tk 0.1.0
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- checksums.yaml +7 -0
- data/.gitignore +10 -0
- data/.travis.yml +6 -0
- data/BSDL +22 -0
- data/ChangeLog.tkextlib +949 -0
- data/Gemfile +4 -0
- data/LICENSE.txt +56 -0
- data/MANUAL_tcltklib.eng +467 -0
- data/MANUAL_tcltklib.ja +578 -0
- data/README.1st +19 -0
- data/README.ActiveTcl +62 -0
- data/README.fork +34 -0
- data/README.macosx-aqua +67 -0
- data/README.md +33 -0
- data/README.tcltklib +152 -0
- data/Rakefile +16 -0
- data/bin/console +14 -0
- data/bin/setup +8 -0
- data/ext/tk/config_list.in +41 -0
- data/ext/tk/extconf.rb +2098 -0
- data/ext/tk/old-extconf.rb +441 -0
- data/ext/tk/stubs.c +592 -0
- data/ext/tk/stubs.h +33 -0
- data/ext/tk/tcltklib.c +11066 -0
- data/ext/tk/tkutil/extconf.rb +14 -0
- data/ext/tk/tkutil/tkutil.c +1900 -0
- data/lib/README +30 -0
- data/lib/multi-tk.rb +3743 -0
- data/lib/remote-tk.rb +527 -0
- data/lib/tcltk.rb +369 -0
- data/lib/tk.rb +5758 -0
- data/lib/tk/after.rb +7 -0
- data/lib/tk/autoload.rb +763 -0
- data/lib/tk/bgerror.rb +30 -0
- data/lib/tk/bindtag.rb +139 -0
- data/lib/tk/busy.rb +119 -0
- data/lib/tk/button.rb +32 -0
- data/lib/tk/canvas.rb +847 -0
- data/lib/tk/canvastag.rb +460 -0
- data/lib/tk/checkbutton.rb +33 -0
- data/lib/tk/clipboard.rb +76 -0
- data/lib/tk/clock.rb +72 -0
- data/lib/tk/composite.rb +485 -0
- data/lib/tk/console.rb +53 -0
- data/lib/tk/dialog.rb +327 -0
- data/lib/tk/encodedstr.rb +188 -0
- data/lib/tk/entry.rb +121 -0
- data/lib/tk/event.rb +563 -0
- data/lib/tk/font.rb +2352 -0
- data/lib/tk/fontchooser.rb +181 -0
- data/lib/tk/frame.rb +133 -0
- data/lib/tk/grid.rb +280 -0
- data/lib/tk/image.rb +396 -0
- data/lib/tk/itemconfig.rb +1222 -0
- data/lib/tk/itemfont.rb +328 -0
- data/lib/tk/kinput.rb +72 -0
- data/lib/tk/label.rb +23 -0
- data/lib/tk/labelframe.rb +32 -0
- data/lib/tk/listbox.rb +285 -0
- data/lib/tk/macpkg.rb +81 -0
- data/lib/tk/menu.rb +719 -0
- data/lib/tk/menubar.rb +138 -0
- data/lib/tk/menuspec.rb +457 -0
- data/lib/tk/message.rb +25 -0
- data/lib/tk/mngfocus.rb +34 -0
- data/lib/tk/msgcat.rb +300 -0
- data/lib/tk/namespace.rb +547 -0
- data/lib/tk/optiondb.rb +372 -0
- data/lib/tk/optionobj.rb +213 -0
- data/lib/tk/pack.rb +108 -0
- data/lib/tk/package.rb +144 -0
- data/lib/tk/palette.rb +56 -0
- data/lib/tk/panedwindow.rb +261 -0
- data/lib/tk/place.rb +129 -0
- data/lib/tk/radiobutton.rb +74 -0
- data/lib/tk/root.rb +96 -0
- data/lib/tk/scale.rb +113 -0
- data/lib/tk/scrollable.rb +83 -0
- data/lib/tk/scrollbar.rb +184 -0
- data/lib/tk/scrollbox.rb +40 -0
- data/lib/tk/selection.rb +87 -0
- data/lib/tk/spinbox.rb +145 -0
- data/lib/tk/tagfont.rb +44 -0
- data/lib/tk/text.rb +1605 -0
- data/lib/tk/textimage.rb +89 -0
- data/lib/tk/textmark.rb +205 -0
- data/lib/tk/texttag.rb +322 -0
- data/lib/tk/textwindow.rb +155 -0
- data/lib/tk/timer.rb +666 -0
- data/lib/tk/tk_mac.rb +159 -0
- data/lib/tk/toplevel.rb +265 -0
- data/lib/tk/ttk_selector.rb +99 -0
- data/lib/tk/txtwin_abst.rb +40 -0
- data/lib/tk/validation.rb +398 -0
- data/lib/tk/variable.rb +1797 -0
- data/lib/tk/virtevent.rb +140 -0
- data/lib/tk/winfo.rb +393 -0
- data/lib/tk/winpkg.rb +157 -0
- data/lib/tk/wm.rb +553 -0
- data/lib/tk/xim.rb +123 -0
- data/lib/tkafter.rb +5 -0
- data/lib/tkbgerror.rb +5 -0
- data/lib/tkcanvas.rb +5 -0
- data/lib/tkclass.rb +48 -0
- data/lib/tkconsole.rb +5 -0
- data/lib/tkdialog.rb +5 -0
- data/lib/tkentry.rb +5 -0
- data/lib/tkextlib/ICONS.rb +14 -0
- data/lib/tkextlib/ICONS/icons.rb +130 -0
- data/lib/tkextlib/ICONS/setup.rb +9 -0
- data/lib/tkextlib/SUPPORT_STATUS +193 -0
- data/lib/tkextlib/blt.rb +190 -0
- data/lib/tkextlib/blt/barchart.rb +80 -0
- data/lib/tkextlib/blt/bitmap.rb +113 -0
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- data/lib/tkextlib/blt/component.rb +2219 -0
- data/lib/tkextlib/blt/container.rb +29 -0
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- data/lib/tkextlib/blt/dragdrop.rb +270 -0
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- data/lib/tkextlib/blt/table.rb +413 -0
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- data/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/widget.rb +130 -0
- data/lib/tkextlib/itcl.rb +14 -0
- data/lib/tkextlib/itcl/incr_tcl.rb +179 -0
- data/lib/tkextlib/itcl/setup.rb +14 -0
- data/lib/tkextlib/itk.rb +14 -0
- data/lib/tkextlib/itk/incr_tk.rb +447 -0
- data/lib/tkextlib/itk/setup.rb +14 -0
- data/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets.rb +95 -0
- data/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/buttonbox.rb +122 -0
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- data/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/canvasprintbox.rb +54 -0
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- data/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/combobox.rb +105 -0
- data/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/dateentry.rb +21 -0
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- data/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/dialog.rb +21 -0
- data/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/dialogshell.rb +122 -0
- data/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/disjointlistbox.rb +51 -0
- data/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/entryfield.rb +186 -0
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- data/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/extfileselectionbox.rb +47 -0
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- data/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/feedback.rb +36 -0
- data/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/fileselectionbox.rb +47 -0
- data/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/fileselectiondialog.rb +34 -0
- data/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/finddialog.rb +43 -0
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- data/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/labeledframe.rb +40 -0
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- data/lib/tkextlib/pkg_checker.rb +185 -0
- data/lib/tkextlib/setup.rb +9 -0
- data/lib/tkextlib/tcllib.rb +106 -0
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- data/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/canvas_sqmap.rb +37 -0
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- data/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/ico.rb +147 -0
- data/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/ip_entry.rb +76 -0
- data/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/khim.rb +69 -0
- data/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/menuentry.rb +48 -0
- data/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/ntext.rb +147 -0
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- data/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/scrolledwindow.rb +58 -0
- data/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/scrollwin.rb +62 -0
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- data/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/superframe.rb +52 -0
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- data/lib/tkextlib/tclx.rb +14 -0
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- data/lib/tkextlib/tile/tsquare.rb +31 -0
- data/lib/tkextlib/tkDND.rb +19 -0
- data/lib/tkextlib/tkDND/setup.rb +9 -0
- data/lib/tkextlib/tkDND/shape.rb +126 -0
- data/lib/tkextlib/tkDND/tkdnd.rb +183 -0
- data/lib/tkextlib/tkHTML.rb +14 -0
- data/lib/tkextlib/tkHTML/htmlwidget.rb +454 -0
- data/lib/tkextlib/tkHTML/setup.rb +9 -0
- data/lib/tkextlib/tkimg.rb +37 -0
- data/lib/tkextlib/tkimg/README +26 -0
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- data/lib/tkextlib/tkimg/dted.rb +34 -0
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- data/lib/tkscrollbox.rb +5 -0
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- data/lib/tkvirtevent.rb +5 -0
- data/lib/tkwinpkg.rb +5 -0
- data/old-README.tcltklib.ja +159 -0
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- data/sample/binding_sample.rb +88 -0
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- data/sample/cmd_resource +5 -0
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<table width="100%">
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<tr><td valign="top" align="left" width="46%">
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<b>Presented At:</b>
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<blockquote>
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The Tcl2K Conference<br>
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Austin, Texas<br>
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<nobr>9:00am, February 15, 2000</nobr><br>
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</blockquote>
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</td>
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<td width="5%"> </td>
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<td valign="top" align="left" width="46%">
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<b>Instructor:</b>
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<blockquote>
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D. Richard Hipp<br>
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drh@hwaci.com<br>
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http://www.hwaci.com/drh/<br>
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704.948.4565
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</blockquote>
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</td></tr>
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</table><p>
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<center><table border="2">
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<tr><td>
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<p align="center">
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Copies of these notes, example source code,<br>and other
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resources related to this tutorial<br>are available online at
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<a href="http://www.hwaci.com/tcl2k/">
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http://www.hwaci.com/tcl2k/</a></p>
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<p align="center"><small>$Id$</small></p></td></tr>
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</table>
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</center>
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</p>
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<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
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<h2 align="center">Tutorial Outline</h2>
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<p><ul><li>Introduction</li>
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<li>Building It Yourself</li>
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<ul><li>"Hello, World!" using Tcl</li>
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<li>Tcl scripts as C strings</li>
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<li>Adding new Tcl commands</li>
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<li>A tour of the Tcl API</li>
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<li>Tcl initialization scripts</li>
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<li>Adding Tk</li>
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</ul><li>Tools Survey</li>
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<li>Mktclapp</li>
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<ul><li>"Hello World" using mktclapp</li>
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<li>Adding C code</li>
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<li>Other Features</li>
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<li>Invoking Tcl from C</li>
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<li>Running mktclapp directly</li>
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<li>Real-world examples</li>
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</ul><li>Summary</li>
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</ul></p>
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<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
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<h2 align="center">Embedding Tcl in C/C++ Applications</h2>
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<p><ul><li>You know how to program in Tcl/Tk</li></ul><ul><li>You know how to program in C/C++</li></ul><ul><li>This tutorial is about how to do both at the same time.</li></ul></p>
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<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
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<h2 align="center">Why Mix C With Tcl/Tk?</h2>
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<p><ul><li>Use C for the things C is good at and Tcl for the things
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Tcl is good at.</li></ul><ul><li>Generate standalone executables.
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<ul><li>Eliminate the need to install Tcl/Tk.</li>
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<li>Prevent problems when the wrong version of Tcl/Tk is installed.</li>
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</ul></li></ul><ul><li>Prevent end users from changing the source code.
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<ul><li>Keeps users from creating new bugs.</li>
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<li>Protects proprietary code.</li>
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</ul></li></ul><ul><li>Office politics</li></ul><ul><li>Use Tcl/Tk as a portability layer for a large C program</li></ul><ul><li>Use Tcl as a testing interface</li></ul></p>
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<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
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<h2 align="center">Why Mix C With Tcl/Tk?</h2>
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<p><blockquote><big><b>
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"Use C for the things C is good at and use Tcl/Tk for the things
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Tcl/Tk is good at."
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</b></blockquote></p><p>
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<table width="100%">
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<tr><td valign="top" align="left" width="46%">
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<b>C is good at:</b>
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<ul>
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<li>Speed</li>
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<li>Complex data structures</li>
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<li>Computation</li>
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<li>Interacting with hardware</li>
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<li>Byte-by-byte data analysis</li>
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</ul>
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</td>
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<td width="5%"> </td>
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<td valign="top" align="left" width="46%">
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<b>Tcl/Tk is good at:</b>
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<ul>
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<li>Building a user interface</li>
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<li>Manipulation of strings</li>
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<li>Portability</li>
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<li>Opening sockets</li>
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<li>Handling events</li>
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</ul>
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</td></tr>
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</table>
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<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
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<h2 align="center">Programming Models</h2>
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<table width="100%">
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<tr><td valign="top" width="49%">
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+
|
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<p><b>Mainstream Tcl Programming Model:</b></p>
|
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+
</td>
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+
<td width="2%"> </td>
|
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108
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+
<td valign="top" width="49%">
|
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109
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+
|
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110
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<p><b>Embedded Tcl Programming Model: </b></p>
|
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</td></tr>
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112
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<tr><td valign="top" width="49%">
|
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+
|
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<ul><li>Add bits of C code to a large Tcl program</li></ul>
|
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|
+
</td>
|
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116
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+
<td width="2%"> </td>
|
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+
<td valign="top" width="49%">
|
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118
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+
|
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+
<ul><li>Add bits of Tcl code to a large C program</li></ul>
|
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+
</td></tr>
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+
<tr><td valign="top" width="49%">
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+
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<ul><li>Main Tcl script loads extensions written in C</li></ul>
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+
</td>
|
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+
<td width="2%"> </td>
|
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+
<td valign="top" width="49%">
|
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+
|
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128
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+
<ul><li>Main C procedure invokes the Tcl interpreter</li></ul>
|
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+
</td></tr>
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+
<tr><td valign="top" width="49%">
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+
|
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<ul><li>Tcl/Tk is a programming language</li></ul>
|
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+
</td>
|
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+
<td width="2%"> </td>
|
|
135
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+
<td valign="top" width="49%">
|
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136
|
+
|
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137
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+
<ul><li>Tcl/Tk is a C library</li></ul>
|
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+
</td></tr>
|
|
139
|
+
<tr><td valign="top" width="49%">
|
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140
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+
|
|
141
|
+
<center><img src="image1"><br>
|
|
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|
+
Most of the Tcl2K conference is about</center>
|
|
143
|
+
</td>
|
|
144
|
+
<td width="2%"> </td>
|
|
145
|
+
<td valign="top" width="49%">
|
|
146
|
+
|
|
147
|
+
<center><img src="image1"><br>
|
|
148
|
+
This tutorial is about</center>
|
|
149
|
+
</td></tr>
|
|
150
|
+
</table>
|
|
151
|
+
|
|
152
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+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
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+
<h2 align="center">"Hello, World!" Using The Tcl Library</h2>
|
|
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+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
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155
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
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+
<small><tt>#include <tcl.h></tt></small></td>
|
|
157
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
158
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
159
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
160
|
+
<td valign="center">Always include <tcl.h></td>
|
|
161
|
+
</tr>
|
|
162
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
163
|
+
<small><tt>int main(int argc, char **argv){<br>
|
|
164
|
+
Tcl_Interp *interp;</tt></small></td>
|
|
165
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
166
|
+
</tr>
|
|
167
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
168
|
+
<small><tt> interp = Tcl_CreateInterp();</tt></small></td>
|
|
169
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
170
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
171
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
172
|
+
<td valign="center">Create a new Tcl interpreter</td>
|
|
173
|
+
</tr>
|
|
174
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
175
|
+
<small><tt> Tcl_Eval(interp, "puts {Hello, World!}");</tt></small></td>
|
|
176
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
177
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
178
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
179
|
+
<td valign="center">Execute a Tcl command.</td>
|
|
180
|
+
</tr>
|
|
181
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
182
|
+
<small><tt> return 0;<br>
|
|
183
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
184
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
185
|
+
</tr>
|
|
186
|
+
</table>
|
|
187
|
+
|
|
188
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
189
|
+
<h2 align="center">Compiling "Hello, World!"</h2>
|
|
190
|
+
<p><p><b>Unix:</b></p>
|
|
191
|
+
<blockquote><tt>
|
|
192
|
+
$ gcc hello.c -ltcl -lm -ldl<br>
|
|
193
|
+
$ ./a.out<br>
|
|
194
|
+
Hello, World!</tt></blockquote>
|
|
195
|
+
|
|
196
|
+
<p><b>Windows using Cygwin:</b></p>
|
|
197
|
+
<blockquote><tt>
|
|
198
|
+
C:> gcc hello.c -ltcl80 -lm<br>
|
|
199
|
+
C:> a.exe<br>
|
|
200
|
+
Hello, World!</tt></blockquote>
|
|
201
|
+
|
|
202
|
+
<p><b>Windows using Mingw32:</b></p>
|
|
203
|
+
<blockquote><tt>
|
|
204
|
+
C:> gcc -mno-cygwin hello.c -ltcl82 -lm<br>
|
|
205
|
+
</tt></blockquote>
|
|
206
|
+
<table><tr><td valign="top"><img src="image3"></td>
|
|
207
|
+
<td valign="top"><b>Also works with VC++</b></td></tr></table></p>
|
|
208
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
209
|
+
<h2 align="center">Where Does <tt>-ltcl</tt> Come From On Unix?</h2>
|
|
210
|
+
<p><p>Build it yourself using these steps:</p></p><p>
|
|
211
|
+
<p><ul><li>Get tcl8.2.2.tar.gz from Scriptics</li></ul><ul><li><tt>zcat tcl8.2.2.tar.gz | tar vx </tt></li></ul><ul><li><tt>cd tcl8.2.2/unix</tt></li></ul><ul><li><tt>./configure --disable-shared</tt></li></ul><ul><li><tt>make</tt></li></ul><ul><li>Move <b>libtcl8.2.a</b> to your lib directory.</li></ul><ul><li>Copy <b>../generic/tcl.h</b> into /usr/include.</li></ul></p>
|
|
212
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
213
|
+
<h2 align="center">What Other Libraries Are Required For Unix?</h2>
|
|
214
|
+
<p><ul><li>The sequence of <b>-l</b> options after <b>-ltcl</b>
|
|
215
|
+
varies from system to system</li></ul><ul><li>Observe what libraries the TCL makefile inserts when
|
|
216
|
+
it is building <b>tclsh</b></li></ul><ul><li>Examples in this talk are for RedHat Linux 6.0 for Intel</li></ul></p>
|
|
217
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
218
|
+
<h2 align="center">How To Compile Under Unix Without Installing Tcl</h2>
|
|
219
|
+
<p><p>Specify the *.a file directly:</p>
|
|
220
|
+
<blockquote><pre>
|
|
221
|
+
$ gcc -I../tcl8.2.2/generic hello.c \
|
|
222
|
+
../tcl8.2.2/unix/libtcl8.2.a -lm -ldl
|
|
223
|
+
$ strip a.out
|
|
224
|
+
$ ./a.out
|
|
225
|
+
Hello, World!</pre></blockquote>
|
|
226
|
+
|
|
227
|
+
<p>Or, tell the C compiler where to look for *.a files:</p>
|
|
228
|
+
<blockquote><pre>
|
|
229
|
+
$ gcc -I../tcl8.2.2/generic hello.c \
|
|
230
|
+
-L../tcl8.2.2/unix -ltcl -lm -ldl
|
|
231
|
+
$ strip a.out
|
|
232
|
+
$ ./a.out
|
|
233
|
+
Hello, World!</pre></blockquote>
|
|
234
|
+
<table><tr><td valign="top"><img src="image3"></td>
|
|
235
|
+
<td valign="top"><b>The <tt>-I../tcl8.2.2</tt> argument
|
|
236
|
+
tells the compiler where to
|
|
237
|
+
find <tt><tcl.h></tt>.</p></b></td></tr></table></p>
|
|
238
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
239
|
+
<h2 align="center">What's "Cygwin"?</h2>
|
|
240
|
+
<p><ul><li>An implementation of GCC/G++ and all development tools
|
|
241
|
+
for Windows95/98/NT/2000</li></ul><ul><li>Available for free download at
|
|
242
|
+
<blockquote>
|
|
243
|
+
<tt>http://sourceware.cygnus.com/cygwin/</tt>
|
|
244
|
+
</blockquote></li></ul><ul><li>Also available shrink-wrapped at your local software retailer or
|
|
245
|
+
online at
|
|
246
|
+
<blockquote>
|
|
247
|
+
<tt>http://www.cygnus.com/cygwin/index.html</tt>
|
|
248
|
+
</blockquote></li></ul><ul><li>Programs compiled using Cygwin require a special
|
|
249
|
+
DLL (<b>cygwin1.dll</b>) that provides a POSIX system API</li></ul><ul><li>Cygwin1.dll cannot be shipped with proprietary programs
|
|
250
|
+
without purchasing a license from Cygnus.</li></ul><ul><li>Mingw32 is the same compiler as Cygwin, but generates
|
|
251
|
+
binaries that do not use cygwin1.dll</li></ul></p>
|
|
252
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
253
|
+
<h2 align="center">Where Does <tt>-ltcl82</tt> Come From On Windows?</h2>
|
|
254
|
+
<p><p>Build it like this:</p></p><p>
|
|
255
|
+
<p><ul><li>Get <b>tcl82.lib</b> and <b>tcl82.dll</b> from Scriptics.</li></ul><ul><li><tt>echo EXPORTS >tcl82.def</tt></li></ul><ul><li><tt>nm tcl82.lib | grep 'T _' | sed 's/.* T _//' >>tcl82.def</tt></li></ul><ul><li><tt>dlltool --def tcl82.def --dllname tcl82.dll --output-lib libtcl82.a</tt></li></ul><ul><li>Move <b>libtcl82.a</b> to the lib directory and <b>tcl82.dll</b>
|
|
256
|
+
to the bin directory.</li></ul></p>
|
|
257
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
258
|
+
<h2 align="center">Where Does Your Code Go?</h2>
|
|
259
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
260
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
261
|
+
<small><tt>#include <tcl.h><br>
|
|
262
|
+
<br>
|
|
263
|
+
int main(int argc, char **argv){<br>
|
|
264
|
+
Tcl_Interp *interp;<br>
|
|
265
|
+
interp = Tcl_CreateInterp();</tt></small></td>
|
|
266
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
267
|
+
</tr>
|
|
268
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
269
|
+
<small><tt> /* Your application code goes here */</tt></small></td>
|
|
270
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
271
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
272
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
273
|
+
<td valign="center">Insert C code here to do whatever it is your program is
|
|
274
|
+
suppose to do</td>
|
|
275
|
+
</tr>
|
|
276
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
277
|
+
<small><tt> return 0;<br>
|
|
278
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
279
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
280
|
+
</tr>
|
|
281
|
+
</table>
|
|
282
|
+
|
|
283
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
284
|
+
<h2 align="center">Building A Simple TCLSH</h2>
|
|
285
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
286
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
287
|
+
<small><tt>#include <tcl.h><br>
|
|
288
|
+
<br>
|
|
289
|
+
int main(int argc, char **argv){<br>
|
|
290
|
+
Tcl_Interp *interp;<br>
|
|
291
|
+
char *z;<br>
|
|
292
|
+
char zLine[2000];<br>
|
|
293
|
+
interp = Tcl_CreateInterp();</tt></small></td>
|
|
294
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
295
|
+
</tr>
|
|
296
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
297
|
+
<small><tt> while( fgets(zLine,sizeof(zLine),stdin) ){</tt></small></td>
|
|
298
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
299
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
300
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
301
|
+
<td valign="center">Get one line of input</td>
|
|
302
|
+
</tr>
|
|
303
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
304
|
+
<small><tt> Tcl_Eval(interp, zLine);</tt></small></td>
|
|
305
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
306
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
307
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
308
|
+
<td valign="center">Execute the input as Tcl.</td>
|
|
309
|
+
</tr>
|
|
310
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
311
|
+
<small><tt> z = Tcl_GetStringResult(interp);<br>
|
|
312
|
+
if( z[0] ){<br>
|
|
313
|
+
printf("����P�X�\n", z);<br>
|
|
314
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
315
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
316
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
317
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
318
|
+
<td valign="center">Print result if not empty</td>
|
|
319
|
+
</tr>
|
|
320
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
321
|
+
<small><tt> }<br>
|
|
322
|
+
return 0;<br>
|
|
323
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
324
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
325
|
+
</tr>
|
|
326
|
+
</table>
|
|
327
|
+
<p><table><tr><td valign="top"><img src="image3"></td>
|
|
328
|
+
<td valign="top"><b>What if user types more than 2000 characters?</b></td></tr></table>
|
|
329
|
+
</p>
|
|
330
|
+
|
|
331
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
332
|
+
<h2 align="center">Building A Simple TCLSH</h2>
|
|
333
|
+
<p>Use TCL to handle input. Allows input lines of unlimited length.</p><p>
|
|
334
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
335
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
336
|
+
<small><tt>#include <tcl.h><br>
|
|
337
|
+
<br>
|
|
338
|
+
/* Tcl code to implement the<br>
|
|
339
|
+
** input loop */<br>
|
|
340
|
+
static char zLoop[] = <br>
|
|
341
|
+
"while {![eof stdin]} {\n"</tt></small></td>
|
|
342
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
343
|
+
</tr>
|
|
344
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
345
|
+
<small><tt> " set line [gets stdin]\n"</tt></small></td>
|
|
346
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
347
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
348
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
349
|
+
<td valign="center">Get one line of input</td>
|
|
350
|
+
</tr>
|
|
351
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
352
|
+
<small><tt> " set result [eval $line]\n"</tt></small></td>
|
|
353
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
354
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
355
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
356
|
+
<td valign="center">Execute input as Tcl</td>
|
|
357
|
+
</tr>
|
|
358
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
359
|
+
<small><tt> " if {$result!=\"\"} {puts $result}\n"</tt></small></td>
|
|
360
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
361
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
362
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
363
|
+
<td valign="center">Print result</td>
|
|
364
|
+
</tr>
|
|
365
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
366
|
+
<small><tt> "}\n"<br>
|
|
367
|
+
;<br>
|
|
368
|
+
<br>
|
|
369
|
+
<br>
|
|
370
|
+
int main(int argc, char **argv){<br>
|
|
371
|
+
Tcl_Interp *interp;<br>
|
|
372
|
+
interp = Tcl_CreateInterp();</tt></small></td>
|
|
373
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
374
|
+
</tr>
|
|
375
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
376
|
+
<small><tt> Tcl_Eval(interp, zLoop);</tt></small></td>
|
|
377
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
378
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
379
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
380
|
+
<td valign="center">Run the Tcl input loop</td>
|
|
381
|
+
</tr>
|
|
382
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
383
|
+
<small><tt> return 0;<br>
|
|
384
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
385
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
386
|
+
</tr>
|
|
387
|
+
</table>
|
|
388
|
+
<p><table><tr><td valign="top"><img src="image3"></td>
|
|
389
|
+
<td valign="top"><b>But what about commands that span multiple lines of input?</b></td></tr></table>
|
|
390
|
+
</p>
|
|
391
|
+
|
|
392
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
393
|
+
<h2 align="center">Better Handling Of Command-Line Input</h2>
|
|
394
|
+
<p>The file "input.tcl"</p><p>
|
|
395
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
396
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
397
|
+
<small><tt>set line {}<br>
|
|
398
|
+
while {![eof stdin]} {</tt></small></td>
|
|
399
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
400
|
+
</tr>
|
|
401
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
402
|
+
<small><tt> if {$line!=""} {<br>
|
|
403
|
+
puts -nonewline "> "<br>
|
|
404
|
+
} else {<br>
|
|
405
|
+
puts -nonewline "% "<br>
|
|
406
|
+
}<br>
|
|
407
|
+
flush stdout</tt></small></td>
|
|
408
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
409
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
410
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
411
|
+
<td valign="center">Prompt for user input. The prompt is normally "%"
|
|
412
|
+
but changes to ">" if the current line is a continuation.</td>
|
|
413
|
+
</tr>
|
|
414
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
415
|
+
<small><tt> append line [gets stdin]<br>
|
|
416
|
+
if {[info complete $line]} {</tt></small></td>
|
|
417
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
418
|
+
</tr>
|
|
419
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
420
|
+
<small><tt> if {[catch {uplevel #0 $line} result]} {</tt></small></td>
|
|
421
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
422
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
423
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
424
|
+
<td valign="center">If the command is complete, execute it.</td>
|
|
425
|
+
</tr>
|
|
426
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
427
|
+
<small><tt> puts stderr "Error: $result"<br>
|
|
428
|
+
} elseif {$result!=""} {<br>
|
|
429
|
+
puts $result<br>
|
|
430
|
+
}<br>
|
|
431
|
+
set line {}</tt></small></td>
|
|
432
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
433
|
+
</tr>
|
|
434
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
435
|
+
<small><tt> } else {<br>
|
|
436
|
+
append line \n<br>
|
|
437
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
438
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
439
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
440
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
441
|
+
<td valign="center">If the command is incomplete, append a newline and get
|
|
442
|
+
another line of text.</td>
|
|
443
|
+
</tr>
|
|
444
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
445
|
+
<small><tt>}</tt></small></td>
|
|
446
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
447
|
+
</tr>
|
|
448
|
+
</table>
|
|
449
|
+
|
|
450
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
451
|
+
<h2 align="center">Better Handling Of Command-Line Input</h2>
|
|
452
|
+
<p>The file "input.c"</p><p>
|
|
453
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
454
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
455
|
+
<small><tt>#include <tcl.h><br>
|
|
456
|
+
<br>
|
|
457
|
+
int main(int argc, char **argv){<br>
|
|
458
|
+
Tcl_Interp *interp;<br>
|
|
459
|
+
interp = Tcl_CreateInterp();</tt></small></td>
|
|
460
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
461
|
+
</tr>
|
|
462
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
463
|
+
<small><tt> Tcl_Eval(interp, "source input.tcl");</tt></small></td>
|
|
464
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
465
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
466
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
467
|
+
<td valign="center">Read and execute the input loop</td>
|
|
468
|
+
</tr>
|
|
469
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
470
|
+
<small><tt> return 0;<br>
|
|
471
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
472
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
473
|
+
</tr>
|
|
474
|
+
</table>
|
|
475
|
+
<p><table><tr><td valign="top"><img src="image3"></td>
|
|
476
|
+
<td valign="top"><b>But now the program is not standalone!</b></td></tr></table>
|
|
477
|
+
</p>
|
|
478
|
+
|
|
479
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
480
|
+
<h2 align="center">Converting Scripts Into C Strings</h2>
|
|
481
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
482
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
483
|
+
<small><tt>static char zInputLoop[] = <br>
|
|
484
|
+
"set line {}\n"<br>
|
|
485
|
+
"while {![eof stdin]} {\n"<br>
|
|
486
|
+
" if {$line!=\"\"} {\n"<br>
|
|
487
|
+
" puts -nonewline \"> \"\n"<br>
|
|
488
|
+
" } else {\n"<br>
|
|
489
|
+
" puts -nonewline \"% \"\n"<br>
|
|
490
|
+
" }\n"<br>
|
|
491
|
+
" flush stdout\n"<br>
|
|
492
|
+
" append line [gets stdin]\n"<br>
|
|
493
|
+
" if {[info complete $line]} {\n"<br>
|
|
494
|
+
" if {[catch {uplevel #0 $line} result]} {\n"<br>
|
|
495
|
+
" puts stderr \"Error: $result\"\n"<br>
|
|
496
|
+
" } elseif {$result!=\"\"} {\n"<br>
|
|
497
|
+
" puts $result\n"<br>
|
|
498
|
+
" }\n"<br>
|
|
499
|
+
" set line {}\n"<br>
|
|
500
|
+
" } else {\n"<br>
|
|
501
|
+
" append line \\n\n"<br>
|
|
502
|
+
" }\n"<br>
|
|
503
|
+
"}\n"<br>
|
|
504
|
+
;</tt></small></td>
|
|
505
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
506
|
+
</tr>
|
|
507
|
+
</table>
|
|
508
|
+
|
|
509
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
510
|
+
<h2 align="center">Compile Tcl Scripts Into C Programs</h2>
|
|
511
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
512
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
513
|
+
<small><tt>#include <tcl.h><br>
|
|
514
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
515
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
516
|
+
</tr>
|
|
517
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
518
|
+
<small><tt><br>
|
|
519
|
+
static char zInputLoop[] = <br>
|
|
520
|
+
/* Actual code omitted */<br>
|
|
521
|
+
;</tt></small></td>
|
|
522
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
523
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
524
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
525
|
+
<td valign="center">Copy and paste the converted Tcl script here</td>
|
|
526
|
+
</tr>
|
|
527
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
528
|
+
<small><tt><br>
|
|
529
|
+
int main(int argc, char **argv){<br>
|
|
530
|
+
Tcl_Interp *interp;<br>
|
|
531
|
+
interp = Tcl_CreateInterp();</tt></small></td>
|
|
532
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
533
|
+
</tr>
|
|
534
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
535
|
+
<small><tt> Tcl_Eval(interp, zInputLoop);</tt></small></td>
|
|
536
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
537
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
538
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
539
|
+
<td valign="center">Execute the Tcl code</td>
|
|
540
|
+
</tr>
|
|
541
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
542
|
+
<small><tt> return 0;<br>
|
|
543
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
544
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
545
|
+
</tr>
|
|
546
|
+
</table>
|
|
547
|
+
|
|
548
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
549
|
+
<h2 align="center">Converting Scripts To Strings<br>Using SED Or TCLSH</h2>
|
|
550
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
551
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
552
|
+
<small><tt>sed -e 's/\\/\\\\/g' \ </tt></small></td>
|
|
553
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
554
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
555
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
556
|
+
<td valign="center">Convert <b>\</b> into <b>\\</b></td>
|
|
557
|
+
</tr>
|
|
558
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
559
|
+
<small><tt> -e 's/"/\\"/g' \ </tt></small></td>
|
|
560
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
561
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
562
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
563
|
+
<td valign="center">Convert <b>"</b> into <b>\"</b></td>
|
|
564
|
+
</tr>
|
|
565
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
566
|
+
<small><tt> -e 's/^/ "/' \ </tt></small></td>
|
|
567
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
568
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
569
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
570
|
+
<td valign="center">Add <b>"</b> to start of each line</td>
|
|
571
|
+
</tr>
|
|
572
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
573
|
+
<small><tt> -e 's/$/\\n"/' input.tcl</tt></small></td>
|
|
574
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
575
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
576
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
577
|
+
<td valign="center">Add <b>\n"</b> to end of each line</td>
|
|
578
|
+
</tr>
|
|
579
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
580
|
+
<small><tt><br>
|
|
581
|
+
<br>
|
|
582
|
+
<br>
|
|
583
|
+
<br>
|
|
584
|
+
<br>
|
|
585
|
+
while {![eof stdin]} {<br>
|
|
586
|
+
set line [gets stdin]</tt></small></td>
|
|
587
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
588
|
+
</tr>
|
|
589
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
590
|
+
<small><tt> regsub -all {\} $line {&&} line</tt></small></td>
|
|
591
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
592
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
593
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
594
|
+
<td valign="center">Convert <b>\</b> into <b>\\</b></td>
|
|
595
|
+
</tr>
|
|
596
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
597
|
+
<small><tt> regsub -all {"} $line {\"} line</tt></small></td>
|
|
598
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
599
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
600
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
601
|
+
<td valign="center">Convert <b>"</b> into <b>\"</b></td>
|
|
602
|
+
</tr>
|
|
603
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
604
|
+
<small><tt> puts "\"$line\\n\""</tt></small></td>
|
|
605
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
606
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
607
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
608
|
+
<td valign="center">Add <b>"</b> in front and <b>\n"</b> at the end</td>
|
|
609
|
+
</tr>
|
|
610
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
611
|
+
<small><tt>}</tt></small></td>
|
|
612
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
613
|
+
</tr>
|
|
614
|
+
</table>
|
|
615
|
+
|
|
616
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
617
|
+
<h2 align="center">Converting Scripts Into C Strings</h2>
|
|
618
|
+
<p>You may want to save space by removing comments and extra whitespace
|
|
619
|
+
from scripts.</p><p>
|
|
620
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
621
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
622
|
+
<small><tt>static char zInputLoop[] = <br>
|
|
623
|
+
"set line {}\n"<br>
|
|
624
|
+
"while {![eof stdin]} {\n"<br>
|
|
625
|
+
"if {$line!=\"\"} {\n"<br>
|
|
626
|
+
"puts -nonewline \"> \"\n"<br>
|
|
627
|
+
"} else {\n"<br>
|
|
628
|
+
"puts -nonewline \"% \"\n"<br>
|
|
629
|
+
"}\n"<br>
|
|
630
|
+
"flush stdout\n"<br>
|
|
631
|
+
"append line [gets stdin]\n"<br>
|
|
632
|
+
"if {[info complete $line]} {\n"<br>
|
|
633
|
+
"if {[catch {uplevel #0 $line} result]} {\n"<br>
|
|
634
|
+
"puts stderr \"Error: $result\"\n"<br>
|
|
635
|
+
"} elseif {$result!=\"\"} {\n"<br>
|
|
636
|
+
"puts $result\n"<br>
|
|
637
|
+
"}\n"<br>
|
|
638
|
+
"set line {}\n"<br>
|
|
639
|
+
"} else {\n"<br>
|
|
640
|
+
"append line \\n\n"<br>
|
|
641
|
+
"}\n"<br>
|
|
642
|
+
"}\n"<br>
|
|
643
|
+
;</tt></small></td>
|
|
644
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
645
|
+
</tr>
|
|
646
|
+
</table>
|
|
647
|
+
|
|
648
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
649
|
+
<h2 align="center">Converting Scripts To Strings</h2>
|
|
650
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
651
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
652
|
+
<small><tt>sed -e 's/\\/\\\\/g' \ <br>
|
|
653
|
+
-e 's/"/\\"/g' \ </tt></small></td>
|
|
654
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
655
|
+
</tr>
|
|
656
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
657
|
+
<small><tt> -e '/^ *#/d' \ </tt></small></td>
|
|
658
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
659
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
660
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
661
|
+
<td valign="center">Delete lines that begin with #</td>
|
|
662
|
+
</tr>
|
|
663
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
664
|
+
<small><tt> -e '/^ *$/d' \ </tt></small></td>
|
|
665
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
666
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
667
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
668
|
+
<td valign="center">Delete blank lines</td>
|
|
669
|
+
</tr>
|
|
670
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
671
|
+
<small><tt> -e 's/^ */ "/' \ </tt></small></td>
|
|
672
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
673
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
674
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
675
|
+
<td valign="center">Delete leading spaces</td>
|
|
676
|
+
</tr>
|
|
677
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
678
|
+
<small><tt> -e 's/$/\\n"/' input.tcl<br>
|
|
679
|
+
<br>
|
|
680
|
+
<br>
|
|
681
|
+
<br>
|
|
682
|
+
<br>
|
|
683
|
+
<br>
|
|
684
|
+
while {![eof stdin]} {<br>
|
|
685
|
+
set line [gets stdin]</tt></small></td>
|
|
686
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
687
|
+
</tr>
|
|
688
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
689
|
+
<small><tt> set line [string trimleft $line]</tt></small></td>
|
|
690
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
691
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
692
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
693
|
+
<td valign="center">Remove leading space</td>
|
|
694
|
+
</tr>
|
|
695
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
696
|
+
<small><tt> if {$line==""} continue</tt></small></td>
|
|
697
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
698
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
699
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
700
|
+
<td valign="center">Delete blank lines</td>
|
|
701
|
+
</tr>
|
|
702
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
703
|
+
<small><tt> if {[string index $line 0]=="#"} {<br>
|
|
704
|
+
continue<br>
|
|
705
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
706
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
707
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
708
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
709
|
+
<td valign="center">Delete lines starting with #</td>
|
|
710
|
+
</tr>
|
|
711
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
712
|
+
<small><tt> regsub -all {\} $line {&&} line<br>
|
|
713
|
+
regsub -all {"} $line {\"} line<br>
|
|
714
|
+
puts "\"$line\\n\""<br>
|
|
715
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
716
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
717
|
+
</tr>
|
|
718
|
+
</table>
|
|
719
|
+
|
|
720
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
721
|
+
<h2 align="center">Removing Comments Or Leading Space<br>Will Break Some Tcl Scripts!</h2>
|
|
722
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
723
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
724
|
+
<small><tt>image create bitmap smiley -data {</tt></small></td>
|
|
725
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
726
|
+
</tr>
|
|
727
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
728
|
+
<small><tt>#define smile_width 15<br>
|
|
729
|
+
#define smile_height 15</tt></small></td>
|
|
730
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
731
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
732
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
733
|
+
<td valign="center">These lines begin with # but are not comment</td>
|
|
734
|
+
</tr>
|
|
735
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
736
|
+
<small><tt>static unsigned char smile_bits[] = {<br>
|
|
737
|
+
0xc0, 0x01, 0x30, 0x06, 0x0c, 0x18,<br>
|
|
738
|
+
0x04, 0x10, 0x22, 0x22, 0x52, 0x25,<br>
|
|
739
|
+
0x01, 0x40, 0x01, 0x40, 0x01, 0x40,<br>
|
|
740
|
+
0x12, 0x24, 0xe2, 0x23, 0x04, 0x10,<br>
|
|
741
|
+
0x0c, 0x18, 0x30, 0x06, 0xc0, 0x01};<br>
|
|
742
|
+
}<br>
|
|
743
|
+
<br>
|
|
744
|
+
<br>
|
|
745
|
+
<br>
|
|
746
|
+
text .t<br>
|
|
747
|
+
pack .t<br>
|
|
748
|
+
.t insert end [string trim {</tt></small></td>
|
|
749
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
750
|
+
</tr>
|
|
751
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
752
|
+
<small><tt>She walks in beauty, like the night<br>
|
|
753
|
+
Of cloudless climes and starry skies;<br>
|
|
754
|
+
And all that's best of dark and bright<br>
|
|
755
|
+
Meet in her aspect and her eyes;</tt></small></td>
|
|
756
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
757
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
758
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
759
|
+
<td valign="center">Indentation is deleted on lines 2
|
|
760
|
+
and 4</td>
|
|
761
|
+
</tr>
|
|
762
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
763
|
+
<small><tt>}] <br>
|
|
764
|
+
<br>
|
|
765
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
766
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
767
|
+
</tr>
|
|
768
|
+
</table>
|
|
769
|
+
<p><table><tr><td valign="top"><img src="image3"></td>
|
|
770
|
+
<td valign="top"><b>Problems like these are rare</b></td></tr></table>
|
|
771
|
+
</p>
|
|
772
|
+
|
|
773
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
774
|
+
<h2 align="center">Adding A "continue" Command</h2>
|
|
775
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
776
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
777
|
+
<small><tt>set line {}<br>
|
|
778
|
+
while {![eof stdin]} {<br>
|
|
779
|
+
if {$line!=""} {<br>
|
|
780
|
+
puts -nonewline "> "<br>
|
|
781
|
+
} else {<br>
|
|
782
|
+
puts -nonewline "% "<br>
|
|
783
|
+
}<br>
|
|
784
|
+
flush stdout<br>
|
|
785
|
+
append line [gets stdin]<br>
|
|
786
|
+
if {[info complete $line]} {</tt></small></td>
|
|
787
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
788
|
+
</tr>
|
|
789
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
790
|
+
<small><tt> if {[lindex $line 0]=="continue"} {<br>
|
|
791
|
+
break;</tt></small></td>
|
|
792
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
793
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
794
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
795
|
+
<td valign="center">Break out of the loop if the command
|
|
796
|
+
is "continue"</td>
|
|
797
|
+
</tr>
|
|
798
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
799
|
+
<small><tt> } elseif {[catch {uplevel #0 $line} result]} {<br>
|
|
800
|
+
puts stderr "Error: $result"<br>
|
|
801
|
+
} elseif {$result!=""} {<br>
|
|
802
|
+
puts $result<br>
|
|
803
|
+
}<br>
|
|
804
|
+
set line {}<br>
|
|
805
|
+
} else {<br>
|
|
806
|
+
append line \n<br>
|
|
807
|
+
}<br>
|
|
808
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
809
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
810
|
+
</tr>
|
|
811
|
+
</table>
|
|
812
|
+
|
|
813
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
814
|
+
<h2 align="center">Stop For Tcl Input At Various Points<br>In A C Program</h2>
|
|
815
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
816
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
817
|
+
<small><tt>#include <tcl.h><br>
|
|
818
|
+
<br>
|
|
819
|
+
static char zInputLoop[] = <br>
|
|
820
|
+
/* Tcl Input loop as a C string */<br>
|
|
821
|
+
;<br>
|
|
822
|
+
<br>
|
|
823
|
+
int main(int argc, char **argv){<br>
|
|
824
|
+
Tcl_Interp *interp;<br>
|
|
825
|
+
interp = Tcl_CreateInterp();</tt></small></td>
|
|
826
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
827
|
+
</tr>
|
|
828
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
829
|
+
<small><tt> /* Application C code */</tt></small></td>
|
|
830
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
831
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
832
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
833
|
+
<td valign="center">Do some computation</td>
|
|
834
|
+
</tr>
|
|
835
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
836
|
+
<small><tt> Tcl_Eval(interp, zInputLoop);</tt></small></td>
|
|
837
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
838
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
839
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
840
|
+
<td valign="center">Stop for some Tcl input</td>
|
|
841
|
+
</tr>
|
|
842
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
843
|
+
<small><tt> /* More application C code */</tt></small></td>
|
|
844
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
845
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
846
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
847
|
+
<td valign="center">Do more computation</td>
|
|
848
|
+
</tr>
|
|
849
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
850
|
+
<small><tt> Tcl_Eval(interp, zInputLoop);</tt></small></td>
|
|
851
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
852
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
853
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
854
|
+
<td valign="center">Stop for more Tcl input</td>
|
|
855
|
+
</tr>
|
|
856
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
857
|
+
<small><tt> /* Finish up the application */</tt></small></td>
|
|
858
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
859
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
860
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
861
|
+
<td valign="center">Finish the computation</td>
|
|
862
|
+
</tr>
|
|
863
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
864
|
+
<small><tt> return 0;<br>
|
|
865
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
866
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
867
|
+
</tr>
|
|
868
|
+
</table>
|
|
869
|
+
|
|
870
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
871
|
+
<h2 align="center">Using Tcl For Testing</h2>
|
|
872
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
873
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
874
|
+
<small><tt>#include <tcl.h><br>
|
|
875
|
+
<br>
|
|
876
|
+
static char zInputLoop[] = <br>
|
|
877
|
+
/* Tcl Input loop as a C string */<br>
|
|
878
|
+
;<br>
|
|
879
|
+
<br>
|
|
880
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
881
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
882
|
+
</tr>
|
|
883
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
884
|
+
<small><tt>int main(int argc, char **argv){<br>
|
|
885
|
+
#ifdef TESTING<br>
|
|
886
|
+
Tcl_Interp *interp;</tt></small></td>
|
|
887
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
888
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
889
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
890
|
+
<td valign="center">Create interpreter only if TESTING
|
|
891
|
+
is defined</td>
|
|
892
|
+
</tr>
|
|
893
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
894
|
+
<small><tt> interp = Tcl_CreateInterp();<br>
|
|
895
|
+
#endif<br>
|
|
896
|
+
/* Application C code */</tt></small></td>
|
|
897
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
898
|
+
</tr>
|
|
899
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
900
|
+
<small><tt>#ifdef TESTING<br>
|
|
901
|
+
Tcl_Eval(interp, zInputLoop);<br>
|
|
902
|
+
#endif</tt></small></td>
|
|
903
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
904
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
905
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
906
|
+
<td valign="center">Accept command-line input only if TESTING
|
|
907
|
+
is defined</td>
|
|
908
|
+
</tr>
|
|
909
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
910
|
+
<small><tt> /* More application C code */<br>
|
|
911
|
+
#ifdef TESTING<br>
|
|
912
|
+
Tcl_Eval(interp, zInputLoop);<br>
|
|
913
|
+
#endif<br>
|
|
914
|
+
/* Finish up the application */<br>
|
|
915
|
+
return 0;<br>
|
|
916
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
917
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
918
|
+
</tr>
|
|
919
|
+
</table>
|
|
920
|
+
|
|
921
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
922
|
+
<h2 align="center">Creating A New Tcl Command In C</h2>
|
|
923
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
924
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
925
|
+
<small><tt>#include <tcl.h><br>
|
|
926
|
+
<br>
|
|
927
|
+
int NewCmd(</tt></small></td>
|
|
928
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
929
|
+
</tr>
|
|
930
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
931
|
+
<small><tt> void *clientData,<br>
|
|
932
|
+
Tcl_Interp *interp,<br>
|
|
933
|
+
int argc,<br>
|
|
934
|
+
char **argv</tt></small></td>
|
|
935
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
936
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
937
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
938
|
+
<td valign="center">The Tcl command is implemented as
|
|
939
|
+
a C function with four arguments.</td>
|
|
940
|
+
</tr>
|
|
941
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
942
|
+
<small><tt>){<br>
|
|
943
|
+
printf("Hello, World!\n");</tt></small></td>
|
|
944
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
945
|
+
</tr>
|
|
946
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
947
|
+
<small><tt> return TCL_OK;</tt></small></td>
|
|
948
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
949
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
950
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
951
|
+
<td valign="center">Returns TCL_OK or TCL_ERROR</td>
|
|
952
|
+
</tr>
|
|
953
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
954
|
+
<small><tt>}<br>
|
|
955
|
+
<br>
|
|
956
|
+
static char zInputLoop[] = <br>
|
|
957
|
+
/* Tcl code omitted... */<br>
|
|
958
|
+
;<br>
|
|
959
|
+
<br>
|
|
960
|
+
int main(int argc, char **argv){<br>
|
|
961
|
+
Tcl_Interp *interp;<br>
|
|
962
|
+
interp = Tcl_CreateInterp();</tt></small></td>
|
|
963
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
964
|
+
</tr>
|
|
965
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
966
|
+
<small><tt> Tcl_CreateCommand(interp, "helloworld",<br>
|
|
967
|
+
NewCmd, 0, 0);</tt></small></td>
|
|
968
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
969
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
970
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
971
|
+
<td valign="center">Tell the interpreter which C function to call when the
|
|
972
|
+
"helloworld" Tcl command is executed</td>
|
|
973
|
+
</tr>
|
|
974
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
975
|
+
<small><tt> Tcl_Eval(interp, zInputLoop);<br>
|
|
976
|
+
return 0;<br>
|
|
977
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
978
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
979
|
+
</tr>
|
|
980
|
+
</table>
|
|
981
|
+
|
|
982
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
983
|
+
<h2 align="center">Linkage From Tcl To C</h2>
|
|
984
|
+
<p><p align="center"><img src="image4"></p></p><p><ul><li>3rd parameter of Tcl_CreateCommand() is a pointer to the C subroutine
|
|
985
|
+
that implements the command.</li></ul><ul><li>4th parameter to Tcl_CreateCommand() becomes the 1st parameter to
|
|
986
|
+
the C routine whenever the Tcl command is executed.</li></ul><ul><li>1st parameter to Tcl_CreateCommand() must be a valid Tcl interpreter.
|
|
987
|
+
The same pointer appears as the second parameter to the C routine
|
|
988
|
+
whenever the Tcl command is executed.</li></ul></p>
|
|
989
|
+
|
|
990
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
991
|
+
<h2 align="center">Linkage From Tcl To C</h2>
|
|
992
|
+
<p><p align="center"><img src="image5"></p></p><p><ul><li>5th parameter of Tcl_CreateCommand() is a pointer to the C subroutine
|
|
993
|
+
that is called when the Tcl command is deleted.</li></ul><ul><li>4th parameter to Tcl_CreateCommand() becomes the 1st parameter to
|
|
994
|
+
the C routine.</li></ul></p>
|
|
995
|
+
|
|
996
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
997
|
+
<h2 align="center">When To Use A Delete Proc</h2>
|
|
998
|
+
<p>Examples of where the delete proc is used in standard Tcl/Tk:</p><p>
|
|
999
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
1000
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1001
|
+
<small><tt>button .b -text Hello<br>
|
|
1002
|
+
pack .b</tt></small></td>
|
|
1003
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
1004
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1005
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1006
|
+
<small><tt>rename .b {}</tt></small></td>
|
|
1007
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1008
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
1009
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1010
|
+
<td valign="center">Deleting the <b>.b</b> command causes the button to be destroyed</td>
|
|
1011
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1012
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1013
|
+
<small><tt><br>
|
|
1014
|
+
<br>
|
|
1015
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
1016
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
1017
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1018
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1019
|
+
<small><tt>image create photo smiley \ <br>
|
|
1020
|
+
-file smiley.gif</tt></small></td>
|
|
1021
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
1022
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1023
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1024
|
+
<small><tt>rename smiley {}</tt></small></td>
|
|
1025
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1026
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
1027
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1028
|
+
<td valign="center">Deleting the <b>smiley</b> command destroys the image and reclaims the
|
|
1029
|
+
memory used to hold the image</td>
|
|
1030
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1031
|
+
</table>
|
|
1032
|
+
<p><ul><li>Always use a delete proc if the clientData is a pointer to
|
|
1033
|
+
malloced memory or some other resource that needs freeing</li></ul><ul><li>Delete procs are never used in the Tcl core but are used
|
|
1034
|
+
extensively in Tk</li></ul></p>
|
|
1035
|
+
|
|
1036
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
1037
|
+
<h2 align="center">Linkage From Tcl To C</h2>
|
|
1038
|
+
<p>The <tt>argc</tt> and <tt>argv</tt> parameters work just like in
|
|
1039
|
+
<tt>main()</tt></p><p>
|
|
1040
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
1041
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1042
|
+
<small><tt>helloworld one {two three} four</tt></small></td>
|
|
1043
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1044
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
1045
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1046
|
+
<td valign="center"><tt>argc = 4<br>
|
|
1047
|
+
argv[0] = "helloworld"<br>
|
|
1048
|
+
argv[1] = "one"<br>
|
|
1049
|
+
argv[2] = "two three"<br>
|
|
1050
|
+
argv[3] = "four"<br>
|
|
1051
|
+
argv[4] = NULL</tt></td>
|
|
1052
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1053
|
+
</table>
|
|
1054
|
+
|
|
1055
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
1056
|
+
<h2 align="center">A Short-Cut</h2>
|
|
1057
|
+
<p>In a program with many new Tcl commands implemented in C, it becomes
|
|
1058
|
+
tedious to type the same four parameters over and over again. So
|
|
1059
|
+
we define a short-cut.</p><p>
|
|
1060
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
1061
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1062
|
+
<small><tt>#define TCLARGS \ <br>
|
|
1063
|
+
void *clientData, \ <br>
|
|
1064
|
+
Tcl_Interp *interp, \ <br>
|
|
1065
|
+
int argc, \ <br>
|
|
1066
|
+
char *argv</tt></small></td>
|
|
1067
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1068
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
1069
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1070
|
+
<td valign="center">Define TCLARGS once in a header file</td>
|
|
1071
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1072
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1073
|
+
<small><tt> <br>
|
|
1074
|
+
<br>
|
|
1075
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
1076
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
1077
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1078
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1079
|
+
<small><tt>int NewCmd(TCLARGS){</tt></small></td>
|
|
1080
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1081
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
1082
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1083
|
+
<td valign="center">Use the TCLARGS macro to define new C functions
|
|
1084
|
+
that implement Tcl commands.</td>
|
|
1085
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1086
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1087
|
+
<small><tt> /* implementation... */<br>
|
|
1088
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
1089
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
1090
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1091
|
+
</table>
|
|
1092
|
+
<p><table><tr><td valign="top"><img src="image3"></td>
|
|
1093
|
+
<td valign="top"><b>For brevity, we will use the TCLARGS macro during the
|
|
1094
|
+
rest of this talk.</b></td></tr></table>
|
|
1095
|
+
</p>
|
|
1096
|
+
|
|
1097
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
1098
|
+
<h2 align="center">Returning A Value From C Back To Tcl</h2>
|
|
1099
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
1100
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1101
|
+
<small><tt>int NewCmd(TCLARGS){</tt></small></td>
|
|
1102
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1103
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
1104
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1105
|
+
<td valign="center">Note that the C function returns an "int"</td>
|
|
1106
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1107
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1108
|
+
<small><tt> return TCL_OK;</tt></small></td>
|
|
1109
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1110
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
1111
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1112
|
+
<td valign="center">Return value is TCL_OK or TCL_ERROR</td>
|
|
1113
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1114
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1115
|
+
<small><tt>}</tt></small></td>
|
|
1116
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
1117
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1118
|
+
</table>
|
|
1119
|
+
<p><ul><li>TCL_OK and TCL_ERROR are defined in <tcl.h></li></ul><ul><li>Other valid return values TCL_RETURN, TCL_BREAK and TCL_CONTINUE
|
|
1120
|
+
are rarely used</li></ul><ul><li>Common mistake: forgetting to return TCL_OK</li></ul></p>
|
|
1121
|
+
|
|
1122
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
1123
|
+
<h2 align="center">Returning A Value From C Back To Tcl</h2>
|
|
1124
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
1125
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1126
|
+
<small><tt>int NewCmd(TCLARGS){</tt></small></td>
|
|
1127
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
1128
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1129
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1130
|
+
<small><tt> Tcl_SetResult(interp,"Hello!",TCL_STATIC);</tt></small></td>
|
|
1131
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1132
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
1133
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1134
|
+
<td valign="center">Set the result to "Hello!"</td>
|
|
1135
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1136
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1137
|
+
<small><tt> return TCL_OK;<br>
|
|
1138
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
1139
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
1140
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1141
|
+
</table>
|
|
1142
|
+
<p><ul><li>Result should be the text of an error message if you
|
|
1143
|
+
return TCL_ERROR.</li></ul><ul><li>3rd argument to Tcl_SetResult() can be TCL_STATIC,
|
|
1144
|
+
TCL_DYNAMIC, TCL_VOLATILE, or a function pointer.</li></ul><ul><li>Also consider using Tcl_AppendResult().</li></ul><ul><li>Direct access to <tt>interp->result</tt> is deprecated.</li></ul><ul><li>See the man pages for details.</li></ul></p>
|
|
1145
|
+
|
|
1146
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
1147
|
+
<h2 align="center">The Tcl_Obj Interface</h2>
|
|
1148
|
+
<p><ul><li>A new way to write Tcl commands in C code</li></ul><ul><li>First introduced in Tcl8.0</li></ul><ul><li>Can be much faster, especially for lists or numeric values.</li></ul><ul><li>Able to handle arbitrary binary data.</li></ul><ul><li>More difficult to program.</li></ul></p>
|
|
1149
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
1150
|
+
<h2 align="center">The Tcl_Obj Interface</h2>
|
|
1151
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
1152
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1153
|
+
<small><tt>int NewObjCmd(<br>
|
|
1154
|
+
void *clientData,<br>
|
|
1155
|
+
Tcl_Interp *interp,<br>
|
|
1156
|
+
int objc,</tt></small></td>
|
|
1157
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
1158
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1159
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1160
|
+
<small><tt> Tcl_Obj *const* objv</tt></small></td>
|
|
1161
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1162
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
1163
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1164
|
+
<td valign="center">4th parameter is an array Tcl_Objs, not an array of strings</td>
|
|
1165
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1166
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1167
|
+
<small><tt>){<br>
|
|
1168
|
+
/* Implementation... */<br>
|
|
1169
|
+
return TCL_OK;<br>
|
|
1170
|
+
}<br>
|
|
1171
|
+
<br>
|
|
1172
|
+
static char zInputLoop[] = <br>
|
|
1173
|
+
/* Tcl code omitted... */<br>
|
|
1174
|
+
;<br>
|
|
1175
|
+
<br>
|
|
1176
|
+
int main(int argc, char **argv){<br>
|
|
1177
|
+
Tcl_Interp *interp;<br>
|
|
1178
|
+
interp = Tcl_CreateInterp();</tt></small></td>
|
|
1179
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
1180
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1181
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1182
|
+
<small><tt> Tcl_CreateObjCommand(interp, "newcmd",<br>
|
|
1183
|
+
NewObjCmd, 0, 0);</tt></small></td>
|
|
1184
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1185
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
1186
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1187
|
+
<td valign="center">Use a different function to register the command</td>
|
|
1188
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1189
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1190
|
+
<small><tt> Tcl_Eval(interp, zInputLoop);<br>
|
|
1191
|
+
return 0;<br>
|
|
1192
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
1193
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
1194
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1195
|
+
</table>
|
|
1196
|
+
|
|
1197
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
1198
|
+
<h2 align="center">The Tcl_Obj Interface</h2>
|
|
1199
|
+
<p><ul><li>There are countless access methods for reading information from and
|
|
1200
|
+
placing information in Tcl_Objs. Always use the access methods.</li></ul><ul><li>Details provided at Lee Bernhard's talk this afternoon.</li></ul><ul><li>Definitely use Tcl_Objs if you are writing a new Tcl extension.</li></ul><ul><li>Tcl_Objs address some of the weaknesses of Tcl relative to C/C++.
|
|
1201
|
+
<ul>
|
|
1202
|
+
<li> Tcl_Objs are faster </li>
|
|
1203
|
+
<li> Tcl_Objs work with binary data </li>
|
|
1204
|
+
</ul>
|
|
1205
|
+
But C/C++ is faster still and better for working with binary data.</li></ul><ul><li>When mixing C/C++ with Tcl/Tk the benefits of Tcl_Objs are
|
|
1206
|
+
less important. Using Tcl_Objs in this context may not be
|
|
1207
|
+
worth the extra trouble.</li></ul><ul><li>This talk will focus on the string interface.</li></ul></p>
|
|
1208
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
1209
|
+
<h2 align="center">Nickel Tour Of The Tcl API</h2>
|
|
1210
|
+
<p><p><b>Memory allocation functions</b></p>
|
|
1211
|
+
<center><table width="90%"><tr>
|
|
1212
|
+
<td width="32%" valign="top"><small><tt>
|
|
1213
|
+
Tcl_Alloc<br>
|
|
1214
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
1215
|
+
<td width="32%" valign="top"><small><tt>
|
|
1216
|
+
Tcl_Free<br>
|
|
1217
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
1218
|
+
<td width="32%" valign="top"><small><tt>
|
|
1219
|
+
Tcl_Realloc<br>
|
|
1220
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
1221
|
+
</table></center><p><b>Functions useful in the implementation of new Tcl commands</b></p>
|
|
1222
|
+
<center><table width="90%"><tr>
|
|
1223
|
+
<td width="32%" valign="top"><small><tt>
|
|
1224
|
+
Tcl_AppendElement<br>
|
|
1225
|
+
Tcl_AppendResult<br>
|
|
1226
|
+
Tcl_GetBoolean<br>
|
|
1227
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
1228
|
+
<td width="32%" valign="top"><small><tt>
|
|
1229
|
+
Tcl_GetDouble<br>
|
|
1230
|
+
Tcl_GetInt<br>
|
|
1231
|
+
Tcl_GetStringResult<br>
|
|
1232
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
1233
|
+
<td width="32%" valign="top"><small><tt>
|
|
1234
|
+
Tcl_ResetResult<br>
|
|
1235
|
+
Tcl_SetResult<br>
|
|
1236
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
1237
|
+
</table></center><p><b>Functions for controlling the Tcl interpreter</b></p>
|
|
1238
|
+
<center><table width="90%"><tr>
|
|
1239
|
+
<td width="32%" valign="top"><small><tt>
|
|
1240
|
+
Tcl_CreateCommand<br>
|
|
1241
|
+
Tcl_CreateInterp<br>
|
|
1242
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
1243
|
+
<td width="32%" valign="top"><small><tt>
|
|
1244
|
+
Tcl_CreateObjCommand<br>
|
|
1245
|
+
Tcl_DeleteCommand<br>
|
|
1246
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
1247
|
+
<td width="32%" valign="top"><small><tt>
|
|
1248
|
+
Tcl_DeleteInterp<br>
|
|
1249
|
+
Tcl_Exit<br>
|
|
1250
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
1251
|
+
</table></center></p>
|
|
1252
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
1253
|
+
<h2 align="center">Nickel Tour Of The Tcl API</h2>
|
|
1254
|
+
<p><p><b>I/O functions</b></p>
|
|
1255
|
+
<center><table width="90%"><tr>
|
|
1256
|
+
<td width="32%" valign="top"><small><tt>
|
|
1257
|
+
Tcl_Close<br>
|
|
1258
|
+
Tcl_Eof<br>
|
|
1259
|
+
Tcl_Flush<br>
|
|
1260
|
+
Tcl_GetChannel<br>
|
|
1261
|
+
Tcl_GetChannelMode<br>
|
|
1262
|
+
Tcl_GetChannelName<br>
|
|
1263
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
1264
|
+
<td width="32%" valign="top"><small><tt>
|
|
1265
|
+
Tcl_Gets<br>
|
|
1266
|
+
Tcl_OpenCommandChannel<br>
|
|
1267
|
+
Tcl_OpenFileChannel<br>
|
|
1268
|
+
Tcl_OpenTcpClient<br>
|
|
1269
|
+
Tcl_OpenTcpServer<br>
|
|
1270
|
+
Tcl_Read<br>
|
|
1271
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
1272
|
+
<td width="32%" valign="top"><small><tt>
|
|
1273
|
+
Tcl_Seek<br>
|
|
1274
|
+
Tcl_Tell<br>
|
|
1275
|
+
Tcl_Ungets<br>
|
|
1276
|
+
Tcl_Write<br>
|
|
1277
|
+
Tcl_WriteChars<br>
|
|
1278
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
1279
|
+
</table></center><p><b>Names and meanings of system error codes</b></p>
|
|
1280
|
+
<center><table width="90%"><tr>
|
|
1281
|
+
<td width="32%" valign="top"><small><tt>
|
|
1282
|
+
Tcl_ErrnoId<br>
|
|
1283
|
+
Tcl_ErrnoMsg<br>
|
|
1284
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
1285
|
+
<td width="32%" valign="top"><small><tt>
|
|
1286
|
+
Tcl_GetErrno<br>
|
|
1287
|
+
Tcl_SetErrno<br>
|
|
1288
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
1289
|
+
<td width="32%" valign="top"><small><tt>
|
|
1290
|
+
Tcl_SignalId<br>
|
|
1291
|
+
Tcl_SignalMsg<br>
|
|
1292
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
1293
|
+
</table></center></p>
|
|
1294
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
1295
|
+
<h2 align="center">Nickel Tour Of The Tcl API</h2>
|
|
1296
|
+
<p><p><b>General Operating System Calls</b></p>
|
|
1297
|
+
<center><table width="90%"><tr>
|
|
1298
|
+
<td width="32%" valign="top"><small><tt>
|
|
1299
|
+
Tcl_Access<br>
|
|
1300
|
+
Tcl_Chdir<br>
|
|
1301
|
+
Tcl_GetCwd<br>
|
|
1302
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
1303
|
+
<td width="32%" valign="top"><small><tt>
|
|
1304
|
+
Tcl_GetHostName<br>
|
|
1305
|
+
Tcl_GetNameOfExecutable<br>
|
|
1306
|
+
Tcl_Sleep<br>
|
|
1307
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
1308
|
+
<td width="32%" valign="top"><small><tt>
|
|
1309
|
+
Tcl_Stat<br>
|
|
1310
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
1311
|
+
</table></center><p><b>String Manipulation And Comparison</b></p>
|
|
1312
|
+
<center><table width="90%"><tr>
|
|
1313
|
+
<td width="32%" valign="top"><small><tt>
|
|
1314
|
+
Tcl_Concat<br>
|
|
1315
|
+
Tcl_Merge<br>
|
|
1316
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
1317
|
+
<td width="32%" valign="top"><small><tt>
|
|
1318
|
+
Tcl_SplitList<br>
|
|
1319
|
+
Tcl_StringCaseMatch<br>
|
|
1320
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
1321
|
+
<td width="32%" valign="top"><small><tt>
|
|
1322
|
+
Tcl_StringMatch<br>
|
|
1323
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
1324
|
+
</table></center><p><b>Dynamically Resizable Strings</b></p>
|
|
1325
|
+
<center><table width="90%"><tr>
|
|
1326
|
+
<td width="49%" valign="top"><small><tt>
|
|
1327
|
+
Tcl_DStringAppend<br>
|
|
1328
|
+
Tcl_DStringAppendElement<br>
|
|
1329
|
+
Tcl_DStringEndSublist<br>
|
|
1330
|
+
Tcl_DStringInit<br>
|
|
1331
|
+
Tcl_DStringLength<br>
|
|
1332
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
1333
|
+
<td width="49%" valign="top"><small><tt>
|
|
1334
|
+
Tcl_DStringResult<br>
|
|
1335
|
+
Tcl_DStringSetLength<br>
|
|
1336
|
+
Tcl_DStringStartSublist<br>
|
|
1337
|
+
Tcl_DStringValue<br>
|
|
1338
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
1339
|
+
</table></center></p>
|
|
1340
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
1341
|
+
<h2 align="center">Nickel Tour Of The Tcl API</h2>
|
|
1342
|
+
<p><p><b>Event Handlers</b></p>
|
|
1343
|
+
<center><table width="90%"><tr>
|
|
1344
|
+
<td width="49%" valign="top"><small><tt>
|
|
1345
|
+
Tcl_CancelIdleCall<br>
|
|
1346
|
+
Tcl_CreateChannelHandler<br>
|
|
1347
|
+
Tcl_CreateTimerHandler<br>
|
|
1348
|
+
Tcl_DeleteChannelHandler<br>
|
|
1349
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
1350
|
+
<td width="49%" valign="top"><small><tt>
|
|
1351
|
+
Tcl_DeleteTimerHandler<br>
|
|
1352
|
+
Tcl_DoOneEvent<br>
|
|
1353
|
+
Tcl_DoWhenIdle<br>
|
|
1354
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
1355
|
+
</table></center><p><b>Functions For Reading And Writing Tcl Variables</b></p>
|
|
1356
|
+
<center><table width="90%"><tr>
|
|
1357
|
+
<td width="32%" valign="top"><small><tt>
|
|
1358
|
+
Tcl_GetVar<br>
|
|
1359
|
+
Tcl_GetVar2<br>
|
|
1360
|
+
Tcl_LinkVar<br>
|
|
1361
|
+
Tcl_SetVar<br>
|
|
1362
|
+
Tcl_SetVar2<br>
|
|
1363
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
1364
|
+
<td width="32%" valign="top"><small><tt>
|
|
1365
|
+
Tcl_TraceVar<br>
|
|
1366
|
+
Tcl_TraceVar2<br>
|
|
1367
|
+
Tcl_UnlinkVar<br>
|
|
1368
|
+
Tcl_UnsetVar<br>
|
|
1369
|
+
Tcl_UnsetVar2<br>
|
|
1370
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
1371
|
+
<td width="32%" valign="top"><small><tt>
|
|
1372
|
+
Tcl_UntraceVar<br>
|
|
1373
|
+
Tcl_UntraceVar2<br>
|
|
1374
|
+
Tcl_UpdateLinkedVar<br>
|
|
1375
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
1376
|
+
</table></center><p><b>Functions For Executing Tcl Code</b></p>
|
|
1377
|
+
<center><table width="90%"><tr>
|
|
1378
|
+
<td width="32%" valign="top"><small><tt>
|
|
1379
|
+
Tcl_Eval<br>
|
|
1380
|
+
Tcl_EvalFile<br>
|
|
1381
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
1382
|
+
<td width="32%" valign="top"><small><tt>
|
|
1383
|
+
Tcl_EvalObj<br>
|
|
1384
|
+
Tcl_GlobalEval<br>
|
|
1385
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
1386
|
+
<td width="32%" valign="top"><small><tt>
|
|
1387
|
+
Tcl_GlobalEvalObj<br>
|
|
1388
|
+
Tcl_VarEval<br>
|
|
1389
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
1390
|
+
</table></center></p>
|
|
1391
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
1392
|
+
<h2 align="center">Nickel Tour Of The Tcl API</h2>
|
|
1393
|
+
<p><p><b>Functions For Dealing With Unicode</b></p>
|
|
1394
|
+
<center><table width="90%"><tr>
|
|
1395
|
+
<td width="49%" valign="top"><small><tt>
|
|
1396
|
+
Tcl_NumUtfChars<br>
|
|
1397
|
+
Tcl_UniCharAtIndex<br>
|
|
1398
|
+
Tcl_UniCharIsAlnum<br>
|
|
1399
|
+
Tcl_UniCharIsAlpha<br>
|
|
1400
|
+
Tcl_UniCharIsControl<br>
|
|
1401
|
+
Tcl_UniCharIsDigit<br>
|
|
1402
|
+
Tcl_UniCharIsGraph<br>
|
|
1403
|
+
Tcl_UniCharIsLower<br>
|
|
1404
|
+
Tcl_UniCharIsPrint<br>
|
|
1405
|
+
Tcl_UniCharIsPunct<br>
|
|
1406
|
+
Tcl_UniCharIsSpace<br>
|
|
1407
|
+
Tcl_UniCharIsUpper<br>
|
|
1408
|
+
Tcl_UniCharIsWordChar<br>
|
|
1409
|
+
Tcl_UniCharLen<br>
|
|
1410
|
+
Tcl_UniCharNcmp<br>
|
|
1411
|
+
Tcl_UniCharToLower<br>
|
|
1412
|
+
Tcl_UniCharToTitle<br>
|
|
1413
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
1414
|
+
<td width="49%" valign="top"><small><tt>
|
|
1415
|
+
Tcl_UniCharToUpper<br>
|
|
1416
|
+
Tcl_UniCharToUtf<br>
|
|
1417
|
+
Tcl_UniCharToUtfDString<br>
|
|
1418
|
+
Tcl_UtfAtIndex<br>
|
|
1419
|
+
Tcl_UtfBackslash<br>
|
|
1420
|
+
Tcl_UtfCharComplete<br>
|
|
1421
|
+
Tcl_UtfFindFirst<br>
|
|
1422
|
+
Tcl_UtfFindLast<br>
|
|
1423
|
+
Tcl_UtfNcasecmp<br>
|
|
1424
|
+
Tcl_UtfNcmp<br>
|
|
1425
|
+
Tcl_UtfNext<br>
|
|
1426
|
+
Tcl_UtfPrev<br>
|
|
1427
|
+
Tcl_UtfToLower<br>
|
|
1428
|
+
Tcl_UtfToTitle<br>
|
|
1429
|
+
Tcl_UtfToUniChar<br>
|
|
1430
|
+
Tcl_UtfToUniCharDString<br>
|
|
1431
|
+
Tcl_UtfToUpper<br>
|
|
1432
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
1433
|
+
</table></center>
|
|
1434
|
+
<p><b>Functions For Dealing With Tcl_Objs</b></p>
|
|
1435
|
+
<blockquote><i>Too numerous to list...</i></blockquote></p>
|
|
1436
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
1437
|
+
<h2 align="center">Documentation Of The Tcl API</h2>
|
|
1438
|
+
<p><ul><li>Tcl comes with excellent man pages</li></ul><ul><li>"Use the source, Luke"</li></ul><ul><li>See <tt>tclDecl.h</tt> for a list of API functions</li></ul><ul><li>The header comments on the implementation of API functions usually
|
|
1439
|
+
gives a good description of what the function does and how it should
|
|
1440
|
+
be used.</li></ul><ul><li>Most API functions are used within Tcl and Tk. Use grep to locate
|
|
1441
|
+
examples.</li></ul></p>
|
|
1442
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
1443
|
+
<h2 align="center">Initialization Scripts</h2>
|
|
1444
|
+
<p><ul><li>Run the mini TCLSH implemented above and execute the <tt>parray</tt> command</li></ul><ul><li>It doesn't work! What's wrong? </p></li></li></ul><ul><li><tt>parray</tt> is really a Tcl proc that is read in when the
|
|
1445
|
+
interpreter is initialized. </p></li></li></ul><ul><li><tt>parray</tt> (and several other commands) are stored in a
|
|
1446
|
+
handful of "Initialization Scripts" </p></li></li></ul><ul><li>All the initialization scripts are stored in the
|
|
1447
|
+
"Tcl Library" - a directory on the host
|
|
1448
|
+
computer. </p></li></li></ul><table><tr><td valign="top"><img src="image3"></td>
|
|
1449
|
+
<td valign="top"><b>Invoke the Tcl_Init() function to locate and read the
|
|
1450
|
+
Tcl initialization scripts.</b></td></tr></table></p>
|
|
1451
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
1452
|
+
<h2 align="center">The <tt>Tcl_Init()</tt> Function</h2>
|
|
1453
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
1454
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1455
|
+
<small><tt>#include <tcl.h><br>
|
|
1456
|
+
<br>
|
|
1457
|
+
static char zInputLoop[] = <br>
|
|
1458
|
+
/* Tcl code omitted... */<br>
|
|
1459
|
+
;<br>
|
|
1460
|
+
<br>
|
|
1461
|
+
int main(int argc, char **argv){<br>
|
|
1462
|
+
Tcl_Interp *interp;<br>
|
|
1463
|
+
interp = Tcl_CreateInterp();</tt></small></td>
|
|
1464
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
1465
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1466
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1467
|
+
<small><tt> Tcl_Init(interp);</tt></small></td>
|
|
1468
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1469
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
1470
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1471
|
+
<td valign="center">Locate and read the initialization scripts</td>
|
|
1472
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1473
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1474
|
+
<small><tt> /* Call Tcl_CreateCommand()? */<br>
|
|
1475
|
+
Tcl_Eval(interp, zInputLoop);<br>
|
|
1476
|
+
return 0;<br>
|
|
1477
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
1478
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
1479
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1480
|
+
</table>
|
|
1481
|
+
<p><table><tr><td valign="top"><img src="image3"></td>
|
|
1482
|
+
<td valign="top"><b>But Tcl_Init() can fail. We need to check its return value...</b></td></tr></table>
|
|
1483
|
+
</p>
|
|
1484
|
+
|
|
1485
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
1486
|
+
<h2 align="center">The <tt>Tcl_Init()</tt> Function</h2>
|
|
1487
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
1488
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1489
|
+
<small><tt>#include <tcl.h><br>
|
|
1490
|
+
<br>
|
|
1491
|
+
static char zInputLoop[] = <br>
|
|
1492
|
+
/* Tcl code omitted... */<br>
|
|
1493
|
+
;<br>
|
|
1494
|
+
<br>
|
|
1495
|
+
int main(int argc, char **argv){<br>
|
|
1496
|
+
Tcl_Interp *interp;<br>
|
|
1497
|
+
interp = Tcl_CreateInterp();</tt></small></td>
|
|
1498
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
1499
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1500
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1501
|
+
<small><tt> if( Tcl_Init(interp)!=TCL_OK ){<br>
|
|
1502
|
+
fprintf(stderr,"Tcl_Init() failed: ����P�X�",<br>
|
|
1503
|
+
Tcl_GetStringResult(interp));<br>
|
|
1504
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
1505
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1506
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
1507
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1508
|
+
<td valign="center">Print error message if Tcl_Init() fails</td>
|
|
1509
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1510
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1511
|
+
<small><tt> /* Call Tcl_CreateCommand()? */<br>
|
|
1512
|
+
Tcl_Eval(interp, zInputLoop);<br>
|
|
1513
|
+
return 0;<br>
|
|
1514
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
1515
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
1516
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1517
|
+
</table>
|
|
1518
|
+
<p><table><tr><td valign="top"><img src="image3"></td>
|
|
1519
|
+
<td valign="top"><b>But now the program is not standalone.</b></td></tr></table>
|
|
1520
|
+
</p>
|
|
1521
|
+
|
|
1522
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
1523
|
+
<h2 align="center">How <tt>Tcl_Init()</tt> Works</h2>
|
|
1524
|
+
<p><ul><li>Computes the value of variable <tt>tcl_libPath</tt>.</li></ul><ul><li>Invokes the procedure named "<tt>tclInit</tt>"</li></ul><ul><li>A default <tt>tclInit</tt> procedure is built into Tcl.
|
|
1525
|
+
You can define an alternative <tt>tclInit</tt> procedure
|
|
1526
|
+
prior to calling <tt>Tcl_Init()</tt>.</li></ul></p>
|
|
1527
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
1528
|
+
<h2 align="center">The Default <tt>initTcl</tt> Procedure</h2>
|
|
1529
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
1530
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1531
|
+
<small><tt>set errors {}<br>
|
|
1532
|
+
set dirs {}<br>
|
|
1533
|
+
if {[info exists tcl_library]} {<br>
|
|
1534
|
+
lappend dirs $tcl_library<br>
|
|
1535
|
+
} else {<br>
|
|
1536
|
+
if {[info exists env(TCL_LIBRARY)]} {<br>
|
|
1537
|
+
lappend dirs $env(TCL_LIBRARY)<br>
|
|
1538
|
+
}<br>
|
|
1539
|
+
lappend dirs $tclDefaultLibrary<br>
|
|
1540
|
+
unset tclDefaultLibrary<br>
|
|
1541
|
+
set dirs [concat $dirs $tcl_libPath]<br>
|
|
1542
|
+
}<br>
|
|
1543
|
+
foreach i $dirs {<br>
|
|
1544
|
+
set tcl_library $i<br>
|
|
1545
|
+
set tclfile [file join $i init.tcl]<br>
|
|
1546
|
+
if {[file exists $tclfile]} {<br>
|
|
1547
|
+
if {![catch {uplevel #0 [list source $tclfile]} msg]} {<br>
|
|
1548
|
+
return<br>
|
|
1549
|
+
} else {<br>
|
|
1550
|
+
append errors "$tclfile: $msg\n$errorInfo\n"<br>
|
|
1551
|
+
}<br>
|
|
1552
|
+
}<br>
|
|
1553
|
+
}<br>
|
|
1554
|
+
error "Can't find a usable init.tcl ..."</tt></small></td>
|
|
1555
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
1556
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1557
|
+
</table>
|
|
1558
|
+
|
|
1559
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
1560
|
+
<h2 align="center">The Default Initialization Sequence</h2>
|
|
1561
|
+
<p><ul><li>The <tt>tclInit</tt> procedure locates and sources the <tt>init.tcl</tt>
|
|
1562
|
+
script. The directory that contains <tt>init.tcl</tt> is stored in
|
|
1563
|
+
the <tt>tcl_library</tt> variable.</li></ul><ul><li>The <tt>init.tcl</tt> script creates an <tt>unknown</tt> procedure.
|
|
1564
|
+
The <tt>unknown</tt> procedure will run whenever Tcl encounters an
|
|
1565
|
+
unknown command.</li></ul><ul><li>The <tt>unknown</tt> procedure consults the file <tt>tclIndex</tt> in the
|
|
1566
|
+
<tt>tcl_library</tt> directory to see if the command is defined by one of
|
|
1567
|
+
the initialization scripts.</li></ul><ul><li>The <tt>unknown</tt> procedure sources any needed initialization scripts
|
|
1568
|
+
and retries the command.</li></ul><table><tr><td valign="top"><img src="image3"></td>
|
|
1569
|
+
<td valign="top"><b>Commands defined in the initialization scripts are loaded
|
|
1570
|
+
on demand.</b></td></tr></table></p>
|
|
1571
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
1572
|
+
<h2 align="center">Standalone Initialization Techniques</h2>
|
|
1573
|
+
<p><p><b>Manually execute all initialization scripts</b></p>
|
|
1574
|
+
<ul><li>Convert all initialization scripts into C strings and
|
|
1575
|
+
put them in the executable.</li></ul><ul><li>Call <tt>Tcl_Eval()</tt> on each initialization script and omit the
|
|
1576
|
+
call to <tt>Tcl_Init()</tt></li></ul><ul><li>Or, redefine <tt>tclInit</tt> so that it does not attempt to source
|
|
1577
|
+
<tt>init.tcl</tt> then call <tt>Tcl_Eval()</tt> on each initialization
|
|
1578
|
+
script after <tt>Tcl_Init()</tt> returns.</li></ul><table><tr><td valign="top"><img src="image3"></td>
|
|
1579
|
+
<td valign="top"><b>This approach is not recommended</b></td></tr></table></p>
|
|
1580
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
1581
|
+
<h2 align="center">Standalone Initialization Techniques</h2>
|
|
1582
|
+
<p><p><b>Redefining the builtin <tt>source</tt> command</b></p>
|
|
1583
|
+
<ul><li>Convert all initialization scripts into C strings and
|
|
1584
|
+
put them in the executable.</li></ul><ul><li>Create a new <tt>source</tt> command that
|
|
1585
|
+
calls <tt>Tcl_Eval()</tt> on the appropriate built-in string
|
|
1586
|
+
instead of reading from the disk.</li></ul><ul><li>Read from disk if the named file is not one that is built in.</li></ul></p>
|
|
1587
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
1588
|
+
<h2 align="center">Redefining <tt>source</tt></h2>
|
|
1589
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
1590
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1591
|
+
<small><tt>static char zInitTcl[] = "...";<br>
|
|
1592
|
+
static char zParrayTcl[] = "...";</tt></small></td>
|
|
1593
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1594
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
1595
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1596
|
+
<td valign="center">Scripts <tt>init.tcl</tt> and <tt>parray.tcl</tt></td>
|
|
1597
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1598
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1599
|
+
<small><tt><br>
|
|
1600
|
+
int NewSourceCmd(TCLARGS){</tt></small></td>
|
|
1601
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
1602
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1603
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1604
|
+
<small><tt> if( !strcmp(argv[1],"/builtin/init.tcl") )<br>
|
|
1605
|
+
return Tcl_Eval(interp, zInitTcl);<br>
|
|
1606
|
+
if( !strcmp(argv[1],"/builtin/parray.tcl") )<br>
|
|
1607
|
+
return Tcl_Eval(interp, zParrayTcl);</tt></small></td>
|
|
1608
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1609
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
1610
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1611
|
+
<td valign="center">Call <tt>Tcl_Eval()</tt> on builtin strings if the names match</td>
|
|
1612
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1613
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1614
|
+
<small><tt> return Tcl_EvalFile(interp, argv[1]);</tt></small></td>
|
|
1615
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1616
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
1617
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1618
|
+
<td valign="center">Call <tt>Tcl_EvalFile()</tt> if no match</td>
|
|
1619
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1620
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1621
|
+
<small><tt>}<br>
|
|
1622
|
+
<br>
|
|
1623
|
+
int main(int argc, char **argv){<br>
|
|
1624
|
+
Tcl_Interp *interp;</tt></small></td>
|
|
1625
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
1626
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1627
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1628
|
+
<small><tt> setenv("TCL_LIBRARY","/builtin");</tt></small></td>
|
|
1629
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1630
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
1631
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1632
|
+
<td valign="center">Causes <tt>tclInit</tt> to look for <tt>init.tcl</tt> in <tt>/builtin</tt></td>
|
|
1633
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1634
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1635
|
+
<small><tt> interp = Tcl_CreateInterp();</tt></small></td>
|
|
1636
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
1637
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1638
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1639
|
+
<small><tt> Tcl_CreateCommand(interp, "source",<br>
|
|
1640
|
+
NewSourceCmd, 0, 0);</tt></small></td>
|
|
1641
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1642
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
1643
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1644
|
+
<td valign="center">Redefine <tt>source</tt></td>
|
|
1645
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1646
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1647
|
+
<small><tt> Tcl_Init(interp);<br>
|
|
1648
|
+
Tcl_Eval(interp, zInputLoop);<br>
|
|
1649
|
+
return 0;<br>
|
|
1650
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
1651
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
1652
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1653
|
+
</table>
|
|
1654
|
+
|
|
1655
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
1656
|
+
<h2 align="center">Redefining <tt>source</tt></h2>
|
|
1657
|
+
<p><ul><li>This approach works for all versions of Tcl and Tk.</li></ul><ul><li>Also need to redefine the "<tt>file exists</tt>" Tcl command since it
|
|
1658
|
+
too is used by <tt>tclInit</tt>.</li></ul><ul><li>To verify that the program is really standalone, remove the call
|
|
1659
|
+
to <tt>Tcl_EvalFile()</tt>.</li></ul></p>
|
|
1660
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
1661
|
+
<h2 align="center">Standalone Initialization Techniques</h2>
|
|
1662
|
+
<p><p><b>Use the <tt>Tcl</tt>*<tt>InsertProc()</tt> functions</b></p>
|
|
1663
|
+
<ul><li>Three routines that overload basic file I/O operations:
|
|
1664
|
+
<ul>
|
|
1665
|
+
<li> <tt>TclStatInsertProc()</tt> </li>
|
|
1666
|
+
<li> <tt>TclAccessInsertProc()</tt> </li>
|
|
1667
|
+
<li> <tt>TclOpenFileChannelInsertProc()</tt> </li>
|
|
1668
|
+
</ul></li></ul><ul><li>Allows us to implement a virtual filesystem that overlays the
|
|
1669
|
+
real filesystem.</li></ul><ul><li>The virtual filesystem contains all the initialization scripts
|
|
1670
|
+
as compiled-in strings. The initialization scripts look like
|
|
1671
|
+
they are resident on disk even though they are built in.</li></ul><ul><li>These functions first appeared in Tcl8.0.3.
|
|
1672
|
+
Presumably to support TclPro Wrapper.</li></ul><ul><li>The only documentation is comments on the code.
|
|
1673
|
+
See the Tcl source file <tt>generic/tclIOUtil.c</tt></li></ul></p>
|
|
1674
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
1675
|
+
<h2 align="center">The <tt>TclStatInsertProc()</tt> Function</h2>
|
|
1676
|
+
<p><ul><li>Sole argument is a pointer to a function whose interface is the
|
|
1677
|
+
same as <tt>stat()</tt></li></ul><ul><li>Functions are stacked. Tcl tries each <tt>stat</tt> function on the
|
|
1678
|
+
list, beginning with the most recently inserted, until one succeeds.</li></ul></p>
|
|
1679
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
1680
|
+
<h2 align="center">The <tt>TclStatInsertProc()</tt> Function</h2>
|
|
1681
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
1682
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1683
|
+
<small><tt>#include <tclInt.h></tt></small></td>
|
|
1684
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1685
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
1686
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1687
|
+
<td valign="center">Rather than <tt><tcl.h></tt>!</td>
|
|
1688
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1689
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1690
|
+
<small><tt><br>
|
|
1691
|
+
static int<br>
|
|
1692
|
+
BltinFileStat(char *path,struct stat *buf){<br>
|
|
1693
|
+
char *zData;<br>
|
|
1694
|
+
int nData;</tt></small></td>
|
|
1695
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
1696
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1697
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1698
|
+
<small><tt> zData = FindBuiltinFile(path, 0, &nData);</tt></small></td>
|
|
1699
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1700
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
1701
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1702
|
+
<td valign="center">Check if <tt>path</tt> is a builtin</td>
|
|
1703
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1704
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1705
|
+
<small><tt> if( zData==0 ){<br>
|
|
1706
|
+
return -1;<br>
|
|
1707
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
1708
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1709
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
1710
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1711
|
+
<td valign="center">Fail if <tt>path</tt> is not a builtin</td>
|
|
1712
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1713
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1714
|
+
<small><tt> memset(buf, 0, sizeof(*buf));<br>
|
|
1715
|
+
buf->st_mode = 0400;<br>
|
|
1716
|
+
buf->st_size = nData;</tt></small></td>
|
|
1717
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
1718
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1719
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1720
|
+
<small><tt> return 0;</tt></small></td>
|
|
1721
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1722
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
1723
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1724
|
+
<td valign="center">Success if it is builtin</td>
|
|
1725
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1726
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1727
|
+
<small><tt>}<br>
|
|
1728
|
+
<br>
|
|
1729
|
+
int main(int argc, char **argv){<br>
|
|
1730
|
+
Tcl_Interp *interp;</tt></small></td>
|
|
1731
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
1732
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1733
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1734
|
+
<small><tt> TclStatInsertProc(BltinFileStat);</tt></small></td>
|
|
1735
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1736
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
1737
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1738
|
+
<td valign="center">Register new <tt>stat</tt> function</td>
|
|
1739
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1740
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1741
|
+
<small><tt> interp = Tcl_CreateInterp();<br>
|
|
1742
|
+
Tcl_Init(interp);<br>
|
|
1743
|
+
Tcl_Eval(interp, zInputLoop);<br>
|
|
1744
|
+
return 0;<br>
|
|
1745
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
1746
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
1747
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1748
|
+
</table>
|
|
1749
|
+
|
|
1750
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
1751
|
+
<h2 align="center">The <tt>TclAccessInsertProc()</tt> Function</h2>
|
|
1752
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
1753
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1754
|
+
<small><tt>#include <tclInt.h></tt></small></td>
|
|
1755
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1756
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
1757
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1758
|
+
<td valign="center">Rather than <tt><tcl.h></tt>!</td>
|
|
1759
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1760
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1761
|
+
<small><tt><br>
|
|
1762
|
+
/* BltinFileStat() not shown... */<br>
|
|
1763
|
+
<br>
|
|
1764
|
+
static int<br>
|
|
1765
|
+
BltinFileAccess(char *path, int mode){<br>
|
|
1766
|
+
char *zData;</tt></small></td>
|
|
1767
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
1768
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1769
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1770
|
+
<small><tt> if( mode & 3 ) return -1;</tt></small></td>
|
|
1771
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1772
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
1773
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1774
|
+
<td valign="center">All builtins are read-only</td>
|
|
1775
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1776
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1777
|
+
<small><tt> zData = FindBuiltinFile(path, 0, &nData);</tt></small></td>
|
|
1778
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1779
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
1780
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1781
|
+
<td valign="center">Check if <tt>path</tt> is a builtin</td>
|
|
1782
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1783
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1784
|
+
<small><tt> if( zData==0 ) return -1;</tt></small></td>
|
|
1785
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1786
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
1787
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1788
|
+
<td valign="center">Fail if <tt>path</tt> is not a builtin</td>
|
|
1789
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1790
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1791
|
+
<small><tt> return 0;</tt></small></td>
|
|
1792
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1793
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
1794
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1795
|
+
<td valign="center">Success if it is builtin</td>
|
|
1796
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1797
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1798
|
+
<small><tt>}<br>
|
|
1799
|
+
<br>
|
|
1800
|
+
int main(int argc, char **argv){<br>
|
|
1801
|
+
Tcl_Interp *interp;</tt></small></td>
|
|
1802
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
1803
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1804
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1805
|
+
<small><tt> TclStatInsertProc(BltinFileStat);<br>
|
|
1806
|
+
TclAccessInsertProc(BltinFileAccess);</tt></small></td>
|
|
1807
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1808
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
1809
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1810
|
+
<td valign="center">Register new <tt>stat</tt> and <tt>access</tt> functions</td>
|
|
1811
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1812
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1813
|
+
<small><tt> interp = Tcl_CreateInterp();<br>
|
|
1814
|
+
Tcl_Init(interp);<br>
|
|
1815
|
+
Tcl_Eval(interp, zInputLoop);<br>
|
|
1816
|
+
return 0;<br>
|
|
1817
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
1818
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
1819
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1820
|
+
</table>
|
|
1821
|
+
|
|
1822
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
1823
|
+
<h2 align="center">The <tt>TclOpenFileChannelInsertProc()</tt> Function</h2>
|
|
1824
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
1825
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1826
|
+
<small><tt>static Tcl_Channel BuiltinFileOpen(<br>
|
|
1827
|
+
Tcl_Interp *interp, /* The TCL interpreter doing the open */<br>
|
|
1828
|
+
char *zFilename, /* Name of the file to open */<br>
|
|
1829
|
+
char *modeString, /* Mode string for the open (ignored) */<br>
|
|
1830
|
+
int permissions /* Permissions for a newly created file (ignored) */<br>
|
|
1831
|
+
){<br>
|
|
1832
|
+
char *zData;<br>
|
|
1833
|
+
BuiltinFileStruct *p;<br>
|
|
1834
|
+
int nData;<br>
|
|
1835
|
+
char zName[50];<br>
|
|
1836
|
+
Tcl_Channel chan;<br>
|
|
1837
|
+
static int count = 1;<br>
|
|
1838
|
+
<br>
|
|
1839
|
+
zData = FindBuiltinFile(zFilename, 1, &nData);<br>
|
|
1840
|
+
if( zData==0 ) return NULL;<br>
|
|
1841
|
+
p = (BuiltinFileStruct*)Tcl_Alloc( sizeof(BuiltinFileStruct) );<br>
|
|
1842
|
+
if( p==0 ) return NULL;<br>
|
|
1843
|
+
p->zData = zData;<br>
|
|
1844
|
+
p->nData = nData;<br>
|
|
1845
|
+
p->cursor = 0;<br>
|
|
1846
|
+
sprintf(zName,"etbi_bffffc7c_8049b04",((int)BuiltinFileOpen)>>12,count++);<br>
|
|
1847
|
+
chan = Tcl_CreateChannel(&builtinChannelType, zName, <br>
|
|
1848
|
+
(ClientData)p, TCL_READABLE);<br>
|
|
1849
|
+
return chan;<br>
|
|
1850
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
1851
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
1852
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1853
|
+
</table>
|
|
1854
|
+
|
|
1855
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
1856
|
+
<h2 align="center">The <tt>TclOpenFileChannelInsertProc()</tt> Function</h2>
|
|
1857
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
1858
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1859
|
+
<small><tt>static Tcl_ChannelType builtinChannelType = {<br>
|
|
1860
|
+
"builtin", /* Type name. */<br>
|
|
1861
|
+
NULL, /* Always non-blocking.*/<br>
|
|
1862
|
+
BuiltinFileClose, /* Close proc. */<br>
|
|
1863
|
+
BuiltinFileInput, /* Input proc. */<br>
|
|
1864
|
+
BuiltinFileOutput, /* Output proc. */<br>
|
|
1865
|
+
BuiltinFileSeek, /* Seek proc. */<br>
|
|
1866
|
+
NULL, /* Set option proc. */<br>
|
|
1867
|
+
NULL, /* Get option proc. */<br>
|
|
1868
|
+
BuiltinFileWatch, /* Watch for events on console. */<br>
|
|
1869
|
+
BuiltinFileHandle, /* Get a handle from the device. */<br>
|
|
1870
|
+
};</tt></small></td>
|
|
1871
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
1872
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1873
|
+
</table>
|
|
1874
|
+
<p>
|
|
1875
|
+
<p>For additional information see:</p>
|
|
1876
|
+
<ul>
|
|
1877
|
+
<li>The man page for <tt>Tcl_CreateChannel()</tt></li>
|
|
1878
|
+
<li>Tk source code file <tt>generic/tkConsole.c</tt></li>
|
|
1879
|
+
</ul>
|
|
1880
|
+
</p>
|
|
1881
|
+
|
|
1882
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
1883
|
+
<h2 align="center">Initializing Tk</h2>
|
|
1884
|
+
<p><ul><li>All the same initialization script issues as Tcl</li></ul><ul><li>Tk initialization scripts are in a different directory
|
|
1885
|
+
than the Tcl initialization scripts - the "Tk Library"</li></ul><ul><li>Call <tt>Tk_Init()</tt> after <tt>Tcl_Init()</tt></li></ul><ul><li>Must have an event loop or Tk will not work!</li></ul></p>
|
|
1886
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
1887
|
+
<h2 align="center">Implementing An Event Loop</h2>
|
|
1888
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
1889
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1890
|
+
<small><tt>button .b -text Hello -command exit<br>
|
|
1891
|
+
pack .b</tt></small></td>
|
|
1892
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1893
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
1894
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1895
|
+
<td valign="center">Create a Tk interface</td>
|
|
1896
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1897
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1898
|
+
<small><tt><br>
|
|
1899
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
1900
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
1901
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1902
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1903
|
+
<small><tt>bind . <Destroy> {<br>
|
|
1904
|
+
if {![winfo exists .]} exit<br>
|
|
1905
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
1906
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1907
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
1908
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1909
|
+
<td valign="center">Close the application when the main window
|
|
1910
|
+
is destroyed</td>
|
|
1911
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1912
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1913
|
+
<small><tt><br>
|
|
1914
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
1915
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
1916
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1917
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1918
|
+
<small><tt>while 1 {vwait forever}</tt></small></td>
|
|
1919
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1920
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
1921
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1922
|
+
<td valign="center">The event loop</td>
|
|
1923
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1924
|
+
</table>
|
|
1925
|
+
|
|
1926
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
1927
|
+
<h2 align="center">"Hello, World!" Using Tk</h2>
|
|
1928
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
1929
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1930
|
+
<small><tt>#include <tk.h><br>
|
|
1931
|
+
<br>
|
|
1932
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
1933
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
1934
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1935
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1936
|
+
<small><tt>static char zHello[] = </tt></small></td>
|
|
1937
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1938
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
1939
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1940
|
+
<td valign="center">The application code</td>
|
|
1941
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1942
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1943
|
+
<small><tt> "button .b "<br>
|
|
1944
|
+
"-text {Hello, World} "<br>
|
|
1945
|
+
"-command exit\n"<br>
|
|
1946
|
+
"pack .b\n";<br>
|
|
1947
|
+
<br>
|
|
1948
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
1949
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
1950
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1951
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1952
|
+
<small><tt>static char zEventLoop[] =</tt></small></td>
|
|
1953
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1954
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
1955
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1956
|
+
<td valign="center">The event loop</td>
|
|
1957
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1958
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1959
|
+
<small><tt> "bind . <Destroy> {\n"<br>
|
|
1960
|
+
" if {![winfo exists .]} exit\n"<br>
|
|
1961
|
+
"}\n"<br>
|
|
1962
|
+
"while 1 {vwait forever}\n";<br>
|
|
1963
|
+
<br>
|
|
1964
|
+
<br>
|
|
1965
|
+
int main(int argc, char **argv){<br>
|
|
1966
|
+
Tcl_Interp *interp;<br>
|
|
1967
|
+
interp = Tcl_CreateInterp();</tt></small></td>
|
|
1968
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
1969
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1970
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1971
|
+
<small><tt> Tcl_Init(interp);<br>
|
|
1972
|
+
Tk_Init(interp);</tt></small></td>
|
|
1973
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1974
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
1975
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1976
|
+
<td valign="center">We really should check the return values of the init functions...</td>
|
|
1977
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1978
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1979
|
+
<small><tt> Tcl_Eval(interp, zHello);</tt></small></td>
|
|
1980
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
1981
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1982
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1983
|
+
<small><tt> Tcl_Eval(interp, zEventLoop);</tt></small></td>
|
|
1984
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1985
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
1986
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
1987
|
+
<td valign="center">The event loop never returns</td>
|
|
1988
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1989
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
1990
|
+
<small><tt> /*NOTREACHED*/<br>
|
|
1991
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
1992
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
1993
|
+
</tr>
|
|
1994
|
+
</table>
|
|
1995
|
+
|
|
1996
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
1997
|
+
<h2 align="center">Compiling "Hello, World!" For Tk</h2>
|
|
1998
|
+
<p><p><b>Unix:</b></p>
|
|
1999
|
+
<blockquote><pre>
|
|
2000
|
+
$ gcc hello.c -ltk -L/usr/X11R6/lib \
|
|
2001
|
+
-lX11 -ltcl -lm -ldl
|
|
2002
|
+
$ ./a.out</pre></blockquote>
|
|
2003
|
+
|
|
2004
|
+
<p><b>Windows using Cygwin:</b></p>
|
|
2005
|
+
<blockquote><pre>
|
|
2006
|
+
C:> gcc hello.c -mwindows -ltk80 -ltcl80 -lm
|
|
2007
|
+
C:> a.exe</pre></blockquote>
|
|
2008
|
+
|
|
2009
|
+
<p><b>Windows using Mingw32:</b></p>
|
|
2010
|
+
<blockquote><pre>
|
|
2011
|
+
C:> gcc -mno-cygwin hello.c -mwindows \
|
|
2012
|
+
-ltk82 -ltcl82 -lm
|
|
2013
|
+
C:> a.exe</pre></blockquote></p>
|
|
2014
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
2015
|
+
<h2 align="center">Making The Program Standalone</h2>
|
|
2016
|
+
<p><p>To make a Tcl application standalone you have to convert the following
|
|
2017
|
+
initialization scripts to C strings and compile them into the
|
|
2018
|
+
executable:</p>
|
|
2019
|
+
<table><tr>
|
|
2020
|
+
<td valign="top"><tt>
|
|
2021
|
+
auto.tcl<br>
|
|
2022
|
+
history.tcl<br>
|
|
2023
|
+
init.tcl
|
|
2024
|
+
</tt></td>
|
|
2025
|
+
<td valign="top"><tt>
|
|
2026
|
+
ldAout.tcl<br>
|
|
2027
|
+
package.tcl
|
|
2028
|
+
</tt></td>
|
|
2029
|
+
<td valign="top"><tt>
|
|
2030
|
+
parray.tcl<br>
|
|
2031
|
+
safe.tcl
|
|
2032
|
+
</tt></td>
|
|
2033
|
+
<td valign="top"><tt>
|
|
2034
|
+
tclIndex<br>
|
|
2035
|
+
word.tcl
|
|
2036
|
+
</tt></td>
|
|
2037
|
+
</tr></table>
|
|
2038
|
+
|
|
2039
|
+
<p>To make a Tk application standalone requires these additional
|
|
2040
|
+
initialization scripts from the Tk Library:</p>
|
|
2041
|
+
<table><tr>
|
|
2042
|
+
<td valign="top"><tt>
|
|
2043
|
+
bgerror.tcl<br>
|
|
2044
|
+
button.tcl<br>
|
|
2045
|
+
clrpick.tcl<br>
|
|
2046
|
+
comdlg.tcl<br>
|
|
2047
|
+
console.tcl<br>
|
|
2048
|
+
dialog.tcl
|
|
2049
|
+
</tt></td>
|
|
2050
|
+
<td valign="top"><tt>
|
|
2051
|
+
entry.tcl<br>
|
|
2052
|
+
focus.tcl<br>
|
|
2053
|
+
listbox.tcl<br>
|
|
2054
|
+
menu.tcl<br>
|
|
2055
|
+
msgbox.tcl<br>
|
|
2056
|
+
optMenu.tcl
|
|
2057
|
+
</tt></td>
|
|
2058
|
+
<td valign="top"><tt>
|
|
2059
|
+
palette.tcl<br>
|
|
2060
|
+
safetk.tcl<br>
|
|
2061
|
+
scale.tcl<br>
|
|
2062
|
+
scrlbar.tcl<br>
|
|
2063
|
+
tclIndex<br>
|
|
2064
|
+
tearoff.tcl
|
|
2065
|
+
</tt></td>
|
|
2066
|
+
<td valign="top"><tt>
|
|
2067
|
+
text.tcl<br>
|
|
2068
|
+
tk.tcl<br>
|
|
2069
|
+
tkfbox.tcl<br>
|
|
2070
|
+
xmfbox.tcl
|
|
2071
|
+
</tt></td>
|
|
2072
|
+
</tr></table>
|
|
2073
|
+
|
|
2074
|
+
<p>Total of about 13K lines and 400K bytes of text or 9K lines and
|
|
2075
|
+
250K bytes if you strip comments and leading spaces</p></p>
|
|
2076
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
2077
|
+
<h2 align="center">A Review Of The Features We Want</h2>
|
|
2078
|
+
<p><ol type="A">
|
|
2079
|
+
<li value="1">
|
|
2080
|
+
Combine C/C++ with Tcl/Tk into a single executable.</dd>
|
|
2081
|
+
</li></ol>
|
|
2082
|
+
|
|
2083
|
+
<ol type="A">
|
|
2084
|
+
<li value="2">
|
|
2085
|
+
The executable should be standalone. It must not depend
|
|
2086
|
+
on files not normally found on the system.
|
|
2087
|
+
</li></ol>
|
|
2088
|
+
|
|
2089
|
+
<ol type="A">
|
|
2090
|
+
<li value="3">
|
|
2091
|
+
It should be difficult for end users to alter the program
|
|
2092
|
+
(and introduce bugs).
|
|
2093
|
+
</li></ol></p>
|
|
2094
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
2095
|
+
<h2 align="center">Available Programming Aids</h2>
|
|
2096
|
+
<p><p>Several tools are available. The chart below shows which tools
|
|
2097
|
+
help achieve which objectives.</p>
|
|
2098
|
+
|
|
2099
|
+
<center><table border="2">
|
|
2100
|
+
<tr>
|
|
2101
|
+
<td></td>
|
|
2102
|
+
<td colspan="3" align="center">
|
|
2103
|
+
<b>Features The Tool Helps To Achieve</b></td>
|
|
2104
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2105
|
+
<tr>
|
|
2106
|
+
<td align="center"><b>Tool Name</b></td>
|
|
2107
|
+
<td align="center">Mix C and Tcl</td>
|
|
2108
|
+
<td align="center">Standalone</td>
|
|
2109
|
+
<td align="center">Hide Source</td>
|
|
2110
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2111
|
+
<tr>
|
|
2112
|
+
<td>SWIG</td>
|
|
2113
|
+
<td align="center"><img src="image6"></td>
|
|
2114
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2115
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2116
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2117
|
+
<tr>
|
|
2118
|
+
<td>TclPro Wrapper</td>
|
|
2119
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2120
|
+
<td align="center"><img src="image6"></td>
|
|
2121
|
+
<td align="center"><img src="image6"></td>
|
|
2122
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2123
|
+
<tr>
|
|
2124
|
+
<td>FreeWrap</td>
|
|
2125
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2126
|
+
<td align="center"><img src="image6"></td>
|
|
2127
|
+
<td align="center"><img src="image6"></td>
|
|
2128
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2129
|
+
<tr>
|
|
2130
|
+
<td>Wrap</td>
|
|
2131
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2132
|
+
<td align="center"><img src="image6"></td>
|
|
2133
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2134
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2135
|
+
<tr>
|
|
2136
|
+
<td>mktclapp</td>
|
|
2137
|
+
<td align="center"><img src="image6"></td>
|
|
2138
|
+
<td align="center"><img src="image6"></td>
|
|
2139
|
+
<td align="center"><img src="image6"></td>
|
|
2140
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2141
|
+
</table></center></p>
|
|
2142
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
2143
|
+
<h2 align="center">SWIG</h2>
|
|
2144
|
+
<table><tr><td valign="top"><img src="image7"></td>
|
|
2145
|
+
<td valign="top"><p><ul><li>Creates an interface between an existing C/C++ library and a high-level
|
|
2146
|
+
programming language. Support for:
|
|
2147
|
+
<ul>
|
|
2148
|
+
<li> Tcl/Tk </li>
|
|
2149
|
+
<li> Perl </li>
|
|
2150
|
+
<li> Python </li>
|
|
2151
|
+
<li> Java </li>
|
|
2152
|
+
<li> Eiffel </li>
|
|
2153
|
+
<li> Guile </li>
|
|
2154
|
+
</ul></li></ul><ul><li>No changes required to C/C++ code. Can be used with legacy libraries.</li></ul><ul><li>Generates an extension, not a standalone binary</li></ul><ul><li>The tutorial on SWIG was yesterday afternoon.</li></ul><ul><li>http://www.swig.org/</li></ul></p></td></tr></table>
|
|
2155
|
+
|
|
2156
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
2157
|
+
<h2 align="center">Wrapper Programs</h2>
|
|
2158
|
+
<table><tr><td valign="top"><img src="image8"></td>
|
|
2159
|
+
<td valign="top"><p><ul><li>Convert a pure Tcl/Tk program into a standalone binary</li></ul><ul><li>Several wrapper programs are available:
|
|
2160
|
+
<ul>
|
|
2161
|
+
<li> TclPro Wrapper - http://www.scriptics.com/ </li>
|
|
2162
|
+
<li> FreeWrap - http://www.albany.net/~dlabelle/freewrap/freewrap.html </li>
|
|
2163
|
+
<li> Wrap - http://members1.chello.nl/~j.nijtmans/wrap.html </li>
|
|
2164
|
+
</ul></li></ul><ul><li>No C compiler required!</li></ul><ul><li>TclPro will convert Tcl script into bytecode so that it cannot be
|
|
2165
|
+
easily read by the end user. FreeWrap encrypts the scripts.</li></ul><ul><li>FreeWrap uses compression on its executable.
|
|
2166
|
+
Wrap uses compression on both the executable and on the bundled script files.</li></ul><ul><li>Usually include extensions like winico and/or BLT</li></ul></p></td></tr></table>
|
|
2167
|
+
|
|
2168
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
2169
|
+
<h2 align="center">mktclapp</h2>
|
|
2170
|
+
<table><tr><td valign="top"><img src="image9"></td>
|
|
2171
|
+
<td valign="top"><p><ul><li>Mix C/C++ with Tcl/Tk into a standalone binary</li></ul>
|
|
2172
|
+
<ul><li><tt>mktclapp</tt> generates an application initialization file
|
|
2173
|
+
that contains Tcl scripts as strings and makes all necessary calls
|
|
2174
|
+
to <tt>Tcl_Init</tt>, <tt>Tcl_CreateCommand</tt>,
|
|
2175
|
+
<tt>Tcl</tt>*<tt>InsertProc</tt>, etc.</li></ul><ul><li>Features to make it easier to write new Tcl command in C</li></ul><ul><li><tt>xmktclapp.tcl</tt> provides a GUI interface to <tt>mktclapp</tt></li></ul><ul><li>http://www.hwaci.com/sw/mktclapp/</li></ul></p></td></tr></table>
|
|
2176
|
+
|
|
2177
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
2178
|
+
<h2 align="center">"Hello, World!" Using Mktclapp</h2>
|
|
2179
|
+
<p><ul><li>Download <tt>mktclapp.c</tt> and <tt>xmktclapp.tcl</tt> from
|
|
2180
|
+
http://www.hwaci.com/sw/mktclapp/</li></ul><ul><li>Compile <tt>mktclapp</tt>:
|
|
2181
|
+
<blockquote><pre>
|
|
2182
|
+
cc -o mktclapp mktclapp.c
|
|
2183
|
+
</pre></blockquote></li></ul><ul><li>Create "Hello, World!" as a Tcl script in file <tt>hw.tcl</tt>:
|
|
2184
|
+
<blockquote><pre>
|
|
2185
|
+
button .b -text {Hello, World!} -command exit
|
|
2186
|
+
pack .b
|
|
2187
|
+
</pre></blockquote></li></ul><ul><li>Launch xmktclapp:
|
|
2188
|
+
<blockquote><pre>
|
|
2189
|
+
wish xmktclapp.tcl
|
|
2190
|
+
</pre></blockquote></li></ul></p>
|
|
2191
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
2192
|
+
<h2 align="center">"Hello, World!" Using Mktclapp</h2>
|
|
2193
|
+
<table width="100%"><tr><td valign="top"><p><ul><li>Set "Command Line Input?" to "None"</li></ul><ul><li>Set "Standalone?" to "Yes"</li></ul><ul><li>Enter "<tt>hw.mta</tt>" for the Configuration File</li></ul><ul><li>Enter "<tt>hw.c</tt>" for the Output C File</li></ul></p></td>
|
|
2194
|
+
<td valign="top" align="right"><img src="image10"></td></tr></table>
|
|
2195
|
+
|
|
2196
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
2197
|
+
<h2 align="center">"Hello, World!" Using Mktclapp</h2>
|
|
2198
|
+
<table width="100%"><tr><td valign="top"><p><ul><li>Go to the "Tcl Scripts" page</li></ul><ul><li>Press "Insert" and add <tt>hw.tcl</tt> to the list of
|
|
2199
|
+
Tcl scripts</li></ul><ul><li>Change the "Startup Script" to be <tt>hw.tcl</tt>.</li></ul><ul><li>Select File/Build and File/Exit</li></ul></p></td>
|
|
2200
|
+
<td valign="top" align="right"><img src="image11"></td></tr></table>
|
|
2201
|
+
|
|
2202
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
2203
|
+
<h2 align="center">"Hello, World!" Using Mktclapp</h2>
|
|
2204
|
+
<p><ul><li>Mktclapp generates <tt>hw.c</tt>.
|
|
2205
|
+
Compile it something like this:
|
|
2206
|
+
<pre>
|
|
2207
|
+
cc hw.c -ltk -L/usr/X11R6/lib -lX11 -ltcl -lm -ldl
|
|
2208
|
+
</pre></li></ul><ul><li>Or, if using Cygwin:
|
|
2209
|
+
<pre>
|
|
2210
|
+
gcc hw.c -mwindows -ltk80 -ltcl80 -lm
|
|
2211
|
+
</pre></li></ul><ul><li>Or, if using Mingw32:
|
|
2212
|
+
<pre>
|
|
2213
|
+
gcc -mno-cygwin hw.c -mwindows -ltk82 -ltcl82 -lm
|
|
2214
|
+
</pre></li></ul><ul><li>And you're done!</li></ul></p>
|
|
2215
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
2216
|
+
<h2 align="center">Adding C Code To Your Program</h2>
|
|
2217
|
+
<p>Put the new C code in a new source file named "<tt>add.c</tt>"</p><p>
|
|
2218
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
2219
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2220
|
+
<small><tt>#include "hw.h"</tt></small></td>
|
|
2221
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2222
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
2223
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2224
|
+
<td valign="center">Generated by mktclapp</td>
|
|
2225
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2226
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2227
|
+
<small><tt></tt></small></td>
|
|
2228
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
2229
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2230
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2231
|
+
<small><tt>int ET_COMMAND_add(ET_TCLARGS){</tt></small></td>
|
|
2232
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2233
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
2234
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2235
|
+
<td valign="center"><tt>ET_TCLARGS</tt> is a macro defined in <tt>hw.h</tt></td>
|
|
2236
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2237
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2238
|
+
<small><tt> int a, b;<br>
|
|
2239
|
+
char zResult[30];<br>
|
|
2240
|
+
a = atoi(argv[1]);<br>
|
|
2241
|
+
b = atoi(argv[2]);<br>
|
|
2242
|
+
sprintf(zResult, "-1073742724", a+b);<br>
|
|
2243
|
+
Tcl_SetResult(interp, zResult, TCL_VOLATILE);<br>
|
|
2244
|
+
return TCL_OK;<br>
|
|
2245
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
2246
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
2247
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2248
|
+
</table>
|
|
2249
|
+
|
|
2250
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
2251
|
+
<h2 align="center">Adding C Code To Your Program</h2>
|
|
2252
|
+
<table width="100%"><tr><td valign="top"><p><ul><li>Go to the "C/C++ Modules" page of xmktclapp.tcl</li></ul>
|
|
2253
|
+
<ul><li>Press "Insert" and add <tt>add.c</tt> to the list of
|
|
2254
|
+
C/C++ modules</p></li></ul></li></ul><ul><li>Select File/Build and File/Exit</li></ul></p></td>
|
|
2255
|
+
<td valign="top" align="right"><img src="image12"></td></tr></table>
|
|
2256
|
+
|
|
2257
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
2258
|
+
<h2 align="center">Adding C Code To Your Program</h2>
|
|
2259
|
+
<p><ul><li>Compile as follows:
|
|
2260
|
+
<pre>
|
|
2261
|
+
cc add.c hw.c -ltk -L/usr/X11R6/lib -ltcl -lm -ldl
|
|
2262
|
+
</pre></li></ul><ul><li>Or construct a Makefile that compiles <tt>add.c</tt> into <tt>add.o</tt>
|
|
2263
|
+
and <tt>hw.c</tt> into <tt>hw.o</tt> and then links them.</li></ul><ul><li>Compile the same way for Windows except use the usual Windows
|
|
2264
|
+
libraries and options...</li></ul><table><tr><td valign="top"><img src="image3"></td>
|
|
2265
|
+
<td valign="top"><b>Don't have to worry with <tt>Tcl_CreateCommand()</tt> - Mktclapp takes
|
|
2266
|
+
care of that automatically.</b></td></tr></table></p>
|
|
2267
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
2268
|
+
<h2 align="center">Checking Parameters In The <tt>add</tt> Command</h2>
|
|
2269
|
+
<p>Modify <tt>add.c</tt> to insure the <tt>add</tt> command
|
|
2270
|
+
is called with exactly two integer arguments</p><p>
|
|
2271
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
2272
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2273
|
+
<small><tt>#include "hw.h"<br>
|
|
2274
|
+
<br>
|
|
2275
|
+
int ET_COMMAND_add(ET_TCLARGS){<br>
|
|
2276
|
+
int a, b;<br>
|
|
2277
|
+
char zResult[30];</tt></small></td>
|
|
2278
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
2279
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2280
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2281
|
+
<small><tt> if( argc!=3 ){<br>
|
|
2282
|
+
Tcl_AppendResult(interp,<br>
|
|
2283
|
+
"wrong # args: should be: \"",<br>
|
|
2284
|
+
argv[0], " VALUE VALUE\"", 0);<br>
|
|
2285
|
+
return TCL_ERROR;<br>
|
|
2286
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
2287
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2288
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
2289
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2290
|
+
<td valign="center">Report an error if there are not exactly
|
|
2291
|
+
2 arguments</td>
|
|
2292
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2293
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2294
|
+
<small><tt> if( Tcl_GetInt(interp, argv[1], &a)!=TCL_OK ){<br>
|
|
2295
|
+
return TCL_ERROR;<br>
|
|
2296
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
2297
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2298
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
2299
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2300
|
+
<td valign="center">Report an error if the first argument is
|
|
2301
|
+
not an integer</td>
|
|
2302
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2303
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2304
|
+
<small><tt> if( Tcl_GetInt(interp, argv[2], &b)!=TCL_OK ){<br>
|
|
2305
|
+
return TCL_ERROR;<br>
|
|
2306
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
2307
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2308
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
2309
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2310
|
+
<td valign="center">Do the same for the second argument</td>
|
|
2311
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2312
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2313
|
+
<small><tt> sprintf(zResult, "-1073742724", a+b);<br>
|
|
2314
|
+
Tcl_SetResult(interp, zResult, TCL_VOLATILE);<br>
|
|
2315
|
+
return TCL_OK;<br>
|
|
2316
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
2317
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
2318
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2319
|
+
</table>
|
|
2320
|
+
|
|
2321
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
2322
|
+
<h2 align="center">Using The Tcl_Obj Interface</h2>
|
|
2323
|
+
<p>In the file <tt>objadd.c</tt> put this code:</p><p>
|
|
2324
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
2325
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2326
|
+
<small><tt>#include "hw.h"</tt></small></td>
|
|
2327
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
2328
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2329
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2330
|
+
<small><tt><br>
|
|
2331
|
+
int ET_OBJCOMMAND_add2(ET_OBJARGS){<br>
|
|
2332
|
+
int a, b;</tt></small></td>
|
|
2333
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2334
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
2335
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2336
|
+
<td valign="center">Use "<tt>ET_OBJCOMMAND</tt>" instead of "<tt>ET_COMMAND</tt>" and
|
|
2337
|
+
"<tt>ET_OBJARGS</tt>" instead of "<tt>ET_TCLARGS</tt>"</td>
|
|
2338
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2339
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2340
|
+
<small><tt> if( objc!=3 ){<br>
|
|
2341
|
+
Tcl_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, objv,<br>
|
|
2342
|
+
"number number");<br>
|
|
2343
|
+
return TCL_ERROR;<br>
|
|
2344
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
2345
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2346
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
2347
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2348
|
+
<td valign="center">A special routine for "wrong # args" error</td>
|
|
2349
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2350
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2351
|
+
<small><tt> if( Tcl_GetIntFromObj(interp, objv[1], &a) ){</tt></small></td>
|
|
2352
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2353
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
2354
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2355
|
+
<td valign="center">Instead of <tt>Tcl_GetInt</tt></td>
|
|
2356
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2357
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2358
|
+
<small><tt> return TCL_ERROR;<br>
|
|
2359
|
+
}<br>
|
|
2360
|
+
if( Tcl_GetIntFromObj(interp, objv[2], &b) ){<br>
|
|
2361
|
+
return TCL_ERROR;<br>
|
|
2362
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
2363
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
2364
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2365
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2366
|
+
<small><tt> Tcl_SetIntObj(Tcl_GetObjResult(interp), a+b);</tt></small></td>
|
|
2367
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2368
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
2369
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2370
|
+
<td valign="center">Result stored as integer, not a string</td>
|
|
2371
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2372
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2373
|
+
<small><tt> return TCL_OK;<br>
|
|
2374
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
2375
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
2376
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2377
|
+
</table>
|
|
2378
|
+
|
|
2379
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
2380
|
+
<h2 align="center">Speed Of Tcl_Obj Versus "char*" Interfaces</h2>
|
|
2381
|
+
<p><ul><li>Compile both <tt>add</tt> and <tt>add2</tt> into the same executable.</li></ul><ul><li>Compare their speeds:
|
|
2382
|
+
<pre>
|
|
2383
|
+
time {add 123456 654321} 10000
|
|
2384
|
+
<font color="blue">26 microseconds per iteration</font>
|
|
2385
|
+
time {add2 123456 654321} 10000
|
|
2386
|
+
<font color="blue">4 microseconds per iteration</font>
|
|
2387
|
+
</pre></li></ul><ul><li>The Tcl_Obj version is 650 faster!</li></ul><ul><li>Replace the addition with a "real" computation that takes
|
|
2388
|
+
10 milliseconds.</li></ul><ul><li>Now the Tcl_Obj version is only 0.2 faster!</li></ul><table><tr><td valign="top"><img src="image3"></td>
|
|
2389
|
+
<td valign="top"><b>In many real-world problems, the Tcl_Obj interface has no noticeable
|
|
2390
|
+
speed advantage over the string interface.</b></td></tr></table></p>
|
|
2391
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
2392
|
+
<h2 align="center">More About Built-in Tcl Scripts</h2>
|
|
2393
|
+
<table><tr><td valign="top"><img src="image11"></td>
|
|
2394
|
+
<td valign="top"><p><ul><li>Comments and leading white-space are removed from the
|
|
2395
|
+
script by default. Use the "Don't Strip Comments"
|
|
2396
|
+
button to change this.</li></ul><ul><li>The file name must exactly match the name that is
|
|
2397
|
+
used by the <tt>source</tt> command.</li></ul></p></td></tr></table>
|
|
2398
|
+
|
|
2399
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
2400
|
+
<h2 align="center">Locations Of Libraries</h2>
|
|
2401
|
+
<table><tr><td valign="top"><img src="image13"></td>
|
|
2402
|
+
<td valign="top"><p><ul><li>Tells mktclapp where to look for script libraries.</li></ul><ul><li>All Tcl scripts in the indicated directories are
|
|
2403
|
+
compiled into the <tt>appinit.c</tt> file.</li></ul><ul><li>Comments and extra white-space are removed.
|
|
2404
|
+
There is no way to turn this off.</li></ul></p></td></tr></table>
|
|
2405
|
+
|
|
2406
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
2407
|
+
<h2 align="center">Built-in Binary Data Files</h2>
|
|
2408
|
+
<table><tr><td valign="top"><img src="image14"></td>
|
|
2409
|
+
<td valign="top"><p><ul><li>Arbitrary files become part of the virtual filesystem</li></ul><ul><li>No comment or white-space removal is attempted</li></ul><ul><li>Useful for images or other binary data</li></ul></p></td></tr></table>
|
|
2410
|
+
|
|
2411
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
2412
|
+
<h2 align="center">New Commands In Namespaces</h2>
|
|
2413
|
+
<p>Two underscores (__) are replaced by two colons (::) in
|
|
2414
|
+
command names, thus giving the ability to define new commands
|
|
2415
|
+
in a namespace</p><p>
|
|
2416
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
2417
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2418
|
+
<small><tt>#include <hw.h></tt></small></td>
|
|
2419
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
2420
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2421
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2422
|
+
<small><tt><br>
|
|
2423
|
+
int ET_COMMAND_adder__add(ET_TCLARGS){<br>
|
|
2424
|
+
int a, b;</tt></small></td>
|
|
2425
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2426
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
2427
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2428
|
+
<td valign="center">Creates the Tcl command called "<tt>adder::add</tt>"</td>
|
|
2429
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2430
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2431
|
+
<small><tt> char *zResult[30];<br>
|
|
2432
|
+
if( argc!=3 ){<br>
|
|
2433
|
+
Tcl_AppendResult(interp,<br>
|
|
2434
|
+
"wrong # args: should be: \"",<br>
|
|
2435
|
+
argv[0], " VALUE VALUE\"", 0);<br>
|
|
2436
|
+
return TCL_ERROR;<br>
|
|
2437
|
+
}<br>
|
|
2438
|
+
if( Tcl_GetInt(interp, argv[1], &a)!=TCL_OK ){<br>
|
|
2439
|
+
return TCL_ERROR;<br>
|
|
2440
|
+
}<br>
|
|
2441
|
+
if( Tcl_GetInt(interp, argv[1], &b)!=TCL_OK ){<br>
|
|
2442
|
+
return TCL_ERROR;<br>
|
|
2443
|
+
}<br>
|
|
2444
|
+
sprintf(zResult, "-1073742724", a+b);<br>
|
|
2445
|
+
Tcl_SetResult(interp, zResult, TCL_VOLATILE);<br>
|
|
2446
|
+
return TCL_OK;<br>
|
|
2447
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
2448
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
2449
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2450
|
+
</table>
|
|
2451
|
+
|
|
2452
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
2453
|
+
<h2 align="center">Adding Your Own <tt>main()</tt></h2>
|
|
2454
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
2455
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2456
|
+
<small><tt>int main(int argc, char **argv){<br>
|
|
2457
|
+
/* Application specific initialization */</tt></small></td>
|
|
2458
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
2459
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2460
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2461
|
+
<small><tt> Et_Init(argc, argv);</tt></small></td>
|
|
2462
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2463
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
2464
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2465
|
+
<td valign="center">Never returns!</td>
|
|
2466
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2467
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2468
|
+
<small><tt> /*NOTREACHED*/<br>
|
|
2469
|
+
return 0;<br>
|
|
2470
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
2471
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
2472
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2473
|
+
</table>
|
|
2474
|
+
<p><table><tr><td valign="top"><img src="image3"></td>
|
|
2475
|
+
<td valign="top"><b>The "Autofork" feature is disabled if you supply your own <tt>main()</tt></b></td></tr></table>
|
|
2476
|
+
</p>
|
|
2477
|
+
|
|
2478
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
2479
|
+
<h2 align="center">Initializing The Tcl Interpreter</h2>
|
|
2480
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
2481
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2482
|
+
<small><tt>#include <tcl.h><br>
|
|
2483
|
+
<br>
|
|
2484
|
+
int counter = 0;<br>
|
|
2485
|
+
<br>
|
|
2486
|
+
int main(int argc, char **argv){<br>
|
|
2487
|
+
Et_Init(argc, argv);<br>
|
|
2488
|
+
/*NOTREACHED*/<br>
|
|
2489
|
+
return 0;<br>
|
|
2490
|
+
}<br>
|
|
2491
|
+
<br>
|
|
2492
|
+
int Et_AppInit(Tcl_Interp *interp){</tt></small></td>
|
|
2493
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
2494
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2495
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2496
|
+
<small><tt> if( Blt_Init(Interp) ){<br>
|
|
2497
|
+
return TCL_ERROR;<br>
|
|
2498
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
2499
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2500
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
2501
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2502
|
+
<td valign="center">Example: Initialize an extension</td>
|
|
2503
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2504
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2505
|
+
<small><tt> Tcl_LinkVar(interp, "counter", &counter,<br>
|
|
2506
|
+
TCL_LINK_INT);</tt></small></td>
|
|
2507
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2508
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
2509
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2510
|
+
<td valign="center">Or link a C variable to a Tcl variable</td>
|
|
2511
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2512
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2513
|
+
<small><tt> return TCL_OK;</tt></small></td>
|
|
2514
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2515
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
2516
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2517
|
+
<td valign="center">Return TCL_OK if successful</td>
|
|
2518
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2519
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2520
|
+
<small><tt>}</tt></small></td>
|
|
2521
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
2522
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2523
|
+
</table>
|
|
2524
|
+
|
|
2525
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
2526
|
+
<h2 align="center">Writing Your Own Event Loop</h2>
|
|
2527
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
2528
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2529
|
+
<small><tt>#include <tcl.h><br>
|
|
2530
|
+
</tt></small></td>
|
|
2531
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
2532
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2533
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2534
|
+
<small><tt>void Et_CustomMainLoop(Tcl_Interp *interp){</tt></small></td>
|
|
2535
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2536
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
2537
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2538
|
+
<td valign="center">Replaces the default event loop</td>
|
|
2539
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2540
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2541
|
+
<small><tt> return;</tt></small></td>
|
|
2542
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2543
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
2544
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2545
|
+
<td valign="center">Ex: Return without handling any events.</td>
|
|
2546
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2547
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2548
|
+
<small><tt>}<br>
|
|
2549
|
+
<br>
|
|
2550
|
+
int main(int argc, char **argv){</tt></small></td>
|
|
2551
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
2552
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2553
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2554
|
+
<small><tt> Et_Init(argc, argv);</tt></small></td>
|
|
2555
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2556
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
2557
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2558
|
+
<td valign="center">This now returns after initializing Tcl</td>
|
|
2559
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2560
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2561
|
+
<small><tt> /* Application code here */<br>
|
|
2562
|
+
return 0;<br>
|
|
2563
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
2564
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
2565
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2566
|
+
</table>
|
|
2567
|
+
|
|
2568
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
2569
|
+
<h2 align="center">Writing Your Own Event Loop</h2>
|
|
2570
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
2571
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2572
|
+
<small><tt>#include <tcl.h><br>
|
|
2573
|
+
<br>
|
|
2574
|
+
void Et_CustomMainLoop(Tcl_Interp *interp){</tt></small></td>
|
|
2575
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
2576
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2577
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2578
|
+
<small><tt> for(;;){<br>
|
|
2579
|
+
Tcl_DoOneEvent(TCL_ALL_EVENTS|TCL_DONT_WAIT);<br>
|
|
2580
|
+
/* Other processing... */<br>
|
|
2581
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
2582
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2583
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
2584
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2585
|
+
<td valign="center">Intermix processing and event handling</td>
|
|
2586
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2587
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2588
|
+
<small><tt>}<br>
|
|
2589
|
+
<br>
|
|
2590
|
+
int main(int argc, char **argv){</tt></small></td>
|
|
2591
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
2592
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2593
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2594
|
+
<small><tt> Et_Init(argc, argv);</tt></small></td>
|
|
2595
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2596
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
2597
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2598
|
+
<td valign="center">Never returns</td>
|
|
2599
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2600
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2601
|
+
<small><tt> /*NOTREACHED*/<br>
|
|
2602
|
+
return 0;<br>
|
|
2603
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
2604
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
2605
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2606
|
+
</table>
|
|
2607
|
+
|
|
2608
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
2609
|
+
<h2 align="center">Mktclapp Initialization Sequence</h2>
|
|
2610
|
+
<p><ul><li>Initialization starts when the <tt>Et_Init()</tt>
|
|
2611
|
+
function is called either by client code or by
|
|
2612
|
+
the <tt>main()</tt> that mktclapp generates</li></ul><ul><li>Create the main Tcl interpreter</li></ul><ul><li>Construct the virtual filesystem overlay by redefining
|
|
2613
|
+
the <tt>source</tt> command and by using the
|
|
2614
|
+
<tt>Tcl</tt>*<tt>InsertProc()</tt> functions</li></ul><ul><li>Call <tt>Et_PreInit()</tt> if the client defines it</li></ul><ul><li>Call <tt>Tcl_Init()</tt> and <tt>Tk_Init()</tt></li></ul><ul><li>Call <tt>Tcl_CreateCommand()</tt> and <tt>Tcl_CreateObjCommand()</tt>
|
|
2615
|
+
for every <tt>ET_COMMAND_</tt>* and <tt>ET_OBJCOMMAND_</tt>* function
|
|
2616
|
+
in the client code</li></ul><ul><li>Call <tt>Et_AppInit()</tt> if the client defines it</li></ul><ul><li>Run the main Tcl script if there is one</li></ul><ul><li>Call <tt>Et_CustomMainLoop()</tt> if defined by client code or
|
|
2617
|
+
else run the built-in event loop</li></ul></p>
|
|
2618
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
2619
|
+
<h2 align="center">Invoking Tcl From C</h2>
|
|
2620
|
+
<p><ul><li>Use one of the built-in evaluation functions:
|
|
2621
|
+
<center><table width="80%">
|
|
2622
|
+
<tr><td valign="top" width="50%"><ul>
|
|
2623
|
+
<li> Tcl_Eval() </li>
|
|
2624
|
+
<li> Tcl_VarEval() </li>
|
|
2625
|
+
<li> Tcl_EvalFile() </li>
|
|
2626
|
+
<li> Tcl_GlobalEval() </li>
|
|
2627
|
+
</ul></td>
|
|
2628
|
+
<td valign="top" width="50%"><ul>
|
|
2629
|
+
<li> Tcl_EvalObj() </li>
|
|
2630
|
+
<li> Tcl_GlobalEvalObj() </li>
|
|
2631
|
+
</ul></td></tr>
|
|
2632
|
+
</table></center></li></ul><ul><li>Mktclapp provides evaluation functions with variable argument
|
|
2633
|
+
lists as in <tt>printf()</tt>:
|
|
2634
|
+
<ul>
|
|
2635
|
+
<li> Et_EvalF() </li>
|
|
2636
|
+
<li> Et_GlobalEvalF() </li>
|
|
2637
|
+
</ul></li></ul><ul><li>Mktclapp provides a global variable <tt>Et_Interp</tt> which is
|
|
2638
|
+
a pointer to the main interpreter</li></ul></p>
|
|
2639
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
2640
|
+
<h2 align="center">Invoking Tcl From C</h2>
|
|
2641
|
+
<p>Example: A C function that pops up an error message dialog box</p><p>
|
|
2642
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
2643
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2644
|
+
<small><tt>#include "appinit.h"<br>
|
|
2645
|
+
<br>
|
|
2646
|
+
void ErrMsg(char *zMsg){<br>
|
|
2647
|
+
Tcl_SetVar(Et_Interp, "zMsg", zMsg, TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY);<br>
|
|
2648
|
+
Tcl_GlobalEval(Et_Interp, <br>
|
|
2649
|
+
"tk_messageBox -icon error -msg $zMsg -type ok");<br>
|
|
2650
|
+
Tcl_UnsetVar(Et_Interp, "zMsg", TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY);<br>
|
|
2651
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
2652
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
2653
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2654
|
+
</table>
|
|
2655
|
+
|
|
2656
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
2657
|
+
<h2 align="center">Invoking Tcl From C</h2>
|
|
2658
|
+
<p>The same C function implemented using <tt>Et_EvalF()</tt> instead
|
|
2659
|
+
of <tt>Tcl_GlobalEval()</tt></p><p>
|
|
2660
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
2661
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2662
|
+
<small><tt>#include "appinit.h"<br>
|
|
2663
|
+
<br>
|
|
2664
|
+
void ErrMsg(char *zMsg){<br>
|
|
2665
|
+
Et_EvalF(Et_Interp, <br>
|
|
2666
|
+
"tk_messageBox -icon error -msg {����P�X�} -type ok",<br>
|
|
2667
|
+
zMsg);<br>
|
|
2668
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
2669
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
2670
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2671
|
+
</table>
|
|
2672
|
+
<p>
|
|
2673
|
+
<ul><li>
|
|
2674
|
+
Suppose the function is called as follows:
|
|
2675
|
+
<blockquote>
|
|
2676
|
+
<tt>ErrMsg("Syntax error near \"}\"");</tt>
|
|
2677
|
+
</blockquote>
|
|
2678
|
+
</li></ul>
|
|
2679
|
+
|
|
2680
|
+
<ul><li>
|
|
2681
|
+
The command that gets executed is:
|
|
2682
|
+
<pre>
|
|
2683
|
+
tk_messageBox -icon error -msg \
|
|
2684
|
+
{Syntax error near "}"} -type ok
|
|
2685
|
+
</pre>
|
|
2686
|
+
</li></ul>
|
|
2687
|
+
|
|
2688
|
+
<ul><li>
|
|
2689
|
+
But this is an ill-formed Tcl command!
|
|
2690
|
+
</li></ul>
|
|
2691
|
+
</p>
|
|
2692
|
+
|
|
2693
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
2694
|
+
<h2 align="center">Invoking Tcl From C</h2>
|
|
2695
|
+
<p>Use the "<tt></tt>" format to generate a quoted string</p><p>
|
|
2696
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
2697
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2698
|
+
<small><tt>#include "appinit.h"<br>
|
|
2699
|
+
<br>
|
|
2700
|
+
void ErrMsg(char *zMsg){<br>
|
|
2701
|
+
Et_EvalF(Et_Interp, <br>
|
|
2702
|
+
"tk_messageBox -icon error -msg \"%\" -type ok",<br>
|
|
2703
|
+
zMsg);<br>
|
|
2704
|
+
}</tt></small></td>
|
|
2705
|
+
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
|
|
2706
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2707
|
+
</table>
|
|
2708
|
+
<p><ul><li>The <tt></tt> puts a backslash before all characters that
|
|
2709
|
+
are special to Tcl</li></ul><ul><li>The Tcl command becomes:
|
|
2710
|
+
<pre>
|
|
2711
|
+
tk_messageBox -icon error -msg \
|
|
2712
|
+
"Syntax error near \"\}\"" -type ok
|
|
2713
|
+
</pre></li></ul></p>
|
|
2714
|
+
|
|
2715
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
2716
|
+
<h2 align="center">Other Functions Provided By Mktclapp</h2>
|
|
2717
|
+
<p><ul><li><tt>void Et_ResultF(Tcl_Interp*, ...);</tt></li></ul><ul><li><tt>char *Et_DStringAppendF(Tcl_DString*, ...);</tt></li></ul><ul><li><tt>int Et_AppendObjF(Tcl_Obj*, ...);</tt></li></ul><ul><li><tt>char *mprintf(const char *format, ...);<br>
|
|
2718
|
+
char *vmprintf(const char *format, va_list);</tt></li></ul><ul><li><tt>void Et_NewBuiltinFile(char *filename, char *data, int amt);</tt></li></ul></p>
|
|
2719
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
2720
|
+
<h2 align="center">Operating Mktclapp From The Command Line</h2>
|
|
2721
|
+
<p><ul><li>Generate the <tt>appinit.h</tt> header file like this:
|
|
2722
|
+
<blockquote>
|
|
2723
|
+
<tt>mktclapp -header >appinit.h</tt>
|
|
2724
|
+
</blockquote></li></ul><ul><li>Generate the <tt>appinit.c</tt> file like this:
|
|
2725
|
+
<blockquote>
|
|
2726
|
+
<tt>mktclapp -f appinit.mta >appinit.c</tt>
|
|
2727
|
+
</blockquote></li></ul><ul><li>The <tt>*.mta</tt> file is just a list of command-line options</li></ul><ul><li>Enter
|
|
2728
|
+
<blockquote>
|
|
2729
|
+
<tt>mktclapp -help</tt>
|
|
2730
|
+
</blockquote>
|
|
2731
|
+
to get a list of available options</li></ul><ul><li>Look at MTA files generated by xmktclapp.tcl for examples</li></ul></p>
|
|
2732
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
2733
|
+
<h2 align="center">Format Of An MTA File</h2>
|
|
2734
|
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
|
|
2735
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2736
|
+
<small><tt># Configuration file generated by xmktclapp<br>
|
|
2737
|
+
# Hand editing is not recommended<br>
|
|
2738
|
+
#</tt></small></td>
|
|
2739
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2740
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
2741
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2742
|
+
<td valign="center">Comments begin with one #</td>
|
|
2743
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2744
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2745
|
+
<small><tt>## Autofork No<br>
|
|
2746
|
+
## CFile:add.c 1<br>
|
|
2747
|
+
## CFile:objadd.c 1<br>
|
|
2748
|
+
## CmdLine Console<br>
|
|
2749
|
+
## ConfigFile hw.mta<br>
|
|
2750
|
+
## Data:check.gif 1<br>
|
|
2751
|
+
## MainScript hw.tcl<br>
|
|
2752
|
+
## Mode Tcl/Tk<br>
|
|
2753
|
+
## NoSource No<br>
|
|
2754
|
+
## OutputFile hw.c<br>
|
|
2755
|
+
## Shroud No<br>
|
|
2756
|
+
## Standalone Yes<br>
|
|
2757
|
+
## TclFile:hw.tcl 1<br>
|
|
2758
|
+
## TclLib /usr/lib/tcl8.0<br>
|
|
2759
|
+
## TkLib /usr/lib/tk8.0</tt></small></td>
|
|
2760
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2761
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
2762
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2763
|
+
<td valign="center">Lines beginning with two #s are used
|
|
2764
|
+
by xmktclapp.tcl and ignored by mktclapp</td>
|
|
2765
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2766
|
+
<tr><td valign="center">
|
|
2767
|
+
<small><tt>-console<br>
|
|
2768
|
+
-main-script "hw.tcl"<br>
|
|
2769
|
+
-tcl-library "/usr/lib/tcl8.0"<br>
|
|
2770
|
+
-tk-library "/usr/lib/tk8.0"<br>
|
|
2771
|
+
"add.c"<br>
|
|
2772
|
+
"objadd.c"<br>
|
|
2773
|
+
-i "check.gif"<br>
|
|
2774
|
+
-strip-tcl "hw.tcl"</tt></small></td>
|
|
2775
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2776
|
+
<td valign="center"><img src="image2"></td>
|
|
2777
|
+
<td> </td>
|
|
2778
|
+
<td valign="center">All other lines are read by mktclapp and
|
|
2779
|
+
ignored by xmktclapp.tcl</td>
|
|
2780
|
+
</tr>
|
|
2781
|
+
</table>
|
|
2782
|
+
|
|
2783
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|
|
2784
|
+
<h2 align="center">Summary</h2>
|
|
2785
|
+
<p><ul><li>Use Tcl for the things Tcl is good at and use C/C++ for the things that
|
|
2786
|
+
C/C++ is good at</li></ul><ul><li>Use wrapper programs to make pure Tcl programs standalone</li></ul><ul><li>Use mktclapp to combine Tcl/Tk with C/C++ into a standalone</li></ul></p>
|
|
2787
|
+
<br clear="both"><p><hr></p>
|