ruby-ogre 0.0.1-x86-linux

data/deps/include/OGRE/OgreMath.h

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+/*
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This source file is part of OGRE
+    (Object-oriented Graphics Rendering Engine)
+For the latest info, see http://www.ogre3d.org/
+
+Copyright (c) 2000-2012 Torus Knot Software Ltd
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+*/
+#ifndef __Math_H__
+#define __Math_H__
+
+#include "OgrePrerequisites.h"
+
+namespace Ogre
+{
+	/** \addtogroup Core
+	*  @{
+	*/
+	/** \addtogroup Math
+	*  @{
+	*/
+	/** Wrapper class which indicates a given angle value is in Radians.
+    @remarks
+        Radian values are interchangeable with Degree values, and conversions
+        will be done automatically between them.
+    */
+	class Radian
+	{
+		Real mRad;
+
+	public:
+		explicit Radian ( Real r=0 ) : mRad(r) {}
+		Radian ( const Degree& d );
+		Radian& operator = ( const Real& f ) { mRad = f; return *this; }
+		Radian& operator = ( const Radian& r ) { mRad = r.mRad; return *this; }
+		Radian& operator = ( const Degree& d );
+
+		Real valueDegrees() const; // see bottom of this file
+		Real valueRadians() const { return mRad; }
+		Real valueAngleUnits() const;
+
+        const Radian& operator + () const { return *this; }
+		Radian operator + ( const Radian& r ) const { return Radian ( mRad + r.mRad ); }
+		Radian operator + ( const Degree& d ) const;
+		Radian& operator += ( const Radian& r ) { mRad += r.mRad; return *this; }
+		Radian& operator += ( const Degree& d );
+		Radian operator - () const { return Radian(-mRad); }
+		Radian operator - ( const Radian& r ) const { return Radian ( mRad - r.mRad ); }
+		Radian operator - ( const Degree& d ) const;
+		Radian& operator -= ( const Radian& r ) { mRad -= r.mRad; return *this; }
+		Radian& operator -= ( const Degree& d );
+		Radian operator * ( Real f ) const { return Radian ( mRad * f ); }
+        Radian operator * ( const Radian& f ) const { return Radian ( mRad * f.mRad ); }
+		Radian& operator *= ( Real f ) { mRad *= f; return *this; }
+		Radian operator / ( Real f ) const { return Radian ( mRad / f ); }
+		Radian& operator /= ( Real f ) { mRad /= f; return *this; }
+
+		bool operator <  ( const Radian& r ) const { return mRad <  r.mRad; }
+		bool operator <= ( const Radian& r ) const { return mRad <= r.mRad; }
+		bool operator == ( const Radian& r ) const { return mRad == r.mRad; }
+		bool operator != ( const Radian& r ) const { return mRad != r.mRad; }
+		bool operator >= ( const Radian& r ) const { return mRad >= r.mRad; }
+		bool operator >  ( const Radian& r ) const { return mRad >  r.mRad; }
+
+		inline _OgreExport friend std::ostream& operator <<
+			( std::ostream& o, const Radian& v )
+		{
+			o << "Radian(" << v.valueRadians() << ")";
+			return o;
+		}
+	};
+
+    /** Wrapper class which indicates a given angle value is in Degrees.
+    @remarks
+        Degree values are interchangeable with Radian values, and conversions
+        will be done automatically between them.
+    */
+	class Degree
+	{
+		Real mDeg; // if you get an error here - make sure to define/typedef 'Real' first
+
+	public:
+		explicit Degree ( Real d=0 ) : mDeg(d) {}
+		Degree ( const Radian& r ) : mDeg(r.valueDegrees()) {}
+		Degree& operator = ( const Real& f ) { mDeg = f; return *this; }
+		Degree& operator = ( const Degree& d ) { mDeg = d.mDeg; return *this; }
+		Degree& operator = ( const Radian& r ) { mDeg = r.valueDegrees(); return *this; }
+
+		Real valueDegrees() const { return mDeg; }
+		Real valueRadians() const; // see bottom of this file
+		Real valueAngleUnits() const;
+
+		const Degree& operator + () const { return *this; }
+		Degree operator + ( const Degree& d ) const { return Degree ( mDeg + d.mDeg ); }
+		Degree operator + ( const Radian& r ) const { return Degree ( mDeg + r.valueDegrees() ); }
+		Degree& operator += ( const Degree& d ) { mDeg += d.mDeg; return *this; }
+		Degree& operator += ( const Radian& r ) { mDeg += r.valueDegrees(); return *this; }
+		Degree operator - () const { return Degree(-mDeg); }
+		Degree operator - ( const Degree& d ) const { return Degree ( mDeg - d.mDeg ); }
+		Degree operator - ( const Radian& r ) const { return Degree ( mDeg - r.valueDegrees() ); }
+		Degree& operator -= ( const Degree& d ) { mDeg -= d.mDeg; return *this; }
+		Degree& operator -= ( const Radian& r ) { mDeg -= r.valueDegrees(); return *this; }
+		Degree operator * ( Real f ) const { return Degree ( mDeg * f ); }
+        Degree operator * ( const Degree& f ) const { return Degree ( mDeg * f.mDeg ); }
+		Degree& operator *= ( Real f ) { mDeg *= f; return *this; }
+		Degree operator / ( Real f ) const { return Degree ( mDeg / f ); }
+		Degree& operator /= ( Real f ) { mDeg /= f; return *this; }
+
+		bool operator <  ( const Degree& d ) const { return mDeg <  d.mDeg; }
+		bool operator <= ( const Degree& d ) const { return mDeg <= d.mDeg; }
+		bool operator == ( const Degree& d ) const { return mDeg == d.mDeg; }
+		bool operator != ( const Degree& d ) const { return mDeg != d.mDeg; }
+		bool operator >= ( const Degree& d ) const { return mDeg >= d.mDeg; }
+		bool operator >  ( const Degree& d ) const { return mDeg >  d.mDeg; }
+
+		inline _OgreExport friend std::ostream& operator <<
+			( std::ostream& o, const Degree& v )
+		{
+			o << "Degree(" << v.valueDegrees() << ")";
+			return o;
+		}
+	};
+
+    /** Wrapper class which identifies a value as the currently default angle 
+        type, as defined by Math::setAngleUnit.
+    @remarks
+        Angle values will be automatically converted between radians and degrees,
+        as appropriate.
+    */
+	class Angle
+	{
+		Real mAngle;
+	public:
+		explicit Angle ( Real angle ) : mAngle(angle) {}
+		operator Radian() const;
+		operator Degree() const;
+	};
+
+	// these functions could not be defined within the class definition of class
+	// Radian because they required class Degree to be defined
+	inline Radian::Radian ( const Degree& d ) : mRad(d.valueRadians()) {
+	}
+	inline Radian& Radian::operator = ( const Degree& d ) {
+		mRad = d.valueRadians(); return *this;
+	}
+	inline Radian Radian::operator + ( const Degree& d ) const {
+		return Radian ( mRad + d.valueRadians() );
+	}
+	inline Radian& Radian::operator += ( const Degree& d ) {
+		mRad += d.valueRadians();
+		return *this;
+	}
+	inline Radian Radian::operator - ( const Degree& d ) const {
+		return Radian ( mRad - d.valueRadians() );
+	}
+	inline Radian& Radian::operator -= ( const Degree& d ) {
+		mRad -= d.valueRadians();
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+    /** Class to provide access to common mathematical functions.
+        @remarks
+            Most of the maths functions are aliased versions of the C runtime
+            library functions. They are aliased here to provide future
+            optimisation opportunities, either from faster RTLs or custom
+            math approximations.
+        @note
+            <br>This is based on MgcMath.h from
+            <a href="http://www.geometrictools.com/">Wild Magic</a>.
+    */
+    class _OgreExport Math 
+    {
+   public:
+       /** The angular units used by the API. This functionality is now deprecated in favor
+	       of discreet angular unit types ( see Degree and Radian above ). The only place
+		   this functionality is actually still used is when parsing files. Search for
+		   usage of the Angle class for those instances
+       */
+       enum AngleUnit
+       {
+           AU_DEGREE,
+           AU_RADIAN
+       };
+
+    protected:
+       // angle units used by the api
+       static AngleUnit msAngleUnit;
+
+        /// Size of the trig tables as determined by constructor.
+        static int mTrigTableSize;
+
+        /// Radian -> index factor value ( mTrigTableSize / 2 * PI )
+        static Real mTrigTableFactor;
+        static Real* mSinTable;
+        static Real* mTanTable;
+
+        /** Private function to build trig tables.
+        */
+        void buildTrigTables();
+
+		static Real SinTable (Real fValue);
+		static Real TanTable (Real fValue);
+    public:
+        /** Default constructor.
+            @param
+                trigTableSize Optional parameter to set the size of the
+                tables used to implement Sin, Cos, Tan
+        */
+        Math(unsigned int trigTableSize = 4096);
+
+        /** Default destructor.
+        */
+        ~Math();
+
+		static inline int IAbs (int iValue) { return ( iValue >= 0 ? iValue : -iValue ); }
+		static inline int ICeil (float fValue) { return int(ceil(fValue)); }
+		static inline int IFloor (float fValue) { return int(floor(fValue)); }
+        static int ISign (int iValue);
+
+        /** Absolute value function
+            @param
+                fValue The value whose absolute value will be returned.
+        */
+		static inline Real Abs (Real fValue) { return Real(fabs(fValue)); }
+
+        /** Absolute value function
+            @param
+                fValue The value, in degrees, whose absolute value will be returned.
+         */
+		static inline Degree Abs (const Degree& dValue) { return Degree(fabs(dValue.valueDegrees())); }
+
+        /** Absolute value function
+            @param
+                fValue The value, in radians, whose absolute value will be returned.
+         */
+        static inline Radian Abs (const Radian& rValue) { return Radian(fabs(rValue.valueRadians())); }
+
+        /** Arc cosine function
+            @param
+                fValue The value whose arc cosine will be returned.
+         */
+		static Radian ACos (Real fValue);
+
+        /** Arc sine function
+            @param
+                fValue The value whose arc sine will be returned.
+         */
+		static Radian ASin (Real fValue);
+
+        /** Arc tangent function
+            @param
+                fValue The value whose arc tangent will be returned.
+         */
+		static inline Radian ATan (Real fValue) { return Radian(atan(fValue)); }
+
+        /** Arc tangent between two values function
+            @param
+                fY The first value to calculate the arc tangent with.
+            @param
+                fX The second value to calculate the arc tangent with.
+         */
+		static inline Radian ATan2 (Real fY, Real fX) { return Radian(atan2(fY,fX)); }
+
+        /** Ceiling function
+            Returns the smallest following integer. (example: Ceil(1.1) = 2)
+
+            @param
+                fValue The value to round up to the nearest integer.
+         */
+		static inline Real Ceil (Real fValue) { return Real(ceil(fValue)); }
+		static inline bool isNaN(Real f)
+		{
+			// std::isnan() is C99, not supported by all compilers
+			// However NaN always fails this next test, no other number does.
+			return f != f;
+		}
+
+        /** Cosine function.
+            @param
+                fValue Angle in radians
+            @param
+                useTables If true, uses lookup tables rather than
+                calculation - faster but less accurate.
+        */
+        static inline Real Cos (const Radian& fValue, bool useTables = false) {
+			return (!useTables) ? Real(cos(fValue.valueRadians())) : SinTable(fValue.valueRadians() + HALF_PI);
+		}
+        /** Cosine function.
+            @param
+                fValue Angle in radians
+            @param
+                useTables If true, uses lookup tables rather than
+                calculation - faster but less accurate.
+        */
+        static inline Real Cos (Real fValue, bool useTables = false) {
+			return (!useTables) ? Real(cos(fValue)) : SinTable(fValue + HALF_PI);
+		}
+
+		static inline Real Exp (Real fValue) { return Real(exp(fValue)); }
+
+        /** Floor function
+            Returns the largest previous integer. (example: Floor(1.9) = 1)
+         
+            @param
+                fValue The value to round down to the nearest integer.
+         */
+		static inline Real Floor (Real fValue) { return Real(floor(fValue)); }
+
+		static inline Real Log (Real fValue) { return Real(log(fValue)); }
+
+		/// Stored value of log(2) for frequent use
+		static const Real LOG2;
+
+		static inline Real Log2 (Real fValue) { return Real(log(fValue)/LOG2); }
+
+		static inline Real LogN (Real base, Real fValue) { return Real(log(fValue)/log(base)); }
+
+		static inline Real Pow (Real fBase, Real fExponent) { return Real(pow(fBase,fExponent)); }
+
+        static Real Sign (Real fValue);
+		static inline Radian Sign ( const Radian& rValue )
+		{
+			return Radian(Sign(rValue.valueRadians()));
+		}
+		static inline Degree Sign ( const Degree& dValue )
+		{
+			return Degree(Sign(dValue.valueDegrees()));
+		}
+
+        /** Sine function.
+            @param
+                fValue Angle in radians
+            @param
+                useTables If true, uses lookup tables rather than
+                calculation - faster but less accurate.
+        */
+        static inline Real Sin (const Radian& fValue, bool useTables = false) {
+			return (!useTables) ? Real(sin(fValue.valueRadians())) : SinTable(fValue.valueRadians());
+		}
+        /** Sine function.
+            @param
+                fValue Angle in radians
+            @param
+                useTables If true, uses lookup tables rather than
+                calculation - faster but less accurate.
+        */
+        static inline Real Sin (Real fValue, bool useTables = false) {
+			return (!useTables) ? Real(sin(fValue)) : SinTable(fValue);
+		}
+
+        /** Squared function.
+            @param
+                fValue The value to be squared (fValue^2)
+        */
+		static inline Real Sqr (Real fValue) { return fValue*fValue; }
+
+        /** Square root function.
+            @param
+                fValue The value whose square root will be calculated.
+         */
+		static inline Real Sqrt (Real fValue) { return Real(sqrt(fValue)); }
+
+        /** Square root function.
+            @param
+                fValue The value, in radians, whose square root will be calculated.
+            @return
+                The square root of the angle in radians.
+         */
+        static inline Radian Sqrt (const Radian& fValue) { return Radian(sqrt(fValue.valueRadians())); }
+
+        /** Square root function.
+            @param
+                fValue The value, in degrees, whose square root will be calculated.
+            @return
+                The square root of the angle in degrees.
+         */
+        static inline Degree Sqrt (const Degree& fValue) { return Degree(sqrt(fValue.valueDegrees())); }
+
+        /** Inverse square root i.e. 1 / Sqrt(x), good for vector
+            normalisation.
+            @param
+                fValue The value whose inverse square root will be calculated.
+        */
+		static Real InvSqrt (Real fValue);
+
+        /** Generate a random number of unit length.
+            @return
+                A random number in the range from [0,1].
+        */
+        static Real UnitRandom ();
+
+        /** Generate a random number within the range provided.
+            @param
+                fLow The lower bound of the range.
+            @param
+                fHigh The upper bound of the range.
+            @return
+                A random number in the range from [fLow,fHigh].
+         */
+        static Real RangeRandom (Real fLow, Real fHigh);
+
+        /** Generate a random number in the range [-1,1].
+            @return
+                A random number in the range from [-1,1].
+         */
+        static Real SymmetricRandom ();
+
+        /** Tangent function.
+            @param
+                fValue Angle in radians
+            @param
+                useTables If true, uses lookup tables rather than
+                calculation - faster but less accurate.
+        */
+		static inline Real Tan (const Radian& fValue, bool useTables = false) {
+			return (!useTables) ? Real(tan(fValue.valueRadians())) : TanTable(fValue.valueRadians());
+		}
+        /** Tangent function.
+            @param
+                fValue Angle in radians
+            @param
+                useTables If true, uses lookup tables rather than
+                calculation - faster but less accurate.
+        */
+		static inline Real Tan (Real fValue, bool useTables = false) {
+			return (!useTables) ? Real(tan(fValue)) : TanTable(fValue);
+		}
+
+		static inline Real DegreesToRadians(Real degrees) { return degrees * fDeg2Rad; }
+        static inline Real RadiansToDegrees(Real radians) { return radians * fRad2Deg; }
+
+       /** These functions used to set the assumed angle units (radians or degrees) 
+            expected when using the Angle type.
+       @par
+            You can set this directly after creating a new Root, and also before/after resource creation,
+            depending on whether you want the change to affect resource files.
+       */
+       static void setAngleUnit(AngleUnit unit);
+       /** Get the unit being used for angles. */
+       static AngleUnit getAngleUnit(void);
+
+       /** Convert from the current AngleUnit to radians. */
+       static Real AngleUnitsToRadians(Real units);
+       /** Convert from radians to the current AngleUnit . */
+       static Real RadiansToAngleUnits(Real radians);
+       /** Convert from the current AngleUnit to degrees. */
+       static Real AngleUnitsToDegrees(Real units);
+       /** Convert from degrees to the current AngleUnit. */
+       static Real DegreesToAngleUnits(Real degrees);
+
+       /** Checks whether a given point is inside a triangle, in a
+            2-dimensional (Cartesian) space.
+            @remarks
+                The vertices of the triangle must be given in either
+                trigonometrical (anticlockwise) or inverse trigonometrical
+                (clockwise) order.
+            @param
+                p The point.
+            @param
+                a The triangle's first vertex.
+            @param
+                b The triangle's second vertex.
+            @param
+                c The triangle's third vertex.
+            @return
+                If the point resides in the triangle, <b>true</b> is
+                returned.
+            @par
+                If the point is outside the triangle, <b>false</b> is
+                returned.
+        */
+        static bool pointInTri2D(const Vector2& p, const Vector2& a, 
+			const Vector2& b, const Vector2& c);
+
+       /** Checks whether a given 3D point is inside a triangle.
+       @remarks
+            The vertices of the triangle must be given in either
+            trigonometrical (anticlockwise) or inverse trigonometrical
+            (clockwise) order, and the point must be guaranteed to be in the
+			same plane as the triangle
+        @param
+            p The point.
+        @param
+            a The triangle's first vertex.
+        @param
+            b The triangle's second vertex.
+        @param
+            c The triangle's third vertex.
+		@param 
+			normal The triangle plane's normal (passed in rather than calculated
+				on demand since the caller may already have it)
+        @return
+            If the point resides in the triangle, <b>true</b> is
+            returned.
+        @par
+            If the point is outside the triangle, <b>false</b> is
+            returned.
+        */
+        static bool pointInTri3D(const Vector3& p, const Vector3& a, 
+			const Vector3& b, const Vector3& c, const Vector3& normal);
+        /** Ray / plane intersection, returns boolean result and distance. */
+        static std::pair<bool, Real> intersects(const Ray& ray, const Plane& plane);
+
+        /** Ray / sphere intersection, returns boolean result and distance. */
+        static std::pair<bool, Real> intersects(const Ray& ray, const Sphere& sphere, 
+            bool discardInside = true);
+        
+        /** Ray / box intersection, returns boolean result and distance. */
+        static std::pair<bool, Real> intersects(const Ray& ray, const AxisAlignedBox& box);
+
+        /** Ray / box intersection, returns boolean result and two intersection distance.
+        @param
+            ray The ray.
+        @param
+            box The box.
+        @param
+            d1 A real pointer to retrieve the near intersection distance
+                from the ray origin, maybe <b>null</b> which means don't care
+                about the near intersection distance.
+        @param
+            d2 A real pointer to retrieve the far intersection distance
+                from the ray origin, maybe <b>null</b> which means don't care
+                about the far intersection distance.
+        @return
+            If the ray is intersects the box, <b>true</b> is returned, and
+            the near intersection distance is return by <i>d1</i>, the
+            far intersection distance is return by <i>d2</i>. Guarantee
+            <b>0</b> <= <i>d1</i> <= <i>d2</i>.
+        @par
+            If the ray isn't intersects the box, <b>false</b> is returned, and
+            <i>d1</i> and <i>d2</i> is unmodified.
+        */
+        static bool intersects(const Ray& ray, const AxisAlignedBox& box,
+            Real* d1, Real* d2);
+
+        /** Ray / triangle intersection, returns boolean result and distance.
+        @param
+            ray The ray.
+        @param
+            a The triangle's first vertex.
+        @param
+            b The triangle's second vertex.
+        @param
+            c The triangle's third vertex.
+		@param 
+			normal The triangle plane's normal (passed in rather than calculated
+				on demand since the caller may already have it), doesn't need
+                normalised since we don't care.
+        @param
+            positiveSide Intersect with "positive side" of the triangle
+        @param
+            negativeSide Intersect with "negative side" of the triangle
+        @return
+            If the ray is intersects the triangle, a pair of <b>true</b> and the
+            distance between intersection point and ray origin returned.
+        @par
+            If the ray isn't intersects the triangle, a pair of <b>false</b> and
+            <b>0</b> returned.
+        */
+        static std::pair<bool, Real> intersects(const Ray& ray, const Vector3& a,
+            const Vector3& b, const Vector3& c, const Vector3& normal,
+            bool positiveSide = true, bool negativeSide = true);
+
+        /** Ray / triangle intersection, returns boolean result and distance.
+        @param
+            ray The ray.
+        @param
+            a The triangle's first vertex.
+        @param
+            b The triangle's second vertex.
+        @param
+            c The triangle's third vertex.
+        @param
+            positiveSide Intersect with "positive side" of the triangle
+        @param
+            negativeSide Intersect with "negative side" of the triangle
+        @return
+            If the ray is intersects the triangle, a pair of <b>true</b> and the
+            distance between intersection point and ray origin returned.
+        @par
+            If the ray isn't intersects the triangle, a pair of <b>false</b> and
+            <b>0</b> returned.
+        */
+        static std::pair<bool, Real> intersects(const Ray& ray, const Vector3& a,
+            const Vector3& b, const Vector3& c,
+            bool positiveSide = true, bool negativeSide = true);
+
+        /** Sphere / box intersection test. */
+        static bool intersects(const Sphere& sphere, const AxisAlignedBox& box);
+
+        /** Plane / box intersection test. */
+        static bool intersects(const Plane& plane, const AxisAlignedBox& box);
+
+        /** Ray / convex plane list intersection test. 
+        @param ray The ray to test with
+        @param plaeList List of planes which form a convex volume
+        @param normalIsOutside Does the normal point outside the volume
+        */
+        static std::pair<bool, Real> intersects(
+            const Ray& ray, const vector<Plane>::type& planeList, 
+            bool normalIsOutside);
+        /** Ray / convex plane list intersection test. 
+        @param ray The ray to test with
+        @param plaeList List of planes which form a convex volume
+        @param normalIsOutside Does the normal point outside the volume
+        */
+        static std::pair<bool, Real> intersects(
+            const Ray& ray, const list<Plane>::type& planeList, 
+            bool normalIsOutside);
+
+        /** Sphere / plane intersection test. 
+        @remarks NB just do a plane.getDistance(sphere.getCenter()) for more detail!
+        */
+        static bool intersects(const Sphere& sphere, const Plane& plane);
+
+        /** Compare 2 reals, using tolerance for inaccuracies.
+        */
+        static bool RealEqual(Real a, Real b,
+            Real tolerance = std::numeric_limits<Real>::epsilon());
+
+        /** Calculates the tangent space vector for a given set of positions / texture coords. */
+        static Vector3 calculateTangentSpaceVector(
+            const Vector3& position1, const Vector3& position2, const Vector3& position3,
+            Real u1, Real v1, Real u2, Real v2, Real u3, Real v3);
+
+        /** Build a reflection matrix for the passed in plane. */
+        static Matrix4 buildReflectionMatrix(const Plane& p);
+        /** Calculate a face normal, including the w component which is the offset from the origin. */
+        static Vector4 calculateFaceNormal(const Vector3& v1, const Vector3& v2, const Vector3& v3);
+        /** Calculate a face normal, no w-information. */
+        static Vector3 calculateBasicFaceNormal(const Vector3& v1, const Vector3& v2, const Vector3& v3);
+        /** Calculate a face normal without normalize, including the w component which is the offset from the origin. */
+        static Vector4 calculateFaceNormalWithoutNormalize(const Vector3& v1, const Vector3& v2, const Vector3& v3);
+        /** Calculate a face normal without normalize, no w-information. */
+        static Vector3 calculateBasicFaceNormalWithoutNormalize(const Vector3& v1, const Vector3& v2, const Vector3& v3);
+
+		/** Generates a value based on the Gaussian (normal) distribution function
+			with the given offset and scale parameters.
+		*/
+		static Real gaussianDistribution(Real x, Real offset = 0.0f, Real scale = 1.0f);
+
+		/** Clamp a value within an inclusive range. */
+		template <typename T>
+		static T Clamp(T val, T minval, T maxval)
+		{
+			assert (minval <= maxval && "Invalid clamp range");
+			return std::max(std::min(val, maxval), minval);
+		}
+
+		static Matrix4 makeViewMatrix(const Vector3& position, const Quaternion& orientation, 
+			const Matrix4* reflectMatrix = 0);
+
+		/** Get a bounding radius value from a bounding box. */
+		static Real boundingRadiusFromAABB(const AxisAlignedBox& aabb);
+
+
+
+        static const Real POS_INFINITY;
+        static const Real NEG_INFINITY;
+        static const Real PI;
+        static const Real TWO_PI;
+        static const Real HALF_PI;
+		static const Real fDeg2Rad;
+		static const Real fRad2Deg;
+
+    };
+
+	// these functions must be defined down here, because they rely on the
+	// angle unit conversion functions in class Math:
+
+	inline Real Radian::valueDegrees() const
+	{
+		return Math::RadiansToDegrees ( mRad );
+	}
+
+	inline Real Radian::valueAngleUnits() const
+	{
+		return Math::RadiansToAngleUnits ( mRad );
+	}
+
+	inline Real Degree::valueRadians() const
+	{
+		return Math::DegreesToRadians ( mDeg );
+	}
+
+	inline Real Degree::valueAngleUnits() const
+	{
+		return Math::DegreesToAngleUnits ( mDeg );
+	}
+
+	inline Angle::operator Radian() const
+	{
+		return Radian(Math::AngleUnitsToRadians(mAngle));
+	}
+
+	inline Angle::operator Degree() const
+	{
+		return Degree(Math::AngleUnitsToDegrees(mAngle));
+	}
+
+	inline Radian operator * ( Real a, const Radian& b )
+	{
+		return Radian ( a * b.valueRadians() );
+	}
+
+	inline Radian operator / ( Real a, const Radian& b )
+	{
+		return Radian ( a / b.valueRadians() );
+	}
+
+	inline Degree operator * ( Real a, const Degree& b )
+	{
+		return Degree ( a * b.valueDegrees() );
+	}
+
+	inline Degree operator / ( Real a, const Degree& b )
+	{
+		return Degree ( a / b.valueDegrees() );
+	}
+	/** @} */
+	/** @} */
+
+}
+#endif