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Maintenance Policy for Ruby on Rails
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Rails Nested Model Forms
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NOTE: This guide assumes the user knows how to use the [Rails form helpers](form_helpers.html) in general. Also, it's **not** an API reference. For a complete reference please visit [the Rails API documentation](http://api.rubyonrails.org/).
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As you might have inflected from this explanation, you _don't_ necessarily need an ActiveRecord::Base model to use this functionality. The following examples are sufficient to enable the nested model form behavior:
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#### Single associated object
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```ruby
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class Person
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def address
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Address.new
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end
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def address_attributes=(attributes)
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# ...
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end
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end
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76
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```
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#### Association collection
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```ruby
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class Person
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def projects
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[Project.new, Project.new]
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end
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def projects_attributes=(attributes)
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# ...
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end
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end
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90
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```
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92
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NOTE: See (TODO) in the advanced section for more information on how to deal with the CRUD operations in your custom model.
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Views
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-----
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-
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97
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### Controller code
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A nested model form will _only_ be built if the associated object(s) exist. This means that for a new model instance you would probably want to build the associated object(s) first.
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Consider the following typical RESTful controller which will prepare a new Person instance and its `address` and `projects` associations before rendering the `new` template:
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```ruby
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class PeopleController < ApplicationController
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def new
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@person = Person.new
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@person.built_address
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2.times { @person.projects.build }
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end
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def create
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@person = Person.new(params[:person])
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if @person.save
|
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|
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# ...
|
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|
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end
|
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|
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end
|
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|
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end
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```
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NOTE: Obviously the instantiation of the associated object(s) can become tedious and not DRY, so you might want to move that into the model itself. ActiveRecord::Base provides an `after_initialize` callback which is a good way to refactor this.
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|
122
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### Form code
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|
124
|
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Now that you have a model instance, with the appropriate methods and associated object(s), you can start building the nested model form.
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126
|
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#### Standard form
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|
128
|
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Start out with a regular RESTful form:
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|
130
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```erb
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<%= form_for @person do |f| %>
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<%= f.text_field :name %>
|
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<% end %>
|
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```
|
135
|
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|
136
|
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This will generate the following html:
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137
|
-
|
138
|
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```html
|
139
|
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<form action="/people" class="new_person" id="new_person" method="post">
|
140
|
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<input id="person_name" name="person[name]" type="text" />
|
141
|
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</form>
|
142
|
-
```
|
143
|
-
|
144
|
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#### Nested form for a single associated object
|
145
|
-
|
146
|
-
Now add a nested form for the `address` association:
|
147
|
-
|
148
|
-
```erb
|
149
|
-
<%= form_for @person do |f| %>
|
150
|
-
<%= f.text_field :name %>
|
151
|
-
|
152
|
-
<%= f.fields_for :address do |af| %>
|
153
|
-
<%= af.text_field :street %>
|
154
|
-
<% end %>
|
155
|
-
<% end %>
|
156
|
-
```
|
157
|
-
|
158
|
-
This generates:
|
159
|
-
|
160
|
-
```html
|
161
|
-
<form action="/people" class="new_person" id="new_person" method="post">
|
162
|
-
<input id="person_name" name="person[name]" type="text" />
|
163
|
-
|
164
|
-
<input id="person_address_attributes_street" name="person[address_attributes][street]" type="text" />
|
165
|
-
</form>
|
166
|
-
```
|
167
|
-
|
168
|
-
Notice that `fields_for` recognized the `address` as an association for which a nested model form should be built by the way it has namespaced the `name` attribute.
|
169
|
-
|
170
|
-
When this form is posted the Rails parameter parser will construct a hash like the following:
|
171
|
-
|
172
|
-
```ruby
|
173
|
-
{
|
174
|
-
"person" => {
|
175
|
-
"name" => "Eloy Duran",
|
176
|
-
"address_attributes" => {
|
177
|
-
"street" => "Nieuwe Prinsengracht"
|
178
|
-
}
|
179
|
-
}
|
180
|
-
}
|
181
|
-
```
|
182
|
-
|
183
|
-
That's it. The controller will simply pass this hash on to the model from the `create` action. The model will then handle building the `address` association for you and automatically save it when the parent (`person`) is saved.
|
184
|
-
|
185
|
-
#### Nested form for a collection of associated objects
|
186
|
-
|
187
|
-
The form code for an association collection is pretty similar to that of a single associated object:
|
188
|
-
|
189
|
-
```erb
|
190
|
-
<%= form_for @person do |f| %>
|
191
|
-
<%= f.text_field :name %>
|
192
|
-
|
193
|
-
<%= f.fields_for :projects do |pf| %>
|
194
|
-
<%= pf.text_field :name %>
|
195
|
-
<% end %>
|
196
|
-
<% end %>
|
197
|
-
```
|
198
|
-
|
199
|
-
Which generates:
|
200
|
-
|
201
|
-
```html
|
202
|
-
<form action="/people" class="new_person" id="new_person" method="post">
|
203
|
-
<input id="person_name" name="person[name]" type="text" />
|
204
|
-
|
205
|
-
<input id="person_projects_attributes_0_name" name="person[projects_attributes][0][name]" type="text" />
|
206
|
-
<input id="person_projects_attributes_1_name" name="person[projects_attributes][1][name]" type="text" />
|
207
|
-
</form>
|
208
|
-
```
|
209
|
-
|
210
|
-
As you can see it has generated 2 `project name` inputs, one for each new `project` that was built in the controller's `new` action. Only this time the `name` attribute of the input contains a digit as an extra namespace. This will be parsed by the Rails parameter parser as:
|
211
|
-
|
212
|
-
```ruby
|
213
|
-
{
|
214
|
-
"person" => {
|
215
|
-
"name" => "Eloy Duran",
|
216
|
-
"projects_attributes" => {
|
217
|
-
"0" => { "name" => "Project 1" },
|
218
|
-
"1" => { "name" => "Project 2" }
|
219
|
-
}
|
220
|
-
}
|
221
|
-
}
|
222
|
-
```
|
223
|
-
|
224
|
-
You can basically see the `projects_attributes` hash as an array of attribute hashes, one for each model instance.
|
225
|
-
|
226
|
-
NOTE: The reason that `fields_for` constructed a hash instead of an array is that it won't work for any form nested deeper than one level deep.
|
227
|
-
|
228
|
-
TIP: You _can_ however pass an array to the writer method generated by `accepts_nested_attributes_for` if you're using plain Ruby or some other API access. See (TODO) for more info and example.
|