rails 4.2.6.rc1 → 5.2.8.1

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  1. checksums.yaml +5 -5
  2. data/README.md +24 -12
  3. metadata +54 -248
  4. data/guides/CHANGELOG.md +0 -73
  5. data/guides/Rakefile +0 -79
  6. data/guides/assets/images/akshaysurve.jpg +0 -0
  7. data/guides/assets/images/belongs_to.png +0 -0
  8. data/guides/assets/images/book_icon.gif +0 -0
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  19. data/guides/assets/images/getting_started/article_with_comments.png +0 -0
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  21. data/guides/assets/images/getting_started/confirm_dialog.png +0 -0
  22. data/guides/assets/images/getting_started/forbidden_attributes_for_new_article.png +0 -0
  23. data/guides/assets/images/getting_started/form_with_errors.png +0 -0
  24. data/guides/assets/images/getting_started/index_action_with_edit_link.png +0 -0
  25. data/guides/assets/images/getting_started/new_article.png +0 -0
  26. data/guides/assets/images/getting_started/rails_welcome.png +0 -0
  27. data/guides/assets/images/getting_started/routing_error_no_controller.png +0 -0
  28. data/guides/assets/images/getting_started/routing_error_no_route_matches.png +0 -0
  29. data/guides/assets/images/getting_started/show_action_for_articles.png +0 -0
  30. data/guides/assets/images/getting_started/template_is_missing_articles_new.png +0 -0
  31. data/guides/assets/images/getting_started/unknown_action_create_for_articles.png +0 -0
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  33. data/guides/assets/images/grey_bullet.gif +0 -0
  34. data/guides/assets/images/habtm.png +0 -0
  35. data/guides/assets/images/has_many.png +0 -0
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  37. data/guides/assets/images/has_one.png +0 -0
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  39. data/guides/assets/images/header_backdrop.png +0 -0
  40. data/guides/assets/images/header_tile.gif +0 -0
  41. data/guides/assets/images/i18n/demo_html_safe.png +0 -0
  42. data/guides/assets/images/i18n/demo_localized_pirate.png +0 -0
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  45. data/guides/assets/images/i18n/demo_translation_missing.png +0 -0
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  47. data/guides/assets/images/icons/README +0 -5
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  77. data/guides/assets/images/rails4_features.png +0 -0
  78. data/guides/assets/images/rails_guides_kindle_cover.jpg +0 -0
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  89. data/guides/assets/javascripts/guides.js +0 -59
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  117. data/guides/assets/javascripts/syntaxhighlighter/shCore.js +0 -17
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  119. data/guides/assets/stylesheets/kindle.css +0 -11
  120. data/guides/assets/stylesheets/main.css +0 -713
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  143. data/guides/bug_report_templates/action_controller_gem.rb +0 -47
  144. data/guides/bug_report_templates/action_controller_master.rb +0 -54
  145. data/guides/bug_report_templates/active_record_gem.rb +0 -40
  146. data/guides/bug_report_templates/active_record_master.rb +0 -49
  147. data/guides/bug_report_templates/generic_gem.rb +0 -15
  148. data/guides/bug_report_templates/generic_master.rb +0 -26
  149. data/guides/rails_guides/generator.rb +0 -248
  150. data/guides/rails_guides/helpers.rb +0 -53
  151. data/guides/rails_guides/indexer.rb +0 -68
  152. data/guides/rails_guides/kindle.rb +0 -119
  153. data/guides/rails_guides/levenshtein.rb +0 -37
  154. data/guides/rails_guides/markdown/renderer.rb +0 -82
  155. data/guides/rails_guides/markdown.rb +0 -167
  156. data/guides/rails_guides.rb +0 -63
  157. data/guides/source/2_2_release_notes.md +0 -435
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  218. data/guides/w3c_validator.rb +0 -97
@@ -1,433 +0,0 @@
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- Active Record and PostgreSQL
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- ============================
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-
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- This guide covers PostgreSQL specific usage of Active Record.
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-
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- After reading this guide, you will know:
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-
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- * How to use PostgreSQL's datatypes.
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- * How to use UUID primary keys.
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- * How to implement full text search with PostgreSQL.
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- * How to back your Active Record models with database views.
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-
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- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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-
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- In order to use the PostgreSQL adapter you need to have at least version 8.2
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- installed. Older versions are not supported.
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-
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- To get started with PostgreSQL have a look at the
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- [configuring Rails guide](configuring.html#configuring-a-postgresql-database).
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- It describes how to properly setup Active Record for PostgreSQL.
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-
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- Datatypes
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- ---------
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-
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- PostgreSQL offers a number of specific datatypes. Following is a list of types,
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- that are supported by the PostgreSQL adapter.
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-
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- ### Bytea
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-
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- * [type definition](http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.3/static/datatype-binary.html)
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- * [functions and operators](http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.3/static/functions-binarystring.html)
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-
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- ```ruby
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- # db/migrate/20140207133952_create_documents.rb
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- create_table :documents do |t|
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- t.binary 'payload'
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- end
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-
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- # app/models/document.rb
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- class Document < ActiveRecord::Base
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- end
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-
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- # Usage
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- data = File.read(Rails.root + "tmp/output.pdf")
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- Document.create payload: data
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- ```
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-
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- ### Array
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-
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- * [type definition](http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.3/static/arrays.html)
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- * [functions and operators](http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.3/static/functions-array.html)
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-
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- ```ruby
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- # db/migrate/20140207133952_create_books.rb
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- create_table :books do |t|
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- t.string 'title'
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- t.string 'tags', array: true
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- t.integer 'ratings', array: true
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- end
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- add_index :books, :tags, using: 'gin'
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- add_index :books, :ratings, using: 'gin'
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-
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- # app/models/book.rb
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- class Book < ActiveRecord::Base
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- end
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-
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- # Usage
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- Book.create title: "Brave New World",
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- tags: ["fantasy", "fiction"],
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- ratings: [4, 5]
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-
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- ## Books for a single tag
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- Book.where("'fantasy' = ANY (tags)")
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-
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- ## Books for multiple tags
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- Book.where("tags @> ARRAY[?]::varchar[]", ["fantasy", "fiction"])
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-
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- ## Books with 3 or more ratings
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- Book.where("array_length(ratings, 1) >= 3")
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- ```
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-
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- ### Hstore
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-
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- * [type definition](http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.3/static/hstore.html)
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-
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- ```ruby
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- # db/migrate/20131009135255_create_profiles.rb
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- ActiveRecord::Schema.define do
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- create_table :profiles do |t|
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- t.hstore 'settings'
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- end
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- end
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-
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- # app/models/profile.rb
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- class Profile < ActiveRecord::Base
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- end
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-
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- # Usage
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- Profile.create(settings: { "color" => "blue", "resolution" => "800x600" })
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- profile = Profile.first
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- profile.settings # => {"color"=>"blue", "resolution"=>"800x600"}
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- profile.settings = {"color" => "yellow", "resolution" => "1280x1024"}
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- profile.save!
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- ```
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-
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- ### JSON
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-
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- * [type definition](http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.3/static/datatype-json.html)
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- * [functions and operators](http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.3/static/functions-json.html)
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-
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- ```ruby
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- # db/migrate/20131220144913_create_events.rb
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- create_table :events do |t|
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- t.json 'payload'
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- end
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-
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- # app/models/event.rb
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- class Event < ActiveRecord::Base
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- end
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-
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- # Usage
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- Event.create(payload: { kind: "user_renamed", change: ["jack", "john"]})
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-
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- event = Event.first
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- event.payload # => {"kind"=>"user_renamed", "change"=>["jack", "john"]}
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-
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- ## Query based on JSON document
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- # The -> operator returns the original JSON type (which might be an object), whereas ->> returns text
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- Event.where("payload->>'kind' = ?", "user_renamed")
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- ```
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-
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- ### Range Types
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-
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- * [type definition](http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.3/static/rangetypes.html)
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- * [functions and operators](http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.3/static/functions-range.html)
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-
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- This type is mapped to Ruby [`Range`](http://www.ruby-doc.org/core-2.1.1/Range.html) objects.
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-
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- ```ruby
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- # db/migrate/20130923065404_create_events.rb
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- create_table :events do |t|
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- t.daterange 'duration'
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- end
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-
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- # app/models/event.rb
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- class Event < ActiveRecord::Base
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- end
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-
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- # Usage
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- Event.create(duration: Date.new(2014, 2, 11)..Date.new(2014, 2, 12))
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-
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- event = Event.first
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- event.duration # => Tue, 11 Feb 2014...Thu, 13 Feb 2014
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-
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- ## All Events on a given date
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- Event.where("duration @> ?::date", Date.new(2014, 2, 12))
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-
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- ## Working with range bounds
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- event = Event.
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- select("lower(duration) AS starts_at").
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- select("upper(duration) AS ends_at").first
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-
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- event.starts_at # => Tue, 11 Feb 2014
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- event.ends_at # => Thu, 13 Feb 2014
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- ```
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-
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- ### Composite Types
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-
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- * [type definition](http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.3/static/rowtypes.html)
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-
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- Currently there is no special support for composite types. They are mapped to
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- normal text columns:
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-
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- ```sql
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- CREATE TYPE full_address AS
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- (
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- city VARCHAR(90),
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- street VARCHAR(90)
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- );
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- ```
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-
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- ```ruby
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- # db/migrate/20140207133952_create_contacts.rb
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- execute <<-SQL
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- CREATE TYPE full_address AS
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- (
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- city VARCHAR(90),
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- street VARCHAR(90)
191
- );
192
- SQL
193
- create_table :contacts do |t|
194
- t.column :address, :full_address
195
- end
196
-
197
- # app/models/contact.rb
198
- class Contact < ActiveRecord::Base
199
- end
200
-
201
- # Usage
202
- Contact.create address: "(Paris,Champs-Élysées)"
203
- contact = Contact.first
204
- contact.address # => "(Paris,Champs-Élysées)"
205
- contact.address = "(Paris,Rue Basse)"
206
- contact.save!
207
- ```
208
-
209
- ### Enumerated Types
210
-
211
- * [type definition](http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.3/static/datatype-enum.html)
212
-
213
- Currently there is no special support for enumerated types. They are mapped as
214
- normal text columns:
215
-
216
- ```ruby
217
- # db/migrate/20131220144913_create_articles.rb
218
- execute <<-SQL
219
- CREATE TYPE article_status AS ENUM ('draft', 'published');
220
- SQL
221
- create_table :articles do |t|
222
- t.column :status, :article_status
223
- end
224
-
225
- # app/models/article.rb
226
- class Article < ActiveRecord::Base
227
- end
228
-
229
- # Usage
230
- Article.create status: "draft"
231
- article = Article.first
232
- article.status # => "draft"
233
-
234
- article.status = "published"
235
- article.save!
236
- ```
237
-
238
- ### UUID
239
-
240
- * [type definition](http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.3/static/datatype-uuid.html)
241
- * [generator functions](http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.3/static/uuid-ossp.html)
242
-
243
-
244
- ```ruby
245
- # db/migrate/20131220144913_create_revisions.rb
246
- create_table :revisions do |t|
247
- t.column :identifier, :uuid
248
- end
249
-
250
- # app/models/revision.rb
251
- class Revision < ActiveRecord::Base
252
- end
253
-
254
- # Usage
255
- Revision.create identifier: "A0EEBC99-9C0B-4EF8-BB6D-6BB9BD380A11"
256
-
257
- revision = Revision.first
258
- revision.identifier # => "a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11"
259
- ```
260
-
261
- ### Bit String Types
262
-
263
- * [type definition](http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.3/static/datatype-bit.html)
264
- * [functions and operators](http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.3/static/functions-bitstring.html)
265
-
266
- ```ruby
267
- # db/migrate/20131220144913_create_users.rb
268
- create_table :users, force: true do |t|
269
- t.column :settings, "bit(8)"
270
- end
271
-
272
- # app/models/device.rb
273
- class User < ActiveRecord::Base
274
- end
275
-
276
- # Usage
277
- User.create settings: "01010011"
278
- user = User.first
279
- user.settings # => "01010011"
280
- user.settings = "0xAF"
281
- user.settings # => 10101111
282
- user.save!
283
- ```
284
-
285
- ### Network Address Types
286
-
287
- * [type definition](http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.3/static/datatype-net-types.html)
288
-
289
- The types `inet` and `cidr` are mapped to Ruby
290
- [`IPAddr`](http://www.ruby-doc.org/stdlib-2.1.1/libdoc/ipaddr/rdoc/IPAddr.html)
291
- objects. The `macaddr` type is mapped to normal text.
292
-
293
- ```ruby
294
- # db/migrate/20140508144913_create_devices.rb
295
- create_table(:devices, force: true) do |t|
296
- t.inet 'ip'
297
- t.cidr 'network'
298
- t.macaddr 'address'
299
- end
300
-
301
- # app/models/device.rb
302
- class Device < ActiveRecord::Base
303
- end
304
-
305
- # Usage
306
- macbook = Device.create(ip: "192.168.1.12",
307
- network: "192.168.2.0/24",
308
- address: "32:01:16:6d:05:ef")
309
-
310
- macbook.ip
311
- # => #<IPAddr: IPv4:192.168.1.12/255.255.255.255>
312
-
313
- macbook.network
314
- # => #<IPAddr: IPv4:192.168.2.0/255.255.255.0>
315
-
316
- macbook.address
317
- # => "32:01:16:6d:05:ef"
318
- ```
319
-
320
- ### Geometric Types
321
-
322
- * [type definition](http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.3/static/datatype-geometric.html)
323
-
324
- All geometric types, with the exception of `points` are mapped to normal text.
325
- A point is casted to an array containing `x` and `y` coordinates.
326
-
327
-
328
- UUID Primary Keys
329
- -----------------
330
-
331
- NOTE: you need to enable the `uuid-ossp` extension to generate UUIDs.
332
-
333
- ```ruby
334
- # db/migrate/20131220144913_create_devices.rb
335
- enable_extension 'uuid-ossp' unless extension_enabled?('uuid-ossp')
336
- create_table :devices, id: :uuid, default: 'uuid_generate_v4()' do |t|
337
- t.string :kind
338
- end
339
-
340
- # app/models/device.rb
341
- class Device < ActiveRecord::Base
342
- end
343
-
344
- # Usage
345
- device = Device.create
346
- device.id # => "814865cd-5a1d-4771-9306-4268f188fe9e"
347
- ```
348
-
349
- Full Text Search
350
- ----------------
351
-
352
- ```ruby
353
- # db/migrate/20131220144913_create_documents.rb
354
- create_table :documents do |t|
355
- t.string 'title'
356
- t.string 'body'
357
- end
358
-
359
- execute "CREATE INDEX documents_idx ON documents USING gin(to_tsvector('english', title || ' ' || body));"
360
-
361
- # app/models/document.rb
362
- class Document < ActiveRecord::Base
363
- end
364
-
365
- # Usage
366
- Document.create(title: "Cats and Dogs", body: "are nice!")
367
-
368
- ## all documents matching 'cat & dog'
369
- Document.where("to_tsvector('english', title || ' ' || body) @@ to_tsquery(?)",
370
- "cat & dog")
371
- ```
372
-
373
- Database Views
374
- --------------
375
-
376
- * [view creation](http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.3/static/sql-createview.html)
377
-
378
- Imagine you need to work with a legacy database containing the following table:
379
-
380
- ```
381
- rails_pg_guide=# \d "TBL_ART"
382
- Table "public.TBL_ART"
383
- Column | Type | Modifiers
384
- ------------+-----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------
385
- INT_ID | integer | not null default nextval('"TBL_ART_INT_ID_seq"'::regclass)
386
- STR_TITLE | character varying |
387
- STR_STAT | character varying | default 'draft'::character varying
388
- DT_PUBL_AT | timestamp without time zone |
389
- BL_ARCH | boolean | default false
390
- Indexes:
391
- "TBL_ART_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree ("INT_ID")
392
- ```
393
-
394
- This table does not follow the Rails conventions at all.
395
- Because simple PostgreSQL views are updateable by default,
396
- we can wrap it as follows:
397
-
398
- ```ruby
399
- # db/migrate/20131220144913_create_articles_view.rb
400
- execute <<-SQL
401
- CREATE VIEW articles AS
402
- SELECT "INT_ID" AS id,
403
- "STR_TITLE" AS title,
404
- "STR_STAT" AS status,
405
- "DT_PUBL_AT" AS published_at,
406
- "BL_ARCH" AS archived
407
- FROM "TBL_ART"
408
- WHERE "BL_ARCH" = 'f'
409
- SQL
410
-
411
- # app/models/article.rb
412
- class Article < ActiveRecord::Base
413
- self.primary_key = "id"
414
- def archive!
415
- update_attribute :archived, true
416
- end
417
- end
418
-
419
- # Usage
420
- first = Article.create! title: "Winter is coming",
421
- status: "published",
422
- published_at: 1.year.ago
423
- second = Article.create! title: "Brace yourself",
424
- status: "draft",
425
- published_at: 1.month.ago
426
-
427
- Article.count # => 1
428
- first.archive!
429
- Article.count # => 2
430
- ```
431
-
432
- NOTE: This application only cares about non-archived `Articles`. A view also
433
- allows for conditions so we can exclude the archived `Articles` directly.