rails 4.2.6.rc1 → 5.2.8.1

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  2. data/README.md +24 -12
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  5. data/guides/Rakefile +0 -79
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@@ -1,339 +0,0 @@
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- Active Job Basics
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- =================
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-
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- This guide provides you with all you need to get started in creating,
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- enqueueing and executing background jobs.
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-
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- After reading this guide, you will know:
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-
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- * How to create jobs.
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- * How to enqueue jobs.
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- * How to run jobs in the background.
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- * How to send emails from your application async.
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-
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- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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-
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-
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- Introduction
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- ------------
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-
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- Active Job is a framework for declaring jobs and making them run on a variety
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- of queueing backends. These jobs can be everything from regularly scheduled
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- clean-ups, to billing charges, to mailings. Anything that can be chopped up
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- into small units of work and run in parallel, really.
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-
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-
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- The Purpose of Active Job
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- -----------------------------
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- The main point is to ensure that all Rails apps will have a job infrastructure
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- in place, even if it's in the form of an "immediate runner". We can then have
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- framework features and other gems build on top of that, without having to
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- worry about API differences between various job runners such as Delayed Job
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- and Resque. Picking your queuing backend becomes more of an operational concern,
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- then. And you'll be able to switch between them without having to rewrite your jobs.
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-
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-
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- Creating a Job
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- --------------
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-
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- This section will provide a step-by-step guide to creating a job and enqueuing it.
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-
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- ### Create the Job
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-
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- Active Job provides a Rails generator to create jobs. The following will create a
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- job in `app/jobs` (with an attached test case under `test/jobs`):
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-
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- ```bash
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- $ bin/rails generate job guests_cleanup
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- invoke test_unit
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- create test/jobs/guests_cleanup_job_test.rb
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- create app/jobs/guests_cleanup_job.rb
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- ```
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-
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- You can also create a job that will run on a specific queue:
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-
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- ```bash
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- $ bin/rails generate job guests_cleanup --queue urgent
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- ```
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-
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- If you don't want to use a generator, you could create your own file inside of
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- `app/jobs`, just make sure that it inherits from `ActiveJob::Base`.
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-
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- Here's what a job looks like:
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-
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- ```ruby
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- class GuestsCleanupJob < ActiveJob::Base
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- queue_as :default
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-
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- def perform(*guests)
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- # Do something later
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- end
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- end
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- ```
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-
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- Note that you can define `perform` with as many arguments as you want.
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-
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- ### Enqueue the Job
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-
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- Enqueue a job like so:
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-
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- ```ruby
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- # Enqueue a job to be performed as soon the queuing system is
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- # free.
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- GuestsCleanupJob.perform_later guest
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- ```
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-
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- ```ruby
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- # Enqueue a job to be performed tomorrow at noon.
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- GuestsCleanupJob.set(wait_until: Date.tomorrow.noon).perform_later(guest)
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- ```
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-
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- ```ruby
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- # Enqueue a job to be performed 1 week from now.
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- GuestsCleanupJob.set(wait: 1.week).perform_later(guest)
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- ```
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-
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- ```ruby
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- # `perform_now` and `perform_later` will call `perform` under the hood so
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- # you can pass as many arguments as defined in the latter.
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- GuestsCleanupJob.perform_later(guest1, guest2, filter: 'some_filter')
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- ```
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-
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- That's it!
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-
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- Job Execution
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- -------------
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-
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- If no adapter is set, the job is immediately executed.
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-
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- ### Backends
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-
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- Active Job has built-in adapters for multiple queueing backends (Sidekiq,
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- Resque, Delayed Job and others). To get an up-to-date list of the adapters
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- see the API Documentation for [ActiveJob::QueueAdapters](http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveJob/QueueAdapters.html).
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-
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- ### Setting the Backend
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-
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- You can easily set your queueing backend:
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-
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- ```ruby
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- # config/application.rb
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- module YourApp
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- class Application < Rails::Application
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- # Be sure to have the adapter's gem in your Gemfile and follow
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- # the adapter's specific installation and deployment instructions.
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- config.active_job.queue_adapter = :sidekiq
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- end
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- end
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- ```
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-
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-
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- Queues
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- ------
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-
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- Most of the adapters support multiple queues. With Active Job you can schedule
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- the job to run on a specific queue:
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-
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- ```ruby
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- class GuestsCleanupJob < ActiveJob::Base
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- queue_as :low_priority
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- #....
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- end
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- ```
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-
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- You can prefix the queue name for all your jobs using
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- `config.active_job.queue_name_prefix` in `application.rb`:
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-
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- ```ruby
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- # config/application.rb
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- module YourApp
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- class Application < Rails::Application
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- config.active_job.queue_name_prefix = Rails.env
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- end
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- end
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-
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- # app/jobs/guests_cleanup.rb
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- class GuestsCleanupJob < ActiveJob::Base
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- queue_as :low_priority
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- #....
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- end
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-
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- # Now your job will run on queue production_low_priority on your
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- # production environment and on staging_low_priority on your staging
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- # environment
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- ```
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-
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- The default queue name prefix delimiter is '\_'. This can be changed by setting
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- `config.active_job.queue_name_delimiter` in `application.rb`:
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-
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- ```ruby
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- # config/application.rb
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- module YourApp
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- class Application < Rails::Application
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- config.active_job.queue_name_prefix = Rails.env
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- config.active_job.queue_name_delimiter = '.'
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- end
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- end
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-
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- # app/jobs/guests_cleanup.rb
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- class GuestsCleanupJob < ActiveJob::Base
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- queue_as :low_priority
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- #....
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- end
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-
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- # Now your job will run on queue production.low_priority on your
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- # production environment and on staging.low_priority on your staging
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- # environment
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- ```
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-
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- If you want more control on what queue a job will be run you can pass a `:queue`
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- option to `#set`:
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-
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- ```ruby
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- MyJob.set(queue: :another_queue).perform_later(record)
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- ```
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-
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- To control the queue from the job level you can pass a block to `#queue_as`. The
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- block will be executed in the job context (so you can access `self.arguments`)
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- and you must return the queue name:
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-
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- ```ruby
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- class ProcessVideoJob < ActiveJob::Base
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- queue_as do
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- video = self.arguments.first
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- if video.owner.premium?
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- :premium_videojobs
206
- else
207
- :videojobs
208
- end
209
- end
210
-
211
- def perform(video)
212
- # do process video
213
- end
214
- end
215
-
216
- ProcessVideoJob.perform_later(Video.last)
217
- ```
218
-
219
- NOTE: Make sure your queueing backend "listens" on your queue name. For some
220
- backends you need to specify the queues to listen to.
221
-
222
-
223
- Callbacks
224
- ---------
225
-
226
- Active Job provides hooks during the lifecycle of a job. Callbacks allow you to
227
- trigger logic during the lifecycle of a job.
228
-
229
- ### Available callbacks
230
-
231
- * `before_enqueue`
232
- * `around_enqueue`
233
- * `after_enqueue`
234
- * `before_perform`
235
- * `around_perform`
236
- * `after_perform`
237
-
238
- ### Usage
239
-
240
- ```ruby
241
- class GuestsCleanupJob < ActiveJob::Base
242
- queue_as :default
243
-
244
- before_enqueue do |job|
245
- # do something with the job instance
246
- end
247
-
248
- around_perform do |job, block|
249
- # do something before perform
250
- block.call
251
- # do something after perform
252
- end
253
-
254
- def perform
255
- # Do something later
256
- end
257
- end
258
- ```
259
-
260
-
261
- Action Mailer
262
- ------------
263
-
264
- One of the most common jobs in a modern web application is sending emails outside
265
- of the request-response cycle, so the user doesn't have to wait on it. Active Job
266
- is integrated with Action Mailer so you can easily send emails asynchronously:
267
-
268
- ```ruby
269
- # If you want to send the email now use #deliver_now
270
- UserMailer.welcome(@user).deliver_now
271
-
272
- # If you want to send the email through Active Job use #deliver_later
273
- UserMailer.welcome(@user).deliver_later
274
- ```
275
-
276
-
277
- Internationalization
278
- --------------------
279
-
280
- Each job uses the `I18n.locale` set when the job was created. Useful if you send
281
- emails asynchronously:
282
-
283
- ```ruby
284
- I18n.locale = :eo
285
-
286
- UserMailer.welcome(@user).deliver_later # Email will be localized to Esparanto.
287
- ```
288
-
289
-
290
- GlobalID
291
- --------
292
-
293
- Active Job supports GlobalID for parameters. This makes it possible to pass live
294
- Active Record objects to your job instead of class/id pairs, which you then have
295
- to manually deserialize. Before, jobs would look like this:
296
-
297
- ```ruby
298
- class TrashableCleanupJob < ActiveJob::Base
299
- def perform(trashable_class, trashable_id, depth)
300
- trashable = trashable_class.constantize.find(trashable_id)
301
- trashable.cleanup(depth)
302
- end
303
- end
304
- ```
305
-
306
- Now you can simply do:
307
-
308
- ```ruby
309
- class TrashableCleanupJob < ActiveJob::Base
310
- def perform(trashable, depth)
311
- trashable.cleanup(depth)
312
- end
313
- end
314
- ```
315
-
316
- This works with any class that mixes in `GlobalID::Identification`, which
317
- by default has been mixed into Active Model classes.
318
-
319
-
320
- Exceptions
321
- ----------
322
-
323
- Active Job provides a way to catch exceptions raised during the execution of the
324
- job:
325
-
326
- ```ruby
327
-
328
- class GuestsCleanupJob < ActiveJob::Base
329
- queue_as :default
330
-
331
- rescue_from(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) do |exception|
332
- # do something with the exception
333
- end
334
-
335
- def perform
336
- # Do something later
337
- end
338
- end
339
- ```