rails 4.2.0.beta3 → 4.2.0.beta4

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98
+ <li><a class="nav-item" href="credits.html">Credits</a></li>
99
+ <li class="guides-index guides-index-small">
100
+ <select class="guides-index-item nav-item">
101
+ <option value="index.html">Guides Index</option>
102
+ <optgroup label="Start Here">
103
+ <option value="getting_started.html">Getting Started with Rails</option>
104
+ </optgroup>
105
+ <optgroup label="Models">
106
+ <option value="active_record_basics.html">Active Record Basics</option>
107
+ <option value="active_record_migrations.html">Active Record Migrations</option>
108
+ <option value="active_record_validations.html">Active Record Validations</option>
109
+ <option value="active_record_callbacks.html">Active Record Callbacks</option>
110
+ <option value="association_basics.html">Active Record Associations</option>
111
+ <option value="active_record_querying.html">Active Record Query Interface</option>
112
+ </optgroup>
113
+ <optgroup label="Views">
114
+ <option value="layouts_and_rendering.html">Layouts and Rendering in Rails</option>
115
+ <option value="form_helpers.html">Action View Form Helpers</option>
116
+ </optgroup>
117
+ <optgroup label="Controllers">
118
+ <option value="action_controller_overview.html">Action Controller Overview</option>
119
+ <option value="routing.html">Rails Routing from the Outside In</option>
120
+ </optgroup>
121
+ <optgroup label="Digging Deeper">
122
+ <option value="active_support_core_extensions.html">Active Support Core Extensions</option>
123
+ <option value="i18n.html">Rails Internationalization API</option>
124
+ <option value="action_mailer_basics.html">Action Mailer Basics</option>
125
+ <option value="active_job_basics.html">Active Job Basics</option>
126
+ <option value="security.html">Securing Rails Applications</option>
127
+ <option value="debugging_rails_applications.html">Debugging Rails Applications</option>
128
+ <option value="configuring.html">Configuring Rails Applications</option>
129
+ <option value="command_line.html">Rails Command Line Tools and Rake Tasks</option>
130
+ <option value="asset_pipeline.html">Asset Pipeline</option>
131
+ <option value="working_with_javascript_in_rails.html">Working with JavaScript in Rails</option>
132
+ </optgroup>
133
+ <optgroup label="Extending Rails">
134
+ <option value="rails_on_rack.html">Rails on Rack</option>
135
+ <option value="generators.html">Creating and Customizing Rails Generators</option>
136
+ </optgroup>
137
+ <optgroup label="Contributing to Ruby on Rails">
138
+ <option value="contributing_to_ruby_on_rails.html">Contributing to Ruby on Rails</option>
139
+ <option value="api_documentation_guidelines.html">API Documentation Guidelines</option>
140
+ <option value="ruby_on_rails_guides_guidelines.html">Ruby on Rails Guides Guidelines</option>
141
+ </optgroup>
142
+ <optgroup label="Maintenance Policy">
143
+ <option value="maintenance_policy.html">Maintenance Policy</option>
144
+ </optgroup>
145
+ <optgroup label="Release Notes">
146
+ <option value="upgrading_ruby_on_rails.html">Upgrading Ruby on Rails</option>
147
+ <option value="4_1_release_notes.html">Ruby on Rails 4.1 Release Notes</option>
148
+ <option value="4_0_release_notes.html">Ruby on Rails 4.0 Release Notes</option>
149
+ <option value="3_2_release_notes.html">Ruby on Rails 3.2 Release Notes</option>
150
+ <option value="3_1_release_notes.html">Ruby on Rails 3.1 Release Notes</option>
151
+ <option value="3_0_release_notes.html">Ruby on Rails 3.0 Release Notes</option>
152
+ <option value="2_3_release_notes.html">Ruby on Rails 2.3 Release Notes</option>
153
+ <option value="2_2_release_notes.html">Ruby on Rails 2.2 Release Notes</option>
154
+ </optgroup>
155
+ </select>
156
+ </li>
157
+ </ul>
158
+ </div>
159
+ </div>
160
+ <hr class="hide" />
161
+
162
+ <div id="feature">
163
+ <div class="wrapper">
164
+ <h2>Ruby on Rails 4.2 Release Notes</h2><p>Highlights in Rails 4.2:</p>
165
+ <ul>
166
+ <li>Active Job, Action Mailer #deliver_later</li>
167
+ <li>Adequate Record</li>
168
+ <li>Web Console</li>
169
+ <li>Foreign key support</li>
170
+ </ul>
171
+ <p>These release notes cover only the major changes. To know about various bug
172
+ fixes and changes, please refer to the change logs or check out the
173
+ <a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commits/master">list of commits</a> in the main
174
+ Rails repository on GitHub.</p>
175
+
176
+ <div id="subCol">
177
+ <h3 class="chapter"><img src="images/chapters_icon.gif" alt="" />Chapters</h3>
178
+ <ol class="chapters">
179
+ <li><a href="#upgrading-to-rails-4.2">Upgrading to Rails 4.2</a></li>
180
+ <li>
181
+ <a href="#major-features">Major Features</a>
182
+
183
+ <ul>
184
+ <li><a href="#active-job,-action-mailer-#deliver_later">Active Job, Action Mailer #deliver_later</a></li>
185
+ <li><a href="#adequate-record">Adequate Record</a></li>
186
+ <li><a href="#web-console">Web Console</a></li>
187
+ <li><a href="#foreign-key-support">Foreign key support</a></li>
188
+ </ul>
189
+ </li>
190
+ <li>
191
+ <a href="#railties">Railties</a>
192
+
193
+ <ul>
194
+ <li><a href="#railties-removals">Removals</a></li>
195
+ <li><a href="#railties-deprecations">Deprecations</a></li>
196
+ <li><a href="#railties-notable-changes">Notable changes</a></li>
197
+ </ul>
198
+ </li>
199
+ <li>
200
+ <a href="#action-pack">Action Pack</a>
201
+
202
+ <ul>
203
+ <li><a href="#action-pack-removals">Removals</a></li>
204
+ <li><a href="#action-pack-deprecations">Deprecations</a></li>
205
+ <li><a href="#action-pack-notable-changes">Notable changes</a></li>
206
+ </ul>
207
+ </li>
208
+ <li>
209
+ <a href="#action-view">Action View</a>
210
+
211
+ <ul>
212
+ <li><a href="#action-view-deprecations">Deprecations</a></li>
213
+ <li><a href="#action-view-notable-changes">Notable changes</a></li>
214
+ </ul>
215
+ </li>
216
+ <li>
217
+ <a href="#action-mailer">Action Mailer</a>
218
+
219
+ <ul>
220
+ <li><a href="#action-mailer-deprecations">Deprecations</a></li>
221
+ <li><a href="#action-mailer-notable-changes">Notable changes</a></li>
222
+ </ul>
223
+ </li>
224
+ <li>
225
+ <a href="#active-record">Active Record</a>
226
+
227
+ <ul>
228
+ <li><a href="#active-record-removals">Removals</a></li>
229
+ <li><a href="#active-record-deprecations">Deprecations</a></li>
230
+ <li><a href="#active-record-notable-changes">Notable changes</a></li>
231
+ </ul>
232
+ </li>
233
+ <li>
234
+ <a href="#active-model">Active Model</a>
235
+
236
+ <ul>
237
+ <li><a href="#active-model-removals">Removals</a></li>
238
+ <li><a href="#active-model-deprecations">Deprecations</a></li>
239
+ <li><a href="#active-model-notable-changes">Notable changes</a></li>
240
+ </ul>
241
+ </li>
242
+ <li>
243
+ <a href="#active-support">Active Support</a>
244
+
245
+ <ul>
246
+ <li><a href="#removals">Removals</a></li>
247
+ <li><a href="#deprecations">Deprecations</a></li>
248
+ <li><a href="#notable-changes">Notable changes</a></li>
249
+ </ul>
250
+ </li>
251
+ <li><a href="#credits">Credits</a></li>
252
+ </ol>
253
+
254
+ </div>
255
+
256
+ </div>
257
+ </div>
258
+
259
+ <div id="container">
260
+ <div class="wrapper">
261
+ <div id="mainCol">
262
+ <div class="note"><p>This document is a work in progress, please help to improve this by sending
263
+ a <a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/edit/master/guides/source/upgrading_ruby_on_rails.md">pull request</a>.</p></div><h3 id="upgrading-to-rails-4.2">1 Upgrading to Rails 4.2</h3><p>If you're upgrading an existing application, it's a great idea to have good test
264
+ coverage before going in. You should also first upgrade to Rails 4.1 in case you
265
+ haven't and make sure your application still runs as expected before attempting
266
+ to upgrade to Rails 4.2. A list of things to watch out for when upgrading is
267
+ available in the
268
+ <a href="upgrading_ruby_on_rails.html#upgrading-from-rails-4.1-to-rails-4.2">Upgrading Ruby on Rails</a>
269
+ guide.</p><h3 id="major-features">2 Major Features</h3><h4 id="active-job,-action-mailer-#deliver_later">2.1 Active Job, Action Mailer #deliver_later</h4><p>Active Job is a new framework in Rails 4.2. It is an adapter layer on top of
270
+ queuing systems like Resque, Delayed Job, Sidekiq, and more. You can write your
271
+ jobs to Active Job, and it'll run on all these queues with no changes. (It comes
272
+ pre-configured with an inline runner.)</p><p>Building on top of Active Job, Action Mailer now comes with a #deliver_later
273
+ method, which adds your email to be sent as a job to a queue, so it doesn't
274
+ bog down the controller or model.</p><p>The new GlobalID library makes it easy to pass Active Record objects to jobs by
275
+ serializing them in a generic form. This means you no longer have to manually
276
+ pack and unpack your Active Records by passing ids. Just give the job the
277
+ straight Active Record object, and it'll serialize it using GlobalID, and
278
+ deserialize it at run time.</p><h4 id="adequate-record">2.2 Adequate Record</h4><p>Rails 4.2 comes with a performance improvement feature called Adequate Record
279
+ for Active Record. A lot of common queries are now up to twice as fast in Rails
280
+ 4.2!</p><div class="todo"><p>add some technical details</p></div><h4 id="web-console">2.3 Web Console</h4><p>New applications generated from Rails 4.2 now comes with the Web Console gem by
281
+ default.</p><p>Web Console is an IRB console available in the browser. In development mode, you
282
+ can go to /console and do your work right there. It will also be made available
283
+ on all exception pages and allows you to jump between the different points in
284
+ the backtrace.</p><h4 id="foreign-key-support">2.4 Foreign key support</h4><p>The migration DSL now supports adding and removing foreign keys. They are dumped
285
+ to <code>schema.rb</code> as well. At this time, only the <code>mysql</code>, <code>mysql2</code> and <code>postgresql</code>
286
+ adapters support foreign keys.</p><div class="code_container">
287
+ <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
288
+ # add a foreign key to `articles.author_id` referencing `authors.id`
289
+ add_foreign_key :articles, :authors
290
+
291
+ # add a foreign key to `articles.author_id` referencing `users.lng_id`
292
+ add_foreign_key :articles, :users, column: :author_id, primary_key: "lng_id"
293
+
294
+ # remove the foreign key on `accounts.branch_id`
295
+ remove_foreign_key :accounts, :branches
296
+
297
+ # remove the foreign key on `accounts.owner_id`
298
+ remove_foreign_key :accounts, column: :owner_id
299
+
300
+ </pre>
301
+ </div>
302
+ <p>See the API documentation on
303
+ <a href="http://api.rubyonrails.org/v4.2.0/classes/ActiveRecord/ConnectionAdapters/SchemaStatements.html#method-i-add_foreign_key">add_foreign_key</a>
304
+ and
305
+ <a href="http://api.rubyonrails.org/v4.2.0/classes/ActiveRecord/ConnectionAdapters/SchemaStatements.html#method-i-remove_foreign_key">remove_foreign_key</a>
306
+ for a full description.</p><h3 id="railties">3 Railties</h3><p>Please refer to the <a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-2-stable/railties/CHANGELOG.md">Changelog</a> for detailed changes.</p><h4 id="railties-removals">3.1 Removals</h4>
307
+ <ul>
308
+ <li> The <code>rails application</code> command has been removed without replacement.
309
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/11616">Pull Request</a>)</li>
310
+ </ul>
311
+ <h4 id="railties-deprecations">3.2 Deprecations</h4>
312
+ <ul>
313
+ <li> Deprecated <code>Rails::Rack::LogTailer</code> without replacement.
314
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/84a13e019e93efaa8994b3f8303d635a7702dbce">Commit</a>)</li>
315
+ </ul>
316
+ <h4 id="railties-notable-changes">3.3 Notable changes</h4>
317
+ <ul>
318
+ <li><p> Introduced <code>web-console</code> in the default application Gemfile.
319
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16532">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
320
+ <li><p> Added a <code>required</code> option to the model generator for associations.
321
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16062">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
322
+ <li><p> Introduced an <code>after_bundle</code> callback for use in Rails templates.
323
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16359">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
324
+ <li>
325
+ <p> Introduced the <code>x</code> namespace for defining custom configuration options:</p>
326
+ <div class="code_container">
327
+ <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
328
+ # config/environments/production.rb
329
+ config.x.payment_processing.schedule = :daily
330
+ config.x.payment_processing.retries = 3
331
+ config.x.super_debugger = true
332
+
333
+ </pre>
334
+ </div>
335
+ <p>These options are then available through the configuration object:</p>
336
+ <div class="code_container">
337
+ <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
338
+ Rails.configuration.x.payment_processing.schedule # =&gt; :daily
339
+ Rails.configuration.x.payment_processing.retries # =&gt; 3
340
+ Rails.configuration.x.super_debugger # =&gt; true
341
+
342
+ </pre>
343
+ </div>
344
+ <p>(<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/611849772dd66c2e4d005dcfe153f7ce79a8a7db">Commit</a>)</p>
345
+ </li>
346
+ <li>
347
+ <p> Introduced <code>Rails::Application.config_for</code> to load a configuration for the
348
+ current environment.</p>
349
+ <div class="code_container">
350
+ <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
351
+ # config/exception_notification.yml:
352
+ production:
353
+ url: http://127.0.0.1:8080
354
+ namespace: my_app_production
355
+ development:
356
+ url: http://localhost:3001
357
+ namespace: my_app_development
358
+
359
+ # config/production.rb
360
+ MyApp::Application.configure do
361
+ config.middleware.use ExceptionNotifier, config_for(:exception_notification)
362
+ end
363
+
364
+ </pre>
365
+ </div>
366
+ <p>(<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16129">Pull Request</a>)</p>
367
+ </li>
368
+ <li><p> Introduced a <code>--skip-gems</code> option in the app generator to skip gems such as
369
+ <code>turbolinks</code> and <code>coffee-rails</code> that does not have their own specific flags.
370
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/10565895805887d4faf004a6f71219da177f78b7">Commit</a>)</p></li>
371
+ <li><p> Introduced a <code>bin/setup</code> script to enable automated setup code when
372
+ bootstrapping an application.
373
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15189">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
374
+ <li><p> Changed default value for <code>config.assets.digest</code> to <code>true</code> in development.
375
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15155">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
376
+ <li><p> Introduced an API to register new extensions for <code>rake notes</code>.
377
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/14379">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
378
+ <li><p> Introduced <code>Rails.gem_version</code> as a convenience method to return <code>Gem::Version.new(Rails.version)</code>.
379
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/14101">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
380
+ <li><p> Introduced an <code>after_bundle</code> callback in the Rails templates.
381
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16359">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
382
+ </ul>
383
+ <h3 id="action-pack">4 Action Pack</h3><p>Please refer to the <a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-2-stable/actionpack/CHANGELOG.md">Changelog</a> for detailed changes.</p><h4 id="action-pack-removals">4.1 Removals</h4>
384
+ <ul>
385
+ <li><p> <code>respond_with</code> and the class-level <code>respond_to</code> were removed from Rails and
386
+ moved to the <code>responders</code> gem (version 2.0). Add <code>gem 'responders', '~&gt; 2.0'</code>
387
+ to your <code>Gemfile</code> to continue using these features.
388
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16526">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
389
+ <li><p> Removed deprecated <code>AbstractController::Helpers::ClassMethods::MissingHelperError</code>
390
+ in favor of <code>AbstractController::Helpers::MissingHelperError</code>.
391
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/a1ddde15ae0d612ff2973de9cf768ed701b594e8">Commit</a>)</p></li>
392
+ </ul>
393
+ <h4 id="action-pack-deprecations">4.2 Deprecations</h4>
394
+ <ul>
395
+ <li><p> Deprecated <code>assert_tag</code>, <code>assert_no_tag</code>, <code>find_tag</code> and <code>find_all_tag</code> in
396
+ favor of <code>assert_select</code>.
397
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails-dom-testing/commit/b12850bc5ff23ba4b599bf2770874dd4f11bf750">Commit</a>)</p></li>
398
+ <li>
399
+ <p> Deprecated support for setting the <code>:to</code> option of a router to a symbol or a
400
+ string that does not contain a <code>#</code> character:</p>
401
+ <div class="code_container">
402
+ <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
403
+ get '/posts', to: MyRackApp =&gt; (No change necessary)
404
+ get '/posts', to: 'post#index' =&gt; (No change necessary)
405
+ get '/posts', to: 'posts' =&gt; get '/posts', controller: :posts
406
+ get '/posts', to: :index =&gt; get '/posts', action: :index
407
+
408
+ </pre>
409
+ </div>
410
+ <p>(<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/cc26b6b7bccf0eea2e2c1a9ebdcc9d30ca7390d9">Commit</a>)</p>
411
+ </li>
412
+ </ul>
413
+ <h4 id="action-pack-notable-changes">4.3 Notable changes</h4>
414
+ <ul>
415
+ <li><p> Rails will now automatically include the template's digest in ETags.
416
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16527">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
417
+ <li><p> <code>render nothing: true</code> or rendering a <code>nil</code> body no longer add a single
418
+ space padding to the response body.
419
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/14883">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
420
+ <li><p> Introduced the <code>always_permitted_parameters</code> option to configure which
421
+ parameters are permitted globally. The default value of this configuration
422
+ is <code>['controller', 'action']</code>.
423
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15933">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
424
+ <li>
425
+ <p> The <code>*_filter</code> family methods have been removed from the documentation. Their
426
+ usage is discouraged in favor of the <code>*_action</code> family methods:</p>
427
+ <div class="code_container">
428
+ <pre class="brush: plain; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
429
+ after_filter =&gt; after_action
430
+ append_after_filter =&gt; append_after_action
431
+ append_around_filter =&gt; append_around_action
432
+ append_before_filter =&gt; append_before_action
433
+ around_filter =&gt; around_action
434
+ before_filter =&gt; before_action
435
+ prepend_after_filter =&gt; prepend_after_action
436
+ prepend_around_filter =&gt; prepend_around_action
437
+ prepend_before_filter =&gt; prepend_before_action
438
+ skip_after_filter =&gt; skip_after_action
439
+ skip_around_filter =&gt; skip_around_action
440
+ skip_before_filter =&gt; skip_before_action
441
+ skip_filter =&gt; skip_action_callback
442
+
443
+ </pre>
444
+ </div>
445
+ <p>If your application is depending on these methods, you should use the
446
+ replacement <code>*_action</code> methods instead. These methods will be deprecated in
447
+ the future and eventually removed from Rails.</p>
448
+ <p>(Commit <a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/6c5f43bab8206747a8591435b2aa0ff7051ad3de">1</a>,
449
+ <a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/489a8f2a44dc9cea09154ee1ee2557d1f037c7d4">2</a>)</p>
450
+ </li>
451
+ <li><p> Added HTTP method <code>MKCALENDAR</code> from RFC-4791
452
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15121">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
453
+ <li><p> <code>*_fragment.action_controller</code> notifications now include the controller and action name
454
+ in the payload.
455
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/14137">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
456
+ <li><p> Segments that are passed into URL helpers are now automatically escaped.
457
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/5460591f0226a9d248b7b4f89186bd5553e7768f">Commit</a>)</p></li>
458
+ <li><p> Improved the Routing Error page with fuzzy matching for route search.
459
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/14619">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
460
+ <li><p> Added an option to disable logging of CSRF failures.
461
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/14280">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
462
+ </ul>
463
+ <h3 id="action-view">5 Action View</h3><p>Please refer to the <a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-2-stable/actionview/CHANGELOG.md">Changelog</a> for detailed changes.</p><h4 id="action-view-deprecations">5.1 Deprecations</h4>
464
+ <ul>
465
+ <li><p> Deprecated <code>AbstractController::Base.parent_prefixes</code>.
466
+ Override <code>AbstractController::Base.local_prefixes</code> when you want to change
467
+ where to find views.
468
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15026">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
469
+ <li><p> Deprecated <code>ActionView::Digestor#digest(name, format, finder, options = {})</code>.
470
+ Arguments should be passed as a hash instead.
471
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/14243">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
472
+ </ul>
473
+ <h4 id="action-view-notable-changes">5.2 Notable changes</h4>
474
+ <ul>
475
+ <li><p> Introduced a <code>#{partial_name}_iteration</code> special local variable for use with
476
+ partials that are rendered with a collection. It provides access to the
477
+ current state of the iteration via the <code>#index</code>, <code>#size</code>, <code>#first?</code> and
478
+ <code>#last?</code> methods.
479
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/7698">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
480
+ <li><p> The form helpers no longer generate a <code>&lt;div&gt;</code> element with inline CSS around
481
+ the hidden fields.
482
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/14738">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
483
+ </ul>
484
+ <h3 id="action-mailer">6 Action Mailer</h3><p>Please refer to the <a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-2-stable/actionmailer/CHANGELOG.md">Changelog</a> for detailed changes.</p><h4 id="action-mailer-deprecations">6.1 Deprecations</h4>
485
+ <ul>
486
+ <li> Deprecated <code>*_path</code> helpers in mailers. Always use <code>*_url</code> helpers instead.
487
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15840">Pull Request</a>)</li>
488
+ </ul>
489
+ <h4 id="action-mailer-notable-changes">6.2 Notable changes</h4>
490
+ <ul>
491
+ <li><p> Introduced <code>deliver_later</code> which enqueues a job on the application's queue
492
+ to deliver the mailer asynchronously.
493
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16485">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
494
+ <li><p> Added the <code>show_previews</code> configuration option for enabling mailer previews
495
+ outside of the development environment.
496
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15970">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
497
+ </ul>
498
+ <h3 id="active-record">7 Active Record</h3><p>Please refer to the
499
+ <a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-2-stable/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md">Changelog</a>
500
+ for detailed changes.</p><h4 id="active-record-removals">7.1 Removals</h4>
501
+ <ul>
502
+ <li><p> Removed <code>cache_attributes</code> and friends. All attributes are cached.
503
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15429">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
504
+ <li><p> Removed deprecated method <code>ActiveRecord::Base.quoted_locking_column</code>.
505
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15612">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
506
+ <li><p> Removed deprecated <code>ActiveRecord::Migrator.proper_table_name</code>. Use the
507
+ <code>proper_table_name</code> instance method on <code>ActiveRecord::Migration</code> instead.
508
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15512">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
509
+ <li><p> Removed unused <code>:timestamp</code> type. Transparently alias it to <code>:datetime</code>
510
+ in all cases. Fixes inconsistencies when column types are sent outside of
511
+ <code>ActiveRecord</code>, such as for XML Serialization.
512
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15184">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
513
+ </ul>
514
+ <h4 id="active-record-deprecations">7.2 Deprecations</h4>
515
+ <ul>
516
+ <li><p> Deprecated swallowing of errors inside <code>after_commit</code> and <code>after_rollback</code>.
517
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16537">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
518
+ <li><p> Deprecated calling <code>DatabaseTasks.load_schema</code> without a connection. Use
519
+ <code>DatabaseTasks.load_schema_current</code> instead.
520
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/f15cef67f75e4b52fd45655d7c6ab6b35623c608">Commit</a>)</p></li>
521
+ <li><p> Deprecated <code>Reflection#source_macro</code> without replacement as it is no longer
522
+ needed in Active Record.
523
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16373">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
524
+ <li><p> Deprecated broken support for automatic detection of counter caches on
525
+ <code>has_many :through</code> associations. You should instead manually specify the
526
+ counter cache on the <code>has_many</code> and <code>belongs_to</code> associations for the
527
+ through records.
528
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15754">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
529
+ <li><p> Deprecated <code>serialized_attributes</code> without replacement.
530
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15704">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
531
+ <li><p> Deprecated returning <code>nil</code> from <code>column_for_attribute</code> when no column
532
+ exists. It will return a null object in Rails 5.0
533
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15878">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
534
+ <li><p> Deprecated using <code>.joins</code>, <code>.preload</code> and <code>.eager_load</code> with associations
535
+ that depends on the instance state (i.e. those defined with a scope that
536
+ takes an argument) without replacement.
537
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/ed56e596a0467390011bc9d56d462539776adac1">Commit</a>)</p></li>
538
+ <li><p> Deprecated passing Active Record objects to <code>.find</code> or <code>.exists?</code>. Call
539
+ <code>#id</code> on the objects first.
540
+ (Commit <a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/d92ae6ccca3bcfd73546d612efaea011270bd270">1</a>,
541
+ <a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/d35f0033c7dec2b8d8b52058fb8db495d49596f7">2</a>)</p></li>
542
+ <li>
543
+ <p> Deprecated half-baked support for PostgreSQL range values with excluding
544
+ beginnings. We currently map PostgreSQL ranges to Ruby ranges. This conversion
545
+ is not fully possible because the Ruby range does not support excluded
546
+ beginnings.</p>
547
+ <p>The current solution of incrementing the beginning is not correct
548
+ and is now deprecated. For subtypes where we don't know how to increment
549
+ (e.g. <code>#succ</code> is not defined) it will raise an <code>ArgumentError</code> for ranges
550
+ with excluding beginnings.</p>
551
+ <p>(<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/91949e48cf41af9f3e4ffba3e5eecf9b0a08bfc3">Commit</a>)</p>
552
+ </li>
553
+ </ul>
554
+ <h4 id="active-record-notable-changes">7.3 Notable changes</h4>
555
+ <ul>
556
+ <li><p> The PostgreSQL adapter now supports the <code>JSONB</code> datatype in PostgreSQL 9.4+.
557
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16220">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
558
+ <li><p> The <code>#references</code> method in migrations now supports a <code>type</code> option for
559
+ specifying the type of the foreign key (e.g. <code>:uuid</code>).
560
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16231">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
561
+ <li><p> Added a <code>:required</code> option to singular associations, which defines a
562
+ presence validation on the association.
563
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16056">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
564
+ <li><p> Introduced <code>ActiveRecord::Base#validate!</code> that raises <code>RecordInvalid</code> if the
565
+ record is invalid.
566
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/8639">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
567
+ <li><p> <code>ActiveRecord::Base#reload</code> now behaves the same as <code>m = Model.find(m.id)</code>,
568
+ meaning that it no longer retains the extra attributes from custom
569
+ <code>select</code>s.
570
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15866">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
571
+ <li><p> Introduced the <code>bin/rake db:purge</code> task to empty the database for the
572
+ current environment.
573
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/e2f232aba15937a4b9d14bd91e0392c6d55be58d">Commit</a>)</p></li>
574
+ <li><p> <code>ActiveRecord::Dirty</code> now detects in-place changes to mutable values.
575
+ Serialized attributes on ActiveRecord models will no longer save when
576
+ unchanged. This also works with other types such as string columns and json
577
+ columns on PostgreSQL.
578
+ (Pull Requests <a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15674">1</a>,
579
+ <a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15786">2</a>,
580
+ <a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15788">3</a>)</p></li>
581
+ <li><p> Added support for <code>#pretty_print</code> in <code>ActiveRecord::Base</code> objects.
582
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15172">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
583
+ <li><p> PostgreSQL and SQLite adapters no longer add a default limit of 255
584
+ characters on string columns.
585
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/14579">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
586
+ <li><p> <code>sqlite3:///some/path</code> now resolves to the absolute system path
587
+ <code>/some/path</code>. For relative paths, use <code>sqlite3:some/path</code> instead.
588
+ (Previously, <code>sqlite3:///some/path</code> resolved to the relative path
589
+ <code>some/path</code>. This behaviour was deprecated on Rails 4.1.)
590
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/14569">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
591
+ <li><p> Introduced <code>#validate</code> as an alias for <code>#valid?</code>.
592
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/14456">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
593
+ <li><p> <code>#touch</code> now accepts multiple attributes to be touched at once.
594
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/14423">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
595
+ <li><p> Added support for fractional seconds for MySQL 5.6 and above.
596
+ (Pull Request <a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/8240">1</a>,
597
+ <a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/14359">2</a>)</p></li>
598
+ <li><p> Added support for the <code>citext</code> column type in PostgreSQL adapter.
599
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/12523">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
600
+ <li><p> Added support for user-created range types in PostgreSQL adapter.
601
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/4cb47167e747e8f9dc12b0ddaf82bdb68c03e032">Commit</a>)</p></li>
602
+ </ul>
603
+ <h3 id="active-model">8 Active Model</h3><p>Please refer to the <a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-2-stable/activemodel/CHANGELOG.md">Changelog</a> for detailed changes.</p><h4 id="active-model-removals">8.1 Removals</h4>
604
+ <ul>
605
+ <li> Removed deprecated <code>Validator#setup</code> without replacement.
606
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/10716">Pull Request</a>)</li>
607
+ </ul>
608
+ <h4 id="active-model-deprecations">8.2 Deprecations</h4>
609
+ <ul>
610
+ <li><p> Deprecated reset_#{attribute} in favor of restore_#{attribute}.
611
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16180">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
612
+ <li><p> Deprecated ActiveModel::Dirty#reset_changes in favor of #clear_changes_information.
613
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16180">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
614
+ </ul>
615
+ <h4 id="active-model-notable-changes">8.3 Notable changes</h4>
616
+ <ul>
617
+ <li><p> Introduced the <code>restore_attributes</code> method in <code>ActiveModel::Dirty</code> to restore
618
+ the changed (dirty) attributes to their previous values.
619
+ (Pull Request <a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/14861">1</a>, <a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16180">2</a>)</p></li>
620
+ <li><p> <code>has_secure_password</code> no longer disallow blank passwords (i.e. passwords
621
+ that contains only spaces) by default.
622
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16412">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
623
+ <li><p> <code>has_secure_password</code> now verifies that the given password is less than 72
624
+ characters if validations are enabled.
625
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15708">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
626
+ <li><p> Introduced <code>#validate</code> as an alias for <code>#valid?</code>.
627
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/14456">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
628
+ </ul>
629
+ <h3 id="active-support">9 Active Support</h3><p>Please refer to the <a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-2-stable/activesupport/CHANGELOG.md">Changelog</a> for detailed changes.</p><h4 id="removals">9.1 Removals</h4>
630
+ <ul>
631
+ <li><p> Removed deprecated <code>Numeric#ago</code>, <code>Numeric#until</code>, <code>Numeric#since</code>,
632
+ <code>Numeric#from_now</code>.
633
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/f1eddea1e3f6faf93581c43651348f48b2b7d8bb">Commit</a>)</p></li>
634
+ <li><p> Removed deprecated string based terminators for <code>ActiveSupport::Callbacks</code>.
635
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15100">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
636
+ </ul>
637
+ <h4 id="deprecations">9.2 Deprecations</h4>
638
+ <ul>
639
+ <li><p> Deprecated <code>Kernel#silence_stderr</code>, <code>Kernel#capture</code> and <code>Kernel#quietly</code>
640
+ without replacement.
641
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/13392">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
642
+ <li><p> Deprecated <code>Class#superclass_delegating_accessor</code>, use
643
+ <code>Class#class_attribute</code> instead.
644
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/14271">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
645
+ <li><p> Deprecated <code>ActiveSupport::SafeBuffer#prepend!</code> as
646
+ <code>ActiveSupport::SafeBuffer#prepend</code> now performs the same function.
647
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/14529">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
648
+ </ul>
649
+ <h4 id="notable-changes">9.3 Notable changes</h4>
650
+ <ul>
651
+ <li><p> The <code>travel_to</code> test helper now truncates the <code>usec</code> component to 0.
652
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/9f6e82ee4783e491c20f5244a613fdeb4024beb5">Commit</a>)</p></li>
653
+ <li><p> <code>ActiveSupport::TestCase</code> now randomizes the order that test cases are ran
654
+ by default.
655
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/6ffb29d24e05abbd9ffe3ea974140d6c70221807">Commit</a>)</p></li>
656
+ <li><p> Introduced <code>Object#itself</code> as an identity function.
657
+ (Commit <a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/702ad710b57bef45b081ebf42e6fa70820fdd810">1</a>,
658
+ <a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/64d91122222c11ad3918cc8e2e3ebc4b0a03448a">2</a>)</p></li>
659
+ <li><p> <code>Object#with_options</code> can now be used without an explicit receiver.
660
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16339">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
661
+ <li><p> Introduced <code>String#truncate_words</code> to truncate a string by a number of words.
662
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16190">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
663
+ <li><p> Added <code>Hash#transform_values</code> and <code>Hash#transform_values!</code> to simplify a
664
+ common pattern where the values of a hash must change, but the keys are left
665
+ the same.
666
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15819">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
667
+ <li><p> The <code>humanize</code> inflector helper now strips any leading underscores.
668
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/daaa21bc7d20f2e4ff451637423a25ff2d5e75c7">Commit</a>)</p></li>
669
+ <li><p> Introduced <code>Concern#class_methods</code> as an alternative to
670
+ <code>module ClassMethods</code>, as well as <code>Kernel#concern</code> to avoid the
671
+ <code>module Foo; extend ActiveSupport::Concern; end</code> boilerplate.
672
+ (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/b16c36e688970df2f96f793a759365b248b582ad">Commit</a>)</p></li>
673
+ </ul>
674
+ <h3 id="credits">10 Credits</h3><p>See the
675
+ <a href="http://contributors.rubyonrails.org/">full list of contributors to Rails</a> for
676
+ the many people who spent many hours making Rails the stable and robust
677
+ framework it is today. Kudos to all of them.</p>
678
+
679
+ <h3>Feedback</h3>
680
+ <p>
681
+ You're encouraged to help improve the quality of this guide.
682
+ </p>
683
+ <p>
684
+ Please contribute if you see any typos or factual errors.
685
+ To get started, you can read our <a href="http://edgeguides.rubyonrails.org/contributing_to_ruby_on_rails.html#contributing-to-the-rails-documentation">documentation contributions</a> section.
686
+ </p>
687
+ <p>
688
+ You may also find incomplete content, or stuff that is not up to date.
689
+ Please do add any missing documentation for master. Make sure to check
690
+ <a href="http://edgeguides.rubyonrails.org">Edge Guides</a> first to verify
691
+ if the issues are already fixed or not on the master branch.
692
+ Check the <a href="ruby_on_rails_guides_guidelines.html">Ruby on Rails Guides Guidelines</a>
693
+ for style and conventions.
694
+ </p>
695
+ <p>
696
+ If for whatever reason you spot something to fix but cannot patch it yourself, please
697
+ <a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/issues">open an issue</a>.
698
+ </p>
699
+ <p>And last but not least, any kind of discussion regarding Ruby on Rails
700
+ documentation is very welcome in the <a href="http://groups.google.com/group/rubyonrails-docs">rubyonrails-docs mailing list</a>.
701
+ </p>
702
+ </div>
703
+ </div>
704
+ </div>
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+
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+ <hr class="hide" />
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+ <div id="footer">
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+ <div class="wrapper">
709
+ <p>This work is licensed under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International</a> License</p>
710
+ <p>"Rails", "Ruby on Rails", and the Rails logo are trademarks of David Heinemeier Hansson. All rights reserved.</p>
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+
712
+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ <script type="text/javascript" src="javascripts/jquery.min.js"></script>
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