RubyGems - rails - Versions diffs - 4.2.0.beta3 → 4.2.0.beta4 - Mend

rails 4.2.0.beta3 → 4.2.0.beta4

This diff represents the content of publicly available package versions that have been released to one of the supported registries. The information contained in this diff is provided for informational purposes only and reflects changes between package versions as they appear in their respective public registries.

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+                  <option value="contributing_to_ruby_on_rails.html">Contributing to Ruby on Rails</option>
+                  <option value="api_documentation_guidelines.html">API Documentation Guidelines</option>
+                  <option value="ruby_on_rails_guides_guidelines.html">Ruby on Rails Guides Guidelines</option>
+              </optgroup>
+              <optgroup label="Maintenance Policy">
+                  <option value="maintenance_policy.html">Maintenance Policy</option>
+              </optgroup>
+              <optgroup label="Release Notes">
+                  <option value="upgrading_ruby_on_rails.html">Upgrading Ruby on Rails</option>
+                  <option value="4_1_release_notes.html">Ruby on Rails 4.1 Release Notes</option>
+                  <option value="4_0_release_notes.html">Ruby on Rails 4.0 Release Notes</option>
+                  <option value="3_2_release_notes.html">Ruby on Rails 3.2 Release Notes</option>
+                  <option value="3_1_release_notes.html">Ruby on Rails 3.1 Release Notes</option>
+                  <option value="3_0_release_notes.html">Ruby on Rails 3.0 Release Notes</option>
+                  <option value="2_3_release_notes.html">Ruby on Rails 2.3 Release Notes</option>
+                  <option value="2_2_release_notes.html">Ruby on Rails 2.2 Release Notes</option>
+              </optgroup>
+          </select>
+        </li>
+      </ul>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <hr class="hide" />
+  <div id="feature">
+    <div class="wrapper">
+      <h2>Ruby on Rails 4.1 Release Notes</h2><p>Highlights in Rails 4.1:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Spring application preloader</li>
+<li><code>config/secrets.yml</code></li>
+<li>Action Pack variants</li>
+<li>Action Mailer previews</li>
+</ul>
+<p>These release notes cover only the major changes. To know about various bug
+fixes and changes, please refer to the change logs or check out the
+<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commits/master">list of commits</a> in the main
+Rails repository on GitHub.</p>
+                <div id="subCol">
+            <h3 class="chapter"><img src="images/chapters_icon.gif" alt="" />Chapters</h3>
+            <ol class="chapters">
+<li><a href="#upgrading-to-rails-4.1">Upgrading to Rails 4.1</a></li>
+<li>
+<a href="#major-features">Major Features</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#spring-application-preloader">Spring Application Preloader</a></li>
+<li><a href="#config/secrets.yml"><code>config/secrets.yml</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#action-pack-variants">Action Pack Variants</a></li>
+<li><a href="#action-mailer-previews">Action Mailer Previews</a></li>
+<li><a href="#active-record-enums">Active Record enums</a></li>
+<li><a href="#message-verifiers">Message Verifiers</a></li>
+<li><a href="#module#concerning">Module#concerning</a></li>
+<li><a href="#csrf-protection-from-remote-%3Cscript%3E-tags">CSRF protection from remote <code>&lt;script&gt;</code> tags</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>
+<a href="#railties">Railties</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#railties-removals">Removals</a></li>
+<li><a href="#railties-notable-changes">Notable changes</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>
+<a href="#action-pack">Action Pack</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#action-pack-removals">Removals</a></li>
+<li><a href="#action-pack-notable-changes">Notable changes</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>
+<a href="#action-mailer">Action Mailer</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#action-mailer-notable-changes">Notable changes</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>
+<a href="#active-record">Active Record</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#active-record-removals">Removals</a></li>
+<li><a href="#active-record-deprecations">Deprecations</a></li>
+<li><a href="#active-record-notable-changes">Notable changes</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>
+<a href="#active-model">Active Model</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#active-model-deprecations">Deprecations</a></li>
+<li><a href="#active-model-notable-changes">Notable changes</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>
+<a href="#active-support">Active Support</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#active-support-removals">Removals</a></li>
+<li><a href="#deprecations">Deprecations</a></li>
+<li><a href="#active-support-notable-changes">Notable changes</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#credits">Credits</a></li>
+</ol>
+          </div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <div id="container">
+    <div class="wrapper">
+      <div id="mainCol">
+        <h3 id="upgrading-to-rails-4.1">1 Upgrading to Rails 4.1</h3><p>If you're upgrading an existing application, it's a great idea to have good test
+coverage before going in. You should also first upgrade to Rails 4.0 in case you
+haven't and make sure your application still runs as expected before attempting
+an update to Rails 4.1. A list of things to watch out for when upgrading is
+available in the
+<a href="upgrading_ruby_on_rails.html#upgrading-from-rails-4-0-to-rails-4-1">Upgrading Ruby on Rails</a>
+guide.</p><h3 id="major-features">2 Major Features</h3><h4 id="spring-application-preloader">2.1 Spring Application Preloader</h4><p>Spring is a Rails application preloader. It speeds up development by keeping
+your application running in the background so you don't need to boot it every
+time you run a test, rake task or migration.</p><p>New Rails 4.1 applications will ship with "springified" binstubs. This means
+that <code>bin/rails</code> and <code>bin/rake</code> will automatically take advantage of preloaded
+spring environments.</p><p><strong>Running rake tasks:</strong></p><div class="code_container">
+<pre class="brush: plain; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
+bin/rake test:models
+</pre>
+</div>
+<p><strong>Running a Rails command:</strong></p><div class="code_container">
+<pre class="brush: plain; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
+bin/rails console
+</pre>
+</div>
+<p><strong>Spring introspection:</strong></p><div class="code_container">
+<pre class="brush: plain; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
+$ bin/spring status
+Spring is running:
+ 1182 spring server | my_app | started 29 mins ago
+ 3656 spring app    | my_app | started 23 secs ago | test mode
+ 3746 spring app    | my_app | started 10 secs ago | development mode
+</pre>
+</div>
+<p>Have a look at the
+<a href="https://github.com/rails/spring/blob/master/README.md">Spring README</a> to
+see all available features.</p><p>See the <a href="upgrading_ruby_on_rails.html#spring">Upgrading Ruby on Rails</a>
+guide on how to migrate existing applications to use this feature.</p><h4 id="config/secrets.yml">2.2 <code>config/secrets.yml</code>
+</h4><p>Rails 4.1 generates a new <code>secrets.yml</code> file in the <code>config</code> folder. By default,
+this file contains the application's <code>secret_key_base</code>, but it could also be
+used to store other secrets such as access keys for external APIs.</p><p>The secrets added to this file are accessible via <code>Rails.application.secrets</code>.
+For example, with the following <code>config/secrets.yml</code>:</p><div class="code_container">
+<pre class="brush: plain; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
+development:
+  secret_key_base: 3b7cd727ee24e8444053437c36cc66c3
+  some_api_key: SOMEKEY
+</pre>
+</div>
+<p><code>Rails.application.secrets.some_api_key</code> returns <code>SOMEKEY</code> in the development
+environment.</p><p>See the <a href="upgrading_ruby_on_rails.html#config-secrets-yml">Upgrading Ruby on Rails</a>
+guide on how to migrate existing applications to use this feature.</p><h4 id="action-pack-variants">2.3 Action Pack Variants</h4><p>We often want to render different HTML/JSON/XML templates for phones,
+tablets, and desktop browsers. Variants make it easy.</p><p>The request variant is a specialization of the request format, like <code>:tablet</code>,
+<code>:phone</code>, or <code>:desktop</code>.</p><p>You can set the variant in a <code>before_action</code>:</p><div class="code_container">
+<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
+request.variant = :tablet if request.user_agent =~ /iPad/
+</pre>
+</div>
+<p>Respond to variants in the action just like you respond to formats:</p><div class="code_container">
+<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
+respond_to do |format|
+  format.html do |html|
+    html.tablet # renders app/views/projects/show.html+tablet.erb
+    html.phone { extra_setup; render ... }
+  end
+end
+</pre>
+</div>
+<p>Provide separate templates for each format and variant:</p><div class="code_container">
+<pre class="brush: plain; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
+app/views/projects/show.html.erb
+app/views/projects/show.html+tablet.erb
+app/views/projects/show.html+phone.erb
+</pre>
+</div>
+<p>You can also simplify the variants definition using the inline syntax:</p><div class="code_container">
+<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
+respond_to do |format|
+  format.js         { render "trash" }
+  format.html.phone { redirect_to progress_path }
+  format.html.none  { render "trash" }
+end
+</pre>
+</div>
+<h4 id="action-mailer-previews">2.4 Action Mailer Previews</h4><p>Action Mailer previews provide a way to visually see how emails look by visiting
+a special URL that renders them.</p><p>You implement a preview class whose methods return the mail object you'd like
+to check:</p><div class="code_container">
+<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
+class NotifierPreview &lt; ActionMailer::Preview
+  def welcome
+    Notifier.welcome(User.first)
+  end
+end
+</pre>
+</div>
+<p>The preview is available in <a href="http://localhost:3000/rails/mailers/notifier/welcome">http://localhost:3000/rails/mailers/notifier/welcome</a>,
+and a list of them in <a href="http://localhost:3000/rails/mailers">http://localhost:3000/rails/mailers</a>.</p><p>By default, these preview classes live in <code>test/mailers/previews</code>.
+This can be configured using the <code>preview_path</code> option.</p><p>See its
+<a href="http://api.rubyonrails.org/v4.1.0/classes/ActionMailer/Base.html#class-ActionMailer::Base-label-Previewing+emails">documentation</a>
+for a detailed write up.</p><h4 id="active-record-enums">2.5 Active Record enums</h4><p>Declare an enum attribute where the values map to integers in the database, but
+can be queried by name.</p><div class="code_container">
+<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
+class Conversation &lt; ActiveRecord::Base
+  enum status: [ :active, :archived ]
+end
+conversation.archived!
+conversation.active? # =&gt; false
+conversation.status  # =&gt; "archived"
+Conversation.archived # =&gt; Relation for all archived Conversations
+Conversation.statuses # =&gt; { "active" =&gt; 0, "archived" =&gt; 1 }
+</pre>
+</div>
+<p>See its
+<a href="http://api.rubyonrails.org/v4.1.0/classes/ActiveRecord/Enum.html">documentation</a>
+for a detailed write up.</p><h4 id="message-verifiers">2.6 Message Verifiers</h4><p>Message verifiers can be used to generate and verify signed messages. This can
+be useful to safely transport sensitive data like remember-me tokens and
+friends.</p><p>The method <code>Rails.application.message_verifier</code> returns a new message verifier
+that signs messages with a key derived from secret_key_base and the given
+message verifier name:</p><div class="code_container">
+<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
+signed_token = Rails.application.message_verifier(:remember_me).generate(token)
+Rails.application.message_verifier(:remember_me).verify(signed_token) # =&gt; token
+Rails.application.message_verifier(:remember_me).verify(tampered_token)
+# raises ActiveSupport::MessageVerifier::InvalidSignature
+</pre>
+</div>
+<h4 id="module#concerning">2.7 Module#concerning</h4><p>A natural, low-ceremony way to separate responsibilities within a class:</p><div class="code_container">
+<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
+class Todo &lt; ActiveRecord::Base
+  concerning :EventTracking do
+    included do
+      has_many :events
+    end
+    def latest_event
+      ...
+    end
+    private
+      def some_internal_method
+        ...
+      end
+  end
+end
+</pre>
+</div>
+<p>This example is equivalent to defining a <code>EventTracking</code> module inline,
+extending it with <code>ActiveSupport::Concern</code>, then mixing it in to the
+<code>Todo</code> class.</p><p>See its
+<a href="http://api.rubyonrails.org/v4.1.0/classes/Module/Concerning.html">documentation</a>
+for a detailed write up and the intended use cases.</p><h4 id="csrf-protection-from-remote-&lt;script&gt;-tags">2.8 CSRF protection from remote <code>&lt;script&gt;</code> tags</h4><p>Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) protection now covers GET requests with
+JavaScript responses, too. That prevents a third-party site from referencing
+your JavaScript URL and attempting to run it to extract sensitive data.</p><p>This means any of your tests that hit <code>.js</code> URLs will now fail CSRF protection
+unless they use <code>xhr</code>. Upgrade your tests to be explicit about expecting
+XmlHttpRequests. Instead of <code>post :create, format: :js</code>, switch to the explicit
+<code>xhr :post, :create, format: :js</code>.</p><h3 id="railties">3 Railties</h3><p>Please refer to the
+<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-1-stable/railties/CHANGELOG.md">Changelog</a>
+for detailed changes.</p><h4 id="railties-removals">3.1 Removals</h4>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Removed <code>update:application_controller</code> rake task.</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed deprecated <code>Rails.application.railties.engines</code>.</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed deprecated <code>threadsafe!</code> from Rails Config.</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed deprecated <code>ActiveRecord::Generators::ActiveModel#update_attributes</code> in
+favor of <code>ActiveRecord::Generators::ActiveModel#update</code>.</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed deprecated <code>config.whiny_nils</code> option.</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed deprecated rake tasks for running tests: <code>rake test:uncommitted</code> and
+<code>rake test:recent</code>.</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h4 id="railties-notable-changes">3.2 Notable changes</h4>
+<ul>
+<li><p>The <a href="https://github.com/rails/spring">Spring application
+preloader</a> is now installed
+by default for new applications. It uses the development group of
+the Gemfile, so will not be installed in
+production. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/12958">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p><code>BACKTRACE</code> environment variable to show unfiltered backtraces for test
+failures. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/84eac5dab8b0fe9ee20b51250e52ad7bfea36553">Commit</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Exposed <code>MiddlewareStack#unshift</code> to environment
+configuration. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/12479">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Added <code>Application#message_verifier</code> method to return a message
+verifier. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/12995">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>The <code>test_help.rb</code> file which is required by the default generated test
+helper will automatically keep your test database up-to-date with
+<code>db/schema.rb</code> (or <code>db/structure.sql</code>). It raises an error if
+reloading the schema does not resolve all pending migrations. Opt out
+with <code>config.active_record.maintain_test_schema = false</code>. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/13528">Pull
+Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Introduce <code>Rails.gem_version</code> as a convenience method to return
+<code>Gem::Version.new(Rails.version)</code>, suggesting a more reliable way to perform
+version comparison. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/14103">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h3 id="action-pack">4 Action Pack</h3><p>Please refer to the
+<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-1-stable/actionpack/CHANGELOG.md">Changelog</a>
+for detailed changes.</p><h4 id="action-pack-removals">4.1 Removals</h4>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Removed deprecated Rails application fallback for integration testing, set
+<code>ActionDispatch.test_app</code> instead.</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed deprecated <code>page_cache_extension</code> config.</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed deprecated <code>ActionController::RecordIdentifier</code>, use
+<code>ActionView::RecordIdentifier</code> instead.</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed deprecated constants from Action Controller:</p></li>
+</ul>
+<p>  | Removed                            | Successor                       |
+  |:-----------------------------------|:--------------------------------|
+  | ActionController::AbstractRequest  | ActionDispatch::Request         |
+  | ActionController::Request          | ActionDispatch::Request         |
+  | ActionController::AbstractResponse | ActionDispatch::Response        |
+  | ActionController::Response         | ActionDispatch::Response        |
+  | ActionController::Routing          | ActionDispatch::Routing         |
+  | ActionController::Integration      | ActionDispatch::Integration     |
+  | ActionController::IntegrationTest  | ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest |</p><h4 id="action-pack-notable-changes">4.2 Notable changes</h4>
+<ul>
+<li><p><code>protect_from_forgery</code> also prevents cross-origin <code>&lt;script&gt;</code> tags.
+Update your tests to use <code>xhr :get, :foo, format: :js</code> instead of
+<code>get :foo, format: :js</code>.
+(<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/13345">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p><code>#url_for</code> takes a hash with options inside an
+array. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/9599">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Added <code>session#fetch</code> method fetch behaves similarly to
+<a href="http://www.ruby-doc.org/core-1.9.3/Hash.html#method-i-fetch">Hash#fetch</a>,
+with the exception that the returned value is always saved into the
+session. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/12692">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Separated Action View completely from Action
+Pack. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/11032">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Log which keys were affected by deep
+munge. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/13813">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>New config option <code>config.action_dispatch.perform_deep_munge</code> to opt out of
+params "deep munging" that was used to address security vulnerability
+CVE-2013-0155. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/13188">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>New config option <code>config.action_dispatch.cookies_serializer</code> for specifying a
+serializer for the signed and encrypted cookie jars. (Pull Requests
+<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/13692">1</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/13945">2</a> /
+<a href="upgrading_ruby_on_rails.html#cookies-serializer">More Details</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Added <code>render :plain</code>, <code>render :html</code> and <code>render
+:body</code>. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/14062">Pull Request</a> /
+<a href="upgrading_ruby_on_rails.html#rendering-content-from-string">More Details</a>)</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h3 id="action-mailer">5 Action Mailer</h3><p>Please refer to the
+<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-1-stable/actionmailer/CHANGELOG.md">Changelog</a>
+for detailed changes.</p><h4 id="action-mailer-notable-changes">5.1 Notable changes</h4>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Added mailer previews feature based on 37 Signals mail_view
+gem. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/d6dec7fcb6b8fddf8c170182d4fe64ecfc7b2261">Commit</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Instrument the generation of Action Mailer messages. The time it takes to
+generate a message is written to the log. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/12556">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h3 id="active-record">6 Active Record</h3><p>Please refer to the
+<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-1-stable/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md">Changelog</a>
+for detailed changes.</p><h4 id="active-record-removals">6.1 Removals</h4>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Removed deprecated nil-passing to the following <code>SchemaCache</code> methods:
+<code>primary_keys</code>, <code>tables</code>, <code>columns</code> and <code>columns_hash</code>.</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed deprecated block filter from <code>ActiveRecord::Migrator#migrate</code>.</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed deprecated String constructor from <code>ActiveRecord::Migrator</code>.</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed deprecated <code>scope</code> use without passing a callable object.</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed deprecated <code>transaction_joinable=</code> in favor of <code>begin_transaction</code>
+with a <code>:joinable</code> option.</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed deprecated <code>decrement_open_transactions</code>.</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed deprecated <code>increment_open_transactions</code>.</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed deprecated <code>PostgreSQLAdapter#outside_transaction?</code>
+method. You can use <code>#transaction_open?</code> instead.</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed deprecated <code>ActiveRecord::Fixtures.find_table_name</code> in favor of
+<code>ActiveRecord::Fixtures.default_fixture_model_name</code>.</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed deprecated <code>columns_for_remove</code> from <code>SchemaStatements</code>.</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed deprecated <code>SchemaStatements#distinct</code>.</p></li>
+<li><p>Moved deprecated <code>ActiveRecord::TestCase</code> into the Rails test
+suite. The class is no longer public and is only used for internal
+Rails tests.</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed support for deprecated option <code>:restrict</code> for <code>:dependent</code>
+in associations.</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed support for deprecated <code>:delete_sql</code>, <code>:insert_sql</code>, <code>:finder_sql</code>
+and <code>:counter_sql</code> options in associations.</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed deprecated method <code>type_cast_code</code> from Column.</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed deprecated <code>ActiveRecord::Base#connection</code> method.
+Make sure to access it via the class.</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed deprecation warning for <code>auto_explain_threshold_in_seconds</code>.</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed deprecated <code>:distinct</code> option from <code>Relation#count</code>.</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed deprecated methods <code>partial_updates</code>, <code>partial_updates?</code> and
+<code>partial_updates=</code>.</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed deprecated method <code>scoped</code>.</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed deprecated method <code>default_scopes?</code>.</p></li>
+<li><p>Remove implicit join references that were deprecated in 4.0.</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed <code>activerecord-deprecated_finders</code> as a dependency.
+Please see <a href="https://github.com/rails/activerecord-deprecated_finders#active-record-deprecated-finders">the gem README</a>
+for more info.</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed usage of <code>implicit_readonly</code>. Please use <code>readonly</code> method
+explicitly to mark records as
+<code>readonly</code>. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/10769">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h4 id="active-record-deprecations">6.2 Deprecations</h4>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Deprecated <code>quoted_locking_column</code> method, which isn't used anywhere.</p></li>
+<li><p>Deprecated <code>ConnectionAdapters::SchemaStatements#distinct</code>,
+as it is no longer used by internals. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/10556">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Deprecated <code>rake db:test:*</code> tasks as the test database is now
+automatically maintained. See railties release notes. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/13528">Pull
+Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Deprecate unused <code>ActiveRecord::Base.symbolized_base_class</code>
+and <code>ActiveRecord::Base.symbolized_sti_name</code> without
+replacement. <a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/97e7ca48c139ea5cce2fa9b4be631946252a1ebd">Commit</a></p></li>
+</ul>
+<h4 id="active-record-notable-changes">6.3 Notable changes</h4>
+<ul>
+<li>Default scopes are no longer overridden by chained conditions.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>  Before this change when you defined a <code>default_scope</code> in a model
+  it was overridden by chained conditions in the same field. Now it
+  is merged like any other scope. <a href="upgrading_ruby_on_rails.html#changes-on-default-scopes">More Details</a>.</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Added <code>ActiveRecord::Base.to_param</code> for convenient "pretty" URLs derived from
+a model's attribute or
+method. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/12891">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Added <code>ActiveRecord::Base.no_touching</code>, which allows ignoring touch on
+models. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/12772">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Unify boolean type casting for <code>MysqlAdapter</code> and <code>Mysql2Adapter</code>.
+<code>type_cast</code> will return <code>1</code> for <code>true</code> and <code>0</code> for <code>false</code>. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/12425">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p><code>.unscope</code> now removes conditions specified in
+<code>default_scope</code>. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/94924dc32baf78f13e289172534c2e71c9c8cade">Commit</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Added <code>ActiveRecord::QueryMethods#rewhere</code> which will overwrite an existing,
+named where condition. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/f950b2699f97749ef706c6939a84dfc85f0b05f2">Commit</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Extended <code>ActiveRecord::Base#cache_key</code> to take an optional list of timestamp
+attributes of which the highest will be used. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/e94e97ca796c0759d8fcb8f946a3bbc60252d329">Commit</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Added <code>ActiveRecord::Base#enum</code> for declaring enum attributes where the values
+map to integers in the database, but can be queried by
+name. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/db41eb8a6ea88b854bf5cd11070ea4245e1639c5">Commit</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Type cast json values on write, so that the value is consistent with reading
+from the database. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/12643">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Type cast hstore values on write, so that the value is consistent
+with reading from the database. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/5ac2341fab689344991b2a4817bd2bc8b3edac9d">Commit</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Make <code>next_migration_number</code> accessible for third party
+generators. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/12407">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Calling <code>update_attributes</code> will now throw an <code>ArgumentError</code> whenever it
+gets a <code>nil</code> argument. More specifically, it will throw an error if the
+argument that it gets passed does not respond to to
+<code>stringify_keys</code>. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/9860">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p><code>CollectionAssociation#first</code>/<code>#last</code> (e.g. <code>has_many</code>) use a <code>LIMIT</code>ed
+query to fetch results rather than loading the entire
+collection. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/12137">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p><code>inspect</code> on Active Record model classes does not initiate a new
+connection. This means that calling <code>inspect</code>, when the database is missing,
+will no longer raise an exception. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/11014">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed column restrictions for <code>count</code>, let the database raise if the SQL is
+invalid. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/10710">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Rails now automatically detects inverse associations. If you do not set the
+<code>:inverse_of</code> option on the association, then Active Record will guess the
+inverse association based on heuristics. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/10886">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Handle aliased attributes in ActiveRecord::Relation. When using symbol keys,
+ActiveRecord will now translate aliased attribute names to the actual column
+name used in the database. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/7839">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>The ERB in fixture files is no longer evaluated in the context of the main
+object. Helper methods used by multiple fixtures should be defined on modules
+included in <code>ActiveRecord::FixtureSet.context_class</code>. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/13022">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Don't create or drop the test database if RAILS_ENV is specified
+explicitly. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/13629">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p><code>Relation</code> no longer has mutator methods like <code>#map!</code> and <code>#delete_if</code>. Convert
+to an <code>Array</code> by calling <code>#to_a</code> before using these methods. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/13314">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p><code>find_in_batches</code>, <code>find_each</code>, <code>Result#each</code> and <code>Enumerable#index_by</code> now
+return an <code>Enumerator</code> that can calculate its
+size. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/13938">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p><code>scope</code>, <code>enum</code> and Associations now raise on "dangerous" name
+conflicts. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/13450">Pull Request</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/13896">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p><code>second</code> through <code>fifth</code> methods act like the <code>first</code>
+finder. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/13757">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Make <code>touch</code> fire the <code>after_commit</code> and <code>after_rollback</code>
+callbacks. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/12031">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Enable partial indexes for <code>sqlite &gt;= 3.8.0</code>.
+(<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/13350">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Make <code>change_column_null</code>
+revertible. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/724509a9d5322ff502aefa90dd282ba33a281a96">Commit</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Added a flag to disable schema dump after migration. This is set to <code>false</code>
+by default in the production environment for new applications.
+(<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/13948">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h3 id="active-model">7 Active Model</h3><p>Please refer to the
+<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-1-stable/activemodel/CHANGELOG.md">Changelog</a>
+for detailed changes.</p><h4 id="active-model-deprecations">7.1 Deprecations</h4>
+<ul>
+<li>Deprecate <code>Validator#setup</code>. This should be done manually now in the
+validator's constructor. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/7d84c3a2f7ede0e8d04540e9c0640de7378e9b3a">Commit</a>)</li>
+</ul>
+<h4 id="active-model-notable-changes">7.2 Notable changes</h4>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Added new API methods <code>reset_changes</code> and <code>changes_applied</code> to
+<code>ActiveModel::Dirty</code> that control changes state.</p></li>
+<li><p>Ability to specify multiple contexts when defining a
+validation. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/13754">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p><code>attribute_changed?</code> now accepts a hash to check if the attribute was changed
+<code>:from</code> and/or <code>:to</code> a given
+value. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/13131">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h3 id="active-support">8 Active Support</h3><p>Please refer to the
+<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-1-stable/activesupport/CHANGELOG.md">Changelog</a>
+for detailed changes.</p><h4 id="active-support-removals">8.1 Removals</h4>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Removed <code>MultiJSON</code> dependency. As a result, <code>ActiveSupport::JSON.decode</code>
+no longer accepts an options hash for <code>MultiJSON</code>. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/10576">Pull Request</a> / <a href="upgrading_ruby_on_rails.html#changes-in-json-handling">More Details</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed support for the <code>encode_json</code> hook used for encoding custom objects into
+JSON. This feature has been extracted into the <a href="https://github.com/rails/activesupport-json_encoder">activesupport-json_encoder</a>
+gem.
+(<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/12183">Related Pull Request</a> /
+<a href="upgrading_ruby_on_rails.html#changes-in-json-handling">More Details</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed deprecated <code>ActiveSupport::JSON::Variable</code> with no replacement.</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed deprecated <code>String#encoding_aware?</code> core extensions (<code>core_ext/string/encoding</code>).</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed deprecated <code>Module#local_constant_names</code> in favor of <code>Module#local_constants</code>.</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed deprecated <code>DateTime.local_offset</code> in favor of <code>DateTime.civil_from_format</code>.</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed deprecated <code>Logger</code> core extensions (<code>core_ext/logger.rb</code>).</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed deprecated <code>Time#time_with_datetime_fallback</code>, <code>Time#utc_time</code> and
+<code>Time#local_time</code> in favor of <code>Time#utc</code> and <code>Time#local</code>.</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed deprecated <code>Hash#diff</code> with no replacement.</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed deprecated <code>Date#to_time_in_current_zone</code> in favor of <code>Date#in_time_zone</code>.</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed deprecated <code>Proc#bind</code> with no replacement.</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed deprecated <code>Array#uniq_by</code> and <code>Array#uniq_by!</code>, use native
+<code>Array#uniq</code> and <code>Array#uniq!</code> instead.</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed deprecated <code>ActiveSupport::BasicObject</code>, use
+<code>ActiveSupport::ProxyObject</code> instead.</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed deprecated <code>BufferedLogger</code>, use <code>ActiveSupport::Logger</code> instead.</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed deprecated <code>assert_present</code> and <code>assert_blank</code> methods, use <code>assert
+object.blank?</code> and <code>assert object.present?</code> instead.</p></li>
+<li><p>Remove deprecated <code>#filter</code> method for filter objects, use the corresponding
+method instead (e.g. <code>#before</code> for a before filter).</p></li>
+<li><p>Removed 'cow' =&gt; 'kine' irregular inflection from default
+inflections. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/c300dca9963bda78b8f358dbcb59cabcdc5e1dc9">Commit</a>)</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h4 id="deprecations">8.2 Deprecations</h4>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Deprecated <code>Numeric#{ago,until,since,from_now}</code>, the user is expected to
+explicitly convert the value into an AS::Duration, i.e. <code>5.ago</code> =&gt; <code>5.seconds.ago</code>
+(<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/12389">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Deprecated the require path <code>active_support/core_ext/object/to_json</code>. Require
+<code>active_support/core_ext/object/json</code> instead. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/12203">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Deprecated <code>ActiveSupport::JSON::Encoding::CircularReferenceError</code>. This feature
+has been extracted into the <a href="https://github.com/rails/activesupport-json_encoder">activesupport-json_encoder</a>
+gem.
+(<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/12785">Pull Request</a> /
+<a href="upgrading_ruby_on_rails.html#changes-in-json-handling">More Details</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Deprecated <code>ActiveSupport.encode_big_decimal_as_string</code> option. This feature has
+been extracted into the <a href="https://github.com/rails/activesupport-json_encoder">activesupport-json_encoder</a>
+gem.
+(<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/13060">Pull Request</a> /
+<a href="upgrading_ruby_on_rails.html#changes-in-json-handling">More Details</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Deprecate custom <code>BigDecimal</code>
+serialization. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/13911">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h4 id="active-support-notable-changes">8.3 Notable changes</h4>
+<ul>
+<li><p><code>ActiveSupport</code>'s JSON encoder has been rewritten to take advantage of the
+JSON gem rather than doing custom encoding in pure-Ruby.
+(<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/12183">Pull Request</a> /
+<a href="upgrading_ruby_on_rails.html#changes-in-json-handling">More Details</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Improved compatibility with the JSON gem.
+(<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/12862">Pull Request</a> /
+<a href="upgrading_ruby_on_rails.html#changes-in-json-handling">More Details</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Added <code>ActiveSupport::Testing::TimeHelpers#travel</code> and <code>#travel_to</code>. These
+methods change current time to the given time or duration by stubbing
+<code>Time.now</code> and <code>Date.today</code>.</p></li>
+<li><p>Added <code>ActiveSupport::Testing::TimeHelpers#travel_back</code>. This method returns
+the current time to the original state, by removing the stubs added by <code>travel</code>
+and <code>travel_to</code>. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/13884">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Added <code>Numeric#in_milliseconds</code>, like <code>1.hour.in_milliseconds</code>, so we can feed
+them to JavaScript functions like
+<code>getTime()</code>. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/423249504a2b468d7a273cbe6accf4f21cb0e643">Commit</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Added <code>Date#middle_of_day</code>, <code>DateTime#middle_of_day</code> and <code>Time#middle_of_day</code>
+methods. Also added <code>midday</code>, <code>noon</code>, <code>at_midday</code>, <code>at_noon</code> and
+<code>at_middle_of_day</code> as
+aliases. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/10879">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Added <code>Date#all_week/month/quarter/year</code> for generating date
+ranges. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/9685">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Added <code>Time.zone.yesterday</code> and
+<code>Time.zone.tomorrow</code>. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/12822">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Added <code>String#remove(pattern)</code> as a short-hand for the common pattern of
+<code>String#gsub(pattern,'')</code>. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/5da23a3f921f0a4a3139495d2779ab0d3bd4cb5f">Commit</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Added <code>Hash#compact</code> and <code>Hash#compact!</code> for removing items with nil value
+from hash. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/13632">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p><code>blank?</code> and <code>present?</code> commit to return
+singletons. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/126dc47665c65cd129967cbd8a5926dddd0aa514">Commit</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Default the new <code>I18n.enforce_available_locales</code> config to <code>true</code>, meaning
+<code>I18n</code> will make sure that all locales passed to it must be declared in the
+<code>available_locales</code>
+list. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/13341">Pull Request</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Introduce <code>Module#concerning</code>: a natural, low-ceremony way to separate
+responsibilities within a
+class. (<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/1eee0ca6de975b42524105a59e0521d18b38ab81">Commit</a>)</p></li>
+<li><p>Added <code>Object#presence_in</code> to simplify value whitelisting.
+(<a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/4edca106daacc5a159289eae255207d160f22396">Commit</a>)</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h3 id="credits">9 Credits</h3><p>See the
+<a href="http://contributors.rubyonrails.org/">full list of contributors to Rails</a> for
+the many people who spent many hours making Rails, the stable and robust
+framework it is. Kudos to all of them.</p>
+        <h3>Feedback</h3>
+        <p>
+          You're encouraged to help improve the quality of this guide.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Please contribute if you see any typos or factual errors.
+          To get started, you can read our <a href="http://edgeguides.rubyonrails.org/contributing_to_ruby_on_rails.html#contributing-to-the-rails-documentation">documentation contributions</a> section.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          You may also find incomplete content, or stuff that is not up to date.
+          Please do add any missing documentation for master. Make sure to check
+          <a href="http://edgeguides.rubyonrails.org">Edge Guides</a> first to verify
+          if the issues are already fixed or not on the master branch.
+          Check the <a href="ruby_on_rails_guides_guidelines.html">Ruby on Rails Guides Guidelines</a>
+          for style and conventions.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          If for whatever reason you spot something to fix but cannot patch it yourself, please
+          <a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/issues">open an issue</a>.
+        </p>
+        <p>And last but not least, any kind of discussion regarding Ruby on Rails
+          documentation is very welcome in the <a href="http://groups.google.com/group/rubyonrails-docs">rubyonrails-docs mailing list</a>.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <hr class="hide" />
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+    <div class="wrapper">
+      <p>This work is licensed under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International</a> License</p>
+<p>"Rails", "Ruby on Rails", and the Rails logo are trademarks of David Heinemeier Hansson. All rights reserved.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
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