rails 4.2.0.beta3 → 4.2.0.beta4

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+ </div>
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+ <hr class="hide" />
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+
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+ <div id="feature">
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+ <div class="wrapper">
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+ <h2>Rails nested model forms</h2><p>Creating a form for a model <em>and</em> its associations can become quite tedious. Therefore Rails provides helpers to assist in dealing with the complexities of generating these forms <em>and</em> the required CRUD operations to create, update, and destroy associations.</p><p>After reading this guide, you will know:</p>
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+ <ul>
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+ <li>do stuff.</li>
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+ </ul>
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+
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+
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+ <div id="subCol">
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+ <h3 class="chapter"><img src="images/chapters_icon.gif" alt="" />Chapters</h3>
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+ <ol class="chapters">
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+ <li>
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+ <a href="#model-setup">Model setup</a>
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+
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+ <ul>
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+ <li><a href="#activerecord::base-model">ActiveRecord::Base model</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="#custom-model">Custom model</a></li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </li>
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+ <li>
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+ <a href="#views">Views</a>
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+
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+ <ul>
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+ <li><a href="#controller-code">Controller code</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="#form-code">Form code</a></li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </li>
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+ </ol>
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+
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ <div id="container">
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+ <div class="wrapper">
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+ <div id="mainCol">
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+ <div class="note"><p>This guide assumes the user knows how to use the <a href="form_helpers.html">Rails form helpers</a> in general. Also, it's <strong>not</strong> an API reference. For a complete reference please visit <a href="http://api.rubyonrails.org/">the Rails API documentation</a>.</p></div><h3 id="model-setup">1 Model setup</h3><p>To be able to use the nested model functionality in your forms, the model will need to support some basic operations.</p><p>First of all, it needs to define a writer method for the attribute that corresponds to the association you are building a nested model form for. The <code>fields_for</code> form helper will look for this method to decide whether or not a nested model form should be built.</p><p>If the associated object is an array, a form builder will be yielded for each object, else only a single form builder will be yielded.</p><p>Consider a Person model with an associated Address. When asked to yield a nested FormBuilder for the <code>:address</code> attribute, the <code>fields_for</code> form helper will look for a method on the Person instance named <code>address_attributes=</code>.</p><h4 id="activerecord::base-model">1.1 ActiveRecord::Base model</h4><p>For an ActiveRecord::Base model and association this writer method is commonly defined with the <code>accepts_nested_attributes_for</code> class method:</p><h5 id="has_one">1.1.1 has_one</h5><div class="code_container">
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+ <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
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+ class Person &lt; ActiveRecord::Base
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+ has_one :address
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+ accepts_nested_attributes_for :address
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+ end
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+
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+ </pre>
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+ </div>
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+ <h5 id="belongs_to">1.1.2 belongs_to</h5><div class="code_container">
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+ <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
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+ class Person &lt; ActiveRecord::Base
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+ belongs_to :firm
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+ accepts_nested_attributes_for :firm
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+ end
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+
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+ </pre>
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+ </div>
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+ <h5 id="has_many-/-has_and_belongs_to_many">1.1.3 has_many / has_and_belongs_to_many</h5><div class="code_container">
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+ <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
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+ class Person &lt; ActiveRecord::Base
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+ has_many :projects
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+ accepts_nested_attributes_for :projects
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+ end
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+
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+ </pre>
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+ </div>
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+ <h4 id="custom-model">1.2 Custom model</h4><p>As you might have inflected from this explanation, you <em>don't</em> necessarily need an ActiveRecord::Base model to use this functionality. The following examples are sufficient to enable the nested model form behavior:</p><h5 id="single-associated-object">1.2.1 Single associated object</h5><div class="code_container">
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+ <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
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+ class Person
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+ def address
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+ Address.new
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+ end
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+
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+ def address_attributes=(attributes)
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+ # ...
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+ end
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+ end
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+
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+ </pre>
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+ </div>
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+ <h5 id="association-collection">1.2.2 Association collection</h5><div class="code_container">
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+ <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
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+ class Person
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+ def projects
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+ [Project.new, Project.new]
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+ end
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+
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+ def projects_attributes=(attributes)
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+ # ...
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+ end
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+ end
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+
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+ </pre>
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="note"><p>See (TODO) in the advanced section for more information on how to deal with the CRUD operations in your custom model.</p></div><h3 id="views">2 Views</h3><h4 id="controller-code">2.1 Controller code</h4><p>A nested model form will <em>only</em> be built if the associated object(s) exist. This means that for a new model instance you would probably want to build the associated object(s) first.</p><p>Consider the following typical RESTful controller which will prepare a new Person instance and its <code>address</code> and <code>projects</code> associations before rendering the <code>new</code> template:</p><div class="code_container">
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+ <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
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+ class PeopleController &lt; ApplicationController
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+ def new
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+ @person = Person.new
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+ @person.built_address
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+ 2.times { @person.projects.build }
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+ end
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+
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+ def create
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+ @person = Person.new(params[:person])
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+ if @person.save
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+ # ...
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+ end
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+ end
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+ end
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+
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+ </pre>
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="note"><p>Obviously the instantiation of the associated object(s) can become tedious and not DRY, so you might want to move that into the model itself. ActiveRecord::Base provides an <code>after_initialize</code> callback which is a good way to refactor this.</p></div><h4 id="form-code">2.2 Form code</h4><p>Now that you have a model instance, with the appropriate methods and associated object(s), you can start building the nested model form.</p><h5 id="standard-form">2.2.1 Standard form</h5><p>Start out with a regular RESTful form:</p><div class="code_container">
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+ <pre class="brush: ruby; html-script: true; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
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+ &lt;%= form_for @person do |f| %&gt;
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+ &lt;%= f.text_field :name %&gt;
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+ &lt;% end %&gt;
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+
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+ </pre>
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+ </div>
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+ <p>This will generate the following html:</p><div class="code_container">
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+ <pre class="brush: xml; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
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+ &lt;form action="/people" class="new_person" id="new_person" method="post"&gt;
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+ &lt;input id="person_name" name="person[name]" type="text" /&gt;
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+ &lt;/form&gt;
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+
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+ </pre>
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+ </div>
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+ <h5 id="nested-form-for-a-single-associated-object">2.2.2 Nested form for a single associated object</h5><p>Now add a nested form for the <code>address</code> association:</p><div class="code_container">
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+ <pre class="brush: ruby; html-script: true; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
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+ &lt;%= form_for @person do |f| %&gt;
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+ &lt;%= f.text_field :name %&gt;
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+
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+ &lt;%= f.fields_for :address do |af| %&gt;
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+ &lt;%= af.text_field :street %&gt;
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+ &lt;% end %&gt;
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+ &lt;% end %&gt;
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+
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+ </pre>
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+ </div>
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+ <p>This generates:</p><div class="code_container">
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+ <pre class="brush: xml; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
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+ &lt;form action="/people" class="new_person" id="new_person" method="post"&gt;
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+ &lt;input id="person_name" name="person[name]" type="text" /&gt;
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+
306
+ &lt;input id="person_address_attributes_street" name="person[address_attributes][street]" type="text" /&gt;
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+ &lt;/form&gt;
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+
309
+ </pre>
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+ </div>
311
+ <p>Notice that <code>fields_for</code> recognized the <code>address</code> as an association for which a nested model form should be built by the way it has namespaced the <code>name</code> attribute.</p><p>When this form is posted the Rails parameter parser will construct a hash like the following:</p><div class="code_container">
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+ <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
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+ {
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+ "person" =&gt; {
315
+ "name" =&gt; "Eloy Duran",
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+ "address_attributes" =&gt; {
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+ "street" =&gt; "Nieuwe Prinsengracht"
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+ }
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+ }
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+ }
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+
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+ </pre>
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+ </div>
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+ <p>That's it. The controller will simply pass this hash on to the model from the <code>create</code> action. The model will then handle building the <code>address</code> association for you and automatically save it when the parent (<code>person</code>) is saved.</p><h5 id="nested-form-for-a-collection-of-associated-objects">2.2.3 Nested form for a collection of associated objects</h5><p>The form code for an association collection is pretty similar to that of a single associated object:</p><div class="code_container">
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+ <pre class="brush: ruby; html-script: true; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
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+ &lt;%= form_for @person do |f| %&gt;
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+ &lt;%= f.text_field :name %&gt;
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+
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+ &lt;%= f.fields_for :projects do |pf| %&gt;
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+ &lt;%= pf.text_field :name %&gt;
331
+ &lt;% end %&gt;
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+ &lt;% end %&gt;
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+
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+ </pre>
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+ </div>
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+ <p>Which generates:</p><div class="code_container">
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+ <pre class="brush: xml; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
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+ &lt;form action="/people" class="new_person" id="new_person" method="post"&gt;
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+ &lt;input id="person_name" name="person[name]" type="text" /&gt;
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+
341
+ &lt;input id="person_projects_attributes_0_name" name="person[projects_attributes][0][name]" type="text" /&gt;
342
+ &lt;input id="person_projects_attributes_1_name" name="person[projects_attributes][1][name]" type="text" /&gt;
343
+ &lt;/form&gt;
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+
345
+ </pre>
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+ </div>
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+ <p>As you can see it has generated 2 <code>project name</code> inputs, one for each new <code>project</code> that was built in the controller's <code>new</code> action. Only this time the <code>name</code> attribute of the input contains a digit as an extra namespace. This will be parsed by the Rails parameter parser as:</p><div class="code_container">
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+ <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
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+ {
350
+ "person" =&gt; {
351
+ "name" =&gt; "Eloy Duran",
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+ "projects_attributes" =&gt; {
353
+ "0" =&gt; { "name" =&gt; "Project 1" },
354
+ "1" =&gt; { "name" =&gt; "Project 2" }
355
+ }
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+ }
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+ }
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+
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+ </pre>
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+ </div>
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+ <p>You can basically see the <code>projects_attributes</code> hash as an array of attribute hashes, one for each model instance.</p><div class="note"><p>The reason that <code>fields_for</code> constructed a hash instead of an array is that it won't work for any form nested deeper than one level deep.</p></div><div class="info"><p>You <em>can</em> however pass an array to the writer method generated by <code>accepts_nested_attributes_for</code> if you're using plain Ruby or some other API access. See (TODO) for more info and example.</p></div>
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+
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+ <h3>Feedback</h3>
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+ <p>
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+ You're encouraged to help improve the quality of this guide.
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+ <p>
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+ Please contribute if you see any typos or factual errors.
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+ To get started, you can read our <a href="http://edgeguides.rubyonrails.org/contributing_to_ruby_on_rails.html#contributing-to-the-rails-documentation">documentation contributions</a> section.
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+ If for whatever reason you spot something to fix but cannot patch it yourself, please
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+ <a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/issues">open an issue</a>.
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+ <p>And last but not least, any kind of discussion regarding Ruby on Rails
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+ <dt>Extending Rails</dt>
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+ <dd><a href="rails_on_rack.html">Rails on Rack</a></dd>
78
+ <dd><a href="generators.html">Creating and Customizing Rails Generators</a></dd>
79
+ <dt>Contributing to Ruby on Rails</dt>
80
+ <dd><a href="contributing_to_ruby_on_rails.html">Contributing to Ruby on Rails</a></dd>
81
+ <dd><a href="api_documentation_guidelines.html">API Documentation Guidelines</a></dd>
82
+ <dd><a href="ruby_on_rails_guides_guidelines.html">Ruby on Rails Guides Guidelines</a></dd>
83
+ <dt>Maintenance Policy</dt>
84
+ <dd><a href="maintenance_policy.html">Maintenance Policy</a></dd>
85
+ <dt>Release Notes</dt>
86
+ <dd><a href="upgrading_ruby_on_rails.html">Upgrading Ruby on Rails</a></dd>
87
+ <dd><a href="4_1_release_notes.html">Ruby on Rails 4.1 Release Notes</a></dd>
88
+ <dd><a href="4_0_release_notes.html">Ruby on Rails 4.0 Release Notes</a></dd>
89
+ <dd><a href="3_2_release_notes.html">Ruby on Rails 3.2 Release Notes</a></dd>
90
+ <dd><a href="3_1_release_notes.html">Ruby on Rails 3.1 Release Notes</a></dd>
91
+ <dd><a href="3_0_release_notes.html">Ruby on Rails 3.0 Release Notes</a></dd>
92
+ <dd><a href="2_3_release_notes.html">Ruby on Rails 2.3 Release Notes</a></dd>
93
+ <dd><a href="2_2_release_notes.html">Ruby on Rails 2.2 Release Notes</a></dd>
94
+ </dl>
95
+ </div>
96
+ </li>
97
+ <li><a class="nav-item" href="contributing_to_ruby_on_rails.html">Contribute</a></li>
98
+ <li><a class="nav-item" href="credits.html">Credits</a></li>
99
+ <li class="guides-index guides-index-small">
100
+ <select class="guides-index-item nav-item">
101
+ <option value="index.html">Guides Index</option>
102
+ <optgroup label="Start Here">
103
+ <option value="getting_started.html">Getting Started with Rails</option>
104
+ </optgroup>
105
+ <optgroup label="Models">
106
+ <option value="active_record_basics.html">Active Record Basics</option>
107
+ <option value="active_record_migrations.html">Active Record Migrations</option>
108
+ <option value="active_record_validations.html">Active Record Validations</option>
109
+ <option value="active_record_callbacks.html">Active Record Callbacks</option>
110
+ <option value="association_basics.html">Active Record Associations</option>
111
+ <option value="active_record_querying.html">Active Record Query Interface</option>
112
+ </optgroup>
113
+ <optgroup label="Views">
114
+ <option value="layouts_and_rendering.html">Layouts and Rendering in Rails</option>
115
+ <option value="form_helpers.html">Action View Form Helpers</option>
116
+ </optgroup>
117
+ <optgroup label="Controllers">
118
+ <option value="action_controller_overview.html">Action Controller Overview</option>
119
+ <option value="routing.html">Rails Routing from the Outside In</option>
120
+ </optgroup>
121
+ <optgroup label="Digging Deeper">
122
+ <option value="active_support_core_extensions.html">Active Support Core Extensions</option>
123
+ <option value="i18n.html">Rails Internationalization API</option>
124
+ <option value="action_mailer_basics.html">Action Mailer Basics</option>
125
+ <option value="active_job_basics.html">Active Job Basics</option>
126
+ <option value="security.html">Securing Rails Applications</option>
127
+ <option value="debugging_rails_applications.html">Debugging Rails Applications</option>
128
+ <option value="configuring.html">Configuring Rails Applications</option>
129
+ <option value="command_line.html">Rails Command Line Tools and Rake Tasks</option>
130
+ <option value="asset_pipeline.html">Asset Pipeline</option>
131
+ <option value="working_with_javascript_in_rails.html">Working with JavaScript in Rails</option>
132
+ </optgroup>
133
+ <optgroup label="Extending Rails">
134
+ <option value="rails_on_rack.html">Rails on Rack</option>
135
+ <option value="generators.html">Creating and Customizing Rails Generators</option>
136
+ </optgroup>
137
+ <optgroup label="Contributing to Ruby on Rails">
138
+ <option value="contributing_to_ruby_on_rails.html">Contributing to Ruby on Rails</option>
139
+ <option value="api_documentation_guidelines.html">API Documentation Guidelines</option>
140
+ <option value="ruby_on_rails_guides_guidelines.html">Ruby on Rails Guides Guidelines</option>
141
+ </optgroup>
142
+ <optgroup label="Maintenance Policy">
143
+ <option value="maintenance_policy.html">Maintenance Policy</option>
144
+ </optgroup>
145
+ <optgroup label="Release Notes">
146
+ <option value="upgrading_ruby_on_rails.html">Upgrading Ruby on Rails</option>
147
+ <option value="4_1_release_notes.html">Ruby on Rails 4.1 Release Notes</option>
148
+ <option value="4_0_release_notes.html">Ruby on Rails 4.0 Release Notes</option>
149
+ <option value="3_2_release_notes.html">Ruby on Rails 3.2 Release Notes</option>
150
+ <option value="3_1_release_notes.html">Ruby on Rails 3.1 Release Notes</option>
151
+ <option value="3_0_release_notes.html">Ruby on Rails 3.0 Release Notes</option>
152
+ <option value="2_3_release_notes.html">Ruby on Rails 2.3 Release Notes</option>
153
+ <option value="2_2_release_notes.html">Ruby on Rails 2.2 Release Notes</option>
154
+ </optgroup>
155
+ </select>
156
+ </li>
157
+ </ul>
158
+ </div>
159
+ </div>
160
+ <hr class="hide" />
161
+
162
+ <div id="feature">
163
+ <div class="wrapper">
164
+ <h2>The Basics of Creating Rails Plugins</h2><p>A Rails plugin is either an extension or a modification of the core framework. Plugins provide:</p>
165
+ <ul>
166
+ <li>A way for developers to share bleeding-edge ideas without hurting the stable code base.</li>
167
+ <li>A segmented architecture so that units of code can be fixed or updated on their own release schedule.</li>
168
+ <li>An outlet for the core developers so that they don&#39;t have to include every cool new feature under the sun.</li>
169
+ </ul>
170
+ <p>After reading this guide, you will know:</p>
171
+ <ul>
172
+ <li>How to create a plugin from scratch.</li>
173
+ <li>How to write and run tests for the plugin.</li>
174
+ </ul>
175
+ <p>This guide describes how to build a test-driven plugin that will:</p>
176
+ <ul>
177
+ <li>Extend core Ruby classes like Hash and String.</li>
178
+ <li>Add methods to <code>ActiveRecord::Base</code> in the tradition of the <code>acts_as</code> plugins.</li>
179
+ <li>Give you information about where to put generators in your plugin.</li>
180
+ </ul>
181
+ <p>For the purpose of this guide pretend for a moment that you are an avid bird watcher.
182
+ Your favorite bird is the Yaffle, and you want to create a plugin that allows other developers to share in the Yaffle
183
+ goodness.</p>
184
+
185
+ <div id="subCol">
186
+ <h3 class="chapter"><img src="images/chapters_icon.gif" alt="" />Chapters</h3>
187
+ <ol class="chapters">
188
+ <li>
189
+ <a href="#setup">Setup</a>
190
+
191
+ <ul>
192
+ <li><a href="#generate-a-gemified-plugin.">Generate a gemified plugin.</a></li>
193
+ </ul>
194
+ </li>
195
+ <li><a href="#testing-your-newly-generated-plugin">Testing Your Newly Generated Plugin</a></li>
196
+ <li><a href="#extending-core-classes">Extending Core Classes</a></li>
197
+ <li>
198
+ <a href="#add-an-%22acts_as%22-method-to-active-record">Add an "acts_as" Method to Active Record</a>
199
+
200
+ <ul>
201
+ <li><a href="#add-a-class-method">Add a Class Method</a></li>
202
+ <li><a href="#add-an-instance-method">Add an Instance Method</a></li>
203
+ </ul>
204
+ </li>
205
+ <li><a href="#generators">Generators</a></li>
206
+ <li><a href="#publishing-your-gem">Publishing Your Gem</a></li>
207
+ <li>
208
+ <a href="#rdoc-documentation">RDoc Documentation</a>
209
+
210
+ <ul>
211
+ <li><a href="#references">References</a></li>
212
+ </ul>
213
+ </li>
214
+ </ol>
215
+
216
+ </div>
217
+
218
+ </div>
219
+ </div>
220
+
221
+ <div id="container">
222
+ <div class="wrapper">
223
+ <div id="mainCol">
224
+ <h3 id="setup">1 Setup</h3><p>Currently, Rails plugins are built as gems, <em>gemified plugins</em>. They can be shared across
225
+ different rails applications using RubyGems and Bundler if desired.</p><h4 id="generate-a-gemified-plugin.">1.1 Generate a gemified plugin.</h4><p>Rails ships with a <code>rails plugin new</code> command which creates a
226
+ skeleton for developing any kind of Rails extension with the ability
227
+ to run integration tests using a dummy Rails application. Create your
228
+ plugin with the command:</p><div class="code_container">
229
+ <pre class="brush: plain; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
230
+ $ bin/rails plugin new yaffle
231
+
232
+ </pre>
233
+ </div>
234
+ <p>See usage and options by asking for help:</p><div class="code_container">
235
+ <pre class="brush: plain; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
236
+ $ bin/rails plugin new --help
237
+
238
+ </pre>
239
+ </div>
240
+ <h3 id="testing-your-newly-generated-plugin">2 Testing Your Newly Generated Plugin</h3><p>You can navigate to the directory that contains the plugin, run the <code>bundle install</code> command
241
+ and run the one generated test using the <code>rake</code> command.</p><p>You should see:</p><div class="code_container">
242
+ <pre class="brush: plain; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
243
+ 1 runs, 1 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors, 0 skips
244
+
245
+ </pre>
246
+ </div>
247
+ <p>This will tell you that everything got generated properly and you are ready to start adding functionality.</p><h3 id="extending-core-classes">3 Extending Core Classes</h3><p>This section will explain how to add a method to String that will be available anywhere in your rails application.</p><p>In this example you will add a method to String named <code>to_squawk</code>. To begin, create a new test file with a few assertions:</p><div class="code_container">
248
+ <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
249
+ # yaffle/test/core_ext_test.rb
250
+
251
+ require 'test_helper'
252
+
253
+ class CoreExtTest &lt; ActiveSupport::TestCase
254
+ def test_to_squawk_prepends_the_word_squawk
255
+ assert_equal "squawk! Hello World", "Hello World".to_squawk
256
+ end
257
+ end
258
+
259
+ </pre>
260
+ </div>
261
+ <p>Run <code>rake</code> to run the test. This test should fail because we haven't implemented the <code>to_squawk</code> method:</p><div class="code_container">
262
+ <pre class="brush: plain; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
263
+ 1) Error:
264
+ CoreExtTest#test_to_squawk_prepends_the_word_squawk:
265
+ NoMethodError: undefined method `to_squawk' for "Hello World":String
266
+ /path/to/yaffle/test/core_ext_test.rb:5:in `test_to_squawk_prepends_the_word_squawk'
267
+
268
+ </pre>
269
+ </div>
270
+ <p>Great - now you are ready to start development.</p><p>In <code>lib/yaffle.rb</code>, add <code>require 'yaffle/core_ext'</code>:</p><div class="code_container">
271
+ <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
272
+ # yaffle/lib/yaffle.rb
273
+
274
+ require 'yaffle/core_ext'
275
+
276
+ module Yaffle
277
+ end
278
+
279
+ </pre>
280
+ </div>
281
+ <p>Finally, create the <code>core_ext.rb</code> file and add the <code>to_squawk</code> method:</p><div class="code_container">
282
+ <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
283
+ # yaffle/lib/yaffle/core_ext.rb
284
+
285
+ String.class_eval do
286
+ def to_squawk
287
+ "squawk! #{self}".strip
288
+ end
289
+ end
290
+
291
+ </pre>
292
+ </div>
293
+ <p>To test that your method does what it says it does, run the unit tests with <code>rake</code> from your plugin directory.</p><div class="code_container">
294
+ <pre class="brush: plain; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
295
+ 2 runs, 2 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors, 0 skips
296
+
297
+ </pre>
298
+ </div>
299
+ <p>To see this in action, change to the test/dummy directory, fire up a console and start squawking:</p><div class="code_container">
300
+ <pre class="brush: plain; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
301
+ $ bin/rails console
302
+ &gt;&gt; "Hello World".to_squawk
303
+ =&gt; "squawk! Hello World"
304
+
305
+ </pre>
306
+ </div>
307
+ <h3 id='add-an-"acts_as"-method-to-active-record'>4 Add an "acts_as" Method to Active Record</h3><p>A common pattern in plugins is to add a method called <code>acts_as_something</code> to models. In this case, you
308
+ want to write a method called <code>acts_as_yaffle</code> that adds a <code>squawk</code> method to your Active Record models.</p><p>To begin, set up your files so that you have:</p><div class="code_container">
309
+ <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
310
+ # yaffle/test/acts_as_yaffle_test.rb
311
+
312
+ require 'test_helper'
313
+
314
+ class ActsAsYaffleTest &lt; ActiveSupport::TestCase
315
+ end
316
+
317
+ </pre>
318
+ </div>
319
+ <div class="code_container">
320
+ <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
321
+ # yaffle/lib/yaffle.rb
322
+
323
+ require 'yaffle/core_ext'
324
+ require 'yaffle/acts_as_yaffle'
325
+
326
+ module Yaffle
327
+ end
328
+
329
+ </pre>
330
+ </div>
331
+ <div class="code_container">
332
+ <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
333
+ # yaffle/lib/yaffle/acts_as_yaffle.rb
334
+
335
+ module Yaffle
336
+ module ActsAsYaffle
337
+ # your code will go here
338
+ end
339
+ end
340
+
341
+ </pre>
342
+ </div>
343
+ <h4 id="add-a-class-method">4.1 Add a Class Method</h4><p>This plugin will expect that you've added a method to your model named <code>last_squawk</code>. However, the
344
+ plugin users might have already defined a method on their model named <code>last_squawk</code> that they use
345
+ for something else. This plugin will allow the name to be changed by adding a class method called <code>yaffle_text_field</code>.</p><p>To start out, write a failing test that shows the behavior you'd like:</p><div class="code_container">
346
+ <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
347
+ # yaffle/test/acts_as_yaffle_test.rb
348
+
349
+ require 'test_helper'
350
+
351
+ class ActsAsYaffleTest &lt; ActiveSupport::TestCase
352
+
353
+ def test_a_hickwalls_yaffle_text_field_should_be_last_squawk
354
+ assert_equal "last_squawk", Hickwall.yaffle_text_field
355
+ end
356
+
357
+ def test_a_wickwalls_yaffle_text_field_should_be_last_tweet
358
+ assert_equal "last_tweet", Wickwall.yaffle_text_field
359
+ end
360
+
361
+ end
362
+
363
+ </pre>
364
+ </div>
365
+ <p>When you run <code>rake</code>, you should see the following:</p><div class="code_container">
366
+ <pre class="brush: plain; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
367
+ 1) Error:
368
+ ActsAsYaffleTest#test_a_hickwalls_yaffle_text_field_should_be_last_squawk:
369
+ NameError: uninitialized constant ActsAsYaffleTest::Hickwall
370
+ /path/to/yaffle/test/acts_as_yaffle_test.rb:6:in `test_a_hickwalls_yaffle_text_field_should_be_last_squawk'
371
+
372
+ 2) Error:
373
+ ActsAsYaffleTest#test_a_wickwalls_yaffle_text_field_should_be_last_tweet:
374
+ NameError: uninitialized constant ActsAsYaffleTest::Wickwall
375
+ /path/to/yaffle/test/acts_as_yaffle_test.rb:10:in `test_a_wickwalls_yaffle_text_field_should_be_last_tweet'
376
+
377
+ 4 runs, 2 assertions, 0 failures, 2 errors, 0 skips
378
+
379
+ </pre>
380
+ </div>
381
+ <p>This tells us that we don't have the necessary models (Hickwall and Wickwall) that we are trying to test.
382
+ We can easily generate these models in our "dummy" Rails application by running the following commands from the
383
+ test/dummy directory:</p><div class="code_container">
384
+ <pre class="brush: plain; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
385
+ $ cd test/dummy
386
+ $ bin/rails generate model Hickwall last_squawk:string
387
+ $ bin/rails generate model Wickwall last_squawk:string last_tweet:string
388
+
389
+ </pre>
390
+ </div>
391
+ <p>Now you can create the necessary database tables in your testing database by navigating to your dummy app
392
+ and migrating the database. First, run:</p><div class="code_container">
393
+ <pre class="brush: plain; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
394
+ $ cd test/dummy
395
+ $ bin/rake db:migrate
396
+
397
+ </pre>
398
+ </div>
399
+ <p>While you are here, change the Hickwall and Wickwall models so that they know that they are supposed to act
400
+ like yaffles.</p><div class="code_container">
401
+ <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
402
+ # test/dummy/app/models/hickwall.rb
403
+
404
+ class Hickwall &lt; ActiveRecord::Base
405
+ acts_as_yaffle
406
+ end
407
+
408
+ # test/dummy/app/models/wickwall.rb
409
+
410
+ class Wickwall &lt; ActiveRecord::Base
411
+ acts_as_yaffle yaffle_text_field: :last_tweet
412
+ end
413
+
414
+
415
+ </pre>
416
+ </div>
417
+ <p>We will also add code to define the <code>acts_as_yaffle</code> method.</p><div class="code_container">
418
+ <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
419
+ # yaffle/lib/yaffle/acts_as_yaffle.rb
420
+ module Yaffle
421
+ module ActsAsYaffle
422
+ extend ActiveSupport::Concern
423
+
424
+ included do
425
+ end
426
+
427
+ module ClassMethods
428
+ def acts_as_yaffle(options = {})
429
+ # your code will go here
430
+ end
431
+ end
432
+ end
433
+ end
434
+
435
+ ActiveRecord::Base.send :include, Yaffle::ActsAsYaffle
436
+
437
+ </pre>
438
+ </div>
439
+ <p>You can then return to the root directory (<code>cd ../..</code>) of your plugin and rerun the tests using <code>rake</code>.</p><div class="code_container">
440
+ <pre class="brush: plain; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
441
+ 1) Error:
442
+ ActsAsYaffleTest#test_a_hickwalls_yaffle_text_field_should_be_last_squawk:
443
+ NoMethodError: undefined method `yaffle_text_field' for #&lt;Class:0x007fd105e3b218&gt;
444
+ activerecord (4.1.5) lib/active_record/dynamic_matchers.rb:26:in `method_missing'
445
+ /path/to/yaffle/test/acts_as_yaffle_test.rb:6:in `test_a_hickwalls_yaffle_text_field_should_be_last_squawk'
446
+
447
+ 2) Error:
448
+ ActsAsYaffleTest#test_a_wickwalls_yaffle_text_field_should_be_last_tweet:
449
+ NoMethodError: undefined method `yaffle_text_field' for #&lt;Class:0x007fd105e409c0&gt;
450
+ activerecord (4.1.5) lib/active_record/dynamic_matchers.rb:26:in `method_missing'
451
+ /path/to/yaffle/test/acts_as_yaffle_test.rb:10:in `test_a_wickwalls_yaffle_text_field_should_be_last_tweet'
452
+
453
+ 4 runs, 2 assertions, 0 failures, 2 errors, 0 skips
454
+
455
+
456
+ </pre>
457
+ </div>
458
+ <p>Getting closer... Now we will implement the code of the <code>acts_as_yaffle</code> method to make the tests pass.</p><div class="code_container">
459
+ <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
460
+ # yaffle/lib/yaffle/acts_as_yaffle.rb
461
+
462
+ module Yaffle
463
+ module ActsAsYaffle
464
+ extend ActiveSupport::Concern
465
+
466
+ included do
467
+ end
468
+
469
+ module ClassMethods
470
+ def acts_as_yaffle(options = {})
471
+ cattr_accessor :yaffle_text_field
472
+ self.yaffle_text_field = (options[:yaffle_text_field] || :last_squawk).to_s
473
+ end
474
+ end
475
+ end
476
+ end
477
+
478
+ ActiveRecord::Base.send :include, Yaffle::ActsAsYaffle
479
+
480
+ </pre>
481
+ </div>
482
+ <p>When you run <code>rake</code>, you should see the tests all pass:</p><div class="code_container">
483
+ <pre class="brush: plain; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
484
+ 4 runs, 4 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors, 0 skips
485
+
486
+ </pre>
487
+ </div>
488
+ <h4 id="add-an-instance-method">4.2 Add an Instance Method</h4><p>This plugin will add a method named 'squawk' to any Active Record object that calls 'acts_as_yaffle'. The 'squawk'
489
+ method will simply set the value of one of the fields in the database.</p><p>To start out, write a failing test that shows the behavior you'd like:</p><div class="code_container">
490
+ <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
491
+ # yaffle/test/acts_as_yaffle_test.rb
492
+ require 'test_helper'
493
+
494
+ class ActsAsYaffleTest &lt; ActiveSupport::TestCase
495
+
496
+ def test_a_hickwalls_yaffle_text_field_should_be_last_squawk
497
+ assert_equal "last_squawk", Hickwall.yaffle_text_field
498
+ end
499
+
500
+ def test_a_wickwalls_yaffle_text_field_should_be_last_tweet
501
+ assert_equal "last_tweet", Wickwall.yaffle_text_field
502
+ end
503
+
504
+ def test_hickwalls_squawk_should_populate_last_squawk
505
+ hickwall = Hickwall.new
506
+ hickwall.squawk("Hello World")
507
+ assert_equal "squawk! Hello World", hickwall.last_squawk
508
+ end
509
+
510
+ def test_wickwalls_squawk_should_populate_last_tweet
511
+ wickwall = Wickwall.new
512
+ wickwall.squawk("Hello World")
513
+ assert_equal "squawk! Hello World", wickwall.last_tweet
514
+ end
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+ end
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+
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+ </pre>
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+ </div>
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+ <p>Run the test to make sure the last two tests fail with an error that contains "NoMethodError: undefined method `squawk'",
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+ then update 'acts_as_yaffle.rb' to look like this:</p><div class="code_container">
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+ <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
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+ # yaffle/lib/yaffle/acts_as_yaffle.rb
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+
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+ module Yaffle
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+ module ActsAsYaffle
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+ extend ActiveSupport::Concern
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+
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+ included do
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+ end
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+
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+ module ClassMethods
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+ def acts_as_yaffle(options = {})
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+ cattr_accessor :yaffle_text_field
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+ self.yaffle_text_field = (options[:yaffle_text_field] || :last_squawk).to_s
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+
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+ include Yaffle::ActsAsYaffle::LocalInstanceMethods
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+ end
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+ end
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+
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+ module LocalInstanceMethods
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+ def squawk(string)
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+ write_attribute(self.class.yaffle_text_field, string.to_squawk)
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+ end
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+ end
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+ end
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+ end
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+
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+ ActiveRecord::Base.send :include, Yaffle::ActsAsYaffle
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+
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+ </pre>
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+ </div>
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+ <p>Run <code>rake</code> one final time and you should see:</p><div class="code_container">
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+ <pre class="brush: plain; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
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+ 6 runs, 6 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors, 0 skips
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+
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+ </pre>
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="note"><p>The use of <code>write_attribute</code> to write to the field in model is just one example of how a plugin can interact with the model, and will not always be the right method to use. For example, you could also use:</p></div><div class="code_container">
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+ <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
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+ send("#{self.class.yaffle_text_field}=", string.to_squawk)
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+
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+ </pre>
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+ </div>
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+ <h3 id="generators">5 Generators</h3><p>Generators can be included in your gem simply by creating them in a lib/generators directory of your plugin. More information about
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+ the creation of generators can be found in the <a href="generators.html">Generators Guide</a></p><h3 id="publishing-your-gem">6 Publishing Your Gem</h3><p>Gem plugins currently in development can easily be shared from any Git repository. To share the Yaffle gem with others, simply
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+ commit the code to a Git repository (like GitHub) and add a line to the Gemfile of the application in question:</p><div class="code_container">
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+ <pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
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+ gem 'yaffle', git: 'git://github.com/yaffle_watcher/yaffle.git'
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+
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+ </pre>
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+ </div>
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+ <p>After running <code>bundle install</code>, your gem functionality will be available to the application.</p><p>When the gem is ready to be shared as a formal release, it can be published to <a href="http://www.rubygems.org">RubyGems</a>.
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+ For more information about publishing gems to RubyGems, see: <a href="http://blog.thepete.net/2010/11/creating-and-publishing-your-first-ruby.html">Creating and Publishing Your First Ruby Gem</a>.</p><h3 id="rdoc-documentation">7 RDoc Documentation</h3><p>Once your plugin is stable and you are ready to deploy, do everyone else a favor and document it! Luckily, writing documentation for your plugin is easy.</p><p>The first step is to update the README file with detailed information about how to use your plugin. A few key things to include are:</p>
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+ <ul>
575
+ <li>Your name</li>
576
+ <li>How to install</li>
577
+ <li>How to add the functionality to the app (several examples of common use cases)</li>
578
+ <li>Warnings, gotchas or tips that might help users and save them time</li>
579
+ </ul>
580
+ <p>Once your README is solid, go through and add rdoc comments to all of the methods that developers will use. It's also customary to add '#:nodoc:' comments to those parts of the code that are not included in the public API.</p><p>Once your comments are good to go, navigate to your plugin directory and run:</p><div class="code_container">
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+ <pre class="brush: plain; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
582
+ $ bin/rake rdoc
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+
584
+ </pre>
585
+ </div>
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+ <h4 id="references">7.1 References</h4>
587
+ <ul>
588
+ <li><a href="https://github.com/radar/guides/blob/master/gem-development.md">Developing a RubyGem using Bundler</a></li>
589
+ <li><a href="http://yehudakatz.com/2010/04/02/using-gemspecs-as-intended/">Using .gemspecs as Intended</a></li>
590
+ <li><a href="http://guides.rubygems.org/specification-reference/">Gemspec Reference</a></li>
591
+ <li><a href="http://www.intridea.com/blog/2008/6/11/gemplugins-a-brief-introduction-to-the-future-of-rails-plugins">GemPlugins: A Brief Introduction to the Future of Rails Plugins</a></li>
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+ </ul>
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+
594
+
595
+ <h3>Feedback</h3>
596
+ <p>
597
+ You're encouraged to help improve the quality of this guide.
598
+ </p>
599
+ <p>
600
+ Please contribute if you see any typos or factual errors.
601
+ To get started, you can read our <a href="http://edgeguides.rubyonrails.org/contributing_to_ruby_on_rails.html#contributing-to-the-rails-documentation">documentation contributions</a> section.
602
+ </p>
603
+ <p>
604
+ You may also find incomplete content, or stuff that is not up to date.
605
+ Please do add any missing documentation for master. Make sure to check
606
+ <a href="http://edgeguides.rubyonrails.org">Edge Guides</a> first to verify
607
+ if the issues are already fixed or not on the master branch.
608
+ Check the <a href="ruby_on_rails_guides_guidelines.html">Ruby on Rails Guides Guidelines</a>
609
+ for style and conventions.
610
+ </p>
611
+ <p>
612
+ If for whatever reason you spot something to fix but cannot patch it yourself, please
613
+ <a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/issues">open an issue</a>.
614
+ </p>
615
+ <p>And last but not least, any kind of discussion regarding Ruby on Rails
616
+ documentation is very welcome in the <a href="http://groups.google.com/group/rubyonrails-docs">rubyonrails-docs mailing list</a>.
617
+ </p>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ <hr class="hide" />
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+ <div class="wrapper">
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+ <p>This work is licensed under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International</a> License</p>
626
+ <p>"Rails", "Ruby on Rails", and the Rails logo are trademarks of David Heinemeier Hansson. All rights reserved.</p>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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