mongoid 9.0.12 → 9.1.0

data/spec/mongoid/association/referenced/has_and_belongs_to_many/proxy_spec.rb

@@ -1,17 +1,16 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
-# rubocop:todo all
 
-require "spec_helper"
-require_relative "../has_and_belongs_to_many_models"
+require 'spec_helper'
+require_relative '../has_and_belongs_to_many_models'
 
 describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
   config_override :raise_not_found_error, true
 
-  around(:each) do |example|
-    original_preferences_association = Person.relations["preferences"]
+  around do |example|
+    original_preferences_association = Person.relations['preferences']
     Person.has_and_belongs_to_many :preferences, autosave: true
     example.run
-    Person.relations["preferences"] = original_preferences_association
+    Person.relations['preferences'] = original_preferences_association
   end
 
   after(:all) do
@@ -19,18 +18,14 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
     Person.reset_callbacks(:destroy)
   end
 
-  [ :<<, :push ].each do |method|
-
+  %i[<< push].each do |method|
     describe "##{method}" do
-
-      context "when the inverse_of is nil" do
-
+      context 'when the inverse_of is nil' do
         let!(:article) do
           Article.create!
         end
 
-        context "when the child document is new" do
-
+        context 'when the child document is new' do
           let(:preference) do
             Preference.new
           end
@@ -39,26 +34,24 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
             article.preferences.send(method, preference)
           end
 
-          it "persists the child document" do
+          it 'persists the child document' do
             expect(preference).to be_persisted
           end
         end
 
-        context "when the child document is not new" do
-
+        context 'when the child document is not new' do
           let(:preference) do
             Preference.create!
           end
 
-          it "does not persist the child document" do
-            expect(preference).to receive(:save).never
+          it 'does not persist the child document' do
+            expect(preference).not_to receive(:save)
             article.preferences.send(method, preference)
           end
         end
       end
 
-      context "when the parent is a new record" do
-
+      context 'when the parent is a new record' do
         let(:person) do
           Person.new
         end
@@ -71,13 +64,12 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
           person.preferences.send(method, preference)
         end
 
-        it "returns an array of loaded documents" do
+        it 'returns an array of loaded documents' do
           expect(result).to eq([ preference ])
         end
       end
 
-      context "when the parent is not a new record" do
-
+      context 'when the parent is not a new record' do
         let(:person) do
           Person.create!
         end
@@ -90,15 +82,13 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
           person.preferences.send(method, preference)
         end
 
-        it "returns an array of loaded documents" do
+        it 'returns an array of loaded documents' do
           expect(result).to eq([ preference ])
         end
       end
 
-      context "when the relations are not polymorphic" do
-
-        context "when the inverse relation is not defined" do
-
+      context 'when the relations are not polymorphic' do
+        context 'when the inverse relation is not defined' do
           let(:person) do
             Person.new
           end
@@ -111,19 +101,18 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
             person.houses << house
           end
 
-          it "appends the document to the relation" do
+          it 'appends the document to the relation' do
             expect(person.houses).to eq([ house ])
           end
 
-          it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+          it 'sets the foreign key on the relation' do
             expect(person.house_ids).to eq([ house.id ])
           end
         end
 
-        context "when appending in a parent create block" do
-
+        context 'when appending in a parent create block' do
           let!(:preference) do
-            Preference.create!(name: "testing")
+            Preference.create!(name: 'testing')
           end
 
           let!(:person) do
@@ -132,39 +121,37 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
             end
           end
 
-          it "adds the documents to the relation" do
+          it 'adds the documents to the relation' do
             expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
           end
 
-          it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+          it 'sets the foreign key on the relation' do
             expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
           end
 
-          it "sets the foreign key on the inverse relation" do
+          it 'sets the foreign key on the inverse relation' do
             expect(preference.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
           end
 
-          it "saves the target" do
+          it 'saves the target' do
             expect(preference).to be_persisted
           end
 
-          it "adds the correct number of documents" do
+          it 'adds the correct number of documents' do
             expect(person.preferences.size).to eq(1)
           end
 
-          it "persists the link" do
+          it 'persists the link' do
             expect(person.reload.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
           end
         end
 
-        context "when the parent is a new record" do
-
+        context 'when the parent is a new record' do
           let(:person) do
             Person.new
           end
 
-          context "when the child is new" do
-
+          context 'when the child is new' do
             let(:preference) do
               Preference.new
             end
@@ -173,46 +160,44 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
               person.preferences.send(method, preference)
             end
 
-            it "adds the documents to the relation" do
+            it 'adds the documents to the relation' do
               expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
             end
 
-            it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+            it 'sets the foreign key on the relation' do
               expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
             end
 
-            it "sets the foreign key on the inverse relation" do
+            it 'sets the foreign key on the inverse relation' do
               expect(preference.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
             end
 
-            it "does not save the target" do
+            it 'does not save the target' do
               expect(preference).to be_new_record
             end
 
-            it "adds the correct number of documents" do
+            it 'adds the correct number of documents' do
               expect(person.preferences.size).to eq(1)
             end
 
-            context "when appending a second time" do
-
+            context 'when appending a second time' do
               before do
                 person.preferences.send(method, preference)
               end
 
-              it "does not allow the document to be added again" do
+              it 'does not allow the document to be added again' do
                 expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
               end
 
-              it "does not allow duplicate ids" do
+              it 'does not allow duplicate ids' do
                 expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
               end
             end
           end
 
-          context "when the child is already persisted" do
-
+          context 'when the child is already persisted' do
             let!(:persisted) do
-              Preference.create!(name: "testy")
+              Preference.create!(name: 'testy')
             end
 
             let(:preference) do
@@ -224,35 +209,34 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
               person.save!
             end
 
-            it "adds the documents to the relation" do
+            it 'adds the documents to the relation' do
               expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
             end
 
-            it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+            it 'sets the foreign key on the relation' do
               expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
             end
 
-            it "sets the foreign key on the inverse relation" do
+            it 'sets the foreign key on the inverse relation' do
               expect(preference.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
             end
 
-            it "saves the target" do
+            it 'saves the target' do
               expect(preference).to be_persisted
             end
 
-            it "adds the correct number of documents" do
+            it 'adds the correct number of documents' do
               expect(person.preferences.size).to eq(1)
             end
 
-            it "persists the link" do
+            it 'persists the link' do
               expect(person.reload.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
             end
           end
 
-          context "when setting via the associated ids" do
-
+          context 'when setting via the associated ids' do
             let!(:persisted) do
-              Preference.create!(name: "testy")
+              Preference.create!(name: 'testy')
             end
 
             let(:preference) do
@@ -267,30 +251,29 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
               person.save!
             end
 
-            it "adds the documents to the relation" do
+            it 'adds the documents to the relation' do
               expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
             end
 
-            it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+            it 'sets the foreign key on the relation' do
               expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
             end
 
-            it "sets the foreign key on the inverse relation" do
+            it 'sets the foreign key on the inverse relation' do
               expect(preference.reload.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
             end
 
-            it "adds the correct number of documents" do
+            it 'adds the correct number of documents' do
               expect(person.preferences.size).to eq(1)
             end
 
-            it "persists the link" do
+            it 'persists the link' do
               expect(person.reload.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
             end
           end
         end
 
-        context "when the parent is not a new record" do
-
+        context 'when the parent is not a new record' do
           let(:person) do
             Person.create!
           end
@@ -303,36 +286,35 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
             person.preferences.send(method, preference)
           end
 
-          it "adds the documents to the relation" do
+          it 'adds the documents to the relation' do
             expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
           end
 
-          it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+          it 'sets the foreign key on the relation' do
             expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
           end
 
-          it "sets the foreign key on the inverse relation" do
+          it 'sets the foreign key on the inverse relation' do
             expect(preference.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
           end
 
-          it "sets the base on the inverse relation" do
+          it 'sets the base on the inverse relation' do
             expect(preference.people).to eq([ person ])
           end
 
-          it "sets the same instance on the inverse relation" do
+          it 'sets the same instance on the inverse relation' do
             expect(preference.people.first).to eql(person)
           end
 
-          it "saves the target" do
-            expect(preference).to_not be_new_record
+          it 'saves the target' do
+            expect(preference).not_to be_new_record
           end
 
-          it "adds the document to the target" do
+          it 'adds the document to the target' do
             expect(person.preferences.count).to eq(1)
           end
 
-          context "when documents already exist on the relation" do
-
+          context 'when documents already exist on the relation' do
             let(:preference_two) do
               Preference.new
             end
@@ -341,38 +323,37 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
               person.preferences.send(method, preference_two)
             end
 
-            it "adds the documents to the relation" do
+            it 'adds the documents to the relation' do
               expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference, preference_two ])
             end
 
-            it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+            it 'sets the foreign key on the relation' do
               expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id, preference_two.id ])
             end
 
-            it "sets the foreign key on the inverse relation" do
+            it 'sets the foreign key on the inverse relation' do
               expect(preference_two.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
             end
 
-            it "sets the base on the inverse relation" do
+            it 'sets the base on the inverse relation' do
               expect(preference_two.people).to eq([ person ])
             end
 
-            it "sets the same instance on the inverse relation" do
+            it 'sets the same instance on the inverse relation' do
               expect(preference_two.people.first).to eql(person)
             end
 
-            it "saves the target" do
-              expect(preference).to_not be_new_record
+            it 'saves the target' do
+              expect(preference).not_to be_new_record
             end
 
-            it "adds the document to the target" do
+            it 'adds the document to the target' do
               expect(person.preferences.count).to eq(2)
             end
           end
         end
 
-        context "when both sides have been persisted" do
-
+        context 'when both sides have been persisted' do
           let(:person) do
             Person.create!
           end
@@ -385,27 +366,25 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
             person.administrated_events << event
           end
 
-          it "sets the front side of the relation" do
+          it 'sets the front side of the relation' do
             expect(person.administrated_events).to eq([ event ])
           end
 
-          it "sets the inverse side of the relation" do
+          it 'sets the inverse side of the relation' do
             expect(event.administrators(true)).to eq([ person ])
           end
 
-          context "when reloading" do
-
-            it "sets the front side of the relation" do
+          context 'when reloading' do
+            it 'sets the front side of the relation' do
               expect(person.reload.administrated_events).to eq([ event ])
             end
 
-            it "sets the inverse side of the relation" do
+            it 'sets the inverse side of the relation' do
               expect(event.reload.administrators).to eq([ person ])
             end
           end
 
-          context "when performing a new database query" do
-
+          context 'when performing a new database query' do
             let(:loaded_person) do
               Person.find(person.id)
             end
@@ -414,18 +393,17 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
               Event.find(event.id)
             end
 
-            it "sets the front side of the relation" do
+            it 'sets the front side of the relation' do
               expect(loaded_person.administrated_events).to eq([ event ])
             end
 
-            it "sets the inverse side of the relation" do
+            it 'sets the inverse side of the relation' do
               expect(loaded_event.administrators).to eq([ person ])
             end
           end
         end
 
-        context "when the relation also includes a has_many relation" do
-
+        context 'when the relation also includes a has_many relation' do
           let(:artwork) do
             Artwork.create!
           end
@@ -442,46 +420,43 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
             artwork.exhibitors << exhibitor
           end
 
-          it "creates a single artwork object" do
+          it 'creates a single artwork object' do
             expect(Artwork.count).to eq(1)
           end
         end
 
-        context "when the relation is self referencing" do
-
+        context 'when the relation is self referencing' do
           let(:tag_one) do
-            Tag.create!(text: "one")
+            Tag.create!(text: 'one')
           end
 
           let(:tag_two) do
-            Tag.create!(text: "two")
+            Tag.create!(text: 'two')
           end
 
           before do
             tag_one.related << tag_two
           end
 
-          it "sets the front side of the relation" do
+          it 'sets the front side of the relation' do
             expect(tag_one.related).to eq([ tag_two ])
           end
 
-          it "sets the inverse side of the relation" do
+          it 'sets the inverse side of the relation' do
             expect(tag_two.related(true)).to eq([ tag_one ])
           end
 
-          context "when reloading" do
-
-            it "sets the front side of the relation" do
+          context 'when reloading' do
+            it 'sets the front side of the relation' do
               expect(tag_one.reload.related).to eq([ tag_two ])
             end
 
-            it "sets the inverse side of the relation" do
+            it 'sets the inverse side of the relation' do
               expect(tag_two.reload.related).to eq([ tag_one ])
             end
           end
 
-          context "when performing a new database query" do
-
+          context 'when performing a new database query' do
             let(:loaded_tag_one) do
               Tag.find(tag_one.id)
             end
@@ -490,19 +465,18 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
               Tag.find(tag_two.id)
             end
 
-            it "sets the front side of the relation" do
+            it 'sets the front side of the relation' do
               expect(loaded_tag_one.related).to eq([ tag_two ])
             end
 
-            it "sets the inverse side of the relation" do
+            it 'sets the inverse side of the relation' do
               expect(loaded_tag_two.related).to eq([ tag_one ])
             end
           end
         end
       end
 
-      context "when association has callbacks" do
-
+      context 'when association has callbacks' do
         let(:post) do
           Post.new
         end
@@ -511,41 +485,37 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
           Tag.new
         end
 
-        context "when the callback is a before_add" do
-
-          it "executes the callback" do
+        context 'when the callback is a before_add' do
+          it 'executes the callback' do
             post.tags.send(method, tag)
             expect(post.before_add_called).to be true
           end
 
-          context "when errors are raised" do
-
+          context 'when errors are raised' do
             before do
               expect(post).to receive(:before_add_tag).and_raise
-              begin; post.tags.send(method, tag); rescue; end;
+              begin; post.tags.send(method, tag); rescue StandardError; end
             end
 
-            it "does not add the document to the relation" do
+            it 'does not add the document to the relation' do
               expect(post.tags).to be_empty
             end
           end
         end
 
-        context "when the callback is an after_add" do
-
-          it "executes the callback" do
+        context 'when the callback is an after_add' do
+          it 'executes the callback' do
             post.tags.send(method, tag)
             expect(post.after_add_called).to be true
           end
 
-          context "when errors are raised" do
-
+          context 'when errors are raised' do
             before do
               expect(post).to receive(:after_add_tag).and_raise
-              begin; post.tags.send(method, tag); rescue; end
+              begin; post.tags.send(method, tag); rescue StandardError; end
             end
 
-            it "adds the document to the relation" do
+            it 'adds the document to the relation' do
               expect(post.tags).to eq([ tag ])
             end
           end
@@ -554,60 +524,55 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
     end
   end
 
-  describe "#=" do
-
-    context "when trying to add duplicate entries" do
-
+  describe '#=' do
+    context 'when trying to add duplicate entries' do
       let(:person) do
         Person.new
       end
 
       let(:preference) do
-        Preference.create!(name: "one")
+        Preference.create!(name: 'one')
       end
 
       before do
         person.preferences = [ preference, preference ]
       end
 
-      context "when the document is new" do
-
-        it "does not add the duplicates" do
+      context 'when the document is new' do
+        it 'does not add the duplicates' do
           expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
         end
 
-        it "does not create duplicate keys" do
+        it 'does not create duplicate keys' do
           expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
         end
       end
 
-      context "when the document is persisted" do
-
+      context 'when the document is persisted' do
         before do
           person.save!
         end
 
-        it "does not add the duplicates" do
+        it 'does not add the duplicates' do
           expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
         end
 
-        it "does not create duplicate keys" do
+        it 'does not create duplicate keys' do
           expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
         end
 
-        it "does not add duplicates on the inverse" do
+        it 'does not add duplicates on the inverse' do
           expect(preference.people).to eq([ person ])
         end
 
-        it "does not add duplicate inverse keys" do
+        it 'does not add duplicate inverse keys' do
           expect(preference.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
         end
 
-        context "when reloading document from db" do
-
+        context 'when reloading document from db' do
           let(:from_db) { Preference.last }
 
-          it "does not create duplicate keys" do
+          it 'does not create duplicate keys' do
             person.preferences = [ from_db ]
             expect(from_db.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
           end
@@ -615,10 +580,8 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
       end
     end
 
-    context "when the relation is not polymorphic" do
-
-      context "when the parent and relation are new records" do
-
+    context 'when the relation is not polymorphic' do
+      context 'when the parent and relation are new records' do
         let(:person) do
           Person.new
         end
@@ -631,25 +594,24 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
           person.preferences = [ preference ]
         end
 
-        it "sets the relation" do
+        it 'sets the relation' do
           expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
         end
 
-        it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+        it 'sets the foreign key on the relation' do
           expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
         end
 
-        it "sets the foreign key on the inverse relation" do
+        it 'sets the foreign key on the inverse relation' do
           expect(preference.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
         end
 
-        it "does not save the target" do
+        it 'does not save the target' do
           expect(preference).to be_new_record
         end
       end
 
-      context "when the parent is new but the relation exists" do
-
+      context 'when the parent is new but the relation exists' do
         let(:person) do
           Person.new
         end
@@ -662,45 +624,43 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
           person.preferences = [ preference ]
         end
 
-        it "sets the relation" do
+        it 'sets the relation' do
           expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
         end
 
-        it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+        it 'sets the foreign key on the relation' do
           expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
         end
 
-        it "sets the foreign key on the inverse relation" do
+        it 'sets the foreign key on the inverse relation' do
           expect(preference.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
         end
 
-        context "and the parent is persisted" do
-
+        context 'and the parent is persisted' do
           before do
             person.save!
             preference.reload
           end
 
-          it "maintains the relation" do
+          it 'maintains the relation' do
             expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
           end
 
-          it "maintains the foreign key on the relation" do
+          it 'maintains the foreign key on the relation' do
             expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
           end
 
-          it "maintains the foreign key on the inverse relation" do
+          it 'maintains the foreign key on the inverse relation' do
             expect(preference.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
           end
 
-          it "maintains the base on the inverse relation" do
+          it 'maintains the base on the inverse relation' do
             expect(preference.people.first).to eq(person)
           end
         end
       end
 
-      context "when the parent is not a new record" do
-
+      context 'when the parent is not a new record' do
         let(:person) do
           Person.create!
         end
@@ -713,32 +673,31 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
           person.preferences = [ preference ]
         end
 
-        it "sets the relation" do
+        it 'sets the relation' do
           expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
         end
 
-        it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+        it 'sets the foreign key on the relation' do
           expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
         end
 
-        it "sets the foreign key on the inverse relation" do
+        it 'sets the foreign key on the inverse relation' do
           expect(preference.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
         end
 
-        it "sets the base on the inverse relation" do
+        it 'sets the base on the inverse relation' do
           expect(preference.people.first).to eq(person)
         end
 
-        it "saves the target" do
+        it 'saves the target' do
           expect(preference).to be_persisted
         end
 
-        it "persists the relation" do
+        it 'persists the relation' do
           person.reload.preferences == [ preference ]
         end
 
-        context "when overwriting an existing relation" do
-
+        context 'when overwriting an existing relation' do
           let(:another_preference) do
             Preference.new
           end
@@ -747,71 +706,67 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
             person.preferences = [ another_preference ]
           end
 
-          it "sets the relation" do
+          it 'sets the relation' do
             expect(person.preferences).to eq([ another_preference ])
           end
 
-          it "saves the target" do
+          it 'saves the target' do
             expect(another_preference).to be_persisted
           end
 
-          it "does not leave foreign keys of the previous relation" do
+          it 'does not leave foreign keys of the previous relation' do
             expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ another_preference.id ])
           end
 
-          it "clears its own key on the foreign relation" do
+          it 'clears its own key on the foreign relation' do
             expect(preference.person_ids).to be_empty
           end
 
-          context "and then overwriting it again with the same value" do
-
+          context 'and then overwriting it again with the same value' do
             before do
               person.preferences = [ another_preference ]
             end
 
-            it "persists the relation between another_preference and person" do
+            it 'persists the relation between another_preference and person' do
               expect(another_preference.reload.people).to eq([ person ])
             end
-
           end
 
-          context "and person reloaded instead of saved" do
-
+          context 'and person reloaded instead of saved' do
             before do
               person.reload
               another_preference.reload
             end
 
-            it "persists the relation between person and another_preference" do
+            it 'persists the relation between person and another_preference' do
               expect(person.preferences).to eq([ another_preference ])
             end
 
-            it "persists the relation between another_preference and person" do
+            it 'persists the relation between another_preference and person' do
               expect(another_preference.people).to eq([ person ])
             end
 
-            it "no longer has any relation between preference and person" do
+            it 'no longer has any relation between preference and person' do
               expect(preference.people).to be_empty
             end
           end
 
-          context "and person is saved" do
-
+          context 'and person is saved' do
             before do
               person.save!
               person.reload
               another_preference.reload
             end
 
-            it "persists the relation between person and another_preference" do
+            it 'persists the relation between person and another_preference' do
               expect(person.preferences).to eq([ another_preference ])
             end
 
-            it "persists the relation between another_preference and person" do
+            it 'persists the relation between another_preference and person' do
               expect(another_preference.people).to eq([ person ])
             end
 
-            it "no longer has any relation between preference and person" do
+            it 'no longer has any relation between preference and person' do
               expect(preference.people).to be_empty
             end
           end
@@ -820,13 +775,13 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
     end
   end
 
-  describe "when self-referencing" do
+  describe 'when self-referencing' do
     let!(:parent) do
       Vertex.create!
     end
 
     let!(:child) do
-      Vertex.create!(parents: [parent])
+      Vertex.create!(parents: [ parent ])
     end
 
     before do
@@ -834,62 +789,62 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
       child.reload
     end
 
-    it "sets the parent" do
+    it 'sets the parent' do
       expect(child.parents).to include(parent)
     end
 
-    it "sets the parent id" do
+    it 'sets the parent id' do
       expect(child.parent_ids).to include(parent.id)
     end
 
-    it "sets the child" do
+    it 'sets the child' do
       expect(parent.children).to include(child)
     end
 
-    it "sets the child id" do
+    it 'sets the child id' do
       expect(parent.child_ids).to include(child.id)
     end
 
-    describe "#update" do
+    describe '#update' do
       before do
-        child.update(parents: [parent])
+        child.update(parents: [ parent ])
       end
 
-      it "sets the parent" do
+      it 'sets the parent' do
         expect(child.parents).to include(parent)
       end
 
-      it "sets the parent id" do
+      it 'sets the parent id' do
         expect(child.parent_ids).to include(parent.id)
       end
 
-      it "sets the child" do
+      it 'sets the child' do
         expect(parent.children).to include(child)
       end
 
-      it "sets the child id" do
+      it 'sets the child id' do
         expect(parent.child_ids).to include(child.id)
       end
 
-      describe "when reloading" do
+      describe 'when reloading' do
         before do
           parent.reload
           child.reload
         end
 
-        it "sets the parent" do
+        it 'sets the parent' do
           expect(child.parents).to include(parent)
         end
 
-        it "sets the parent id" do
+        it 'sets the parent id' do
           expect(child.parent_ids).to include(parent.id)
         end
 
-        it "sets the child" do
+        it 'sets the child' do
           expect(parent.children).to include(child)
         end
 
-        it "sets the child id" do
+        it 'sets the child id' do
           expect(parent.child_ids).to include(child.id)
         end
       end
@@ -897,13 +852,9 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
   end
 
   [ nil, [] ].each do |value|
-
     describe "#= #{value}" do
-
-      context "when the relation is not polymorphic" do
-
-        context "when the inverse relation is not defined" do
-
+      context 'when the relation is not polymorphic' do
+        context 'when the inverse relation is not defined' do
           let(:person) do
             Person.new
           end
@@ -917,17 +868,16 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
             person.houses = value
           end
 
-          it "clears the relation" do
+          it 'clears the relation' do
             expect(person.houses).to be_empty
           end
 
-          it "clears the foreign keys" do
+          it 'clears the foreign keys' do
             expect(person.house_ids).to be_empty
           end
         end
 
-        context "when the parent is a new record" do
-
+        context 'when the parent is a new record' do
           let(:person) do
             Person.new
           end
@@ -941,27 +891,25 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
             person.preferences = value
           end
 
-          it "sets the relation to an empty array" do
+          it 'sets the relation to an empty array' do
             expect(person.preferences).to be_empty
           end
 
-          it "removed the inverse relation" do
+          it 'removed the inverse relation' do
             expect(preference.people).to be_empty
           end
 
-          it "removes the foreign key values" do
+          it 'removes the foreign key values' do
             expect(person.preference_ids).to be_empty
           end
 
-          it "removes the inverse foreign key values" do
+          it 'removes the inverse foreign key values' do
             expect(preference.person_ids).to be_empty
           end
         end
 
-        context "when the parent is not a new record" do
-
-          context "when the relation has been loaded" do
-
+        context 'when the parent is not a new record' do
+          context 'when the relation has been loaded' do
             let(:person) do
               Person.create!
             end
@@ -975,29 +923,28 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
               person.preferences = value
             end
 
-            it "sets the relation to an empty array" do
+            it 'sets the relation to an empty array' do
               expect(person.preferences).to be_empty
             end
 
-            it "removed the inverse relation" do
+            it 'removed the inverse relation' do
               expect(preference.people).to be_empty
             end
 
-            it "removes the foreign key values" do
+            it 'removes the foreign key values' do
               expect(person.preference_ids).to be_empty
             end
 
-            it "removes the inverse foreign key values" do
+            it 'removes the inverse foreign key values' do
               expect(preference.person_ids).to be_empty
             end
 
-            it "does not delete the target from the database" do
-              expect(preference).to_not be_destroyed
+            it 'does not delete the target from the database' do
+              expect(preference).not_to be_destroyed
             end
           end
 
-          context "when the relation has not been loaded" do
-
+          context 'when the relation has not been loaded' do
             let(:preference) do
               Preference.new
             end
@@ -1016,11 +963,11 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
               from_db.preferences = value
             end
 
-            it "sets the relation to an empty array" do
+            it 'sets the relation to an empty array' do
               expect(from_db.preferences).to be_empty
             end
 
-            it "removes the foreign key values" do
+            it 'removes the foreign key values' do
               expect(from_db.preference_ids).to be_empty
             end
           end
@@ -1029,92 +976,86 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
     end
   end
 
-  [ :build, :new ].each do |method|
-
+  %i[build new].each do |method|
     describe "##{method}" do
-
-      context "when the relation is not polymorphic" do
-
-        context "when the parent is a new record" do
-
+      context 'when the relation is not polymorphic' do
+        context 'when the parent is a new record' do
           let(:person) do
             Person.new
           end
 
           let!(:preference) do
-            person.preferences.send(method, name: "settings")
+            person.preferences.send(method, name: 'settings')
           end
 
-          it "adds the document to the relation" do
+          it 'adds the document to the relation' do
             expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
           end
 
-          it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+          it 'sets the foreign key on the relation' do
             expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
           end
 
-          it "sets the inverse foreign key on the relation" do
+          it 'sets the inverse foreign key on the relation' do
             expect(preference.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
           end
 
-          it "sets the attributes" do
-            expect(preference.name).to eq("settings")
+          it 'sets the attributes' do
+            expect(preference.name).to eq('settings')
           end
 
-          it "does not save the target" do
+          it 'does not save the target' do
             expect(preference).to be_new_record
           end
 
-          it "adds the correct number of documents" do
+          it 'adds the correct number of documents' do
             expect(person.preferences.size).to eq(1)
           end
         end
 
-        context "when the parent is not a new record" do
-
+        context 'when the parent is not a new record' do
           let(:person) do
             Person.create!
           end
 
           let!(:preference) do
-            person.preferences.send(method, name: "settings")
+            person.preferences.send(method, name: 'settings')
           end
 
-          it "adds the document to the relation" do
+          it 'adds the document to the relation' do
             expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
           end
 
-          it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+          it 'sets the foreign key on the relation' do
             expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
           end
 
-          it "sets the inverse foreign key on the relation" do
+          it 'sets the inverse foreign key on the relation' do
             expect(preference.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
           end
 
-          it "sets the base on the inverse relation" do
+          it 'sets the base on the inverse relation' do
             expect(preference.people).to eq([ person ])
           end
 
-          it "sets the attributes" do
-            expect(preference.name).to eq("settings")
+          it 'sets the attributes' do
+            expect(preference.name).to eq('settings')
           end
 
-          it "does not save the target" do
+          it 'does not save the target' do
             expect(preference).to be_new_record
           end
 
-          it "adds the correct number of documents" do
+          it 'adds the correct number of documents' do
             expect(person.preferences.size).to eq(1)
           end
 
-          context "when saving the target" do
-
+          context 'when saving the target' do
             before do
               preference.save!
             end
 
-            it "persists the parent keys" do
+            it 'persists the parent keys' do
               expect(person.reload.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
             end
           end
@@ -1123,93 +1064,86 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
     end
   end
 
-  describe "#clear" do
-
-    context "when the relation is not polymorphic" do
-
-      context "when the parent has been persisted" do
-
+  describe '#clear' do
+    context 'when the relation is not polymorphic' do
+      context 'when the parent has been persisted' do
         let!(:person) do
           Person.create!
         end
 
-        context "when the children are persisted" do
-
+        context 'when the children are persisted' do
           let!(:preference) do
-            person.preferences.create!(name: "settings")
+            person.preferences.create!(name: 'settings')
           end
 
           let!(:relation) do
             person.preferences.clear
           end
 
-          it "clears out the relation" do
+          it 'clears out the relation' do
             expect(person.preferences).to be_empty
           end
 
-          it "removes the parent from the inverse relation" do
-            expect(preference.people).to_not include(person)
+          it 'removes the parent from the inverse relation' do
+            expect(preference.people).not_to include(person)
           end
 
-          it "removes the foreign keys" do
+          it 'removes the foreign keys' do
             expect(person.preference_ids).to be_empty
           end
 
-          it "removes the parent key from the inverse" do
-            expect(preference.person_ids).to_not include(person.id)
+          it 'removes the parent key from the inverse' do
+            expect(preference.person_ids).not_to include(person.id)
           end
 
-          it "does not delete the documents" do
-            expect(preference).to_not be_destroyed
+          it 'does not delete the documents' do
+            expect(preference).not_to be_destroyed
           end
 
-          it "persists the nullification" do
+          it 'persists the nullification' do
             expect(person.reload.preferences).to be_empty
           end
 
-          it "returns the relation" do
+          it 'returns the relation' do
             expect(relation).to be_empty
           end
         end
 
-        context "when the children are not persisted" do
-
+        context 'when the children are not persisted' do
           let!(:preference) do
-            person.preferences.build(name: "setting")
+            person.preferences.build(name: 'setting')
           end
 
           let!(:relation) do
             person.preferences.clear
           end
 
-          it "clears out the relation" do
+          it 'clears out the relation' do
             expect(person.preferences).to be_empty
           end
         end
       end
 
-      context "when the parent is not persisted" do
-
+      context 'when the parent is not persisted' do
         let(:person) do
           Person.new
         end
 
         let!(:preference) do
-          person.preferences.build(name: "setting")
+          person.preferences.build(name: 'setting')
         end
 
         let!(:relation) do
           person.preferences.clear
         end
 
-        it "clears out the relation" do
+        it 'clears out the relation' do
           expect(person.preferences).to be_empty
         end
       end
     end
 
-    context "when the association has callbacks" do
-
+    context 'when the association has callbacks' do
       let(:post) do
         Post.new
       end
@@ -1222,61 +1156,55 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
         post.tags << tag
       end
 
-      context "when the callback is a before_remove" do
-
-        context "when no errors are raised" do
-
+      context 'when the callback is a before_remove' do
+        context 'when no errors are raised' do
           before do
             post.tags.clear
           end
 
-          it "executes the callback" do
+          it 'executes the callback' do
             expect(post.before_remove_called).to be true
           end
 
-          it "removes the document from the relation" do
+          it 'removes the document from the relation' do
             expect(post.tags).to be_empty
           end
         end
 
-        context "when errors are raised" do
-
+        context 'when errors are raised' do
           before do
             expect(post).to receive(:before_remove_tag).and_raise
-            begin; post.tags.clear; rescue; end
+            begin; post.tags.clear; rescue StandardError; end
           end
 
-          it "does not remove the document from the relation" do
+          it 'does not remove the document from the relation' do
             expect(post.tags).to eq([ tag ])
           end
         end
       end
 
-      context "when the callback is an after_remove" do
-
-        context "when no errors are raised" do
-
+      context 'when the callback is an after_remove' do
+        context 'when no errors are raised' do
           before do
             post.tags.clear
           end
 
-          it "executes the callback" do
+          it 'executes the callback' do
             expect(post.after_remove_called).to be true
           end
 
-          it "removes the document from the relation" do
+          it 'removes the document from the relation' do
             expect(post.tags).to be_empty
           end
         end
 
-        context "when errors are raised" do
-
+        context 'when errors are raised' do
           before do
             expect(post).to receive(:after_remove_tag).and_raise
-            begin; post.tags.clear; rescue; end
+            begin; post.tags.clear; rescue StandardError; end
           end
 
-          it "removes the document from the relation" do
+          it 'removes the document from the relation' do
             expect(post.tags).to be_empty
           end
         end
@@ -1284,10 +1212,8 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
     end
   end
 
-  describe "#concat" do
-
-    context "when the parent is a new record" do
-
+  describe '#concat' do
+    context 'when the parent is a new record' do
       let(:person) do
         Person.new
       end
@@ -1300,13 +1226,12 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
         person.preferences.concat([ preference ])
       end
 
-      it "returns an array of loaded documents" do
+      it 'returns an array of loaded documents' do
         expect(result).to eq([ preference ])
       end
     end
 
-    context "when the parent is not a new record" do
-
+    context 'when the parent is not a new record' do
       let(:person) do
         Person.create!
       end
@@ -1319,15 +1244,13 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
         person.preferences.concat([ preference ])
       end
 
-      it "returns an array of loaded documents" do
+      it 'returns an array of loaded documents' do
         expect(result).to eq([ preference ])
       end
     end
 
-    context "when the relations are not polymorphic" do
-
-      context "when the inverse relation is not defined" do
-
+    context 'when the relations are not polymorphic' do
+      context 'when the inverse relation is not defined' do
         let(:person) do
           Person.new
         end
@@ -1340,19 +1263,18 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
           person.houses.concat([ house ])
         end
 
-        it "appends the document to the relation" do
+        it 'appends the document to the relation' do
           expect(person.houses).to eq([ house ])
         end
 
-        it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+        it 'sets the foreign key on the relation' do
           expect(person.house_ids).to eq([ house.id ])
         end
       end
 
-      context "when appending in a parent create block" do
-
+      context 'when appending in a parent create block' do
         let!(:preference) do
-          Preference.create!(name: "testing")
+          Preference.create!(name: 'testing')
         end
 
         let!(:person) do
@@ -1361,39 +1283,37 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
           end
         end
 
-        it "adds the documents to the relation" do
+        it 'adds the documents to the relation' do
           expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
         end
 
-        it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+        it 'sets the foreign key on the relation' do
           expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
         end
 
-        it "sets the foreign key on the inverse relation" do
+        it 'sets the foreign key on the inverse relation' do
           expect(preference.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
         end
 
-        it "saves the target" do
+        it 'saves the target' do
           expect(preference).to be_persisted
         end
 
-        it "adds the correct number of documents" do
+        it 'adds the correct number of documents' do
           expect(person.preferences.size).to eq(1)
         end
 
-        it "persists the link" do
+        it 'persists the link' do
           expect(person.reload.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
         end
       end
 
-      context "when the parent is a new record" do
-
+      context 'when the parent is a new record' do
         let(:person) do
           Person.new
         end
 
-        context "when the child is new" do
-
+        context 'when the child is new' do
           let(:preference) do
             Preference.new
           end
@@ -1402,46 +1322,44 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
             person.preferences.concat([ preference ])
           end
 
-          it "adds the documents to the relation" do
+          it 'adds the documents to the relation' do
             expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
           end
 
-          it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+          it 'sets the foreign key on the relation' do
             expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
           end
 
-          it "sets the foreign key on the inverse relation" do
+          it 'sets the foreign key on the inverse relation' do
             expect(preference.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
           end
 
-          it "does not save the target" do
+          it 'does not save the target' do
             expect(preference).to be_new_record
           end
 
-          it "adds the correct number of documents" do
+          it 'adds the correct number of documents' do
             expect(person.preferences.size).to eq(1)
           end
 
-          context "when appending a second time" do
-
+          context 'when appending a second time' do
             before do
               person.preferences.concat([ preference ])
             end
 
-            it "does not allow the document to be added again" do
+            it 'does not allow the document to be added again' do
               expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
             end
 
-            it "does not allow duplicate ids" do
+            it 'does not allow duplicate ids' do
               expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
             end
           end
         end
 
-        context "when the child is already persisted" do
-
+        context 'when the child is already persisted' do
           let!(:persisted) do
-            Preference.create!(name: "testy")
+            Preference.create!(name: 'testy')
           end
 
           let(:preference) do
@@ -1453,35 +1371,34 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
             person.save!
           end
 
-          it "adds the documents to the relation" do
+          it 'adds the documents to the relation' do
             expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
           end
 
-          it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+          it 'sets the foreign key on the relation' do
             expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
           end
 
-          it "sets the foreign key on the inverse relation" do
+          it 'sets the foreign key on the inverse relation' do
             expect(preference.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
           end
 
-          it "saves the target" do
+          it 'saves the target' do
             expect(preference).to be_persisted
           end
 
-          it "adds the correct number of documents" do
+          it 'adds the correct number of documents' do
             expect(person.preferences.size).to eq(1)
           end
 
-          it "persists the link" do
+          it 'persists the link' do
             expect(person.reload.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
           end
         end
 
-        context "when setting via the associated ids" do
-
+        context 'when setting via the associated ids' do
           let!(:persisted) do
-            Preference.create!(name: "testy")
+            Preference.create!(name: 'testy')
           end
 
           let(:preference) do
@@ -1496,30 +1413,29 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
             person.save!
           end
 
-          it "adds the documents to the relation" do
+          it 'adds the documents to the relation' do
             expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
           end
 
-          it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+          it 'sets the foreign key on the relation' do
             expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
           end
 
-          it "sets the foreign key on the inverse relation" do
+          it 'sets the foreign key on the inverse relation' do
             expect(preference.reload.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
           end
 
-          it "adds the correct number of documents" do
+          it 'adds the correct number of documents' do
             expect(person.preferences.size).to eq(1)
           end
 
-          it "persists the link" do
+          it 'persists the link' do
             expect(person.reload.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
           end
         end
       end
 
-      context "when the parent is not a new record" do
-
+      context 'when the parent is not a new record' do
         let(:person) do
           Person.create!
         end
@@ -1532,36 +1448,35 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
           person.preferences.concat([ preference ])
         end
 
-        it "adds the documents to the relation" do
+        it 'adds the documents to the relation' do
           expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
         end
 
-        it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+        it 'sets the foreign key on the relation' do
           expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
         end
 
-        it "sets the foreign key on the inverse relation" do
+        it 'sets the foreign key on the inverse relation' do
           expect(preference.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
         end
 
-        it "sets the base on the inverse relation" do
+        it 'sets the base on the inverse relation' do
           expect(preference.people).to eq([ person ])
         end
 
-        it "sets the same instance on the inverse relation" do
+        it 'sets the same instance on the inverse relation' do
           expect(preference.people.first).to eql(person)
         end
 
-        it "saves the target" do
-          expect(preference).to_not be_new_record
+        it 'saves the target' do
+          expect(preference).not_to be_new_record
         end
 
-        it "adds the document to the target" do
+        it 'adds the document to the target' do
           expect(person.preferences.count).to eq(1)
         end
 
-        context "when documents already exist on the relation" do
-
+        context 'when documents already exist on the relation' do
           let(:preference_two) do
             Preference.new
           end
@@ -1570,38 +1485,37 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
             person.preferences.concat([ preference_two ])
           end
 
-          it "adds the documents to the relation" do
+          it 'adds the documents to the relation' do
             expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference, preference_two ])
           end
 
-          it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+          it 'sets the foreign key on the relation' do
             expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id, preference_two.id ])
           end
 
-          it "sets the foreign key on the inverse relation" do
+          it 'sets the foreign key on the inverse relation' do
             expect(preference_two.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
           end
 
-          it "sets the base on the inverse relation" do
+          it 'sets the base on the inverse relation' do
             expect(preference_two.people).to eq([ person ])
           end
 
-          it "sets the same instance on the inverse relation" do
+          it 'sets the same instance on the inverse relation' do
             expect(preference_two.people.first).to eql(person)
           end
 
-          it "saves the target" do
-            expect(preference).to_not be_new_record
+          it 'saves the target' do
+            expect(preference).not_to be_new_record
           end
 
-          it "adds the document to the target" do
+          it 'adds the document to the target' do
             expect(person.preferences.count).to eq(2)
           end
         end
       end
 
-      context "when both sides have been persisted" do
-
+      context 'when both sides have been persisted' do
         let(:person) do
           Person.create!
         end
@@ -1614,27 +1528,25 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
           person.administrated_events.concat([ event ])
         end
 
-        it "sets the front side of the relation" do
+        it 'sets the front side of the relation' do
           expect(person.administrated_events).to eq([ event ])
         end
 
-        it "sets the inverse side of the relation" do
+        it 'sets the inverse side of the relation' do
           expect(event.administrators(true)).to eq([ person ])
         end
 
-        context "when reloading" do
-
-          it "sets the front side of the relation" do
+        context 'when reloading' do
+          it 'sets the front side of the relation' do
             expect(person.reload.administrated_events).to eq([ event ])
           end
 
-          it "sets the inverse side of the relation" do
+          it 'sets the inverse side of the relation' do
             expect(event.reload.administrators).to eq([ person ])
           end
         end
 
-        context "when performing a new database query" do
-
+        context 'when performing a new database query' do
           let(:loaded_person) do
             Person.find(person.id)
           end
@@ -1643,18 +1555,17 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
             Event.find(event.id)
           end
 
-          it "sets the front side of the relation" do
+          it 'sets the front side of the relation' do
             expect(loaded_person.administrated_events).to eq([ event ])
           end
 
-          it "sets the inverse side of the relation" do
+          it 'sets the inverse side of the relation' do
             expect(loaded_event.administrators).to eq([ person ])
           end
         end
       end
 
-      context "when the relation also includes a has_many relation" do
-
+      context 'when the relation also includes a has_many relation' do
         let(:artwork) do
           Artwork.create!
         end
@@ -1671,46 +1582,43 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
           artwork.exhibitors.concat([ exhibitor ])
         end
 
-        it "creates a single artwork object" do
+        it 'creates a single artwork object' do
           expect(Artwork.count).to eq(1)
         end
       end
 
-      context "when the relation is self referencing" do
-
+      context 'when the relation is self referencing' do
         let(:tag_one) do
-          Tag.create!(text: "one")
+          Tag.create!(text: 'one')
         end
 
         let(:tag_two) do
-          Tag.create!(text: "two")
+          Tag.create!(text: 'two')
         end
 
         before do
           tag_one.related.concat([ tag_two ])
         end
 
-        it "sets the front side of the relation" do
+        it 'sets the front side of the relation' do
           expect(tag_one.related).to eq([ tag_two ])
         end
 
-        it "sets the inverse side of the relation" do
+        it 'sets the inverse side of the relation' do
           expect(tag_two.related(true)).to eq([ tag_one ])
         end
 
-        context "when reloading" do
-
-          it "sets the front side of the relation" do
+        context 'when reloading' do
+          it 'sets the front side of the relation' do
             expect(tag_one.reload.related).to eq([ tag_two ])
           end
 
-          it "sets the inverse side of the relation" do
+          it 'sets the inverse side of the relation' do
             expect(tag_two.reload.related).to eq([ tag_one ])
           end
         end
 
-        context "when performing a new database query" do
-
+        context 'when performing a new database query' do
           let(:loaded_tag_one) do
             Tag.find(tag_one.id)
           end
@@ -1719,11 +1627,11 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
             Tag.find(tag_two.id)
           end
 
-          it "sets the front side of the relation" do
+          it 'sets the front side of the relation' do
             expect(loaded_tag_one.related).to eq([ tag_two ])
           end
 
-          it "sets the inverse side of the relation" do
+          it 'sets the inverse side of the relation' do
             expect(loaded_tag_two.related).to eq([ tag_one ])
           end
         end
@@ -1731,16 +1639,13 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
     end
   end
 
-  describe "#count" do
-
+  describe '#count' do
     let(:person) do
       Person.create!
     end
 
-    context "when nothing exists on the relation" do
-
-      context "when the document is destroyed" do
-
+    context 'when nothing exists on the relation' do
+      context 'when the document is destroyed' do
         before do
           Meat.create!
         end
@@ -1749,123 +1654,110 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
           Sandwich.create!
         end
 
-        it "returns zero" do
+        it 'returns zero' do
           sandwich.destroy
           expect(sandwich.meats.count).to eq(0)
         end
       end
     end
 
-    context "when documents have been persisted" do
-
+    context 'when documents have been persisted' do
       let!(:preference) do
-        person.preferences.create!(name: "setting")
+        person.preferences.create!(name: 'setting')
       end
 
-      it "returns the number of persisted documents" do
+      it 'returns the number of persisted documents' do
         expect(person.preferences.count).to eq(1)
       end
     end
 
-    context "when appending to a loaded relation" do
-
+    context 'when appending to a loaded relation' do
       let!(:preference) do
-        person.preferences.create!(name: "setting")
+        person.preferences.create!(name: 'setting')
       end
 
       before do
         person.preferences.count
-        person.preferences << Preference.create!(name: "two")
+        person.preferences << Preference.create!(name: 'two')
       end
 
-      it "returns the number of persisted documents" do
+      it 'returns the number of persisted documents' do
         expect(person.preferences.count).to eq(2)
       end
     end
 
-    context "when documents have not been persisted" do
-
+    context 'when documents have not been persisted' do
       let!(:preference) do
-        person.preferences.build(name: "settings")
+        person.preferences.build(name: 'settings')
       end
 
-      it "returns 0" do
+      it 'returns 0' do
         expect(person.preferences.count).to eq(0)
       end
     end
 
-    context "when new documents exist in the database" do
-
-      context "when the documents are part of the relation" do
-
+    context 'when new documents exist in the database' do
+      context 'when the documents are part of the relation' do
         before do
           Preference.create!(person_ids: [ person.id ])
         end
 
-        it "returns the count from the db" do
+        it 'returns the count from the db' do
           expect(person.reload.preferences.count).to eq(1)
         end
       end
 
-      context "when the documents are not part of the relation" do
-
+      context 'when the documents are not part of the relation' do
         before do
           Preference.create!
         end
 
-        it "returns the count from the db" do
+        it 'returns the count from the db' do
           expect(person.preferences.count).to eq(0)
         end
       end
     end
 
-    context "when the inverse relation is not defined" do
-
-      context "when documents have been persisted" do
-
+    context 'when the inverse relation is not defined' do
+      context 'when documents have been persisted' do
         let!(:house) do
-          person.houses.create!(name: "Wayne Manor")
+          person.houses.create!(name: 'Wayne Manor')
         end
 
-        it "returns the number of persisted documents" do
+        it 'returns the number of persisted documents' do
           expect(person.houses.count).to eq(1)
         end
       end
 
-      context "when documents have not been persisted" do
-
+      context 'when documents have not been persisted' do
         let!(:house) do
-          person.houses.build(name: "Ryugyong Hotel")
+          person.houses.build(name: 'Ryugyong Hotel')
         end
 
-        it "returns 0" do
+        it 'returns 0' do
           expect(person.preferences.count).to eq(0)
         end
       end
     end
   end
 
-  describe "#any?" do
-
+  describe '#any?' do
     let(:sandwich) do
       Sandwich.create!
     end
 
-    context "when nothing exists on the relation" do
-
-      context "when no document is added" do
-
+    context 'when nothing exists on the relation' do
+      context 'when no document is added' do
         let!(:sandwich) do
           Sandwich.create!
         end
 
-        it "returns false" do
+        it 'returns false' do
           expect(sandwich.meats.any?).to be false
         end
       end
 
-      context "when the document is destroyed" do
-
+      context 'when the document is destroyed' do
         before do
           Meat.create!
         end
@@ -1874,15 +1766,14 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
           Sandwich.create!
         end
 
-        it "returns false" do
+        it 'returns false' do
           sandwich.destroy
           expect(sandwich.meats.any?).to be false
         end
       end
     end
 
-    context "when appending to a relation and _loaded/_unloaded are empty" do
-
+    context 'when appending to a relation and _loaded/_unloaded are empty' do
       let!(:sandwich) do
         Sandwich.create!
       end
@@ -1891,138 +1782,144 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
         sandwich.meats << Meat.new
       end
 
-      it "returns true" do
+      it 'returns true' do
         expect(sandwich.meats.any?).to be true
       end
     end
 
-    context "when appending to a relation in a transaction" do
+    context 'when appending to a relation in a transaction' do
       require_transaction_support
 
+      # for some reason this test fails intermittently on any sharded
+      # topology (sharded or load-balanced). The error is:
+      #
+      #   [13388:StaleConfig]: Transaction <id>...eats is not currently
+      #   known and needs to be recovered
+      #
+      # It will fail on one run, succeed on the next, fail on the next,
+      # etc. Tested on both db versions 7 and 8, with both sharded and
+      # load-balanced topologies. For now, we'll just test this on a
+      # replica set.
+      require_topology :replica_set
+
+      # this also fails on server version 4.0, even with replica set,
+      # so we'll just skip it
+      min_server_version '5.0'
+
       let!(:sandwich) do
         Sandwich.create!
       end
 
-      it "returns true" do
-        sandwich.with_session do |session|
-          session.with_transaction do
-            expect{ sandwich.meats << Meat.new }.to_not raise_error
-            expect(sandwich.meats.any?).to be true
-          end
+      it 'returns true' do
+        sandwich.transaction do
+          expect { sandwich.meats << Meat.new }.not_to raise_error
+          expect(sandwich.meats.any?).to be true
         end
       end
     end
 
-    context "when documents have been persisted" do
-
+    context 'when documents have been persisted' do
       let!(:meat) do
         sandwich.meats.create!
       end
 
-      it "returns true" do
+      it 'returns true' do
         expect(sandwich.meats.any?).to be true
       end
     end
 
-    context "when documents have not been persisted" do
-
+    context 'when documents have not been persisted' do
       let!(:meat) do
         sandwich.meats.build
       end
 
-      it "returns false" do
+      it 'returns false' do
         expect(sandwich.meats.any?).to be true
       end
     end
 
-    context "when new documents exist in the database" do
+    context 'when new documents exist in the database' do
       before do
-        Meat.create!(sandwiches: [sandwich])
+        Meat.create!(sandwiches: [ sandwich ])
       end
 
-      it "returns true" do
+      it 'returns true' do
         expect(sandwich.meats.any?).to be true
       end
     end
   end
 
-  [ :create, :create! ].each do |method|
-
+  %i[create create!].each do |method|
     describe "##{method}" do
-
-      context "when the relation is not polymorphic" do
-
-        context "when using string keys" do
-
+      context 'when the relation is not polymorphic' do
+        context 'when using string keys' do
           let(:agent) do
-            Agent.create!(number: "007")
+            Agent.create!(number: '007')
           end
 
           before do
-            agent.accounts.send(method, name: "test again")
+            agent.accounts.send(method, name: 'test again')
           end
 
-          it "does not convert the string key to an object id" do
-            expect(agent.account_ids).to eq([ "test-again" ])
+          it 'does not convert the string key to an object id' do
+            expect(agent.account_ids).to eq([ 'test-again' ])
           end
         end
 
-        context "when the parent is a new record" do
-
+        context 'when the parent is a new record' do
           let(:person) do
             Person.new
           end
 
-          it "raises an unsaved document error" do
-            expect {
-              person.preferences.send(method, name: "Testing")
-            }.to raise_error(Mongoid::Errors::UnsavedDocument)
+          it 'raises an unsaved document error' do
+            expect do
+              person.preferences.send(method, name: 'Testing')
+            end.to raise_error(Mongoid::Errors::UnsavedDocument)
           end
         end
 
-        context "when the parent is not a new record" do
-
+        context 'when the parent is not a new record' do
           let(:person) do
             Person.send(method)
           end
 
           let!(:preference) do
-            person.preferences.send(method, name: "Testing")
+            person.preferences.send(method, name: 'Testing')
           end
 
-          it "sets the foreign key on the relation" do
+          it 'sets the foreign key on the relation' do
             expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
           end
 
-          it "sets the foreign key on the inverse relation" do
+          it 'sets the foreign key on the inverse relation' do
             expect(preference.person_ids).to eq([ person.id ])
           end
 
-          it "adds the document" do
+          it 'adds the document' do
             expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference ])
           end
 
-          it "sets the base on the inverse relation" do
+          it 'sets the base on the inverse relation' do
             expect(preference.people).to eq([ person ])
           end
 
-          it "sets the attributes" do
-            expect(preference.name).to eq("Testing")
+          it 'sets the attributes' do
+            expect(preference.name).to eq('Testing')
           end
 
-          it "saves the target" do
+          it 'saves the target' do
             expect(preference).to be_persisted
           end
 
-          it "adds the document to the target" do
+          it 'adds the document to the target' do
             expect(person.preferences.count).to eq(1)
           end
 
-          it "does not duplicate documents" do
+          it 'does not duplicate documents' do
             expect(person.reload.preferences.count).to eq(1)
           end
 
-          it "does not duplicate ids" do
+          it 'does not duplicate ids' do
             expect(person.reload.preference_ids.count).to eq(1)
           end
         end
@@ -2030,30 +1927,27 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
     end
   end
 
-  describe "#create!" do
-
-    context "when validation fails" do
-
+  describe '#create!' do
+    context 'when validation fails' do
       let(:person) do
         Person.create!
       end
 
-      context "when the relation is not polymorphic" do
-
-        it "raises an error" do
-          expect {
-            person.preferences.create!(name: "a")
-          }.to raise_error(Mongoid::Errors::Validations)
+      context 'when the relation is not polymorphic' do
+        it 'raises an error' do
+          expect do
+            person.preferences.create!(name: 'a')
+          end.to raise_error(Mongoid::Errors::Validations)
         end
       end
     end
   end
 
   %i[ delete delete_one ].each do |method|
-    describe "\##{method}" do
+    describe "##{method}" do
       let(:person) { Person.create! }
-      let(:preference_one) { Preference.create!(name: "Testing") }
-      let(:preference_two) { Preference.create!(name: "Test") }
+      let(:preference_one) { Preference.create!(name: 'Testing') }
+      let(:preference_two) { Preference.create!(name: 'Test') }
 
       before do
         person.preferences << [ preference_one, preference_two ]
@@ -2134,8 +2028,8 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
       end
 
       context 'when the relationships are self referencing' do
-        let(:tag_one) { Tag.create!(text: "one") }
-        let(:tag_two) { Tag.create!(text: "two") }
+        let(:tag_one) { Tag.create!(text: 'one') }
+        let(:tag_two) { Tag.create!(text: 'two') }
 
         before do
           tag_one.related << tag_two
@@ -2162,7 +2056,7 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
         end
 
         context 'when deleting with reloading' do
-          context "when deleting from the front side" do
+          context 'when deleting from the front side' do
             let(:reloaded) { tag_one.reload }
             let!(:deleted) { reloaded.related.send(method, tag_two) }
 
@@ -2225,10 +2119,10 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
             end
           end
 
-          context "when errors are raised" do
+          context 'when errors are raised' do
             before do
               expect(post).to receive(:before_remove_tag).and_raise
-              begin; post.tags.send(method, tag); rescue; end
+              begin; post.tags.send(method, tag); rescue StandardError; end
             end
 
             it 'does not remove the document from the relation' do
@@ -2255,7 +2149,7 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
           context 'when errors are raised' do
             before do
               expect(post).to receive(:after_remove_tag).and_raise
-              begin; post.tags.send(method, tag); rescue; end
+              begin; post.tags.send(method, tag); rescue StandardError; end
             end
 
             it 'removes the document from the relation' do
@@ -2267,61 +2161,53 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
     end
   end
 
-  # Whether the conditions carry a pattern decides which branch of remove_all
-  # runs, so anything that has to behave the same on both is exercised twice.
-  conditions_variants = [
-    [ 'no regular expression', nil ],
-    [ 'a regular expression', { name: /Test/ } ]
-  ].freeze
-
   %i[ delete_all destroy_all ].each do |method|
-    describe "\##{method}" do
+    describe "##{method}" do
       context 'when the relation is not polymorphic' do
         context 'when conditions are provided' do
           let(:person) { Person.create! }
 
           let!(:preference_one) do
-            person.preferences.create!(name: "Testing")
+            person.preferences.create!(name: 'Testing')
           end
 
           let!(:preference_two) do
-            person.preferences.create!(name: "Test")
+            person.preferences.create!(name: 'Test')
           end
 
           let!(:deleted) do
             person.preferences.send(
-                method,
-                { name: "Testing" }
+              method,
+              { name: 'Testing' }
             )
           end
 
-          it "removes the correct preferences" do
+          it 'removes the correct preferences' do
             expect(person.preferences.count).to eq(1)
           end
 
-          it "deletes the documents from the database" do
-            expect(Preference.where(name: "Testing").count).to eq(0)
+          it 'deletes the documents from the database' do
+            expect(Preference.where(name: 'Testing').count).to eq(0)
           end
 
-          it "returns the number of documents deleted" do
+          it 'returns the number of documents deleted' do
             expect(deleted).to eq(1)
           end
 
-          it "removes the ids from the foreign key" do
+          it 'removes the ids from the foreign key' do
             expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference_two.id ])
           end
 
-          it "sets the association locally" do
-            expect(person.preferences).to eq([preference_two])
+          it 'sets the association locally' do
+            expect(person.preferences).to eq([ preference_two ])
           end
         end
 
-        context "when conditions are not provided" do
-
+        context 'when conditions are not provided' do
           let(:person) do
             Person.create!.tap do |person|
-              person.preferences.create!(name: "Testing")
-              person.preferences.create!(name: "Test")
+              person.preferences.create!(name: 'Testing')
+              person.preferences.create!(name: 'Test')
             end
           end
 
@@ -2329,227 +2215,176 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
             person.preferences.send(method)
           end
 
-          it "removes the correct preferences" do
+          it 'removes the correct preferences' do
             expect(person.preferences.count).to eq(0)
           end
 
-          it "deletes the documents from the database" do
+          it 'deletes the documents from the database' do
             expect(Preference.count).to eq(0)
           end
 
-          it "returns the number of documents deleted" do
+          it 'returns the number of documents deleted' do
             expect(deleted).to eq(2)
           end
 
-          it "sets the association locally" do
+          it 'sets the association locally' do
             expect(person.preferences).to eq([])
           end
         end
-
-        context 'when the base holds the foreign keys' do
-          # unbind_one pulls ids out of the base's foreign key array and marks
-          # the base dirty, so which documents get unbound is visible here.
-          # Only what the association already held is unbound, and that has to
-          # hold whether or not the conditions carry a regular expression:
-          # scanning under a regexp budget loads the association first, and
-          # that load must not turn into an unbind of its own. See the note in
-          # HasMany::Proxy#remove_all_bounded.
-          let!(:person) do
-            Person.create!.tap do |base|
-              base.preferences.create!(name: 'Testing')
-              base.preferences.create!(name: 'Test')
-            end
-          end
-
-          let(:ids) { person.preference_ids.dup }
-
-          conditions_variants.each do |description, conditions|
-            context "when the conditions carry #{description}" do
-              context 'when the association is already in memory' do
-                it 'unbinds the deleted documents' do
-                  person.preferences.send(method, conditions)
-                  expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([])
-                  expect(person).to be_changed
-                end
-              end
-
-              context 'when the association has not been loaded' do
-                let(:cold) { Person.find(person._id) }
-
-                it 'leaves the foreign keys alone' do
-                  expect(ids.length).to eq(2)
-                  cold.preferences.send(method, conditions)
-                  expect(cold.preference_ids).to eq(ids)
-                  expect(cold).not_to be_changed
-                end
-              end
-            end
-          end
-        end
       end
     end
   end
 
-  describe ".embedded?" do
-
-    it "returns false" do
-      expect(described_class).to_not be_embedded
+  describe '.embedded?' do
+    it 'returns false' do
+      expect(described_class).not_to be_embedded
     end
   end
 
-  describe "#exists?" do
-
+  describe '#exists?' do
     let!(:person) do
       Person.create!
     end
 
-    context "when documents exist in the database" do
-
+    context 'when documents exist in the database' do
       before do
         person.preferences.create!
       end
 
-      it "returns true" do
+      it 'returns true' do
         expect(person.preferences.exists?).to be true
       end
     end
 
-    context "when no documents exist in the database" do
-
+    context 'when no documents exist in the database' do
       before do
         person.preferences.build
       end
 
-      it "returns false" do
+      it 'returns false' do
         expect(person.preferences.exists?).to be false
       end
     end
   end
 
-  describe "#find" do
-
-    context "when the relation is not polymorphic" do
-
+  describe '#find' do
+    context 'when the relation is not polymorphic' do
       let(:person) do
         Person.create!
       end
 
       let!(:preference_one) do
-        person.preferences.create!(name: "Test")
+        person.preferences.create!(name: 'Test')
       end
 
       let!(:preference_two) do
-        person.preferences.create!(name: "OMG I has relations")
+        person.preferences.create!(name: 'OMG I has relations')
       end
 
       let!(:unrelated_pref) do
-        Preference.create!(name: "orphan annie")
+        Preference.create!(name: 'orphan annie')
       end
 
       let!(:unrelated_pref_two) do
-        Preference.create!(name: "orphan two")
+        Preference.create!(name: 'orphan two')
       end
 
-      context "when providing an id" do
-
-        context "when the id matches" do
-
+      context 'when providing an id' do
+        context 'when the id matches' do
           let(:preference) do
             person.preferences.find(preference_one.id)
           end
 
-          it "returns the matching document" do
+          it 'returns the matching document' do
             expect(preference).to eq(preference_one)
           end
         end
 
-        context "when the id matches an unreferenced document" do
-
+        context 'when the id matches an unreferenced document' do
           let(:preference) do
             person.preferences.find(unrelated_pref.id)
           end
 
-          it "raises an error" do
-            expect {
+          it 'raises an error' do
+            expect do
               preference
-            }.to raise_error(Mongoid::Errors::DocumentNotFound, /Document\(s\) not found for class Preference with id\(s\)/)
+            end.to raise_error(Mongoid::Errors::DocumentNotFound,
+                               /Document\(s\) not found for class Preference with id\(s\)/)
           end
         end
 
-        context "when the id does not match" do
-
-          context "when config set to raise error" do
+        context 'when the id does not match' do
+          context 'when config set to raise error' do
             config_override :raise_not_found_error, true
 
-            it "raises an error" do
-              expect {
+            it 'raises an error' do
+              expect do
                 person.preferences.find(BSON::ObjectId.new)
-              }.to raise_error(Mongoid::Errors::DocumentNotFound, /Document\(s\) not found for class Preference with id\(s\)/)
+              end.to raise_error(Mongoid::Errors::DocumentNotFound,
+                                 /Document\(s\) not found for class Preference with id\(s\)/)
             end
           end
 
-          context "when config set not to raise error" do
+          context 'when config set not to raise error' do
             config_override :raise_not_found_error, false
 
             let(:preference) do
               person.preferences.find(BSON::ObjectId.new)
             end
 
-            it "returns nil" do
+            it 'returns nil' do
               expect(preference).to be_nil
             end
           end
         end
       end
 
-      context "when providing an array of ids" do
-
-        context "when the ids match" do
-
+      context 'when providing an array of ids' do
+        context 'when the ids match' do
           let(:preferences) do
             person.preferences.find([ preference_one.id, preference_two.id ])
           end
 
-          it "returns the matching documents" do
+          it 'returns the matching documents' do
             expect(preferences).to eq([ preference_one, preference_two ])
           end
         end
 
-        context "when the ids match unreferenced documents" do
-
+        context 'when the ids match unreferenced documents' do
           let(:preferences) do
             person.preferences.find(
-                [ unrelated_pref.id, unrelated_pref_two.id ]
+              [ unrelated_pref.id, unrelated_pref_two.id ]
             )
           end
 
-          it "raises an error" do
-            expect {
+          it 'raises an error' do
+            expect do
               preferences
-            }.to raise_error(Mongoid::Errors::DocumentNotFound, /Document\(s\) not found for class Preference with id\(s\)/)
+            end.to raise_error(Mongoid::Errors::DocumentNotFound,
+                               /Document\(s\) not found for class Preference with id\(s\)/)
           end
         end
 
-        context "when the ids do not match" do
-
-          context "when config set to raise error" do
+        context 'when the ids do not match' do
+          context 'when config set to raise error' do
             config_override :raise_not_found_error, true
 
-            it "raises an error" do
-              expect {
+            it 'raises an error' do
+              expect do
                 person.preferences.find([ BSON::ObjectId.new ])
-              }.to raise_error(Mongoid::Errors::DocumentNotFound, /Document\(s\) not found for class Preference with id\(s\)/)
+              end.to raise_error(Mongoid::Errors::DocumentNotFound,
+                                 /Document\(s\) not found for class Preference with id\(s\)/)
             end
           end
 
-          context "when config set not to raise error" do
+          context 'when config set not to raise error' do
             config_override :raise_not_found_error, false
 
             let(:preferences) do
               person.preferences.find([ BSON::ObjectId.new ])
             end
 
-            it "returns an empty array" do
+            it 'returns an empty array' do
               expect(preferences).to be_empty
             end
           end
@@ -2558,140 +2393,129 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
     end
   end
 
-  describe "#find_or_create_by" do
-
-    context "when the relation is not polymorphic" do
-
+  describe '#find_or_create_by' do
+    context 'when the relation is not polymorphic' do
       let(:person) do
         Person.create!
       end
 
       let!(:preference) do
-        person.preferences.create!(name: "Testing")
+        person.preferences.create!(name: 'Testing')
       end
 
-      context "when the document exists" do
-
+      context 'when the document exists' do
         let(:found) do
-          person.preferences.find_or_create_by(name: "Testing")
+          person.preferences.find_or_create_by(name: 'Testing')
         end
 
-        it "returns the document" do
+        it 'returns the document' do
           expect(found).to eq(preference)
         end
       end
 
-      context "when the document does not exist" do
-
+      context 'when the document does not exist' do
         let(:found) do
-          person.preferences.find_or_create_by(name: "Test")
+          person.preferences.find_or_create_by(name: 'Test')
         end
 
-        it "sets the new document attributes" do
-          expect(found.name).to eq("Test")
+        it 'sets the new document attributes' do
+          expect(found.name).to eq('Test')
         end
 
-        it "returns a newly persisted document" do
+        it 'returns a newly persisted document' do
           expect(found).to be_persisted
         end
       end
     end
   end
 
-  describe "#find_or_create_by!" do
-
-    context "when the relation is not polymorphic" do
-
+  describe '#find_or_create_by!' do
+    context 'when the relation is not polymorphic' do
       let(:person) do
         Person.create!
       end
 
       let!(:preference) do
-        person.preferences.create!(name: "Testing")
+        person.preferences.create!(name: 'Testing')
       end
 
-      context "when the document exists" do
-
+      context 'when the document exists' do
         let(:found) do
-          person.preferences.find_or_create_by!(name: "Testing")
+          person.preferences.find_or_create_by!(name: 'Testing')
         end
 
-        it "returns the document" do
+        it 'returns the document' do
           expect(found).to eq(preference)
         end
       end
 
-      context "when the document does not exist" do
-
+      context 'when the document does not exist' do
         let(:found) do
-          person.preferences.find_or_create_by!(name: "Test")
+          person.preferences.find_or_create_by!(name: 'Test')
         end
 
-        it "sets the new document attributes" do
-          expect(found.name).to eq("Test")
+        it 'sets the new document attributes' do
+          expect(found.name).to eq('Test')
         end
 
-        it "returns a newly persisted document" do
+        it 'returns a newly persisted document' do
           expect(found).to be_persisted
         end
 
-        context "when validation fails" do
-
-          it "raises an error" do
-            expect {
-              person.preferences.find_or_create_by!(name: "A")
-            }.to raise_error(Mongoid::Errors::Validations)
+        context 'when validation fails' do
+          it 'raises an error' do
+            expect do
+              person.preferences.find_or_create_by!(name: 'A')
+            end.to raise_error(Mongoid::Errors::Validations)
           end
         end
       end
     end
   end
 
-  describe "#find_or_initialize_by" do
-
-    context "when the relation is not polymorphic" do
-
+  describe '#find_or_initialize_by' do
+    context 'when the relation is not polymorphic' do
       let(:person) do
         Person.create!
       end
 
       let!(:preference) do
-        person.preferences.create!(name: "Testing")
+        person.preferences.create!(name: 'Testing')
       end
 
-      context "when the document exists" do
-
+      context 'when the document exists' do
         let(:found) do
-          person.preferences.find_or_initialize_by(name: "Testing")
+          person.preferences.find_or_initialize_by(name: 'Testing')
         end
 
-        it "returns the document" do
+        it 'returns the document' do
           expect(found).to eq(preference)
         end
       end
 
-      context "when the document does not exist" do
-
+      context 'when the document does not exist' do
         let(:found) do
-          person.preferences.find_or_initialize_by(name: "Test")
+          person.preferences.find_or_initialize_by(name: 'Test')
         end
 
-        it "sets the new document attributes" do
-          expect(found.name).to eq("Test")
+        it 'sets the new document attributes' do
+          expect(found.name).to eq('Test')
         end
 
-        it "returns a non persisted document" do
-          expect(found).to_not be_persisted
+        it 'returns a non persisted document' do
+          expect(found).not_to be_persisted
         end
       end
     end
   end
 
-  describe "#max" do
-
+  describe '#max' do
     let(:person) do
       Person.create!
     end
+    let(:max) do
+      person.preferences.max_by(&:ranking)
+    end
 
     let(:preference_one) do
       Preference.create!(ranking: 5)
@@ -2705,22 +2529,18 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
       person.preferences.push(preference_one, preference_two)
     end
 
-    let(:max) do
-      person.preferences.max do |a,b|
-        a.ranking <=> b.ranking
-      end
-    end
-
-    it "returns the document with the max value of the supplied field" do
+    it 'returns the document with the max value of the supplied field' do
       expect(max).to eq(preference_two)
     end
   end
 
-  describe "#max_by" do
-
+  describe '#max_by' do
     let(:person) do
       Person.create!
     end
+    let(:max) do
+      person.preferences.max_by(&:ranking)
+    end
 
     let(:preference_one) do
       Preference.create!(ranking: 5)
@@ -2734,108 +2554,95 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
       person.preferences.push(preference_one, preference_two)
     end
 
-    let(:max) do
-      person.preferences.max_by(&:ranking)
-    end
-
-    it "returns the document with the max value of the supplied field" do
+    it 'returns the document with the max value of the supplied field' do
       expect(max).to eq(preference_two)
     end
   end
 
-  describe "#method_missing" do
-
+  describe '#method_missing' do
     let!(:person) do
       Person.create!
     end
 
     let!(:preference_one) do
-      person.preferences.create!(name: "First", value: "Posting")
+      person.preferences.create!(name: 'First', value: 'Posting')
     end
 
     let!(:preference_two) do
-      person.preferences.create!(name: "Second", value: "Testing")
+      person.preferences.create!(name: 'Second', value: 'Testing')
     end
 
     let!(:unrelated) do
-      Preference.create!(name: "Third")
+      Preference.create!(name: 'Third')
     end
 
-    context "when providing a single criteria" do
-
+    context 'when providing a single criteria' do
       let(:preferences) do
-        person.preferences.where(name: "First")
+        person.preferences.where(name: 'First')
       end
 
-      it "applies the criteria to the documents" do
+      it 'applies the criteria to the documents' do
         expect(preferences).to eq([ preference_one ])
       end
 
       context 'when providing a collation' do
-
         let(:preferences) do
-          person.preferences.where(name: "FIRST").collation(locale: 'en_US', strength: 2).to_a
+          person.preferences.where(name: 'FIRST').collation(locale: 'en_US', strength: 2).to_a
         end
 
-        it "applies the collation option to the query" do
+        it 'applies the collation option to the query' do
           expect(preferences).to eq([ preference_one ])
         end
       end
     end
 
-    context "when providing a criteria on id" do
-
+    context 'when providing a criteria on id' do
       let(:preferences) do
         person.preferences.where(_id: unrelated.id)
       end
 
-      it "does not return unrelated documents" do
+      it 'does not return unrelated documents' do
         expect(preferences).to be_empty
       end
     end
 
-    context "when providing a criteria class method" do
-
+    context 'when providing a criteria class method' do
       let(:preferences) do
         person.preferences.posting
       end
 
-      it "applies the criteria to the documents" do
+      it 'applies the criteria to the documents' do
         expect(preferences).to eq([ preference_one ])
       end
     end
 
-    context "when chaining criteria" do
-
+    context 'when chaining criteria' do
       let(:preferences) do
-        person.preferences.posting.where(:name.in => [ "First" ])
+        person.preferences.posting.where(:name.in => [ 'First' ])
       end
 
-      it "applies the criteria to the documents" do
+      it 'applies the criteria to the documents' do
         expect(preferences).to eq([ preference_one ])
       end
     end
 
-    context "when delegating methods" do
-
-      describe "#distinct" do
-
+    context 'when delegating methods' do
+      describe '#distinct' do
         let(:values) do
           person.preferences.distinct(:name)
         end
 
-        it "returns the distinct values for the fields" do
-          expect(values).to include("First")
-          expect(values).to include("Second")
+        it 'returns the distinct values for the fields' do
+          expect(values).to include('First')
+          expect(values).to include('Second')
         end
 
-        context "when the inverse relation is not defined" do
-
+        context 'when the inverse relation is not defined' do
           let!(:house) do
-            person.houses.create!(name: "Wayne Manor")
+            person.houses.create!(name: 'Wayne Manor')
           end
 
-          it "returns the distinct values for the fields" do
+          it 'returns the distinct values for the fields' do
             expect(person.houses.distinct(:name)).to eq([ house.name ])
           end
         end
@@ -2843,11 +2650,13 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
     end
   end
 
-  describe "#min" do
-
+  describe '#min' do
     let(:person) do
       Person.create!
     end
+    let(:min) do
+      person.preferences.min_by(&:ranking)
+    end
 
     let(:preference_one) do
       Preference.create!(ranking: 5)
@@ -2861,22 +2670,18 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
       person.preferences.push(preference_one, preference_two)
     end
 
-    let(:min) do
-      person.preferences.min do |a, b|
-        a.ranking <=> b.ranking
-      end
-    end
-
-    it "returns the min value of the supplied field" do
+    it 'returns the min value of the supplied field' do
       expect(min).to eq(preference_one)
     end
   end
 
-  describe "#min_by" do
-
+  describe '#min_by' do
     let(:person) do
       Person.create!
     end
+    let(:min) do
+      person.preferences.min_by(&:ranking)
+    end
 
     let(:preference_one) do
       Preference.create!(ranking: 5)
@@ -2890,71 +2695,64 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
       person.preferences.push(preference_one, preference_two)
     end
 
-    let(:min) do
-      person.preferences.min_by(&:ranking)
-    end
-
-    it "returns the min value of the supplied field" do
+    it 'returns the min value of the supplied field' do
       expect(min).to eq(preference_one)
     end
   end
 
-  describe "#nil?" do
-
-    it "returns false" do
-      expect(Person.new.preferences).to_not be_nil
+  describe '#nil?' do
+    it 'returns false' do
+      expect(Person.new.preferences).not_to be_nil
     end
   end
 
-  describe "#nullify_all" do
-
+  describe '#nullify_all' do
     let(:person) do
       Person.create!
     end
 
     let!(:preference_one) do
-      person.preferences.create!(name: "One")
+      person.preferences.create!(name: 'One')
     end
 
     let!(:preference_two) do
-      person.preferences.create!(name: "Two")
+      person.preferences.create!(name: 'Two')
     end
 
     before do
       person.preferences.nullify_all
     end
 
-    it "removes the foreign key from the base document" do
+    it 'removes the foreign key from the base document' do
       [ preference_one, preference_two ].each do |preference|
-        expect(person.preference_ids).to_not include(preference.id)
+        expect(person.preference_ids).not_to include(preference.id)
       end
     end
 
-    it "removes the foreign key from the target documents" do
+    it 'removes the foreign key from the target documents' do
       [ preference_one, preference_two ].each do |preference|
-        expect(preference.person_ids).to_not include(person.id)
+        expect(preference.person_ids).not_to include(person.id)
       end
     end
 
-    it "removes the reference from the base document" do
+    it 'removes the reference from the base document' do
       [ preference_one, preference_two ].each do |preference|
-        expect(person.preferences).to_not include(preference)
+        expect(person.preferences).not_to include(preference)
       end
     end
 
-    it "removes the reference from the target documents" do
+    it 'removes the reference from the target documents' do
       [ preference_one, preference_two ].each do |preference|
-        expect(preference.people).to_not include(person)
+        expect(preference.people).not_to include(person)
       end
     end
 
-    it "saves the documents" do
-      expect(preference_one.reload.people).to_not include(person)
+    it 'saves the documents' do
+      expect(preference_one.reload.people).not_to include(person)
     end
   end
 
-  describe "#respond_to?" do
-
+  describe '#respond_to?' do
     let(:person) do
       Person.new
     end
@@ -2964,90 +2762,78 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
     end
 
     Array.public_instance_methods.sort.each do |method|
-
       context "when checking Array##{method}" do
-
         before do
           expect([].respond_to?(method)).to be true
         end
 
-        it "returns true" do
+        it 'returns true' do
           expect(preferences.respond_to?(method)).to be true
         end
       end
     end
 
     Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy.public_instance_methods.sort.each do |method|
-
       context "when checking Proxy##{method}" do
-
-        it "returns true" do
+        it 'returns true' do
           expect(preferences.respond_to?(method)).to be true
         end
       end
     end
 
     Preference.scopes.keys.sort.each do |method|
-
       context "when checking scope #{method}" do
-
-        it "returns true" do
+        it 'returns true' do
           expect(preferences.respond_to?(method)).to be true
         end
       end
     end
   end
 
-  describe "#scoped" do
-
+  describe '#scoped' do
     let(:scoped) do
       person.preferences.scoped
     end
 
     context 'when association is empty' do
-
       let(:person) do
         Person.new
       end
 
-      it "returns the relation criteria" do
+      it 'returns the relation criteria' do
         expect(scoped).to be_a(Mongoid::Criteria)
       end
 
-      it "returns with an empty selector" do
-        expect(scoped.selector).to eq("_id" => { "$in" => [] })
+      it 'returns with an empty selector' do
+        expect(scoped.selector).to eq('_id' => { '$in' => [] })
       end
     end
 
     context 'when association is not empty' do
-
       let(:person) do
         Person.create!(preferences: [
-          Preference.new(id: 123),
-        ])
+                         Preference.new(id: 123)
+                       ])
       end
 
-      it "returns with a selector including association element ids" do
-        expect(scoped.selector).to eq("_id" => { "$in" => [123] })
+      it 'returns with a selector including association element ids' do
+        expect(scoped.selector).to eq('_id' => { '$in' => [ 123 ] })
       end
     end
   end
 
-  [ :size, :length ].each do |method|
-
+  %i[size length].each do |method|
     describe "##{method}" do
-
       let(:person) do
         Person.create!
       end
 
-      context "when documents have been persisted" do
-
+      context 'when documents have been persisted' do
         let!(:preference) do
-          person.preferences.create!(name: "Testing")
+          person.preferences.create!(name: 'Testing')
         end
 
-        it "returns the number of documents" do
+        it 'returns the number of documents' do
           expect(person.preferences.send(method)).to eq(1)
         end
       end
@@ -3080,238 +2866,225 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
         end
       end
 
-      context "when documents have not been persisted" do
-
+      context 'when documents have not been persisted' do
         before do
-          person.preferences.build(name: "Test")
-          person.preferences.create!(name: "Test 2")
+          person.preferences.build(name: 'Test')
+          person.preferences.create!(name: 'Test 2')
         end
 
-        it "returns the total number of documents" do
+        it 'returns the total number of documents' do
           expect(person.preferences.send(method)).to eq(2)
         end
       end
     end
   end
 
-  describe "#unscoped" do
-
-    context "when the relation has no default scope" do
-
+  describe '#unscoped' do
+    context 'when the relation has no default scope' do
       let!(:person) do
         Person.create!
       end
 
       let!(:preference_one) do
-        person.preferences.create!(name: "first")
+        person.preferences.create!(name: 'first')
       end
 
       let!(:preference_two) do
-        Preference.create!(name: "second")
+        Preference.create!(name: 'second')
       end
 
       let(:unscoped) do
         person.preferences.unscoped
       end
 
-      it "returns only the associated documents" do
+      it 'returns only the associated documents' do
         expect(unscoped).to eq([ preference_one ])
       end
     end
 
-    context "when the relation has a default scope" do
-
+    context 'when the relation has a default scope' do
       let!(:person) do
         Person.create!
       end
 
       let!(:house_one) do
-        person.houses.create!(name: "first")
+        person.houses.create!(name: 'first')
       end
 
       let!(:house_two) do
-        House.create!(name: "second")
+        House.create!(name: 'second')
       end
 
       let(:unscoped) do
         person.houses.unscoped
       end
 
-      it "only returns associated documents" do
+      it 'only returns associated documents' do
         expect(unscoped).to eq([ house_one ])
       end
 
-      it "removes the default scoping options" do
+      it 'removes the default scoping options' do
         expect(unscoped.options).to eq({})
       end
     end
   end
 
-  context "when setting the ids directly after the documents" do
-
+  context 'when setting the ids directly after the documents' do
     let!(:person) do
-      Person.create!(title: "The Boss")
+      Person.create!(title: 'The Boss')
     end
 
     let!(:girlfriend_house) do
-      House.create!(name: "Girlfriend")
+      House.create!(name: 'Girlfriend')
     end
 
     let!(:wife_house) do
-      House.create!(name: "Wife")
+      House.create!(name: 'Wife')
     end
 
     let!(:exwife_house) do
-      House.create!(name: "Ex-Wife")
+      House.create!(name: 'Ex-Wife')
     end
 
     before do
       person.update_attributes!(
-          houses: [ wife_house, exwife_house, girlfriend_house ]
+        houses: [ wife_house, exwife_house, girlfriend_house ]
       )
       person.update_attributes!(house_ids: [ girlfriend_house.id ])
     end
 
-    context "when reloading" do
-
-      it "properly sets the references" do
+    context 'when reloading' do
+      it 'properly sets the references' do
         expect(person.houses(true)).to eq([ girlfriend_house ])
       end
     end
   end
 
-  context "when setting both sides in a single call" do
-
-    context "when the documents are new" do
-
+  context 'when setting both sides in a single call' do
+    context 'when the documents are new' do
       let(:user) do
-        User.new(name: "testing")
+        User.new(name: 'testing')
       end
 
       let(:business) do
-        Business.new(name: "serious", owners: [ user ])
+        Business.new(name: 'serious', owners: [ user ])
       end
 
       before do
         user.businesses = [ business ]
       end
 
-      it "sets the businesses" do
+      it 'sets the businesses' do
         expect(user.businesses).to eq([ business ])
       end
 
-      it "sets the inverse users" do
+      it 'sets the inverse users' do
         expect(user.businesses.first.owners.first).to eq(user)
       end
 
-      it "sets the inverse businesses" do
+      it 'sets the inverse businesses' do
         expect(business.owners).to eq([ user ])
       end
     end
 
-    context "when one side is persisted" do
-
+    context 'when one side is persisted' do
       let!(:user) do
-        User.new(name: "testing")
+        User.new(name: 'testing')
       end
 
       let!(:business) do
-        Business.create!(name: "serious", owners: [ user ])
+        Business.create!(name: 'serious', owners: [ user ])
       end
 
       before do
         user.businesses = [ business ]
       end
 
-      it "sets the businesses" do
+      it 'sets the businesses' do
         expect(user.businesses).to eq([ business ])
       end
 
-      it "sets the inverse users" do
+      it 'sets the inverse users' do
         expect(user.businesses.first.owners.first).to eq(user)
       end
 
-      it "sets the inverse businesses" do
+      it 'sets the inverse businesses' do
         expect(business.owners).to eq([ user ])
       end
 
-      context "when reloading" do
-
+      context 'when reloading' do
         before do
           user.reload
           business.reload
         end
 
-        it "persists the businesses" do
+        it 'persists the businesses' do
           expect(user.businesses).to eq([ business ])
         end
 
-        it "persists the inverse users" do
+        it 'persists the inverse users' do
           expect(user.businesses.first.owners.first).to eq(user)
         end
 
-        it "persists the inverse businesses" do
+        it 'persists the inverse businesses' do
           expect(business.owners).to eq([ user ])
         end
       end
     end
 
-    context "when the documents are persisted" do
-
+    context 'when the documents are persisted' do
       let(:user) do
-        User.create!(name: "tst")
+        User.create!(name: 'tst')
       end
 
       let(:business) do
-        Business.create!(name: "srs", owners: [ user ])
+        Business.create!(name: 'srs', owners: [ user ])
       end
 
       before do
         user.businesses = [ business ]
       end
 
-      it "sets the businesses" do
+      it 'sets the businesses' do
         expect(user.businesses).to eq([ business ])
       end
 
-      it "sets the inverse users" do
+      it 'sets the inverse users' do
         expect(user.businesses.first.owners.first).to eq(user)
       end
 
-      it "sets the inverse businesses" do
+      it 'sets the inverse businesses' do
         expect(business.owners).to eq([ user ])
       end
 
-      context "when reloading" do
-
+      context 'when reloading' do
         before do
           user.reload
           business.reload
         end
 
-        it "persists the businesses" do
+        it 'persists the businesses' do
           expect(user.businesses).to eq([ business ])
         end
 
-        it "persists the inverse users" do
+        it 'persists the inverse users' do
           expect(user.businesses.first.owners.first).to eq(user)
         end
 
-        it "persists the inverse businesses" do
+        it 'persists the inverse businesses' do
           expect(business.owners).to eq([ user ])
         end
       end
     end
   end
 
-  context "when binding the relation multiple times" do
-
+  context 'when binding the relation multiple times' do
     let(:person) do
       Person.create!
     end
 
     let(:preference) do
-      person.preferences.create!(name: "testing")
+      person.preferences.create!(name: 'testing')
     end
 
     before do
@@ -3322,13 +3095,12 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
       end
     end
 
-    it "does not duplicate foreign keys" do
+    it 'does not duplicate foreign keys' do
       expect(person.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
     end
   end
 
-  context "when the association has order criteria" do
-
+  context 'when the association has order criteria' do
     let(:person) do
       Person.create!
     end
@@ -3350,21 +3122,21 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
       person.ordered_preferences.push(preference_one, preference_two, preference_three)
     end
 
-    it "orders the documents" do
+    it 'orders the documents' do
       expect(person.ordered_preferences(true)).to eq(
-                                                      [preference_two, preference_three, preference_one]
-                                                  )
+        [ preference_two, preference_three, preference_one ]
+      )
     end
 
-    it "chains default criteria with additional" do
+    it 'chains default criteria with additional' do
       expect(person.ordered_preferences.order_by(:name.desc).to_a).to eq(
-                                                                          [preference_three, preference_two, preference_one]
-                                                                      )
+        [ preference_three, preference_two,
+          preference_one ]
+      )
     end
   end
 
-  context "when the parent is not a new record and freshly loaded" do
-
+  context 'when the parent is not a new record and freshly loaded' do
     let(:person) do
       Person.create!
     end
@@ -3380,57 +3152,54 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
       person.preferences = nil
     end
 
-    it "sets the relation to an empty array" do
+    it 'sets the relation to an empty array' do
       expect(person.preferences).to be_empty
     end
 
-    it "removes the foreign key values" do
+    it 'removes the foreign key values' do
       expect(person.preference_ids).to be_empty
     end
 
-    it "does not delete the target from the database" do
-      expect {
+    it 'does not delete the target from the database' do
+      expect do
         preference.reload
-      }.not_to raise_error
+      end.not_to raise_error
     end
   end
 
-  context "when reloading the relation" do
-
+  context 'when reloading the relation' do
     let!(:person) do
       Person.create!
     end
 
     let!(:preference_one) do
-      Preference.create!(name: "one")
+      Preference.create!(name: 'one')
     end
 
     let!(:preference_two) do
-      Preference.create!(name: "two")
+      Preference.create!(name: 'two')
     end
 
     before do
       person.preferences << preference_one
     end
 
-    context "when the relation references the same documents" do
-
+    context 'when the relation references the same documents' do
       before do
-        Preference.collection.find({ _id: preference_one.id }).
-            update_one({ "$set" => { name: "reloaded" }})
+        Preference.collection.find({ _id: preference_one.id })
+                  .update_one({ '$set' => { name: 'reloaded' } })
       end
 
       let(:reloaded) do
         person.preferences(true)
       end
 
-      it "reloads the document from the database" do
-        expect(reloaded.first.name).to eq("reloaded")
+      it 'reloads the document from the database' do
+        expect(reloaded.first.name).to eq('reloaded')
       end
     end
 
-    context "when the relation references different documents" do
-
+    context 'when the relation references different documents' do
       before do
         person.preferences << preference_two
       end
@@ -3439,18 +3208,16 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
         person.preferences(true)
       end
 
-      it "reloads the new document from the database" do
+      it 'reloads the new document from the database' do
         expect(reloaded).to eq([ preference_one, preference_two ])
       end
     end
   end
 
-  context "when adding to a relation via a field setter" do
-
-    context "when the document is new" do
-
+  context 'when adding to a relation via a field setter' do
+    context 'when the document is new' do
       let!(:person) do
-        Person.create!(preference_names: "one, two")
+        Person.create!(preference_names: 'one, two')
       end
 
       let(:preference_one) do
@@ -3461,36 +3228,35 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
         person.reload.preferences.last
       end
 
-      it "persists the first preference" do
-        expect(preference_one).to_not be_nil
+      it 'persists the first preference' do
+        expect(preference_one).not_to be_nil
       end
 
-      it "sets the first inverse" do
+      it 'sets the first inverse' do
         expect(preference_one.people).to eq([ person ])
       end
 
-      it "persists the second preference" do
-        expect(preference_two).to_not be_nil
+      it 'persists the second preference' do
+        expect(preference_two).not_to be_nil
       end
 
-      it "sets the second inverse keys" do
+      it 'sets the second inverse keys' do
         expect(preference_two.people).to eq([ person ])
       end
     end
   end
 
-  context "when changing the order of existing ids" do
-
+  context 'when changing the order of existing ids' do
     let(:person) do
       Person.new
     end
 
     let(:preference_one) do
-      Preference.create!(name: "one")
+      Preference.create!(name: 'one')
     end
 
     let(:preference_two) do
-      Preference.create!(name: "two")
+      Preference.create!(name: 'two')
     end
 
     before do
@@ -3498,8 +3264,7 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
       person.save!
     end
 
-    context "and the order is changed" do
-
+    context 'and the order is changed' do
       before do
         person.preference_ids = [ preference_two.id, preference_one.id ]
         person.save!
@@ -3509,65 +3274,60 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
         Person.find(person.id)
       end
 
-      it "persists the change in id order" do
+      it 'persists the change in id order' do
         expect(reloaded.preference_ids).to eq(
-                                               [ preference_two.id, preference_one.id ]
-                                           )
+          [ preference_two.id, preference_one.id ]
+        )
       end
     end
 
-    context "and the order is changed and an element is added" do
-
+    context 'and the order is changed and an element is added' do
       let(:preference_three) do
-        Preference.create!(name: "three")
+        Preference.create!(name: 'three')
+      end
+      let(:reloaded) do
+        Person.find(person.id)
       end
 
       before do
         person.preference_ids =
-            [ preference_two.id, preference_one.id, preference_three.id ]
+          [ preference_two.id, preference_one.id, preference_three.id ]
         person.save!
       end
 
-      let(:reloaded) do
-        Person.find(person.id)
-      end
-
-      it "also persists the change in id order" do
+      it 'also persists the change in id order' do
         expect(reloaded.preference_ids).to eq(
-                                               [ preference_two.id, preference_one.id, preference_three.id ]
-                                           )
+          [ preference_two.id, preference_one.id, preference_three.id ]
+        )
       end
     end
 
-    context "and the order is changed and an element is removed" do
-
+    context 'and the order is changed and an element is removed' do
       let(:preference_three) do
-        Preference.create!(name: "three")
+        Preference.create!(name: 'three')
+      end
+      let(:reloaded) do
+        Person.find(person.id)
       end
 
       before do
         person.preference_ids =
-            [ preference_one.id, preference_two.id, preference_three.id ]
+          [ preference_one.id, preference_two.id, preference_three.id ]
         person.save!
         person.preference_ids =
-            [ preference_three.id, preference_two.id ]
+          [ preference_three.id, preference_two.id ]
         person.save!
       end
 
-      let(:reloaded) do
-        Person.find(person.id)
-      end
-
-      it "also persists the change in id order" do
+      it 'also persists the change in id order' do
         expect(reloaded.preference_ids).to eq(
-                                               [ preference_three.id, preference_two.id ]
-                                           )
+          [ preference_three.id, preference_two.id ]
+        )
       end
     end
   end
 
-  context "when adding a document" do
-
+  context 'when adding a document' do
     let(:person) do
       Person.new
     end
@@ -3580,8 +3340,7 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
       person.preferences.push(preference_one)
     end
 
-    context "when chaining a second add" do
-
+    context 'when chaining a second add' do
       let(:preference_two) do
         Preference.new
       end
@@ -3590,16 +3349,14 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
         first_add.push(preference_two)
       end
 
-      it "adds both documents" do
+      it 'adds both documents' do
         expect(result).to eq([ preference_one, preference_two ])
       end
     end
   end
 
-  context "when setting the relation via the foreign key" do
-
-    context "when the relation exists" do
-
+  context 'when setting the relation via the foreign key' do
+    context 'when the relation exists' do
       let!(:person) do
         Person.create!
       end
@@ -3616,14 +3373,13 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
         person.preference_ids = [ pref_two.id ]
       end
 
-      it "sets the new documents on the relation" do
+      it 'sets the new documents on the relation' do
         expect(person.preferences).to eq([ pref_two ])
       end
     end
   end
 
-  context "when using a different primary key" do
-
+  context 'when using a different primary key' do
     let(:dog) do
       Dog.create!(name: 'Doggie')
     end
@@ -3640,72 +3396,67 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
       FireHydrant.create!(location: '221B Baker Street')
     end
 
-    context "when adding to a one-way many to many" do
-
+    context 'when adding to a one-way many to many' do
       before do
         fire_hydrant.cats.push(cat)
       end
 
-      it "adds the pk value to the fk set" do
-        expect(fire_hydrant.cat_ids).to eq([cat.name])
+      it 'adds the pk value to the fk set' do
+        expect(fire_hydrant.cat_ids).to eq([ cat.name ])
       end
     end
 
-    context "when adding multiple documents to a one-way many to many" do
-
+    context 'when adding multiple documents to a one-way many to many' do
       before do
-        fire_hydrant.cats.push([cat, another_cat])
+        fire_hydrant.cats.push([ cat, another_cat ])
       end
 
-      it "adds the pk values to the fk set" do
-        expect(fire_hydrant.cat_ids).to eq([cat.name, another_cat.name])
+      it 'adds the pk values to the fk set' do
+        expect(fire_hydrant.cat_ids).to eq([ cat.name, another_cat.name ])
       end
     end
 
-    context "when adding a new document to a one-way many to many" do
-
+    context 'when adding a new document to a one-way many to many' do
       before do
         fire_hydrant.cats.build name: 'Kitten'
       end
 
-      it "adds the pk values to the fk set" do
-        expect(fire_hydrant.cat_ids).to eq(['Kitten'])
+      it 'adds the pk values to the fk set' do
+        expect(fire_hydrant.cat_ids).to eq([ 'Kitten' ])
       end
     end
 
-    context "when adding to a two-way many to many" do
-
+    context 'when adding to a two-way many to many' do
       before do
         fire_hydrant.dogs.push(dog)
       end
 
-      it "adds the pk value to the fk set" do
-        expect(fire_hydrant.dog_ids).to eq([dog.name])
+      it 'adds the pk value to the fk set' do
+        expect(fire_hydrant.dog_ids).to eq([ dog.name ])
       end
 
-      it "adds the base pk value to the inverse fk set" do
-        expect(dog.fire_hydrant_ids).to eq([fire_hydrant.location])
+      it 'adds the base pk value to the inverse fk set' do
+        expect(dog.fire_hydrant_ids).to eq([ fire_hydrant.location ])
       end
     end
 
-    context "when deleting from a two-way many to many" do
-
+    context 'when deleting from a two-way many to many' do
       before do
         dog.fire_hydrants.push(fire_hydrant)
         fire_hydrant.dogs.delete(dog)
       end
 
-      it "removes the pk value from the fk set" do
+      it 'removes the pk value from the fk set' do
         expect(fire_hydrant.dog_ids).to eq([])
       end
 
-      it "removes the base pk value from the inverse fk set" do
+      it 'removes the base pk value from the inverse fk set' do
         expect(dog.fire_hydrant_ids).to eq([])
       end
     end
   end
 
-  context "HABTM" do
+  context 'HABTM' do
     before do
       class Project
         include Mongoid::Document
@@ -3728,18 +3479,18 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
       end
     end
 
-    it "should assign relation from both sides" do
+    it 'assigns relation from both sides' do
       p1 = Project.create! name: 'Foo'
       p2 = Project.create! name: 'Bar'
       d1 = Distributor.create! name: 'Rock'
       d2 = Distributor.create! name: 'Soul'
 
       p1.distributors << d1
-      expect(p1.d_ids).to match_array([d1.id])
-      expect(d1.p_ids).to match_array([p1.id])
+      expect(p1.d_ids).to contain_exactly(d1.id)
+      expect(d1.p_ids).to contain_exactly(p1.id)
       d2.projects << p2
-      expect(d2.p_ids).to match_array([p2.id])
-      expect(p2.d_ids).to match_array([d2.id])
+      expect(d2.p_ids).to contain_exactly(p2.id)
+      expect(p2.d_ids).to contain_exactly(d2.id)
     end
   end
 
@@ -3747,24 +3498,24 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
     let!(:contract) { HabtmmContract.create! }
     let!(:signature) { contract.signatures.create! }
 
-    it "is nil" do
-      expect(signature.favorite_signature).to be nil
+    it 'is nil' do
+      expect(signature.favorite_signature).to be_nil
     end
   end
 
-  context "when setting an association on a model that uses the class_name option" do
+  context 'when setting an association on a model that uses the class_name option' do
     let!(:contract) { HabtmmContract.create! }
-    let!(:signature) { HabtmmSignature.create!(contracts: [contract]) }
+    let!(:signature) { HabtmmSignature.create!(contracts: [ contract ]) }
 
-    it "populates the inverse foreign key" do
-      expect(signature.contracts.first.signature_ids).to eq([signature.id])
+    it 'populates the inverse foreign key' do
+      expect(signature.contracts.first.signature_ids).to eq([ signature.id ])
     end
   end
 
-  context "when there is a foreign key in the aliased associations" do
-    it "has the correct aliases" do
-      expect(Dog.aliased_associations["breed_ids"]).to eq("breeds")
-      expect(Breed.aliased_associations["dog_ids"]).to eq("dogs")
+  context 'when there is a foreign key in the aliased associations' do
+    it 'has the correct aliases' do
+      expect(Dog.aliased_associations['breed_ids']).to eq('breeds')
+      expect(Breed.aliased_associations['dog_ids']).to eq('dogs')
     end
   end
 
@@ -3777,21 +3528,18 @@ describe Mongoid::Association::Referenced::HasAndBelongsToMany::Proxy do
   # when retrieving a document from the database, the attributes hash is actually
   # a BSON::Document, which applies a transformation to the array before
   # storing it.
-  context "when executing concat on foreign key array from the db" do
+  context 'when executing concat on foreign key array from the db' do
     before do
       HabtmmContract.create!
       HabtmmSignature.create!
+      contract.signature_ids.concat([ signature.id ])
     end
 
     let!(:contract) { HabtmmContract.first }
     let!(:signature) { HabtmmSignature.first }
 
-    before do
-      contract.signature_ids.concat([signature.id])
-    end
-
-    it "works on the first attempt" do
-      expect(contract.signature_ids).to eq([signature.id])
+    it 'works on the first attempt' do
+      expect(contract.signature_ids).to eq([ signature.id ])
     end
   end
 end