isbn 2.0.4 → 2.0.5
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- data/{README → README.md} +5 -11
- data/Rakefile +20 -14
- data/isbn.gemspec +23 -0
- data/lib/isbn.rb +2 -0
- data/test/isbn_spec.rb +1 -1
- metadata +29 -316
- data/VERSION +0 -1
- data/src/gocr-0.48/.cvsignore +0 -6
- data/src/gocr-0.48/AUTHORS +0 -7
- data/src/gocr-0.48/BUGS +0 -55
- data/src/gocr-0.48/CREDITS +0 -17
- data/src/gocr-0.48/HISTORY +0 -243
- data/src/gocr-0.48/INSTALL +0 -83
- data/src/gocr-0.48/Makefile +0 -193
- data/src/gocr-0.48/Makefile.in +0 -193
- data/src/gocr-0.48/README +0 -165
- data/src/gocr-0.48/READMEde.txt +0 -80
- data/src/gocr-0.48/REMARK.txt +0 -18
- data/src/gocr-0.48/REVIEW +0 -538
- data/src/gocr-0.48/TODO +0 -65
- data/src/gocr-0.48/bin/.cvsignore +0 -2
- data/src/gocr-0.48/bin/create_db +0 -38
- data/src/gocr-0.48/bin/gocr.tcl +0 -527
- data/src/gocr-0.48/bin/gocr_chk.sh +0 -44
- data/src/gocr-0.48/configure +0 -4689
- data/src/gocr-0.48/configure.in +0 -71
- data/src/gocr-0.48/doc/.#Makefile.1.6 +0 -39
- data/src/gocr-0.48/doc/.cvsignore +0 -2
- data/src/gocr-0.48/doc/Makefile +0 -39
- data/src/gocr-0.48/doc/Makefile.in +0 -39
- data/src/gocr-0.48/doc/example.dtd +0 -53
- data/src/gocr-0.48/doc/example.xml +0 -21
- data/src/gocr-0.48/doc/examples.txt +0 -67
- data/src/gocr-0.48/doc/gocr.html +0 -578
- data/src/gocr-0.48/doc/unicode.txt +0 -57
- data/src/gocr-0.48/examples/.#Makefile.1.22 +0 -166
- data/src/gocr-0.48/examples/4x6.png +0 -0
- data/src/gocr-0.48/examples/4x6.txt +0 -2
- data/src/gocr-0.48/examples/5x7.png +0 -0
- data/src/gocr-0.48/examples/5x7.png.txt +0 -2
- data/src/gocr-0.48/examples/5x8.png +0 -0
- data/src/gocr-0.48/examples/5x8.png.txt +0 -2
- data/src/gocr-0.48/examples/Makefile +0 -166
- data/src/gocr-0.48/examples/color.fig +0 -20
- data/src/gocr-0.48/examples/ex.fig +0 -16
- data/src/gocr-0.48/examples/font.tex +0 -22
- data/src/gocr-0.48/examples/font1.tex +0 -46
- data/src/gocr-0.48/examples/font2.fig +0 -27
- data/src/gocr-0.48/examples/font_nw.tex +0 -24
- data/src/gocr-0.48/examples/handwrt1.jpg +0 -0
- data/src/gocr-0.48/examples/handwrt1.txt +0 -10
- data/src/gocr-0.48/examples/inverse.fig +0 -20
- data/src/gocr-0.48/examples/matrix.jpg +0 -0
- data/src/gocr-0.48/examples/ocr-a-subset.png +0 -0
- data/src/gocr-0.48/examples/ocr-a-subset.png.txt +0 -4
- data/src/gocr-0.48/examples/ocr-a.png +0 -0
- data/src/gocr-0.48/examples/ocr-a.txt +0 -6
- data/src/gocr-0.48/examples/ocr-b.png +0 -0
- data/src/gocr-0.48/examples/ocr-b.png.txt +0 -4
- data/src/gocr-0.48/examples/polish.tex +0 -28
- data/src/gocr-0.48/examples/rotate45.fig +0 -14
- data/src/gocr-0.48/examples/score +0 -36
- data/src/gocr-0.48/examples/text.tex +0 -28
- data/src/gocr-0.48/gpl.html +0 -537
- data/src/gocr-0.48/include/.cvsignore +0 -2
- data/src/gocr-0.48/include/config.h +0 -36
- data/src/gocr-0.48/include/config.h.in +0 -36
- data/src/gocr-0.48/include/version.h +0 -2
- data/src/gocr-0.48/install-sh +0 -3
- data/src/gocr-0.48/make.bat +0 -57
- data/src/gocr-0.48/man/.cvsignore +0 -2
- data/src/gocr-0.48/man/Makefile +0 -29
- data/src/gocr-0.48/man/Makefile.in +0 -29
- data/src/gocr-0.48/man/man1/gocr.1 +0 -166
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/.cvsignore +0 -4
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/Makefile +0 -132
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/Makefile.in +0 -132
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/amiga.h +0 -31
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/barcode.c +0 -846
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/barcode.c.orig +0 -593
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/barcode.h +0 -11
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/box.c +0 -372
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/database.c +0 -462
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/detect.c +0 -943
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/gocr.c +0 -373
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/gocr.h +0 -288
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/jconv.c +0 -168
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/job.c +0 -84
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/lines.c +0 -350
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/list.c +0 -334
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/list.h +0 -90
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/ocr0.c +0 -6756
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/ocr0.h +0 -63
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/ocr0n.c +0 -1475
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/ocr1.c +0 -85
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/ocr1.h +0 -3
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/otsu.c +0 -289
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/otsu.h +0 -23
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/output.c +0 -289
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/output.h +0 -37
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/pcx.c +0 -153
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/pcx.h +0 -9
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/pgm2asc.c +0 -2893
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/pgm2asc.h +0 -105
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/pixel.c +0 -537
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/pnm.c +0 -533
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/pnm.h +0 -35
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/progress.c +0 -87
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/progress.h +0 -42
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/remove.c +0 -703
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/tga.c +0 -87
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/tga.h +0 -6
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/unicode.c +0 -1314
- data/src/gocr-0.48/src/unicode.h +0 -1257
- data/src/jpeg-7/Makefile.am +0 -133
- data/src/jpeg-7/Makefile.in +0 -1089
- data/src/jpeg-7/README +0 -322
- data/src/jpeg-7/aclocal.m4 +0 -8990
- data/src/jpeg-7/ansi2knr.1 +0 -36
- data/src/jpeg-7/ansi2knr.c +0 -739
- data/src/jpeg-7/cderror.h +0 -132
- data/src/jpeg-7/cdjpeg.c +0 -181
- data/src/jpeg-7/cdjpeg.h +0 -187
- data/src/jpeg-7/change.log +0 -270
- data/src/jpeg-7/cjpeg.1 +0 -325
- data/src/jpeg-7/cjpeg.c +0 -616
- data/src/jpeg-7/ckconfig.c +0 -402
- data/src/jpeg-7/coderules.txt +0 -118
- data/src/jpeg-7/config.guess +0 -1561
- data/src/jpeg-7/config.sub +0 -1686
- data/src/jpeg-7/configure +0 -17139
- data/src/jpeg-7/configure.ac +0 -317
- data/src/jpeg-7/depcomp +0 -630
- data/src/jpeg-7/djpeg.1 +0 -251
- data/src/jpeg-7/djpeg.c +0 -617
- data/src/jpeg-7/example.c +0 -433
- data/src/jpeg-7/filelist.txt +0 -215
- data/src/jpeg-7/install-sh +0 -520
- data/src/jpeg-7/install.txt +0 -1097
- data/src/jpeg-7/jaricom.c +0 -148
- data/src/jpeg-7/jcapimin.c +0 -282
- data/src/jpeg-7/jcapistd.c +0 -161
- data/src/jpeg-7/jcarith.c +0 -921
- data/src/jpeg-7/jccoefct.c +0 -453
- data/src/jpeg-7/jccolor.c +0 -459
- data/src/jpeg-7/jcdctmgr.c +0 -482
- data/src/jpeg-7/jchuff.c +0 -1612
- data/src/jpeg-7/jcinit.c +0 -65
- data/src/jpeg-7/jcmainct.c +0 -293
- data/src/jpeg-7/jcmarker.c +0 -667
- data/src/jpeg-7/jcmaster.c +0 -770
- data/src/jpeg-7/jcomapi.c +0 -106
- data/src/jpeg-7/jconfig.bcc +0 -48
- data/src/jpeg-7/jconfig.cfg +0 -45
- data/src/jpeg-7/jconfig.dj +0 -38
- data/src/jpeg-7/jconfig.mac +0 -43
- data/src/jpeg-7/jconfig.manx +0 -43
- data/src/jpeg-7/jconfig.mc6 +0 -52
- data/src/jpeg-7/jconfig.sas +0 -43
- data/src/jpeg-7/jconfig.st +0 -42
- data/src/jpeg-7/jconfig.txt +0 -155
- data/src/jpeg-7/jconfig.vc +0 -45
- data/src/jpeg-7/jconfig.vms +0 -37
- data/src/jpeg-7/jconfig.wat +0 -38
- data/src/jpeg-7/jcparam.c +0 -632
- data/src/jpeg-7/jcprepct.c +0 -358
- data/src/jpeg-7/jcsample.c +0 -545
- data/src/jpeg-7/jctrans.c +0 -381
- data/src/jpeg-7/jdapimin.c +0 -396
- data/src/jpeg-7/jdapistd.c +0 -275
- data/src/jpeg-7/jdarith.c +0 -762
- data/src/jpeg-7/jdatadst.c +0 -151
- data/src/jpeg-7/jdatasrc.c +0 -212
- data/src/jpeg-7/jdcoefct.c +0 -736
- data/src/jpeg-7/jdcolor.c +0 -396
- data/src/jpeg-7/jdct.h +0 -393
- data/src/jpeg-7/jddctmgr.c +0 -382
- data/src/jpeg-7/jdhuff.c +0 -1309
- data/src/jpeg-7/jdinput.c +0 -384
- data/src/jpeg-7/jdmainct.c +0 -512
- data/src/jpeg-7/jdmarker.c +0 -1360
- data/src/jpeg-7/jdmaster.c +0 -663
- data/src/jpeg-7/jdmerge.c +0 -400
- data/src/jpeg-7/jdpostct.c +0 -290
- data/src/jpeg-7/jdsample.c +0 -361
- data/src/jpeg-7/jdtrans.c +0 -136
- data/src/jpeg-7/jerror.c +0 -252
- data/src/jpeg-7/jerror.h +0 -304
- data/src/jpeg-7/jfdctflt.c +0 -174
- data/src/jpeg-7/jfdctfst.c +0 -230
- data/src/jpeg-7/jfdctint.c +0 -4348
- data/src/jpeg-7/jidctflt.c +0 -242
- data/src/jpeg-7/jidctfst.c +0 -368
- data/src/jpeg-7/jidctint.c +0 -5137
- data/src/jpeg-7/jinclude.h +0 -91
- data/src/jpeg-7/jmemansi.c +0 -167
- data/src/jpeg-7/jmemdos.c +0 -638
- data/src/jpeg-7/jmemdosa.asm +0 -379
- data/src/jpeg-7/jmemmac.c +0 -289
- data/src/jpeg-7/jmemmgr.c +0 -1118
- data/src/jpeg-7/jmemname.c +0 -276
- data/src/jpeg-7/jmemnobs.c +0 -109
- data/src/jpeg-7/jmemsys.h +0 -198
- data/src/jpeg-7/jmorecfg.h +0 -369
- data/src/jpeg-7/jpegint.h +0 -395
- data/src/jpeg-7/jpeglib.h +0 -1135
- data/src/jpeg-7/jpegtran.1 +0 -272
- data/src/jpeg-7/jpegtran.c +0 -546
- data/src/jpeg-7/jquant1.c +0 -856
- data/src/jpeg-7/jquant2.c +0 -1310
- data/src/jpeg-7/jutils.c +0 -179
- data/src/jpeg-7/jversion.h +0 -14
- data/src/jpeg-7/libjpeg.map +0 -4
- data/src/jpeg-7/libjpeg.txt +0 -3067
- data/src/jpeg-7/ltmain.sh +0 -8406
- data/src/jpeg-7/makcjpeg.st +0 -36
- data/src/jpeg-7/makdjpeg.st +0 -36
- data/src/jpeg-7/makeadsw.vc6 +0 -77
- data/src/jpeg-7/makeasln.vc9 +0 -33
- data/src/jpeg-7/makecdep.vc6 +0 -82
- data/src/jpeg-7/makecdsp.vc6 +0 -130
- data/src/jpeg-7/makecmak.vc6 +0 -159
- data/src/jpeg-7/makecvcp.vc9 +0 -186
- data/src/jpeg-7/makeddep.vc6 +0 -82
- data/src/jpeg-7/makeddsp.vc6 +0 -130
- data/src/jpeg-7/makedmak.vc6 +0 -159
- data/src/jpeg-7/makedvcp.vc9 +0 -186
- data/src/jpeg-7/makefile.ansi +0 -220
- data/src/jpeg-7/makefile.bcc +0 -291
- data/src/jpeg-7/makefile.dj +0 -226
- data/src/jpeg-7/makefile.manx +0 -220
- data/src/jpeg-7/makefile.mc6 +0 -255
- data/src/jpeg-7/makefile.mms +0 -224
- data/src/jpeg-7/makefile.sas +0 -258
- data/src/jpeg-7/makefile.unix +0 -234
- data/src/jpeg-7/makefile.vc +0 -217
- data/src/jpeg-7/makefile.vms +0 -142
- data/src/jpeg-7/makefile.wat +0 -239
- data/src/jpeg-7/makejdep.vc6 +0 -423
- data/src/jpeg-7/makejdsp.vc6 +0 -285
- data/src/jpeg-7/makejdsw.vc6 +0 -29
- data/src/jpeg-7/makejmak.vc6 +0 -425
- data/src/jpeg-7/makejsln.vc9 +0 -17
- data/src/jpeg-7/makejvcp.vc9 +0 -328
- data/src/jpeg-7/makeproj.mac +0 -213
- data/src/jpeg-7/makerdep.vc6 +0 -6
- data/src/jpeg-7/makerdsp.vc6 +0 -78
- data/src/jpeg-7/makermak.vc6 +0 -110
- data/src/jpeg-7/makervcp.vc9 +0 -133
- data/src/jpeg-7/maketdep.vc6 +0 -43
- data/src/jpeg-7/maketdsp.vc6 +0 -122
- data/src/jpeg-7/maketmak.vc6 +0 -131
- data/src/jpeg-7/maketvcp.vc9 +0 -178
- data/src/jpeg-7/makewdep.vc6 +0 -6
- data/src/jpeg-7/makewdsp.vc6 +0 -78
- data/src/jpeg-7/makewmak.vc6 +0 -110
- data/src/jpeg-7/makewvcp.vc9 +0 -133
- data/src/jpeg-7/makljpeg.st +0 -68
- data/src/jpeg-7/maktjpeg.st +0 -30
- data/src/jpeg-7/makvms.opt +0 -4
- data/src/jpeg-7/missing +0 -376
- data/src/jpeg-7/rdbmp.c +0 -439
- data/src/jpeg-7/rdcolmap.c +0 -253
- data/src/jpeg-7/rdgif.c +0 -38
- data/src/jpeg-7/rdjpgcom.1 +0 -63
- data/src/jpeg-7/rdjpgcom.c +0 -515
- data/src/jpeg-7/rdppm.c +0 -459
- data/src/jpeg-7/rdrle.c +0 -387
- data/src/jpeg-7/rdswitch.c +0 -365
- data/src/jpeg-7/rdtarga.c +0 -500
- data/src/jpeg-7/structure.txt +0 -945
- data/src/jpeg-7/testimg.bmp +0 -0
- data/src/jpeg-7/testimg.jpg +0 -0
- data/src/jpeg-7/testimg.ppm +0 -4
- data/src/jpeg-7/testimgp.jpg +0 -0
- data/src/jpeg-7/testorig.jpg +0 -0
- data/src/jpeg-7/testprog.jpg +0 -0
- data/src/jpeg-7/transupp.c +0 -1533
- data/src/jpeg-7/transupp.h +0 -205
- data/src/jpeg-7/usage.txt +0 -605
- data/src/jpeg-7/wizard.txt +0 -211
- data/src/jpeg-7/wrbmp.c +0 -442
- data/src/jpeg-7/wrgif.c +0 -399
- data/src/jpeg-7/wrjpgcom.1 +0 -103
- data/src/jpeg-7/wrjpgcom.c +0 -583
- data/src/jpeg-7/wrppm.c +0 -269
- data/src/jpeg-7/wrrle.c +0 -305
- data/src/jpeg-7/wrtarga.c +0 -253
data/src/jpeg-7/jutils.c
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/*
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* jutils.c
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*
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* Copyright (C) 1991-1996, Thomas G. Lane.
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* This file is part of the Independent JPEG Group's software.
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* For conditions of distribution and use, see the accompanying README file.
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*
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* This file contains tables and miscellaneous utility routines needed
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* for both compression and decompression.
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* Note we prefix all global names with "j" to minimize conflicts with
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* a surrounding application.
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*/
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#define JPEG_INTERNALS
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#include "jinclude.h"
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#include "jpeglib.h"
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/*
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* jpeg_zigzag_order[i] is the zigzag-order position of the i'th element
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* of a DCT block read in natural order (left to right, top to bottom).
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*/
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#if 0 /* This table is not actually needed in v6a */
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const int jpeg_zigzag_order[DCTSIZE2] = {
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0, 1, 5, 6, 14, 15, 27, 28,
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2, 4, 7, 13, 16, 26, 29, 42,
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3, 8, 12, 17, 25, 30, 41, 43,
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9, 11, 18, 24, 31, 40, 44, 53,
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10, 19, 23, 32, 39, 45, 52, 54,
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20, 22, 33, 38, 46, 51, 55, 60,
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21, 34, 37, 47, 50, 56, 59, 61,
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35, 36, 48, 49, 57, 58, 62, 63
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};
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#endif
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/*
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* jpeg_natural_order[i] is the natural-order position of the i'th element
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* of zigzag order.
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*
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* When reading corrupted data, the Huffman decoders could attempt
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* to reference an entry beyond the end of this array (if the decoded
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* zero run length reaches past the end of the block). To prevent
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* wild stores without adding an inner-loop test, we put some extra
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* "63"s after the real entries. This will cause the extra coefficient
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* to be stored in location 63 of the block, not somewhere random.
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* The worst case would be a run-length of 15, which means we need 16
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* fake entries.
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*/
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const int jpeg_natural_order[DCTSIZE2+16] = {
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0, 1, 8, 16, 9, 2, 3, 10,
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17, 24, 32, 25, 18, 11, 4, 5,
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12, 19, 26, 33, 40, 48, 41, 34,
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27, 20, 13, 6, 7, 14, 21, 28,
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35, 42, 49, 56, 57, 50, 43, 36,
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29, 22, 15, 23, 30, 37, 44, 51,
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58, 59, 52, 45, 38, 31, 39, 46,
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53, 60, 61, 54, 47, 55, 62, 63,
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63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, /* extra entries for safety in decoder */
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63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63
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};
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/*
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* Arithmetic utilities
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*/
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GLOBAL(long)
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jdiv_round_up (long a, long b)
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/* Compute a/b rounded up to next integer, ie, ceil(a/b) */
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/* Assumes a >= 0, b > 0 */
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{
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return (a + b - 1L) / b;
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}
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GLOBAL(long)
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jround_up (long a, long b)
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/* Compute a rounded up to next multiple of b, ie, ceil(a/b)*b */
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/* Assumes a >= 0, b > 0 */
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{
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a += b - 1L;
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return a - (a % b);
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}
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/* On normal machines we can apply MEMCOPY() and MEMZERO() to sample arrays
|
91
|
-
* and coefficient-block arrays. This won't work on 80x86 because the arrays
|
92
|
-
* are FAR and we're assuming a small-pointer memory model. However, some
|
93
|
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* DOS compilers provide far-pointer versions of memcpy() and memset() even
|
94
|
-
* in the small-model libraries. These will be used if USE_FMEM is defined.
|
95
|
-
* Otherwise, the routines below do it the hard way. (The performance cost
|
96
|
-
* is not all that great, because these routines aren't very heavily used.)
|
97
|
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*/
|
98
|
-
|
99
|
-
#ifndef NEED_FAR_POINTERS /* normal case, same as regular macros */
|
100
|
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#define FMEMCOPY(dest,src,size) MEMCOPY(dest,src,size)
|
101
|
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#define FMEMZERO(target,size) MEMZERO(target,size)
|
102
|
-
#else /* 80x86 case, define if we can */
|
103
|
-
#ifdef USE_FMEM
|
104
|
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#define FMEMCOPY(dest,src,size) _fmemcpy((void FAR *)(dest), (const void FAR *)(src), (size_t)(size))
|
105
|
-
#define FMEMZERO(target,size) _fmemset((void FAR *)(target), 0, (size_t)(size))
|
106
|
-
#endif
|
107
|
-
#endif
|
108
|
-
|
109
|
-
|
110
|
-
GLOBAL(void)
|
111
|
-
jcopy_sample_rows (JSAMPARRAY input_array, int source_row,
|
112
|
-
JSAMPARRAY output_array, int dest_row,
|
113
|
-
int num_rows, JDIMENSION num_cols)
|
114
|
-
/* Copy some rows of samples from one place to another.
|
115
|
-
* num_rows rows are copied from input_array[source_row++]
|
116
|
-
* to output_array[dest_row++]; these areas may overlap for duplication.
|
117
|
-
* The source and destination arrays must be at least as wide as num_cols.
|
118
|
-
*/
|
119
|
-
{
|
120
|
-
register JSAMPROW inptr, outptr;
|
121
|
-
#ifdef FMEMCOPY
|
122
|
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register size_t count = (size_t) (num_cols * SIZEOF(JSAMPLE));
|
123
|
-
#else
|
124
|
-
register JDIMENSION count;
|
125
|
-
#endif
|
126
|
-
register int row;
|
127
|
-
|
128
|
-
input_array += source_row;
|
129
|
-
output_array += dest_row;
|
130
|
-
|
131
|
-
for (row = num_rows; row > 0; row--) {
|
132
|
-
inptr = *input_array++;
|
133
|
-
outptr = *output_array++;
|
134
|
-
#ifdef FMEMCOPY
|
135
|
-
FMEMCOPY(outptr, inptr, count);
|
136
|
-
#else
|
137
|
-
for (count = num_cols; count > 0; count--)
|
138
|
-
*outptr++ = *inptr++; /* needn't bother with GETJSAMPLE() here */
|
139
|
-
#endif
|
140
|
-
}
|
141
|
-
}
|
142
|
-
|
143
|
-
|
144
|
-
GLOBAL(void)
|
145
|
-
jcopy_block_row (JBLOCKROW input_row, JBLOCKROW output_row,
|
146
|
-
JDIMENSION num_blocks)
|
147
|
-
/* Copy a row of coefficient blocks from one place to another. */
|
148
|
-
{
|
149
|
-
#ifdef FMEMCOPY
|
150
|
-
FMEMCOPY(output_row, input_row, num_blocks * (DCTSIZE2 * SIZEOF(JCOEF)));
|
151
|
-
#else
|
152
|
-
register JCOEFPTR inptr, outptr;
|
153
|
-
register long count;
|
154
|
-
|
155
|
-
inptr = (JCOEFPTR) input_row;
|
156
|
-
outptr = (JCOEFPTR) output_row;
|
157
|
-
for (count = (long) num_blocks * DCTSIZE2; count > 0; count--) {
|
158
|
-
*outptr++ = *inptr++;
|
159
|
-
}
|
160
|
-
#endif
|
161
|
-
}
|
162
|
-
|
163
|
-
|
164
|
-
GLOBAL(void)
|
165
|
-
jzero_far (void FAR * target, size_t bytestozero)
|
166
|
-
/* Zero out a chunk of FAR memory. */
|
167
|
-
/* This might be sample-array data, block-array data, or alloc_large data. */
|
168
|
-
{
|
169
|
-
#ifdef FMEMZERO
|
170
|
-
FMEMZERO(target, bytestozero);
|
171
|
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#else
|
172
|
-
register char FAR * ptr = (char FAR *) target;
|
173
|
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register size_t count;
|
174
|
-
|
175
|
-
for (count = bytestozero; count > 0; count--) {
|
176
|
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*ptr++ = 0;
|
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|
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}
|
178
|
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#endif
|
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|
-
}
|
data/src/jpeg-7/jversion.h
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|
|
1
|
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/*
|
2
|
-
* jversion.h
|
3
|
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*
|
4
|
-
* Copyright (C) 1991-2009, Thomas G. Lane, Guido Vollbeding.
|
5
|
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* This file is part of the Independent JPEG Group's software.
|
6
|
-
* For conditions of distribution and use, see the accompanying README file.
|
7
|
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*
|
8
|
-
* This file contains software version identification.
|
9
|
-
*/
|
10
|
-
|
11
|
-
|
12
|
-
#define JVERSION "7 27-Jun-2009"
|
13
|
-
|
14
|
-
#define JCOPYRIGHT "Copyright (C) 2009, Thomas G. Lane, Guido Vollbeding"
|
data/src/jpeg-7/libjpeg.map
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data/src/jpeg-7/libjpeg.txt
DELETED
@@ -1,3067 +0,0 @@
|
|
1
|
-
USING THE IJG JPEG LIBRARY
|
2
|
-
|
3
|
-
Copyright (C) 1994-2009, Thomas G. Lane, Guido Vollbeding.
|
4
|
-
This file is part of the Independent JPEG Group's software.
|
5
|
-
For conditions of distribution and use, see the accompanying README file.
|
6
|
-
|
7
|
-
|
8
|
-
This file describes how to use the IJG JPEG library within an application
|
9
|
-
program. Read it if you want to write a program that uses the library.
|
10
|
-
|
11
|
-
The file example.c provides heavily commented skeleton code for calling the
|
12
|
-
JPEG library. Also see jpeglib.h (the include file to be used by application
|
13
|
-
programs) for full details about data structures and function parameter lists.
|
14
|
-
The library source code, of course, is the ultimate reference.
|
15
|
-
|
16
|
-
Note that there have been *major* changes from the application interface
|
17
|
-
presented by IJG version 4 and earlier versions. The old design had several
|
18
|
-
inherent limitations, and it had accumulated a lot of cruft as we added
|
19
|
-
features while trying to minimize application-interface changes. We have
|
20
|
-
sacrificed backward compatibility in the version 5 rewrite, but we think the
|
21
|
-
improvements justify this.
|
22
|
-
|
23
|
-
|
24
|
-
TABLE OF CONTENTS
|
25
|
-
-----------------
|
26
|
-
|
27
|
-
Overview:
|
28
|
-
Functions provided by the library
|
29
|
-
Outline of typical usage
|
30
|
-
Basic library usage:
|
31
|
-
Data formats
|
32
|
-
Compression details
|
33
|
-
Decompression details
|
34
|
-
Mechanics of usage: include files, linking, etc
|
35
|
-
Advanced features:
|
36
|
-
Compression parameter selection
|
37
|
-
Decompression parameter selection
|
38
|
-
Special color spaces
|
39
|
-
Error handling
|
40
|
-
Compressed data handling (source and destination managers)
|
41
|
-
I/O suspension
|
42
|
-
Progressive JPEG support
|
43
|
-
Buffered-image mode
|
44
|
-
Abbreviated datastreams and multiple images
|
45
|
-
Special markers
|
46
|
-
Raw (downsampled) image data
|
47
|
-
Really raw data: DCT coefficients
|
48
|
-
Progress monitoring
|
49
|
-
Memory management
|
50
|
-
Memory usage
|
51
|
-
Library compile-time options
|
52
|
-
Portability considerations
|
53
|
-
Notes for MS-DOS implementors
|
54
|
-
|
55
|
-
You should read at least the overview and basic usage sections before trying
|
56
|
-
to program with the library. The sections on advanced features can be read
|
57
|
-
if and when you need them.
|
58
|
-
|
59
|
-
|
60
|
-
OVERVIEW
|
61
|
-
========
|
62
|
-
|
63
|
-
Functions provided by the library
|
64
|
-
---------------------------------
|
65
|
-
|
66
|
-
The IJG JPEG library provides C code to read and write JPEG-compressed image
|
67
|
-
files. The surrounding application program receives or supplies image data a
|
68
|
-
scanline at a time, using a straightforward uncompressed image format. All
|
69
|
-
details of color conversion and other preprocessing/postprocessing can be
|
70
|
-
handled by the library.
|
71
|
-
|
72
|
-
The library includes a substantial amount of code that is not covered by the
|
73
|
-
JPEG standard but is necessary for typical applications of JPEG. These
|
74
|
-
functions preprocess the image before JPEG compression or postprocess it after
|
75
|
-
decompression. They include colorspace conversion, downsampling/upsampling,
|
76
|
-
and color quantization. The application indirectly selects use of this code
|
77
|
-
by specifying the format in which it wishes to supply or receive image data.
|
78
|
-
For example, if colormapped output is requested, then the decompression
|
79
|
-
library automatically invokes color quantization.
|
80
|
-
|
81
|
-
A wide range of quality vs. speed tradeoffs are possible in JPEG processing,
|
82
|
-
and even more so in decompression postprocessing. The decompression library
|
83
|
-
provides multiple implementations that cover most of the useful tradeoffs,
|
84
|
-
ranging from very-high-quality down to fast-preview operation. On the
|
85
|
-
compression side we have generally not provided low-quality choices, since
|
86
|
-
compression is normally less time-critical. It should be understood that the
|
87
|
-
low-quality modes may not meet the JPEG standard's accuracy requirements;
|
88
|
-
nonetheless, they are useful for viewers.
|
89
|
-
|
90
|
-
A word about functions *not* provided by the library. We handle a subset of
|
91
|
-
the ISO JPEG standard; most baseline, extended-sequential, and progressive
|
92
|
-
JPEG processes are supported. (Our subset includes all features now in common
|
93
|
-
use.) Unsupported ISO options include:
|
94
|
-
* Hierarchical storage
|
95
|
-
* Lossless JPEG
|
96
|
-
* DNL marker
|
97
|
-
* Nonintegral subsampling ratios
|
98
|
-
We support both 8- and 12-bit data precision, but this is a compile-time
|
99
|
-
choice rather than a run-time choice; hence it is difficult to use both
|
100
|
-
precisions in a single application.
|
101
|
-
|
102
|
-
By itself, the library handles only interchange JPEG datastreams --- in
|
103
|
-
particular the widely used JFIF file format. The library can be used by
|
104
|
-
surrounding code to process interchange or abbreviated JPEG datastreams that
|
105
|
-
are embedded in more complex file formats. (For example, this library is
|
106
|
-
used by the free LIBTIFF library to support JPEG compression in TIFF.)
|
107
|
-
|
108
|
-
|
109
|
-
Outline of typical usage
|
110
|
-
------------------------
|
111
|
-
|
112
|
-
The rough outline of a JPEG compression operation is:
|
113
|
-
|
114
|
-
Allocate and initialize a JPEG compression object
|
115
|
-
Specify the destination for the compressed data (eg, a file)
|
116
|
-
Set parameters for compression, including image size & colorspace
|
117
|
-
jpeg_start_compress(...);
|
118
|
-
while (scan lines remain to be written)
|
119
|
-
jpeg_write_scanlines(...);
|
120
|
-
jpeg_finish_compress(...);
|
121
|
-
Release the JPEG compression object
|
122
|
-
|
123
|
-
A JPEG compression object holds parameters and working state for the JPEG
|
124
|
-
library. We make creation/destruction of the object separate from starting
|
125
|
-
or finishing compression of an image; the same object can be re-used for a
|
126
|
-
series of image compression operations. This makes it easy to re-use the
|
127
|
-
same parameter settings for a sequence of images. Re-use of a JPEG object
|
128
|
-
also has important implications for processing abbreviated JPEG datastreams,
|
129
|
-
as discussed later.
|
130
|
-
|
131
|
-
The image data to be compressed is supplied to jpeg_write_scanlines() from
|
132
|
-
in-memory buffers. If the application is doing file-to-file compression,
|
133
|
-
reading image data from the source file is the application's responsibility.
|
134
|
-
The library emits compressed data by calling a "data destination manager",
|
135
|
-
which typically will write the data into a file; but the application can
|
136
|
-
provide its own destination manager to do something else.
|
137
|
-
|
138
|
-
Similarly, the rough outline of a JPEG decompression operation is:
|
139
|
-
|
140
|
-
Allocate and initialize a JPEG decompression object
|
141
|
-
Specify the source of the compressed data (eg, a file)
|
142
|
-
Call jpeg_read_header() to obtain image info
|
143
|
-
Set parameters for decompression
|
144
|
-
jpeg_start_decompress(...);
|
145
|
-
while (scan lines remain to be read)
|
146
|
-
jpeg_read_scanlines(...);
|
147
|
-
jpeg_finish_decompress(...);
|
148
|
-
Release the JPEG decompression object
|
149
|
-
|
150
|
-
This is comparable to the compression outline except that reading the
|
151
|
-
datastream header is a separate step. This is helpful because information
|
152
|
-
about the image's size, colorspace, etc is available when the application
|
153
|
-
selects decompression parameters. For example, the application can choose an
|
154
|
-
output scaling ratio that will fit the image into the available screen size.
|
155
|
-
|
156
|
-
The decompression library obtains compressed data by calling a data source
|
157
|
-
manager, which typically will read the data from a file; but other behaviors
|
158
|
-
can be obtained with a custom source manager. Decompressed data is delivered
|
159
|
-
into in-memory buffers passed to jpeg_read_scanlines().
|
160
|
-
|
161
|
-
It is possible to abort an incomplete compression or decompression operation
|
162
|
-
by calling jpeg_abort(); or, if you do not need to retain the JPEG object,
|
163
|
-
simply release it by calling jpeg_destroy().
|
164
|
-
|
165
|
-
JPEG compression and decompression objects are two separate struct types.
|
166
|
-
However, they share some common fields, and certain routines such as
|
167
|
-
jpeg_destroy() can work on either type of object.
|
168
|
-
|
169
|
-
The JPEG library has no static variables: all state is in the compression
|
170
|
-
or decompression object. Therefore it is possible to process multiple
|
171
|
-
compression and decompression operations concurrently, using multiple JPEG
|
172
|
-
objects.
|
173
|
-
|
174
|
-
Both compression and decompression can be done in an incremental memory-to-
|
175
|
-
memory fashion, if suitable source/destination managers are used. See the
|
176
|
-
section on "I/O suspension" for more details.
|
177
|
-
|
178
|
-
|
179
|
-
BASIC LIBRARY USAGE
|
180
|
-
===================
|
181
|
-
|
182
|
-
Data formats
|
183
|
-
------------
|
184
|
-
|
185
|
-
Before diving into procedural details, it is helpful to understand the
|
186
|
-
image data format that the JPEG library expects or returns.
|
187
|
-
|
188
|
-
The standard input image format is a rectangular array of pixels, with each
|
189
|
-
pixel having the same number of "component" or "sample" values (color
|
190
|
-
channels). You must specify how many components there are and the colorspace
|
191
|
-
interpretation of the components. Most applications will use RGB data
|
192
|
-
(three components per pixel) or grayscale data (one component per pixel).
|
193
|
-
PLEASE NOTE THAT RGB DATA IS THREE SAMPLES PER PIXEL, GRAYSCALE ONLY ONE.
|
194
|
-
A remarkable number of people manage to miss this, only to find that their
|
195
|
-
programs don't work with grayscale JPEG files.
|
196
|
-
|
197
|
-
There is no provision for colormapped input. JPEG files are always full-color
|
198
|
-
or full grayscale (or sometimes another colorspace such as CMYK). You can
|
199
|
-
feed in a colormapped image by expanding it to full-color format. However
|
200
|
-
JPEG often doesn't work very well with source data that has been colormapped,
|
201
|
-
because of dithering noise. This is discussed in more detail in the JPEG FAQ
|
202
|
-
and the other references mentioned in the README file.
|
203
|
-
|
204
|
-
Pixels are stored by scanlines, with each scanline running from left to
|
205
|
-
right. The component values for each pixel are adjacent in the row; for
|
206
|
-
example, R,G,B,R,G,B,R,G,B,... for 24-bit RGB color. Each scanline is an
|
207
|
-
array of data type JSAMPLE --- which is typically "unsigned char", unless
|
208
|
-
you've changed jmorecfg.h. (You can also change the RGB pixel layout, say
|
209
|
-
to B,G,R order, by modifying jmorecfg.h. But see the restrictions listed in
|
210
|
-
that file before doing so.)
|
211
|
-
|
212
|
-
A 2-D array of pixels is formed by making a list of pointers to the starts of
|
213
|
-
scanlines; so the scanlines need not be physically adjacent in memory. Even
|
214
|
-
if you process just one scanline at a time, you must make a one-element
|
215
|
-
pointer array to conform to this structure. Pointers to JSAMPLE rows are of
|
216
|
-
type JSAMPROW, and the pointer to the pointer array is of type JSAMPARRAY.
|
217
|
-
|
218
|
-
The library accepts or supplies one or more complete scanlines per call.
|
219
|
-
It is not possible to process part of a row at a time. Scanlines are always
|
220
|
-
processed top-to-bottom. You can process an entire image in one call if you
|
221
|
-
have it all in memory, but usually it's simplest to process one scanline at
|
222
|
-
a time.
|
223
|
-
|
224
|
-
For best results, source data values should have the precision specified by
|
225
|
-
BITS_IN_JSAMPLE (normally 8 bits). For instance, if you choose to compress
|
226
|
-
data that's only 6 bits/channel, you should left-justify each value in a
|
227
|
-
byte before passing it to the compressor. If you need to compress data
|
228
|
-
that has more than 8 bits/channel, compile with BITS_IN_JSAMPLE = 12.
|
229
|
-
(See "Library compile-time options", later.)
|
230
|
-
|
231
|
-
|
232
|
-
The data format returned by the decompressor is the same in all details,
|
233
|
-
except that colormapped output is supported. (Again, a JPEG file is never
|
234
|
-
colormapped. But you can ask the decompressor to perform on-the-fly color
|
235
|
-
quantization to deliver colormapped output.) If you request colormapped
|
236
|
-
output then the returned data array contains a single JSAMPLE per pixel;
|
237
|
-
its value is an index into a color map. The color map is represented as
|
238
|
-
a 2-D JSAMPARRAY in which each row holds the values of one color component,
|
239
|
-
that is, colormap[i][j] is the value of the i'th color component for pixel
|
240
|
-
value (map index) j. Note that since the colormap indexes are stored in
|
241
|
-
JSAMPLEs, the maximum number of colors is limited by the size of JSAMPLE
|
242
|
-
(ie, at most 256 colors for an 8-bit JPEG library).
|
243
|
-
|
244
|
-
|
245
|
-
Compression details
|
246
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-------------------
|
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|
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|
248
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-
Here we revisit the JPEG compression outline given in the overview.
|
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|
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|
250
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1. Allocate and initialize a JPEG compression object.
|
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|
-
|
252
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A JPEG compression object is a "struct jpeg_compress_struct". (It also has
|
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a bunch of subsidiary structures which are allocated via malloc(), but the
|
254
|
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application doesn't control those directly.) This struct can be just a local
|
255
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variable in the calling routine, if a single routine is going to execute the
|
256
|
-
whole JPEG compression sequence. Otherwise it can be static or allocated
|
257
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from malloc().
|
258
|
-
|
259
|
-
You will also need a structure representing a JPEG error handler. The part
|
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of this that the library cares about is a "struct jpeg_error_mgr". If you
|
261
|
-
are providing your own error handler, you'll typically want to embed the
|
262
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-
jpeg_error_mgr struct in a larger structure; this is discussed later under
|
263
|
-
"Error handling". For now we'll assume you are just using the default error
|
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|
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handler. The default error handler will print JPEG error/warning messages
|
265
|
-
on stderr, and it will call exit() if a fatal error occurs.
|
266
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-
|
267
|
-
You must initialize the error handler structure, store a pointer to it into
|
268
|
-
the JPEG object's "err" field, and then call jpeg_create_compress() to
|
269
|
-
initialize the rest of the JPEG object.
|
270
|
-
|
271
|
-
Typical code for this step, if you are using the default error handler, is
|
272
|
-
|
273
|
-
struct jpeg_compress_struct cinfo;
|
274
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struct jpeg_error_mgr jerr;
|
275
|
-
...
|
276
|
-
cinfo.err = jpeg_std_error(&jerr);
|
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|
-
jpeg_create_compress(&cinfo);
|
278
|
-
|
279
|
-
jpeg_create_compress allocates a small amount of memory, so it could fail
|
280
|
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if you are out of memory. In that case it will exit via the error handler;
|
281
|
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that's why the error handler must be initialized first.
|
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|
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|
283
|
-
|
284
|
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2. Specify the destination for the compressed data (eg, a file).
|
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|
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|
286
|
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As previously mentioned, the JPEG library delivers compressed data to a
|
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|
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"data destination" module. The library includes one data destination
|
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|
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module which knows how to write to a stdio stream. You can use your own
|
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|
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destination module if you want to do something else, as discussed later.
|
290
|
-
|
291
|
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If you use the standard destination module, you must open the target stdio
|
292
|
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stream beforehand. Typical code for this step looks like:
|
293
|
-
|
294
|
-
FILE * outfile;
|
295
|
-
...
|
296
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if ((outfile = fopen(filename, "wb")) == NULL) {
|
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|
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fprintf(stderr, "can't open %s\n", filename);
|
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|
-
exit(1);
|
299
|
-
}
|
300
|
-
jpeg_stdio_dest(&cinfo, outfile);
|
301
|
-
|
302
|
-
where the last line invokes the standard destination module.
|
303
|
-
|
304
|
-
WARNING: it is critical that the binary compressed data be delivered to the
|
305
|
-
output file unchanged. On non-Unix systems the stdio library may perform
|
306
|
-
newline translation or otherwise corrupt binary data. To suppress this
|
307
|
-
behavior, you may need to use a "b" option to fopen (as shown above), or use
|
308
|
-
setmode() or another routine to put the stdio stream in binary mode. See
|
309
|
-
cjpeg.c and djpeg.c for code that has been found to work on many systems.
|
310
|
-
|
311
|
-
You can select the data destination after setting other parameters (step 3),
|
312
|
-
if that's more convenient. You may not change the destination between
|
313
|
-
calling jpeg_start_compress() and jpeg_finish_compress().
|
314
|
-
|
315
|
-
|
316
|
-
3. Set parameters for compression, including image size & colorspace.
|
317
|
-
|
318
|
-
You must supply information about the source image by setting the following
|
319
|
-
fields in the JPEG object (cinfo structure):
|
320
|
-
|
321
|
-
image_width Width of image, in pixels
|
322
|
-
image_height Height of image, in pixels
|
323
|
-
input_components Number of color channels (samples per pixel)
|
324
|
-
in_color_space Color space of source image
|
325
|
-
|
326
|
-
The image dimensions are, hopefully, obvious. JPEG supports image dimensions
|
327
|
-
of 1 to 64K pixels in either direction. The input color space is typically
|
328
|
-
RGB or grayscale, and input_components is 3 or 1 accordingly. (See "Special
|
329
|
-
color spaces", later, for more info.) The in_color_space field must be
|
330
|
-
assigned one of the J_COLOR_SPACE enum constants, typically JCS_RGB or
|
331
|
-
JCS_GRAYSCALE.
|
332
|
-
|
333
|
-
JPEG has a large number of compression parameters that determine how the
|
334
|
-
image is encoded. Most applications don't need or want to know about all
|
335
|
-
these parameters. You can set all the parameters to reasonable defaults by
|
336
|
-
calling jpeg_set_defaults(); then, if there are particular values you want
|
337
|
-
to change, you can do so after that. The "Compression parameter selection"
|
338
|
-
section tells about all the parameters.
|
339
|
-
|
340
|
-
You must set in_color_space correctly before calling jpeg_set_defaults(),
|
341
|
-
because the defaults depend on the source image colorspace. However the
|
342
|
-
other three source image parameters need not be valid until you call
|
343
|
-
jpeg_start_compress(). There's no harm in calling jpeg_set_defaults() more
|
344
|
-
than once, if that happens to be convenient.
|
345
|
-
|
346
|
-
Typical code for a 24-bit RGB source image is
|
347
|
-
|
348
|
-
cinfo.image_width = Width; /* image width and height, in pixels */
|
349
|
-
cinfo.image_height = Height;
|
350
|
-
cinfo.input_components = 3; /* # of color components per pixel */
|
351
|
-
cinfo.in_color_space = JCS_RGB; /* colorspace of input image */
|
352
|
-
|
353
|
-
jpeg_set_defaults(&cinfo);
|
354
|
-
/* Make optional parameter settings here */
|
355
|
-
|
356
|
-
|
357
|
-
4. jpeg_start_compress(...);
|
358
|
-
|
359
|
-
After you have established the data destination and set all the necessary
|
360
|
-
source image info and other parameters, call jpeg_start_compress() to begin
|
361
|
-
a compression cycle. This will initialize internal state, allocate working
|
362
|
-
storage, and emit the first few bytes of the JPEG datastream header.
|
363
|
-
|
364
|
-
Typical code:
|
365
|
-
|
366
|
-
jpeg_start_compress(&cinfo, TRUE);
|
367
|
-
|
368
|
-
The "TRUE" parameter ensures that a complete JPEG interchange datastream
|
369
|
-
will be written. This is appropriate in most cases. If you think you might
|
370
|
-
want to use an abbreviated datastream, read the section on abbreviated
|
371
|
-
datastreams, below.
|
372
|
-
|
373
|
-
Once you have called jpeg_start_compress(), you may not alter any JPEG
|
374
|
-
parameters or other fields of the JPEG object until you have completed
|
375
|
-
the compression cycle.
|
376
|
-
|
377
|
-
|
378
|
-
5. while (scan lines remain to be written)
|
379
|
-
jpeg_write_scanlines(...);
|
380
|
-
|
381
|
-
Now write all the required image data by calling jpeg_write_scanlines()
|
382
|
-
one or more times. You can pass one or more scanlines in each call, up
|
383
|
-
to the total image height. In most applications it is convenient to pass
|
384
|
-
just one or a few scanlines at a time. The expected format for the passed
|
385
|
-
data is discussed under "Data formats", above.
|
386
|
-
|
387
|
-
Image data should be written in top-to-bottom scanline order. The JPEG spec
|
388
|
-
contains some weasel wording about how top and bottom are application-defined
|
389
|
-
terms (a curious interpretation of the English language...) but if you want
|
390
|
-
your files to be compatible with everyone else's, you WILL use top-to-bottom
|
391
|
-
order. If the source data must be read in bottom-to-top order, you can use
|
392
|
-
the JPEG library's virtual array mechanism to invert the data efficiently.
|
393
|
-
Examples of this can be found in the sample application cjpeg.
|
394
|
-
|
395
|
-
The library maintains a count of the number of scanlines written so far
|
396
|
-
in the next_scanline field of the JPEG object. Usually you can just use
|
397
|
-
this variable as the loop counter, so that the loop test looks like
|
398
|
-
"while (cinfo.next_scanline < cinfo.image_height)".
|
399
|
-
|
400
|
-
Code for this step depends heavily on the way that you store the source data.
|
401
|
-
example.c shows the following code for the case of a full-size 2-D source
|
402
|
-
array containing 3-byte RGB pixels:
|
403
|
-
|
404
|
-
JSAMPROW row_pointer[1]; /* pointer to a single row */
|
405
|
-
int row_stride; /* physical row width in buffer */
|
406
|
-
|
407
|
-
row_stride = image_width * 3; /* JSAMPLEs per row in image_buffer */
|
408
|
-
|
409
|
-
while (cinfo.next_scanline < cinfo.image_height) {
|
410
|
-
row_pointer[0] = & image_buffer[cinfo.next_scanline * row_stride];
|
411
|
-
jpeg_write_scanlines(&cinfo, row_pointer, 1);
|
412
|
-
}
|
413
|
-
|
414
|
-
jpeg_write_scanlines() returns the number of scanlines actually written.
|
415
|
-
This will normally be equal to the number passed in, so you can usually
|
416
|
-
ignore the return value. It is different in just two cases:
|
417
|
-
* If you try to write more scanlines than the declared image height,
|
418
|
-
the additional scanlines are ignored.
|
419
|
-
* If you use a suspending data destination manager, output buffer overrun
|
420
|
-
will cause the compressor to return before accepting all the passed lines.
|
421
|
-
This feature is discussed under "I/O suspension", below. The normal
|
422
|
-
stdio destination manager will NOT cause this to happen.
|
423
|
-
In any case, the return value is the same as the change in the value of
|
424
|
-
next_scanline.
|
425
|
-
|
426
|
-
|
427
|
-
6. jpeg_finish_compress(...);
|
428
|
-
|
429
|
-
After all the image data has been written, call jpeg_finish_compress() to
|
430
|
-
complete the compression cycle. This step is ESSENTIAL to ensure that the
|
431
|
-
last bufferload of data is written to the data destination.
|
432
|
-
jpeg_finish_compress() also releases working memory associated with the JPEG
|
433
|
-
object.
|
434
|
-
|
435
|
-
Typical code:
|
436
|
-
|
437
|
-
jpeg_finish_compress(&cinfo);
|
438
|
-
|
439
|
-
If using the stdio destination manager, don't forget to close the output
|
440
|
-
stdio stream (if necessary) afterwards.
|
441
|
-
|
442
|
-
If you have requested a multi-pass operating mode, such as Huffman code
|
443
|
-
optimization, jpeg_finish_compress() will perform the additional passes using
|
444
|
-
data buffered by the first pass. In this case jpeg_finish_compress() may take
|
445
|
-
quite a while to complete. With the default compression parameters, this will
|
446
|
-
not happen.
|
447
|
-
|
448
|
-
It is an error to call jpeg_finish_compress() before writing the necessary
|
449
|
-
total number of scanlines. If you wish to abort compression, call
|
450
|
-
jpeg_abort() as discussed below.
|
451
|
-
|
452
|
-
After completing a compression cycle, you may dispose of the JPEG object
|
453
|
-
as discussed next, or you may use it to compress another image. In that case
|
454
|
-
return to step 2, 3, or 4 as appropriate. If you do not change the
|
455
|
-
destination manager, the new datastream will be written to the same target.
|
456
|
-
If you do not change any JPEG parameters, the new datastream will be written
|
457
|
-
with the same parameters as before. Note that you can change the input image
|
458
|
-
dimensions freely between cycles, but if you change the input colorspace, you
|
459
|
-
should call jpeg_set_defaults() to adjust for the new colorspace; and then
|
460
|
-
you'll need to repeat all of step 3.
|
461
|
-
|
462
|
-
|
463
|
-
7. Release the JPEG compression object.
|
464
|
-
|
465
|
-
When you are done with a JPEG compression object, destroy it by calling
|
466
|
-
jpeg_destroy_compress(). This will free all subsidiary memory (regardless of
|
467
|
-
the previous state of the object). Or you can call jpeg_destroy(), which
|
468
|
-
works for either compression or decompression objects --- this may be more
|
469
|
-
convenient if you are sharing code between compression and decompression
|
470
|
-
cases. (Actually, these routines are equivalent except for the declared type
|
471
|
-
of the passed pointer. To avoid gripes from ANSI C compilers, jpeg_destroy()
|
472
|
-
should be passed a j_common_ptr.)
|
473
|
-
|
474
|
-
If you allocated the jpeg_compress_struct structure from malloc(), freeing
|
475
|
-
it is your responsibility --- jpeg_destroy() won't. Ditto for the error
|
476
|
-
handler structure.
|
477
|
-
|
478
|
-
Typical code:
|
479
|
-
|
480
|
-
jpeg_destroy_compress(&cinfo);
|
481
|
-
|
482
|
-
|
483
|
-
8. Aborting.
|
484
|
-
|
485
|
-
If you decide to abort a compression cycle before finishing, you can clean up
|
486
|
-
in either of two ways:
|
487
|
-
|
488
|
-
* If you don't need the JPEG object any more, just call
|
489
|
-
jpeg_destroy_compress() or jpeg_destroy() to release memory. This is
|
490
|
-
legitimate at any point after calling jpeg_create_compress() --- in fact,
|
491
|
-
it's safe even if jpeg_create_compress() fails.
|
492
|
-
|
493
|
-
* If you want to re-use the JPEG object, call jpeg_abort_compress(), or call
|
494
|
-
jpeg_abort() which works on both compression and decompression objects.
|
495
|
-
This will return the object to an idle state, releasing any working memory.
|
496
|
-
jpeg_abort() is allowed at any time after successful object creation.
|
497
|
-
|
498
|
-
Note that cleaning up the data destination, if required, is your
|
499
|
-
responsibility; neither of these routines will call term_destination().
|
500
|
-
(See "Compressed data handling", below, for more about that.)
|
501
|
-
|
502
|
-
jpeg_destroy() and jpeg_abort() are the only safe calls to make on a JPEG
|
503
|
-
object that has reported an error by calling error_exit (see "Error handling"
|
504
|
-
for more info). The internal state of such an object is likely to be out of
|
505
|
-
whack. Either of these two routines will return the object to a known state.
|
506
|
-
|
507
|
-
|
508
|
-
Decompression details
|
509
|
-
---------------------
|
510
|
-
|
511
|
-
Here we revisit the JPEG decompression outline given in the overview.
|
512
|
-
|
513
|
-
1. Allocate and initialize a JPEG decompression object.
|
514
|
-
|
515
|
-
This is just like initialization for compression, as discussed above,
|
516
|
-
except that the object is a "struct jpeg_decompress_struct" and you
|
517
|
-
call jpeg_create_decompress(). Error handling is exactly the same.
|
518
|
-
|
519
|
-
Typical code:
|
520
|
-
|
521
|
-
struct jpeg_decompress_struct cinfo;
|
522
|
-
struct jpeg_error_mgr jerr;
|
523
|
-
...
|
524
|
-
cinfo.err = jpeg_std_error(&jerr);
|
525
|
-
jpeg_create_decompress(&cinfo);
|
526
|
-
|
527
|
-
(Both here and in the IJG code, we usually use variable name "cinfo" for
|
528
|
-
both compression and decompression objects.)
|
529
|
-
|
530
|
-
|
531
|
-
2. Specify the source of the compressed data (eg, a file).
|
532
|
-
|
533
|
-
As previously mentioned, the JPEG library reads compressed data from a "data
|
534
|
-
source" module. The library includes one data source module which knows how
|
535
|
-
to read from a stdio stream. You can use your own source module if you want
|
536
|
-
to do something else, as discussed later.
|
537
|
-
|
538
|
-
If you use the standard source module, you must open the source stdio stream
|
539
|
-
beforehand. Typical code for this step looks like:
|
540
|
-
|
541
|
-
FILE * infile;
|
542
|
-
...
|
543
|
-
if ((infile = fopen(filename, "rb")) == NULL) {
|
544
|
-
fprintf(stderr, "can't open %s\n", filename);
|
545
|
-
exit(1);
|
546
|
-
}
|
547
|
-
jpeg_stdio_src(&cinfo, infile);
|
548
|
-
|
549
|
-
where the last line invokes the standard source module.
|
550
|
-
|
551
|
-
WARNING: it is critical that the binary compressed data be read unchanged.
|
552
|
-
On non-Unix systems the stdio library may perform newline translation or
|
553
|
-
otherwise corrupt binary data. To suppress this behavior, you may need to use
|
554
|
-
a "b" option to fopen (as shown above), or use setmode() or another routine to
|
555
|
-
put the stdio stream in binary mode. See cjpeg.c and djpeg.c for code that
|
556
|
-
has been found to work on many systems.
|
557
|
-
|
558
|
-
You may not change the data source between calling jpeg_read_header() and
|
559
|
-
jpeg_finish_decompress(). If you wish to read a series of JPEG images from
|
560
|
-
a single source file, you should repeat the jpeg_read_header() to
|
561
|
-
jpeg_finish_decompress() sequence without reinitializing either the JPEG
|
562
|
-
object or the data source module; this prevents buffered input data from
|
563
|
-
being discarded.
|
564
|
-
|
565
|
-
|
566
|
-
3. Call jpeg_read_header() to obtain image info.
|
567
|
-
|
568
|
-
Typical code for this step is just
|
569
|
-
|
570
|
-
jpeg_read_header(&cinfo, TRUE);
|
571
|
-
|
572
|
-
This will read the source datastream header markers, up to the beginning
|
573
|
-
of the compressed data proper. On return, the image dimensions and other
|
574
|
-
info have been stored in the JPEG object. The application may wish to
|
575
|
-
consult this information before selecting decompression parameters.
|
576
|
-
|
577
|
-
More complex code is necessary if
|
578
|
-
* A suspending data source is used --- in that case jpeg_read_header()
|
579
|
-
may return before it has read all the header data. See "I/O suspension",
|
580
|
-
below. The normal stdio source manager will NOT cause this to happen.
|
581
|
-
* Abbreviated JPEG files are to be processed --- see the section on
|
582
|
-
abbreviated datastreams. Standard applications that deal only in
|
583
|
-
interchange JPEG files need not be concerned with this case either.
|
584
|
-
|
585
|
-
It is permissible to stop at this point if you just wanted to find out the
|
586
|
-
image dimensions and other header info for a JPEG file. In that case,
|
587
|
-
call jpeg_destroy() when you are done with the JPEG object, or call
|
588
|
-
jpeg_abort() to return it to an idle state before selecting a new data
|
589
|
-
source and reading another header.
|
590
|
-
|
591
|
-
|
592
|
-
4. Set parameters for decompression.
|
593
|
-
|
594
|
-
jpeg_read_header() sets appropriate default decompression parameters based on
|
595
|
-
the properties of the image (in particular, its colorspace). However, you
|
596
|
-
may well want to alter these defaults before beginning the decompression.
|
597
|
-
For example, the default is to produce full color output from a color file.
|
598
|
-
If you want colormapped output you must ask for it. Other options allow the
|
599
|
-
returned image to be scaled and allow various speed/quality tradeoffs to be
|
600
|
-
selected. "Decompression parameter selection", below, gives details.
|
601
|
-
|
602
|
-
If the defaults are appropriate, nothing need be done at this step.
|
603
|
-
|
604
|
-
Note that all default values are set by each call to jpeg_read_header().
|
605
|
-
If you reuse a decompression object, you cannot expect your parameter
|
606
|
-
settings to be preserved across cycles, as you can for compression.
|
607
|
-
You must set desired parameter values each time.
|
608
|
-
|
609
|
-
|
610
|
-
5. jpeg_start_decompress(...);
|
611
|
-
|
612
|
-
Once the parameter values are satisfactory, call jpeg_start_decompress() to
|
613
|
-
begin decompression. This will initialize internal state, allocate working
|
614
|
-
memory, and prepare for returning data.
|
615
|
-
|
616
|
-
Typical code is just
|
617
|
-
|
618
|
-
jpeg_start_decompress(&cinfo);
|
619
|
-
|
620
|
-
If you have requested a multi-pass operating mode, such as 2-pass color
|
621
|
-
quantization, jpeg_start_decompress() will do everything needed before data
|
622
|
-
output can begin. In this case jpeg_start_decompress() may take quite a while
|
623
|
-
to complete. With a single-scan (non progressive) JPEG file and default
|
624
|
-
decompression parameters, this will not happen; jpeg_start_decompress() will
|
625
|
-
return quickly.
|
626
|
-
|
627
|
-
After this call, the final output image dimensions, including any requested
|
628
|
-
scaling, are available in the JPEG object; so is the selected colormap, if
|
629
|
-
colormapped output has been requested. Useful fields include
|
630
|
-
|
631
|
-
output_width image width and height, as scaled
|
632
|
-
output_height
|
633
|
-
out_color_components # of color components in out_color_space
|
634
|
-
output_components # of color components returned per pixel
|
635
|
-
colormap the selected colormap, if any
|
636
|
-
actual_number_of_colors number of entries in colormap
|
637
|
-
|
638
|
-
output_components is 1 (a colormap index) when quantizing colors; otherwise it
|
639
|
-
equals out_color_components. It is the number of JSAMPLE values that will be
|
640
|
-
emitted per pixel in the output arrays.
|
641
|
-
|
642
|
-
Typically you will need to allocate data buffers to hold the incoming image.
|
643
|
-
You will need output_width * output_components JSAMPLEs per scanline in your
|
644
|
-
output buffer, and a total of output_height scanlines will be returned.
|
645
|
-
|
646
|
-
Note: if you are using the JPEG library's internal memory manager to allocate
|
647
|
-
data buffers (as djpeg does), then the manager's protocol requires that you
|
648
|
-
request large buffers *before* calling jpeg_start_decompress(). This is a
|
649
|
-
little tricky since the output_XXX fields are not normally valid then. You
|
650
|
-
can make them valid by calling jpeg_calc_output_dimensions() after setting the
|
651
|
-
relevant parameters (scaling, output color space, and quantization flag).
|
652
|
-
|
653
|
-
|
654
|
-
6. while (scan lines remain to be read)
|
655
|
-
jpeg_read_scanlines(...);
|
656
|
-
|
657
|
-
Now you can read the decompressed image data by calling jpeg_read_scanlines()
|
658
|
-
one or more times. At each call, you pass in the maximum number of scanlines
|
659
|
-
to be read (ie, the height of your working buffer); jpeg_read_scanlines()
|
660
|
-
will return up to that many lines. The return value is the number of lines
|
661
|
-
actually read. The format of the returned data is discussed under "Data
|
662
|
-
formats", above. Don't forget that grayscale and color JPEGs will return
|
663
|
-
different data formats!
|
664
|
-
|
665
|
-
Image data is returned in top-to-bottom scanline order. If you must write
|
666
|
-
out the image in bottom-to-top order, you can use the JPEG library's virtual
|
667
|
-
array mechanism to invert the data efficiently. Examples of this can be
|
668
|
-
found in the sample application djpeg.
|
669
|
-
|
670
|
-
The library maintains a count of the number of scanlines returned so far
|
671
|
-
in the output_scanline field of the JPEG object. Usually you can just use
|
672
|
-
this variable as the loop counter, so that the loop test looks like
|
673
|
-
"while (cinfo.output_scanline < cinfo.output_height)". (Note that the test
|
674
|
-
should NOT be against image_height, unless you never use scaling. The
|
675
|
-
image_height field is the height of the original unscaled image.)
|
676
|
-
The return value always equals the change in the value of output_scanline.
|
677
|
-
|
678
|
-
If you don't use a suspending data source, it is safe to assume that
|
679
|
-
jpeg_read_scanlines() reads at least one scanline per call, until the
|
680
|
-
bottom of the image has been reached.
|
681
|
-
|
682
|
-
If you use a buffer larger than one scanline, it is NOT safe to assume that
|
683
|
-
jpeg_read_scanlines() fills it. (The current implementation returns only a
|
684
|
-
few scanlines per call, no matter how large a buffer you pass.) So you must
|
685
|
-
always provide a loop that calls jpeg_read_scanlines() repeatedly until the
|
686
|
-
whole image has been read.
|
687
|
-
|
688
|
-
|
689
|
-
7. jpeg_finish_decompress(...);
|
690
|
-
|
691
|
-
After all the image data has been read, call jpeg_finish_decompress() to
|
692
|
-
complete the decompression cycle. This causes working memory associated
|
693
|
-
with the JPEG object to be released.
|
694
|
-
|
695
|
-
Typical code:
|
696
|
-
|
697
|
-
jpeg_finish_decompress(&cinfo);
|
698
|
-
|
699
|
-
If using the stdio source manager, don't forget to close the source stdio
|
700
|
-
stream if necessary.
|
701
|
-
|
702
|
-
It is an error to call jpeg_finish_decompress() before reading the correct
|
703
|
-
total number of scanlines. If you wish to abort decompression, call
|
704
|
-
jpeg_abort() as discussed below.
|
705
|
-
|
706
|
-
After completing a decompression cycle, you may dispose of the JPEG object as
|
707
|
-
discussed next, or you may use it to decompress another image. In that case
|
708
|
-
return to step 2 or 3 as appropriate. If you do not change the source
|
709
|
-
manager, the next image will be read from the same source.
|
710
|
-
|
711
|
-
|
712
|
-
8. Release the JPEG decompression object.
|
713
|
-
|
714
|
-
When you are done with a JPEG decompression object, destroy it by calling
|
715
|
-
jpeg_destroy_decompress() or jpeg_destroy(). The previous discussion of
|
716
|
-
destroying compression objects applies here too.
|
717
|
-
|
718
|
-
Typical code:
|
719
|
-
|
720
|
-
jpeg_destroy_decompress(&cinfo);
|
721
|
-
|
722
|
-
|
723
|
-
9. Aborting.
|
724
|
-
|
725
|
-
You can abort a decompression cycle by calling jpeg_destroy_decompress() or
|
726
|
-
jpeg_destroy() if you don't need the JPEG object any more, or
|
727
|
-
jpeg_abort_decompress() or jpeg_abort() if you want to reuse the object.
|
728
|
-
The previous discussion of aborting compression cycles applies here too.
|
729
|
-
|
730
|
-
|
731
|
-
Mechanics of usage: include files, linking, etc
|
732
|
-
-----------------------------------------------
|
733
|
-
|
734
|
-
Applications using the JPEG library should include the header file jpeglib.h
|
735
|
-
to obtain declarations of data types and routines. Before including
|
736
|
-
jpeglib.h, include system headers that define at least the typedefs FILE and
|
737
|
-
size_t. On ANSI-conforming systems, including <stdio.h> is sufficient; on
|
738
|
-
older Unix systems, you may need <sys/types.h> to define size_t.
|
739
|
-
|
740
|
-
If the application needs to refer to individual JPEG library error codes, also
|
741
|
-
include jerror.h to define those symbols.
|
742
|
-
|
743
|
-
jpeglib.h indirectly includes the files jconfig.h and jmorecfg.h. If you are
|
744
|
-
installing the JPEG header files in a system directory, you will want to
|
745
|
-
install all four files: jpeglib.h, jerror.h, jconfig.h, jmorecfg.h.
|
746
|
-
|
747
|
-
The most convenient way to include the JPEG code into your executable program
|
748
|
-
is to prepare a library file ("libjpeg.a", or a corresponding name on non-Unix
|
749
|
-
machines) and reference it at your link step. If you use only half of the
|
750
|
-
library (only compression or only decompression), only that much code will be
|
751
|
-
included from the library, unless your linker is hopelessly brain-damaged.
|
752
|
-
The supplied makefiles build libjpeg.a automatically (see install.txt).
|
753
|
-
|
754
|
-
While you can build the JPEG library as a shared library if the whim strikes
|
755
|
-
you, we don't really recommend it. The trouble with shared libraries is that
|
756
|
-
at some point you'll probably try to substitute a new version of the library
|
757
|
-
without recompiling the calling applications. That generally doesn't work
|
758
|
-
because the parameter struct declarations usually change with each new
|
759
|
-
version. In other words, the library's API is *not* guaranteed binary
|
760
|
-
compatible across versions; we only try to ensure source-code compatibility.
|
761
|
-
(In hindsight, it might have been smarter to hide the parameter structs from
|
762
|
-
applications and introduce a ton of access functions instead. Too late now,
|
763
|
-
however.)
|
764
|
-
|
765
|
-
On some systems your application may need to set up a signal handler to ensure
|
766
|
-
that temporary files are deleted if the program is interrupted. This is most
|
767
|
-
critical if you are on MS-DOS and use the jmemdos.c memory manager back end;
|
768
|
-
it will try to grab extended memory for temp files, and that space will NOT be
|
769
|
-
freed automatically. See cjpeg.c or djpeg.c for an example signal handler.
|
770
|
-
|
771
|
-
It may be worth pointing out that the core JPEG library does not actually
|
772
|
-
require the stdio library: only the default source/destination managers and
|
773
|
-
error handler need it. You can use the library in a stdio-less environment
|
774
|
-
if you replace those modules and use jmemnobs.c (or another memory manager of
|
775
|
-
your own devising). More info about the minimum system library requirements
|
776
|
-
may be found in jinclude.h.
|
777
|
-
|
778
|
-
|
779
|
-
ADVANCED FEATURES
|
780
|
-
=================
|
781
|
-
|
782
|
-
Compression parameter selection
|
783
|
-
-------------------------------
|
784
|
-
|
785
|
-
This section describes all the optional parameters you can set for JPEG
|
786
|
-
compression, as well as the "helper" routines provided to assist in this
|
787
|
-
task. Proper setting of some parameters requires detailed understanding
|
788
|
-
of the JPEG standard; if you don't know what a parameter is for, it's best
|
789
|
-
not to mess with it! See REFERENCES in the README file for pointers to
|
790
|
-
more info about JPEG.
|
791
|
-
|
792
|
-
It's a good idea to call jpeg_set_defaults() first, even if you plan to set
|
793
|
-
all the parameters; that way your code is more likely to work with future JPEG
|
794
|
-
libraries that have additional parameters. For the same reason, we recommend
|
795
|
-
you use a helper routine where one is provided, in preference to twiddling
|
796
|
-
cinfo fields directly.
|
797
|
-
|
798
|
-
The helper routines are:
|
799
|
-
|
800
|
-
jpeg_set_defaults (j_compress_ptr cinfo)
|
801
|
-
This routine sets all JPEG parameters to reasonable defaults, using
|
802
|
-
only the input image's color space (field in_color_space, which must
|
803
|
-
already be set in cinfo). Many applications will only need to use
|
804
|
-
this routine and perhaps jpeg_set_quality().
|
805
|
-
|
806
|
-
jpeg_set_colorspace (j_compress_ptr cinfo, J_COLOR_SPACE colorspace)
|
807
|
-
Sets the JPEG file's colorspace (field jpeg_color_space) as specified,
|
808
|
-
and sets other color-space-dependent parameters appropriately. See
|
809
|
-
"Special color spaces", below, before using this. A large number of
|
810
|
-
parameters, including all per-component parameters, are set by this
|
811
|
-
routine; if you want to twiddle individual parameters you should call
|
812
|
-
jpeg_set_colorspace() before rather than after.
|
813
|
-
|
814
|
-
jpeg_default_colorspace (j_compress_ptr cinfo)
|
815
|
-
Selects an appropriate JPEG colorspace based on cinfo->in_color_space,
|
816
|
-
and calls jpeg_set_colorspace(). This is actually a subroutine of
|
817
|
-
jpeg_set_defaults(). It's broken out in case you want to change
|
818
|
-
just the colorspace-dependent JPEG parameters.
|
819
|
-
|
820
|
-
jpeg_set_quality (j_compress_ptr cinfo, int quality, boolean force_baseline)
|
821
|
-
Constructs JPEG quantization tables appropriate for the indicated
|
822
|
-
quality setting. The quality value is expressed on the 0..100 scale
|
823
|
-
recommended by IJG (cjpeg's "-quality" switch uses this routine).
|
824
|
-
Note that the exact mapping from quality values to tables may change
|
825
|
-
in future IJG releases as more is learned about DCT quantization.
|
826
|
-
If the force_baseline parameter is TRUE, then the quantization table
|
827
|
-
entries are constrained to the range 1..255 for full JPEG baseline
|
828
|
-
compatibility. In the current implementation, this only makes a
|
829
|
-
difference for quality settings below 25, and it effectively prevents
|
830
|
-
very small/low quality files from being generated. The IJG decoder
|
831
|
-
is capable of reading the non-baseline files generated at low quality
|
832
|
-
settings when force_baseline is FALSE, but other decoders may not be.
|
833
|
-
|
834
|
-
jpeg_set_linear_quality (j_compress_ptr cinfo, int scale_factor,
|
835
|
-
boolean force_baseline)
|
836
|
-
Same as jpeg_set_quality() except that the generated tables are the
|
837
|
-
sample tables given in the JPEC spec section K.1, multiplied by the
|
838
|
-
specified scale factor (which is expressed as a percentage; thus
|
839
|
-
scale_factor = 100 reproduces the spec's tables). Note that larger
|
840
|
-
scale factors give lower quality. This entry point is useful for
|
841
|
-
conforming to the Adobe PostScript DCT conventions, but we do not
|
842
|
-
recommend linear scaling as a user-visible quality scale otherwise.
|
843
|
-
force_baseline again constrains the computed table entries to 1..255.
|
844
|
-
|
845
|
-
int jpeg_quality_scaling (int quality)
|
846
|
-
Converts a value on the IJG-recommended quality scale to a linear
|
847
|
-
scaling percentage. Note that this routine may change or go away
|
848
|
-
in future releases --- IJG may choose to adopt a scaling method that
|
849
|
-
can't be expressed as a simple scalar multiplier, in which case the
|
850
|
-
premise of this routine collapses. Caveat user.
|
851
|
-
|
852
|
-
jpeg_default_qtables (j_compress_ptr cinfo, boolean force_baseline)
|
853
|
-
Set default quantization tables with linear q_scale_factor[] values
|
854
|
-
(see below).
|
855
|
-
|
856
|
-
jpeg_add_quant_table (j_compress_ptr cinfo, int which_tbl,
|
857
|
-
const unsigned int *basic_table,
|
858
|
-
int scale_factor, boolean force_baseline)
|
859
|
-
Allows an arbitrary quantization table to be created. which_tbl
|
860
|
-
indicates which table slot to fill. basic_table points to an array
|
861
|
-
of 64 unsigned ints given in normal array order. These values are
|
862
|
-
multiplied by scale_factor/100 and then clamped to the range 1..65535
|
863
|
-
(or to 1..255 if force_baseline is TRUE).
|
864
|
-
CAUTION: prior to library version 6a, jpeg_add_quant_table expected
|
865
|
-
the basic table to be given in JPEG zigzag order. If you need to
|
866
|
-
write code that works with either older or newer versions of this
|
867
|
-
routine, you must check the library version number. Something like
|
868
|
-
"#if JPEG_LIB_VERSION >= 61" is the right test.
|
869
|
-
|
870
|
-
jpeg_simple_progression (j_compress_ptr cinfo)
|
871
|
-
Generates a default scan script for writing a progressive-JPEG file.
|
872
|
-
This is the recommended method of creating a progressive file,
|
873
|
-
unless you want to make a custom scan sequence. You must ensure that
|
874
|
-
the JPEG color space is set correctly before calling this routine.
|
875
|
-
|
876
|
-
|
877
|
-
Compression parameters (cinfo fields) include:
|
878
|
-
|
879
|
-
J_DCT_METHOD dct_method
|
880
|
-
Selects the algorithm used for the DCT step. Choices are:
|
881
|
-
JDCT_ISLOW: slow but accurate integer algorithm
|
882
|
-
JDCT_IFAST: faster, less accurate integer method
|
883
|
-
JDCT_FLOAT: floating-point method
|
884
|
-
JDCT_DEFAULT: default method (normally JDCT_ISLOW)
|
885
|
-
JDCT_FASTEST: fastest method (normally JDCT_IFAST)
|
886
|
-
The FLOAT method is very slightly more accurate than the ISLOW method,
|
887
|
-
but may give different results on different machines due to varying
|
888
|
-
roundoff behavior. The integer methods should give the same results
|
889
|
-
on all machines. On machines with sufficiently fast FP hardware, the
|
890
|
-
floating-point method may also be the fastest. The IFAST method is
|
891
|
-
considerably less accurate than the other two; its use is not
|
892
|
-
recommended if high quality is a concern. JDCT_DEFAULT and
|
893
|
-
JDCT_FASTEST are macros configurable by each installation.
|
894
|
-
|
895
|
-
unsigned int scale_num, scale_denom
|
896
|
-
Scale the image by the fraction scale_num/scale_denom. Default is
|
897
|
-
1/1, or no scaling. Currently, the supported scaling ratios are
|
898
|
-
8/N with all N from 1 to 16. (The library design allows for arbitrary
|
899
|
-
scaling ratios but this is not likely to be implemented any time soon.)
|
900
|
-
|
901
|
-
J_COLOR_SPACE jpeg_color_space
|
902
|
-
int num_components
|
903
|
-
The JPEG color space and corresponding number of components; see
|
904
|
-
"Special color spaces", below, for more info. We recommend using
|
905
|
-
jpeg_set_color_space() if you want to change these.
|
906
|
-
|
907
|
-
boolean optimize_coding
|
908
|
-
TRUE causes the compressor to compute optimal Huffman coding tables
|
909
|
-
for the image. This requires an extra pass over the data and
|
910
|
-
therefore costs a good deal of space and time. The default is
|
911
|
-
FALSE, which tells the compressor to use the supplied or default
|
912
|
-
Huffman tables. In most cases optimal tables save only a few percent
|
913
|
-
of file size compared to the default tables. Note that when this is
|
914
|
-
TRUE, you need not supply Huffman tables at all, and any you do
|
915
|
-
supply will be overwritten.
|
916
|
-
|
917
|
-
unsigned int restart_interval
|
918
|
-
int restart_in_rows
|
919
|
-
To emit restart markers in the JPEG file, set one of these nonzero.
|
920
|
-
Set restart_interval to specify the exact interval in MCU blocks.
|
921
|
-
Set restart_in_rows to specify the interval in MCU rows. (If
|
922
|
-
restart_in_rows is not 0, then restart_interval is set after the
|
923
|
-
image width in MCUs is computed.) Defaults are zero (no restarts).
|
924
|
-
One restart marker per MCU row is often a good choice.
|
925
|
-
NOTE: the overhead of restart markers is higher in grayscale JPEG
|
926
|
-
files than in color files, and MUCH higher in progressive JPEGs.
|
927
|
-
If you use restarts, you may want to use larger intervals in those
|
928
|
-
cases.
|
929
|
-
|
930
|
-
const jpeg_scan_info * scan_info
|
931
|
-
int num_scans
|
932
|
-
By default, scan_info is NULL; this causes the compressor to write a
|
933
|
-
single-scan sequential JPEG file. If not NULL, scan_info points to
|
934
|
-
an array of scan definition records of length num_scans. The
|
935
|
-
compressor will then write a JPEG file having one scan for each scan
|
936
|
-
definition record. This is used to generate noninterleaved or
|
937
|
-
progressive JPEG files. The library checks that the scan array
|
938
|
-
defines a valid JPEG scan sequence. (jpeg_simple_progression creates
|
939
|
-
a suitable scan definition array for progressive JPEG.) This is
|
940
|
-
discussed further under "Progressive JPEG support".
|
941
|
-
|
942
|
-
boolean do_fancy_downsampling
|
943
|
-
If TRUE, use direct DCT scaling with DCT size > 8 for downsampling
|
944
|
-
of chroma components.
|
945
|
-
If FALSE, use only DCT size <= 8 and simple separate downsampling.
|
946
|
-
Default is TRUE.
|
947
|
-
For better image stability in multiple generation compression cycles
|
948
|
-
it is preferable that this value matches the corresponding
|
949
|
-
do_fancy_upsampling value in decompression.
|
950
|
-
|
951
|
-
int smoothing_factor
|
952
|
-
If non-zero, the input image is smoothed; the value should be 1 for
|
953
|
-
minimal smoothing to 100 for maximum smoothing. Consult jcsample.c
|
954
|
-
for details of the smoothing algorithm. The default is zero.
|
955
|
-
|
956
|
-
boolean write_JFIF_header
|
957
|
-
If TRUE, a JFIF APP0 marker is emitted. jpeg_set_defaults() and
|
958
|
-
jpeg_set_colorspace() set this TRUE if a JFIF-legal JPEG color space
|
959
|
-
(ie, YCbCr or grayscale) is selected, otherwise FALSE.
|
960
|
-
|
961
|
-
UINT8 JFIF_major_version
|
962
|
-
UINT8 JFIF_minor_version
|
963
|
-
The version number to be written into the JFIF marker.
|
964
|
-
jpeg_set_defaults() initializes the version to 1.01 (major=minor=1).
|
965
|
-
You should set it to 1.02 (major=1, minor=2) if you plan to write
|
966
|
-
any JFIF 1.02 extension markers.
|
967
|
-
|
968
|
-
UINT8 density_unit
|
969
|
-
UINT16 X_density
|
970
|
-
UINT16 Y_density
|
971
|
-
The resolution information to be written into the JFIF marker;
|
972
|
-
not used otherwise. density_unit may be 0 for unknown,
|
973
|
-
1 for dots/inch, or 2 for dots/cm. The default values are 0,1,1
|
974
|
-
indicating square pixels of unknown size.
|
975
|
-
|
976
|
-
boolean write_Adobe_marker
|
977
|
-
If TRUE, an Adobe APP14 marker is emitted. jpeg_set_defaults() and
|
978
|
-
jpeg_set_colorspace() set this TRUE if JPEG color space RGB, CMYK,
|
979
|
-
or YCCK is selected, otherwise FALSE. It is generally a bad idea
|
980
|
-
to set both write_JFIF_header and write_Adobe_marker. In fact,
|
981
|
-
you probably shouldn't change the default settings at all --- the
|
982
|
-
default behavior ensures that the JPEG file's color space can be
|
983
|
-
recognized by the decoder.
|
984
|
-
|
985
|
-
JQUANT_TBL * quant_tbl_ptrs[NUM_QUANT_TBLS]
|
986
|
-
Pointers to coefficient quantization tables, one per table slot,
|
987
|
-
or NULL if no table is defined for a slot. Usually these should
|
988
|
-
be set via one of the above helper routines; jpeg_add_quant_table()
|
989
|
-
is general enough to define any quantization table. The other
|
990
|
-
routines will set up table slot 0 for luminance quality and table
|
991
|
-
slot 1 for chrominance.
|
992
|
-
|
993
|
-
int q_scale_factor[NUM_QUANT_TBLS]
|
994
|
-
Linear quantization scaling factors (percentage, initialized 100)
|
995
|
-
for use with jpeg_default_qtables().
|
996
|
-
See rdswitch.c and cjpeg.c for an example of usage.
|
997
|
-
Note that the q_scale_factor[] fields are the "linear" scales, so you
|
998
|
-
have to convert from user-defined ratings via jpeg_quality_scaling().
|
999
|
-
Here is an example code which corresponds to cjpeg -quality 90,70:
|
1000
|
-
|
1001
|
-
jpeg_set_defaults(cinfo);
|
1002
|
-
|
1003
|
-
/* Set luminance quality 90. */
|
1004
|
-
cinfo->q_scale_factor[0] = jpeg_quality_scaling(90);
|
1005
|
-
/* Set chrominance quality 70. */
|
1006
|
-
cinfo->q_scale_factor[1] = jpeg_quality_scaling(70);
|
1007
|
-
|
1008
|
-
jpeg_default_qtables(cinfo, force_baseline);
|
1009
|
-
|
1010
|
-
CAUTION: You must also set 1x1 subsampling for efficient separate
|
1011
|
-
color quality selection, since the default value used by library
|
1012
|
-
is 2x2:
|
1013
|
-
|
1014
|
-
cinfo->comp_info[0].v_samp_factor = 1;
|
1015
|
-
cinfo->comp_info[0].h_samp_factor = 1;
|
1016
|
-
|
1017
|
-
JHUFF_TBL * dc_huff_tbl_ptrs[NUM_HUFF_TBLS]
|
1018
|
-
JHUFF_TBL * ac_huff_tbl_ptrs[NUM_HUFF_TBLS]
|
1019
|
-
Pointers to Huffman coding tables, one per table slot, or NULL if
|
1020
|
-
no table is defined for a slot. Slots 0 and 1 are filled with the
|
1021
|
-
JPEG sample tables by jpeg_set_defaults(). If you need to allocate
|
1022
|
-
more table structures, jpeg_alloc_huff_table() may be used.
|
1023
|
-
Note that optimal Huffman tables can be computed for an image
|
1024
|
-
by setting optimize_coding, as discussed above; there's seldom
|
1025
|
-
any need to mess with providing your own Huffman tables.
|
1026
|
-
|
1027
|
-
|
1028
|
-
The actual dimensions of the JPEG image that will be written to the file are
|
1029
|
-
given by the following fields. These are computed from the input image
|
1030
|
-
dimensions and the compression parameters by jpeg_start_compress(). You can
|
1031
|
-
also call jpeg_calc_jpeg_dimensions() to obtain the values that will result
|
1032
|
-
from the current parameter settings. This can be useful if you are trying
|
1033
|
-
to pick a scaling ratio that will get close to a desired target size.
|
1034
|
-
|
1035
|
-
JDIMENSION jpeg_width Actual dimensions of output image.
|
1036
|
-
JDIMENSION jpeg_height
|
1037
|
-
|
1038
|
-
|
1039
|
-
Per-component parameters are stored in the struct cinfo.comp_info[i] for
|
1040
|
-
component number i. Note that components here refer to components of the
|
1041
|
-
JPEG color space, *not* the source image color space. A suitably large
|
1042
|
-
comp_info[] array is allocated by jpeg_set_defaults(); if you choose not
|
1043
|
-
to use that routine, it's up to you to allocate the array.
|
1044
|
-
|
1045
|
-
int component_id
|
1046
|
-
The one-byte identifier code to be recorded in the JPEG file for
|
1047
|
-
this component. For the standard color spaces, we recommend you
|
1048
|
-
leave the default values alone.
|
1049
|
-
|
1050
|
-
int h_samp_factor
|
1051
|
-
int v_samp_factor
|
1052
|
-
Horizontal and vertical sampling factors for the component; must
|
1053
|
-
be 1..4 according to the JPEG standard. Note that larger sampling
|
1054
|
-
factors indicate a higher-resolution component; many people find
|
1055
|
-
this behavior quite unintuitive. The default values are 2,2 for
|
1056
|
-
luminance components and 1,1 for chrominance components, except
|
1057
|
-
for grayscale where 1,1 is used.
|
1058
|
-
|
1059
|
-
int quant_tbl_no
|
1060
|
-
Quantization table number for component. The default value is
|
1061
|
-
0 for luminance components and 1 for chrominance components.
|
1062
|
-
|
1063
|
-
int dc_tbl_no
|
1064
|
-
int ac_tbl_no
|
1065
|
-
DC and AC entropy coding table numbers. The default values are
|
1066
|
-
0 for luminance components and 1 for chrominance components.
|
1067
|
-
|
1068
|
-
int component_index
|
1069
|
-
Must equal the component's index in comp_info[]. (Beginning in
|
1070
|
-
release v6, the compressor library will fill this in automatically;
|
1071
|
-
you don't have to.)
|
1072
|
-
|
1073
|
-
|
1074
|
-
Decompression parameter selection
|
1075
|
-
---------------------------------
|
1076
|
-
|
1077
|
-
Decompression parameter selection is somewhat simpler than compression
|
1078
|
-
parameter selection, since all of the JPEG internal parameters are
|
1079
|
-
recorded in the source file and need not be supplied by the application.
|
1080
|
-
(Unless you are working with abbreviated files, in which case see
|
1081
|
-
"Abbreviated datastreams", below.) Decompression parameters control
|
1082
|
-
the postprocessing done on the image to deliver it in a format suitable
|
1083
|
-
for the application's use. Many of the parameters control speed/quality
|
1084
|
-
tradeoffs, in which faster decompression may be obtained at the price of
|
1085
|
-
a poorer-quality image. The defaults select the highest quality (slowest)
|
1086
|
-
processing.
|
1087
|
-
|
1088
|
-
The following fields in the JPEG object are set by jpeg_read_header() and
|
1089
|
-
may be useful to the application in choosing decompression parameters:
|
1090
|
-
|
1091
|
-
JDIMENSION image_width Width and height of image
|
1092
|
-
JDIMENSION image_height
|
1093
|
-
int num_components Number of color components
|
1094
|
-
J_COLOR_SPACE jpeg_color_space Colorspace of image
|
1095
|
-
boolean saw_JFIF_marker TRUE if a JFIF APP0 marker was seen
|
1096
|
-
UINT8 JFIF_major_version Version information from JFIF marker
|
1097
|
-
UINT8 JFIF_minor_version
|
1098
|
-
UINT8 density_unit Resolution data from JFIF marker
|
1099
|
-
UINT16 X_density
|
1100
|
-
UINT16 Y_density
|
1101
|
-
boolean saw_Adobe_marker TRUE if an Adobe APP14 marker was seen
|
1102
|
-
UINT8 Adobe_transform Color transform code from Adobe marker
|
1103
|
-
|
1104
|
-
The JPEG color space, unfortunately, is something of a guess since the JPEG
|
1105
|
-
standard proper does not provide a way to record it. In practice most files
|
1106
|
-
adhere to the JFIF or Adobe conventions, and the decoder will recognize these
|
1107
|
-
correctly. See "Special color spaces", below, for more info.
|
1108
|
-
|
1109
|
-
|
1110
|
-
The decompression parameters that determine the basic properties of the
|
1111
|
-
returned image are:
|
1112
|
-
|
1113
|
-
J_COLOR_SPACE out_color_space
|
1114
|
-
Output color space. jpeg_read_header() sets an appropriate default
|
1115
|
-
based on jpeg_color_space; typically it will be RGB or grayscale.
|
1116
|
-
The application can change this field to request output in a different
|
1117
|
-
colorspace. For example, set it to JCS_GRAYSCALE to get grayscale
|
1118
|
-
output from a color file. (This is useful for previewing: grayscale
|
1119
|
-
output is faster than full color since the color components need not
|
1120
|
-
be processed.) Note that not all possible color space transforms are
|
1121
|
-
currently implemented; you may need to extend jdcolor.c if you want an
|
1122
|
-
unusual conversion.
|
1123
|
-
|
1124
|
-
unsigned int scale_num, scale_denom
|
1125
|
-
Scale the image by the fraction scale_num/scale_denom. Currently,
|
1126
|
-
the supported scaling ratios are N/8 with all N from 1 to 16. (The
|
1127
|
-
library design allows for arbitrary scaling ratios but this is not
|
1128
|
-
likely to be implemented any time soon.) The values are initialized
|
1129
|
-
by jpeg_read_header() with the source DCT size, which is currently
|
1130
|
-
8/8. If you change only the scale_num value while leaving the other
|
1131
|
-
unchanged, then this specifies the DCT scaled size to be applied on
|
1132
|
-
the given input, which is currently equivalent to N/8 scaling, since
|
1133
|
-
the source DCT size is currently always 8. Smaller scaling ratios
|
1134
|
-
permit significantly faster decoding since fewer pixels need be
|
1135
|
-
processed and a simpler IDCT method can be used.
|
1136
|
-
|
1137
|
-
boolean quantize_colors
|
1138
|
-
If set TRUE, colormapped output will be delivered. Default is FALSE,
|
1139
|
-
meaning that full-color output will be delivered.
|
1140
|
-
|
1141
|
-
The next three parameters are relevant only if quantize_colors is TRUE.
|
1142
|
-
|
1143
|
-
int desired_number_of_colors
|
1144
|
-
Maximum number of colors to use in generating a library-supplied color
|
1145
|
-
map (the actual number of colors is returned in a different field).
|
1146
|
-
Default 256. Ignored when the application supplies its own color map.
|
1147
|
-
|
1148
|
-
boolean two_pass_quantize
|
1149
|
-
If TRUE, an extra pass over the image is made to select a custom color
|
1150
|
-
map for the image. This usually looks a lot better than the one-size-
|
1151
|
-
fits-all colormap that is used otherwise. Default is TRUE. Ignored
|
1152
|
-
when the application supplies its own color map.
|
1153
|
-
|
1154
|
-
J_DITHER_MODE dither_mode
|
1155
|
-
Selects color dithering method. Supported values are:
|
1156
|
-
JDITHER_NONE no dithering: fast, very low quality
|
1157
|
-
JDITHER_ORDERED ordered dither: moderate speed and quality
|
1158
|
-
JDITHER_FS Floyd-Steinberg dither: slow, high quality
|
1159
|
-
Default is JDITHER_FS. (At present, ordered dither is implemented
|
1160
|
-
only in the single-pass, standard-colormap case. If you ask for
|
1161
|
-
ordered dither when two_pass_quantize is TRUE or when you supply
|
1162
|
-
an external color map, you'll get F-S dithering.)
|
1163
|
-
|
1164
|
-
When quantize_colors is TRUE, the target color map is described by the next
|
1165
|
-
two fields. colormap is set to NULL by jpeg_read_header(). The application
|
1166
|
-
can supply a color map by setting colormap non-NULL and setting
|
1167
|
-
actual_number_of_colors to the map size. Otherwise, jpeg_start_decompress()
|
1168
|
-
selects a suitable color map and sets these two fields itself.
|
1169
|
-
[Implementation restriction: at present, an externally supplied colormap is
|
1170
|
-
only accepted for 3-component output color spaces.]
|
1171
|
-
|
1172
|
-
JSAMPARRAY colormap
|
1173
|
-
The color map, represented as a 2-D pixel array of out_color_components
|
1174
|
-
rows and actual_number_of_colors columns. Ignored if not quantizing.
|
1175
|
-
CAUTION: if the JPEG library creates its own colormap, the storage
|
1176
|
-
pointed to by this field is released by jpeg_finish_decompress().
|
1177
|
-
Copy the colormap somewhere else first, if you want to save it.
|
1178
|
-
|
1179
|
-
int actual_number_of_colors
|
1180
|
-
The number of colors in the color map.
|
1181
|
-
|
1182
|
-
Additional decompression parameters that the application may set include:
|
1183
|
-
|
1184
|
-
J_DCT_METHOD dct_method
|
1185
|
-
Selects the algorithm used for the DCT step. Choices are the same
|
1186
|
-
as described above for compression.
|
1187
|
-
|
1188
|
-
boolean do_fancy_upsampling
|
1189
|
-
If TRUE, use direct DCT scaling with DCT size > 8 for upsampling
|
1190
|
-
of chroma components.
|
1191
|
-
If FALSE, use only DCT size <= 8 and simple separate upsampling.
|
1192
|
-
Default is TRUE.
|
1193
|
-
For better image stability in multiple generation compression cycles
|
1194
|
-
it is preferable that this value matches the corresponding
|
1195
|
-
do_fancy_downsampling value in compression.
|
1196
|
-
|
1197
|
-
boolean do_block_smoothing
|
1198
|
-
If TRUE, interblock smoothing is applied in early stages of decoding
|
1199
|
-
progressive JPEG files; if FALSE, not. Default is TRUE. Early
|
1200
|
-
progression stages look "fuzzy" with smoothing, "blocky" without.
|
1201
|
-
In any case, block smoothing ceases to be applied after the first few
|
1202
|
-
AC coefficients are known to full accuracy, so it is relevant only
|
1203
|
-
when using buffered-image mode for progressive images.
|
1204
|
-
|
1205
|
-
boolean enable_1pass_quant
|
1206
|
-
boolean enable_external_quant
|
1207
|
-
boolean enable_2pass_quant
|
1208
|
-
These are significant only in buffered-image mode, which is
|
1209
|
-
described in its own section below.
|
1210
|
-
|
1211
|
-
|
1212
|
-
The output image dimensions are given by the following fields. These are
|
1213
|
-
computed from the source image dimensions and the decompression parameters
|
1214
|
-
by jpeg_start_decompress(). You can also call jpeg_calc_output_dimensions()
|
1215
|
-
to obtain the values that will result from the current parameter settings.
|
1216
|
-
This can be useful if you are trying to pick a scaling ratio that will get
|
1217
|
-
close to a desired target size. It's also important if you are using the
|
1218
|
-
JPEG library's memory manager to allocate output buffer space, because you
|
1219
|
-
are supposed to request such buffers *before* jpeg_start_decompress().
|
1220
|
-
|
1221
|
-
JDIMENSION output_width Actual dimensions of output image.
|
1222
|
-
JDIMENSION output_height
|
1223
|
-
int out_color_components Number of color components in out_color_space.
|
1224
|
-
int output_components Number of color components returned.
|
1225
|
-
int rec_outbuf_height Recommended height of scanline buffer.
|
1226
|
-
|
1227
|
-
When quantizing colors, output_components is 1, indicating a single color map
|
1228
|
-
index per pixel. Otherwise it equals out_color_components. The output arrays
|
1229
|
-
are required to be output_width * output_components JSAMPLEs wide.
|
1230
|
-
|
1231
|
-
rec_outbuf_height is the recommended minimum height (in scanlines) of the
|
1232
|
-
buffer passed to jpeg_read_scanlines(). If the buffer is smaller, the
|
1233
|
-
library will still work, but time will be wasted due to unnecessary data
|
1234
|
-
copying. In high-quality modes, rec_outbuf_height is always 1, but some
|
1235
|
-
faster, lower-quality modes set it to larger values (typically 2 to 4).
|
1236
|
-
If you are going to ask for a high-speed processing mode, you may as well
|
1237
|
-
go to the trouble of honoring rec_outbuf_height so as to avoid data copying.
|
1238
|
-
(An output buffer larger than rec_outbuf_height lines is OK, but won't
|
1239
|
-
provide any material speed improvement over that height.)
|
1240
|
-
|
1241
|
-
|
1242
|
-
Special color spaces
|
1243
|
-
--------------------
|
1244
|
-
|
1245
|
-
The JPEG standard itself is "color blind" and doesn't specify any particular
|
1246
|
-
color space. It is customary to convert color data to a luminance/chrominance
|
1247
|
-
color space before compressing, since this permits greater compression. The
|
1248
|
-
existing de-facto JPEG file format standards specify YCbCr or grayscale data
|
1249
|
-
(JFIF), or grayscale, RGB, YCbCr, CMYK, or YCCK (Adobe). For special
|
1250
|
-
applications such as multispectral images, other color spaces can be used,
|
1251
|
-
but it must be understood that such files will be unportable.
|
1252
|
-
|
1253
|
-
The JPEG library can handle the most common colorspace conversions (namely
|
1254
|
-
RGB <=> YCbCr and CMYK <=> YCCK). It can also deal with data of an unknown
|
1255
|
-
color space, passing it through without conversion. If you deal extensively
|
1256
|
-
with an unusual color space, you can easily extend the library to understand
|
1257
|
-
additional color spaces and perform appropriate conversions.
|
1258
|
-
|
1259
|
-
For compression, the source data's color space is specified by field
|
1260
|
-
in_color_space. This is transformed to the JPEG file's color space given
|
1261
|
-
by jpeg_color_space. jpeg_set_defaults() chooses a reasonable JPEG color
|
1262
|
-
space depending on in_color_space, but you can override this by calling
|
1263
|
-
jpeg_set_colorspace(). Of course you must select a supported transformation.
|
1264
|
-
jccolor.c currently supports the following transformations:
|
1265
|
-
RGB => YCbCr
|
1266
|
-
RGB => GRAYSCALE
|
1267
|
-
YCbCr => GRAYSCALE
|
1268
|
-
CMYK => YCCK
|
1269
|
-
plus the null transforms: GRAYSCALE => GRAYSCALE, RGB => RGB,
|
1270
|
-
YCbCr => YCbCr, CMYK => CMYK, YCCK => YCCK, and UNKNOWN => UNKNOWN.
|
1271
|
-
|
1272
|
-
The de-facto file format standards (JFIF and Adobe) specify APPn markers that
|
1273
|
-
indicate the color space of the JPEG file. It is important to ensure that
|
1274
|
-
these are written correctly, or omitted if the JPEG file's color space is not
|
1275
|
-
one of the ones supported by the de-facto standards. jpeg_set_colorspace()
|
1276
|
-
will set the compression parameters to include or omit the APPn markers
|
1277
|
-
properly, so long as it is told the truth about the JPEG color space.
|
1278
|
-
For example, if you are writing some random 3-component color space without
|
1279
|
-
conversion, don't try to fake out the library by setting in_color_space and
|
1280
|
-
jpeg_color_space to JCS_YCbCr; use JCS_UNKNOWN. You may want to write an
|
1281
|
-
APPn marker of your own devising to identify the colorspace --- see "Special
|
1282
|
-
markers", below.
|
1283
|
-
|
1284
|
-
When told that the color space is UNKNOWN, the library will default to using
|
1285
|
-
luminance-quality compression parameters for all color components. You may
|
1286
|
-
well want to change these parameters. See the source code for
|
1287
|
-
jpeg_set_colorspace(), in jcparam.c, for details.
|
1288
|
-
|
1289
|
-
For decompression, the JPEG file's color space is given in jpeg_color_space,
|
1290
|
-
and this is transformed to the output color space out_color_space.
|
1291
|
-
jpeg_read_header's setting of jpeg_color_space can be relied on if the file
|
1292
|
-
conforms to JFIF or Adobe conventions, but otherwise it is no better than a
|
1293
|
-
guess. If you know the JPEG file's color space for certain, you can override
|
1294
|
-
jpeg_read_header's guess by setting jpeg_color_space. jpeg_read_header also
|
1295
|
-
selects a default output color space based on (its guess of) jpeg_color_space;
|
1296
|
-
set out_color_space to override this. Again, you must select a supported
|
1297
|
-
transformation. jdcolor.c currently supports
|
1298
|
-
YCbCr => GRAYSCALE
|
1299
|
-
YCbCr => RGB
|
1300
|
-
GRAYSCALE => RGB
|
1301
|
-
YCCK => CMYK
|
1302
|
-
as well as the null transforms. (Since GRAYSCALE=>RGB is provided, an
|
1303
|
-
application can force grayscale JPEGs to look like color JPEGs if it only
|
1304
|
-
wants to handle one case.)
|
1305
|
-
|
1306
|
-
The two-pass color quantizer, jquant2.c, is specialized to handle RGB data
|
1307
|
-
(it weights distances appropriately for RGB colors). You'll need to modify
|
1308
|
-
the code if you want to use it for non-RGB output color spaces. Note that
|
1309
|
-
jquant2.c is used to map to an application-supplied colormap as well as for
|
1310
|
-
the normal two-pass colormap selection process.
|
1311
|
-
|
1312
|
-
CAUTION: it appears that Adobe Photoshop writes inverted data in CMYK JPEG
|
1313
|
-
files: 0 represents 100% ink coverage, rather than 0% ink as you'd expect.
|
1314
|
-
This is arguably a bug in Photoshop, but if you need to work with Photoshop
|
1315
|
-
CMYK files, you will have to deal with it in your application. We cannot
|
1316
|
-
"fix" this in the library by inverting the data during the CMYK<=>YCCK
|
1317
|
-
transform, because that would break other applications, notably Ghostscript.
|
1318
|
-
Photoshop versions prior to 3.0 write EPS files containing JPEG-encoded CMYK
|
1319
|
-
data in the same inverted-YCCK representation used in bare JPEG files, but
|
1320
|
-
the surrounding PostScript code performs an inversion using the PS image
|
1321
|
-
operator. I am told that Photoshop 3.0 will write uninverted YCCK in
|
1322
|
-
EPS/JPEG files, and will omit the PS-level inversion. (But the data
|
1323
|
-
polarity used in bare JPEG files will not change in 3.0.) In either case,
|
1324
|
-
the JPEG library must not invert the data itself, or else Ghostscript would
|
1325
|
-
read these EPS files incorrectly.
|
1326
|
-
|
1327
|
-
|
1328
|
-
Error handling
|
1329
|
-
--------------
|
1330
|
-
|
1331
|
-
When the default error handler is used, any error detected inside the JPEG
|
1332
|
-
routines will cause a message to be printed on stderr, followed by exit().
|
1333
|
-
You can supply your own error handling routines to override this behavior
|
1334
|
-
and to control the treatment of nonfatal warnings and trace/debug messages.
|
1335
|
-
The file example.c illustrates the most common case, which is to have the
|
1336
|
-
application regain control after an error rather than exiting.
|
1337
|
-
|
1338
|
-
The JPEG library never writes any message directly; it always goes through
|
1339
|
-
the error handling routines. Three classes of messages are recognized:
|
1340
|
-
* Fatal errors: the library cannot continue.
|
1341
|
-
* Warnings: the library can continue, but the data is corrupt, and a
|
1342
|
-
damaged output image is likely to result.
|
1343
|
-
* Trace/informational messages. These come with a trace level indicating
|
1344
|
-
the importance of the message; you can control the verbosity of the
|
1345
|
-
program by adjusting the maximum trace level that will be displayed.
|
1346
|
-
|
1347
|
-
You may, if you wish, simply replace the entire JPEG error handling module
|
1348
|
-
(jerror.c) with your own code. However, you can avoid code duplication by
|
1349
|
-
only replacing some of the routines depending on the behavior you need.
|
1350
|
-
This is accomplished by calling jpeg_std_error() as usual, but then overriding
|
1351
|
-
some of the method pointers in the jpeg_error_mgr struct, as illustrated by
|
1352
|
-
example.c.
|
1353
|
-
|
1354
|
-
All of the error handling routines will receive a pointer to the JPEG object
|
1355
|
-
(a j_common_ptr which points to either a jpeg_compress_struct or a
|
1356
|
-
jpeg_decompress_struct; if you need to tell which, test the is_decompressor
|
1357
|
-
field). This struct includes a pointer to the error manager struct in its
|
1358
|
-
"err" field. Frequently, custom error handler routines will need to access
|
1359
|
-
additional data which is not known to the JPEG library or the standard error
|
1360
|
-
handler. The most convenient way to do this is to embed either the JPEG
|
1361
|
-
object or the jpeg_error_mgr struct in a larger structure that contains
|
1362
|
-
additional fields; then casting the passed pointer provides access to the
|
1363
|
-
additional fields. Again, see example.c for one way to do it. (Beginning
|
1364
|
-
with IJG version 6b, there is also a void pointer "client_data" in each
|
1365
|
-
JPEG object, which the application can also use to find related data.
|
1366
|
-
The library does not touch client_data at all.)
|
1367
|
-
|
1368
|
-
The individual methods that you might wish to override are:
|
1369
|
-
|
1370
|
-
error_exit (j_common_ptr cinfo)
|
1371
|
-
Receives control for a fatal error. Information sufficient to
|
1372
|
-
generate the error message has been stored in cinfo->err; call
|
1373
|
-
output_message to display it. Control must NOT return to the caller;
|
1374
|
-
generally this routine will exit() or longjmp() somewhere.
|
1375
|
-
Typically you would override this routine to get rid of the exit()
|
1376
|
-
default behavior. Note that if you continue processing, you should
|
1377
|
-
clean up the JPEG object with jpeg_abort() or jpeg_destroy().
|
1378
|
-
|
1379
|
-
output_message (j_common_ptr cinfo)
|
1380
|
-
Actual output of any JPEG message. Override this to send messages
|
1381
|
-
somewhere other than stderr. Note that this method does not know
|
1382
|
-
how to generate a message, only where to send it.
|
1383
|
-
|
1384
|
-
format_message (j_common_ptr cinfo, char * buffer)
|
1385
|
-
Constructs a readable error message string based on the error info
|
1386
|
-
stored in cinfo->err. This method is called by output_message. Few
|
1387
|
-
applications should need to override this method. One possible
|
1388
|
-
reason for doing so is to implement dynamic switching of error message
|
1389
|
-
language.
|
1390
|
-
|
1391
|
-
emit_message (j_common_ptr cinfo, int msg_level)
|
1392
|
-
Decide whether or not to emit a warning or trace message; if so,
|
1393
|
-
calls output_message. The main reason for overriding this method
|
1394
|
-
would be to abort on warnings. msg_level is -1 for warnings,
|
1395
|
-
0 and up for trace messages.
|
1396
|
-
|
1397
|
-
Only error_exit() and emit_message() are called from the rest of the JPEG
|
1398
|
-
library; the other two are internal to the error handler.
|
1399
|
-
|
1400
|
-
The actual message texts are stored in an array of strings which is pointed to
|
1401
|
-
by the field err->jpeg_message_table. The messages are numbered from 0 to
|
1402
|
-
err->last_jpeg_message, and it is these code numbers that are used in the
|
1403
|
-
JPEG library code. You could replace the message texts (for instance, with
|
1404
|
-
messages in French or German) by changing the message table pointer. See
|
1405
|
-
jerror.h for the default texts. CAUTION: this table will almost certainly
|
1406
|
-
change or grow from one library version to the next.
|
1407
|
-
|
1408
|
-
It may be useful for an application to add its own message texts that are
|
1409
|
-
handled by the same mechanism. The error handler supports a second "add-on"
|
1410
|
-
message table for this purpose. To define an addon table, set the pointer
|
1411
|
-
err->addon_message_table and the message numbers err->first_addon_message and
|
1412
|
-
err->last_addon_message. If you number the addon messages beginning at 1000
|
1413
|
-
or so, you won't have to worry about conflicts with the library's built-in
|
1414
|
-
messages. See the sample applications cjpeg/djpeg for an example of using
|
1415
|
-
addon messages (the addon messages are defined in cderror.h).
|
1416
|
-
|
1417
|
-
Actual invocation of the error handler is done via macros defined in jerror.h:
|
1418
|
-
ERREXITn(...) for fatal errors
|
1419
|
-
WARNMSn(...) for corrupt-data warnings
|
1420
|
-
TRACEMSn(...) for trace and informational messages.
|
1421
|
-
These macros store the message code and any additional parameters into the
|
1422
|
-
error handler struct, then invoke the error_exit() or emit_message() method.
|
1423
|
-
The variants of each macro are for varying numbers of additional parameters.
|
1424
|
-
The additional parameters are inserted into the generated message using
|
1425
|
-
standard printf() format codes.
|
1426
|
-
|
1427
|
-
See jerror.h and jerror.c for further details.
|
1428
|
-
|
1429
|
-
|
1430
|
-
Compressed data handling (source and destination managers)
|
1431
|
-
----------------------------------------------------------
|
1432
|
-
|
1433
|
-
The JPEG compression library sends its compressed data to a "destination
|
1434
|
-
manager" module. The default destination manager just writes the data to a
|
1435
|
-
stdio stream, but you can provide your own manager to do something else.
|
1436
|
-
Similarly, the decompression library calls a "source manager" to obtain the
|
1437
|
-
compressed data; you can provide your own source manager if you want the data
|
1438
|
-
to come from somewhere other than a stdio stream.
|
1439
|
-
|
1440
|
-
In both cases, compressed data is processed a bufferload at a time: the
|
1441
|
-
destination or source manager provides a work buffer, and the library invokes
|
1442
|
-
the manager only when the buffer is filled or emptied. (You could define a
|
1443
|
-
one-character buffer to force the manager to be invoked for each byte, but
|
1444
|
-
that would be rather inefficient.) The buffer's size and location are
|
1445
|
-
controlled by the manager, not by the library. For example, if you desired to
|
1446
|
-
decompress a JPEG datastream that was all in memory, you could just make the
|
1447
|
-
buffer pointer and length point to the original data in memory. Then the
|
1448
|
-
buffer-reload procedure would be invoked only if the decompressor ran off the
|
1449
|
-
end of the datastream, which would indicate an erroneous datastream.
|
1450
|
-
|
1451
|
-
The work buffer is defined as an array of datatype JOCTET, which is generally
|
1452
|
-
"char" or "unsigned char". On a machine where char is not exactly 8 bits
|
1453
|
-
wide, you must define JOCTET as a wider data type and then modify the data
|
1454
|
-
source and destination modules to transcribe the work arrays into 8-bit units
|
1455
|
-
on external storage.
|
1456
|
-
|
1457
|
-
A data destination manager struct contains a pointer and count defining the
|
1458
|
-
next byte to write in the work buffer and the remaining free space:
|
1459
|
-
|
1460
|
-
JOCTET * next_output_byte; /* => next byte to write in buffer */
|
1461
|
-
size_t free_in_buffer; /* # of byte spaces remaining in buffer */
|
1462
|
-
|
1463
|
-
The library increments the pointer and decrements the count until the buffer
|
1464
|
-
is filled. The manager's empty_output_buffer method must reset the pointer
|
1465
|
-
and count. The manager is expected to remember the buffer's starting address
|
1466
|
-
and total size in private fields not visible to the library.
|
1467
|
-
|
1468
|
-
A data destination manager provides three methods:
|
1469
|
-
|
1470
|
-
init_destination (j_compress_ptr cinfo)
|
1471
|
-
Initialize destination. This is called by jpeg_start_compress()
|
1472
|
-
before any data is actually written. It must initialize
|
1473
|
-
next_output_byte and free_in_buffer. free_in_buffer must be
|
1474
|
-
initialized to a positive value.
|
1475
|
-
|
1476
|
-
empty_output_buffer (j_compress_ptr cinfo)
|
1477
|
-
This is called whenever the buffer has filled (free_in_buffer
|
1478
|
-
reaches zero). In typical applications, it should write out the
|
1479
|
-
*entire* buffer (use the saved start address and buffer length;
|
1480
|
-
ignore the current state of next_output_byte and free_in_buffer).
|
1481
|
-
Then reset the pointer & count to the start of the buffer, and
|
1482
|
-
return TRUE indicating that the buffer has been dumped.
|
1483
|
-
free_in_buffer must be set to a positive value when TRUE is
|
1484
|
-
returned. A FALSE return should only be used when I/O suspension is
|
1485
|
-
desired (this operating mode is discussed in the next section).
|
1486
|
-
|
1487
|
-
term_destination (j_compress_ptr cinfo)
|
1488
|
-
Terminate destination --- called by jpeg_finish_compress() after all
|
1489
|
-
data has been written. In most applications, this must flush any
|
1490
|
-
data remaining in the buffer. Use either next_output_byte or
|
1491
|
-
free_in_buffer to determine how much data is in the buffer.
|
1492
|
-
|
1493
|
-
term_destination() is NOT called by jpeg_abort() or jpeg_destroy(). If you
|
1494
|
-
want the destination manager to be cleaned up during an abort, you must do it
|
1495
|
-
yourself.
|
1496
|
-
|
1497
|
-
You will also need code to create a jpeg_destination_mgr struct, fill in its
|
1498
|
-
method pointers, and insert a pointer to the struct into the "dest" field of
|
1499
|
-
the JPEG compression object. This can be done in-line in your setup code if
|
1500
|
-
you like, but it's probably cleaner to provide a separate routine similar to
|
1501
|
-
the jpeg_stdio_dest() routine of the supplied destination manager.
|
1502
|
-
|
1503
|
-
Decompression source managers follow a parallel design, but with some
|
1504
|
-
additional frammishes. The source manager struct contains a pointer and count
|
1505
|
-
defining the next byte to read from the work buffer and the number of bytes
|
1506
|
-
remaining:
|
1507
|
-
|
1508
|
-
const JOCTET * next_input_byte; /* => next byte to read from buffer */
|
1509
|
-
size_t bytes_in_buffer; /* # of bytes remaining in buffer */
|
1510
|
-
|
1511
|
-
The library increments the pointer and decrements the count until the buffer
|
1512
|
-
is emptied. The manager's fill_input_buffer method must reset the pointer and
|
1513
|
-
count. In most applications, the manager must remember the buffer's starting
|
1514
|
-
address and total size in private fields not visible to the library.
|
1515
|
-
|
1516
|
-
A data source manager provides five methods:
|
1517
|
-
|
1518
|
-
init_source (j_decompress_ptr cinfo)
|
1519
|
-
Initialize source. This is called by jpeg_read_header() before any
|
1520
|
-
data is actually read. Unlike init_destination(), it may leave
|
1521
|
-
bytes_in_buffer set to 0 (in which case a fill_input_buffer() call
|
1522
|
-
will occur immediately).
|
1523
|
-
|
1524
|
-
fill_input_buffer (j_decompress_ptr cinfo)
|
1525
|
-
This is called whenever bytes_in_buffer has reached zero and more
|
1526
|
-
data is wanted. In typical applications, it should read fresh data
|
1527
|
-
into the buffer (ignoring the current state of next_input_byte and
|
1528
|
-
bytes_in_buffer), reset the pointer & count to the start of the
|
1529
|
-
buffer, and return TRUE indicating that the buffer has been reloaded.
|
1530
|
-
It is not necessary to fill the buffer entirely, only to obtain at
|
1531
|
-
least one more byte. bytes_in_buffer MUST be set to a positive value
|
1532
|
-
if TRUE is returned. A FALSE return should only be used when I/O
|
1533
|
-
suspension is desired (this mode is discussed in the next section).
|
1534
|
-
|
1535
|
-
skip_input_data (j_decompress_ptr cinfo, long num_bytes)
|
1536
|
-
Skip num_bytes worth of data. The buffer pointer and count should
|
1537
|
-
be advanced over num_bytes input bytes, refilling the buffer as
|
1538
|
-
needed. This is used to skip over a potentially large amount of
|
1539
|
-
uninteresting data (such as an APPn marker). In some applications
|
1540
|
-
it may be possible to optimize away the reading of the skipped data,
|
1541
|
-
but it's not clear that being smart is worth much trouble; large
|
1542
|
-
skips are uncommon. bytes_in_buffer may be zero on return.
|
1543
|
-
A zero or negative skip count should be treated as a no-op.
|
1544
|
-
|
1545
|
-
resync_to_restart (j_decompress_ptr cinfo, int desired)
|
1546
|
-
This routine is called only when the decompressor has failed to find
|
1547
|
-
a restart (RSTn) marker where one is expected. Its mission is to
|
1548
|
-
find a suitable point for resuming decompression. For most
|
1549
|
-
applications, we recommend that you just use the default resync
|
1550
|
-
procedure, jpeg_resync_to_restart(). However, if you are able to back
|
1551
|
-
up in the input data stream, or if you have a-priori knowledge about
|
1552
|
-
the likely location of restart markers, you may be able to do better.
|
1553
|
-
Read the read_restart_marker() and jpeg_resync_to_restart() routines
|
1554
|
-
in jdmarker.c if you think you'd like to implement your own resync
|
1555
|
-
procedure.
|
1556
|
-
|
1557
|
-
term_source (j_decompress_ptr cinfo)
|
1558
|
-
Terminate source --- called by jpeg_finish_decompress() after all
|
1559
|
-
data has been read. Often a no-op.
|
1560
|
-
|
1561
|
-
For both fill_input_buffer() and skip_input_data(), there is no such thing
|
1562
|
-
as an EOF return. If the end of the file has been reached, the routine has
|
1563
|
-
a choice of exiting via ERREXIT() or inserting fake data into the buffer.
|
1564
|
-
In most cases, generating a warning message and inserting a fake EOI marker
|
1565
|
-
is the best course of action --- this will allow the decompressor to output
|
1566
|
-
however much of the image is there. In pathological cases, the decompressor
|
1567
|
-
may swallow the EOI and again demand data ... just keep feeding it fake EOIs.
|
1568
|
-
jdatasrc.c illustrates the recommended error recovery behavior.
|
1569
|
-
|
1570
|
-
term_source() is NOT called by jpeg_abort() or jpeg_destroy(). If you want
|
1571
|
-
the source manager to be cleaned up during an abort, you must do it yourself.
|
1572
|
-
|
1573
|
-
You will also need code to create a jpeg_source_mgr struct, fill in its method
|
1574
|
-
pointers, and insert a pointer to the struct into the "src" field of the JPEG
|
1575
|
-
decompression object. This can be done in-line in your setup code if you
|
1576
|
-
like, but it's probably cleaner to provide a separate routine similar to the
|
1577
|
-
jpeg_stdio_src() routine of the supplied source manager.
|
1578
|
-
|
1579
|
-
For more information, consult the stdio source and destination managers
|
1580
|
-
in jdatasrc.c and jdatadst.c.
|
1581
|
-
|
1582
|
-
|
1583
|
-
I/O suspension
|
1584
|
-
--------------
|
1585
|
-
|
1586
|
-
Some applications need to use the JPEG library as an incremental memory-to-
|
1587
|
-
memory filter: when the compressed data buffer is filled or emptied, they want
|
1588
|
-
control to return to the outer loop, rather than expecting that the buffer can
|
1589
|
-
be emptied or reloaded within the data source/destination manager subroutine.
|
1590
|
-
The library supports this need by providing an "I/O suspension" mode, which we
|
1591
|
-
describe in this section.
|
1592
|
-
|
1593
|
-
The I/O suspension mode is not a panacea: nothing is guaranteed about the
|
1594
|
-
maximum amount of time spent in any one call to the library, so it will not
|
1595
|
-
eliminate response-time problems in single-threaded applications. If you
|
1596
|
-
need guaranteed response time, we suggest you "bite the bullet" and implement
|
1597
|
-
a real multi-tasking capability.
|
1598
|
-
|
1599
|
-
To use I/O suspension, cooperation is needed between the calling application
|
1600
|
-
and the data source or destination manager; you will always need a custom
|
1601
|
-
source/destination manager. (Please read the previous section if you haven't
|
1602
|
-
already.) The basic idea is that the empty_output_buffer() or
|
1603
|
-
fill_input_buffer() routine is a no-op, merely returning FALSE to indicate
|
1604
|
-
that it has done nothing. Upon seeing this, the JPEG library suspends
|
1605
|
-
operation and returns to its caller. The surrounding application is
|
1606
|
-
responsible for emptying or refilling the work buffer before calling the
|
1607
|
-
JPEG library again.
|
1608
|
-
|
1609
|
-
Compression suspension:
|
1610
|
-
|
1611
|
-
For compression suspension, use an empty_output_buffer() routine that returns
|
1612
|
-
FALSE; typically it will not do anything else. This will cause the
|
1613
|
-
compressor to return to the caller of jpeg_write_scanlines(), with the return
|
1614
|
-
value indicating that not all the supplied scanlines have been accepted.
|
1615
|
-
The application must make more room in the output buffer, adjust the output
|
1616
|
-
buffer pointer/count appropriately, and then call jpeg_write_scanlines()
|
1617
|
-
again, pointing to the first unconsumed scanline.
|
1618
|
-
|
1619
|
-
When forced to suspend, the compressor will backtrack to a convenient stopping
|
1620
|
-
point (usually the start of the current MCU); it will regenerate some output
|
1621
|
-
data when restarted. Therefore, although empty_output_buffer() is only
|
1622
|
-
called when the buffer is filled, you should NOT write out the entire buffer
|
1623
|
-
after a suspension. Write only the data up to the current position of
|
1624
|
-
next_output_byte/free_in_buffer. The data beyond that point will be
|
1625
|
-
regenerated after resumption.
|
1626
|
-
|
1627
|
-
Because of the backtracking behavior, a good-size output buffer is essential
|
1628
|
-
for efficiency; you don't want the compressor to suspend often. (In fact, an
|
1629
|
-
overly small buffer could lead to infinite looping, if a single MCU required
|
1630
|
-
more data than would fit in the buffer.) We recommend a buffer of at least
|
1631
|
-
several Kbytes. You may want to insert explicit code to ensure that you don't
|
1632
|
-
call jpeg_write_scanlines() unless there is a reasonable amount of space in
|
1633
|
-
the output buffer; in other words, flush the buffer before trying to compress
|
1634
|
-
more data.
|
1635
|
-
|
1636
|
-
The compressor does not allow suspension while it is trying to write JPEG
|
1637
|
-
markers at the beginning and end of the file. This means that:
|
1638
|
-
* At the beginning of a compression operation, there must be enough free
|
1639
|
-
space in the output buffer to hold the header markers (typically 600 or
|
1640
|
-
so bytes). The recommended buffer size is bigger than this anyway, so
|
1641
|
-
this is not a problem as long as you start with an empty buffer. However,
|
1642
|
-
this restriction might catch you if you insert large special markers, such
|
1643
|
-
as a JFIF thumbnail image, without flushing the buffer afterwards.
|
1644
|
-
* When you call jpeg_finish_compress(), there must be enough space in the
|
1645
|
-
output buffer to emit any buffered data and the final EOI marker. In the
|
1646
|
-
current implementation, half a dozen bytes should suffice for this, but
|
1647
|
-
for safety's sake we recommend ensuring that at least 100 bytes are free
|
1648
|
-
before calling jpeg_finish_compress().
|
1649
|
-
|
1650
|
-
A more significant restriction is that jpeg_finish_compress() cannot suspend.
|
1651
|
-
This means you cannot use suspension with multi-pass operating modes, namely
|
1652
|
-
Huffman code optimization and multiple-scan output. Those modes write the
|
1653
|
-
whole file during jpeg_finish_compress(), which will certainly result in
|
1654
|
-
buffer overrun. (Note that this restriction applies only to compression,
|
1655
|
-
not decompression. The decompressor supports input suspension in all of its
|
1656
|
-
operating modes.)
|
1657
|
-
|
1658
|
-
Decompression suspension:
|
1659
|
-
|
1660
|
-
For decompression suspension, use a fill_input_buffer() routine that simply
|
1661
|
-
returns FALSE (except perhaps during error recovery, as discussed below).
|
1662
|
-
This will cause the decompressor to return to its caller with an indication
|
1663
|
-
that suspension has occurred. This can happen at four places:
|
1664
|
-
* jpeg_read_header(): will return JPEG_SUSPENDED.
|
1665
|
-
* jpeg_start_decompress(): will return FALSE, rather than its usual TRUE.
|
1666
|
-
* jpeg_read_scanlines(): will return the number of scanlines already
|
1667
|
-
completed (possibly 0).
|
1668
|
-
* jpeg_finish_decompress(): will return FALSE, rather than its usual TRUE.
|
1669
|
-
The surrounding application must recognize these cases, load more data into
|
1670
|
-
the input buffer, and repeat the call. In the case of jpeg_read_scanlines(),
|
1671
|
-
increment the passed pointers past any scanlines successfully read.
|
1672
|
-
|
1673
|
-
Just as with compression, the decompressor will typically backtrack to a
|
1674
|
-
convenient restart point before suspending. When fill_input_buffer() is
|
1675
|
-
called, next_input_byte/bytes_in_buffer point to the current restart point,
|
1676
|
-
which is where the decompressor will backtrack to if FALSE is returned.
|
1677
|
-
The data beyond that position must NOT be discarded if you suspend; it needs
|
1678
|
-
to be re-read upon resumption. In most implementations, you'll need to shift
|
1679
|
-
this data down to the start of your work buffer and then load more data after
|
1680
|
-
it. Again, this behavior means that a several-Kbyte work buffer is essential
|
1681
|
-
for decent performance; furthermore, you should load a reasonable amount of
|
1682
|
-
new data before resuming decompression. (If you loaded, say, only one new
|
1683
|
-
byte each time around, you could waste a LOT of cycles.)
|
1684
|
-
|
1685
|
-
The skip_input_data() source manager routine requires special care in a
|
1686
|
-
suspension scenario. This routine is NOT granted the ability to suspend the
|
1687
|
-
decompressor; it can decrement bytes_in_buffer to zero, but no more. If the
|
1688
|
-
requested skip distance exceeds the amount of data currently in the input
|
1689
|
-
buffer, then skip_input_data() must set bytes_in_buffer to zero and record the
|
1690
|
-
additional skip distance somewhere else. The decompressor will immediately
|
1691
|
-
call fill_input_buffer(), which should return FALSE, which will cause a
|
1692
|
-
suspension return. The surrounding application must then arrange to discard
|
1693
|
-
the recorded number of bytes before it resumes loading the input buffer.
|
1694
|
-
(Yes, this design is rather baroque, but it avoids complexity in the far more
|
1695
|
-
common case where a non-suspending source manager is used.)
|
1696
|
-
|
1697
|
-
If the input data has been exhausted, we recommend that you emit a warning
|
1698
|
-
and insert dummy EOI markers just as a non-suspending data source manager
|
1699
|
-
would do. This can be handled either in the surrounding application logic or
|
1700
|
-
within fill_input_buffer(); the latter is probably more efficient. If
|
1701
|
-
fill_input_buffer() knows that no more data is available, it can set the
|
1702
|
-
pointer/count to point to a dummy EOI marker and then return TRUE just as
|
1703
|
-
though it had read more data in a non-suspending situation.
|
1704
|
-
|
1705
|
-
The decompressor does not attempt to suspend within standard JPEG markers;
|
1706
|
-
instead it will backtrack to the start of the marker and reprocess the whole
|
1707
|
-
marker next time. Hence the input buffer must be large enough to hold the
|
1708
|
-
longest standard marker in the file. Standard JPEG markers should normally
|
1709
|
-
not exceed a few hundred bytes each (DHT tables are typically the longest).
|
1710
|
-
We recommend at least a 2K buffer for performance reasons, which is much
|
1711
|
-
larger than any correct marker is likely to be. For robustness against
|
1712
|
-
damaged marker length counts, you may wish to insert a test in your
|
1713
|
-
application for the case that the input buffer is completely full and yet
|
1714
|
-
the decoder has suspended without consuming any data --- otherwise, if this
|
1715
|
-
situation did occur, it would lead to an endless loop. (The library can't
|
1716
|
-
provide this test since it has no idea whether "the buffer is full", or
|
1717
|
-
even whether there is a fixed-size input buffer.)
|
1718
|
-
|
1719
|
-
The input buffer would need to be 64K to allow for arbitrary COM or APPn
|
1720
|
-
markers, but these are handled specially: they are either saved into allocated
|
1721
|
-
memory, or skipped over by calling skip_input_data(). In the former case,
|
1722
|
-
suspension is handled correctly, and in the latter case, the problem of
|
1723
|
-
buffer overrun is placed on skip_input_data's shoulders, as explained above.
|
1724
|
-
Note that if you provide your own marker handling routine for large markers,
|
1725
|
-
you should consider how to deal with buffer overflow.
|
1726
|
-
|
1727
|
-
Multiple-buffer management:
|
1728
|
-
|
1729
|
-
In some applications it is desirable to store the compressed data in a linked
|
1730
|
-
list of buffer areas, so as to avoid data copying. This can be handled by
|
1731
|
-
having empty_output_buffer() or fill_input_buffer() set the pointer and count
|
1732
|
-
to reference the next available buffer; FALSE is returned only if no more
|
1733
|
-
buffers are available. Although seemingly straightforward, there is a
|
1734
|
-
pitfall in this approach: the backtrack that occurs when FALSE is returned
|
1735
|
-
could back up into an earlier buffer. For example, when fill_input_buffer()
|
1736
|
-
is called, the current pointer & count indicate the backtrack restart point.
|
1737
|
-
Since fill_input_buffer() will set the pointer and count to refer to a new
|
1738
|
-
buffer, the restart position must be saved somewhere else. Suppose a second
|
1739
|
-
call to fill_input_buffer() occurs in the same library call, and no
|
1740
|
-
additional input data is available, so fill_input_buffer must return FALSE.
|
1741
|
-
If the JPEG library has not moved the pointer/count forward in the current
|
1742
|
-
buffer, then *the correct restart point is the saved position in the prior
|
1743
|
-
buffer*. Prior buffers may be discarded only after the library establishes
|
1744
|
-
a restart point within a later buffer. Similar remarks apply for output into
|
1745
|
-
a chain of buffers.
|
1746
|
-
|
1747
|
-
The library will never attempt to backtrack over a skip_input_data() call,
|
1748
|
-
so any skipped data can be permanently discarded. You still have to deal
|
1749
|
-
with the case of skipping not-yet-received data, however.
|
1750
|
-
|
1751
|
-
It's much simpler to use only a single buffer; when fill_input_buffer() is
|
1752
|
-
called, move any unconsumed data (beyond the current pointer/count) down to
|
1753
|
-
the beginning of this buffer and then load new data into the remaining buffer
|
1754
|
-
space. This approach requires a little more data copying but is far easier
|
1755
|
-
to get right.
|
1756
|
-
|
1757
|
-
|
1758
|
-
Progressive JPEG support
|
1759
|
-
------------------------
|
1760
|
-
|
1761
|
-
Progressive JPEG rearranges the stored data into a series of scans of
|
1762
|
-
increasing quality. In situations where a JPEG file is transmitted across a
|
1763
|
-
slow communications link, a decoder can generate a low-quality image very
|
1764
|
-
quickly from the first scan, then gradually improve the displayed quality as
|
1765
|
-
more scans are received. The final image after all scans are complete is
|
1766
|
-
identical to that of a regular (sequential) JPEG file of the same quality
|
1767
|
-
setting. Progressive JPEG files are often slightly smaller than equivalent
|
1768
|
-
sequential JPEG files, but the possibility of incremental display is the main
|
1769
|
-
reason for using progressive JPEG.
|
1770
|
-
|
1771
|
-
The IJG encoder library generates progressive JPEG files when given a
|
1772
|
-
suitable "scan script" defining how to divide the data into scans.
|
1773
|
-
Creation of progressive JPEG files is otherwise transparent to the encoder.
|
1774
|
-
Progressive JPEG files can also be read transparently by the decoder library.
|
1775
|
-
If the decoding application simply uses the library as defined above, it
|
1776
|
-
will receive a final decoded image without any indication that the file was
|
1777
|
-
progressive. Of course, this approach does not allow incremental display.
|
1778
|
-
To perform incremental display, an application needs to use the decoder
|
1779
|
-
library's "buffered-image" mode, in which it receives a decoded image
|
1780
|
-
multiple times.
|
1781
|
-
|
1782
|
-
Each displayed scan requires about as much work to decode as a full JPEG
|
1783
|
-
image of the same size, so the decoder must be fairly fast in relation to the
|
1784
|
-
data transmission rate in order to make incremental display useful. However,
|
1785
|
-
it is possible to skip displaying the image and simply add the incoming bits
|
1786
|
-
to the decoder's coefficient buffer. This is fast because only Huffman
|
1787
|
-
decoding need be done, not IDCT, upsampling, colorspace conversion, etc.
|
1788
|
-
The IJG decoder library allows the application to switch dynamically between
|
1789
|
-
displaying the image and simply absorbing the incoming bits. A properly
|
1790
|
-
coded application can automatically adapt the number of display passes to
|
1791
|
-
suit the time available as the image is received. Also, a final
|
1792
|
-
higher-quality display cycle can be performed from the buffered data after
|
1793
|
-
the end of the file is reached.
|
1794
|
-
|
1795
|
-
Progressive compression:
|
1796
|
-
|
1797
|
-
To create a progressive JPEG file (or a multiple-scan sequential JPEG file),
|
1798
|
-
set the scan_info cinfo field to point to an array of scan descriptors, and
|
1799
|
-
perform compression as usual. Instead of constructing your own scan list,
|
1800
|
-
you can call the jpeg_simple_progression() helper routine to create a
|
1801
|
-
recommended progression sequence; this method should be used by all
|
1802
|
-
applications that don't want to get involved in the nitty-gritty of
|
1803
|
-
progressive scan sequence design. (If you want to provide user control of
|
1804
|
-
scan sequences, you may wish to borrow the scan script reading code found
|
1805
|
-
in rdswitch.c, so that you can read scan script files just like cjpeg's.)
|
1806
|
-
When scan_info is not NULL, the compression library will store DCT'd data
|
1807
|
-
into a buffer array as jpeg_write_scanlines() is called, and will emit all
|
1808
|
-
the requested scans during jpeg_finish_compress(). This implies that
|
1809
|
-
multiple-scan output cannot be created with a suspending data destination
|
1810
|
-
manager, since jpeg_finish_compress() does not support suspension. We
|
1811
|
-
should also note that the compressor currently forces Huffman optimization
|
1812
|
-
mode when creating a progressive JPEG file, because the default Huffman
|
1813
|
-
tables are unsuitable for progressive files.
|
1814
|
-
|
1815
|
-
Progressive decompression:
|
1816
|
-
|
1817
|
-
When buffered-image mode is not used, the decoder library will read all of
|
1818
|
-
a multi-scan file during jpeg_start_decompress(), so that it can provide a
|
1819
|
-
final decoded image. (Here "multi-scan" means either progressive or
|
1820
|
-
multi-scan sequential.) This makes multi-scan files transparent to the
|
1821
|
-
decoding application. However, existing applications that used suspending
|
1822
|
-
input with version 5 of the IJG library will need to be modified to check
|
1823
|
-
for a suspension return from jpeg_start_decompress().
|
1824
|
-
|
1825
|
-
To perform incremental display, an application must use the library's
|
1826
|
-
buffered-image mode. This is described in the next section.
|
1827
|
-
|
1828
|
-
|
1829
|
-
Buffered-image mode
|
1830
|
-
-------------------
|
1831
|
-
|
1832
|
-
In buffered-image mode, the library stores the partially decoded image in a
|
1833
|
-
coefficient buffer, from which it can be read out as many times as desired.
|
1834
|
-
This mode is typically used for incremental display of progressive JPEG files,
|
1835
|
-
but it can be used with any JPEG file. Each scan of a progressive JPEG file
|
1836
|
-
adds more data (more detail) to the buffered image. The application can
|
1837
|
-
display in lockstep with the source file (one display pass per input scan),
|
1838
|
-
or it can allow input processing to outrun display processing. By making
|
1839
|
-
input and display processing run independently, it is possible for the
|
1840
|
-
application to adapt progressive display to a wide range of data transmission
|
1841
|
-
rates.
|
1842
|
-
|
1843
|
-
The basic control flow for buffered-image decoding is
|
1844
|
-
|
1845
|
-
jpeg_create_decompress()
|
1846
|
-
set data source
|
1847
|
-
jpeg_read_header()
|
1848
|
-
set overall decompression parameters
|
1849
|
-
cinfo.buffered_image = TRUE; /* select buffered-image mode */
|
1850
|
-
jpeg_start_decompress()
|
1851
|
-
for (each output pass) {
|
1852
|
-
adjust output decompression parameters if required
|
1853
|
-
jpeg_start_output() /* start a new output pass */
|
1854
|
-
for (all scanlines in image) {
|
1855
|
-
jpeg_read_scanlines()
|
1856
|
-
display scanlines
|
1857
|
-
}
|
1858
|
-
jpeg_finish_output() /* terminate output pass */
|
1859
|
-
}
|
1860
|
-
jpeg_finish_decompress()
|
1861
|
-
jpeg_destroy_decompress()
|
1862
|
-
|
1863
|
-
This differs from ordinary unbuffered decoding in that there is an additional
|
1864
|
-
level of looping. The application can choose how many output passes to make
|
1865
|
-
and how to display each pass.
|
1866
|
-
|
1867
|
-
The simplest approach to displaying progressive images is to do one display
|
1868
|
-
pass for each scan appearing in the input file. In this case the outer loop
|
1869
|
-
condition is typically
|
1870
|
-
while (! jpeg_input_complete(&cinfo))
|
1871
|
-
and the start-output call should read
|
1872
|
-
jpeg_start_output(&cinfo, cinfo.input_scan_number);
|
1873
|
-
The second parameter to jpeg_start_output() indicates which scan of the input
|
1874
|
-
file is to be displayed; the scans are numbered starting at 1 for this
|
1875
|
-
purpose. (You can use a loop counter starting at 1 if you like, but using
|
1876
|
-
the library's input scan counter is easier.) The library automatically reads
|
1877
|
-
data as necessary to complete each requested scan, and jpeg_finish_output()
|
1878
|
-
advances to the next scan or end-of-image marker (hence input_scan_number
|
1879
|
-
will be incremented by the time control arrives back at jpeg_start_output()).
|
1880
|
-
With this technique, data is read from the input file only as needed, and
|
1881
|
-
input and output processing run in lockstep.
|
1882
|
-
|
1883
|
-
After reading the final scan and reaching the end of the input file, the
|
1884
|
-
buffered image remains available; it can be read additional times by
|
1885
|
-
repeating the jpeg_start_output()/jpeg_read_scanlines()/jpeg_finish_output()
|
1886
|
-
sequence. For example, a useful technique is to use fast one-pass color
|
1887
|
-
quantization for display passes made while the image is arriving, followed by
|
1888
|
-
a final display pass using two-pass quantization for highest quality. This
|
1889
|
-
is done by changing the library parameters before the final output pass.
|
1890
|
-
Changing parameters between passes is discussed in detail below.
|
1891
|
-
|
1892
|
-
In general the last scan of a progressive file cannot be recognized as such
|
1893
|
-
until after it is read, so a post-input display pass is the best approach if
|
1894
|
-
you want special processing in the final pass.
|
1895
|
-
|
1896
|
-
When done with the image, be sure to call jpeg_finish_decompress() to release
|
1897
|
-
the buffered image (or just use jpeg_destroy_decompress()).
|
1898
|
-
|
1899
|
-
If input data arrives faster than it can be displayed, the application can
|
1900
|
-
cause the library to decode input data in advance of what's needed to produce
|
1901
|
-
output. This is done by calling the routine jpeg_consume_input().
|
1902
|
-
The return value is one of the following:
|
1903
|
-
JPEG_REACHED_SOS: reached an SOS marker (the start of a new scan)
|
1904
|
-
JPEG_REACHED_EOI: reached the EOI marker (end of image)
|
1905
|
-
JPEG_ROW_COMPLETED: completed reading one MCU row of compressed data
|
1906
|
-
JPEG_SCAN_COMPLETED: completed reading last MCU row of current scan
|
1907
|
-
JPEG_SUSPENDED: suspended before completing any of the above
|
1908
|
-
(JPEG_SUSPENDED can occur only if a suspending data source is used.) This
|
1909
|
-
routine can be called at any time after initializing the JPEG object. It
|
1910
|
-
reads some additional data and returns when one of the indicated significant
|
1911
|
-
events occurs. (If called after the EOI marker is reached, it will
|
1912
|
-
immediately return JPEG_REACHED_EOI without attempting to read more data.)
|
1913
|
-
|
1914
|
-
The library's output processing will automatically call jpeg_consume_input()
|
1915
|
-
whenever the output processing overtakes the input; thus, simple lockstep
|
1916
|
-
display requires no direct calls to jpeg_consume_input(). But by adding
|
1917
|
-
calls to jpeg_consume_input(), you can absorb data in advance of what is
|
1918
|
-
being displayed. This has two benefits:
|
1919
|
-
* You can limit buildup of unprocessed data in your input buffer.
|
1920
|
-
* You can eliminate extra display passes by paying attention to the
|
1921
|
-
state of the library's input processing.
|
1922
|
-
|
1923
|
-
The first of these benefits only requires interspersing calls to
|
1924
|
-
jpeg_consume_input() with your display operations and any other processing
|
1925
|
-
you may be doing. To avoid wasting cycles due to backtracking, it's best to
|
1926
|
-
call jpeg_consume_input() only after a hundred or so new bytes have arrived.
|
1927
|
-
This is discussed further under "I/O suspension", above. (Note: the JPEG
|
1928
|
-
library currently is not thread-safe. You must not call jpeg_consume_input()
|
1929
|
-
from one thread of control if a different library routine is working on the
|
1930
|
-
same JPEG object in another thread.)
|
1931
|
-
|
1932
|
-
When input arrives fast enough that more than one new scan is available
|
1933
|
-
before you start a new output pass, you may as well skip the output pass
|
1934
|
-
corresponding to the completed scan. This occurs for free if you pass
|
1935
|
-
cinfo.input_scan_number as the target scan number to jpeg_start_output().
|
1936
|
-
The input_scan_number field is simply the index of the scan currently being
|
1937
|
-
consumed by the input processor. You can ensure that this is up-to-date by
|
1938
|
-
emptying the input buffer just before calling jpeg_start_output(): call
|
1939
|
-
jpeg_consume_input() repeatedly until it returns JPEG_SUSPENDED or
|
1940
|
-
JPEG_REACHED_EOI.
|
1941
|
-
|
1942
|
-
The target scan number passed to jpeg_start_output() is saved in the
|
1943
|
-
cinfo.output_scan_number field. The library's output processing calls
|
1944
|
-
jpeg_consume_input() whenever the current input scan number and row within
|
1945
|
-
that scan is less than or equal to the current output scan number and row.
|
1946
|
-
Thus, input processing can "get ahead" of the output processing but is not
|
1947
|
-
allowed to "fall behind". You can achieve several different effects by
|
1948
|
-
manipulating this interlock rule. For example, if you pass a target scan
|
1949
|
-
number greater than the current input scan number, the output processor will
|
1950
|
-
wait until that scan starts to arrive before producing any output. (To avoid
|
1951
|
-
an infinite loop, the target scan number is automatically reset to the last
|
1952
|
-
scan number when the end of image is reached. Thus, if you specify a large
|
1953
|
-
target scan number, the library will just absorb the entire input file and
|
1954
|
-
then perform an output pass. This is effectively the same as what
|
1955
|
-
jpeg_start_decompress() does when you don't select buffered-image mode.)
|
1956
|
-
When you pass a target scan number equal to the current input scan number,
|
1957
|
-
the image is displayed no faster than the current input scan arrives. The
|
1958
|
-
final possibility is to pass a target scan number less than the current input
|
1959
|
-
scan number; this disables the input/output interlock and causes the output
|
1960
|
-
processor to simply display whatever it finds in the image buffer, without
|
1961
|
-
waiting for input. (However, the library will not accept a target scan
|
1962
|
-
number less than one, so you can't avoid waiting for the first scan.)
|
1963
|
-
|
1964
|
-
When data is arriving faster than the output display processing can advance
|
1965
|
-
through the image, jpeg_consume_input() will store data into the buffered
|
1966
|
-
image beyond the point at which the output processing is reading data out
|
1967
|
-
again. If the input arrives fast enough, it may "wrap around" the buffer to
|
1968
|
-
the point where the input is more than one whole scan ahead of the output.
|
1969
|
-
If the output processing simply proceeds through its display pass without
|
1970
|
-
paying attention to the input, the effect seen on-screen is that the lower
|
1971
|
-
part of the image is one or more scans better in quality than the upper part.
|
1972
|
-
Then, when the next output scan is started, you have a choice of what target
|
1973
|
-
scan number to use. The recommended choice is to use the current input scan
|
1974
|
-
number at that time, which implies that you've skipped the output scans
|
1975
|
-
corresponding to the input scans that were completed while you processed the
|
1976
|
-
previous output scan. In this way, the decoder automatically adapts its
|
1977
|
-
speed to the arriving data, by skipping output scans as necessary to keep up
|
1978
|
-
with the arriving data.
|
1979
|
-
|
1980
|
-
When using this strategy, you'll want to be sure that you perform a final
|
1981
|
-
output pass after receiving all the data; otherwise your last display may not
|
1982
|
-
be full quality across the whole screen. So the right outer loop logic is
|
1983
|
-
something like this:
|
1984
|
-
do {
|
1985
|
-
absorb any waiting input by calling jpeg_consume_input()
|
1986
|
-
final_pass = jpeg_input_complete(&cinfo);
|
1987
|
-
adjust output decompression parameters if required
|
1988
|
-
jpeg_start_output(&cinfo, cinfo.input_scan_number);
|
1989
|
-
...
|
1990
|
-
jpeg_finish_output()
|
1991
|
-
} while (! final_pass);
|
1992
|
-
rather than quitting as soon as jpeg_input_complete() returns TRUE. This
|
1993
|
-
arrangement makes it simple to use higher-quality decoding parameters
|
1994
|
-
for the final pass. But if you don't want to use special parameters for
|
1995
|
-
the final pass, the right loop logic is like this:
|
1996
|
-
for (;;) {
|
1997
|
-
absorb any waiting input by calling jpeg_consume_input()
|
1998
|
-
jpeg_start_output(&cinfo, cinfo.input_scan_number);
|
1999
|
-
...
|
2000
|
-
jpeg_finish_output()
|
2001
|
-
if (jpeg_input_complete(&cinfo) &&
|
2002
|
-
cinfo.input_scan_number == cinfo.output_scan_number)
|
2003
|
-
break;
|
2004
|
-
}
|
2005
|
-
In this case you don't need to know in advance whether an output pass is to
|
2006
|
-
be the last one, so it's not necessary to have reached EOF before starting
|
2007
|
-
the final output pass; rather, what you want to test is whether the output
|
2008
|
-
pass was performed in sync with the final input scan. This form of the loop
|
2009
|
-
will avoid an extra output pass whenever the decoder is able (or nearly able)
|
2010
|
-
to keep up with the incoming data.
|
2011
|
-
|
2012
|
-
When the data transmission speed is high, you might begin a display pass,
|
2013
|
-
then find that much or all of the file has arrived before you can complete
|
2014
|
-
the pass. (You can detect this by noting the JPEG_REACHED_EOI return code
|
2015
|
-
from jpeg_consume_input(), or equivalently by testing jpeg_input_complete().)
|
2016
|
-
In this situation you may wish to abort the current display pass and start a
|
2017
|
-
new one using the newly arrived information. To do so, just call
|
2018
|
-
jpeg_finish_output() and then start a new pass with jpeg_start_output().
|
2019
|
-
|
2020
|
-
A variant strategy is to abort and restart display if more than one complete
|
2021
|
-
scan arrives during an output pass; this can be detected by noting
|
2022
|
-
JPEG_REACHED_SOS returns and/or examining cinfo.input_scan_number. This
|
2023
|
-
idea should be employed with caution, however, since the display process
|
2024
|
-
might never get to the bottom of the image before being aborted, resulting
|
2025
|
-
in the lower part of the screen being several passes worse than the upper.
|
2026
|
-
In most cases it's probably best to abort an output pass only if the whole
|
2027
|
-
file has arrived and you want to begin the final output pass immediately.
|
2028
|
-
|
2029
|
-
When receiving data across a communication link, we recommend always using
|
2030
|
-
the current input scan number for the output target scan number; if a
|
2031
|
-
higher-quality final pass is to be done, it should be started (aborting any
|
2032
|
-
incomplete output pass) as soon as the end of file is received. However,
|
2033
|
-
many other strategies are possible. For example, the application can examine
|
2034
|
-
the parameters of the current input scan and decide whether to display it or
|
2035
|
-
not. If the scan contains only chroma data, one might choose not to use it
|
2036
|
-
as the target scan, expecting that the scan will be small and will arrive
|
2037
|
-
quickly. To skip to the next scan, call jpeg_consume_input() until it
|
2038
|
-
returns JPEG_REACHED_SOS or JPEG_REACHED_EOI. Or just use the next higher
|
2039
|
-
number as the target scan for jpeg_start_output(); but that method doesn't
|
2040
|
-
let you inspect the next scan's parameters before deciding to display it.
|
2041
|
-
|
2042
|
-
|
2043
|
-
In buffered-image mode, jpeg_start_decompress() never performs input and
|
2044
|
-
thus never suspends. An application that uses input suspension with
|
2045
|
-
buffered-image mode must be prepared for suspension returns from these
|
2046
|
-
routines:
|
2047
|
-
* jpeg_start_output() performs input only if you request 2-pass quantization
|
2048
|
-
and the target scan isn't fully read yet. (This is discussed below.)
|
2049
|
-
* jpeg_read_scanlines(), as always, returns the number of scanlines that it
|
2050
|
-
was able to produce before suspending.
|
2051
|
-
* jpeg_finish_output() will read any markers following the target scan,
|
2052
|
-
up to the end of the file or the SOS marker that begins another scan.
|
2053
|
-
(But it reads no input if jpeg_consume_input() has already reached the
|
2054
|
-
end of the file or a SOS marker beyond the target output scan.)
|
2055
|
-
* jpeg_finish_decompress() will read until the end of file, and thus can
|
2056
|
-
suspend if the end hasn't already been reached (as can be tested by
|
2057
|
-
calling jpeg_input_complete()).
|
2058
|
-
jpeg_start_output(), jpeg_finish_output(), and jpeg_finish_decompress()
|
2059
|
-
all return TRUE if they completed their tasks, FALSE if they had to suspend.
|
2060
|
-
In the event of a FALSE return, the application must load more input data
|
2061
|
-
and repeat the call. Applications that use non-suspending data sources need
|
2062
|
-
not check the return values of these three routines.
|
2063
|
-
|
2064
|
-
|
2065
|
-
It is possible to change decoding parameters between output passes in the
|
2066
|
-
buffered-image mode. The decoder library currently supports only very
|
2067
|
-
limited changes of parameters. ONLY THE FOLLOWING parameter changes are
|
2068
|
-
allowed after jpeg_start_decompress() is called:
|
2069
|
-
* dct_method can be changed before each call to jpeg_start_output().
|
2070
|
-
For example, one could use a fast DCT method for early scans, changing
|
2071
|
-
to a higher quality method for the final scan.
|
2072
|
-
* dither_mode can be changed before each call to jpeg_start_output();
|
2073
|
-
of course this has no impact if not using color quantization. Typically
|
2074
|
-
one would use ordered dither for initial passes, then switch to
|
2075
|
-
Floyd-Steinberg dither for the final pass. Caution: changing dither mode
|
2076
|
-
can cause more memory to be allocated by the library. Although the amount
|
2077
|
-
of memory involved is not large (a scanline or so), it may cause the
|
2078
|
-
initial max_memory_to_use specification to be exceeded, which in the worst
|
2079
|
-
case would result in an out-of-memory failure.
|
2080
|
-
* do_block_smoothing can be changed before each call to jpeg_start_output().
|
2081
|
-
This setting is relevant only when decoding a progressive JPEG image.
|
2082
|
-
During the first DC-only scan, block smoothing provides a very "fuzzy" look
|
2083
|
-
instead of the very "blocky" look seen without it; which is better seems a
|
2084
|
-
matter of personal taste. But block smoothing is nearly always a win
|
2085
|
-
during later stages, especially when decoding a successive-approximation
|
2086
|
-
image: smoothing helps to hide the slight blockiness that otherwise shows
|
2087
|
-
up on smooth gradients until the lowest coefficient bits are sent.
|
2088
|
-
* Color quantization mode can be changed under the rules described below.
|
2089
|
-
You *cannot* change between full-color and quantized output (because that
|
2090
|
-
would alter the required I/O buffer sizes), but you can change which
|
2091
|
-
quantization method is used.
|
2092
|
-
|
2093
|
-
When generating color-quantized output, changing quantization method is a
|
2094
|
-
very useful way of switching between high-speed and high-quality display.
|
2095
|
-
The library allows you to change among its three quantization methods:
|
2096
|
-
1. Single-pass quantization to a fixed color cube.
|
2097
|
-
Selected by cinfo.two_pass_quantize = FALSE and cinfo.colormap = NULL.
|
2098
|
-
2. Single-pass quantization to an application-supplied colormap.
|
2099
|
-
Selected by setting cinfo.colormap to point to the colormap (the value of
|
2100
|
-
two_pass_quantize is ignored); also set cinfo.actual_number_of_colors.
|
2101
|
-
3. Two-pass quantization to a colormap chosen specifically for the image.
|
2102
|
-
Selected by cinfo.two_pass_quantize = TRUE and cinfo.colormap = NULL.
|
2103
|
-
(This is the default setting selected by jpeg_read_header, but it is
|
2104
|
-
probably NOT what you want for the first pass of progressive display!)
|
2105
|
-
These methods offer successively better quality and lesser speed. However,
|
2106
|
-
only the first method is available for quantizing in non-RGB color spaces.
|
2107
|
-
|
2108
|
-
IMPORTANT: because the different quantizer methods have very different
|
2109
|
-
working-storage requirements, the library requires you to indicate which
|
2110
|
-
one(s) you intend to use before you call jpeg_start_decompress(). (If we did
|
2111
|
-
not require this, the max_memory_to_use setting would be a complete fiction.)
|
2112
|
-
You do this by setting one or more of these three cinfo fields to TRUE:
|
2113
|
-
enable_1pass_quant Fixed color cube colormap
|
2114
|
-
enable_external_quant Externally-supplied colormap
|
2115
|
-
enable_2pass_quant Two-pass custom colormap
|
2116
|
-
All three are initialized FALSE by jpeg_read_header(). But
|
2117
|
-
jpeg_start_decompress() automatically sets TRUE the one selected by the
|
2118
|
-
current two_pass_quantize and colormap settings, so you only need to set the
|
2119
|
-
enable flags for any other quantization methods you plan to change to later.
|
2120
|
-
|
2121
|
-
After setting the enable flags correctly at jpeg_start_decompress() time, you
|
2122
|
-
can change to any enabled quantization method by setting two_pass_quantize
|
2123
|
-
and colormap properly just before calling jpeg_start_output(). The following
|
2124
|
-
special rules apply:
|
2125
|
-
1. You must explicitly set cinfo.colormap to NULL when switching to 1-pass
|
2126
|
-
or 2-pass mode from a different mode, or when you want the 2-pass
|
2127
|
-
quantizer to be re-run to generate a new colormap.
|
2128
|
-
2. To switch to an external colormap, or to change to a different external
|
2129
|
-
colormap than was used on the prior pass, you must call
|
2130
|
-
jpeg_new_colormap() after setting cinfo.colormap.
|
2131
|
-
NOTE: if you want to use the same colormap as was used in the prior pass,
|
2132
|
-
you should not do either of these things. This will save some nontrivial
|
2133
|
-
switchover costs.
|
2134
|
-
(These requirements exist because cinfo.colormap will always be non-NULL
|
2135
|
-
after completing a prior output pass, since both the 1-pass and 2-pass
|
2136
|
-
quantizers set it to point to their output colormaps. Thus you have to
|
2137
|
-
do one of these two things to notify the library that something has changed.
|
2138
|
-
Yup, it's a bit klugy, but it's necessary to do it this way for backwards
|
2139
|
-
compatibility.)
|
2140
|
-
|
2141
|
-
Note that in buffered-image mode, the library generates any requested colormap
|
2142
|
-
during jpeg_start_output(), not during jpeg_start_decompress().
|
2143
|
-
|
2144
|
-
When using two-pass quantization, jpeg_start_output() makes a pass over the
|
2145
|
-
buffered image to determine the optimum color map; it therefore may take a
|
2146
|
-
significant amount of time, whereas ordinarily it does little work. The
|
2147
|
-
progress monitor hook is called during this pass, if defined. It is also
|
2148
|
-
important to realize that if the specified target scan number is greater than
|
2149
|
-
or equal to the current input scan number, jpeg_start_output() will attempt
|
2150
|
-
to consume input as it makes this pass. If you use a suspending data source,
|
2151
|
-
you need to check for a FALSE return from jpeg_start_output() under these
|
2152
|
-
conditions. The combination of 2-pass quantization and a not-yet-fully-read
|
2153
|
-
target scan is the only case in which jpeg_start_output() will consume input.
|
2154
|
-
|
2155
|
-
|
2156
|
-
Application authors who support buffered-image mode may be tempted to use it
|
2157
|
-
for all JPEG images, even single-scan ones. This will work, but it is
|
2158
|
-
inefficient: there is no need to create an image-sized coefficient buffer for
|
2159
|
-
single-scan images. Requesting buffered-image mode for such an image wastes
|
2160
|
-
memory. Worse, it can cost time on large images, since the buffered data has
|
2161
|
-
to be swapped out or written to a temporary file. If you are concerned about
|
2162
|
-
maximum performance on baseline JPEG files, you should use buffered-image
|
2163
|
-
mode only when the incoming file actually has multiple scans. This can be
|
2164
|
-
tested by calling jpeg_has_multiple_scans(), which will return a correct
|
2165
|
-
result at any time after jpeg_read_header() completes.
|
2166
|
-
|
2167
|
-
It is also worth noting that when you use jpeg_consume_input() to let input
|
2168
|
-
processing get ahead of output processing, the resulting pattern of access to
|
2169
|
-
the coefficient buffer is quite nonsequential. It's best to use the memory
|
2170
|
-
manager jmemnobs.c if you can (ie, if you have enough real or virtual main
|
2171
|
-
memory). If not, at least make sure that max_memory_to_use is set as high as
|
2172
|
-
possible. If the JPEG memory manager has to use a temporary file, you will
|
2173
|
-
probably see a lot of disk traffic and poor performance. (This could be
|
2174
|
-
improved with additional work on the memory manager, but we haven't gotten
|
2175
|
-
around to it yet.)
|
2176
|
-
|
2177
|
-
In some applications it may be convenient to use jpeg_consume_input() for all
|
2178
|
-
input processing, including reading the initial markers; that is, you may
|
2179
|
-
wish to call jpeg_consume_input() instead of jpeg_read_header() during
|
2180
|
-
startup. This works, but note that you must check for JPEG_REACHED_SOS and
|
2181
|
-
JPEG_REACHED_EOI return codes as the equivalent of jpeg_read_header's codes.
|
2182
|
-
Once the first SOS marker has been reached, you must call
|
2183
|
-
jpeg_start_decompress() before jpeg_consume_input() will consume more input;
|
2184
|
-
it'll just keep returning JPEG_REACHED_SOS until you do. If you read a
|
2185
|
-
tables-only file this way, jpeg_consume_input() will return JPEG_REACHED_EOI
|
2186
|
-
without ever returning JPEG_REACHED_SOS; be sure to check for this case.
|
2187
|
-
If this happens, the decompressor will not read any more input until you call
|
2188
|
-
jpeg_abort() to reset it. It is OK to call jpeg_consume_input() even when not
|
2189
|
-
using buffered-image mode, but in that case it's basically a no-op after the
|
2190
|
-
initial markers have been read: it will just return JPEG_SUSPENDED.
|
2191
|
-
|
2192
|
-
|
2193
|
-
Abbreviated datastreams and multiple images
|
2194
|
-
-------------------------------------------
|
2195
|
-
|
2196
|
-
A JPEG compression or decompression object can be reused to process multiple
|
2197
|
-
images. This saves a small amount of time per image by eliminating the
|
2198
|
-
"create" and "destroy" operations, but that isn't the real purpose of the
|
2199
|
-
feature. Rather, reuse of an object provides support for abbreviated JPEG
|
2200
|
-
datastreams. Object reuse can also simplify processing a series of images in
|
2201
|
-
a single input or output file. This section explains these features.
|
2202
|
-
|
2203
|
-
A JPEG file normally contains several hundred bytes worth of quantization
|
2204
|
-
and Huffman tables. In a situation where many images will be stored or
|
2205
|
-
transmitted with identical tables, this may represent an annoying overhead.
|
2206
|
-
The JPEG standard therefore permits tables to be omitted. The standard
|
2207
|
-
defines three classes of JPEG datastreams:
|
2208
|
-
* "Interchange" datastreams contain an image and all tables needed to decode
|
2209
|
-
the image. These are the usual kind of JPEG file.
|
2210
|
-
* "Abbreviated image" datastreams contain an image, but are missing some or
|
2211
|
-
all of the tables needed to decode that image.
|
2212
|
-
* "Abbreviated table specification" (henceforth "tables-only") datastreams
|
2213
|
-
contain only table specifications.
|
2214
|
-
To decode an abbreviated image, it is necessary to load the missing table(s)
|
2215
|
-
into the decoder beforehand. This can be accomplished by reading a separate
|
2216
|
-
tables-only file. A variant scheme uses a series of images in which the first
|
2217
|
-
image is an interchange (complete) datastream, while subsequent ones are
|
2218
|
-
abbreviated and rely on the tables loaded by the first image. It is assumed
|
2219
|
-
that once the decoder has read a table, it will remember that table until a
|
2220
|
-
new definition for the same table number is encountered.
|
2221
|
-
|
2222
|
-
It is the application designer's responsibility to figure out how to associate
|
2223
|
-
the correct tables with an abbreviated image. While abbreviated datastreams
|
2224
|
-
can be useful in a closed environment, their use is strongly discouraged in
|
2225
|
-
any situation where data exchange with other applications might be needed.
|
2226
|
-
Caveat designer.
|
2227
|
-
|
2228
|
-
The JPEG library provides support for reading and writing any combination of
|
2229
|
-
tables-only datastreams and abbreviated images. In both compression and
|
2230
|
-
decompression objects, a quantization or Huffman table will be retained for
|
2231
|
-
the lifetime of the object, unless it is overwritten by a new table definition.
|
2232
|
-
|
2233
|
-
|
2234
|
-
To create abbreviated image datastreams, it is only necessary to tell the
|
2235
|
-
compressor not to emit some or all of the tables it is using. Each
|
2236
|
-
quantization and Huffman table struct contains a boolean field "sent_table",
|
2237
|
-
which normally is initialized to FALSE. For each table used by the image, the
|
2238
|
-
header-writing process emits the table and sets sent_table = TRUE unless it is
|
2239
|
-
already TRUE. (In normal usage, this prevents outputting the same table
|
2240
|
-
definition multiple times, as would otherwise occur because the chroma
|
2241
|
-
components typically share tables.) Thus, setting this field to TRUE before
|
2242
|
-
calling jpeg_start_compress() will prevent the table from being written at
|
2243
|
-
all.
|
2244
|
-
|
2245
|
-
If you want to create a "pure" abbreviated image file containing no tables,
|
2246
|
-
just call "jpeg_suppress_tables(&cinfo, TRUE)" after constructing all the
|
2247
|
-
tables. If you want to emit some but not all tables, you'll need to set the
|
2248
|
-
individual sent_table fields directly.
|
2249
|
-
|
2250
|
-
To create an abbreviated image, you must also call jpeg_start_compress()
|
2251
|
-
with a second parameter of FALSE, not TRUE. Otherwise jpeg_start_compress()
|
2252
|
-
will force all the sent_table fields to FALSE. (This is a safety feature to
|
2253
|
-
prevent abbreviated images from being created accidentally.)
|
2254
|
-
|
2255
|
-
To create a tables-only file, perform the same parameter setup that you
|
2256
|
-
normally would, but instead of calling jpeg_start_compress() and so on, call
|
2257
|
-
jpeg_write_tables(&cinfo). This will write an abbreviated datastream
|
2258
|
-
containing only SOI, DQT and/or DHT markers, and EOI. All the quantization
|
2259
|
-
and Huffman tables that are currently defined in the compression object will
|
2260
|
-
be emitted unless their sent_tables flag is already TRUE, and then all the
|
2261
|
-
sent_tables flags will be set TRUE.
|
2262
|
-
|
2263
|
-
A sure-fire way to create matching tables-only and abbreviated image files
|
2264
|
-
is to proceed as follows:
|
2265
|
-
|
2266
|
-
create JPEG compression object
|
2267
|
-
set JPEG parameters
|
2268
|
-
set destination to tables-only file
|
2269
|
-
jpeg_write_tables(&cinfo);
|
2270
|
-
set destination to image file
|
2271
|
-
jpeg_start_compress(&cinfo, FALSE);
|
2272
|
-
write data...
|
2273
|
-
jpeg_finish_compress(&cinfo);
|
2274
|
-
|
2275
|
-
Since the JPEG parameters are not altered between writing the table file and
|
2276
|
-
the abbreviated image file, the same tables are sure to be used. Of course,
|
2277
|
-
you can repeat the jpeg_start_compress() ... jpeg_finish_compress() sequence
|
2278
|
-
many times to produce many abbreviated image files matching the table file.
|
2279
|
-
|
2280
|
-
You cannot suppress output of the computed Huffman tables when Huffman
|
2281
|
-
optimization is selected. (If you could, there'd be no way to decode the
|
2282
|
-
image...) Generally, you don't want to set optimize_coding = TRUE when
|
2283
|
-
you are trying to produce abbreviated files.
|
2284
|
-
|
2285
|
-
In some cases you might want to compress an image using tables which are
|
2286
|
-
not stored in the application, but are defined in an interchange or
|
2287
|
-
tables-only file readable by the application. This can be done by setting up
|
2288
|
-
a JPEG decompression object to read the specification file, then copying the
|
2289
|
-
tables into your compression object. See jpeg_copy_critical_parameters()
|
2290
|
-
for an example of copying quantization tables.
|
2291
|
-
|
2292
|
-
|
2293
|
-
To read abbreviated image files, you simply need to load the proper tables
|
2294
|
-
into the decompression object before trying to read the abbreviated image.
|
2295
|
-
If the proper tables are stored in the application program, you can just
|
2296
|
-
allocate the table structs and fill in their contents directly. For example,
|
2297
|
-
to load a fixed quantization table into table slot "n":
|
2298
|
-
|
2299
|
-
if (cinfo.quant_tbl_ptrs[n] == NULL)
|
2300
|
-
cinfo.quant_tbl_ptrs[n] = jpeg_alloc_quant_table((j_common_ptr) &cinfo);
|
2301
|
-
quant_ptr = cinfo.quant_tbl_ptrs[n]; /* quant_ptr is JQUANT_TBL* */
|
2302
|
-
for (i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
|
2303
|
-
/* Qtable[] is desired quantization table, in natural array order */
|
2304
|
-
quant_ptr->quantval[i] = Qtable[i];
|
2305
|
-
}
|
2306
|
-
|
2307
|
-
Code to load a fixed Huffman table is typically (for AC table "n"):
|
2308
|
-
|
2309
|
-
if (cinfo.ac_huff_tbl_ptrs[n] == NULL)
|
2310
|
-
cinfo.ac_huff_tbl_ptrs[n] = jpeg_alloc_huff_table((j_common_ptr) &cinfo);
|
2311
|
-
huff_ptr = cinfo.ac_huff_tbl_ptrs[n]; /* huff_ptr is JHUFF_TBL* */
|
2312
|
-
for (i = 1; i <= 16; i++) {
|
2313
|
-
/* counts[i] is number of Huffman codes of length i bits, i=1..16 */
|
2314
|
-
huff_ptr->bits[i] = counts[i];
|
2315
|
-
}
|
2316
|
-
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
|
2317
|
-
/* symbols[] is the list of Huffman symbols, in code-length order */
|
2318
|
-
huff_ptr->huffval[i] = symbols[i];
|
2319
|
-
}
|
2320
|
-
|
2321
|
-
(Note that trying to set cinfo.quant_tbl_ptrs[n] to point directly at a
|
2322
|
-
constant JQUANT_TBL object is not safe. If the incoming file happened to
|
2323
|
-
contain a quantization table definition, your master table would get
|
2324
|
-
overwritten! Instead allocate a working table copy and copy the master table
|
2325
|
-
into it, as illustrated above. Ditto for Huffman tables, of course.)
|
2326
|
-
|
2327
|
-
You might want to read the tables from a tables-only file, rather than
|
2328
|
-
hard-wiring them into your application. The jpeg_read_header() call is
|
2329
|
-
sufficient to read a tables-only file. You must pass a second parameter of
|
2330
|
-
FALSE to indicate that you do not require an image to be present. Thus, the
|
2331
|
-
typical scenario is
|
2332
|
-
|
2333
|
-
create JPEG decompression object
|
2334
|
-
set source to tables-only file
|
2335
|
-
jpeg_read_header(&cinfo, FALSE);
|
2336
|
-
set source to abbreviated image file
|
2337
|
-
jpeg_read_header(&cinfo, TRUE);
|
2338
|
-
set decompression parameters
|
2339
|
-
jpeg_start_decompress(&cinfo);
|
2340
|
-
read data...
|
2341
|
-
jpeg_finish_decompress(&cinfo);
|
2342
|
-
|
2343
|
-
In some cases, you may want to read a file without knowing whether it contains
|
2344
|
-
an image or just tables. In that case, pass FALSE and check the return value
|
2345
|
-
from jpeg_read_header(): it will be JPEG_HEADER_OK if an image was found,
|
2346
|
-
JPEG_HEADER_TABLES_ONLY if only tables were found. (A third return value,
|
2347
|
-
JPEG_SUSPENDED, is possible when using a suspending data source manager.)
|
2348
|
-
Note that jpeg_read_header() will not complain if you read an abbreviated
|
2349
|
-
image for which you haven't loaded the missing tables; the missing-table check
|
2350
|
-
occurs later, in jpeg_start_decompress().
|
2351
|
-
|
2352
|
-
|
2353
|
-
It is possible to read a series of images from a single source file by
|
2354
|
-
repeating the jpeg_read_header() ... jpeg_finish_decompress() sequence,
|
2355
|
-
without releasing/recreating the JPEG object or the data source module.
|
2356
|
-
(If you did reinitialize, any partial bufferload left in the data source
|
2357
|
-
buffer at the end of one image would be discarded, causing you to lose the
|
2358
|
-
start of the next image.) When you use this method, stored tables are
|
2359
|
-
automatically carried forward, so some of the images can be abbreviated images
|
2360
|
-
that depend on tables from earlier images.
|
2361
|
-
|
2362
|
-
If you intend to write a series of images into a single destination file,
|
2363
|
-
you might want to make a specialized data destination module that doesn't
|
2364
|
-
flush the output buffer at term_destination() time. This would speed things
|
2365
|
-
up by some trifling amount. Of course, you'd need to remember to flush the
|
2366
|
-
buffer after the last image. You can make the later images be abbreviated
|
2367
|
-
ones by passing FALSE to jpeg_start_compress().
|
2368
|
-
|
2369
|
-
|
2370
|
-
Special markers
|
2371
|
-
---------------
|
2372
|
-
|
2373
|
-
Some applications may need to insert or extract special data in the JPEG
|
2374
|
-
datastream. The JPEG standard provides marker types "COM" (comment) and
|
2375
|
-
"APP0" through "APP15" (application) to hold application-specific data.
|
2376
|
-
Unfortunately, the use of these markers is not specified by the standard.
|
2377
|
-
COM markers are fairly widely used to hold user-supplied text. The JFIF file
|
2378
|
-
format spec uses APP0 markers with specified initial strings to hold certain
|
2379
|
-
data. Adobe applications use APP14 markers beginning with the string "Adobe"
|
2380
|
-
for miscellaneous data. Other APPn markers are rarely seen, but might
|
2381
|
-
contain almost anything.
|
2382
|
-
|
2383
|
-
If you wish to store user-supplied text, we recommend you use COM markers
|
2384
|
-
and place readable 7-bit ASCII text in them. Newline conventions are not
|
2385
|
-
standardized --- expect to find LF (Unix style), CR/LF (DOS style), or CR
|
2386
|
-
(Mac style). A robust COM reader should be able to cope with random binary
|
2387
|
-
garbage, including nulls, since some applications generate COM markers
|
2388
|
-
containing non-ASCII junk. (But yours should not be one of them.)
|
2389
|
-
|
2390
|
-
For program-supplied data, use an APPn marker, and be sure to begin it with an
|
2391
|
-
identifying string so that you can tell whether the marker is actually yours.
|
2392
|
-
It's probably best to avoid using APP0 or APP14 for any private markers.
|
2393
|
-
(NOTE: the upcoming SPIFF standard will use APP8 markers; we recommend you
|
2394
|
-
not use APP8 markers for any private purposes, either.)
|
2395
|
-
|
2396
|
-
Keep in mind that at most 65533 bytes can be put into one marker, but you
|
2397
|
-
can have as many markers as you like.
|
2398
|
-
|
2399
|
-
By default, the IJG compression library will write a JFIF APP0 marker if the
|
2400
|
-
selected JPEG colorspace is grayscale or YCbCr, or an Adobe APP14 marker if
|
2401
|
-
the selected colorspace is RGB, CMYK, or YCCK. You can disable this, but
|
2402
|
-
we don't recommend it. The decompression library will recognize JFIF and
|
2403
|
-
Adobe markers and will set the JPEG colorspace properly when one is found.
|
2404
|
-
|
2405
|
-
|
2406
|
-
You can write special markers immediately following the datastream header by
|
2407
|
-
calling jpeg_write_marker() after jpeg_start_compress() and before the first
|
2408
|
-
call to jpeg_write_scanlines(). When you do this, the markers appear after
|
2409
|
-
the SOI and the JFIF APP0 and Adobe APP14 markers (if written), but before
|
2410
|
-
all else. Specify the marker type parameter as "JPEG_COM" for COM or
|
2411
|
-
"JPEG_APP0 + n" for APPn. (Actually, jpeg_write_marker will let you write
|
2412
|
-
any marker type, but we don't recommend writing any other kinds of marker.)
|
2413
|
-
For example, to write a user comment string pointed to by comment_text:
|
2414
|
-
jpeg_write_marker(cinfo, JPEG_COM, comment_text, strlen(comment_text));
|
2415
|
-
|
2416
|
-
If it's not convenient to store all the marker data in memory at once,
|
2417
|
-
you can instead call jpeg_write_m_header() followed by multiple calls to
|
2418
|
-
jpeg_write_m_byte(). If you do it this way, it's your responsibility to
|
2419
|
-
call jpeg_write_m_byte() exactly the number of times given in the length
|
2420
|
-
parameter to jpeg_write_m_header(). (This method lets you empty the
|
2421
|
-
output buffer partway through a marker, which might be important when
|
2422
|
-
using a suspending data destination module. In any case, if you are using
|
2423
|
-
a suspending destination, you should flush its buffer after inserting
|
2424
|
-
any special markers. See "I/O suspension".)
|
2425
|
-
|
2426
|
-
Or, if you prefer to synthesize the marker byte sequence yourself,
|
2427
|
-
you can just cram it straight into the data destination module.
|
2428
|
-
|
2429
|
-
If you are writing JFIF 1.02 extension markers (thumbnail images), don't
|
2430
|
-
forget to set cinfo.JFIF_minor_version = 2 so that the encoder will write the
|
2431
|
-
correct JFIF version number in the JFIF header marker. The library's default
|
2432
|
-
is to write version 1.01, but that's wrong if you insert any 1.02 extension
|
2433
|
-
markers. (We could probably get away with just defaulting to 1.02, but there
|
2434
|
-
used to be broken decoders that would complain about unknown minor version
|
2435
|
-
numbers. To reduce compatibility risks it's safest not to write 1.02 unless
|
2436
|
-
you are actually using 1.02 extensions.)
|
2437
|
-
|
2438
|
-
|
2439
|
-
When reading, two methods of handling special markers are available:
|
2440
|
-
1. You can ask the library to save the contents of COM and/or APPn markers
|
2441
|
-
into memory, and then examine them at your leisure afterwards.
|
2442
|
-
2. You can supply your own routine to process COM and/or APPn markers
|
2443
|
-
on-the-fly as they are read.
|
2444
|
-
The first method is simpler to use, especially if you are using a suspending
|
2445
|
-
data source; writing a marker processor that copes with input suspension is
|
2446
|
-
not easy (consider what happens if the marker is longer than your available
|
2447
|
-
input buffer). However, the second method conserves memory since the marker
|
2448
|
-
data need not be kept around after it's been processed.
|
2449
|
-
|
2450
|
-
For either method, you'd normally set up marker handling after creating a
|
2451
|
-
decompression object and before calling jpeg_read_header(), because the
|
2452
|
-
markers of interest will typically be near the head of the file and so will
|
2453
|
-
be scanned by jpeg_read_header. Once you've established a marker handling
|
2454
|
-
method, it will be used for the life of that decompression object
|
2455
|
-
(potentially many datastreams), unless you change it. Marker handling is
|
2456
|
-
determined separately for COM markers and for each APPn marker code.
|
2457
|
-
|
2458
|
-
|
2459
|
-
To save the contents of special markers in memory, call
|
2460
|
-
jpeg_save_markers(cinfo, marker_code, length_limit)
|
2461
|
-
where marker_code is the marker type to save, JPEG_COM or JPEG_APP0+n.
|
2462
|
-
(To arrange to save all the special marker types, you need to call this
|
2463
|
-
routine 17 times, for COM and APP0-APP15.) If the incoming marker is longer
|
2464
|
-
than length_limit data bytes, only length_limit bytes will be saved; this
|
2465
|
-
parameter allows you to avoid chewing up memory when you only need to see the
|
2466
|
-
first few bytes of a potentially large marker. If you want to save all the
|
2467
|
-
data, set length_limit to 0xFFFF; that is enough since marker lengths are only
|
2468
|
-
16 bits. As a special case, setting length_limit to 0 prevents that marker
|
2469
|
-
type from being saved at all. (That is the default behavior, in fact.)
|
2470
|
-
|
2471
|
-
After jpeg_read_header() completes, you can examine the special markers by
|
2472
|
-
following the cinfo->marker_list pointer chain. All the special markers in
|
2473
|
-
the file appear in this list, in order of their occurrence in the file (but
|
2474
|
-
omitting any markers of types you didn't ask for). Both the original data
|
2475
|
-
length and the saved data length are recorded for each list entry; the latter
|
2476
|
-
will not exceed length_limit for the particular marker type. Note that these
|
2477
|
-
lengths exclude the marker length word, whereas the stored representation
|
2478
|
-
within the JPEG file includes it. (Hence the maximum data length is really
|
2479
|
-
only 65533.)
|
2480
|
-
|
2481
|
-
It is possible that additional special markers appear in the file beyond the
|
2482
|
-
SOS marker at which jpeg_read_header stops; if so, the marker list will be
|
2483
|
-
extended during reading of the rest of the file. This is not expected to be
|
2484
|
-
common, however. If you are short on memory you may want to reset the length
|
2485
|
-
limit to zero for all marker types after finishing jpeg_read_header, to
|
2486
|
-
ensure that the max_memory_to_use setting cannot be exceeded due to addition
|
2487
|
-
of later markers.
|
2488
|
-
|
2489
|
-
The marker list remains stored until you call jpeg_finish_decompress or
|
2490
|
-
jpeg_abort, at which point the memory is freed and the list is set to empty.
|
2491
|
-
(jpeg_destroy also releases the storage, of course.)
|
2492
|
-
|
2493
|
-
Note that the library is internally interested in APP0 and APP14 markers;
|
2494
|
-
if you try to set a small nonzero length limit on these types, the library
|
2495
|
-
will silently force the length up to the minimum it wants. (But you can set
|
2496
|
-
a zero length limit to prevent them from being saved at all.) Also, in a
|
2497
|
-
16-bit environment, the maximum length limit may be constrained to less than
|
2498
|
-
65533 by malloc() limitations. It is therefore best not to assume that the
|
2499
|
-
effective length limit is exactly what you set it to be.
|
2500
|
-
|
2501
|
-
|
2502
|
-
If you want to supply your own marker-reading routine, you do it by calling
|
2503
|
-
jpeg_set_marker_processor(). A marker processor routine must have the
|
2504
|
-
signature
|
2505
|
-
boolean jpeg_marker_parser_method (j_decompress_ptr cinfo)
|
2506
|
-
Although the marker code is not explicitly passed, the routine can find it
|
2507
|
-
in cinfo->unread_marker. At the time of call, the marker proper has been
|
2508
|
-
read from the data source module. The processor routine is responsible for
|
2509
|
-
reading the marker length word and the remaining parameter bytes, if any.
|
2510
|
-
Return TRUE to indicate success. (FALSE should be returned only if you are
|
2511
|
-
using a suspending data source and it tells you to suspend. See the standard
|
2512
|
-
marker processors in jdmarker.c for appropriate coding methods if you need to
|
2513
|
-
use a suspending data source.)
|
2514
|
-
|
2515
|
-
If you override the default APP0 or APP14 processors, it is up to you to
|
2516
|
-
recognize JFIF and Adobe markers if you want colorspace recognition to occur
|
2517
|
-
properly. We recommend copying and extending the default processors if you
|
2518
|
-
want to do that. (A better idea is to save these marker types for later
|
2519
|
-
examination by calling jpeg_save_markers(); that method doesn't interfere
|
2520
|
-
with the library's own processing of these markers.)
|
2521
|
-
|
2522
|
-
jpeg_set_marker_processor() and jpeg_save_markers() are mutually exclusive
|
2523
|
-
--- if you call one it overrides any previous call to the other, for the
|
2524
|
-
particular marker type specified.
|
2525
|
-
|
2526
|
-
A simple example of an external COM processor can be found in djpeg.c.
|
2527
|
-
Also, see jpegtran.c for an example of using jpeg_save_markers.
|
2528
|
-
|
2529
|
-
|
2530
|
-
Raw (downsampled) image data
|
2531
|
-
----------------------------
|
2532
|
-
|
2533
|
-
Some applications need to supply already-downsampled image data to the JPEG
|
2534
|
-
compressor, or to receive raw downsampled data from the decompressor. The
|
2535
|
-
library supports this requirement by allowing the application to write or
|
2536
|
-
read raw data, bypassing the normal preprocessing or postprocessing steps.
|
2537
|
-
The interface is different from the standard one and is somewhat harder to
|
2538
|
-
use. If your interest is merely in bypassing color conversion, we recommend
|
2539
|
-
that you use the standard interface and simply set jpeg_color_space =
|
2540
|
-
in_color_space (or jpeg_color_space = out_color_space for decompression).
|
2541
|
-
The mechanism described in this section is necessary only to supply or
|
2542
|
-
receive downsampled image data, in which not all components have the same
|
2543
|
-
dimensions.
|
2544
|
-
|
2545
|
-
|
2546
|
-
To compress raw data, you must supply the data in the colorspace to be used
|
2547
|
-
in the JPEG file (please read the earlier section on Special color spaces)
|
2548
|
-
and downsampled to the sampling factors specified in the JPEG parameters.
|
2549
|
-
You must supply the data in the format used internally by the JPEG library,
|
2550
|
-
namely a JSAMPIMAGE array. This is an array of pointers to two-dimensional
|
2551
|
-
arrays, each of type JSAMPARRAY. Each 2-D array holds the values for one
|
2552
|
-
color component. This structure is necessary since the components are of
|
2553
|
-
different sizes. If the image dimensions are not a multiple of the MCU size,
|
2554
|
-
you must also pad the data correctly (usually, this is done by replicating
|
2555
|
-
the last column and/or row). The data must be padded to a multiple of a DCT
|
2556
|
-
block in each component: that is, each downsampled row must contain a
|
2557
|
-
multiple of 8 valid samples, and there must be a multiple of 8 sample rows
|
2558
|
-
for each component. (For applications such as conversion of digital TV
|
2559
|
-
images, the standard image size is usually a multiple of the DCT block size,
|
2560
|
-
so that no padding need actually be done.)
|
2561
|
-
|
2562
|
-
The procedure for compression of raw data is basically the same as normal
|
2563
|
-
compression, except that you call jpeg_write_raw_data() in place of
|
2564
|
-
jpeg_write_scanlines(). Before calling jpeg_start_compress(), you must do
|
2565
|
-
the following:
|
2566
|
-
* Set cinfo->raw_data_in to TRUE. (It is set FALSE by jpeg_set_defaults().)
|
2567
|
-
This notifies the library that you will be supplying raw data.
|
2568
|
-
Furthermore, set cinfo->do_fancy_downsampling to FALSE if you want to use
|
2569
|
-
real downsampled data. (It is set TRUE by jpeg_set_defaults().)
|
2570
|
-
* Ensure jpeg_color_space is correct --- an explicit jpeg_set_colorspace()
|
2571
|
-
call is a good idea. Note that since color conversion is bypassed,
|
2572
|
-
in_color_space is ignored, except that jpeg_set_defaults() uses it to
|
2573
|
-
choose the default jpeg_color_space setting.
|
2574
|
-
* Ensure the sampling factors, cinfo->comp_info[i].h_samp_factor and
|
2575
|
-
cinfo->comp_info[i].v_samp_factor, are correct. Since these indicate the
|
2576
|
-
dimensions of the data you are supplying, it's wise to set them
|
2577
|
-
explicitly, rather than assuming the library's defaults are what you want.
|
2578
|
-
|
2579
|
-
To pass raw data to the library, call jpeg_write_raw_data() in place of
|
2580
|
-
jpeg_write_scanlines(). The two routines work similarly except that
|
2581
|
-
jpeg_write_raw_data takes a JSAMPIMAGE data array rather than JSAMPARRAY.
|
2582
|
-
The scanlines count passed to and returned from jpeg_write_raw_data is
|
2583
|
-
measured in terms of the component with the largest v_samp_factor.
|
2584
|
-
|
2585
|
-
jpeg_write_raw_data() processes one MCU row per call, which is to say
|
2586
|
-
v_samp_factor*DCTSIZE sample rows of each component. The passed num_lines
|
2587
|
-
value must be at least max_v_samp_factor*DCTSIZE, and the return value will
|
2588
|
-
be exactly that amount (or possibly some multiple of that amount, in future
|
2589
|
-
library versions). This is true even on the last call at the bottom of the
|
2590
|
-
image; don't forget to pad your data as necessary.
|
2591
|
-
|
2592
|
-
The required dimensions of the supplied data can be computed for each
|
2593
|
-
component as
|
2594
|
-
cinfo->comp_info[i].width_in_blocks*DCTSIZE samples per row
|
2595
|
-
cinfo->comp_info[i].height_in_blocks*DCTSIZE rows in image
|
2596
|
-
after jpeg_start_compress() has initialized those fields. If the valid data
|
2597
|
-
is smaller than this, it must be padded appropriately. For some sampling
|
2598
|
-
factors and image sizes, additional dummy DCT blocks are inserted to make
|
2599
|
-
the image a multiple of the MCU dimensions. The library creates such dummy
|
2600
|
-
blocks itself; it does not read them from your supplied data. Therefore you
|
2601
|
-
need never pad by more than DCTSIZE samples. An example may help here.
|
2602
|
-
Assume 2h2v downsampling of YCbCr data, that is
|
2603
|
-
cinfo->comp_info[0].h_samp_factor = 2 for Y
|
2604
|
-
cinfo->comp_info[0].v_samp_factor = 2
|
2605
|
-
cinfo->comp_info[1].h_samp_factor = 1 for Cb
|
2606
|
-
cinfo->comp_info[1].v_samp_factor = 1
|
2607
|
-
cinfo->comp_info[2].h_samp_factor = 1 for Cr
|
2608
|
-
cinfo->comp_info[2].v_samp_factor = 1
|
2609
|
-
and suppose that the nominal image dimensions (cinfo->image_width and
|
2610
|
-
cinfo->image_height) are 101x101 pixels. Then jpeg_start_compress() will
|
2611
|
-
compute downsampled_width = 101 and width_in_blocks = 13 for Y,
|
2612
|
-
downsampled_width = 51 and width_in_blocks = 7 for Cb and Cr (and the same
|
2613
|
-
for the height fields). You must pad the Y data to at least 13*8 = 104
|
2614
|
-
columns and rows, the Cb/Cr data to at least 7*8 = 56 columns and rows. The
|
2615
|
-
MCU height is max_v_samp_factor = 2 DCT rows so you must pass at least 16
|
2616
|
-
scanlines on each call to jpeg_write_raw_data(), which is to say 16 actual
|
2617
|
-
sample rows of Y and 8 each of Cb and Cr. A total of 7 MCU rows are needed,
|
2618
|
-
so you must pass a total of 7*16 = 112 "scanlines". The last DCT block row
|
2619
|
-
of Y data is dummy, so it doesn't matter what you pass for it in the data
|
2620
|
-
arrays, but the scanlines count must total up to 112 so that all of the Cb
|
2621
|
-
and Cr data gets passed.
|
2622
|
-
|
2623
|
-
Output suspension is supported with raw-data compression: if the data
|
2624
|
-
destination module suspends, jpeg_write_raw_data() will return 0.
|
2625
|
-
In this case the same data rows must be passed again on the next call.
|
2626
|
-
|
2627
|
-
|
2628
|
-
Decompression with raw data output implies bypassing all postprocessing.
|
2629
|
-
You must deal with the color space and sampling factors present in the
|
2630
|
-
incoming file. If your application only handles, say, 2h1v YCbCr data,
|
2631
|
-
you must check for and fail on other color spaces or other sampling factors.
|
2632
|
-
The library will not convert to a different color space for you.
|
2633
|
-
|
2634
|
-
To obtain raw data output, set cinfo->raw_data_out = TRUE before
|
2635
|
-
jpeg_start_decompress() (it is set FALSE by jpeg_read_header()). Be sure to
|
2636
|
-
verify that the color space and sampling factors are ones you can handle.
|
2637
|
-
Furthermore, set cinfo->do_fancy_upsampling = FALSE if you want to get real
|
2638
|
-
downsampled data (it is set TRUE by jpeg_read_header()).
|
2639
|
-
Then call jpeg_read_raw_data() in place of jpeg_read_scanlines(). The
|
2640
|
-
decompression process is otherwise the same as usual.
|
2641
|
-
|
2642
|
-
jpeg_read_raw_data() returns one MCU row per call, and thus you must pass a
|
2643
|
-
buffer of at least max_v_samp_factor*DCTSIZE scanlines (scanline counting is
|
2644
|
-
the same as for raw-data compression). The buffer you pass must be large
|
2645
|
-
enough to hold the actual data plus padding to DCT-block boundaries. As with
|
2646
|
-
compression, any entirely dummy DCT blocks are not processed so you need not
|
2647
|
-
allocate space for them, but the total scanline count includes them. The
|
2648
|
-
above example of computing buffer dimensions for raw-data compression is
|
2649
|
-
equally valid for decompression.
|
2650
|
-
|
2651
|
-
Input suspension is supported with raw-data decompression: if the data source
|
2652
|
-
module suspends, jpeg_read_raw_data() will return 0. You can also use
|
2653
|
-
buffered-image mode to read raw data in multiple passes.
|
2654
|
-
|
2655
|
-
|
2656
|
-
Really raw data: DCT coefficients
|
2657
|
-
---------------------------------
|
2658
|
-
|
2659
|
-
It is possible to read or write the contents of a JPEG file as raw DCT
|
2660
|
-
coefficients. This facility is mainly intended for use in lossless
|
2661
|
-
transcoding between different JPEG file formats. Other possible applications
|
2662
|
-
include lossless cropping of a JPEG image, lossless reassembly of a
|
2663
|
-
multi-strip or multi-tile TIFF/JPEG file into a single JPEG datastream, etc.
|
2664
|
-
|
2665
|
-
To read the contents of a JPEG file as DCT coefficients, open the file and do
|
2666
|
-
jpeg_read_header() as usual. But instead of calling jpeg_start_decompress()
|
2667
|
-
and jpeg_read_scanlines(), call jpeg_read_coefficients(). This will read the
|
2668
|
-
entire image into a set of virtual coefficient-block arrays, one array per
|
2669
|
-
component. The return value is a pointer to an array of virtual-array
|
2670
|
-
descriptors. Each virtual array can be accessed directly using the JPEG
|
2671
|
-
memory manager's access_virt_barray method (see Memory management, below,
|
2672
|
-
and also read structure.txt's discussion of virtual array handling). Or,
|
2673
|
-
for simple transcoding to a different JPEG file format, the array list can
|
2674
|
-
just be handed directly to jpeg_write_coefficients().
|
2675
|
-
|
2676
|
-
Each block in the block arrays contains quantized coefficient values in
|
2677
|
-
normal array order (not JPEG zigzag order). The block arrays contain only
|
2678
|
-
DCT blocks containing real data; any entirely-dummy blocks added to fill out
|
2679
|
-
interleaved MCUs at the right or bottom edges of the image are discarded
|
2680
|
-
during reading and are not stored in the block arrays. (The size of each
|
2681
|
-
block array can be determined from the width_in_blocks and height_in_blocks
|
2682
|
-
fields of the component's comp_info entry.) This is also the data format
|
2683
|
-
expected by jpeg_write_coefficients().
|
2684
|
-
|
2685
|
-
When you are done using the virtual arrays, call jpeg_finish_decompress()
|
2686
|
-
to release the array storage and return the decompression object to an idle
|
2687
|
-
state; or just call jpeg_destroy() if you don't need to reuse the object.
|
2688
|
-
|
2689
|
-
If you use a suspending data source, jpeg_read_coefficients() will return
|
2690
|
-
NULL if it is forced to suspend; a non-NULL return value indicates successful
|
2691
|
-
completion. You need not test for a NULL return value when using a
|
2692
|
-
non-suspending data source.
|
2693
|
-
|
2694
|
-
It is also possible to call jpeg_read_coefficients() to obtain access to the
|
2695
|
-
decoder's coefficient arrays during a normal decode cycle in buffered-image
|
2696
|
-
mode. This frammish might be useful for progressively displaying an incoming
|
2697
|
-
image and then re-encoding it without loss. To do this, decode in buffered-
|
2698
|
-
image mode as discussed previously, then call jpeg_read_coefficients() after
|
2699
|
-
the last jpeg_finish_output() call. The arrays will be available for your use
|
2700
|
-
until you call jpeg_finish_decompress().
|
2701
|
-
|
2702
|
-
|
2703
|
-
To write the contents of a JPEG file as DCT coefficients, you must provide
|
2704
|
-
the DCT coefficients stored in virtual block arrays. You can either pass
|
2705
|
-
block arrays read from an input JPEG file by jpeg_read_coefficients(), or
|
2706
|
-
allocate virtual arrays from the JPEG compression object and fill them
|
2707
|
-
yourself. In either case, jpeg_write_coefficients() is substituted for
|
2708
|
-
jpeg_start_compress() and jpeg_write_scanlines(). Thus the sequence is
|
2709
|
-
* Create compression object
|
2710
|
-
* Set all compression parameters as necessary
|
2711
|
-
* Request virtual arrays if needed
|
2712
|
-
* jpeg_write_coefficients()
|
2713
|
-
* jpeg_finish_compress()
|
2714
|
-
* Destroy or re-use compression object
|
2715
|
-
jpeg_write_coefficients() is passed a pointer to an array of virtual block
|
2716
|
-
array descriptors; the number of arrays is equal to cinfo.num_components.
|
2717
|
-
|
2718
|
-
The virtual arrays need only have been requested, not realized, before
|
2719
|
-
jpeg_write_coefficients() is called. A side-effect of
|
2720
|
-
jpeg_write_coefficients() is to realize any virtual arrays that have been
|
2721
|
-
requested from the compression object's memory manager. Thus, when obtaining
|
2722
|
-
the virtual arrays from the compression object, you should fill the arrays
|
2723
|
-
after calling jpeg_write_coefficients(). The data is actually written out
|
2724
|
-
when you call jpeg_finish_compress(); jpeg_write_coefficients() only writes
|
2725
|
-
the file header.
|
2726
|
-
|
2727
|
-
When writing raw DCT coefficients, it is crucial that the JPEG quantization
|
2728
|
-
tables and sampling factors match the way the data was encoded, or the
|
2729
|
-
resulting file will be invalid. For transcoding from an existing JPEG file,
|
2730
|
-
we recommend using jpeg_copy_critical_parameters(). This routine initializes
|
2731
|
-
all the compression parameters to default values (like jpeg_set_defaults()),
|
2732
|
-
then copies the critical information from a source decompression object.
|
2733
|
-
The decompression object should have just been used to read the entire
|
2734
|
-
JPEG input file --- that is, it should be awaiting jpeg_finish_decompress().
|
2735
|
-
|
2736
|
-
jpeg_write_coefficients() marks all tables stored in the compression object
|
2737
|
-
as needing to be written to the output file (thus, it acts like
|
2738
|
-
jpeg_start_compress(cinfo, TRUE)). This is for safety's sake, to avoid
|
2739
|
-
emitting abbreviated JPEG files by accident. If you really want to emit an
|
2740
|
-
abbreviated JPEG file, call jpeg_suppress_tables(), or set the tables'
|
2741
|
-
individual sent_table flags, between calling jpeg_write_coefficients() and
|
2742
|
-
jpeg_finish_compress().
|
2743
|
-
|
2744
|
-
|
2745
|
-
Progress monitoring
|
2746
|
-
-------------------
|
2747
|
-
|
2748
|
-
Some applications may need to regain control from the JPEG library every so
|
2749
|
-
often. The typical use of this feature is to produce a percent-done bar or
|
2750
|
-
other progress display. (For a simple example, see cjpeg.c or djpeg.c.)
|
2751
|
-
Although you do get control back frequently during the data-transferring pass
|
2752
|
-
(the jpeg_read_scanlines or jpeg_write_scanlines loop), any additional passes
|
2753
|
-
will occur inside jpeg_finish_compress or jpeg_start_decompress; those
|
2754
|
-
routines may take a long time to execute, and you don't get control back
|
2755
|
-
until they are done.
|
2756
|
-
|
2757
|
-
You can define a progress-monitor routine which will be called periodically
|
2758
|
-
by the library. No guarantees are made about how often this call will occur,
|
2759
|
-
so we don't recommend you use it for mouse tracking or anything like that.
|
2760
|
-
At present, a call will occur once per MCU row, scanline, or sample row
|
2761
|
-
group, whichever unit is convenient for the current processing mode; so the
|
2762
|
-
wider the image, the longer the time between calls. During the data
|
2763
|
-
transferring pass, only one call occurs per call of jpeg_read_scanlines or
|
2764
|
-
jpeg_write_scanlines, so don't pass a large number of scanlines at once if
|
2765
|
-
you want fine resolution in the progress count. (If you really need to use
|
2766
|
-
the callback mechanism for time-critical tasks like mouse tracking, you could
|
2767
|
-
insert additional calls inside some of the library's inner loops.)
|
2768
|
-
|
2769
|
-
To establish a progress-monitor callback, create a struct jpeg_progress_mgr,
|
2770
|
-
fill in its progress_monitor field with a pointer to your callback routine,
|
2771
|
-
and set cinfo->progress to point to the struct. The callback will be called
|
2772
|
-
whenever cinfo->progress is non-NULL. (This pointer is set to NULL by
|
2773
|
-
jpeg_create_compress or jpeg_create_decompress; the library will not change
|
2774
|
-
it thereafter. So if you allocate dynamic storage for the progress struct,
|
2775
|
-
make sure it will live as long as the JPEG object does. Allocating from the
|
2776
|
-
JPEG memory manager with lifetime JPOOL_PERMANENT will work nicely.) You
|
2777
|
-
can use the same callback routine for both compression and decompression.
|
2778
|
-
|
2779
|
-
The jpeg_progress_mgr struct contains four fields which are set by the library:
|
2780
|
-
long pass_counter; /* work units completed in this pass */
|
2781
|
-
long pass_limit; /* total number of work units in this pass */
|
2782
|
-
int completed_passes; /* passes completed so far */
|
2783
|
-
int total_passes; /* total number of passes expected */
|
2784
|
-
During any one pass, pass_counter increases from 0 up to (not including)
|
2785
|
-
pass_limit; the step size is usually but not necessarily 1. The pass_limit
|
2786
|
-
value may change from one pass to another. The expected total number of
|
2787
|
-
passes is in total_passes, and the number of passes already completed is in
|
2788
|
-
completed_passes. Thus the fraction of work completed may be estimated as
|
2789
|
-
completed_passes + (pass_counter/pass_limit)
|
2790
|
-
--------------------------------------------
|
2791
|
-
total_passes
|
2792
|
-
ignoring the fact that the passes may not be equal amounts of work.
|
2793
|
-
|
2794
|
-
When decompressing, pass_limit can even change within a pass, because it
|
2795
|
-
depends on the number of scans in the JPEG file, which isn't always known in
|
2796
|
-
advance. The computed fraction-of-work-done may jump suddenly (if the library
|
2797
|
-
discovers it has overestimated the number of scans) or even decrease (in the
|
2798
|
-
opposite case). It is not wise to put great faith in the work estimate.
|
2799
|
-
|
2800
|
-
When using the decompressor's buffered-image mode, the progress monitor work
|
2801
|
-
estimate is likely to be completely unhelpful, because the library has no way
|
2802
|
-
to know how many output passes will be demanded of it. Currently, the library
|
2803
|
-
sets total_passes based on the assumption that there will be one more output
|
2804
|
-
pass if the input file end hasn't yet been read (jpeg_input_complete() isn't
|
2805
|
-
TRUE), but no more output passes if the file end has been reached when the
|
2806
|
-
output pass is started. This means that total_passes will rise as additional
|
2807
|
-
output passes are requested. If you have a way of determining the input file
|
2808
|
-
size, estimating progress based on the fraction of the file that's been read
|
2809
|
-
will probably be more useful than using the library's value.
|
2810
|
-
|
2811
|
-
|
2812
|
-
Memory management
|
2813
|
-
-----------------
|
2814
|
-
|
2815
|
-
This section covers some key facts about the JPEG library's built-in memory
|
2816
|
-
manager. For more info, please read structure.txt's section about the memory
|
2817
|
-
manager, and consult the source code if necessary.
|
2818
|
-
|
2819
|
-
All memory and temporary file allocation within the library is done via the
|
2820
|
-
memory manager. If necessary, you can replace the "back end" of the memory
|
2821
|
-
manager to control allocation yourself (for example, if you don't want the
|
2822
|
-
library to use malloc() and free() for some reason).
|
2823
|
-
|
2824
|
-
Some data is allocated "permanently" and will not be freed until the JPEG
|
2825
|
-
object is destroyed. Most data is allocated "per image" and is freed by
|
2826
|
-
jpeg_finish_compress, jpeg_finish_decompress, or jpeg_abort. You can call the
|
2827
|
-
memory manager yourself to allocate structures that will automatically be
|
2828
|
-
freed at these times. Typical code for this is
|
2829
|
-
ptr = (*cinfo->mem->alloc_small) ((j_common_ptr) cinfo, JPOOL_IMAGE, size);
|
2830
|
-
Use JPOOL_PERMANENT to get storage that lasts as long as the JPEG object.
|
2831
|
-
Use alloc_large instead of alloc_small for anything bigger than a few Kbytes.
|
2832
|
-
There are also alloc_sarray and alloc_barray routines that automatically
|
2833
|
-
build 2-D sample or block arrays.
|
2834
|
-
|
2835
|
-
The library's minimum space requirements to process an image depend on the
|
2836
|
-
image's width, but not on its height, because the library ordinarily works
|
2837
|
-
with "strip" buffers that are as wide as the image but just a few rows high.
|
2838
|
-
Some operating modes (eg, two-pass color quantization) require full-image
|
2839
|
-
buffers. Such buffers are treated as "virtual arrays": only the current strip
|
2840
|
-
need be in memory, and the rest can be swapped out to a temporary file.
|
2841
|
-
|
2842
|
-
If you use the simplest memory manager back end (jmemnobs.c), then no
|
2843
|
-
temporary files are used; virtual arrays are simply malloc()'d. Images bigger
|
2844
|
-
than memory can be processed only if your system supports virtual memory.
|
2845
|
-
The other memory manager back ends support temporary files of various flavors
|
2846
|
-
and thus work in machines without virtual memory. They may also be useful on
|
2847
|
-
Unix machines if you need to process images that exceed available swap space.
|
2848
|
-
|
2849
|
-
When using temporary files, the library will make the in-memory buffers for
|
2850
|
-
its virtual arrays just big enough to stay within a "maximum memory" setting.
|
2851
|
-
Your application can set this limit by setting cinfo->mem->max_memory_to_use
|
2852
|
-
after creating the JPEG object. (Of course, there is still a minimum size for
|
2853
|
-
the buffers, so the max-memory setting is effective only if it is bigger than
|
2854
|
-
the minimum space needed.) If you allocate any large structures yourself, you
|
2855
|
-
must allocate them before jpeg_start_compress() or jpeg_start_decompress() in
|
2856
|
-
order to have them counted against the max memory limit. Also keep in mind
|
2857
|
-
that space allocated with alloc_small() is ignored, on the assumption that
|
2858
|
-
it's too small to be worth worrying about; so a reasonable safety margin
|
2859
|
-
should be left when setting max_memory_to_use.
|
2860
|
-
|
2861
|
-
If you use the jmemname.c or jmemdos.c memory manager back end, it is
|
2862
|
-
important to clean up the JPEG object properly to ensure that the temporary
|
2863
|
-
files get deleted. (This is especially crucial with jmemdos.c, where the
|
2864
|
-
"temporary files" may be extended-memory segments; if they are not freed,
|
2865
|
-
DOS will require a reboot to recover the memory.) Thus, with these memory
|
2866
|
-
managers, it's a good idea to provide a signal handler that will trap any
|
2867
|
-
early exit from your program. The handler should call either jpeg_abort()
|
2868
|
-
or jpeg_destroy() for any active JPEG objects. A handler is not needed with
|
2869
|
-
jmemnobs.c, and shouldn't be necessary with jmemansi.c or jmemmac.c either,
|
2870
|
-
since the C library is supposed to take care of deleting files made with
|
2871
|
-
tmpfile().
|
2872
|
-
|
2873
|
-
|
2874
|
-
Memory usage
|
2875
|
-
------------
|
2876
|
-
|
2877
|
-
Working memory requirements while performing compression or decompression
|
2878
|
-
depend on image dimensions, image characteristics (such as colorspace and
|
2879
|
-
JPEG process), and operating mode (application-selected options).
|
2880
|
-
|
2881
|
-
As of v6b, the decompressor requires:
|
2882
|
-
1. About 24K in more-or-less-fixed-size data. This varies a bit depending
|
2883
|
-
on operating mode and image characteristics (particularly color vs.
|
2884
|
-
grayscale), but it doesn't depend on image dimensions.
|
2885
|
-
2. Strip buffers (of size proportional to the image width) for IDCT and
|
2886
|
-
upsampling results. The worst case for commonly used sampling factors
|
2887
|
-
is about 34 bytes * width in pixels for a color image. A grayscale image
|
2888
|
-
only needs about 8 bytes per pixel column.
|
2889
|
-
3. A full-image DCT coefficient buffer is needed to decode a multi-scan JPEG
|
2890
|
-
file (including progressive JPEGs), or whenever you select buffered-image
|
2891
|
-
mode. This takes 2 bytes/coefficient. At typical 2x2 sampling, that's
|
2892
|
-
3 bytes per pixel for a color image. Worst case (1x1 sampling) requires
|
2893
|
-
6 bytes/pixel. For grayscale, figure 2 bytes/pixel.
|
2894
|
-
4. To perform 2-pass color quantization, the decompressor also needs a
|
2895
|
-
128K color lookup table and a full-image pixel buffer (3 bytes/pixel).
|
2896
|
-
This does not count any memory allocated by the application, such as a
|
2897
|
-
buffer to hold the final output image.
|
2898
|
-
|
2899
|
-
The above figures are valid for 8-bit JPEG data precision and a machine with
|
2900
|
-
32-bit ints. For 12-bit JPEG data, double the size of the strip buffers and
|
2901
|
-
quantization pixel buffer. The "fixed-size" data will be somewhat smaller
|
2902
|
-
with 16-bit ints, larger with 64-bit ints. Also, CMYK or other unusual
|
2903
|
-
color spaces will require different amounts of space.
|
2904
|
-
|
2905
|
-
The full-image coefficient and pixel buffers, if needed at all, do not
|
2906
|
-
have to be fully RAM resident; you can have the library use temporary
|
2907
|
-
files instead when the total memory usage would exceed a limit you set.
|
2908
|
-
(But if your OS supports virtual memory, it's probably better to just use
|
2909
|
-
jmemnobs and let the OS do the swapping.)
|
2910
|
-
|
2911
|
-
The compressor's memory requirements are similar, except that it has no need
|
2912
|
-
for color quantization. Also, it needs a full-image DCT coefficient buffer
|
2913
|
-
if Huffman-table optimization is asked for, even if progressive mode is not
|
2914
|
-
requested.
|
2915
|
-
|
2916
|
-
If you need more detailed information about memory usage in a particular
|
2917
|
-
situation, you can enable the MEM_STATS code in jmemmgr.c.
|
2918
|
-
|
2919
|
-
|
2920
|
-
Library compile-time options
|
2921
|
-
----------------------------
|
2922
|
-
|
2923
|
-
A number of compile-time options are available by modifying jmorecfg.h.
|
2924
|
-
|
2925
|
-
The JPEG standard provides for both the baseline 8-bit DCT process and
|
2926
|
-
a 12-bit DCT process. The IJG code supports 12-bit lossy JPEG if you define
|
2927
|
-
BITS_IN_JSAMPLE as 12 rather than 8. Note that this causes JSAMPLE to be
|
2928
|
-
larger than a char, so it affects the surrounding application's image data.
|
2929
|
-
The sample applications cjpeg and djpeg can support 12-bit mode only for PPM
|
2930
|
-
and GIF file formats; you must disable the other file formats to compile a
|
2931
|
-
12-bit cjpeg or djpeg. (install.txt has more information about that.)
|
2932
|
-
At present, a 12-bit library can handle *only* 12-bit images, not both
|
2933
|
-
precisions. (If you need to include both 8- and 12-bit libraries in a single
|
2934
|
-
application, you could probably do it by defining NEED_SHORT_EXTERNAL_NAMES
|
2935
|
-
for just one of the copies. You'd have to access the 8-bit and 12-bit copies
|
2936
|
-
from separate application source files. This is untested ... if you try it,
|
2937
|
-
we'd like to hear whether it works!)
|
2938
|
-
|
2939
|
-
Note that a 12-bit library always compresses in Huffman optimization mode,
|
2940
|
-
in order to generate valid Huffman tables. This is necessary because our
|
2941
|
-
default Huffman tables only cover 8-bit data. If you need to output 12-bit
|
2942
|
-
files in one pass, you'll have to supply suitable default Huffman tables.
|
2943
|
-
You may also want to supply your own DCT quantization tables; the existing
|
2944
|
-
quality-scaling code has been developed for 8-bit use, and probably doesn't
|
2945
|
-
generate especially good tables for 12-bit.
|
2946
|
-
|
2947
|
-
The maximum number of components (color channels) in the image is determined
|
2948
|
-
by MAX_COMPONENTS. The JPEG standard allows up to 255 components, but we
|
2949
|
-
expect that few applications will need more than four or so.
|
2950
|
-
|
2951
|
-
On machines with unusual data type sizes, you may be able to improve
|
2952
|
-
performance or reduce memory space by tweaking the various typedefs in
|
2953
|
-
jmorecfg.h. In particular, on some RISC CPUs, access to arrays of "short"s
|
2954
|
-
is quite slow; consider trading memory for speed by making JCOEF, INT16, and
|
2955
|
-
UINT16 be "int" or "unsigned int". UINT8 is also a candidate to become int.
|
2956
|
-
You probably don't want to make JSAMPLE be int unless you have lots of memory
|
2957
|
-
to burn.
|
2958
|
-
|
2959
|
-
You can reduce the size of the library by compiling out various optional
|
2960
|
-
functions. To do this, undefine xxx_SUPPORTED symbols as necessary.
|
2961
|
-
|
2962
|
-
You can also save a few K by not having text error messages in the library;
|
2963
|
-
the standard error message table occupies about 5Kb. This is particularly
|
2964
|
-
reasonable for embedded applications where there's no good way to display
|
2965
|
-
a message anyway. To do this, remove the creation of the message table
|
2966
|
-
(jpeg_std_message_table[]) from jerror.c, and alter format_message to do
|
2967
|
-
something reasonable without it. You could output the numeric value of the
|
2968
|
-
message code number, for example. If you do this, you can also save a couple
|
2969
|
-
more K by modifying the TRACEMSn() macros in jerror.h to expand to nothing;
|
2970
|
-
you don't need trace capability anyway, right?
|
2971
|
-
|
2972
|
-
|
2973
|
-
Portability considerations
|
2974
|
-
--------------------------
|
2975
|
-
|
2976
|
-
The JPEG library has been written to be extremely portable; the sample
|
2977
|
-
applications cjpeg and djpeg are slightly less so. This section summarizes
|
2978
|
-
the design goals in this area. (If you encounter any bugs that cause the
|
2979
|
-
library to be less portable than is claimed here, we'd appreciate hearing
|
2980
|
-
about them.)
|
2981
|
-
|
2982
|
-
The code works fine on ANSI C, C++, and pre-ANSI C compilers, using any of
|
2983
|
-
the popular system include file setups, and some not-so-popular ones too.
|
2984
|
-
See install.txt for configuration procedures.
|
2985
|
-
|
2986
|
-
The code is not dependent on the exact sizes of the C data types. As
|
2987
|
-
distributed, we make the assumptions that
|
2988
|
-
char is at least 8 bits wide
|
2989
|
-
short is at least 16 bits wide
|
2990
|
-
int is at least 16 bits wide
|
2991
|
-
long is at least 32 bits wide
|
2992
|
-
(These are the minimum requirements of the ANSI C standard.) Wider types will
|
2993
|
-
work fine, although memory may be used inefficiently if char is much larger
|
2994
|
-
than 8 bits or short is much bigger than 16 bits. The code should work
|
2995
|
-
equally well with 16- or 32-bit ints.
|
2996
|
-
|
2997
|
-
In a system where these assumptions are not met, you may be able to make the
|
2998
|
-
code work by modifying the typedefs in jmorecfg.h. However, you will probably
|
2999
|
-
have difficulty if int is less than 16 bits wide, since references to plain
|
3000
|
-
int abound in the code.
|
3001
|
-
|
3002
|
-
char can be either signed or unsigned, although the code runs faster if an
|
3003
|
-
unsigned char type is available. If char is wider than 8 bits, you will need
|
3004
|
-
to redefine JOCTET and/or provide custom data source/destination managers so
|
3005
|
-
that JOCTET represents exactly 8 bits of data on external storage.
|
3006
|
-
|
3007
|
-
The JPEG library proper does not assume ASCII representation of characters.
|
3008
|
-
But some of the image file I/O modules in cjpeg/djpeg do have ASCII
|
3009
|
-
dependencies in file-header manipulation; so does cjpeg's select_file_type()
|
3010
|
-
routine.
|
3011
|
-
|
3012
|
-
The JPEG library does not rely heavily on the C library. In particular, C
|
3013
|
-
stdio is used only by the data source/destination modules and the error
|
3014
|
-
handler, all of which are application-replaceable. (cjpeg/djpeg are more
|
3015
|
-
heavily dependent on stdio.) malloc and free are called only from the memory
|
3016
|
-
manager "back end" module, so you can use a different memory allocator by
|
3017
|
-
replacing that one file.
|
3018
|
-
|
3019
|
-
The code generally assumes that C names must be unique in the first 15
|
3020
|
-
characters. However, global function names can be made unique in the
|
3021
|
-
first 6 characters by defining NEED_SHORT_EXTERNAL_NAMES.
|
3022
|
-
|
3023
|
-
More info about porting the code may be gleaned by reading jconfig.txt,
|
3024
|
-
jmorecfg.h, and jinclude.h.
|
3025
|
-
|
3026
|
-
|
3027
|
-
Notes for MS-DOS implementors
|
3028
|
-
-----------------------------
|
3029
|
-
|
3030
|
-
The IJG code is designed to work efficiently in 80x86 "small" or "medium"
|
3031
|
-
memory models (i.e., data pointers are 16 bits unless explicitly declared
|
3032
|
-
"far"; code pointers can be either size). You may be able to use small
|
3033
|
-
model to compile cjpeg or djpeg by itself, but you will probably have to use
|
3034
|
-
medium model for any larger application. This won't make much difference in
|
3035
|
-
performance. You *will* take a noticeable performance hit if you use a
|
3036
|
-
large-data memory model (perhaps 10%-25%), and you should avoid "huge" model
|
3037
|
-
if at all possible.
|
3038
|
-
|
3039
|
-
The JPEG library typically needs 2Kb-3Kb of stack space. It will also
|
3040
|
-
malloc about 20K-30K of near heap space while executing (and lots of far
|
3041
|
-
heap, but that doesn't count in this calculation). This figure will vary
|
3042
|
-
depending on selected operating mode, and to a lesser extent on image size.
|
3043
|
-
There is also about 5Kb-6Kb of constant data which will be allocated in the
|
3044
|
-
near data segment (about 4Kb of this is the error message table).
|
3045
|
-
Thus you have perhaps 20K available for other modules' static data and near
|
3046
|
-
heap space before you need to go to a larger memory model. The C library's
|
3047
|
-
static data will account for several K of this, but that still leaves a good
|
3048
|
-
deal for your needs. (If you are tight on space, you could reduce the sizes
|
3049
|
-
of the I/O buffers allocated by jdatasrc.c and jdatadst.c, say from 4K to
|
3050
|
-
1K. Another possibility is to move the error message table to far memory;
|
3051
|
-
this should be doable with only localized hacking on jerror.c.)
|
3052
|
-
|
3053
|
-
About 2K of the near heap space is "permanent" memory that will not be
|
3054
|
-
released until you destroy the JPEG object. This is only an issue if you
|
3055
|
-
save a JPEG object between compression or decompression operations.
|
3056
|
-
|
3057
|
-
Far data space may also be a tight resource when you are dealing with large
|
3058
|
-
images. The most memory-intensive case is decompression with two-pass color
|
3059
|
-
quantization, or single-pass quantization to an externally supplied color
|
3060
|
-
map. This requires a 128Kb color lookup table plus strip buffers amounting
|
3061
|
-
to about 40 bytes per column for typical sampling ratios (eg, about 25600
|
3062
|
-
bytes for a 640-pixel-wide image). You may not be able to process wide
|
3063
|
-
images if you have large data structures of your own.
|
3064
|
-
|
3065
|
-
Of course, all of these concerns vanish if you use a 32-bit flat-memory-model
|
3066
|
-
compiler, such as DJGPP or Watcom C. We highly recommend flat model if you
|
3067
|
-
can use it; the JPEG library is significantly faster in flat model.
|