badline 0.16.1 → 0.17.0

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data/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,65 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## [0.17.0](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/compare/v0.16.1...v0.17.0) (2026-10-19)
+
+
+### Features
+
+* add the 6525 TPI ([5ff88b4](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/5ff88b420bdffaf0179e1a254416755bb0cc6d64))
+* add the 6530 RRIOT as a bare chip, with the 8050's masks ([9d91534](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/9d915346a031d186db706f80ca644b5d63dcea7c))
+* add the 6532 RIOT as a bare chip ([76634e5](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/76634e56584c452e7bba2849d7c7d4f0468515e4))
+* add the 8050 and 8250's board, booting both processors ([841ade8](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/841ade887cb047ccc45f13fba74fe9a24ab4c74e))
+* add the 8050 and 8250's drives, reading and writing .d80 and .d82 images ([6e05a3e](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/6e05a3e6da8e9fd4addfad972bfe4f9d5593aac8))
+* add the CBM-II's 6509 and its segment bus ([59e114b](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/59e114b3a9913d2c1f5f50e46410657a1c8b5292))
+* boot the CBM-II's B series to READY, headless ([586c699](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/586c6997b6e0384641c98cc07a48e252ed92cce7))
+* boot the P500 and run its testbench rows ([0f02bd0](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/0f02bd07f75ff0a4e9832370a8b98b2985cad84b))
+* boot the P500 to READY, headless ([cbd9b29](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/cbd9b296d41ebc2b302a2b5bff02cf30a68c83f5))
+* bundle the 8050 and 8250's DOS 2.7 ([0889ccc](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/0889ccc6297246ffc7ccb0acf025d8aa44c560f4))
+* bundle the 8050 controller's 6530 mask ROMs ([3ac2932](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/3ac293218676d33cc09656cb9ae2e52357896171))
+* bundle the CBM-II ROMs ([beca63a](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/beca63aca091a4dd86f9e262b5d3105977839c32))
+* fetch a sprite's phi2 bytes over the P500's video bus ([0079ef4](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/0079ef4b8572c14adcf5e27dc6e90e426e124030))
+* format, rename and copy on the virtual DOS ([46d49a5](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/46d49a553d5ff9ea564dc8c6d421b8dd0fac945f))
+* let the CBM-II's bus take a P500's screen and video pages ([d57648c](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/d57648cc53f40afbf6a80f96b7c11aaae5f75881))
+* map a true 2031 to and from xpet's .vsf ([06e8725](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/06e87257aeac59a5b8471cfaf9be3c0fbd6903b6))
+* paint the CBM-II's B series picture from its 6845 ([1033f06](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/1033f06071566166b59d9508ba8b1bf33ee4d3df))
+* plug a mouse or paddles into the P500's ports in the window ([d25dc30](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/d25dc302bce0d2d654c64de48add9971c96061c1))
+* put an 8050 or 8250 on the PET's IEEE-488 bus for a .d80 or .d82 ([9a7ff9a](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/9a7ff9a78439fd4fae4b4765da85e26b14c66cdb))
+* put the CBM-II's IEEE-488 ports on the bus for a true 2031, 8050 or 8250 ([f1906bb](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/f1906bbd0b89fe5b27783fda1ac5beee31ce4c60))
+* put the P500's IEEE-488 ports on the bus, and let --true-drive reach the CBM-II ([1228a6b](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/1228a6b3ad8800a7b14a76ce2ae878ff7869f16e))
+* read and write a PET's 8050 or 8250 in xpet's .vsf ([618397c](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/618397c8d11023ea7a6c7b339cc3fa80ff2352d3))
+* read and write the CBM-II's B series in xcbm2's .vsf ([b56cc71](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/b56cc71064442c5e354e9415f1a5bec6110e1950))
+* read and write the CBM-II's true drives in xcbm2's and xcbm5x0's .vsf ([7975d43](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/7975d4312a77ddb16565b95002c3928623d3b906))
+* read and write the P500 in xcbm5x0's .vsf ([ebe273f](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/ebe273f7ed7a571cbe42fda822875c24afe0efde))
+* read the P500's paddles through the SID and its light pen on PA6 ([40361cd](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/40361cdb3f5a2229ce523e45912522fff07d0580))
+* read the P500's video bus in the VIC's bank ([4cddf8c](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/4cddf8c55e39373c00bb26218dc70966797a05a8))
+* recognise CBM-II cartridge images ([125419c](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/125419ce1d40a2c1943f6629397a125031bbf2d2))
+* register the CBM-II family, refused until it boots ([c90d9a4](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/c90d9a4f06496e1f9b08781989bcb5bbe7350b3d))
+* run the CBM-II's B series in the window, with its keys, KEYBOARD page and Power page ([41045ef](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/41045efb6cff8452ef32b0939b90fa293a87b2ab))
+* run the CBM-II's testbench rows, and diff and check it on Spinel ([36f7b87](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/36f7b8789c6dbe191d5ad96d8b79bd6f9446894c))
+* run the P500 in the window, with its joysticks, keys and Power page ([497bbe6](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/497bbe602d48896738281b34a5e33e51da910a7e))
+* run the P500's testbench rows, and diff and check it on Spinel ([fa0188b](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/fa0188bccf2ae24ca00c57d4fae082e96505c323))
+* save and restore the CBM-II in keyed snapshots ([a477ffd](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/a477ffdb9f169d3518867a85e94a7cd8b9653584))
+* save and restore the PET's 8050 or 8250 in keyed snapshots ([4f6cdd2](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/4f6cdd2b2b2e5599104bc6ae6522f3b8d0435252))
+* serve the CBM-II's device 8 through its IEEE-488 traps, and attach its media ([521947f](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/521947f594810dbff84e4c06a1752de54ce728d3))
+* serve the P500's device 8 through its KERNAL's IEEE-488 traps ([4f01bc5](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/4f01bc5371ae53982982cde1fed4175ff6e442dc))
+* settle a PET's 8050 into its controller's idle loop for xpet's .vsf ([f3c7a84](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/f3c7a84ddb3ef8bd37c0085a36c429b924ece83c))
+* settle the CBM-II's sound, RS-232 and user port, and the 6525's mask readback ([e256879](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/e2568796740938472ca01ead18e138fdaccdae5c))
+* sleep the 8050 and 8250 through their idle loops ([5ba4654](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/5ba4654ec57f4f1c194c37a3dc2bfd34eb137c10))
+* take badline cbm2 with --model, --kernal and --60hz, and pick the CBM-II for its cartridges ([87dadcc](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/87dadcc67b3be5dda237d6b85802b2b41f03b73c))
+* take the CBM-II's DRAM refresh cycles from its CPU ([62df423](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/62df42301369f3c94b01df84013538c7d5ca087c))
+* take the P500 as badline cbm2 --model 510 or 510ntsc, with KERNAL 02 ([219fb0a](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/219fb0aef0eef3c54aadeabd9402af7b6d999982))
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* end no CRTC row in the vertical adjust ([f3ac171](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/f3ac1713954f093e85a40c981b0a012c0e251069))
+* lay files out on disk images as the DOS does ([8494ee1](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/8494ee10a5ac589fe74e54b96fe06887fc95baff))
+
+
+### Performance Improvements
+
+* clock the PET's cassette decks only while a tape runs ([196f73b](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/commit/196f73b142c8457d760cb6220063395e4dff6c03))
+
 ## [0.16.1](https://github.com/elektronaut/badline/compare/v0.16.0...v0.16.1) (2026-10-18)
 
 

data/CLAUDE.md

@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ serial bus, its media, the CPU port or the datasette.
 Its tests run one at a time as the C64's do, with
 `ruby --yjit bin/lorenz --plus4 --resume <test> --stop-after <test>`; the C128 (`c128.rb`, `c128/`), or
 the VIC-IIe, CPU or PLA code it shares with the C64 → `testbench-c128c64`
-(`bin/testbench --c128c64`); the PET (`pet.rb`, `pet/`), its 6520 PIA (`chips/pia.rb`) or its CRTC (`chips/crtc.rb`) → `testbench-pet` (`bin/testbench --pet`) and `testbench-pet-discrete` (`bin/testbench --pet-discrete`); the C128's Z80, MMU or hand-over → `testbench-c128-z80` (`bin/testbench --c128-z80`) and `testbench-c128`; SID → `sid`, plus `sid-8580` for anything the 8580
+(`bin/testbench --c128c64`); the PET (`pet.rb`, `pet/`), its 6520 PIA (`chips/pia.rb`) or its CRTC (`chips/crtc.rb`) → `testbench-pet` (`bin/testbench --pet`) and `testbench-pet-discrete` (`bin/testbench --pet-discrete`), plus `testbench-cbm2` for the CRTC; the CBM-II (`cbm2.rb`, `cbm2/`), its 6525 TPI (`chips/tpi.rb`) or the CIA, SID and ACIA it shares → `testbench-cbm2` (`bin/testbench --cbm2`), plus `testbench-cbm5x0` (`bin/testbench --cbm5x0`); the P500 (`cbm2/p500.rb`, `cbm2/p500/`) → `testbench-cbm5x0`, which the VIC (`chips/vic*`) reaches too; the C128's Z80, MMU or hand-over → `testbench-c128-z80` (`bin/testbench --c128-z80`) and `testbench-c128`; SID → `sid`, plus `sid-8580` for anything the 8580
 model reaches (`bin/sidtests --sid 8580`). Leave the Lorenz chain to CI,
 unless your code has a rule in `doc/pinned-behaviour.md` that names Lorenz
 tests: the interrupt polling, CPU port and CIA timer rules. Run just the

data/README.md

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ are modelled at the cycle level.
 It runs programs, disk and tape images, cartridges and SID tunes, and
 the SDL2 front end supports the keyboard, joysticks, game controllers,
 paddles and a 1351 mouse. It also runs a PAL VIC-20, as
-`badline vic20`, the C128, in C128 mode on 40 or 80 columns and in C64 mode, as `badline c128`, the Plus/4, the C16 and the C116, as `badline plus4`, and the PET and CBM, as `badline pet`. See [What's emulated](#whats-emulated) for the details.
+`badline vic20`, the C128, in C128 mode on 40 or 80 columns and in C64 mode, as `badline c128`, the Plus/4, the C16 and the C116, as `badline plus4`, the PET and CBM, as `badline pet`, and the CBM-II, the B series and the P500, as `badline cbm2`. See [What's emulated](#whats-emulated) for the details.
 
 It comes in two builds of the same emulator:
 
@@ -70,8 +70,9 @@ from it.
 The first argument can name the machine, as in `badline c64 game.prg`.
 The C64 is the default, and `--model` picks which C64. See
 [The VIC-20](#the-vic-20) for `badline vic20`, [The C128](#the-c128)
-for `badline c128`, [The Plus/4](#the-plus4) for `badline plus4` and
-[The PET](#the-pet) for `badline pet`.
+for `badline c128`, [The Plus/4](#the-plus4) for `badline plus4`,
+[The PET](#the-pet) for `badline pet` and [The CBM-II](#the-cbm-ii) for
+`badline cbm2`.
 
 `badline-ruby` takes the same media and the same options, with the
 differences noted in the table. `--help` lists the options for either.
@@ -82,19 +83,20 @@ differences noted in the table. `--help` lists the options for either.
 | --- | --- |
 | `--no-autostart` | Attach the media and stop at `READY.`, so you can type the `LOAD` yourself |
 | `--writable` | Let the machine write to disk images. Without it, a disk goes in write-protected: the drive reports `26,WRITE PROTECT ON` for any write and the image file stays as it was |
-| `--true-drive` | Put an emulated 1541 on device 8 instead of the KERNAL traps, a 1551 on the Plus/4, or a 2031 on the PET. See [Media](#media) |
+| `--true-drive` | Put an emulated 1541 on device 8 instead of the KERNAL traps, a 1551 on the Plus/4, or a 2031 on the PET or the CBM-II, or for a `.d80` or `.d82` an 8050 or 8250. See [Media](#media) |
 | `--drive-type 1541` | On the Plus/4, make the true drive on device 8 an emulated 1541 on the serial bus in place of the 1551. It implies `--true-drive`. See [The Plus/4](#the-plus4) |
 | `-s`, `--subtune N` | Pick a subtune of a `.sid` file, counting from 1 |
 | `--sid 6581`, `--sid 8580` | Fit the older or newer SID. `--sid auto`, the default, takes a `.sid` tune's own |
 | `--ram SIZE` | Give a VIC-20 the RAM expansion `SIZE`: `unexpanded`, `3k`, `8k`, `16k`, `24k`, `32k` or `all`. Without it, the VIC-20 gets the expansion its media needs. See [The VIC-20](#the-vic-20). On the Plus/4, `16k`, `32k` or `64k` of RAM in place of the model's own, and on the PET `4k`, `8k`, `16k` or `32k` |
-| `--60hz` | Run a CRTC PET's 60 Hz editor in place of its 50 Hz one. See [The PET](#the-pet) |
+| `--60hz` | Run a CRTC PET's 60 Hz editor in place of its 50 Hz one, or a CBM-II on 60 Hz mains. See [The PET](#the-pet) and [The CBM-II](#the-cbm-ii) |
+| `--kernal 04a`, `--kernal 03b` | Fit a B series CBM-II with KERNAL 901244-04a (the default) or 901244-03b. The P500 takes its own, `02`. See [The CBM-II](#the-cbm-ii) |
 | `--basic VERSION`, `--editor NAME` | Fit a PET with an upgrade ROM its board takes: BASIC `1`, `2` or `4`, or an editor. See [The PET](#the-pet) |
 | `--c1lo FILE`, `--c1hi FILE`, `--c2lo FILE`, `--c2hi FILE` | Put a raw `.bin` ROM image in one of the Plus/4's cartridge slots: cartridge 1 or 2, low (`$8000`) or high (`$C000`). See [The Plus/4](#the-plus4) |
 | `--sid-card 6581`, `--sid-card 8580` | Fit a Plus/4 or C16 with a SID card at `$FD40`. See [The Plus/4](#the-plus4) |
 | `--sid-card-address fd40`, `--sid-card-address fe80` | Put the SID card at `$FD40` (the default) or at `$FE80` |
 | `--ram-expansion NAME` | Fit a Plus/4 or C16 with a RAM expansion: `hannes256`, `hannes1m` or `csory256`. See [The Plus/4](#the-plus4) |
 | `--reu SIZE` | Plug in a RAM Expansion Unit of `SIZE` K: 128, 256, 512 (a 1750) or up to 16384 |
-| `--model NAME` | Run another model of the machine, named as in VICE. For the C64: `c64` (the default, a PAL C64 with the 6569 VIC-II, 6526 CIAs and the 6581 SID), `c64c` (the PAL C64C, with the 8565, 6526As and the 8580), `ntsc` (the 6567R8), `newntsc` (the NTSC C64C, with the 8562, 6526As and the 8580), `oldntsc` (the first NTSC C64s' 6567R56A), `drean` (the Drean C64 of Argentina, PAL-N with the 6572), `sx64` (the portable SX-64, with its own KERNAL and no datasette), `pet64` (the PET 64 or Educator 64, a PAL C64 in a PET's case with its own KERNAL and a green monochrome monitor) `c64gs` (the C64GS games console, a PAL C64C with its own BASIC and KERNAL, and no keyboard or datasette) or `ultimax` (the MAX Machine of Japan, NTSC with 2K of RAM, one CIA and no ROMs, which runs only a cartridge). `--sid` or a `.sid` tune's own SID takes the model's place. The VIC-20, the C128, the Plus/4 and the PET have models of their own: see their sections |
+| `--model NAME` | Run another model of the machine, named as in VICE. For the C64: `c64` (the default, a PAL C64 with the 6569 VIC-II, 6526 CIAs and the 6581 SID), `c64c` (the PAL C64C, with the 8565, 6526As and the 8580), `ntsc` (the 6567R8), `newntsc` (the NTSC C64C, with the 8562, 6526As and the 8580), `oldntsc` (the first NTSC C64s' 6567R56A), `drean` (the Drean C64 of Argentina, PAL-N with the 6572), `sx64` (the portable SX-64, with its own KERNAL and no datasette), `pet64` (the PET 64 or Educator 64, a PAL C64 in a PET's case with its own KERNAL and a green monochrome monitor) `c64gs` (the C64GS games console, a PAL C64C with its own BASIC and KERNAL, and no keyboard or datasette) or `ultimax` (the MAX Machine of Japan, NTSC with 2K of RAM, one CIA and no ROMs, which runs only a cartridge). `--sid` or a `.sid` tune's own SID takes the model's place. The VIC-20, the C128, the Plus/4, the PET and the CBM-II have models of their own: see their sections |
 | `--ntsc` | Run an NTSC C64, as `--model ntsc` does |
 | `--c64` | Start a C128 in C64 mode, holding `C=` at power-on. See [The C128](#the-c128) |
 | `--no-sound` | Don't play the SID (`badline` only, where sound is on by default) |
@@ -115,7 +117,7 @@ differences noted in the table. `--help` lists the options for either.
 | `--script FILE` | Run the events in `FILE`, one `FRAME:EVENT` a line |
 | `--screenshot FILE` | Save the last frame as a `.bmp` |
 | `--save-snapshot FILE` | Save the machine as a `.vsf` snapshot after the last frame |
-| `--vice` | Add VICE's modules to `--save-snapshot`'s C64 or PET snapshot, so x64sc or xpet opens it too |
+| `--vice` | Add VICE's modules to `--save-snapshot`'s C64, PET or CBM-II snapshot, so x64sc, xpet, xcbm2 or xcbm5x0 opens it too |
 
 ```sh
 badline --unpaced --frames 12000 --true-drive disk1.d64 \
@@ -141,7 +143,7 @@ library, are covered in [doc/library.md](doc/library.md).
 | `.tap` | Inserted in the datasette with PLAY pressed, then `LOAD` and `RUN`. It loads at the speed of a real tape |
 | `.crt` | The hardware types listed under [Cartridges](#whats-emulated). Other types are rejected |
 | `.sid` | PSID and RSID tunes, started through a small driver after boot |
-| `.vsf` | A snapshot of a running machine, badline's own or one VICE's x64sc saved. See [Snapshots](#snapshots) |
+| `.vsf` | A snapshot of a running machine, badline's own or one VICE's x64sc, xpet, xcbm2 or xcbm5x0 saved. See [Snapshots](#snapshots) |
 | A directory | Mounted as device 8. It serves the `.prg` and `.p00` files in it and the contents of any `.t64`, and `SAVE` writes a new `.prg` |
 
 Without `--true-drive`, device 8 is no drive at all but traps on the
@@ -367,6 +369,57 @@ jumpers. The PET has no
 joysticks. `F11` and the Snapshots page save it as they do the others,
 but not for VICE.
 
+## The CBM-II
+
+`badline cbm2` runs a CBM 610 of the B series, with BASIC 128 and 80
+columns on a green screen, and takes programs, disks and cartridges:
+
+```sh
+badline cbm2                        # READY., in BASIC 128
+badline cbm2 game.prg               # Load and run a program
+badline cbm2 game.d82               # Mount an 8250's disk as device 8 and load it
+badline cbm2 game.crt               # Put a cartridge in and start the machine
+badline cbm2 --model 720            # A 720, with 256K and the 700's monitor
+badline cbm2 --model 510 game.d82   # A P500, the CBM 510, on the VIC-II
+```
+
+`--model` picks the machine: `610` (the default, 128K), `620` (256K,
+with BASIC 256), `710` and `720` (the same with the 700's monitor and
+character ROM, 25 rows of 14 lines). `--kernal 03b` fits the 1983
+KERNAL, 901244-03b, in place of 901244-04a, the default, which VICE
+runs too, and on a 610 or a 710 BASIC 128's 1983 release, 02b, with it. The machine runs on 50 Hz mains, and
+`--60hz` on 60 Hz, which also sets a 600's jumper for its editor's
+60 Hz table. The mains is the system tick and the clock of the CIA's
+time of day.
+
+A program loads at the start of BASIC, `$0003` in segment 1, and runs.
+Disks of every kind, `.d80` and `.d82` among them, go through the
+KERNAL traps on the IEEE-488 bus as device 8, or with `--true-drive` an
+emulated 2031 on the bus, which reads `.d64` and `.g64` images, and an
+8050 for a `.d80` or an 8250 for a `.d82`. A 610's first `LOAD` from a
+2031 after power-on finds no file, as on xcbm2, and the second loads.
+A `.d80` or `.d82` on its own starts a PET, so `cbm2` names the machine
+for one, but a cartridge made for the CBM-II starts it without `cbm2`.
+The cartridge goes in from the command line or Quick open. There is no
+datasette. The SID plays through the host's audio device at
+the machine's 2 MHz, as the C64's does. The keys type what the host's
+keys type, as on the PET, and `Alt` with a key presses the keys the
+host has none for: [Input](#input) lists them. The pause menu's Power
+page names the model, its RAM, the mains and the KERNAL, and its
+Expansion port page its RAM. The B series has no joysticks. `F11` and
+the Snapshots page save it as they do the others, and `--vice` adds
+xcbm2's modules, so xcbm2 opens the file too.
+
+`--model 510` runs the P500, the CBM 510: the B series' CPU, SID, CIA,
+ACIA and keyboard at about 1 MHz, with a VIC-II for 40 columns in
+colour, 128K of RAM and its own KERNAL, 901234-02. `510` is PAL on
+50 Hz mains, and `510ntsc` NTSC on 60 Hz. A program loads at `$0003` in
+segment 0. Its keys are the B series', and it has two joysticks on its
+control ports: `Tab` switches the keys to them, as on the C64, and game
+controllers drive them. The pause menu's Ports page plugs a 1351 mouse
+or a pair of paddles into either port, as on the C64, and while the
+keys type, says where its keys are.
+
 ## Snapshots
 
 `F11` quicksaves the whole machine to the next of five slots in
@@ -375,8 +428,8 @@ newest, even after badline has quit and started again. badline also
 autosaves every two minutes of play, and the pause menu's Snapshots page
 saves under a name and loads any of them. Snapshots from badline 0.14.0
 on load in every later version. They use VICE's `.vsf` format: badline
-opens those x64sc and xpet save, and x64sc and xpet open badline's saved
-with `--vice`.
+opens those x64sc, xpet, xcbm2 and xcbm5x0 save, and they open
+badline's saved with `--vice`.
 See [doc/snapshots.md](doc/snapshots.md) for where they're kept, what
 they hold and how far the two agree.
 
@@ -458,6 +511,31 @@ listing them too:
 
 On the PET `Tab` is a key, since there are no joysticks to switch to.
 
+The CBM-II types the characters on the host's keys as the PET does, so
+Shift and `'` type `"` with the CBM-II's `SHIFT` and `'`. `F9` and
+`F10` keep opening the pause menu and muting, and `F12` is `RUN/STOP`
+in place of loading a snapshot. Its keys without a character are here,
+with the pause menu's Keyboard page listing them too:
+
+| CBM-II | Host |
+|--------|------|
+| `ESC` | `Escape` |
+| `RUN/STOP` | `F12` |
+| `CLR/HOME` | `Home` |
+| `INST/DEL` | `Backspace` |
+| `TAB` | `Tab` |
+| `CTRL` | `Ctrl` |
+| `F1`-`F8` | `F1`-`F8` |
+| `F9` / `F10` | `Alt` and `F9` / `F10` |
+| `CRSR ←` / `→` / `↑` / `↓` | `Left` / `Right` / `Up` / `Down` |
+| `←` | `_` or `` ` ``, and with `SHIFT` it's `\` |
+| Keypad | The keypad, and `Alt` and `0` for `00` |
+| `C=` | `Alt` and `C` |
+| `CE` | `Alt` and `E` |
+| `NORM/GRAPH` | `Alt` and `G` |
+| `OFF/RVS` | `Alt` and `R` |
+| `π` | `Alt` and `P` |
+
 `Tab` switches the keys between the C64 keyboard and the joysticks. The
 window title shows where they go, and any device plugged into a control
 port:
@@ -501,9 +579,9 @@ too.
 | Drive 8 | The disk: insert, eject, the previous or next disk of its set, and whether it's writable |
 | Datasette | The tape: insert, eject, PLAY and REWIND |
 | Expansion port | The cartridge's name: a `.crt`'s own, or a raw image's file name. Insert, remove, and its freeze button if it has one. On the VIC-20, the cartridge and the RAM expansion |
-| Ports | The device in each control port, and where the keys go. On the PET, Keyboard: where its keys are |
+| Ports | The device in each control port, and where the keys go. On the PET and the CBM-II's B series, Keyboard: where its keys are, and on the P500 also where its keys are while they type |
 | Sound | Mute, and the SID's model |
-| Power | Reset, power cycle and quit, on a C128 its model and mode, and on a Plus/4 or a PET its model and RAM |
+| Power | Reset, power cycle and quit, on a C128 its model and mode, on a Plus/4 or a PET its model and RAM, and on a CBM-II its model, RAM, mains and KERNAL |
 
 INSERT opens a file browser. A disk's set is the `.m3u` or `.vfl` list it
 was opened from, or one in its folder that lists it. Without one, it comes
@@ -560,6 +638,18 @@ in cartridge 1 as it does from the command line.
   8296's 128K with its jumpers, RA4 and 4K character ROM, both
   cassette ports and device 8 on the IEEE-488 bus through the KERNAL
   traps, `.d80` and `.d82` among its disks (`badline pet`).
+- **CBM-II**: the B series' 610, 620, 710 and 720, with the 6509 at
+  2 MHz and its sixteen segments, 128K or 256K of RAM, BASIC 128 or 256
+  with KERNAL 04a or 03b, the 6845 CRTC on 80 columns, the SID, the
+  6526 CIA, the 6551 ACIA, both 6525 TPIs, the keyboard, the 50 or 60 Hz
+  mains, cartridges, and device 8 on the IEEE-488 bus through the
+  KERNAL traps (`badline cbm2`).
+- **P500**: the CBM 510, PAL and NTSC, with the B series' 6509, SID,
+  CIA, ACIA and TPIs at the VIC-II's clock, the VIC-II on the P500's
+  video bus, 128K of RAM, the keyboard, both joysticks, a 1351 mouse or
+  paddles on either port, and device 8
+  on the IEEE-488 bus through the KERNAL traps
+  (`badline cbm2 --model 510`).
 - **2031**: the PET's single drive, the 1541's board and DOS 2.6 on the
   IEEE-488 bus, with the bus's handshake on every line
   (`badline pet --true-drive`).

data/doc/media.md

@@ -15,8 +15,11 @@ the directory of any medium mounted there, as a 1541 does.
 The command channel answers `I`, `B-P` and `U1` block reads, which
 covers loaders that read blocks directly. On a writable disk image it
 also takes `SAVE` (with `@0:` to replace a file), files opened for
-writing or appending, `S` to scratch, `U2` and `B-W` block writes, and
-`B-A` and `B-F`. It doesn't rename, copy, format or validate disks.
+writing or appending, `S` to scratch, `U2` and `B-W` block writes,
+`B-A` and `B-F`, `N` to format the disk (or, without an ID, clear it),
+`R` to rename a file and `C` to copy or join files, with the reports a
+2031 or 8050 gives. It acts as a single drive, so it doesn't duplicate
+or copy whole disks (`D`, `C1=0`), and it doesn't validate disks.
 Loaders that upload their own code to the drive with `M-W` and `M-E`,
 and copy protection that reads raw GCR, won't work there, but do on a
 true drive.

data/doc/pinned-behaviour.md

@@ -50,6 +50,8 @@ only catches the rows that happen to move.
 - [`.sid` tune banking](#sid-tune-banking)
 - [PET discrete video](#pet-discrete-video)
 - [PET CRTC](#pet-crtc)
+- [CBM-II DRAM refresh](#cbm-ii-dram-refresh)
+- [6509 indirection segment](#6509-indirection-segment)
 
 ## CPU interrupt recognition
 
@@ -2214,6 +2216,21 @@ testprogs named.
   - Spec guard: *past an R1 it missed*, *repeats a row*, *past an R9 it
     missed* and *past an R6 it missed* in
     [`chips/crtc_spec.rb`](../spec/badline/chips/crtc_spec.rb).
+- The R5 lines of vertical adjust end no row: the line counter counts
+  them from 0 to R5, and passing R9 neither restarts it nor moves the
+  next row's start, so every adjust line starts where the last row left
+  off. The datasheets (MOS 6545-1, sheets 7-11) give R5 as extra scan
+  lines to complete the frame, apart from the R4 rows, and the address
+  sequence of their figure 4 moves on only per row. The 8032's 901474-04
+  editor dated 0283 sets R5 above R9 (16 lines against 9-line rows, 17
+  against 8 in graphics mode) and its 313-line frame runs on real 8032s,
+  so passing R9 can't end a row there, and the same compare moving the
+  start would be a row end that doesn't happen. xpet's black box agrees.
+  Only a frame whose display runs on through the adjust (R6 past R4)
+  shows it; no editor's does, and the PET has no light pen wired.
+  - Not pinned by a test row: no testbench row runs the 0283 editor.
+  - Spec guard: *with a vertical adjust longer than a row* in
+    [`chips/crtc_spec.rb`](../spec/badline/chips/crtc_spec.rb).
 - The picture is framed as xpet frames its screenshots: R1's characters
   in the middle of 704 dots (80 columns) or 384 (40); each character as
   far right as it comes after its line's horizontal sync, so lines whose
@@ -2229,3 +2246,47 @@ testprogs named.
     cycle dot for dot.
   - Spec guard:
     [`pet/crtc_video_spec.rb`](../spec/badline/pet/crtc_video_spec.rb).
+
+## CBM-II DRAM refresh
+
+- The B series' DRAM refresh takes the 6509's clock away for one cycle:
+  a counter of the CPU's cycles asks for a refresh once it reaches 20
+  and stops there, the refresh comes on the next opcode fetch, which it
+  holds off a cycle, and it clears the counter. A JMP loop, fetching
+  every third cycle, loses one cycle in 22. Read off sheet 3 of
+  schematic 8256043 (U89, U88 and U55: the request at count 20, gated
+  with SYNC, clocked by SPhi1, driving RDY and REFEN) and sheet 2 (REFEN
+  clearing the CPU's phi2 flip-flop U57).
+  - Pinned by `CBM2/cbm2-burnin.d80`'s 6526 timer test, which starts
+    timer A at $8888 and counts a 12-cycle loop until its interrupt
+    flag rises, and passes only at exactly 10 pages and $DB: 2,779
+    loops. Without the refresh badline counts 2,895, and stealing a
+    cycle in every 24 or 25, or five a line, misses by one or more.
+    xcbm2, which steals nothing, shows the cell BAD.
+  - Spec guard: *takes a cycle for the DRAM's refresh* in
+    [`cbm2_spec.rb`](../spec/badline/cbm2_spec.rb).
+
+## 6509 indirection segment
+
+- LDA (zp),Y and STA (zp),Y take the indirection segment for every
+  access at the address they index: the dummy read before the data, as
+  well as the data. The opcode and the zero-page pointer stay in the
+  execution segment.
+  - Pinned by `CBM2/cbm2-burnin.d80`'s 6526 TOD test. It sets the time
+    with STA (zp),Y into segment 15, hours first, polls the tenths until
+    they leave the value written, then checks the tenths, seconds,
+    minutes and hours against the time one tenth on, which leaves the
+    clock latched. In the run that steps the seconds from 01:00:01.9,
+    each step starts latched at the previous step's result, tenths 0,
+    and with that latch held the first poll reads the stale 0, matches
+    the expected tenths and fails on the live seconds, one short. The
+    store's dummy read of the tenths releases the latch before they are
+    written. With the dummy read in the execution segment it reads RAM,
+    and the burn-in's grid grades $FF.
+  - The CIA keeps its latch through writes: `CIA/ciavarious/cia15.prg`'s
+    test B sets X:59:59.8 with absolute stores, hours first, after
+    reading the hours, and its reference has the hour unchanged for odd
+    X, where the first wait reads the stale latched tenths 0 and falls
+    through. A write to the tenths that released the latch fails it.
+  - Spec guard: *makes STA (zp),Y's dummy read in the indirection
+    segment* in [`cbm2/cpu_spec.rb`](../spec/badline/cbm2/cpu_spec.rb).