activerecord 4.2.0 → 6.0.0

data/lib/active_record/log_subscriber.rb

@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module ActiveRecord
   class LogSubscriber < ActiveSupport::LogSubscriber
     IGNORE_PAYLOAD_NAMES = ["SCHEMA", "EXPLAIN"]
 
+    class_attribute :backtrace_cleaner, default: ActiveSupport::BacktraceCleaner.new
+
     def self.runtime=(value)
       ActiveRecord::RuntimeRegistry.sql_runtime = value
     end
@@ -15,25 +19,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
       rt
     end
 
-    def initialize
-      super
-      @odd = false
-    end
-
-    def render_bind(column, value)
-      if column
-        if column.binary?
-          # This specifically deals with the PG adapter that casts bytea columns into a Hash.
-          value = value[:value] if value.is_a?(Hash)
-          value = value ? "<#{value.bytesize} bytes of binary data>" : "<NULL binary data>"
-        end
-
-        [column.name, value]
-      else
-        [nil, value]
-      end
-    end
-
     def sql(event)
       self.class.runtime += event.duration
       return unless logger.debug?
@@ -43,32 +28,90 @@ module ActiveRecord
       return if IGNORE_PAYLOAD_NAMES.include?(payload[:name])
 
       name  = "#{payload[:name]} (#{event.duration.round(1)}ms)"
+      name  = "CACHE #{name}" if payload[:cached]
       sql   = payload[:sql]
       binds = nil
 
       unless (payload[:binds] || []).empty?
-        binds = "  " + payload[:binds].map { |col,v|
-          render_bind(col, v)
+        casted_params = type_casted_binds(payload[:type_casted_binds])
+        binds = "  " + payload[:binds].zip(casted_params).map { |attr, value|
+          render_bind(attr, value)
         }.inspect
       end
 
-      if odd?
-        name = color(name, CYAN, true)
-        sql  = color(sql, nil, true)
-      else
-        name = color(name, MAGENTA, true)
-      end
+      name = colorize_payload_name(name, payload[:name])
+      sql  = color(sql, sql_color(sql), true)
 
       debug "  #{name}  #{sql}#{binds}"
     end
 
-    def odd?
-      @odd = !@odd
-    end
+    private
+      def type_casted_binds(casted_binds)
+        casted_binds.respond_to?(:call) ? casted_binds.call : casted_binds
+      end
 
-    def logger
-      ActiveRecord::Base.logger
-    end
+      def render_bind(attr, value)
+        if attr.is_a?(Array)
+          attr = attr.first
+        elsif attr.type.binary? && attr.value
+          value = "<#{attr.value_for_database.to_s.bytesize} bytes of binary data>"
+        end
+
+        [attr && attr.name, value]
+      end
+
+      def colorize_payload_name(name, payload_name)
+        if payload_name.blank? || payload_name == "SQL" # SQL vs Model Load/Exists
+          color(name, MAGENTA, true)
+        else
+          color(name, CYAN, true)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def sql_color(sql)
+        case sql
+        when /\A\s*rollback/mi
+          RED
+        when /select .*for update/mi, /\A\s*lock/mi
+          WHITE
+        when /\A\s*select/i
+          BLUE
+        when /\A\s*insert/i
+          GREEN
+        when /\A\s*update/i
+          YELLOW
+        when /\A\s*delete/i
+          RED
+        when /transaction\s*\Z/i
+          CYAN
+        else
+          MAGENTA
+        end
+      end
+
+      def logger
+        ActiveRecord::Base.logger
+      end
+
+      def debug(progname = nil, &block)
+        return unless super
+
+        if ActiveRecord::Base.verbose_query_logs
+          log_query_source
+        end
+      end
+
+      def log_query_source
+        source = extract_query_source_location(caller)
+
+        if source
+          logger.debug("  ↳ #{source}")
+        end
+      end
+
+      def extract_query_source_location(locations)
+        backtrace_cleaner.clean(locations.lazy).first
+      end
   end
 end
 

data/lib/active_record/middleware/database_selector/resolver/session.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  module Middleware
+    class DatabaseSelector
+      class Resolver
+        # The session class is used by the DatabaseSelector::Resolver to save
+        # timestamps of the last write in the session.
+        #
+        # The last_write is used to determine whether it's safe to read
+        # from the replica or the request needs to be sent to the primary.
+        class Session # :nodoc:
+          def self.call(request)
+            new(request.session)
+          end
+
+          # Converts time to a timestamp that represents milliseconds since
+          # epoch.
+          def self.convert_time_to_timestamp(time)
+            time.to_i * 1000 + time.usec / 1000
+          end
+
+          # Converts milliseconds since epoch timestamp into a time object.
+          def self.convert_timestamp_to_time(timestamp)
+            timestamp ? Time.at(timestamp / 1000, (timestamp % 1000) * 1000) : Time.at(0)
+          end
+
+          def initialize(session)
+            @session = session
+          end
+
+          attr_reader :session
+
+          def last_write_timestamp
+            self.class.convert_timestamp_to_time(session[:last_write])
+          end
+
+          def update_last_write_timestamp
+            session[:last_write] = self.class.convert_time_to_timestamp(Time.now)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_record/middleware/database_selector/resolver.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "active_record/middleware/database_selector/resolver/session"
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  module Middleware
+    class DatabaseSelector
+      # The Resolver class is used by the DatabaseSelector middleware to
+      # determine which database the request should use.
+      #
+      # To change the behavior of the Resolver class in your application,
+      # create a custom resolver class that inherits from
+      # DatabaseSelector::Resolver and implements the methods that need to
+      # be changed.
+      #
+      # By default the Resolver class will send read traffic to the replica
+      # if it's been 2 seconds since the last write.
+      class Resolver # :nodoc:
+        SEND_TO_REPLICA_DELAY = 2.seconds
+
+        def self.call(context, options = {})
+          new(context, options)
+        end
+
+        def initialize(context, options = {})
+          @context = context
+          @options = options
+          @delay = @options && @options[:delay] ? @options[:delay] : SEND_TO_REPLICA_DELAY
+          @instrumenter = ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrumenter
+        end
+
+        attr_reader :context, :delay, :instrumenter
+
+        def read(&blk)
+          if read_from_primary?
+            read_from_primary(&blk)
+          else
+            read_from_replica(&blk)
+          end
+        end
+
+        def write(&blk)
+          write_to_primary(&blk)
+        end
+
+        private
+
+          def read_from_primary(&blk)
+            ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: ActiveRecord::Base.writing_role) do
+              ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handler.while_preventing_writes(true) do
+                instrumenter.instrument("database_selector.active_record.read_from_primary") do
+                  yield
+                end
+              end
+            end
+          end
+
+          def read_from_replica(&blk)
+            ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: ActiveRecord::Base.reading_role) do
+              instrumenter.instrument("database_selector.active_record.read_from_replica") do
+                yield
+              end
+            end
+          end
+
+          def write_to_primary(&blk)
+            ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: ActiveRecord::Base.writing_role) do
+              ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handler.while_preventing_writes(false) do
+                instrumenter.instrument("database_selector.active_record.wrote_to_primary") do
+                  yield
+                ensure
+                  context.update_last_write_timestamp
+                end
+              end
+            end
+          end
+
+          def read_from_primary?
+            !time_since_last_write_ok?
+          end
+
+          def send_to_replica_delay
+            delay
+          end
+
+          def time_since_last_write_ok?
+            Time.now - context.last_write_timestamp >= send_to_replica_delay
+          end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_record/middleware/database_selector.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "active_record/middleware/database_selector/resolver"
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  module Middleware
+    # The DatabaseSelector Middleware provides a framework for automatically
+    # swapping from the primary to the replica database connection. Rails
+    # provides a basic framework to determine when to swap and allows for
+    # applications to write custom strategy classes to override the default
+    # behavior.
+    #
+    # The resolver class defines when the application should switch (i.e. read
+    # from the primary if a write occurred less than 2 seconds ago) and a
+    # resolver context class that sets a value that helps the resolver class
+    # decide when to switch.
+    #
+    # Rails default middleware uses the request's session to set a timestamp
+    # that informs the application when to read from a primary or read from a
+    # replica.
+    #
+    # To use the DatabaseSelector in your application with default settings add
+    # the following options to your environment config:
+    #
+    #   config.active_record.database_selector = { delay: 2.seconds }
+    #   config.active_record.database_resolver = ActiveRecord::Middleware::DatabaseSelector::Resolver
+    #   config.active_record.database_resolver_context = ActiveRecord::Middleware::DatabaseSelector::Resolver::Session
+    #
+    # New applications will include these lines commented out in the production.rb.
+    #
+    # The default behavior can be changed by setting the config options to a
+    # custom class:
+    #
+    #   config.active_record.database_selector = { delay: 2.seconds }
+    #   config.active_record.database_resolver = MyResolver
+    #   config.active_record.database_resolver_context = MyResolver::MySession
+    class DatabaseSelector
+      def initialize(app, resolver_klass = nil, context_klass = nil, options = {})
+        @app = app
+        @resolver_klass = resolver_klass || Resolver
+        @context_klass = context_klass || Resolver::Session
+        @options = options
+      end
+
+      attr_reader :resolver_klass, :context_klass, :options
+
+      # Middleware that determines which database connection to use in a multiple
+      # database application.
+      def call(env)
+        request = ActionDispatch::Request.new(env)
+
+        select_database(request) do
+          @app.call(env)
+        end
+      end
+
+      private
+
+        def select_database(request, &blk)
+          context = context_klass.call(request)
+          resolver = resolver_klass.call(context, options)
+
+          if reading_request?(request)
+            resolver.read(&blk)
+          else
+            resolver.write(&blk)
+          end
+        end
+
+        def reading_request?(request)
+          request.get? || request.head?
+        end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_record/migration/command_recorder.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module ActiveRecord
   class Migration
     # <tt>ActiveRecord::Migration::CommandRecorder</tt> records commands done during
@@ -5,15 +7,39 @@ module ActiveRecord
     # knows how to invert the following commands:
     #
     # * add_column
+    # * add_foreign_key
     # * add_index
+    # * add_reference
     # * add_timestamps
-    # * create_table
+    # * change_column
+    # * change_column_default (must supply a :from and :to option)
+    # * change_column_null
+    # * change_column_comment (must supply a :from and :to option)
+    # * change_table_comment (must supply a :from and :to option)
     # * create_join_table
+    # * create_table
+    # * disable_extension
+    # * drop_join_table
+    # * drop_table (must supply a block)
+    # * enable_extension
+    # * remove_column (must supply a type)
+    # * remove_columns (must specify at least one column name or more)
+    # * remove_foreign_key (must supply a second table)
+    # * remove_index
+    # * remove_reference
     # * remove_timestamps
     # * rename_column
     # * rename_index
     # * rename_table
     class CommandRecorder
+      ReversibleAndIrreversibleMethods = [:create_table, :create_join_table, :rename_table, :add_column, :remove_column,
+        :rename_index, :rename_column, :add_index, :remove_index, :add_timestamps, :remove_timestamps,
+        :change_column_default, :add_reference, :remove_reference, :transaction,
+        :drop_join_table, :drop_table, :execute_block, :enable_extension, :disable_extension,
+        :change_column, :execute, :remove_columns, :change_column_null,
+        :add_foreign_key, :remove_foreign_key,
+        :change_column_comment, :change_table_comment
+      ]
       include JoinTable
 
       attr_accessor :commands, :delegate, :reverting
@@ -41,7 +67,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
         @reverting = !@reverting
       end
 
-      # record +command+. +command+ should be a method name and arguments.
+      # Record +command+. +command+ should be a method name and arguments.
       # For example:
       #
       #   recorder.record(:method_name, [:arg1, :arg2])
@@ -62,22 +88,16 @@ module ActiveRecord
       # invert the +command+.
       def inverse_of(command, args, &block)
         method = :"invert_#{command}"
-        raise IrreversibleMigration unless respond_to?(method, true)
+        raise IrreversibleMigration, <<~MSG unless respond_to?(method, true)
+          This migration uses #{command}, which is not automatically reversible.
+          To make the migration reversible you can either:
+          1. Define #up and #down methods in place of the #change method.
+          2. Use the #reversible method to define reversible behavior.
+        MSG
         send(method, args, &block)
       end
 
-      def respond_to?(*args) # :nodoc:
-        super || delegate.respond_to?(*args)
-      end
-
-      [:create_table, :create_join_table, :rename_table, :add_column, :remove_column,
-        :rename_index, :rename_column, :add_index, :remove_index, :add_timestamps, :remove_timestamps,
-        :change_column_default, :add_reference, :remove_reference, :transaction,
-        :drop_join_table, :drop_table, :execute_block, :enable_extension,
-        :change_column, :execute, :remove_columns, :change_column_null,
-        :add_foreign_key, :remove_foreign_key
-       # irreversible methods need to be here too
-      ].each do |method|
+      ReversibleAndIrreversibleMethods.each do |method|
         class_eval <<-EOV, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
           def #{method}(*args, &block)          # def create_table(*args, &block)
             record(:"#{method}", args, &block)  #   record(:create_table, args, &block)
@@ -91,107 +111,174 @@ module ActiveRecord
         yield delegate.update_table_definition(table_name, self)
       end
 
+      def replay(migration)
+        commands.each do |cmd, args, block|
+          migration.send(cmd, *args, &block)
+        end
+      end
+
       private
 
-      module StraightReversions
-        private
-        { transaction:       :transaction,
-          execute_block:     :execute_block,
-          create_table:      :drop_table,
-          create_join_table: :drop_join_table,
-          add_column:        :remove_column,
-          add_timestamps:    :remove_timestamps,
-          add_reference:     :remove_reference,
-          enable_extension:  :disable_extension
-        }.each do |cmd, inv|
-          [[inv, cmd], [cmd, inv]].uniq.each do |method, inverse|
-            class_eval <<-EOV, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
-              def invert_#{method}(args, &block)    # def invert_create_table(args, &block)
-                [:#{inverse}, args, block]          #   [:drop_table, args, block]
-              end                                   # end
-            EOV
+        module StraightReversions # :nodoc:
+          private
+            {
+              execute_block:     :execute_block,
+              create_table:      :drop_table,
+              create_join_table: :drop_join_table,
+              add_column:        :remove_column,
+              add_timestamps:    :remove_timestamps,
+              add_reference:     :remove_reference,
+              enable_extension:  :disable_extension
+            }.each do |cmd, inv|
+              [[inv, cmd], [cmd, inv]].uniq.each do |method, inverse|
+                class_eval <<-EOV, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
+                  def invert_#{method}(args, &block)    # def invert_create_table(args, &block)
+                    [:#{inverse}, args, block]          #   [:drop_table, args, block]
+                  end                                   # end
+                EOV
+              end
+            end
+        end
+
+        include StraightReversions
+
+        def invert_transaction(args)
+          sub_recorder = CommandRecorder.new(delegate)
+          sub_recorder.revert { yield }
+
+          invertions_proc = proc {
+            sub_recorder.replay(self)
+          }
+
+          [:transaction, args, invertions_proc]
+        end
+
+        def invert_drop_table(args, &block)
+          if args.size == 1 && block == nil
+            raise ActiveRecord::IrreversibleMigration, "To avoid mistakes, drop_table is only reversible if given options or a block (can be empty)."
           end
+          super
         end
-      end
 
-      include StraightReversions
+        def invert_rename_table(args)
+          [:rename_table, args.reverse]
+        end
 
-      def invert_drop_table(args, &block)
-        if args.size == 1 && block == nil
-          raise ActiveRecord::IrreversibleMigration, "To avoid mistakes, drop_table is only reversible if given options or a block (can be empty)."
+        def invert_remove_column(args)
+          raise ActiveRecord::IrreversibleMigration, "remove_column is only reversible if given a type." if args.size <= 2
+          super
         end
-        super
-      end
 
-      def invert_rename_table(args)
-        [:rename_table, args.reverse]
-      end
+        def invert_rename_index(args)
+          [:rename_index, [args.first] + args.last(2).reverse]
+        end
 
-      def invert_remove_column(args)
-        raise ActiveRecord::IrreversibleMigration, "remove_column is only reversible if given a type." if args.size <= 2
-        super
-      end
+        def invert_rename_column(args)
+          [:rename_column, [args.first] + args.last(2).reverse]
+        end
 
-      def invert_rename_index(args)
-        [:rename_index, [args.first] + args.last(2).reverse]
-      end
+        def invert_add_index(args)
+          table, columns, options = *args
+          options ||= {}
 
-      def invert_rename_column(args)
-        [:rename_column, [args.first] + args.last(2).reverse]
-      end
+          options_hash = options.slice(:name, :algorithm)
+          options_hash[:column] = columns if !options_hash[:name]
 
-      def invert_add_index(args)
-        table, columns, options = *args
-        options ||= {}
+          [:remove_index, [table, options_hash]]
+        end
 
-        index_name = options[:name]
-        options_hash = index_name ? { name: index_name } : { column: columns }
+        def invert_remove_index(args)
+          table, options_or_column = *args
+          if (options = options_or_column).is_a?(Hash)
+            unless options[:column]
+              raise ActiveRecord::IrreversibleMigration, "remove_index is only reversible if given a :column option."
+            end
+            options = options.dup
+            [:add_index, [table, options.delete(:column), options]]
+          elsif (column = options_or_column).present?
+            [:add_index, [table, column]]
+          end
+        end
 
-        [:remove_index, [table, options_hash]]
-      end
+        alias :invert_add_belongs_to :invert_add_reference
+        alias :invert_remove_belongs_to :invert_remove_reference
 
-      def invert_remove_index(args)
-        table, options = *args
+        def invert_change_column_default(args)
+          table, column, options = *args
 
-        unless options && options.is_a?(Hash) && options[:column]
-          raise ActiveRecord::IrreversibleMigration, "remove_index is only reversible if given a :column option."
+          unless options && options.is_a?(Hash) && options.has_key?(:from) && options.has_key?(:to)
+            raise ActiveRecord::IrreversibleMigration, "change_column_default is only reversible if given a :from and :to option."
+          end
+
+          [:change_column_default, [table, column, from: options[:to], to: options[:from]]]
         end
 
-        options = options.dup
-        [:add_index, [table, options.delete(:column), options]]
-      end
+        def invert_change_column_null(args)
+          args[2] = !args[2]
+          [:change_column_null, args]
+        end
 
-      alias :invert_add_belongs_to :invert_add_reference
-      alias :invert_remove_belongs_to :invert_remove_reference
+        def invert_add_foreign_key(args)
+          from_table, to_table, add_options = args
+          add_options ||= {}
 
-      def invert_change_column_null(args)
-        args[2] = !args[2]
-        [:change_column_null, args]
-      end
+          if add_options[:name]
+            options = { name: add_options[:name] }
+          elsif add_options[:column]
+            options = { column: add_options[:column] }
+          else
+            options = to_table
+          end
 
-      def invert_add_foreign_key(args)
-        from_table, to_table, add_options = args
-        add_options ||= {}
+          [:remove_foreign_key, [from_table, options]]
+        end
 
-        if add_options[:name]
-          options = { name: add_options[:name] }
-        elsif add_options[:column]
-          options = { column: add_options[:column] }
-        else
-          options = to_table
+        def invert_remove_foreign_key(args)
+          options = args.extract_options!
+          from_table, to_table = args
+
+          to_table ||= options.delete(:to_table)
+
+          raise ActiveRecord::IrreversibleMigration, "remove_foreign_key is only reversible if given a second table" if to_table.nil?
+
+          reversed_args = [from_table, to_table]
+          reversed_args << options unless options.empty?
+
+          [:add_foreign_key, reversed_args]
         end
 
-        [:remove_foreign_key, [from_table, options]]
-      end
+        def invert_change_column_comment(args)
+          table, column, options = *args
 
-      # Forwards any missing method call to the \target.
-      def method_missing(method, *args, &block)
-        if @delegate.respond_to?(method)
-          @delegate.send(method, *args, &block)
-        else
-          super
+          unless options && options.is_a?(Hash) && options.has_key?(:from) && options.has_key?(:to)
+            raise ActiveRecord::IrreversibleMigration, "change_column_comment is only reversible if given a :from and :to option."
+          end
+
+          [:change_column_comment, [table, column, from: options[:to], to: options[:from]]]
+        end
+
+        def invert_change_table_comment(args)
+          table, options = *args
+
+          unless options && options.is_a?(Hash) && options.has_key?(:from) && options.has_key?(:to)
+            raise ActiveRecord::IrreversibleMigration, "change_table_comment is only reversible if given a :from and :to option."
+          end
+
+          [:change_table_comment, [table, from: options[:to], to: options[:from]]]
+        end
+
+        def respond_to_missing?(method, _)
+          super || delegate.respond_to?(method)
+        end
+
+        # Forwards any missing method call to the \target.
+        def method_missing(method, *args, &block)
+          if delegate.respond_to?(method)
+            delegate.public_send(method, *args, &block)
+          else
+            super
+          end
         end
-      end
     end
   end
 end