activerecord 4.2.0 → 6.0.0

data/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,1372 +1,1013 @@
-*   Introduce `force: :cascade` option for `create_table`. Using this option
-    will recreate tables even if they have dependent objects (like foreign keys).
-    `db/schema.rb` now uses `force: :cascade`. This makes it possible to
-    reload the schema when foreign keys are in place.
+## Rails 6.0.0 (August 16, 2019) ##
 
-    *Matthew Draper*, *Yves Senn*
+*   Preserve user supplied joins order as much as possible.
 
-*   `db:schema:load` and `db:structure:load` no longer purge the database
-    before loading the schema. This is left for the user to do.
-    `db:test:prepare` will still purge the database.
-
-    Closes #17945.
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   Fix undesirable RangeError by Type::Integer. Add Type::UnsignedInteger.
+    Fixes #36761, #34328, #24281, #12953.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Add `foreign_type` option to `has_one` and `has_many` association macros.
-
-    This option enables to define the column name of associated object's type for polymorphic associations.
-
-    *Ulisses Almeida, Kassio Borges*
-
-*   `add_timestamps` and `remove_timestamps` now properly reversible with
-    options.
-
-    *Noam Gagliardi-Rabinovich*
-
-*   Bring back `db:test:prepare` to synchronize the test database schema.
-
-    Manual synchronization using `bin/rake db:test:prepare` is required
-    when a migration is rolled-back, edited and reapplied.
-
-    `ActiveRecord::Base.maintain_test_schema` now uses `db:test:prepare`
-    to synchronize the schema. Plugins can use this task as a hook to
-    provide custom behavior after the schema has been loaded.
-
-    NOTE: `test:prepare` runs before the schema is synchronized.
-
-    Fixes #17171, #15787.
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   Change `reflections` public api to return the keys as String objects.
-
-    Fixes #16928.
-
-    *arthurnn*
-
-*   Renaming a table in pg also renames the primary key index.
-
-    Fixes #12856
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Make it possible to access fixtures excluded by a `default_scope`.
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   Fix preloading of associations with a scope containing joins along with
-    conditions on the joined association.
-
-    *Siddharth Sharma*
-
-*   Add `Table#name` to match `TableDefinition#name`.
-
-    *Cody Cutrer*
-
-*   Cache `CollectionAssociation#reader` proxies separately before and after
-    the owner has been saved so that the proxy is not cached without the
-    owner's id.
-
-    *Ben Woosley*
-
-*   `ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyRecord` now has a descriptive message.
-
-    *Franky W.*
-
-*   Fix preloading of associations which unscope a default scope.
-
-    Fixes #11036.
-
-    *Byron Bischoff*
-
-*   Added SchemaDumper support for tables with jsonb columns.
-
-    *Ted O'Meara*
-
-*   Deprecate `sanitize_sql_hash_for_conditions` without replacement. Using a
-    `Relation` for performing queries and updates is the prefered API.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Queries now properly type cast values that are part of a join statement,
-    even when using type decorators such as `serialize`.
-
-    *Melanie Gilman & Sean Griffin*
-
-*   MySQL enum type lookups, with values matching another type, no longer result
-    in an endless loop.
-
-    Fixes #17402.
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   Raise `ArgumentError` when the body of a scope is not callable.
-
-    *Mauro George*
-
-*   Use type column first in multi-column indexes created with `add-reference`.
-
-    *Derek Prior*
-
-*   Fix `Relation.rewhere` to work with Range values.
-
-    *Dan Olson*
-
-*   `AR::UnknownAttributeError` now includes the class name of a record.
-
-        User.new(name: "Yuki Nishijima", project_attributes: {name: "kaminari"})
-        # => ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError: unknown attribute 'name' for User.
-
-    *Yuki Nishijima*
-
-*   Fix a regression causing `after_create` callbacks to run before associated
-    records are autosaved.
-
-    Fixes #17209.
-
-    *Agis Anastasopoulos*
-
-*   Honor overridden `rack.test` in Rack environment for the connection
-    management middleware.
-
-    *Simon Eskildsen*
-
-*   Add a truncate method to the connection.
-
-    *Aaron Patterson*
-
-*   Don't autosave unchanged has_one through records.
-
-    *Alan Kennedy*, *Steve Parrington*
-
-*   Do not dump foreign keys for ignored tables.
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   PostgreSQL adapter correctly dumps foreign keys targeting tables
-    outside the schema search path.
-
-    Fixes #16907.
-
-    *Matthew Draper*, *Yves Senn*
-
-*   When a thread is killed, rollback the active transaction, instead of
-    committing it during the stack unwind. Previously, we could commit half-
-    completed work. This fix only works for Ruby 2.0+; on 1.9, we can't
-    distinguish a thread kill from an ordinary non-local (block) return, so must
-    default to committing.
-
-    *Chris Hanks*
-
-*   A `NullRelation` should represent nothing. This fixes a bug where
-    `Comment.where(post_id: Post.none)` returned a non-empty result.
-
-    Fixes #15176.
+*   Make the DATABASE_URL env variable only affect the primary connection. Add new env variables for multiple databases.
 
-    *Matthew Draper*, *Yves Senn*
+    *John Crepezzi*, *Eileen Uchitelle*
 
-*   Include default column limits in schema.rb. Allows defaults to be changed
-    in the future without affecting old migrations that assumed old defaults.
+*   Add a warning for enum elements with 'not_' prefix.
 
-    *Jeremy Kemper*
-
-*   MySQL: schema.rb now includes TEXT and BLOB column limits.
-
-    *Jeremy Kemper*
-
-*   MySQL: correct LONGTEXT and LONGBLOB limits from 2GB to their true 4GB.
-
-    *Jeremy Kemper*
-
-*   SQLite3Adapter now checks for views in `table_exists?`. Fixes #14041.
-
-    *Girish Sonawane*
-
-*   Introduce `connection.supports_views?` to check whether the current adapter
-    has support for SQL views. Connection adapters should define this method.
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   Allow included modules to override association methods.
-
-    Fixes #16684.
-
-    *Yves Senn*
+        class Foo
+          enum status: [:sent, :not_sent]
+        end
 
-*   Schema loading rake tasks (like `db:schema:load` and `db:setup`) maintain
-    the database connection to the current environment.
+    *Edu Depetris*
 
-    Fixes #16757.
+*   Make currency symbols optional for money column type in PostgreSQL
 
-    *Joshua Cody*, *Yves Senn*
+    *Joel Schneider*
 
-*   MySQL: set the connection collation along with the charset.
 
-    Sets the connection collation to the database collation configured in
-    database.yml. Otherwise, `SET NAMES utf8mb4` will use the default
-    collation for that charset (utf8mb4_general_ci) when you may have chosen
-    a different collation, like utf8mb4_unicode_ci.
+## Rails 6.0.0.rc2 (July 22, 2019) ##
 
-    This only applies to literal string comparisons, not column values, so it
-    is unlikely to affect you.
+*   Add database_exists? method to connection adapters to check if a database exists.
 
-    *Jeremy Kemper*
+    *Guilherme Mansur*
 
-*   `default_sequence_name` from the PostgreSQL adapter returns a `String`.
+*   PostgreSQL: Fix GROUP BY with ORDER BY virtual count attribute.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    Fixes #36022.
 
-*   Fix a regression where whitespaces were stripped from DISTINCT queries in
-    PostgreSQL.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Agis Anastasopoulos*
+*   Make ActiveRecord `ConnectionPool.connections` method thread-safe.
 
-    Fixes #16623.
+    Fixes #36465.
 
-*   Fix has_many :through relation merging failing when dynamic conditions are
-    passed as a lambda with an arity of one.
+    *Jeff Doering*
 
-    Fixes #16128.
+*   Fix sqlite3 collation parsing when using decimal columns.
 
-    *Agis Anastasopoulos*
+    *Martin R. Schuster*
 
-*   Fix `Relation#exists?` to work with polymorphic associations.
+*   Fix invalid schema when primary key column has a comment.
 
-    Fixes #15821.
+    Fixes #29966.
 
-    *Kassio Borges*
+    *Guilherme Goettems Schneider*
 
-*   Currently, Active Record rescues any errors raised within
-    `after_rollback`/`after_create` callbacks and prints them to the logs.
-    Future versions of Rails will not rescue these errors anymore and
-    just bubble them up like the other callbacks.
+*   Fix table comment also being applied to the primary key column.
 
-    This commit adds an opt-in flag to enable not rescuing the errors.
+    *Guilherme Goettems Schneider*
 
-    Example:
+*   Fix merging left_joins to maintain its own `join_type` context.
 
-        # Do not swallow errors in after_commit/after_rollback callbacks.
-        config.active_record.raise_in_transactional_callbacks = true
+    Fixes #36103.
 
-    Fixes #13460.
-
-    *arthurnn*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Fix an issue where custom accessor methods (such as those generated by
-    `enum`) with the same name as a global method are incorrectly overridden
-    when subclassing.
 
-    Fixes #16288.
+## Rails 6.0.0.rc1 (April 24, 2019) ##
 
-    *Godfrey Chan*
+*   Add `touch` option to `has_one` association.
 
-*   `*_was` and `changes` now work correctly for in-place attribute changes as
-    well.
+    *Abhay Nikam*
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+*   Deprecate `where.not` working as NOR and will be changed to NAND in Rails 6.1.
 
-*   Fix regression on `after_commit` that did not fire with nested transactions.
+    ```ruby
+    all = [treasures(:diamond), treasures(:sapphire), cars(:honda), treasures(:sapphire)]
+    assert_equal all, PriceEstimate.all.map(&:estimate_of)
+    ```
 
-    Fixes #16425.
+    In Rails 6.0:
 
-    *arthurnn*
+    ```ruby
+    sapphire = treasures(:sapphire)
 
-*   Do not try to write timestamps when a table has no timestamps columns.
+    nor = all.reject { |e|
+      e.estimate_of_type == sapphire.class.polymorphic_name
+    }.reject { |e|
+      e.estimate_of_id == sapphire.id
+    }
+    assert_equal [cars(:honda)], nor
 
-    Fixes #8813.
+    without_sapphire = PriceEstimate.where.not(
+      estimate_of_type: sapphire.class.polymorphic_name, estimate_of_id: sapphire.id
+    )
+    assert_equal nor, without_sapphire.map(&:estimate_of)
+    ```
 
-    *Sergey Potapov*
+    In Rails 6.1:
 
-*   `index_exists?` with `:name` option does verify specified columns.
+    ```ruby
+    sapphire = treasures(:sapphire)
 
-    Example:
+    nand = all - [sapphire]
+    assert_equal [treasures(:diamond), cars(:honda)], nand
 
-        add_index :articles, :title, name: "idx_title"
+    without_sapphire = PriceEstimate.where.not(
+      estimate_of_type: sapphire.class.polymorphic_name, estimate_of_id: sapphire.id
+    )
+    assert_equal nand, without_sapphire.map(&:estimate_of)
+    ```
 
-        # Before:
-        index_exists? :articles, :title, name: "idx_title" # => `true`
-        index_exists? :articles, :body, name: "idx_title" # => `true`
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-        # After:
-        index_exists? :articles, :title, name: "idx_title" # => `true`
-        index_exists? :articles, :body, name: "idx_title" # => `false`
+*   Fix dirty tracking after rollback.
 
-    *Yves Senn*, *Matthew Draper*
+    Fixes #15018, #30167, #33868.
 
-*   `add_timestamps` and `t.timestamps` now require you to pass the `:null` option.
-    Not passing the option is deprecated but the default is still `null: true`.
-    With Rails 5 this will change to `null: false`.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Relation#cache_version` to support recyclable cache keys via
+    the versioned entries in `ActiveSupport::Cache`. This also means that
+    `ActiveRecord::Relation#cache_key` will now return a stable key that does not
+    include the max timestamp or count any more.
 
-*   When calling `update_columns` on a record that is not persisted, the error
-    message now reflects whether that object is a new record or has been
-    destroyed.
+    NOTE: This feature is turned off by default, and `cache_key` will still return
+    cache keys with timestamps until you set `ActiveRecord::Base.collection_cache_versioning = true`.
+    That's the setting for all new apps on Rails 6.0+
 
     *Lachlan Sylvester*
 
-*   Define `id_was` to get the previous value of the primary key.
-
-    Currently when we call `id_was` and we have a custom primary key name,
-    Active Record will return the current value of the primary key. This
-    makes it impossible to correctly do an update operation if you change the
-    id.
-
-    Fixes #16413.
-
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
-
-*   Deprecate `DatabaseTasks.load_schema` to act on the current connection.
-    Use `.load_schema_current` instead. In the future `load_schema` will
-    require the `configuration` to act on as an argument.
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   Fix automatic maintaining test schema to properly handle sql structure
-    schema format.
-
-    Fixes #15394.
-
-    *Wojciech Wnętrzak*
-
-*   Fix type casting to Decimal from Float with large precision.
-
-    *Tomohiro Hashidate*
-
-*   Deprecate `Reflection#source_macro`
-
-    `Reflection#source_macro` is no longer needed in Active Record
-    source so it has been deprecated. Code that used `source_macro`
-    was removed in #16353.
-
-    *Eileen M. Uchtitelle*, *Aaron Patterson*
+*   Fix dirty tracking for `touch` to track saved changes.
 
-*   No verbose backtrace by `db:drop` when database does not exist.
+    Fixes #33429.
 
-    Fixes #16295.
-
-    *Kenn Ejima*
-
-*   Add support for PostgreSQL JSONB.
-
-    Example:
-
-        create_table :posts do |t|
-          t.jsonb :meta_data
-        end
-
-    *Philippe Creux*, *Chris Teague*
-
-*   `db:purge` with MySQL respects `Rails.env`.
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   `change_column_default :table, :column, nil` with PostgreSQL will issue a
-    `DROP DEFAULT` instead of a `DEFAULT NULL` query.
-
-    Fixes #16261.
-
-    *Matthew Draper*, *Yves Senn*
-
-*   Allow to specify a type for the foreign key column in `references`
-    and `add_reference`.
-
-    Example:
-
-        change_table :vehicle do |t|
-          t.references :station, type: :uuid
-        end
-
-    *Andrey Novikov*, *Łukasz Sarnacki*
-
-*   `create_join_table` removes a common prefix when generating the join table.
-    This matches the existing behavior of HABTM associations.
-
-    Fixes #13683.
-
-    *Stefan Kanev*
-
-*   Do not swallow errors on `compute_type` when having a bad `alias_method` on
-    a class.
-
-    *arthurnn*
-
-*   PostgreSQL invalid `uuid` are convert to nil.
-
-    *Abdelkader Boudih*
-
-*   Restore 4.0 behavior for using serialize attributes with `JSON` as coder.
-
-    With 4.1.x, `serialize` started returning a string when `JSON` was passed as
-    the second attribute. It will now return a hash as per previous versions.
-
-    Example:
-
-        class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
-          serialize :comment, JSON
-        end
-
-        class Comment
-          include ActiveModel::Model
-          attr_accessor :category, :text
-        end
+    *Ryuta Kamzono*
 
-        post = Post.create!
-        post.comment = Comment.new(category: "Animals", text: "This is a comment about squirrels.")
-        post.save!
+*   `change_column_comment` and `change_table_comment` are invertible only if
+    `to` and `from` options are specified.
 
-        # 4.0
-        post.comment # => {"category"=>"Animals", "text"=>"This is a comment about squirrels."}
+    *Yoshiyuki Kinjo*
 
-        # 4.1 before
-        post.comment # => "#<Comment:0x007f80ab48ff98>"
+*   Don't call commit/rollback callbacks when a record isn't saved.
 
-        # 4.1 after
-        post.comment # => {"category"=>"Animals", "text"=>"This is a comment about squirrels."}
+    Fixes #29747.
 
-    When using `JSON` as the coder in `serialize`, Active Record will use the
-    new `ActiveRecord::Coders::JSON` coder which delegates its `dump/load` to
-    `ActiveSupport::JSON.encode/decode`. This ensures special objects are dumped
-    correctly using the `#as_json` hook.
-
-    To keep the previous behaviour, supply a custom coder instead
-    ([example](https://gist.github.com/jenncoop/8c4142bbe59da77daa63)).
-
-    Fixes #15594.
-
-    *Jenn Cooper*
-
-*   Do not use `RENAME INDEX` syntax for MariaDB 10.0.
-
-    Fixes #15931.
-
-    *Jeff Browning*
-
-*   Calling `#empty?` on a `has_many` association would use the value from the
-    counter cache if one exists.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *David Verhasselt*
+*   Fix circular `autosave: true` causes invalid records to be saved.
 
-*   Fix the schema dump generated for tables without constraints and with
-    primary key with default value of custom PostgreSQL function result.
+    Prior to the fix, when there was a circular series of `autosave: true`
+    associations, the callback for a `has_many` association was run while
+    another instance of the same callback on the same association hadn't
+    finished running. When control returned to the first instance of the
+    callback, the instance variable had changed, and subsequent associated
+    records weren't saved correctly. Specifically, the ID field for the
+    `belongs_to` corresponding to the `has_many` was `nil`.
 
-    Fixes #16111.
+    Fixes #28080.
 
-    *Andrey Novikov*
+    *Larry Reid*
 
-*   Fix the SQL generated when a `delete_all` is run on an association to not
-    produce an `IN` statements.
+*   Raise `ArgumentError` for invalid `:limit` and `:precision` like as other options.
 
     Before:
 
-      UPDATE "categorizations" SET "category_id" = NULL WHERE
-      "categorizations"."category_id" = 1 AND "categorizations"."id" IN (1, 2)
+    ```ruby
+    add_column :items, :attr1, :binary,   size: 10      # => ArgumentError
+    add_column :items, :attr2, :decimal,  scale: 10     # => ArgumentError
+    add_column :items, :attr3, :integer,  limit: 10     # => ActiveRecordError
+    add_column :items, :attr4, :datetime, precision: 10 # => ActiveRecordError
+    ```
 
     After:
 
-      UPDATE "categorizations" SET "category_id" = NULL WHERE
-      "categorizations"."category_id" = 1
-
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle, Aaron Patterson*
-
-*   Avoid type casting boolean and `ActiveSupport::Duration` values to numeric
-    values for string columns. Otherwise, in some database, the string column
-    values will be coerced to a numeric allowing false or 0.seconds match any
-    string starting with a non-digit.
-
-    Example:
-
-        App.where(apikey: false) # => SELECT * FROM users WHERE apikey = '0'
-
-    *Dylan Thacker-Smith*
-
-*   Add a `:required` option to singular associations, providing a nicer
-    API for presence validations on associations.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Fix an error in `reset_counters` when associations have `select` scope.
-    (Call to `count` generated invalid SQL.)
+    ```ruby
+    add_column :items, :attr1, :binary,   size: 10      # => ArgumentError
+    add_column :items, :attr2, :decimal,  scale: 10     # => ArgumentError
+    add_column :items, :attr3, :integer,  limit: 10     # => ArgumentError
+    add_column :items, :attr4, :datetime, precision: 10 # => ArgumentError
+    ```
 
-    *Cade Truitt*
-
-*   After a successful `reload`, `new_record?` is always false.
-
-    Fixes #12101.
-
-    *Matthew Draper*
-
-*   PostgreSQL renaming table doesn't attempt to rename non existent sequences.
-
-    *Abdelkader Boudih*
-
-*   Move 'dependent: :destroy' handling for `belongs_to`
-    from `before_destroy` to `after_destroy` callback chain
-
-    Fixes #12380.
-
-    *Ivan Antropov*
-
-*   Detect in-place modifications on String attributes.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    Before this change, an attribute modified in-place had to be marked as
-    changed in order for it to be persisted in the database. Now it is no longer
-    required.
+*   Association loading isn't to be affected by scoping consistently
+    whether preloaded / eager loaded or not, with the exception of `unscoped`.
 
     Before:
 
-        user = User.first
-        user.name << ' Griffin'
-        user.name_will_change!
-        user.save
-        user.reload.name # => "Sean Griffin"
+    ```ruby
+    Post.where("1=0").scoping do
+      Comment.find(1).post                   # => nil
+      Comment.preload(:post).find(1).post    # => #<Post id: 1, ...>
+      Comment.eager_load(:post).find(1).post # => #<Post id: 1, ...>
+    end
+    ```
 
     After:
 
-        user = User.first
-        user.name << ' Griffin'
-        user.save
-        user.reload.name # => "Sean Griffin"
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base#validate!` that raises `RecordInvalid` if the record
-    is invalid.
+    ```ruby
+    Post.where("1=0").scoping do
+      Comment.find(1).post                   # => #<Post id: 1, ...>
+      Comment.preload(:post).find(1).post    # => #<Post id: 1, ...>
+      Comment.eager_load(:post).find(1).post # => #<Post id: 1, ...>
+    end
+    ```
 
-    *Bogdan Gusiev*, *Marc Schütz*
-
-*   Support for adding and removing foreign keys. Foreign keys are now
-    a part of `schema.rb`. This is supported by Mysql2Adapter, MysqlAdapter
-    and PostgreSQLAdapter.
-
-    Many thanks to *Matthew Higgins* for laying the foundation with his work on
-    [foreigner](https://github.com/matthuhiggins/foreigner).
-
-    Example:
+    Fixes #34638, #35398.
 
-        # within your migrations:
-        add_foreign_key :articles, :authors
-        remove_foreign_key :articles, :authors
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   Fix subtle bugs regarding attribute assignment on models with no primary
-    key. `'id'` will no longer be part of the attributes hash.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Deprecate automatic counter caches on `has_many :through`. The behavior was
-    broken and inconsistent.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   `preload` preserves readonly flag for associations.
-
-    See #15853.
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   Assume numeric types have changed if they were assigned to a value that
-    would fail numericality validation, regardless of the old value. Previously
-    this would only occur if the old value was 0.
-
-    Example:
-
-        model = Model.create!(number: 5)
-        model.number = '5wibble'
-        model.number_changed? # => true
-
-    Fixes #14731.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   `reload` no longer merges with the existing attributes.
-    The attribute hash is fully replaced. The record is put into the same state
-    as it would be with `Model.find(model.id)`.
+*   Add `rails db:prepare` to migrate or setup a database.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    Runs `db:migrate` if the database exists or `db:setup` if it doesn't.
 
-*   The object returned from `select_all` must respond to `column_types`.
-    If this is not the case a `NoMethodError` is raised.
+    *Roberto Miranda*
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+*   Add `after_save_commit` callback as shortcut for `after_commit :hook, on: [ :create, :update ]`.
 
-*   Detect in-place modifications of PG array types
+    *DHH*
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+*   Assign all attributes before calling `build` to ensure the child record is visible in
+    `before_add` and `after_add` callbacks for `has_many :through` associations.
 
-*   Add `bin/rake db:purge` task to empty the current database.
+    Fixes #33249.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    *Ryan H. Kerr*
 
-*   Deprecate `serialized_attributes` without replacement.
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Relation#extract_associated` for extracting associated records from a relation.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    ```
+    account.memberships.extract_associated(:user)
+    # => Returns collection of User records
+    ```
 
-*   Correctly extract IPv6 addresses from `DATABASE_URI`: the square brackets
-    are part of the URI structure, not the actual host.
+    *DHH*
 
-    Fixes #15705.
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Relation#annotate` for adding SQL comments to its queries.
 
-    *Andy Bakun*, *Aaron Stone*
+    For example:
 
-*   Ensure both parent IDs are set on join records when both sides of a
-    through association are new.
+    ```
+    Post.where(id: 123).annotate("this is a comment").to_sql
+    # SELECT "posts".* FROM "posts" WHERE "posts"."id" = 123 /* this is a comment */
+    ```
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    This can be useful in instrumentation or other analysis of issued queries.
 
-*   `ActiveRecord::Dirty` now detects in-place changes to mutable values.
-    Serialized attributes on ActiveRecord models will no longer save when
-    unchanged.
+    *Matt Yoho*
 
-    Fixes #8328.
+*   Support Optimizer Hints.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    In most databases, a way to control the optimizer is by using optimizer hints,
+    which can be specified within individual statements.
 
-*   `Pluck` now works when selecting columns from different tables with the same
-    name.
+    Example (for MySQL):
 
-    Fixes #15649.
+        Topic.optimizer_hints("MAX_EXECUTION_TIME(50000)", "NO_INDEX_MERGE(topics)")
+        # SELECT /*+ MAX_EXECUTION_TIME(50000) NO_INDEX_MERGE(topics) */ `topics`.* FROM `topics`
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    Example (for PostgreSQL with pg_hint_plan):
 
-*   Remove `cache_attributes` and friends. All attributes are cached.
+        Topic.optimizer_hints("SeqScan(topics)", "Parallel(topics 8)")
+        # SELECT /*+ SeqScan(topics) Parallel(topics 8) */ "topics".* FROM "topics"
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    See also:
 
-*   Remove deprecated method `ActiveRecord::Base.quoted_locking_column`.
+    * https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/optimizer-hints.html
+    * https://pghintplan.osdn.jp/pg_hint_plan.html
+    * https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/12.2/tgsql/influencing-the-optimizer.html
+    * https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/hints-transact-sql-query?view=sql-server-2017
+    * https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/SSEPGG_11.1.0/com.ibm.db2.luw.admin.perf.doc/doc/c0070117.html
 
-    *Akshay Vishnoi*
-
-*   `ActiveRecord::FinderMethods.find` with block can handle proc parameter as
-    `Enumerable#find` does.
-
-    Fixes #15382.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *James Yang*
+*   Fix query attribute method on user-defined attribute to be aware of typecasted value.
 
-*   Make timezone aware attributes work with PostgreSQL array columns.
+    For example, the following code no longer return false as casted non-empty string:
 
-    Fixes #13402.
+    ```
+    class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
+      attribute :user_defined_text, :text
+    end
 
-    *Kuldeep Aggarwal*, *Sean Griffin*
+    Post.new(user_defined_text: "false").user_defined_text? # => true
+    ```
 
-*   `ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration` has no primary key regardless of the
-    `primary_key_prefix_type` configuration.
+    *Yuji Kamijima*
 
-    Fixes #15051.
+*   Quote empty ranges like other empty enumerables.
 
-    *JoseLuis Torres*, *Yves Senn*
+    *Patrick Rebsch*
 
-*   `rake db:migrate:status` works with legacy migration numbers like `00018_xyz.rb`.
+*   Add `insert_all`/`insert_all!`/`upsert_all` methods to `ActiveRecord::Persistence`,
+    allowing bulk inserts akin to the bulk updates provided by `update_all` and
+    bulk deletes by `delete_all`.
 
-    Fixes #15538.
+    Supports skipping or upserting duplicates through the `ON CONFLICT` syntax
+    for PostgreSQL (9.5+) and SQLite (3.24+) and `ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE` syntax
+    for MySQL.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    *Bob Lail*
 
-*   Baseclass becomes! subclass.
+*   Add `rails db:seed:replant` that truncates tables of each database
+    for current environment and loads the seeds.
 
-    Before this change, a record which changed its STI type, could not be
-    updated.
+    *bogdanvlviv*, *DHH*
 
-    Fixes #14785.
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.connection.truncate` for SQLite3 adapter.
 
-    *Matthew Draper*, *Earl St Sauver*, *Edo Balvers*
+    *bogdanvlviv*
 
-*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Migrator.proper_table_name`. Use the
-    `proper_table_name` instance method on `ActiveRecord::Migration` instead.
+*   Deprecate mismatched collation comparison for uniqueness validator.
 
-    *Akshay Vishnoi*
+    Uniqueness validator will no longer enforce case sensitive comparison in Rails 6.1.
+    To continue case sensitive comparison on the case insensitive column,
+    pass `case_sensitive: true` option explicitly to the uniqueness validator.
 
-*   Fix regression on eager loading association based on SQL query rather than
-    existing column.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    Fixes #15480.
+*   Add `reselect` method. This is a short-hand for `unscope(:select).select(fields)`.
 
-    *Lauro Caetano*, *Carlos Antonio da Silva*
+    Fixes #27340.
 
-*   Deprecate returning `nil` from `column_for_attribute` when no column exists.
-    It will return a null object in Rails 5.0
+    *Willian Gustavo Veiga*
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+*   Add negative scopes for all enum values.
 
-*   Implemented `ActiveRecord::Base#pretty_print` to work with PP.
+    Example:
 
-    *Ethan*
+        class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
+          enum status: %i[ drafted active trashed ]
+        end
 
-*   Preserve type when dumping PostgreSQL point, bit, bit varying and money
-    columns.
+        Post.not_drafted # => where.not(status: :drafted)
+        Post.not_active  # => where.not(status: :active)
+        Post.not_trashed # => where.not(status: :trashed)
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    *DHH*
 
-*   New records remain new after YAML serialization.
+*   Fix different `count` calculation when using `size` with manual `select` with DISTINCT.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    Fixes #35214.
 
-*   PostgreSQL support default values for enum types. Fixes #7814.
+    *Juani Villarejo*
 
-    *Yves Senn*
 
-*   PostgreSQL `default_sequence_name` respects schema. Fixes #7516.
+## Rails 6.0.0.beta3 (March 11, 2019) ##
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+*   No changes.
 
-*   Fix `columns_for_distinct` of PostgreSQL adapter to work correctly
-    with orders without sort direction modifiers.
 
-    *Nikolay Kondratyev*
+## Rails 6.0.0.beta2 (February 25, 2019) ##
 
-*   PostgreSQL `reset_pk_sequence!` respects schemas. Fixes #14719.
+*   Fix prepared statements caching to be enabled even when query caching is enabled.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Keep PostgreSQL `hstore` and `json` attributes as `Hash` in `@attributes`.
-    Fixes duplication in combination with `store_accessor`.
+*   Ensure `update_all` series cares about optimistic locking.
 
-    Fixes #15369.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+*   Don't allow `where` with non numeric string matches to 0 values.
 
-*   `rake railties:install:migrations` respects the order of railties.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Arun Agrawal*
+*   Introduce `ActiveRecord::Relation#destroy_by` and `ActiveRecord::Relation#delete_by`.
 
-*   Fix redefine a `has_and_belongs_to_many` inside inherited class
-    Fixing regression case, where redefining the same `has_and_belongs_to_many`
-    definition into a subclass would raise.
+    `destroy_by` allows relation to find all the records matching the condition and perform
+    `destroy_all` on the matched records.
 
-    Fixes #14983.
+    Example:
 
-    *arthurnn*
+        Person.destroy_by(name: 'David')
+        Person.destroy_by(name: 'David', rating: 4)
 
-*   Fix `has_and_belongs_to_many` public reflection.
-    When defining a `has_and_belongs_to_many`, internally we convert that to two has_many.
-    But as `reflections` is a public API, people expect to see the right macro.
+        david = Person.find_by(name: 'David')
+        david.posts.destroy_by(id: [1, 2, 3])
 
-    Fixes #14682.
+    `delete_by` allows relation to find all the records matching the condition and perform
+    `delete_all` on the matched records.
 
-    *arthurnn*
+    Example:
 
-*   Fix serialization for records with an attribute named `format`.
+        Person.delete_by(name: 'David')
+        Person.delete_by(name: 'David', rating: 4)
 
-    Fixes #15188.
+        david = Person.find_by(name: 'David')
+        david.posts.delete_by(id: [1, 2, 3])
 
-    *Godfrey Chan*
+    *Abhay Nikam*
 
-*   When a `group` is set, `sum`, `size`, `average`, `minimum` and `maximum`
-    on a NullRelation should return a Hash.
+*   Don't allow `where` with invalid value matches to nil values.
 
-    *Kuldeep Aggarwal*
+    Fixes #33624.
 
-*   Fix serialized fields returning serialized data after being updated with
-    `update_column`.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Simon Hørup Eskildsen*
+*   SQLite3: Implement `add_foreign_key` and `remove_foreign_key`.
 
-*   Fix polymorphic eager loading when using a String as foreign key.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    Fixes #14734.
+*   Deprecate using class level querying methods if the receiver scope
+    regarded as leaked. Use `klass.unscoped` to avoid the leaking scope.
 
-    *Lauro Caetano*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Change belongs_to touch to be consistent with timestamp updates
+*   Allow applications to automatically switch connections.
 
-    If a model is set up with a belongs_to: touch relationship the parent
-    record will only be touched if the record was modified. This makes it
-    consistent with timestamp updating on the record itself.
+    Adds a middleware and configuration options that can be used in your
+    application to automatically switch between the writing and reading
+    database connections.
 
-    *Brock Trappitt*
+    `GET` and `HEAD` requests will read from the replica unless there was
+    a write in the last 2 seconds, otherwise they will read from the primary.
+    Non-get requests will always write to the primary. The middleware accepts
+    an argument for a Resolver class and an Operations class where you are able
+    to change how the auto-switcher works to be most beneficial for your
+    application.
 
-*   Fix the inferred table name of a `has_and_belongs_to_many` auxiliary
-    table inside a schema.
+    To use the middleware in your application you can use the following
+    configuration options:
 
-    Fixes #14824.
+    ```
+    config.active_record.database_selector = { delay: 2.seconds }
+    config.active_record.database_resolver = ActiveRecord::Middleware::DatabaseSelector::Resolver
+    config.active_record.database_resolver_context = ActiveRecord::Middleware::DatabaseSelector::Resolver::Session
+    ```
 
-    *Eric Chahin*
+    To change the database selection strategy, pass a custom class to the
+    configuration options:
 
-*   Remove unused `:timestamp` type. Transparently alias it to `:datetime`
-    in all cases. Fixes inconsistencies when column types are sent outside of
-    `ActiveRecord`, such as for XML Serialization.
+    ```
+    config.active_record.database_selector = { delay: 10.seconds }
+    config.active_record.database_resolver = MyResolver
+    config.active_record.database_resolver_context = MyResolver::MyCookies
+    ```
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-*   Fix bug that added `table_name_prefix` and `table_name_suffix` to
-    extension names in PostgreSQL when migrating.
+*   MySQL: Support `:size` option to change text and blob size.
 
-    *Joao Carlos*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   The `:index` option in migrations, which previously was only available for
-    `references`, now works with any column types.
+*   Make `t.timestamps` with precision by default.
 
-    *Marc Schütz*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Add support for counter name to be passed as parameter on `CounterCache::ClassMethods#reset_counters`.
 
-    *jnormore*
+## Rails 6.0.0.beta1 (January 18, 2019) ##
 
-*   Restrict deletion of record when using `delete_all` with `uniq`, `group`, `having`
-    or `offset`.
+*   Remove deprecated `#set_state` from the transaction object.
 
-    In these cases the generated query ignored them and that caused unintended
-    records to be deleted.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    Fixes #11985.
+*   Remove deprecated `#supports_statement_cache?` from the database adapters.
 
-    *Leandro Facchinetti*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Floats with limit >= 25 that get turned into doubles in MySQL no longer have
-    their limit dropped from the schema.
+*   Remove deprecated `#insert_fixtures` from the database adapters.
 
-    Fixes #14135.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Aaron Nelson*
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter#valid_alter_table_type?`.
 
-*   Fix how to calculate associated class name when using namespaced `has_and_belongs_to_many`
-    association.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    Fixes #14709.
+*   Do not allow passing the column name to `sum` when a block is passed.
 
-    *Kassio Borges*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   `ActiveRecord::Relation::Merger#filter_binds` now compares equivalent symbols and
-    strings in column names as equal.
+*   Do not allow passing the column name to `count` when a block is passed.
 
-    This fixes a rare case in which more bind values are passed than there are
-    placeholders for them in the generated SQL statement, which can make PostgreSQL
-    throw a `StatementInvalid` exception.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Nat Budin*
+*   Remove delegation of missing methods in a relation to arel.
 
-*   Fix `stored_attributes` to correctly merge the details of stored
-    attributes defined in parent classes.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    Fixes #14672.
+*   Remove delegation of missing methods in a relation to private methods of the class.
 
-    *Brad Bennett*, *Jessica Yao*, *Lakshmi Parthasarathy*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   `change_column_default` allows `[]` as argument to `change_column_default`.
+*   Deprecate `config.activerecord.sqlite3.represent_boolean_as_integer`.
 
-    Fixes #11586.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+*   Change `SQLite3Adapter` to always represent boolean values as integers.
 
-*   Handle `name` and `"char"` column types in the PostgreSQL adapter.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    `name` and `"char"` are special character types used internally by
-    PostgreSQL and are used by internal system catalogs. These field types
-    can sometimes show up in structure-sniffing queries that feature internal system
-    structures or with certain PostgreSQL extensions.
+*   Remove ability to specify a timestamp name for `#cache_key`.
 
-    *J Smith*, *Yves Senn*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Fix `PostgreSQLAdapter::OID::Float#type_cast` to convert Infinity and
-    NaN PostgreSQL values into a native Ruby `Float::INFINITY` and `Float::NAN`
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Migrator.migrations_path=`.
 
-    Before:
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-        Point.create(value: 1.0/0)
-        Point.last.value # => 0.0
+*   Remove deprecated `expand_hash_conditions_for_aggregates`.
 
-    After:
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-        Point.create(value: 1.0/0)
-        Point.last.value # => Infinity
+*   Set polymorphic type column to NULL on `dependent: :nullify` strategy.
 
-    *Innokenty Mikhailov*
+    On polymorphic associations both the foreign key and the foreign type columns will be set to NULL.
 
-*   Allow the PostgreSQL adapter to handle bigserial primary key types again.
+    *Laerti Papa*
 
-    Fixes #10410.
+*   Allow permitted instance of `ActionController::Parameters` as argument of `ActiveRecord::Relation#exists?`.
 
-    *Patrick Robertson*
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-*   Deprecate joining, eager loading and preloading of instance dependent
-    associations without replacement. These operations happen before instances
-    are created. The current behavior is unexpected and can result in broken
-    behavior.
+*   Add support for endless ranges introduces in Ruby 2.6.
 
-    Fixes #15024.
+    *Greg Navis*
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+*   Deprecate passing `migrations_paths` to `connection.assume_migrated_upto_version`.
 
-*   Fix `has_and_belongs_to_many` CollectionAssociation size calculations.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    `has_and_belongs_to_many` should fall back to using the normal CollectionAssociation's
-    size calculation if the collection is not cached or loaded.
+*   MySQL: `ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC` create table option by default.
 
-    Fixes #14913, #14914.
+    Since MySQL 5.7.9, the `innodb_default_row_format` option defines the default row
+    format for InnoDB tables. The default setting is `DYNAMIC`.
+    The row format is required for indexing on `varchar(255)` with `utf8mb4` columns.
 
-    *Fred Wu*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Return a non zero status when running `rake db:migrate:status` and migration table does
-    not exist.
+*   Fix join table column quoting with SQLite.
 
-    *Paul B.*
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-*   Add support for module-level `table_name_suffix` in models.
+*   Allow disabling scopes generated by `ActiveRecord.enum`.
 
-    This makes `table_name_suffix` work the same way as `table_name_prefix` when
-    using namespaced models.
+    *Alfred Dominic*
 
-    *Jenner LaFave*
+*   Ensure that `delete_all` on collection proxy returns affected count.
 
-*   Revert the behaviour of `ActiveRecord::Relation#join` changed through 4.0 => 4.1 to 4.0.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    In 4.1.0 `Relation#join` is delegated to `Arel#SelectManager`.
-    In 4.0 series it is delegated to `Array#join`.
+*   Reset scope after delete on collection association to clear stale offsets of removed records.
 
-    *Bogdan Gusiev*
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-*   Log nil binary column values correctly.
+*   Add the ability to prevent writes to a database for the duration of a block.
 
-    When an object with a binary column is updated with a nil value
-    in that column, the SQL logger would throw an exception when trying
-    to log that nil value. This only occurs when updating a record
-    that already has a non-nil value in that column since an initial nil
-    value isn't included in the SQL anyway (at least, when dirty checking
-    is enabled.) The column's new value will now be logged as `<NULL binary data>`
-    to parallel the existing `<N bytes of binary data>` for non-nil values.
+    Allows the application to prevent writes to a database. This can be useful when
+    you're building out multiple databases and want to make sure you're not sending
+    writes when you want a read.
 
-    *James Coleman*
+    If `while_preventing_writes` is called and the query is considered a write
+    query the database will raise an exception regardless of whether the database
+    user is able to write.
 
-*   Rails will now pass a custom validation context through to autosave associations
-    in order to validate child associations with the same context.
+    This is not meant to be a catch-all for write queries but rather a way to enforce
+    read-only queries without opening a second connection. One purpose of this is to
+    catch accidental writes, not all writes.
 
-    Fixes #13854.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    *Eric Chahin*, *Aaron Nelson*, *Kevin Casey*
+*   Allow aliased attributes to be used in `#update_columns` and `#update`.
 
-*   Stringify all variables keys of MySQL connection configuration.
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-    When `sql_mode` variable for MySQL adapters set in configuration as `String`
-    was ignored and overwritten by strict mode option.
+*   Allow spaces in postgres table names.
 
-    Fixes #14895.
+    Fixes issue where "user post" is misinterpreted as "\"user\".\"post\"" when quoting table names with the postgres adapter.
 
-    *Paul Nikitochkin*
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-*   Ensure SQLite3 statements are closed on errors.
+*   Cached `columns_hash` fields should be excluded from `ResultSet#column_types`.
 
-    Fixes #13631.
+    PR #34528 addresses the inconsistent behaviour when attribute is defined for an ignored column. The following test
+    was passing for SQLite and MySQL, but failed for PostgreSQL:
 
-    *Timur Alperovich*
+    ```ruby
+    class DeveloperName < ActiveRecord::Type::String
+      def deserialize(value)
+        "Developer: #{value}"
+      end
+    end
 
-*   Give `ActiveRecord::PredicateBuilder` private methods the privacy they deserve.
+    class AttributedDeveloper < ActiveRecord::Base
+      self.table_name = "developers"
 
-    *Hector Satre*
+      attribute :name, DeveloperName.new
 
-*   When using a custom `join_table` name on a `habtm`, rails was not saving it
-    on Reflections. This causes a problem when rails loads fixtures, because it
-    uses the reflections to set database with fixtures.
+      self.ignored_columns += ["name"]
+    end
 
-    Fixes #14845.
+    developer = AttributedDeveloper.create
+    developer.update_column :name, "name"
 
-    *Kassio Borges*
+    loaded_developer = AttributedDeveloper.where(id: developer.id).select("*").first
+    puts loaded_developer.name # should be "Developer: name" but it's just "name"
+    ```
 
-*   Reset the cache when modifying a Relation with cached Arel.
-    Additionally display a warning message to make the user aware.
+    *Dmitry Tsepelev*
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+*   Make the implicit order column configurable.
 
-*   PostgreSQL should internally use `:datetime` consistently for TimeStamp. Assures
-    different spellings of timestamps are treated the same.
+    When calling ordered finder methods such as `first` or `last` without an
+    explicit order clause, ActiveRecord sorts records by primary key. This can
+    result in unpredictable and surprising behaviour when the primary key is
+    not an auto-incrementing integer, for example when it's a UUID. This change
+    makes it possible to override the column used for implicit ordering such
+    that `first` and `last` will return more predictable results.
 
     Example:
 
-        mytimestamp.simplified_type('timestamp without time zone')
-        # => :datetime
-        mytimestamp.simplified_type('timestamp(6) without time zone')
-        # => also :datetime (previously would be :timestamp)
-
-    See #14513.
-
-    *Jefferson Lai*
-
-*   `ActiveRecord::Base.no_touching` no longer triggers callbacks or start empty transactions.
-
-    Fixes #14841.
-
-    *Lucas Mazza*
-
-*   Fix name collision with `Array#select!` with `Relation#select!`.
-
-    Fixes #14752.
-
-    *Earl St Sauver*
+        class Project < ActiveRecord::Base
+          self.implicit_order_column = "created_at"
+        end
 
-*   Fix unexpected behavior for `has_many :through` associations going through
-    a scoped `has_many`.
+    *Tekin Suleyman*
 
-    If a `has_many` association is adjusted using a scope, and another
-    `has_many :through` uses this association, then the scope adjustment is
-    unexpectedly neglected.
+*   Bump minimum PostgreSQL version to 9.3.
 
-    Fixes #14537.
+    *Yasuo Honda*
 
-    *Jan Habermann*
+*   Values of enum are frozen, raising an error when attempting to modify them.
 
-*   `@destroyed` should always be set to `false` when an object is duped.
+    *Emmanuel Byrd*
 
-    *Kuldeep Aggarwal*
+*   Move `ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid` SQL to error property and include binds as separate error property.
 
-*   Enable `has_many` associations to support irregular inflections.
+    `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractAdapter#translate_exception_class` now requires `binds` to be passed as the last argument.
 
-    Fixes #8928.
+    `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractAdapter#translate_exception` now requires `message`, `sql`, and `binds` to be passed as keyword arguments.
 
-    *arthurnn*, *Javier Goizueta*
+    Subclasses of `ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid` must now provide `sql:` and `binds:` arguments to `super`.
 
-*   Fix `count` used with a grouping not returning a Hash.
+    Example:
 
-    Fixes #14721.
+    ```
+    class MySubclassedError < ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid
+      def initialize(message, sql:, binds:)
+        super(message, sql: sql, binds: binds)
+      end
+    end
+    ```
 
-    *Eric Chahin*
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-*   `sanitize_sql_like` helper method to escape a string for safe use in an SQL
-    LIKE statement.
+*   Add an `:if_not_exists` option to `create_table`.
 
     Example:
 
-        class Article
-          def self.search(term)
-            where("title LIKE ?", sanitize_sql_like(term))
-          end
+        create_table :posts, if_not_exists: true do |t|
+          t.string :title
         end
 
-        Article.search("20% _reduction_")
-        # => Query looks like "... title LIKE '20\% \_reduction\_' ..."
+    That would execute:
 
-    *Rob Gilson*, *Yves Senn*
+        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS posts (
+          ...
+        )
 
-*   Do not quote uuid default value on `change_column`.
+    If the table already exists, `if_not_exists: false` (the default) raises an
+    exception whereas `if_not_exists: true` does nothing.
 
-    Fixes #14604.
+    *fatkodima*, *Stefan Kanev*
 
-    *Eric Chahin*
+*   Defining an Enum as a Hash with blank key, or as an Array with a blank value, now raises an `ArgumentError`.
 
-*   The comparison between `Relation` and `CollectionProxy` should be consistent.
-
-    Example:
+    *Christophe Maximin*
 
-        author.posts == Post.where(author_id: author.id)
-        # => true
-        Post.where(author_id: author.id) == author.posts
-        # => true
+*   Adds support for multiple databases to `rails db:schema:cache:dump` and `rails db:schema:cache:clear`.
 
-    Fixes #13506.
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-    *Lauro Caetano*
+*   `update_columns` now correctly raises `ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError`
+    if the attribute does not exist.
 
-*   Calling `delete_all` on an unloaded `CollectionProxy` no longer
-    generates an SQL statement containing each id of the collection:
-
-    Before:
-
-        DELETE FROM `model` WHERE `model`.`parent_id` = 1
-        AND `model`.`id` IN (1, 2, 3...)
+    *Sean Griffin*
 
-    After:
+*   Add support for hash and URL configs in database hash of `ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to`.
 
-        DELETE FROM `model` WHERE `model`.`parent_id` = 1
+    ````
+    User.connected_to(database: { writing: "postgres://foo" }) do
+      User.create!(name: "Gannon")
+    end
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *Aaron Patterson*
+    config = { "adapter" => "sqlite3", "database" => "db/readonly.sqlite3" }
+    User.connected_to(database: { reading: config }) do
+      User.count
+    end
+    ````
 
-*   Fix invalid SQL when aggregate methods (`empty?`, `any?`, `count`) used
-    with `select`.
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-    Fixes #13648.
+*   Support default expression for MySQL.
 
-    *Simon Woker*
+    MySQL 8.0.13 and higher supports default value to be a function or expression.
 
-*   PostgreSQL adapter only warns once for every missing OID per connection.
+    https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/create-table.html
 
-    Fixes #14275.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Matthew Draper*, *Yves Senn*
+*   Support expression indexes for MySQL.
 
-*   PostgreSQL adapter automatically reloads it's type map when encountering
-    unknown OIDs.
+    MySQL 8.0.13 and higher supports functional key parts that index
+    expression values rather than column or column prefix values.
 
-    Fixes #14678.
+    https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/create-index.html
 
-    *Matthew Draper*, *Yves Senn*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Fix insertion of records via `has_many :through` association with scope.
+*   Fix collection cache key with limit and custom select to avoid ambiguous timestamp column error.
 
-    Fixes #3548.
+    Fixes #33056.
 
-    *Ivan Antropov*
+    *Federico Martinez*
 
-*   Auto-generate stable fixture UUIDs on PostgreSQL.
+*   Add basic API for connection switching to support multiple databases.
 
-    Fixes #11524.
+    1) Adds a `connects_to` method for models to connect to multiple databases. Example:
 
-    *Roderick van Domburg*
+    ```
+    class AnimalsModel < ApplicationRecord
+      self.abstract_class = true
 
-*   Fix a problem where an enum would overwrite values of another enum with the
-    same name in an unrelated class.
+      connects_to database: { writing: :animals_primary, reading: :animals_replica }
+    end
 
-    Fixes #14607.
+    class Dog < AnimalsModel
+      # connected to both the animals_primary db for writing and the animals_replica for reading
+    end
+    ```
 
-    *Evan Whalen*
+    2) Adds a `connected_to` block method for switching connection roles or connecting to
+    a database that the model didn't connect to. Connecting to the database in this block is
+    useful when you have another defined connection, for example `slow_replica` that you don't
+    want to connect to by default but need in the console, or a specific code block.
 
-*   PostgreSQL and SQLite string columns no longer have a default limit of 255.
+    ```
+    ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :reading) do
+      Dog.first # finds dog from replica connected to AnimalsBase
+      Book.first # doesn't have a reading connection, will raise an error
+    end
+    ```
 
-    Fixes #13435, #9153.
+    ```
+    ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(database: :slow_replica) do
+      SlowReplicaModel.first # if the db config has a slow_replica configuration this will be used to do the lookup, otherwise this will throw an exception
+    end
+    ```
 
-    *Vladimir Sazhin*, *Toms Mikoss*, *Yves Senn*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-*   Make possible to have an association called `records`.
+*   Enum raises on invalid definition values
 
-    Fixes #11645.
+    When defining a Hash enum it can be easy to use `[]` instead of `{}`. This
+    commit checks that only valid definition values are provided, those can
+    be a Hash, an array of Symbols or an array of Strings. Otherwise it
+    raises an `ArgumentError`.
 
-    *prathamesh-sonpatki*
+    Fixes #33961
 
-*   `to_sql` on an association now matches the query that is actually executed, where it
-    could previously have incorrectly accrued additional conditions (e.g. as a result of
-    a previous query). `CollectionProxy` now always defers to the association scope's
-    `arel` method so the (incorrect) inherited one should be entirely concealed.
+    *Alberto Almagro*
 
-    Fixes #14003.
+*   Reloading associations now clears the Query Cache like `Persistence#reload` does.
 
-    *Jefferson Lai*
+    ```
+    class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
+      has_one :category
+      belongs_to :author
+      has_many :comments
+    end
 
-*   Block a few default Class methods as scope name.
+    # Each of the following will now clear the query cache.
+    post.reload_category
+    post.reload_author
+    post.comments.reload
+    ```
 
-    For instance, this will raise:
+    *Christophe Maximin*
 
-        scope :public, -> { where(status: 1) }
+*   Added `index` option for `change_table` migration helpers.
+    With this change you can create indexes while adding new
+    columns into the existing tables.
 
-    *arthurnn*
+    Example:
 
-*   Fix error when using `with_options` with lambda.
+        change_table(:languages) do |t|
+          t.string :country_code, index: true
+        end
 
-    Fixes #9805.
+    *Mehmet Emin İNAÇ*
 
-    *Lauro Caetano*
+*   Fix `transaction` reverting for migrations.
 
-*   Switch `sqlite3:///` URLs (which were temporarily
-    deprecated in 4.1) from relative to absolute.
+    Before: Commands inside a `transaction` in a reverted migration ran uninverted.
+    Now: This change fixes that by reverting commands inside `transaction` block.
 
-    If you still want the previous interpretation, you should replace
-    `sqlite3:///my/path` with `sqlite3:my/path`.
+    *fatkodima*, *David Verhasselt*
 
-    *Matthew Draper*
+*   Raise an error instead of scanning the filesystem root when `fixture_path` is blank.
 
-*   Treat blank UUID values as `nil`.
+    *Gannon McGibbon*, *Max Albrecht*
 
-    Example:
+*   Allow `ActiveRecord::Base.configurations=` to be set with a symbolized hash.
 
-        Sample.new(uuid_field: '') #=> <Sample id: nil, uuid_field: nil>
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-    *Dmitry Lavrov*
+*   Don't update counter cache unless the record is actually saved.
 
-*   Enable support for materialized views on PostgreSQL >= 9.3.
+    Fixes #31493, #33113, #33117.
 
-    *Dave Lee*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   The PostgreSQL adapter supports custom domains. Fixes #14305.
+*   Deprecate `ActiveRecord::Result#to_hash` in favor of `ActiveRecord::Result#to_a`.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    *Gannon McGibbon*, *Kevin Cheng*
 
-*   PostgreSQL `Column#type` is now determined through the corresponding OID.
-    The column types stay the same except for enum columns. They no longer have
-    `nil` as type but `enum`.
+*   SQLite3 adapter supports expression indexes.
 
-    See #7814.
+    ```
+    create_table :users do |t|
+      t.string :email
+    end
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    add_index :users, 'lower(email)', name: 'index_users_on_email', unique: true
+    ```
 
-*   Fix error when specifying a non-empty default value on a PostgreSQL array
-    column.
+    *Gray Kemmey*
 
-    Fixes #10613.
+*   Allow subclasses to redefine autosave callbacks for associated records.
 
-    *Luke Steensen*
+    Fixes #33305.
 
-*   Fix error where `.persisted?` throws SystemStackError for an unsaved model with a
-    custom primary key that did not save due to validation error.
+    *Andrey Subbota*
 
-    Fixes #14393.
+*   Bump minimum MySQL version to 5.5.8.
 
-    *Chris Finne*
+    *Yasuo Honda*
 
-*   Introduce `validate` as an alias for `valid?`.
+*   Use MySQL utf8mb4 character set by default.
 
-    This is more intuitive when you want to run validations but don't care about the return value.
+    `utf8mb4` character set with 4-Byte encoding supports supplementary characters including emoji.
+    The previous default 3-Byte encoding character set `utf8` is not enough to support them.
 
-    *Henrik Nyh*
+    *Yasuo Honda*
 
-*   Create indexes inline in CREATE TABLE for MySQL.
+*   Fix duplicated record creation when using nested attributes with `create_with`.
 
-    This is important, because adding an index on a temporary table after it has been created
-    would commit the transaction.
+    *Darwin Wu*
 
-    It also allows creating and dropping indexed tables with fewer queries and fewer permissions
-    required.
+*   Configuration item `config.filter_parameters` could also filter out
+    sensitive values of database columns when calling `#inspect`.
+    We also added `ActiveRecord::Base::filter_attributes`/`=` in order to
+    specify sensitive attributes to specific model.
 
-    Example:
+    ```
+    Rails.application.config.filter_parameters += [:credit_card_number, /phone/]
+    Account.last.inspect # => #<Account id: 123, name: "DHH", credit_card_number: [FILTERED], telephone_number: [FILTERED] ...>
+    SecureAccount.filter_attributes += [:name]
+    SecureAccount.last.inspect # => #<SecureAccount id: 42, name: [FILTERED], credit_card_number: [FILTERED] ...>
+    ```
 
-        create_table :temp, temporary: true, as: "SELECT id, name, zip FROM a_really_complicated_query" do |t|
-          t.index :zip
-        end
-        # => CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE temp (INDEX (zip)) AS SELECT id, name, zip FROM a_really_complicated_query
+    *Zhang Kang*, *Yoshiyuki Kinjo*
 
-    *Cody Cutrer*, *Steve Rice*, *Rafael Mendonça Franca*
+*   Deprecate `column_name_length`, `table_name_length`, `columns_per_table`,
+    `indexes_per_table`, `columns_per_multicolumn_index`, `sql_query_length`,
+    and `joins_per_query` methods in `DatabaseLimits`.
 
-*   Use singular table name in generated migrations when
-    `ActiveRecord::Base.pluralize_table_names` is `false`.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    Fixes #13426.
+*   `ActiveRecord::Base.configurations` now returns an object.
 
-    *Kuldeep Aggarwal*
+    `ActiveRecord::Base.configurations` used to return a hash, but this
+    is an inflexible data model. In order to improve multiple-database
+    handling in Rails, we've changed this to return an object. Some methods
+    are provided to make the object behave hash-like in order to ease the
+    transition process. Since most applications don't manipulate the hash
+    we've decided to add backwards-compatible functionality that will throw
+    a deprecation warning if used, however calling `ActiveRecord::Base.configurations`
+    will use the new version internally and externally.
 
-*   `touch` accepts many attributes to be touched at once.
+    For example, the following `database.yml`:
 
-    Example:
+    ```
+    development:
+      adapter: sqlite3
+      database: db/development.sqlite3
+    ```
 
-        # touches :signed_at, :sealed_at, and :updated_at/on attributes.
-        Photo.last.touch(:signed_at, :sealed_at)
+    Used to become a hash:
 
-    *James Pinto*
+    ```
+    { "development" => { "adapter" => "sqlite3", "database" => "db/development.sqlite3" } }
+    ```
 
-*   `rake db:structure:dump` only dumps schema information if the schema
-    migration table exists.
+    Is now converted into the following object:
 
-    Fixes #14217.
+    ```
+    #<ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations:0x00007fd1acbdf800 @configurations=[
+      #<ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::HashConfig:0x00007fd1acbded10 @env_name="development",
+        @spec_name="primary", @config={"adapter"=>"sqlite3", "database"=>"db/development.sqlite3"}>
+      ]
+    ```
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    Iterating over the database configurations has also changed. Instead of
+    calling hash methods on the `configurations` hash directly, a new method `configs_for` has
+    been provided that allows you to select the correct configuration. `env_name` and
+    `spec_name` arguments are optional. For example, these return an array of
+    database config objects for the requested environment and a single database config object
+    will be returned for the requested environment and specification name respectively.
 
-*   Reap connections that were checked out by now-dead threads, instead
-    of waiting until they disconnect by themselves. Before this change,
-    a suitably constructed series of short-lived threads could starve
-    the connection pool, without ever having more than a couple alive at
-    the same time.
+    ```
+    ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "development")
+    ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "development", spec_name: "primary")
+    ```
 
-    *Matthew Draper*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *Aaron Patterson*
 
-*   `pk_and_sequence_for` now ensures that only the pg_depend entries
-    pointing to pg_class, and thus only sequence objects, are considered.
+*   Add database configuration to disable advisory locks.
 
-    *Josh Williams*
+    ```
+    production:
+      adapter: postgresql
+      advisory_locks: false
+    ```
 
-*   `where.not` adds `references` for `includes` like normal `where` calls do.
+    *Guo Xiang*
 
-    Fixes #14406.
+*   SQLite3 adapter `alter_table` method restores foreign keys.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    *Yasuo Honda*
 
-*   Extend fixture `$LABEL` replacement to allow string interpolation.
+*   Allow `:to_table` option to `invert_remove_foreign_key`.
 
     Example:
 
-        martin:
-          email: $LABEL@email.com
+       remove_foreign_key :accounts, to_table: :owners
 
-        users(:martin).email # => martin@email.com
+    *Nikolay Epifanov*, *Rich Chen*
 
-    *Eric Steele*
+*   Add environment & load_config dependency to `bin/rake db:seed` to enable
+    seed load in environments without Rails and custom DB configuration
 
-*   Add support for `Relation` be passed as parameter on `QueryCache#select_all`.
+    *Tobias Bielohlawek*
 
-    Fixes #14361.
+*   Fix default value for mysql time types with specified precision.
 
-    *arthurnn*
-
-*   Passing an Active Record object to `find` or `exists?` is now deprecated.
-    Call `.id` on the object first.
-
-    *Aaron Patterson*
+    *Nikolay Kondratyev*
 
-*   Only use BINARY for MySQL case sensitive uniqueness check when column
-    has a case insensitive collation.
+*   Fix `touch` option to behave consistently with `Persistence#touch` method.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Support for MySQL 5.6 fractional seconds.
-
-    *arthurnn*, *Tatsuhiko Miyagawa*
+*   Migrations raise when duplicate column definition.
 
-*   Support for PostgreSQL `citext` data type enabling case-insensitive
-   `where` values without needing to wrap in UPPER/LOWER sql functions.
+    Fixes #33024.
 
-    *Troy Kruthoff*, *Lachlan Sylvester*
+    *Federico Martinez*
 
-*   Only save has_one associations if record has changes.
-    Previously after save related callbacks, such as `#after_commit`, were triggered when the has_one
-    object did not get saved to the db.
+*   Bump minimum SQLite version to 3.8
 
-    *Alan Kennedy*
+    *Yasuo Honda*
 
-*   Allow strings to specify the `#order` value.
+*   Fix parent record should not get saved with duplicate children records.
 
-    Example:
+    Fixes #32940.
 
-        Model.order(id: 'asc').to_sql == Model.order(id: :asc).to_sql
+    *Santosh Wadghule*
 
-    *Marcelo Casiraghi*, *Robin Dupret*
+*   Fix logic on disabling commit callbacks so they are not called unexpectedly when errors occur.
 
-*   Dynamically register PostgreSQL enum OIDs. This prevents "unknown OID"
-    warnings on enum columns.
+    *Brian Durand*
 
-    *Dieter Komendera*
+*   Ensure `Associations::CollectionAssociation#size` and `Associations::CollectionAssociation#empty?`
+    use loaded association ids if present.
 
-*   `includes` is able to detect the right preloading strategy when string
-    joins are involved.
+    *Graham Turner*
 
-    Fixes #14109.
+*   Add support to preload associations of polymorphic associations when not all the records have the requested associations.
 
-    *Aaron Patterson*, *Yves Senn*
+    *Dana Sherson*
 
-*   Fix error with validation with enum fields for records where the value for
-    any enum attribute is always evaluated as 0 during uniqueness validation.
+*   Add `touch_all` method to `ActiveRecord::Relation`.
 
-    Fixes #14172.
+    Example:
 
-    *Vilius Luneckas* *Ahmed AbouElhamayed*
+        Person.where(name: "David").touch_all(time: Time.new(2020, 5, 16, 0, 0, 0))
 
-*   `before_add` callbacks are fired before the record is saved on
-    `has_and_belongs_to_many` associations *and* on `has_many :through`
-    associations.  Before this change, `before_add` callbacks would be fired
-    before the record was saved on `has_and_belongs_to_many` associations, but
-    *not* on `has_many :through` associations.
+    *fatkodima*, *duggiefresh*
 
-    Fixes #14144.
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.base_class?` predicate.
 
-*   Fix STI classes not defining an attribute method if there is a conflicting
-    private method defined on its ancestors.
+    *Bogdan Gusiev*
 
-    Fixes #11569.
+*   Add custom prefix/suffix options to `ActiveRecord::Store.store_accessor`.
 
-    *Godfrey Chan*
+    *Tan Huynh*, *Yukio Mizuta*
 
-*   Coerce strings when reading attributes. Fixes #10485.
+*   Rails 6 requires Ruby 2.5.0 or newer.
 
-    Example:
+    *Jeremy Daer*, *Kasper Timm Hansen*
 
-        book = Book.new(title: 12345)
-        book.save!
-        book.title # => "12345"
+*   Deprecate `update_attributes`/`!` in favor of `update`/`!`.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    *Eddie Lebow*
 
-*   Deprecate half-baked support for PostgreSQL range values with excluding beginnings.
-    We currently map PostgreSQL ranges to Ruby ranges. This conversion is not fully
-    possible because the Ruby range does not support excluded beginnings.
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.create_or_find_by`/`!` to deal with the SELECT/INSERT race condition in
+    `ActiveRecord::Base.find_or_create_by`/`!` by leaning on unique constraints in the database.
 
-    The current solution of incrementing the beginning is not correct and is now
-    deprecated. For subtypes where we don't know how to increment (e.g. `#succ`
-    is not defined) it will raise an `ArgumentException` for ranges with excluding
-    beginnings.
+    *DHH*
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+*   Add `Relation#pick` as short-hand for single-value plucks.
 
-*   Support for user created range types in PostgreSQL.
+    *DHH*
 
-    *Yves Senn*
 
-Please check [4-1-stable](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-1-stable/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md) for previous changes.
+Please check [5-2-stable](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/5-2-stable/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md) for previous changes.