LilyPond-Ruby 0.1.1 → 0.1.2

data/share/lilypond/2.24.1/ly/articulate.ly

@@ -0,0 +1,1013 @@
+%
+% Copyright (C) 2008--2022 NICTA
+% Author: Peter Chubb <peter.chubb AT nicta.com.au>
+% $Id: articulate.ly,v 1.7 2011-03-24 00:40:00 peterc Exp $
+%
+%
+%  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+%  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 3,
+%  as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+%
+%  WARNING: this file under GPLv3 only, not GPLv3+
+%
+%  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+%  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+%  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+%  See the GNU General Public License for more details.  It is
+%  available in the Lilypond source tree, or at
+%  http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html
+%
+% This script tries to make MIDI output from LilyPond a little more realistic.
+% It tries to take articulations (slurs, staccato, etc) into account, by
+% replacing notes  with sequential music of suitably time-scaled note plus
+% skip.
+%
+% Trills, turns, mordents and pralls are expanded with rallentendo
+% and accelerando taken into account.
+%
+% As my scheme knowledge is poor (I was teaching myself as I went), there
+% is much scope for improvement.
+
+% See: http://nicta.com.au/people/chubbp/articulate for additional
+% information about how the articulate function works.
+
+%%% Supported items:
+% Articulations on a single note (staccato, staccatissimo, portato, tenuto).
+% Slurs and phrasing slurs.
+% Ornaments (i.e. mordents, trills, turns).
+% Rallentando, accelerando, ritard and 'a tempo'.
+%
+% Please refer to 'MIDI output' (Section 3.5) in the Notation Reference
+% Manual for a more detailed list of supported items.
+
+%%% Technical Details:
+% * Any note not under a slur or phrasing slur, and not marked with an
+%   explicit articulation, is shortened by ac:normalFactor (default 7/8).
+%   (Shortening a note means replacing the note with a note of a smaller
+%   duration, and a rest to make up for the difference between the durations
+%   of the original and the shortened note.)
+% * Notes marked with articulations are shortened by factors specific to the
+%   articulation as follows:
+%     staccato       not under a slur: ac:staccatoFactor (default 1/2)
+%                    under a slur: ac:portatoFactor (default 3/4)
+%     staccatissimo  ac:staccatissimoFactor (default 1/4)
+%     portato        ac:portatoFactor (default 3/4)
+%     tenuto         ac:tenutoFactor (default 1/1 - by default, notes marked
+%                                     tenuto are not shortened)
+% * Appoggiaturas are made to take half the value of the note following,
+%   without taking dots into account (so in \appoggiatura c8 d2. the c
+%   will take the time of a crotchet).
+% * Trills and turns are expanded. The algorithm tries to choose notes
+%   within the time of the current tempo that lead to each twiddle being
+%   around 1/8 seconds; this can be adjusted with the ac:maxTwiddleTime
+%   variable.
+% * Rall, poco rall and a tempo are observed. It'd be fairly trivial to
+%   make accel. and stringendo and so on work too.
+
+%
+%%%USAGE
+% In the \score section do:
+% \articulate <<
+%       all the rest of the score
+% >>
+% or use the lilywrap script.
+%
+% TO DO:
+%
+% * Dynamics.
+%   * Fix quantisation for dynamics on single note (replace note
+%     with tied 128th notes?) -- started, needs work.
+%   * Make \fp do the right thing (loud start, then quiet).
+%
+% * Inegalite.  Notes on-beat steal time from notes off-beat.
+%   Degree of stealing is a parameter: from 1.0 (straight)
+%   to 1.5 (extreme swing).  Also fix tenuto to use this.
+%
+% * add accel (to match rall), and molto rall. I've never seen
+%   molto accel but some composer somewhere has probably used it.
+%
+% * Fermata, and Fermata Lunga
+% * Add more synonyms for accel and rall: rit ritard stringendo
+%
+% * Phrasing.
+%   * Rall at end of piece
+%   * Very slight accel into a phrase, rall out of it.
+%   * Dynamics during a phrase????  unclear how these should be in
+%     the general case
+%
+% * Trill algorithm needs work.
+%
+% * Cope with more ornaments/articulations.
+%    inverted-turns, etc.
+%   -- accent needs better control of dynamics.
+%   -- Handling of generic ornaments (in lily, `\stopped'; in
+%               most early music:  ornament this note (trill, turn
+%               or mordent as the player wishes))
+
+% * Automatic gruppetto at end of trill; better handling of
+%      initial/final grace notes on trill
+
+% * Automatic ornaments.
+%   * Spot cadences and ornament
+%   * Look for quaver-dotted note for trills, for example.
+%   * Fill in steps. (Needs lookahead/lookbehind.)
+% * `afterturn' -- a turn after the start of a note.
+% * accidentals for trills and turns
+
+% CHANGELOG
+%  * Heikki Tauriainen: handle also the \portato articulation (both as an
+%    explicit articulation, and as the articulation to use for slurred
+%    notes marked \staccato).
+%  * David Kastrup: remove redefinitions of \afterGrace and \appoggiatura
+%    and let their actions be performed when \articulate is called by
+%    recognizing and replacing LilyPond's default code for these constructs.
+%    Cf issue 4517 in LilyPond's tracker.
+%  * David Kastrup: basic 2.15.28 compatibility by using event-chord-wrap!
+%    This should really be done by rewriting the code more thoroughly.
+%  * From Iain Nicol: appoggiatura timings were out; add staccatissimo; fix
+%    trillSpanner endpoints.
+%  * Also handle Breathing events (by throwing them away).  This isn't ideal;
+%    one should really shorten the note before a little.  But I don't know
+%    how to do lookahead in scheme.
+%  * Also ignore explicit line breaks.
+%  * Add Mordents (reported by Patrick Karl)
+%  * Thomas Morley: extend unfold-repeats to reflect the possibility to
+%    customize its effect to user-settable repeat-types. Here the most general
+%    setting is hard-coded, resulting in unchanged behavior.
+
+\version "2.23.2"
+
+#(use-modules (srfi srfi-11)
+              (ice-9 control)
+              (lily display-lily))
+
+% PARAMETERS
+% How much to compress notes marked Staccato.  CPE Bach says `as short as
+% may conveniently be played, as if the keys were too hot to touch'.
+% Most modern sources say 1/2 the notated length of a note.
+#(define ac:staccatoFactor '(1 . 2))
+
+% How much to compress notes marked staccatissimo.
+#(define ac:staccatissimoFactor '(1 . 4))
+
+% Shortening factor for notes marked portato (or slurred notes marked
+% staccato).
+#(define ac:portatoFactor '(3 . 4))
+
+% And tenuto (if we ever implement time stealing, this should be >1.0)
+#(define ac:tenutoFactor '(1 . 1))
+
+% How much to articulate normal notes.  CPE Bach says 1/2 (and
+% staccato should be `as short as may conveniently be played') but this
+% sounds too short for modern music.  7/8 sounds about right.
+#(define ac:normalFactor '(7 . 8))
+
+% How much to slow down for a rall. or a poco rall.
+% (or speed up for accel or poco accel)
+#(define ac:rallFactor (ly:make-moment 60/100)) % 40% slowdown
+#(define ac:pocoRallFactor (ly:make-moment 90/100)) % 10% slowdown
+
+% The absolute time for a twiddle in a trill, in minutes.
+% Start with 1/4 seconds == 1/240 minutes
+#(define ac:maxTwiddleTime (ly:make-moment 1/240))
+
+% How long ordinary grace notes should be relative to their notated
+% duration.  9/40 is LilyPond's built-in behavior for MIDI output
+% (though the notation reference says 1/4).
+#(define ac:defaultGraceFactor 9/40)
+
+% What proportion of an ordinary grace note's time should be stolen
+% from preceding notes (as opposed to stealing from the principal note).
+% Composers' intentions for this vary.  Taking all from the preceding
+% notes is LilyPond's built-in behavior for MIDI output.
+#(define ac:defaultGraceBackwardness 1)
+
+
+% Internal variables, don't touch.
+% (should probably be part of a context somehow)
+
+% Whether to slur, or not
+#(define ac:inSlur #f)
+#(define ac:inPhrasingSlur #f)
+
+% Whether the current noteevent is in a trill spanner
+#(define ac:inTrill #f)
+
+% assume start in C major.  Key change events override this.
+% Could get from context, but don't know how.
+#(define ac:current-key (make-music
+          'KeyChangeEvent
+          'tonic
+          (ly:make-pitch -1 0 0)
+          'pitch-alist
+          (list (cons 0 0)
+                (cons 1 0)
+                (cons 2 0)
+                (cons 3 0)
+                (cons 4 0)
+                (cons 5 0)
+                (cons 6 0))))
+
+
+#(define ac:currentTempo (ly:make-moment 15/1)) % 4 = 60, measured wholes per minute
+#(define ac:lastTempo ac:currentTempo) % for 'a tempo' or 'tempo I'
+
+% The duration of the current note.  Start at a crotchet
+% for no good reason.
+#(define ac:currentDuration (ly:make-duration 2 0 1/1))
+
+% Amount of musical time (in whole notes) that we need to steal from the
+% next events seen.
+#(define ac:stealForward 0)
+
+% List of events in the output so far, in reverse order, from which we can
+% steal time.
+#(define ac:eventsBackward '())
+
+% Log events for the backward chain.
+#(define (ac:logEventsBackward music)
+  (music-map
+   (lambda (m)
+    (case (ly:music-property m 'name)
+     ((EventChord)
+      (set! ac:eventsBackward (cons m ac:eventsBackward))
+      m)
+     ((BarCheck SkipMusic)
+      (let ((wm (make-sequential-music (list m))))
+       (set! ac:eventsBackward (cons wm ac:eventsBackward))
+       wm))
+     (else
+      m)))
+   music))
+
+% Steal time from the backward chain.  Adds to ac:stealForward (with a
+% warning) if it couldn't backward-steal all that was desired.
+#(define (ac:stealTimeBackward tosteal)
+  (if (<= tosteal 0)
+   #t
+   (if (null? ac:eventsBackward)
+    (begin
+     (ly:warning (G_ "articulation failed to steal ~a note backward at beginning of music; stealing forward instead") tosteal)
+     (set! ac:stealForward (+ ac:stealForward tosteal)))
+    (let*
+     ((lastev (car ac:eventsBackward))
+      (levlen (ly:moment-main (ly:music-length lastev))))
+     (if (< tosteal levlen)
+      (begin
+       (ly:music-compress lastev (ly:make-moment (/ (- levlen tosteal) levlen)))
+       #t)
+      (begin
+       (if (any (lambda (z) (eq? 'NoteEvent (ly:music-property z 'name)))
+                (ly:music-property lastev 'elements))
+        (ly:warning (G_ "stealing the entirety of a note's time")))
+       (set! (ly:music-property lastev 'elements) '())
+       (set! ac:eventsBackward (cdr ac:eventsBackward))
+       (ac:stealTimeBackward (- tosteal levlen))))))))
+
+% Debugging: display a moment plus some text.
+% Returns its moment argument so can be used in-line.
+#(define (display-moment  text m)
+  (display text)
+  (display (list (ly:moment-main-numerator m) "/" (ly:moment-main-denominator m)))
+  m
+)
+
+% Track tempo (and maybe later, other context properties)
+% as they change.  Needs to better cope with saving only Tempo I,
+% otherwise "a tempo" goes back to the tempo before the last change.
+#(define (ac:adjust-props sym music)
+  (case sym
+   ((tempoWholesPerMinute)
+    (set! ac:currentTempo (ly:music-property music 'value))
+    (set! ac:lastTempo ac:currentTempo)
+  )))
+
+% Raise note one step in the current diatonic scale.
+#(define (ac:up note)
+  (let* ((pitch (ly:music-property note 'pitch))
+         (notename (ly:pitch-notename pitch))
+         (new-notename (if (eqv? notename 6) 0 (+ 1 notename)))
+         (alterations (ly:music-property ac:current-key 'pitch-alist))
+         (new-alteration (cdr (assq new-notename alterations)))
+         (new-octave (if (eqv? new-notename 0) (+ 1 (ly:pitch-octave pitch))
+                      (ly:pitch-octave pitch)))
+       )
+   (set! (ly:music-property note 'pitch)(ly:make-pitch new-octave new-notename new-alteration))))
+
+
+% Lower note one step in the current diatonic scale.
+#(define (ac:down note)
+  (begin  (let* ((pitch (ly:music-property note 'pitch))
+         (notename (ly:pitch-notename pitch))
+         (new-notename (if (eqv? notename 0) 6 (- notename 1)))
+         (alterations (ly:music-property ac:current-key 'pitch-alist))
+         (new-alteration (cdr (assq new-notename alterations)))
+         (new-octave (if (eqv? new-notename 6) (- (ly:pitch-octave pitch) 1)
+                      (ly:pitch-octave pitch)))
+       )
+   (set! (ly:music-property note 'pitch)(ly:make-pitch new-octave new-notename new-alteration))))
+)
+
+% Shorten a note, and save the note's original duration in ac:currentDuration
+#(define (ac:articulate-one-note m fraction)
+  "Replace m with m*fraction"
+  (if  (eq? 'NoteEvent (ly:music-property m 'name))
+   (let*
+    ((dur (ly:music-property m 'duration))
+     (l (ly:duration-log dur))
+     (d (ly:duration-dot-count dur))
+     (factor (ly:duration-factor dur))
+     (num (car fraction))
+     (denom (cdr fraction)))
+    (begin
+     (set! ac:currentDuration dur)
+     (set! (ly:music-property m 'duration)
+      (ly:make-duration l d
+       (* num (car factor))
+       (* denom (cdr factor))))))
+   m))
+
+% helper routine to set duration.
+#(define (ac:setduration music duration)
+  "Set a note's duration."
+  (let ((eventtype (ly:music-property music 'name)))
+   (if
+    (or
+     (eq? eventtype 'NoteEvent)
+     (eq? eventtype 'RestEvent)
+     (eq? eventtype 'SkipEvent))
+    (set! (ly:music-property music 'duration) duration))))
+
+% Add an articulation event to a note.
+% Used in afterGrace to mark all notes as tenuto, so they're not shortened
+#(define (ac:add-articulation type music)
+    (music-map (lambda (m)
+                (if (eq? 'EventChord (ly:music-property m 'name))
+                 (set! (ly:music-property m 'elements)
+                  (append (ly:music-property m 'elements)
+                   (list (make-music 'ArticulationEvent 'articulation-type type)))))
+                m)
+     music))
+
+% Convert a long note to an equivalent set of short notes, tied together.
+% This is needed to get smooth dynamics changes.
+% Need to deal properly with stuff other than the notes (dynamics, markup etc)
+% Still experimental, so disabled for now.
+#(define (ac:to128 music) music)
+
+#(define (ac:to128_disabled music)
+  (if (or (eq? 'SkipEvent (ly:music-property music 'name))
+        (eq? 'NoteEvent (ly:music-property music 'name)))
+   (let* ((dur (ly:music-property music 'duration))
+          (log2 (ly:duration-log dur))
+         (shiftcount (- 6 log2))
+         (lastm (ly:music-deep-copy (shift-duration-log music shiftcount 0))))
+   (set! (ly:music-property music 'elements)
+    (cons (make-music 'TieEvent) (ly:music-property music 'elements)))
+   (make-sequential-music (list
+                           (make-repeat "unfold" (1- (expt 2 shiftcount))
+                            (make-sequential-music (list music)) '())
+                           lastm)))
+ music))
+
+
+% absolute time in minutes of a length of music, as a rational number (moment)
+#(define (ac:abstime music)
+  (ly:moment-div (ly:music-length music) ac:currentTempo))
+
+% convert absolute time (in minutes) to a moment in the current tempo
+#(define (ac:abs->mom m)
+  (ly:moment-mul m ac:currentTempo))
+
+
+% a moment that is ac:maxTwiddletime seconds at the current tempo.
+#(define (ac:targetTwiddleTime)
+  (ac:abs->mom ac:maxTwiddleTime))
+
+
+% Nearest twiddletime (in minutes) achievable with power-of-2 divisions of
+% the original music.  (twiddletime is the time for one pair of notes
+% in a trill)
+% If the music has a precomputed twiddletime (e.g., from \afterGrace) use that.
+#(define (ac:twiddletime music)
+  (let* ((tr (filter (lambda (x)
+                     (and (eq? 'ArticulationEvent (ly:music-property x 'name))
+                      (eq? 'trill (ly:music-property x 'articulation-type))))
+              (ly:music-property music 'elements)))
+         (pre-t (if (pair? tr) (ly:music-property (car tr) 'twiddle)
+                 '()))
+         (hemisemimom (ly:make-moment 1/64))
+         (t (ac:targetTwiddleTime)))
+   (if (ly:moment? pre-t)
+    pre-t
+    hemisemimom)))
+
+
+
+% Note: I'm assuming early music practice of starting on the auxiliary note.
+% Needs to add gruppetto if it's a long trill (TODO)
+#(define (ac:trill music)
+  " Replace music with time-compressed repeats of the music,
+    maybe accelerating if the length is longer than a crotchet "
+  (let* ((hemisemidur (ly:make-duration 5 0 1/1))
+         (orig-len  (ly:music-length music))
+         (t (ac:twiddletime music))
+         (uppernote '())
+         (note_moment (ly:moment-mul t (ly:make-moment 1/2)))
+         (c1 (ly:moment-div orig-len t))
+         (c2 (inexact->exact
+              (round (/ (ly:moment-main-numerator c1)
+                      (* 2 (ly:moment-main-denominator c1))))))
+         (count (if (< c2 2) 2 c2)))
+
+   (set! (ly:music-property music 'elements)
+    (filter (lambda (y) (eq? 'NoteEvent (ly:music-property y 'name)))
+     (ly:music-property music 'elements)))
+   (map (lambda (y) (ac:setduration y hemisemidur))
+    (ly:music-property music 'elements))
+   (set! uppernote (ly:music-deep-copy music))
+   (map ac:up
+    (filter
+     (lambda (z) (eq? 'NoteEvent (ly:music-property z 'name)))
+     (ly:music-property uppernote 'elements)))
+
+   (let* ((trillMusicElements
+          (let loop ((so_far (list uppernote music))
+                     (c count))
+           (if (> c 1)
+            (loop (append (list (ly:music-deep-copy uppernote) (ly:music-deep-copy music)) so_far) (1- c))
+            so_far)))
+          (trillMusic (make-sequential-music trillMusicElements))
+          (newlen (ly:music-length trillMusic))
+          (factor (ly:moment-div  orig-len newlen)))
+    (ly:music-compress trillMusic factor)
+; accelerating the music seems to put lily into an infinite loop in
+; its layout and midi engines.
+;    (let* ((realfactor (exp (* (/ 1.0 count) (log 0.75))))
+;          (factor (ly:make-moment (inexact->exact (round (* 1024 realfactor)))
+;                   1024)))
+;     (ac:accel trillMusic factor))
+ )))
+
+
+% Copy music and strip articulations, ties, etc., for generating
+% mordents etc.
+#(define (ac:note-copy music)
+  "return a copy of music that is only notes, no articulations, ties, slurs etc"
+  (let ((new-music (ly:music-deep-copy music)))
+   (set! (ly:music-property new-music 'articulations) '())
+   (set! (ly:music-property new-music 'elements)
+    (filter (lambda (y) (eq? 'NoteEvent (ly:music-property y 'name)))
+     (ly:music-property new-music 'elements)))
+   new-music))
+
+%
+% Generate a tempoChangeEvent and its associated property setting.
+%
+#(define (ac:tempoChange tempo)
+  (make-sequential-music
+   (list (make-music 'TempoChangeEvent
+          'metronome-count
+          tempo
+          'tempo-unit
+          (ly:make-duration 0 0 1/1))
+    (context-spec-music
+    (make-property-set 'tempoWholesPerMinute  tempo) 'Score))))
+
+%
+% Totally unfold repeats, so that the non-obvious sequencing doesn't
+% confuse us.  This is necessary for time stealing to work, because
+% that relies on the sequence in which we see events matching their
+% audible sequence.  Also unfold multi-measure rests to equivalent
+% skips, with preceding and following bar checks, so that time stealing
+% can change the length of the pause without falling foul of the
+% implicit bar checks.
+%
+#(define (ac:unfoldMusic music)
+  (music-map
+   (lambda (m)
+    (case (ly:music-property m 'name)
+     ((EventChord)
+      (let-values
+       (((trem evl)
+         (partition (lambda (v) (eq? (ly:music-property v 'name) 'TremoloEvent))
+          (ly:music-property m 'elements))))
+       (if (null? trem)
+        m
+        (let*
+         ((tremtype (ly:music-property (car trem) 'tremolo-type))
+          (tremtype-log (1- (integer-length tremtype)))
+          (durev (find (lambda (v) (not (null? (ly:music-property v 'duration)))) evl))
+          (totaldur (if durev (ly:music-property durev 'duration) (ly:make-duration tremtype-log 0 1)))
+          (tgt-nrep (/ (duration-visual-length totaldur) (duration-log-factor tremtype-log)))
+          (eff-nrep (max (truncate tgt-nrep) 1))
+          (tremdur (ly:make-duration tremtype-log 0
+                    (* (/ tgt-nrep eff-nrep) (ly:duration-scale totaldur)))))
+         (or (and (= eff-nrep tgt-nrep) (= (ash 1 tremtype-log) tremtype))
+          (ly:warning (G_ "non-integer tremolo ~a:~a")
+           (duration->lily-string (duration-visual totaldur) #:force-duration #t #:time-scale 1)
+           tremtype))
+         (for-each
+          (lambda (v)
+           (or (null? (ly:music-property v 'duration))
+            (set! (ly:music-property v 'duration) tremdur)))
+          evl)
+         (set! (ly:music-property m 'elements) evl)
+         (make-sequential-music
+          (list-tabulate eff-nrep (lambda (i) (ly:music-deep-copy m))))))))
+     ((MultiMeasureRestMusic)
+      (make-sequential-music
+       (list
+        (make-music 'BarCheck)
+        (make-music 'EventChord
+          'elements (ly:music-property m 'articulations))
+        (make-music 'SkipMusic 'duration (ly:music-property m 'duration))
+        (make-music 'BarCheck))))
+     (else
+      m)))
+   (unfold-repeats-fully music)))
+
+% If there's an articulation, use it.
+% If in a slur, use (1 . 1) instead (unless the note is marked staccato,
+% in which case use ac:portatoFactor).
+% Treat phrasing slurs as slurs, but allow explicit articulation.
+%
+% Expect an EventChord.
+%
+% trills, turns, ornaments etc.  are also treated as Articulations.
+% Split into two functions:
+%  ac:getactions traverses the elements in the EventChord
+%               and calculates the parameters.
+%  ac:articulate-chord applies the actions to each NoteEvent in
+%               the EventChord.
+#(define (ac:getactions music)
+  (let ((at-end-of-slur #f))
+   (let  loop ((factor ac:normalFactor)
+               (newelements '())
+               (es (ly:music-property music 'elements))
+               (actions '()))
+    (if (null? es)
+     (begin
+      (set! (ly:music-property music 'elements) (reverse newelements))
+      (if
+       (not (any (lambda (m) (music-is-of-type? m 'rhythmic-event))
+                 newelements))
+       actions
+       (append
+        (let ((st ac:stealForward))
+         (if (= st 0)
+          '()
+          (begin
+           (set! ac:stealForward 0)
+           (list 'steal st))))
+        actions
+        (cond
+         (ac:inTrill '(trill))
+         ((and (eq? factor ac:normalFactor) (or ac:inSlur ac:inPhrasingSlur))
+          (list 'articulation  '(1 . 1)))
+         ((and (eq? factor ac:staccatoFactor) (or ac:inSlur at-end-of-slur))
+          (list 'articulation ac:portatoFactor))
+         (else (list 'articulation  factor))))))
+     ; else part
+     (let ((e (car es))
+           (tail (cdr es)))
+      (case (ly:music-property e 'name)
+
+       ((BeamEvent) ; throw away beam events, or they'll be duplicated by turn or trill
+        (loop factor newelements tail actions))
+
+       ((LineBreakEvent FingeringEvent MarkEvent BreathingEvent CaesuraEvent TieEvent SkipEvent RestEvent) ; pass through some events.
+        (loop (cons 1 1) (cons e newelements) tail actions))
+
+       ((ArticulationEvent)
+        (let ((artictype (ly:music-property e 'articulation-type)))
+         ; TODO: add more here
+         (cond
+          ((eq? artictype 'staccato)
+           (loop ac:staccatoFactor newelements tail actions))
+          ((eq? artictype 'staccatissimo)
+           (loop ac:staccatissimoFactor newelements tail actions))
+          ((eq? artictype 'portato)
+           (loop ac:portatoFactor newelements tail actions))
+          ((eq? artictype 'tenuto)
+           (loop ac:tenutoFactor newelements tail actions))
+          ((eq? artictype 'mordent)
+           (loop (cons 1 1) newelements tail (cons 'mordent actions)))
+          ((eq? artictype 'prall)
+           (loop (cons 1 1) newelements tail (cons 'prall actions)))
+          ((eq? artictype 'trill)
+           (loop (cons 1 1) newelements tail (cons 'trill actions)))
+          ((eq? artictype 'turn)
+           (loop (cons 1 1) newelements tail (cons 'turn actions)))
+          (else (loop factor (cons e newelements) tail actions)))))
+
+       ((TextScriptEvent)
+        (let ((t (ly:music-property e 'text)))
+         (if (not (string? t))
+          (loop factor (cons e newelements) tail actions)
+          (begin
+           (cond
+            ((or
+              (string= t "rall")
+              (string= t "Rall")
+              (string= t "rit.")
+              (string= t "rall."))
+             (loop factor (cons e newelements) tail (cons 'rall actions)))
+            ((or
+              (string= t "accelerando")
+              (string= t "accel")
+              (string= t "accel."))
+             (loop factor (cons e newelements) tail (cons 'accel actions)))
+            ((or
+              (string= t "poco accel."))
+             (loop factor (cons e newelements) tail (cons 'pocoAccel actions)))
+            ((or
+              (string= t "poco rall.")
+              (string= t "poco rit."))
+             (loop factor (cons e newelements) tail (cons 'pocoRall actions)))
+            ((or (string= t "a tempo")
+              (string= t "tempo I"))
+           (loop factor (cons e newelements) tail (cons 'aTempo actions)))
+            (else (loop factor (cons e newelements) tail actions)))))))
+
+       ((SlurEvent)
+        (let ((direction (ly:music-property e 'span-direction)))
+         (set! ac:inSlur (eqv? direction -1))
+         (set! at-end-of-slur (eqv? direction 1))
+         (loop factor newelements tail actions)))
+
+       ((TrillSpanEvent)
+        (let ((direction (ly:music-property e 'span-direction)))
+         (set! ac:inTrill (eqv? direction -1))
+         (if ac:inTrill
+          (loop factor newelements tail (cons 'trill actions))
+          (loop factor (cons e newelements) tail actions))))
+
+       ((PhrasingSlurEvent)
+        (let ((direction (ly:music-property e 'span-direction)))
+         (set! ac:inPhrasingSlur (eqv? direction -1))
+         (loop factor newelements tail actions)))
+
+       (else (loop factor (cons e newelements) tail actions))))))))
+
+
+
+#(define (ac:articulate-chord music)
+  (cond
+   ((eq? 'EventChord (ly:music-property music 'name))
+    (ac:logEventsBackward
+     (let loop ((actions (ac:getactions music)))
+      (if (null? actions)
+        (if (ly:moment<? (ly:make-moment 1/4) (ly:music-length music))
+         (ac:to128  music)
+         music)
+
+      (case (car actions)
+
+       ((articulation)
+        (map
+         (lambda (x) (ac:articulate-one-note x (cadr actions)))
+         (ly:music-property music 'elements))
+        (let*
+         ((num (caadr actions))
+          (denom (cdadr actions))
+          (mult (ly:duration-factor ac:currentDuration))
+          (newnum (* (- denom num) (car mult)))
+          (newdenom (* (cdr mult) denom))
+          (len (ly:duration-log ac:currentDuration))
+          (dots (ly:duration-dot-count ac:currentDuration)))
+
+         (if (not (eqv? num denom))
+          (make-sequential-music
+           (list (ac:to128 music)
+           (make-music 'EventChord 'elements
+            (list
+             (make-music 'RestEvent 'duration (ly:make-duration len dots newnum newdenom))))))
+          music)))
+
+       ((accel)
+        (set! ac:lastTempo ac:currentTempo)
+        (set! ac:currentTempo (ly:moment-div ac:currentTempo ac:rallFactor))
+        (let ((pset (ac:tempoChange ac:currentTempo)))
+         (if (null? (cdr actions))
+          (make-sequential-music (list pset music))
+          (make-sequential-music
+           (list pset (loop (cdr actions)))))))
+
+       ((pocoAccel)
+        (set! ac:lastTempo ac:currentTempo)
+        (set! ac:currentTempo (ly:moment-div ac:currentTempo ac:pocoRallFactor))
+        (let ((pset (ac:tempoChange ac:currentTempo)))
+         (if (null? (cdr actions))
+          (make-sequential-music (list pset music))
+          (make-sequential-music
+           (list pset (loop (cdr actions)))))))
+
+       ((rall)
+        (set! ac:lastTempo ac:currentTempo)
+        (set! ac:currentTempo (ly:moment-mul ac:currentTempo ac:rallFactor))
+        (let ((pset (ac:tempoChange ac:currentTempo)))
+         (if (null? (cdr actions))
+          (make-sequential-music (list pset music))
+          (make-sequential-music
+           (list pset (loop (cdr actions)))))))
+
+       ((pocoRall)
+        (set! ac:lastTempo ac:currentTempo)
+        (set! ac:currentTempo (ly:moment-mul ac:currentTempo ac:pocoRallFactor))
+        (let ((pset (ac:tempoChange ac:currentTempo)))
+         (if (null? (cdr actions))
+          (make-sequential-music (list pset music))
+          (make-sequential-music
+           (list pset (loop (cdr actions)))))))
+
+       ((aTempo)
+        (set! ac:currentTempo ac:lastTempo)
+
+        (let ((pset (ac:tempoChange ac:currentTempo)))
+         (if (null? (cdr actions))
+          (make-sequential-music (list pset music))
+          (make-sequential-music
+           (list pset (loop (cdr actions)))))))
+
+       ((trill)
+         (ac:trill music))
+
+       ((prall)
+        ; A pralltriller symbol can either mean an inverted mordent
+        ; or a half-shake -- a short, two twiddle trill.
+        ; We implement as a half-shake.
+        (let*
+         ((origlength (ly:music-length music))
+          (gracedur (ly:make-duration 5 0 1/1))
+          (gracenote (ac:note-copy music))
+          (abovenote (ac:note-copy music))
+          (abovenoteTwo (ac:note-copy music))
+          (mainnote (ly:music-deep-copy music)))
+
+         (map (lambda (y) (ac:setduration y gracedur))
+          (ly:music-property gracenote 'elements))
+         (map (lambda (y) (ac:setduration y gracedur))
+          (ly:music-property abovenote 'elements))
+         (map (lambda (y) (ac:setduration y gracedur))
+          (ly:music-property abovenoteTwo 'elements))
+         (map ac:up
+          (filter
+           (lambda (z) (eq? 'NoteEvent (ly:music-property z 'name)))
+           (ly:music-property abovenote 'elements)))
+         (map ac:up
+          (filter
+           (lambda (z) (eq? 'NoteEvent (ly:music-property z 'name)))
+           (ly:music-property abovenoteTwo 'elements)))
+         (let* ((prallMusic (make-sequential-music
+                              (list abovenote gracenote abovenoteTwo mainnote)))
+                 (newlen (ly:music-length prallMusic))
+                 (factor (ly:moment-div origlength newlen)))
+           (ly:music-compress prallMusic factor))))
+
+       ((mordent)
+        (let*
+         ((origlength (ly:music-length music))
+          (gracedur (ly:make-duration 5 0 1/1))
+          (gracenote (ac:note-copy music))
+          (belownote (ac:note-copy music)))
+         (map (lambda (y) (ac:setduration y gracedur))
+          (ly:music-property gracenote 'elements))
+         (map (lambda (y) (ac:setduration y gracedur))
+               (ly:music-property belownote 'elements))
+         (map ac:down
+          (filter
+           (lambda (z) (eq? 'NoteEvent (ly:music-property z 'name)))
+           (ly:music-property belownote 'elements)))
+
+         (let* ((mordentMusic (make-sequential-music (list gracenote belownote music)))
+                (newlen (ly:music-length mordentMusic))
+                (factor (ly:moment-div origlength newlen)))
+          (ly:music-compress mordentMusic factor))))
+
+       ((turn)
+        (let*
+         ((dur (ly:music-property
+                (car (ly:music-property music 'elements)) 'duration))
+          (factor (ly:duration-factor dur))
+          (newdur (ly:make-duration (+ (ly:duration-log dur) 2)
+                   (ly:duration-dot-count dur) (car factor)(cdr factor))))
+         (begin
+          (map (lambda (y) (ac:setduration y newdur))
+           (ly:music-property music 'elements))
+          (let* ((above (ly:music-deep-copy music))
+                 (below (ly:music-deep-copy music))
+                 (newmusic (make-sequential-music (list above music below music))))
+           (begin
+            (map ac:down
+             (filter
+              (lambda (z) (eq? 'NoteEvent (ly:music-property z 'name)))
+              (ly:music-property below 'elements)))
+            (map ac:up
+             (filter
+              (lambda (z) (eq? 'NoteEvent (ly:music-property z 'name)))
+              (ly:music-property above 'elements)))
+            newmusic)))))
+       ((steal)
+        (let
+         ((totallen (ly:moment-main (ly:music-length music)))
+          (steallen (cadr actions)))
+         (if (>= steallen totallen)
+          (begin
+           (if (any (lambda (z) (eq? 'NoteEvent (ly:music-property z 'name)))
+                    (ly:music-property music 'elements))
+            (ly:warning (G_ "stealing the entirety of a note's time")))
+           (set! ac:stealForward (- steallen totallen))
+           (make-sequential-music '()))
+          (begin
+           (ly:music-compress music (ly:make-moment (/ (- totallen steallen) totallen)))
+           (loop (cddr actions))))))
+     )))))
+
+   ((eq? 'GraceMusic (ly:music-property music 'name))
+    (let
+     ((first-ev
+       (call-with-escape-continuation
+        (lambda (yield-fev)
+         (music-map
+          (lambda (m)
+           (if (eq? 'EventChord (ly:music-property m 'name))
+            (yield-fev m)
+            m))
+          music)
+         #f))))
+     (if first-ev
+      (let ((fev-pos (find-tail (lambda (m) (eq? m first-ev)) ac:eventsBackward)))
+       (if fev-pos
+        (set! ac:eventsBackward (cdr fev-pos))
+        (ly:warning (G_ "articulation of grace notes has gone awry"))))))
+    (let*
+     ((gmus (ly:music-compress (ly:music-property music 'element)
+                               (ly:make-moment ac:defaultGraceFactor)))
+      (glen (ly:moment-main (ly:music-length gmus))))
+     (ac:stealTimeBackward (* glen ac:defaultGraceBackwardness))
+     (set! ac:stealForward (+ ac:stealForward (* glen (- 1 ac:defaultGraceBackwardness))))
+     gmus))
+
+   ((memq (ly:music-property music 'name) '(BarCheck SkipMusic))
+    (let ((totallen (ly:moment-main (ly:music-length music)))
+          (steallen ac:stealForward))
+     (cond
+      ((= steallen 0)
+       (ac:logEventsBackward music))
+      ((< steallen totallen)
+       (set! ac:stealForward 0)
+       (ac:logEventsBackward
+        (ly:music-compress music (ly:make-moment (/ (- totallen steallen) totallen)))))
+      (else
+       (set! ac:stealForward (- steallen totallen))
+       (make-sequential-music '())))))
+
+   ((eq? 'KeyChangeEvent (ly:music-property music 'name))
+    (set! ac:current-key music)
+    music)
+
+   ((eq? 'PropertySet (ly:music-property music 'name))
+    (ac:adjust-props (ly:music-property music 'symbol) music)
+    music)
+
+   (else music)))
+
+
+
+% At last ... here's the music function that applies all the above to a
+% score.
+articulate = #(define-music-function (music)
+               (ly:music?)
+               "Adjust times of note to add tenuto, staccato and
+                normal articulations.
+                "
+               (dynamic-wind
+                (lambda ()
+                 (set! ac:stealForward 0)
+                 (set! ac:eventsBackward '()))
+                (lambda ()
+                 (music-map
+                  ac:articulate-chord
+                  (ac:startup-replacements music)))
+                (lambda ()
+                 (or (= ac:stealForward 0)
+                  (begin
+                   (ly:warning (G_ "articulation failed to steal ~a note at end of music") ac:stealForward)
+                   (set! ac:stealForward 0)))
+                 (set! ac:eventsBackward '()))))
+
+#(define (ac:startup-replacements music)
+   (fold (lambda (f m) (f m))
+	 music
+	 (list
+	  event-chord-wrap!
+	  ac:replace-aftergrace
+	  ac:replace-appoggiatura
+	  ac:unfoldMusic)))
+
+#(define (ac:replace-aftergrace music)
+   (map-some-music
+    (lambda (expr)
+      (with-music-match
+       (expr (music 'SimultaneousMusic
+		    elements (?before-grace
+			      (music 'SequentialMusic
+				     elements ((music 'SkipMusic)
+					       (music 'GraceMusic
+						      element ?grace))))))
+       (ac:aftergrace ?before-grace ?grace)))
+    music))
+
+#(define (ac:replace-appoggiatura music)
+   ;; appoggiature are ugly to deal with since they require a main
+   ;; note following them.  We only try dealing with this followership
+   ;; in sequential music
+   (map-some-music
+    (lambda (m)
+      (if (eq? 'SequentialMusic (ly:music-property m 'name))
+	  (pair-for-each
+	   (lambda (elts)
+	     (let ((expr (car elts))
+		   (main (and (pair? (cdr elts)) (cadr elts))))
+	       (and main
+		    ;;stolen from define-music-display-methods
+		    (with-music-match
+		     (expr (music
+			    'GraceMusic
+			    element (music
+				     'SequentialMusic
+				     elements (?start
+					       ?music
+					       ?stop))))
+		     ;; we check whether ?start and ?stop look like
+		     ;; startAppoggiaturaMusic stopAppoggiaturaMusic
+		     (and (with-music-match (?start (music
+						     'SequentialMusic
+						     elements ((music
+								'EventChord
+								elements
+								((music
+								  'SlurEvent
+								  span-direction START))))))
+					    #t)
+			  (with-music-match (?stop (music
+						    'SequentialMusic
+						    elements ((music
+							       'EventChord
+							       elements
+							       ((music
+								 'SlurEvent
+								 span-direction STOP))))))
+					    #t)
+			  (let* ((app (ac:appoggiatura ?music main))
+				 (apps (ly:music-property app 'elements)))
+			    (set-car! elts (car apps))
+			    (set-car! (cdr elts) (cadr apps))
+			    #f))))))
+	   (ly:music-property m 'elements)))
+      #f)
+    music))
+
+% Override \afterGrace to be in terms of audio, not spacing.
+% Special handling for a gruppetto after a trill.
+#(define (ac:aftergrace main grace)
+  (let*
+   ((main-length (ly:music-length main))
+    (grace-orig-length (ly:music-length grace))
+    (gracelen (ac:twiddletime main))
+    (grace-factor (ly:moment-div gracelen grace-orig-length))
+    (new-main-length (ly:moment-sub main-length gracelen))
+    (factor (ly:moment-div new-main-length main-length))
+  )
+   (map (lambda (y) (set! (ly:music-property y 'twiddle) gracelen))
+         (filter (lambda (z)
+                  (and
+                   (eq? 'ArticulationEvent (ly:music-property z 'name))
+                   (eq? 'trill (ly:music-property z 'articulation-type))))
+          (ly:music-property main 'elements)))
+   (ac:add-articulation 'tenuto grace)
+   (make-sequential-music  (list (ly:music-compress main factor) (ly:music-compress grace grace-factor)))))
+
+% An appoggiatura takes half the duration of the main note,
+% or 1/3 if the note is dotted (i.e., half the undotted equivalent time)
+% Somewhere around the end of the 19th, start of 20th century the rules
+% changed, but my main interest is early music.
+#(define (ac:appoggiatura grace main)
+  (let* ((maindur (ly:music-length main))
+         (grace-orig-len (ly:music-length grace))
+         (main-orig-len (ly:music-length main))
+         (numerator (ly:moment-main-numerator maindur))
+         (factor (if (eqv? (remainder numerator 3) 0)
+                  (ly:make-moment 1/3) (ly:make-moment 1/2))))
+   (ly:music-compress grace
+    (ly:moment-mul factor (ly:moment-div main-orig-len grace-orig-len)))
+   (ly:music-compress main (ly:moment-sub (ly:make-moment 1/1) factor))
+
+    (set! (ly:music-property grace 'elements)
+     (append (ly:music-property grace 'elements)
+      (list (make-music 'SlurEvent 'span-direction -1))))
+    (set! (ly:music-property main 'elements)
+     (append (ly:music-property main 'elements)
+      (list (make-music 'SlurEvent 'span-direction 1))))
+     (make-sequential-music (list grace main))))