xcoll 0.5.12__py3-none-any.whl → 0.6.0__py3-none-any.whl

xcoll/scattering_routines/geant4/collimasim/lib/pybind11/include/pybind11/pybind11.h

@@ -1,2497 +0,0 @@
-/*
-    pybind11/pybind11.h: Main header file of the C++11 python
-    binding generator library
-
-    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
-
-    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
-    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
-*/
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include "attr.h"
-#include "gil.h"
-#include "options.h"
-#include "detail/class.h"
-#include "detail/init.h"
-
-#include <cstdlib>
-#include <memory>
-#include <new>
-#include <vector>
-#include <string>
-#include <utility>
-
-#include <string.h>
-
-#if defined(__cpp_lib_launder) && !(defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER < 1914))
-#  define PYBIND11_STD_LAUNDER std::launder
-#  define PYBIND11_HAS_STD_LAUNDER 1
-#else
-#  define PYBIND11_STD_LAUNDER
-#  define PYBIND11_HAS_STD_LAUNDER 0
-#endif
-#if defined(__GNUG__) && !defined(__clang__)
-#  include <cxxabi.h>
-#endif
-
-/* https://stackoverflow.com/questions/46798456/handling-gccs-noexcept-type-warning
-   This warning is about ABI compatibility, not code health.
-   It is only actually needed in a couple places, but apparently GCC 7 "generates this warning if
-   and only if the first template instantiation ... involves noexcept" [stackoverflow], therefore
-   it could get triggered from seemingly random places, depending on user code.
-   No other GCC version generates this warning.
- */
-#if defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ == 7
-#    pragma GCC diagnostic push
-#    pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wnoexcept-type"
-#endif
-
-PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
-
-PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
-
-// Apply all the extensions translators from a list
-// Return true if one of the translators completed without raising an exception
-// itself. Return of false indicates that if there are other translators
-// available, they should be tried.
-inline bool apply_exception_translators(std::forward_list<ExceptionTranslator>& translators) {
-    auto last_exception = std::current_exception();
-
-    for (auto &translator : translators) {
-        try {
-            translator(last_exception);
-            return true;
-        } catch (...) {
-            last_exception = std::current_exception();
-        }
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
-#if defined(_MSC_VER)
-#    define PYBIND11_COMPAT_STRDUP _strdup
-#else
-#    define PYBIND11_COMPAT_STRDUP strdup
-#endif
-
-PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
-
-/// Wraps an arbitrary C++ function/method/lambda function/.. into a callable Python object
-class cpp_function : public function {
-public:
-    cpp_function() = default;
-    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
-    cpp_function(std::nullptr_t) { }
-
-    /// Construct a cpp_function from a vanilla function pointer
-    template <typename Return, typename... Args, typename... Extra>
-    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
-    cpp_function(Return (*f)(Args...), const Extra&... extra) {
-        initialize(f, f, extra...);
-    }
-
-    /// Construct a cpp_function from a lambda function (possibly with internal state)
-    template <typename Func, typename... Extra,
-              typename = detail::enable_if_t<detail::is_lambda<Func>::value>>
-    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
-    cpp_function(Func &&f, const Extra&... extra) {
-        initialize(std::forward<Func>(f),
-                   (detail::function_signature_t<Func> *) nullptr, extra...);
-    }
-
-    /// Construct a cpp_function from a class method (non-const, no ref-qualifier)
-    template <typename Return, typename Class, typename... Arg, typename... Extra>
-    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
-    cpp_function(Return (Class::*f)(Arg...), const Extra&... extra) {
-        initialize([f](Class *c, Arg... args) -> Return { return (c->*f)(std::forward<Arg>(args)...); },
-                   (Return (*) (Class *, Arg...)) nullptr, extra...);
-    }
-
-    /// Construct a cpp_function from a class method (non-const, lvalue ref-qualifier)
-    /// A copy of the overload for non-const functions without explicit ref-qualifier
-    /// but with an added `&`.
-    template <typename Return, typename Class, typename... Arg, typename... Extra>
-    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
-    cpp_function(Return (Class::*f)(Arg...)&, const Extra&... extra) {
-        initialize([f](Class *c, Arg... args) -> Return { return (c->*f)(args...); },
-                   (Return (*) (Class *, Arg...)) nullptr, extra...);
-    }
-
-    /// Construct a cpp_function from a class method (const, no ref-qualifier)
-    template <typename Return, typename Class, typename... Arg, typename... Extra>
-    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
-    cpp_function(Return (Class::*f)(Arg...) const, const Extra&... extra) {
-        initialize([f](const Class *c, Arg... args) -> Return { return (c->*f)(std::forward<Arg>(args)...); },
-                   (Return (*)(const Class *, Arg ...)) nullptr, extra...);
-    }
-
-    /// Construct a cpp_function from a class method (const, lvalue ref-qualifier)
-    /// A copy of the overload for const functions without explicit ref-qualifier
-    /// but with an added `&`.
-    template <typename Return, typename Class, typename... Arg, typename... Extra>
-    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
-    cpp_function(Return (Class::*f)(Arg...) const&, const Extra&... extra) {
-        initialize([f](const Class *c, Arg... args) -> Return { return (c->*f)(args...); },
-                   (Return (*)(const Class *, Arg ...)) nullptr, extra...);
-    }
-
-    /// Return the function name
-    object name() const { return attr("__name__"); }
-
-protected:
-    struct InitializingFunctionRecordDeleter {
-        // `destruct(function_record, false)`: `initialize_generic` copies strings and
-        // takes care of cleaning up in case of exceptions. So pass `false` to `free_strings`.
-        void operator()(detail::function_record * rec) { destruct(rec, false); }
-    };
-    using unique_function_record = std::unique_ptr<detail::function_record, InitializingFunctionRecordDeleter>;
-
-    /// Space optimization: don't inline this frequently instantiated fragment
-    PYBIND11_NOINLINE unique_function_record make_function_record() {
-        return unique_function_record(new detail::function_record());
-    }
-
-    /// Special internal constructor for functors, lambda functions, etc.
-    template <typename Func, typename Return, typename... Args, typename... Extra>
-    void initialize(Func &&f, Return (*)(Args...), const Extra&... extra) {
-        using namespace detail;
-        struct capture { remove_reference_t<Func> f; };
-
-        /* Store the function including any extra state it might have (e.g. a lambda capture object) */
-        // The unique_ptr makes sure nothing is leaked in case of an exception.
-        auto unique_rec = make_function_record();
-        auto rec = unique_rec.get();
-
-        /* Store the capture object directly in the function record if there is enough space */
-        if (PYBIND11_SILENCE_MSVC_C4127(sizeof(capture) <= sizeof(rec->data))) {
-            /* Without these pragmas, GCC warns that there might not be
-               enough space to use the placement new operator. However, the
-               'if' statement above ensures that this is the case. */
-#if defined(__GNUG__) && __GNUC__ >= 6 && !defined(__clang__) && !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
-#  pragma GCC diagnostic push
-#  pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wplacement-new"
-#endif
-            new ((capture *) &rec->data) capture { std::forward<Func>(f) };
-#if defined(__GNUG__) && __GNUC__ >= 6 && !defined(__clang__) && !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
-#  pragma GCC diagnostic pop
-#endif
-#if defined(__GNUG__) && !PYBIND11_HAS_STD_LAUNDER && !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
-#  pragma GCC diagnostic push
-#  pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wstrict-aliasing"
-#endif
-            // UB without std::launder, but without breaking ABI and/or
-            // a significant refactoring it's "impossible" to solve.
-            if (!std::is_trivially_destructible<capture>::value)
-                rec->free_data = [](function_record *r) {
-                    auto data = PYBIND11_STD_LAUNDER((capture *) &r->data);
-                    (void) data;
-                    data->~capture();
-                };
-#if defined(__GNUG__) && !PYBIND11_HAS_STD_LAUNDER && !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
-#  pragma GCC diagnostic pop
-#endif
-        } else {
-            rec->data[0] = new capture { std::forward<Func>(f) };
-            rec->free_data = [](function_record *r) { delete ((capture *) r->data[0]); };
-        }
-
-        /* Type casters for the function arguments and return value */
-        using cast_in = argument_loader<Args...>;
-        using cast_out = make_caster<
-            conditional_t<std::is_void<Return>::value, void_type, Return>
-        >;
-
-        static_assert(expected_num_args<Extra...>(sizeof...(Args), cast_in::has_args, cast_in::has_kwargs),
-                      "The number of argument annotations does not match the number of function arguments");
-
-        /* Dispatch code which converts function arguments and performs the actual function call */
-        rec->impl = [](function_call &call) -> handle {
-            cast_in args_converter;
-
-            /* Try to cast the function arguments into the C++ domain */
-            if (!args_converter.load_args(call))
-                return PYBIND11_TRY_NEXT_OVERLOAD;
-
-            /* Invoke call policy pre-call hook */
-            process_attributes<Extra...>::precall(call);
-
-            /* Get a pointer to the capture object */
-            auto data = (sizeof(capture) <= sizeof(call.func.data)
-                         ? &call.func.data : call.func.data[0]);
-            auto *cap = const_cast<capture *>(reinterpret_cast<const capture *>(data));
-
-            /* Override policy for rvalues -- usually to enforce rvp::move on an rvalue */
-            return_value_policy policy = return_value_policy_override<Return>::policy(call.func.policy);
-
-            /* Function scope guard -- defaults to the compile-to-nothing `void_type` */
-            using Guard = extract_guard_t<Extra...>;
-
-            /* Perform the function call */
-            handle result = cast_out::cast(
-                std::move(args_converter).template call<Return, Guard>(cap->f), policy, call.parent);
-
-            /* Invoke call policy post-call hook */
-            process_attributes<Extra...>::postcall(call, result);
-
-            return result;
-        };
-
-        /* Process any user-provided function attributes */
-        process_attributes<Extra...>::init(extra..., rec);
-
-        {
-            constexpr bool has_kw_only_args = any_of<std::is_same<kw_only, Extra>...>::value,
-                           has_pos_only_args = any_of<std::is_same<pos_only, Extra>...>::value,
-                           has_args = any_of<std::is_same<args, Args>...>::value,
-                           has_arg_annotations = any_of<is_keyword<Extra>...>::value;
-            static_assert(has_arg_annotations || !has_kw_only_args, "py::kw_only requires the use of argument annotations");
-            static_assert(has_arg_annotations || !has_pos_only_args, "py::pos_only requires the use of argument annotations (for docstrings and aligning the annotations to the argument)");
-            static_assert(!(has_args && has_kw_only_args), "py::kw_only cannot be combined with a py::args argument");
-        }
-
-        /* Generate a readable signature describing the function's arguments and return value types */
-        static constexpr auto signature = _("(") + cast_in::arg_names + _(") -> ") + cast_out::name;
-        PYBIND11_DESCR_CONSTEXPR auto types = decltype(signature)::types();
-
-        /* Register the function with Python from generic (non-templated) code */
-        // Pass on the ownership over the `unique_rec` to `initialize_generic`. `rec` stays valid.
-        initialize_generic(std::move(unique_rec), signature.text, types.data(), sizeof...(Args));
-
-        if (cast_in::has_args) rec->has_args = true;
-        if (cast_in::has_kwargs) rec->has_kwargs = true;
-
-        /* Stash some additional information used by an important optimization in 'functional.h' */
-        using FunctionType = Return (*)(Args...);
-        constexpr bool is_function_ptr =
-            std::is_convertible<Func, FunctionType>::value &&
-            sizeof(capture) == sizeof(void *);
-        if (is_function_ptr) {
-            rec->is_stateless = true;
-            rec->data[1] = const_cast<void *>(reinterpret_cast<const void *>(&typeid(FunctionType)));
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Utility class that keeps track of all duplicated strings, and cleans them up in its destructor,
-    // unless they are released. Basically a RAII-solution to deal with exceptions along the way.
-    class strdup_guard {
-    public:
-        ~strdup_guard() {
-            for (auto s : strings)
-                std::free(s);
-        }
-        char *operator()(const char *s) {
-            auto t = PYBIND11_COMPAT_STRDUP(s);
-            strings.push_back(t);
-            return t;
-        }
-        void release() {
-            strings.clear();
-        }
-    private:
-        std::vector<char *> strings;
-    };
-
-    /// Register a function call with Python (generic non-templated code goes here)
-    void initialize_generic(unique_function_record &&unique_rec, const char *text,
-                            const std::type_info *const *types, size_t args) {
-        // Do NOT receive `unique_rec` by value. If this function fails to move out the unique_ptr,
-        // we do not want this to destuct the pointer. `initialize` (the caller) still relies on the
-        // pointee being alive after this call. Only move out if a `capsule` is going to keep it alive.
-        auto rec = unique_rec.get();
-
-        // Keep track of strdup'ed strings, and clean them up as long as the function's capsule
-        // has not taken ownership yet (when `unique_rec.release()` is called).
-        // Note: This cannot easily be fixed by a `unique_ptr` with custom deleter, because the strings
-        // are only referenced before strdup'ing. So only *after* the following block could `destruct`
-        // safely be called, but even then, `repr` could still throw in the middle of copying all strings.
-        strdup_guard guarded_strdup;
-
-        /* Create copies of all referenced C-style strings */
-        rec->name = guarded_strdup(rec->name ? rec->name : "");
-        if (rec->doc) rec->doc = guarded_strdup(rec->doc);
-        for (auto &a: rec->args) {
-            if (a.name)
-                a.name = guarded_strdup(a.name);
-            if (a.descr)
-                a.descr = guarded_strdup(a.descr);
-            else if (a.value)
-                a.descr = guarded_strdup(repr(a.value).cast<std::string>().c_str());
-        }
-
-        rec->is_constructor
-            = (strcmp(rec->name, "__init__") == 0) || (strcmp(rec->name, "__setstate__") == 0);
-
-#if !defined(NDEBUG) && !defined(PYBIND11_DISABLE_NEW_STYLE_INIT_WARNING)
-        if (rec->is_constructor && !rec->is_new_style_constructor) {
-            const auto class_name = detail::get_fully_qualified_tp_name((PyTypeObject *) rec->scope.ptr());
-            const auto func_name = std::string(rec->name);
-            PyErr_WarnEx(
-                PyExc_FutureWarning,
-                ("pybind11-bound class '" + class_name + "' is using an old-style "
-                 "placement-new '" + func_name + "' which has been deprecated. See "
-                 "the upgrade guide in pybind11's docs. This message is only visible "
-                 "when compiled in debug mode.").c_str(), 0
-            );
-        }
-#endif
-
-        /* Generate a proper function signature */
-        std::string signature;
-        size_t type_index = 0, arg_index = 0;
-        for (auto *pc = text; *pc != '\0'; ++pc) {
-            const auto c = *pc;
-
-            if (c == '{') {
-                // Write arg name for everything except *args and **kwargs.
-                if (*(pc + 1) == '*')
-                    continue;
-                // Separator for keyword-only arguments, placed before the kw
-                // arguments start
-                if (rec->nargs_kw_only > 0 && arg_index + rec->nargs_kw_only == args)
-                    signature += "*, ";
-                if (arg_index < rec->args.size() && rec->args[arg_index].name) {
-                    signature += rec->args[arg_index].name;
-                } else if (arg_index == 0 && rec->is_method) {
-                    signature += "self";
-                } else {
-                    signature += "arg" + std::to_string(arg_index - (rec->is_method ? 1 : 0));
-                }
-                signature += ": ";
-            } else if (c == '}') {
-                // Write default value if available.
-                if (arg_index < rec->args.size() && rec->args[arg_index].descr) {
-                    signature += " = ";
-                    signature += rec->args[arg_index].descr;
-                }
-                // Separator for positional-only arguments (placed after the
-                // argument, rather than before like *
-                if (rec->nargs_pos_only > 0 && (arg_index + 1) == rec->nargs_pos_only)
-                    signature += ", /";
-                arg_index++;
-            } else if (c == '%') {
-                const std::type_info *t = types[type_index++];
-                if (!t)
-                    pybind11_fail("Internal error while parsing type signature (1)");
-                if (auto tinfo = detail::get_type_info(*t)) {
-                    handle th((PyObject *) tinfo->type);
-                    signature +=
-                        th.attr("__module__").cast<std::string>() + "." +
-                        th.attr("__qualname__").cast<std::string>(); // Python 3.3+, but we backport it to earlier versions
-                } else if (rec->is_new_style_constructor && arg_index == 0) {
-                    // A new-style `__init__` takes `self` as `value_and_holder`.
-                    // Rewrite it to the proper class type.
-                    signature +=
-                        rec->scope.attr("__module__").cast<std::string>() + "." +
-                        rec->scope.attr("__qualname__").cast<std::string>();
-                } else {
-                    std::string tname(t->name());
-                    detail::clean_type_id(tname);
-                    signature += tname;
-                }
-            } else {
-                signature += c;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (arg_index != args || types[type_index] != nullptr)
-            pybind11_fail("Internal error while parsing type signature (2)");
-
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
-        if (strcmp(rec->name, "__next__") == 0) {
-            std::free(rec->name);
-            rec->name = guarded_strdup("next");
-        } else if (strcmp(rec->name, "__bool__") == 0) {
-            std::free(rec->name);
-            rec->name = guarded_strdup("__nonzero__");
-        }
-#endif
-        rec->signature = guarded_strdup(signature.c_str());
-        rec->args.shrink_to_fit();
-        rec->nargs = (std::uint16_t) args;
-
-        if (rec->sibling && PYBIND11_INSTANCE_METHOD_CHECK(rec->sibling.ptr()))
-            rec->sibling = PYBIND11_INSTANCE_METHOD_GET_FUNCTION(rec->sibling.ptr());
-
-        detail::function_record *chain = nullptr, *chain_start = rec;
-        if (rec->sibling) {
-            if (PyCFunction_Check(rec->sibling.ptr())) {
-                auto *self = PyCFunction_GET_SELF(rec->sibling.ptr());
-                capsule rec_capsule = isinstance<capsule>(self) ? reinterpret_borrow<capsule>(self) : capsule(self);
-                chain = (detail::function_record *) rec_capsule;
-                /* Never append a method to an overload chain of a parent class;
-                   instead, hide the parent's overloads in this case */
-                if (!chain->scope.is(rec->scope))
-                    chain = nullptr;
-            }
-            // Don't trigger for things like the default __init__, which are wrapper_descriptors that we are intentionally replacing
-            else if (!rec->sibling.is_none() && rec->name[0] != '_')
-                pybind11_fail("Cannot overload existing non-function object \"" + std::string(rec->name) +
-                        "\" with a function of the same name");
-        }
-
-        if (!chain) {
-            /* No existing overload was found, create a new function object */
-            rec->def = new PyMethodDef();
-            std::memset(rec->def, 0, sizeof(PyMethodDef));
-            rec->def->ml_name = rec->name;
-            rec->def->ml_meth
-                = reinterpret_cast<PyCFunction>(reinterpret_cast<void (*)()>(dispatcher));
-            rec->def->ml_flags = METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS;
-
-            capsule rec_capsule(unique_rec.release(), [](void *ptr) {
-                destruct((detail::function_record *) ptr);
-            });
-            guarded_strdup.release();
-
-            object scope_module;
-            if (rec->scope) {
-                if (hasattr(rec->scope, "__module__")) {
-                    scope_module = rec->scope.attr("__module__");
-                } else if (hasattr(rec->scope, "__name__")) {
-                    scope_module = rec->scope.attr("__name__");
-                }
-            }
-
-            m_ptr = PyCFunction_NewEx(rec->def, rec_capsule.ptr(), scope_module.ptr());
-            if (!m_ptr)
-                pybind11_fail("cpp_function::cpp_function(): Could not allocate function object");
-        } else {
-            /* Append at the beginning or end of the overload chain */
-            m_ptr = rec->sibling.ptr();
-            inc_ref();
-            if (chain->is_method != rec->is_method)
-                pybind11_fail("overloading a method with both static and instance methods is not supported; "
-                    #if defined(NDEBUG)
-                        "compile in debug mode for more details"
-                    #else
-                        "error while attempting to bind " + std::string(rec->is_method ? "instance" : "static") + " method " +
-                        std::string(pybind11::str(rec->scope.attr("__name__"))) + "." + std::string(rec->name) + signature
-                    #endif
-                );
-
-            if (rec->prepend) {
-                // Beginning of chain; we need to replace the capsule's current head-of-the-chain
-                // pointer with this one, then make this one point to the previous head of the
-                // chain.
-                chain_start = rec;
-                rec->next = chain;
-                auto rec_capsule = reinterpret_borrow<capsule>(((PyCFunctionObject *) m_ptr)->m_self);
-                rec_capsule.set_pointer(unique_rec.release());
-                guarded_strdup.release();
-            } else {
-                // Or end of chain (normal behavior)
-                chain_start = chain;
-                while (chain->next)
-                    chain = chain->next;
-                chain->next = unique_rec.release();
-                guarded_strdup.release();
-            }
-        }
-
-        std::string signatures;
-        int index = 0;
-        /* Create a nice pydoc rec including all signatures and
-           docstrings of the functions in the overload chain */
-        if (chain && options::show_function_signatures()) {
-            // First a generic signature
-            signatures += rec->name;
-            signatures += "(*args, **kwargs)\n";
-            signatures += "Overloaded function.\n\n";
-        }
-        // Then specific overload signatures
-        bool first_user_def = true;
-        for (auto it = chain_start; it != nullptr; it = it->next) {
-            if (options::show_function_signatures()) {
-                if (index > 0) signatures += "\n";
-                if (chain)
-                    signatures += std::to_string(++index) + ". ";
-                signatures += rec->name;
-                signatures += it->signature;
-                signatures += "\n";
-            }
-            if (it->doc && it->doc[0] != '\0' && options::show_user_defined_docstrings()) {
-                // If we're appending another docstring, and aren't printing function signatures, we
-                // need to append a newline first:
-                if (!options::show_function_signatures()) {
-                    if (first_user_def) first_user_def = false;
-                    else signatures += "\n";
-                }
-                if (options::show_function_signatures()) signatures += "\n";
-                signatures += it->doc;
-                if (options::show_function_signatures()) signatures += "\n";
-            }
-        }
-
-        /* Install docstring */
-        auto *func = (PyCFunctionObject *) m_ptr;
-        std::free(const_cast<char *>(func->m_ml->ml_doc));
-        // Install docstring if it's non-empty (when at least one option is enabled)
-        func->m_ml->ml_doc
-            = signatures.empty() ? nullptr : PYBIND11_COMPAT_STRDUP(signatures.c_str());
-
-        if (rec->is_method) {
-            m_ptr = PYBIND11_INSTANCE_METHOD_NEW(m_ptr, rec->scope.ptr());
-            if (!m_ptr)
-                pybind11_fail("cpp_function::cpp_function(): Could not allocate instance method object");
-            Py_DECREF(func);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// When a cpp_function is GCed, release any memory allocated by pybind11
-    static void destruct(detail::function_record *rec, bool free_strings = true) {
-        // If on Python 3.9, check the interpreter "MICRO" (patch) version.
-        // If this is running on 3.9.0, we have to work around a bug.
-        #if !defined(PYPY_VERSION) && PY_MAJOR_VERSION == 3 && PY_MINOR_VERSION == 9
-            static bool is_zero = Py_GetVersion()[4] == '0';
-        #endif
-
-        while (rec) {
-            detail::function_record *next = rec->next;
-            if (rec->free_data)
-                rec->free_data(rec);
-            // During initialization, these strings might not have been copied yet,
-            // so they cannot be freed. Once the function has been created, they can.
-            // Check `make_function_record` for more details.
-            if (free_strings) {
-                std::free((char *) rec->name);
-                std::free((char *) rec->doc);
-                std::free((char *) rec->signature);
-                for (auto &arg: rec->args) {
-                    std::free(const_cast<char *>(arg.name));
-                    std::free(const_cast<char *>(arg.descr));
-                }
-            }
-            for (auto &arg: rec->args)
-                arg.value.dec_ref();
-            if (rec->def) {
-                std::free(const_cast<char *>(rec->def->ml_doc));
-                // Python 3.9.0 decref's these in the wrong order; rec->def
-                // If loaded on 3.9.0, let these leak (use Python 3.9.1 at runtime to fix)
-                // See https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/22670
-                #if !defined(PYPY_VERSION) && PY_MAJOR_VERSION == 3 && PY_MINOR_VERSION == 9
-                    if (!is_zero)
-                        delete rec->def;
-                #else
-                    delete rec->def;
-                #endif
-            }
-            delete rec;
-            rec = next;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /// Main dispatch logic for calls to functions bound using pybind11
-    static PyObject *dispatcher(PyObject *self, PyObject *args_in, PyObject *kwargs_in) {
-        using namespace detail;
-
-        /* Iterator over the list of potentially admissible overloads */
-        const function_record *overloads = (function_record *) PyCapsule_GetPointer(self, nullptr),
-                              *it = overloads;
-
-        /* Need to know how many arguments + keyword arguments there are to pick the right overload */
-        const auto n_args_in = (size_t) PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args_in);
-
-        handle parent = n_args_in > 0 ? PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args_in, 0) : nullptr,
-               result = PYBIND11_TRY_NEXT_OVERLOAD;
-
-        auto self_value_and_holder = value_and_holder();
-        if (overloads->is_constructor) {
-            if (!parent || !PyObject_TypeCheck(parent.ptr(), (PyTypeObject *) overloads->scope.ptr())) {
-                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "__init__(self, ...) called with invalid or missing `self` argument");
-                return nullptr;
-            }
-
-            const auto tinfo = get_type_info((PyTypeObject *) overloads->scope.ptr());
-            const auto pi = reinterpret_cast<instance *>(parent.ptr());
-            self_value_and_holder = pi->get_value_and_holder(tinfo, true);
-
-            // If this value is already registered it must mean __init__ is invoked multiple times;
-            // we really can't support that in C++, so just ignore the second __init__.
-            if (self_value_and_holder.instance_registered())
-                return none().release().ptr();
-        }
-
-        try {
-            // We do this in two passes: in the first pass, we load arguments with `convert=false`;
-            // in the second, we allow conversion (except for arguments with an explicit
-            // py::arg().noconvert()).  This lets us prefer calls without conversion, with
-            // conversion as a fallback.
-            std::vector<function_call> second_pass;
-
-            // However, if there are no overloads, we can just skip the no-convert pass entirely
-            const bool overloaded = it != nullptr && it->next != nullptr;
-
-            for (; it != nullptr; it = it->next) {
-
-                /* For each overload:
-                   1. Copy all positional arguments we were given, also checking to make sure that
-                      named positional arguments weren't *also* specified via kwarg.
-                   2. If we weren't given enough, try to make up the omitted ones by checking
-                      whether they were provided by a kwarg matching the `py::arg("name")` name.  If
-                      so, use it (and remove it from kwargs; if not, see if the function binding
-                      provided a default that we can use.
-                   3. Ensure that either all keyword arguments were "consumed", or that the function
-                      takes a kwargs argument to accept unconsumed kwargs.
-                   4. Any positional arguments still left get put into a tuple (for args), and any
-                      leftover kwargs get put into a dict.
-                   5. Pack everything into a vector; if we have py::args or py::kwargs, they are an
-                      extra tuple or dict at the end of the positional arguments.
-                   6. Call the function call dispatcher (function_record::impl)
-
-                   If one of these fail, move on to the next overload and keep trying until we get a
-                   result other than PYBIND11_TRY_NEXT_OVERLOAD.
-                 */
-
-                const function_record &func = *it;
-                size_t num_args = func.nargs;    // Number of positional arguments that we need
-                if (func.has_args) --num_args;   // (but don't count py::args
-                if (func.has_kwargs) --num_args; //  or py::kwargs)
-                size_t pos_args = num_args - func.nargs_kw_only;
-
-                if (!func.has_args && n_args_in > pos_args)
-                    continue; // Too many positional arguments for this overload
-
-                if (n_args_in < pos_args && func.args.size() < pos_args)
-                    continue; // Not enough positional arguments given, and not enough defaults to fill in the blanks
-
-                function_call call(func, parent);
-
-                size_t args_to_copy = (std::min)(pos_args, n_args_in); // Protect std::min with parentheses
-                size_t args_copied = 0;
-
-                // 0. Inject new-style `self` argument
-                if (func.is_new_style_constructor) {
-                    // The `value` may have been preallocated by an old-style `__init__`
-                    // if it was a preceding candidate for overload resolution.
-                    if (self_value_and_holder)
-                        self_value_and_holder.type->dealloc(self_value_and_holder);
-
-                    call.init_self = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args_in, 0);
-                    call.args.emplace_back(reinterpret_cast<PyObject *>(&self_value_and_holder));
-                    call.args_convert.push_back(false);
-                    ++args_copied;
-                }
-
-                // 1. Copy any position arguments given.
-                bool bad_arg = false;
-                for (; args_copied < args_to_copy; ++args_copied) {
-                    const argument_record *arg_rec = args_copied < func.args.size() ? &func.args[args_copied] : nullptr;
-                    if (kwargs_in && arg_rec && arg_rec->name && dict_getitemstring(kwargs_in, arg_rec->name)) {
-                        bad_arg = true;
-                        break;
-                    }
-
-                    handle arg(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args_in, args_copied));
-                    if (arg_rec && !arg_rec->none && arg.is_none()) {
-                        bad_arg = true;
-                        break;
-                    }
-                    call.args.push_back(arg);
-                    call.args_convert.push_back(arg_rec ? arg_rec->convert : true);
-                }
-                if (bad_arg)
-                    continue; // Maybe it was meant for another overload (issue #688)
-
-                // We'll need to copy this if we steal some kwargs for defaults
-                dict kwargs = reinterpret_borrow<dict>(kwargs_in);
-
-                // 1.5. Fill in any missing pos_only args from defaults if they exist
-                if (args_copied < func.nargs_pos_only) {
-                    for (; args_copied < func.nargs_pos_only; ++args_copied) {
-                        const auto &arg_rec = func.args[args_copied];
-                        handle value;
-
-                        if (arg_rec.value) {
-                            value = arg_rec.value;
-                        }
-                        if (value) {
-                            call.args.push_back(value);
-                            call.args_convert.push_back(arg_rec.convert);
-                        } else
-                            break;
-                    }
-
-                    if (args_copied < func.nargs_pos_only)
-                        continue; // Not enough defaults to fill the positional arguments
-                }
-
-                // 2. Check kwargs and, failing that, defaults that may help complete the list
-                if (args_copied < num_args) {
-                    bool copied_kwargs = false;
-
-                    for (; args_copied < num_args; ++args_copied) {
-                        const auto &arg_rec = func.args[args_copied];
-
-                        handle value;
-                        if (kwargs_in && arg_rec.name)
-                            value = dict_getitemstring(kwargs.ptr(), arg_rec.name);
-
-                        if (value) {
-                            // Consume a kwargs value
-                            if (!copied_kwargs) {
-                                kwargs = reinterpret_steal<dict>(PyDict_Copy(kwargs.ptr()));
-                                copied_kwargs = true;
-                            }
-                            if (PyDict_DelItemString(kwargs.ptr(), arg_rec.name) == -1) {
-                                throw error_already_set();
-                            }
-                        } else if (arg_rec.value) {
-                            value = arg_rec.value;
-                        }
-
-                        if (!arg_rec.none && value.is_none()) {
-                            break;
-                        }
-
-                        if (value) {
-                            call.args.push_back(value);
-                            call.args_convert.push_back(arg_rec.convert);
-                        }
-                        else
-                            break;
-                    }
-
-                    if (args_copied < num_args)
-                        continue; // Not enough arguments, defaults, or kwargs to fill the positional arguments
-                }
-
-                // 3. Check everything was consumed (unless we have a kwargs arg)
-                if (kwargs && !kwargs.empty() && !func.has_kwargs)
-                    continue; // Unconsumed kwargs, but no py::kwargs argument to accept them
-
-                // 4a. If we have a py::args argument, create a new tuple with leftovers
-                if (func.has_args) {
-                    tuple extra_args;
-                    if (args_to_copy == 0) {
-                        // We didn't copy out any position arguments from the args_in tuple, so we
-                        // can reuse it directly without copying:
-                        extra_args = reinterpret_borrow<tuple>(args_in);
-                    } else if (args_copied >= n_args_in) {
-                        extra_args = tuple(0);
-                    } else {
-                        size_t args_size = n_args_in - args_copied;
-                        extra_args = tuple(args_size);
-                        for (size_t i = 0; i < args_size; ++i) {
-                            extra_args[i] = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args_in, args_copied + i);
-                        }
-                    }
-                    call.args.push_back(extra_args);
-                    call.args_convert.push_back(false);
-                    call.args_ref = std::move(extra_args);
-                }
-
-                // 4b. If we have a py::kwargs, pass on any remaining kwargs
-                if (func.has_kwargs) {
-                    if (!kwargs.ptr())
-                        kwargs = dict(); // If we didn't get one, send an empty one
-                    call.args.push_back(kwargs);
-                    call.args_convert.push_back(false);
-                    call.kwargs_ref = std::move(kwargs);
-                }
-
-                // 5. Put everything in a vector.  Not technically step 5, we've been building it
-                // in `call.args` all along.
-                #if !defined(NDEBUG)
-                if (call.args.size() != func.nargs || call.args_convert.size() != func.nargs)
-                    pybind11_fail("Internal error: function call dispatcher inserted wrong number of arguments!");
-                #endif
-
-                std::vector<bool> second_pass_convert;
-                if (overloaded) {
-                    // We're in the first no-convert pass, so swap out the conversion flags for a
-                    // set of all-false flags.  If the call fails, we'll swap the flags back in for
-                    // the conversion-allowed call below.
-                    second_pass_convert.resize(func.nargs, false);
-                    call.args_convert.swap(second_pass_convert);
-                }
-
-                // 6. Call the function.
-                try {
-                    loader_life_support guard{};
-                    result = func.impl(call);
-                } catch (reference_cast_error &) {
-                    result = PYBIND11_TRY_NEXT_OVERLOAD;
-                }
-
-                if (result.ptr() != PYBIND11_TRY_NEXT_OVERLOAD)
-                    break;
-
-                if (overloaded) {
-                    // The (overloaded) call failed; if the call has at least one argument that
-                    // permits conversion (i.e. it hasn't been explicitly specified `.noconvert()`)
-                    // then add this call to the list of second pass overloads to try.
-                    for (size_t i = func.is_method ? 1 : 0; i < pos_args; i++) {
-                        if (second_pass_convert[i]) {
-                            // Found one: swap the converting flags back in and store the call for
-                            // the second pass.
-                            call.args_convert.swap(second_pass_convert);
-                            second_pass.push_back(std::move(call));
-                            break;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (overloaded && !second_pass.empty() && result.ptr() == PYBIND11_TRY_NEXT_OVERLOAD) {
-                // The no-conversion pass finished without success, try again with conversion allowed
-                for (auto &call : second_pass) {
-                    try {
-                        loader_life_support guard{};
-                        result = call.func.impl(call);
-                    } catch (reference_cast_error &) {
-                        result = PYBIND11_TRY_NEXT_OVERLOAD;
-                    }
-
-                    if (result.ptr() != PYBIND11_TRY_NEXT_OVERLOAD) {
-                        // The error reporting logic below expects 'it' to be valid, as it would be
-                        // if we'd encountered this failure in the first-pass loop.
-                        if (!result)
-                            it = &call.func;
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        } catch (error_already_set &e) {
-            e.restore();
-            return nullptr;
-#ifdef __GLIBCXX__
-        } catch ( abi::__forced_unwind& ) {
-            throw;
-#endif
-        } catch (...) {
-            /* When an exception is caught, give each registered exception
-               translator a chance to translate it to a Python exception. First
-               all module-local translators will be tried in reverse order of
-               registration. If none of the module-locale translators handle
-               the exception (or there are no module-locale translators) then
-               the global translators will be tried, also in reverse order of
-               registration.
-
-               A translator may choose to do one of the following:
-
-                - catch the exception and call PyErr_SetString or PyErr_SetObject
-                  to set a standard (or custom) Python exception, or
-                - do nothing and let the exception fall through to the next translator, or
-                - delegate translation to the next translator by throwing a new type of exception. */
-
-            auto &local_exception_translators = get_local_internals().registered_exception_translators;
-            if (detail::apply_exception_translators(local_exception_translators)) {
-                return nullptr;
-            }
-            auto &exception_translators = get_internals().registered_exception_translators;
-            if (detail::apply_exception_translators(exception_translators)) {
-                return nullptr;
-            }
-
-            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError, "Exception escaped from default exception translator!");
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-
-        auto append_note_if_missing_header_is_suspected = [](std::string &msg) {
-            if (msg.find("std::") != std::string::npos) {
-                msg += "\n\n"
-                       "Did you forget to `#include <pybind11/stl.h>`? Or <pybind11/complex.h>,\n"
-                       "<pybind11/functional.h>, <pybind11/chrono.h>, etc. Some automatic\n"
-                       "conversions are optional and require extra headers to be included\n"
-                       "when compiling your pybind11 module.";
-            }
-        };
-
-        if (result.ptr() == PYBIND11_TRY_NEXT_OVERLOAD) {
-            if (overloads->is_operator)
-                return handle(Py_NotImplemented).inc_ref().ptr();
-
-            std::string msg = std::string(overloads->name) + "(): incompatible " +
-                std::string(overloads->is_constructor ? "constructor" : "function") +
-                " arguments. The following argument types are supported:\n";
-
-            int ctr = 0;
-            for (const function_record *it2 = overloads; it2 != nullptr; it2 = it2->next) {
-                msg += "    "+ std::to_string(++ctr) + ". ";
-
-                bool wrote_sig = false;
-                if (overloads->is_constructor) {
-                    // For a constructor, rewrite `(self: Object, arg0, ...) -> NoneType` as `Object(arg0, ...)`
-                    std::string sig = it2->signature;
-                    size_t start = sig.find('(') + 7; // skip "(self: "
-                    if (start < sig.size()) {
-                        // End at the , for the next argument
-                        size_t end = sig.find(", "), next = end + 2;
-                        size_t ret = sig.rfind(" -> ");
-                        // Or the ), if there is no comma:
-                        if (end >= sig.size()) next = end = sig.find(')');
-                        if (start < end && next < sig.size()) {
-                            msg.append(sig, start, end - start);
-                            msg += '(';
-                            msg.append(sig, next, ret - next);
-                            wrote_sig = true;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                if (!wrote_sig) msg += it2->signature;
-
-                msg += "\n";
-            }
-            msg += "\nInvoked with: ";
-            auto args_ = reinterpret_borrow<tuple>(args_in);
-            bool some_args = false;
-            for (size_t ti = overloads->is_constructor ? 1 : 0; ti < args_.size(); ++ti) {
-                if (!some_args) some_args = true;
-                else msg += ", ";
-                try {
-                    msg += pybind11::repr(args_[ti]);
-                } catch (const error_already_set&) {
-                    msg += "<repr raised Error>";
-                }
-            }
-            if (kwargs_in) {
-                auto kwargs = reinterpret_borrow<dict>(kwargs_in);
-                if (!kwargs.empty()) {
-                    if (some_args) msg += "; ";
-                    msg += "kwargs: ";
-                    bool first = true;
-                    for (auto kwarg : kwargs) {
-                        if (first) first = false;
-                        else msg += ", ";
-                        msg += pybind11::str("{}=").format(kwarg.first);
-                        try {
-                            msg += pybind11::repr(kwarg.second);
-                        } catch (const error_already_set&) {
-                            msg += "<repr raised Error>";
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            append_note_if_missing_header_is_suspected(msg);
-            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, msg.c_str());
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-        if (!result) {
-            std::string msg = "Unable to convert function return value to a "
-                              "Python type! The signature was\n\t";
-            msg += it->signature;
-            append_note_if_missing_header_is_suspected(msg);
-            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, msg.c_str());
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-        if (overloads->is_constructor && !self_value_and_holder.holder_constructed()) {
-            auto *pi = reinterpret_cast<instance *>(parent.ptr());
-            self_value_and_holder.type->init_instance(pi, nullptr);
-        }
-        return result.ptr();
-    }
-};
-
-
-/// Wrapper for Python extension modules
-class module_ : public object {
-public:
-    PYBIND11_OBJECT_DEFAULT(module_, object, PyModule_Check)
-
-    /// Create a new top-level Python module with the given name and docstring
-    PYBIND11_DEPRECATED("Use PYBIND11_MODULE or module_::create_extension_module instead")
-    explicit module_(const char *name, const char *doc = nullptr) {
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
-        *this = create_extension_module(name, doc, new PyModuleDef());
-#else
-        *this = create_extension_module(name, doc, nullptr);
-#endif
-    }
-
-    /** \rst
-        Create Python binding for a new function within the module scope. ``Func``
-        can be a plain C++ function, a function pointer, or a lambda function. For
-        details on the ``Extra&& ... extra`` argument, see section :ref:`extras`.
-    \endrst */
-    template <typename Func, typename... Extra>
-    module_ &def(const char *name_, Func &&f, const Extra& ... extra) {
-        cpp_function func(std::forward<Func>(f), name(name_), scope(*this),
-                          sibling(getattr(*this, name_, none())), extra...);
-        // NB: allow overwriting here because cpp_function sets up a chain with the intention of
-        // overwriting (and has already checked internally that it isn't overwriting non-functions).
-        add_object(name_, func, true /* overwrite */);
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    /** \rst
-        Create and return a new Python submodule with the given name and docstring.
-        This also works recursively, i.e.
-
-        .. code-block:: cpp
-
-            py::module_ m("example", "pybind11 example plugin");
-            py::module_ m2 = m.def_submodule("sub", "A submodule of 'example'");
-            py::module_ m3 = m2.def_submodule("subsub", "A submodule of 'example.sub'");
-    \endrst */
-    module_ def_submodule(const char *name, const char *doc = nullptr) {
-        std::string full_name = std::string(PyModule_GetName(m_ptr))
-            + std::string(".") + std::string(name);
-        auto result = reinterpret_borrow<module_>(PyImport_AddModule(full_name.c_str()));
-        if (doc && options::show_user_defined_docstrings())
-            result.attr("__doc__") = pybind11::str(doc);
-        attr(name) = result;
-        return result;
-    }
-
-    /// Import and return a module or throws `error_already_set`.
-    static module_ import(const char *name) {
-        PyObject *obj = PyImport_ImportModule(name);
-        if (!obj)
-            throw error_already_set();
-        return reinterpret_steal<module_>(obj);
-    }
-
-    /// Reload the module or throws `error_already_set`.
-    void reload() {
-        PyObject *obj = PyImport_ReloadModule(ptr());
-        if (!obj)
-            throw error_already_set();
-        *this = reinterpret_steal<module_>(obj);
-    }
-
-    /** \rst
-        Adds an object to the module using the given name.  Throws if an object with the given name
-        already exists.
-
-        ``overwrite`` should almost always be false: attempting to overwrite objects that pybind11 has
-        established will, in most cases, break things.
-    \endrst */
-    PYBIND11_NOINLINE void add_object(const char *name, handle obj, bool overwrite = false) {
-        if (!overwrite && hasattr(*this, name))
-            pybind11_fail("Error during initialization: multiple incompatible definitions with name \"" +
-                    std::string(name) + "\"");
-
-        PyModule_AddObject(ptr(), name, obj.inc_ref().ptr() /* steals a reference */);
-    }
-
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
-    using module_def = PyModuleDef;
-#else
-    struct module_def {};
-#endif
-
-    /** \rst
-        Create a new top-level module that can be used as the main module of a C extension.
-
-        For Python 3, ``def`` should point to a statically allocated module_def.
-        For Python 2, ``def`` can be a nullptr and is completely ignored.
-    \endrst */
-    static module_ create_extension_module(const char *name, const char *doc, module_def *def) {
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
-        // module_def is PyModuleDef
-        def = new (def) PyModuleDef {  // Placement new (not an allocation).
-            /* m_base */     PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
-            /* m_name */     name,
-            /* m_doc */      options::show_user_defined_docstrings() ? doc : nullptr,
-            /* m_size */     -1,
-            /* m_methods */  nullptr,
-            /* m_slots */    nullptr,
-            /* m_traverse */ nullptr,
-            /* m_clear */    nullptr,
-            /* m_free */     nullptr
-        };
-        auto m = PyModule_Create(def);
-#else
-        // Ignore module_def *def; only necessary for Python 3
-        (void) def;
-        auto m = Py_InitModule3(name, nullptr, options::show_user_defined_docstrings() ? doc : nullptr);
-#endif
-        if (m == nullptr) {
-            if (PyErr_Occurred())
-                throw error_already_set();
-            pybind11_fail("Internal error in module_::create_extension_module()");
-        }
-        // TODO: Should be reinterpret_steal for Python 3, but Python also steals it again when returned from PyInit_...
-        //       For Python 2, reinterpret_borrow is correct.
-        return reinterpret_borrow<module_>(m);
-    }
-};
-
-// When inside a namespace (or anywhere as long as it's not the first item on a line),
-// C++20 allows "module" to be used. This is provided for backward compatibility, and for
-// simplicity, if someone wants to use py::module for example, that is perfectly safe.
-using module = module_;
-
-/// \ingroup python_builtins
-/// Return a dictionary representing the global variables in the current execution frame,
-/// or ``__main__.__dict__`` if there is no frame (usually when the interpreter is embedded).
-inline dict globals() {
-    PyObject *p = PyEval_GetGlobals();
-    return reinterpret_borrow<dict>(p ? p : module_::import("__main__").attr("__dict__").ptr());
-}
-
-#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03030000
-template <typename... Args,
-          typename = detail::enable_if_t<args_are_all_keyword_or_ds<Args...>()>>
-PYBIND11_DEPRECATED("make_simple_namespace should be replaced with py::module_::import(\"types\").attr(\"SimpleNamespace\") ")
-object make_simple_namespace(Args&&... args_) {
-    return module_::import("types").attr("SimpleNamespace")(std::forward<Args>(args_)...);
-}
-#endif
-
-PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
-/// Generic support for creating new Python heap types
-class generic_type : public object {
-public:
-    PYBIND11_OBJECT_DEFAULT(generic_type, object, PyType_Check)
-protected:
-    void initialize(const type_record &rec) {
-        if (rec.scope && hasattr(rec.scope, "__dict__") && rec.scope.attr("__dict__").contains(rec.name))
-            pybind11_fail("generic_type: cannot initialize type \"" + std::string(rec.name) +
-                          "\": an object with that name is already defined");
-
-        if ((rec.module_local ? get_local_type_info(*rec.type) : get_global_type_info(*rec.type))
-            != nullptr)
-            pybind11_fail("generic_type: type \"" + std::string(rec.name) +
-                          "\" is already registered!");
-
-        m_ptr = make_new_python_type(rec);
-
-        /* Register supplemental type information in C++ dict */
-        auto *tinfo = new detail::type_info();
-        tinfo->type = (PyTypeObject *) m_ptr;
-        tinfo->cpptype = rec.type;
-        tinfo->type_size = rec.type_size;
-        tinfo->type_align = rec.type_align;
-        tinfo->operator_new = rec.operator_new;
-        tinfo->holder_size_in_ptrs = size_in_ptrs(rec.holder_size);
-        tinfo->init_instance = rec.init_instance;
-        tinfo->dealloc = rec.dealloc;
-        tinfo->simple_type = true;
-        tinfo->simple_ancestors = true;
-        tinfo->default_holder = rec.default_holder;
-        tinfo->module_local = rec.module_local;
-
-        auto &internals = get_internals();
-        auto tindex = std::type_index(*rec.type);
-        tinfo->direct_conversions = &internals.direct_conversions[tindex];
-        if (rec.module_local)
-            get_local_internals().registered_types_cpp[tindex] = tinfo;
-        else
-            internals.registered_types_cpp[tindex] = tinfo;
-        internals.registered_types_py[(PyTypeObject *) m_ptr] = { tinfo };
-
-        if (rec.bases.size() > 1 || rec.multiple_inheritance) {
-            mark_parents_nonsimple(tinfo->type);
-            tinfo->simple_ancestors = false;
-        }
-        else if (rec.bases.size() == 1) {
-            auto parent_tinfo = get_type_info((PyTypeObject *) rec.bases[0].ptr());
-            tinfo->simple_ancestors = parent_tinfo->simple_ancestors;
-        }
-
-        if (rec.module_local) {
-            // Stash the local typeinfo and loader so that external modules can access it.
-            tinfo->module_local_load = &type_caster_generic::local_load;
-            setattr(m_ptr, PYBIND11_MODULE_LOCAL_ID, capsule(tinfo));
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Helper function which tags all parents of a type using mult. inheritance
-    void mark_parents_nonsimple(PyTypeObject *value) {
-        auto t = reinterpret_borrow<tuple>(value->tp_bases);
-        for (handle h : t) {
-            auto tinfo2 = get_type_info((PyTypeObject *) h.ptr());
-            if (tinfo2)
-                tinfo2->simple_type = false;
-            mark_parents_nonsimple((PyTypeObject *) h.ptr());
-        }
-    }
-
-    void install_buffer_funcs(
-            buffer_info *(*get_buffer)(PyObject *, void *),
-            void *get_buffer_data) {
-        auto *type = (PyHeapTypeObject*) m_ptr;
-        auto tinfo = detail::get_type_info(&type->ht_type);
-
-        if (!type->ht_type.tp_as_buffer)
-            pybind11_fail(
-                "To be able to register buffer protocol support for the type '" +
-                get_fully_qualified_tp_name(tinfo->type) +
-                "' the associated class<>(..) invocation must "
-                "include the pybind11::buffer_protocol() annotation!");
-
-        tinfo->get_buffer = get_buffer;
-        tinfo->get_buffer_data = get_buffer_data;
-    }
-
-    // rec_func must be set for either fget or fset.
-    void def_property_static_impl(const char *name,
-                                  handle fget, handle fset,
-                                  detail::function_record *rec_func) {
-        const auto is_static = (rec_func != nullptr) && !(rec_func->is_method && rec_func->scope);
-        const auto has_doc = (rec_func != nullptr) && (rec_func->doc != nullptr)
-                             && pybind11::options::show_user_defined_docstrings();
-        auto property = handle((PyObject *) (is_static ? get_internals().static_property_type
-                                                       : &PyProperty_Type));
-        attr(name) = property(fget.ptr() ? fget : none(),
-                              fset.ptr() ? fset : none(),
-                              /*deleter*/none(),
-                              pybind11::str(has_doc ? rec_func->doc : ""));
-    }
-};
-
-/// Set the pointer to operator new if it exists. The cast is needed because it can be overloaded.
-template <typename T, typename = void_t<decltype(static_cast<void *(*)(size_t)>(T::operator new))>>
-void set_operator_new(type_record *r) { r->operator_new = &T::operator new; }
-
-template <typename> void set_operator_new(...) { }
-
-template <typename T, typename SFINAE = void> struct has_operator_delete : std::false_type { };
-template <typename T> struct has_operator_delete<T, void_t<decltype(static_cast<void (*)(void *)>(T::operator delete))>>
-    : std::true_type { };
-template <typename T, typename SFINAE = void> struct has_operator_delete_size : std::false_type { };
-template <typename T> struct has_operator_delete_size<T, void_t<decltype(static_cast<void (*)(void *, size_t)>(T::operator delete))>>
-    : std::true_type { };
-/// Call class-specific delete if it exists or global otherwise. Can also be an overload set.
-template <typename T, enable_if_t<has_operator_delete<T>::value, int> = 0>
-void call_operator_delete(T *p, size_t, size_t) { T::operator delete(p); }
-template <typename T, enable_if_t<!has_operator_delete<T>::value && has_operator_delete_size<T>::value, int> = 0>
-void call_operator_delete(T *p, size_t s, size_t) { T::operator delete(p, s); }
-
-inline void call_operator_delete(void *p, size_t s, size_t a) {
-    (void)s; (void)a;
-    #if defined(__cpp_aligned_new) && (!defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1912)
-        if (a > __STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__) {
-            #ifdef __cpp_sized_deallocation
-                ::operator delete(p, s, std::align_val_t(a));
-            #else
-                ::operator delete(p, std::align_val_t(a));
-            #endif
-            return;
-        }
-    #endif
-    #ifdef __cpp_sized_deallocation
-        ::operator delete(p, s);
-    #else
-        ::operator delete(p);
-    #endif
-}
-
-inline void add_class_method(object& cls, const char *name_, const cpp_function &cf) {
-    cls.attr(cf.name()) = cf;
-    if (strcmp(name_, "__eq__") == 0 && !cls.attr("__dict__").contains("__hash__")) {
-      cls.attr("__hash__") = none();
-    }
-}
-
-PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
-
-/// Given a pointer to a member function, cast it to its `Derived` version.
-/// Forward everything else unchanged.
-template <typename /*Derived*/, typename F>
-auto method_adaptor(F &&f) -> decltype(std::forward<F>(f)) { return std::forward<F>(f); }
-
-template <typename Derived, typename Return, typename Class, typename... Args>
-auto method_adaptor(Return (Class::*pmf)(Args...)) -> Return (Derived::*)(Args...) {
-    static_assert(detail::is_accessible_base_of<Class, Derived>::value,
-        "Cannot bind an inaccessible base class method; use a lambda definition instead");
-    return pmf;
-}
-
-template <typename Derived, typename Return, typename Class, typename... Args>
-auto method_adaptor(Return (Class::*pmf)(Args...) const) -> Return (Derived::*)(Args...) const {
-    static_assert(detail::is_accessible_base_of<Class, Derived>::value,
-        "Cannot bind an inaccessible base class method; use a lambda definition instead");
-    return pmf;
-}
-
-template <typename type_, typename... options>
-class class_ : public detail::generic_type {
-    template <typename T> using is_holder = detail::is_holder_type<type_, T>;
-    template <typename T> using is_subtype = detail::is_strict_base_of<type_, T>;
-    template <typename T> using is_base = detail::is_strict_base_of<T, type_>;
-    // struct instead of using here to help MSVC:
-    template <typename T> struct is_valid_class_option :
-        detail::any_of<is_holder<T>, is_subtype<T>, is_base<T>> {};
-
-public:
-    using type = type_;
-    using type_alias = detail::exactly_one_t<is_subtype, void, options...>;
-    constexpr static bool has_alias = !std::is_void<type_alias>::value;
-    using holder_type = detail::exactly_one_t<is_holder, std::unique_ptr<type>, options...>;
-
-    static_assert(detail::all_of<is_valid_class_option<options>...>::value,
-            "Unknown/invalid class_ template parameters provided");
-
-    static_assert(!has_alias || std::is_polymorphic<type>::value,
-            "Cannot use an alias class with a non-polymorphic type");
-
-    PYBIND11_OBJECT(class_, generic_type, PyType_Check)
-
-    template <typename... Extra>
-    class_(handle scope, const char *name, const Extra &... extra) {
-        using namespace detail;
-
-        // MI can only be specified via class_ template options, not constructor parameters
-        static_assert(
-            none_of<is_pyobject<Extra>...>::value || // no base class arguments, or:
-            (   constexpr_sum(is_pyobject<Extra>::value...) == 1 && // Exactly one base
-                constexpr_sum(is_base<options>::value...)   == 0 && // no template option bases
-                none_of<std::is_same<multiple_inheritance, Extra>...>::value), // no multiple_inheritance attr
-            "Error: multiple inheritance bases must be specified via class_ template options");
-
-        type_record record;
-        record.scope = scope;
-        record.name = name;
-        record.type = &typeid(type);
-        record.type_size = sizeof(conditional_t<has_alias, type_alias, type>);
-        record.type_align = alignof(conditional_t<has_alias, type_alias, type>&);
-        record.holder_size = sizeof(holder_type);
-        record.init_instance = init_instance;
-        record.dealloc = dealloc;
-        record.default_holder = detail::is_instantiation<std::unique_ptr, holder_type>::value;
-
-        set_operator_new<type>(&record);
-
-        /* Register base classes specified via template arguments to class_, if any */
-        PYBIND11_EXPAND_SIDE_EFFECTS(add_base<options>(record));
-
-        /* Process optional arguments, if any */
-        process_attributes<Extra...>::init(extra..., &record);
-
-        generic_type::initialize(record);
-
-        if (has_alias) {
-            auto &instances = record.module_local ? get_local_internals().registered_types_cpp : get_internals().registered_types_cpp;
-            instances[std::type_index(typeid(type_alias))] = instances[std::type_index(typeid(type))];
-        }
-    }
-
-    template <typename Base, detail::enable_if_t<is_base<Base>::value, int> = 0>
-    static void add_base(detail::type_record &rec) {
-        rec.add_base(typeid(Base), [](void *src) -> void * {
-            return static_cast<Base *>(reinterpret_cast<type *>(src));
-        });
-    }
-
-    template <typename Base, detail::enable_if_t<!is_base<Base>::value, int> = 0>
-    static void add_base(detail::type_record &) { }
-
-    template <typename Func, typename... Extra>
-    class_ &def(const char *name_, Func&& f, const Extra&... extra) {
-        cpp_function cf(method_adaptor<type>(std::forward<Func>(f)), name(name_), is_method(*this),
-                        sibling(getattr(*this, name_, none())), extra...);
-        add_class_method(*this, name_, cf);
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    template <typename Func, typename... Extra> class_ &
-    def_static(const char *name_, Func &&f, const Extra&... extra) {
-        static_assert(!std::is_member_function_pointer<Func>::value,
-                "def_static(...) called with a non-static member function pointer");
-        cpp_function cf(std::forward<Func>(f), name(name_), scope(*this),
-                        sibling(getattr(*this, name_, none())), extra...);
-        attr(cf.name()) = staticmethod(cf);
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    template <detail::op_id id, detail::op_type ot, typename L, typename R, typename... Extra>
-    class_ &def(const detail::op_<id, ot, L, R> &op, const Extra&... extra) {
-        op.execute(*this, extra...);
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    template <detail::op_id id, detail::op_type ot, typename L, typename R, typename... Extra>
-    class_ & def_cast(const detail::op_<id, ot, L, R> &op, const Extra&... extra) {
-        op.execute_cast(*this, extra...);
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    template <typename... Args, typename... Extra>
-    class_ &def(const detail::initimpl::constructor<Args...> &init, const Extra&... extra) {
-        PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_MSVC_C4100(init);
-        init.execute(*this, extra...);
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    template <typename... Args, typename... Extra>
-    class_ &def(const detail::initimpl::alias_constructor<Args...> &init, const Extra&... extra) {
-        PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_MSVC_C4100(init);
-        init.execute(*this, extra...);
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    template <typename... Args, typename... Extra>
-    class_ &def(detail::initimpl::factory<Args...> &&init, const Extra&... extra) {
-        std::move(init).execute(*this, extra...);
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    template <typename... Args, typename... Extra>
-    class_ &def(detail::initimpl::pickle_factory<Args...> &&pf, const Extra &...extra) {
-        std::move(pf).execute(*this, extra...);
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    template <typename Func>
-    class_& def_buffer(Func &&func) {
-        struct capture { Func func; };
-        auto *ptr = new capture { std::forward<Func>(func) };
-        install_buffer_funcs([](PyObject *obj, void *ptr) -> buffer_info* {
-            detail::make_caster<type> caster;
-            if (!caster.load(obj, false))
-                return nullptr;
-            return new buffer_info(((capture *) ptr)->func(caster));
-        }, ptr);
-        weakref(m_ptr, cpp_function([ptr](handle wr) {
-            delete ptr;
-            wr.dec_ref();
-        })).release();
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    template <typename Return, typename Class, typename... Args>
-    class_ &def_buffer(Return (Class::*func)(Args...)) {
-        return def_buffer([func] (type &obj) { return (obj.*func)(); });
-    }
-
-    template <typename Return, typename Class, typename... Args>
-    class_ &def_buffer(Return (Class::*func)(Args...) const) {
-        return def_buffer([func] (const type &obj) { return (obj.*func)(); });
-    }
-
-    template <typename C, typename D, typename... Extra>
-    class_ &def_readwrite(const char *name, D C::*pm, const Extra&... extra) {
-        static_assert(std::is_same<C, type>::value || std::is_base_of<C, type>::value, "def_readwrite() requires a class member (or base class member)");
-        cpp_function fget([pm](const type &c) -> const D &{ return c.*pm; }, is_method(*this)),
-                     fset([pm](type &c, const D &value) { c.*pm = value; }, is_method(*this));
-        def_property(name, fget, fset, return_value_policy::reference_internal, extra...);
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    template <typename C, typename D, typename... Extra>
-    class_ &def_readonly(const char *name, const D C::*pm, const Extra& ...extra) {
-        static_assert(std::is_same<C, type>::value || std::is_base_of<C, type>::value, "def_readonly() requires a class member (or base class member)");
-        cpp_function fget([pm](const type &c) -> const D &{ return c.*pm; }, is_method(*this));
-        def_property_readonly(name, fget, return_value_policy::reference_internal, extra...);
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    template <typename D, typename... Extra>
-    class_ &def_readwrite_static(const char *name, D *pm, const Extra& ...extra) {
-        cpp_function fget([pm](const object &) -> const D & { return *pm; }, scope(*this)),
-            fset([pm](const object &, const D &value) { *pm = value; }, scope(*this));
-        def_property_static(name, fget, fset, return_value_policy::reference, extra...);
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    template <typename D, typename... Extra>
-    class_ &def_readonly_static(const char *name, const D *pm, const Extra& ...extra) {
-        cpp_function fget([pm](const object &) -> const D & { return *pm; }, scope(*this));
-        def_property_readonly_static(name, fget, return_value_policy::reference, extra...);
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    /// Uses return_value_policy::reference_internal by default
-    template <typename Getter, typename... Extra>
-    class_ &def_property_readonly(const char *name, const Getter &fget, const Extra& ...extra) {
-        return def_property_readonly(name, cpp_function(method_adaptor<type>(fget)),
-                                     return_value_policy::reference_internal, extra...);
-    }
-
-    /// Uses cpp_function's return_value_policy by default
-    template <typename... Extra>
-    class_ &def_property_readonly(const char *name, const cpp_function &fget, const Extra& ...extra) {
-        return def_property(name, fget, nullptr, extra...);
-    }
-
-    /// Uses return_value_policy::reference by default
-    template <typename Getter, typename... Extra>
-    class_ &def_property_readonly_static(const char *name, const Getter &fget, const Extra& ...extra) {
-        return def_property_readonly_static(name, cpp_function(fget), return_value_policy::reference, extra...);
-    }
-
-    /// Uses cpp_function's return_value_policy by default
-    template <typename... Extra>
-    class_ &def_property_readonly_static(const char *name, const cpp_function &fget, const Extra& ...extra) {
-        return def_property_static(name, fget, nullptr, extra...);
-    }
-
-    /// Uses return_value_policy::reference_internal by default
-    template <typename Getter, typename Setter, typename... Extra>
-    class_ &def_property(const char *name, const Getter &fget, const Setter &fset, const Extra& ...extra) {
-        return def_property(name, fget, cpp_function(method_adaptor<type>(fset)), extra...);
-    }
-    template <typename Getter, typename... Extra>
-    class_ &def_property(const char *name, const Getter &fget, const cpp_function &fset, const Extra& ...extra) {
-        return def_property(name, cpp_function(method_adaptor<type>(fget)), fset,
-                            return_value_policy::reference_internal, extra...);
-    }
-
-    /// Uses cpp_function's return_value_policy by default
-    template <typename... Extra>
-    class_ &def_property(const char *name, const cpp_function &fget, const cpp_function &fset, const Extra& ...extra) {
-        return def_property_static(name, fget, fset, is_method(*this), extra...);
-    }
-
-    /// Uses return_value_policy::reference by default
-    template <typename Getter, typename... Extra>
-    class_ &def_property_static(const char *name, const Getter &fget, const cpp_function &fset, const Extra& ...extra) {
-        return def_property_static(name, cpp_function(fget), fset, return_value_policy::reference, extra...);
-    }
-
-    /// Uses cpp_function's return_value_policy by default
-    template <typename... Extra>
-    class_ &def_property_static(const char *name, const cpp_function &fget, const cpp_function &fset, const Extra& ...extra) {
-        static_assert( 0 == detail::constexpr_sum(std::is_base_of<arg, Extra>::value...),
-                      "Argument annotations are not allowed for properties");
-        auto rec_fget = get_function_record(fget), rec_fset = get_function_record(fset);
-        auto *rec_active = rec_fget;
-        if (rec_fget) {
-           char *doc_prev = rec_fget->doc; /* 'extra' field may include a property-specific documentation string */
-           detail::process_attributes<Extra...>::init(extra..., rec_fget);
-           if (rec_fget->doc && rec_fget->doc != doc_prev) {
-              std::free(doc_prev);
-              rec_fget->doc = PYBIND11_COMPAT_STRDUP(rec_fget->doc);
-           }
-        }
-        if (rec_fset) {
-            char *doc_prev = rec_fset->doc;
-            detail::process_attributes<Extra...>::init(extra..., rec_fset);
-            if (rec_fset->doc && rec_fset->doc != doc_prev) {
-                std::free(doc_prev);
-                rec_fset->doc = PYBIND11_COMPAT_STRDUP(rec_fset->doc);
-            }
-            if (! rec_active) rec_active = rec_fset;
-        }
-        def_property_static_impl(name, fget, fset, rec_active);
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-private:
-    /// Initialize holder object, variant 1: object derives from enable_shared_from_this
-    template <typename T>
-    static void init_holder(detail::instance *inst, detail::value_and_holder &v_h,
-            const holder_type * /* unused */, const std::enable_shared_from_this<T> * /* dummy */) {
-
-        auto sh = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<typename holder_type::element_type>(
-                detail::try_get_shared_from_this(v_h.value_ptr<type>()));
-        if (sh) {
-            new (std::addressof(v_h.holder<holder_type>())) holder_type(std::move(sh));
-            v_h.set_holder_constructed();
-        }
-
-        if (!v_h.holder_constructed() && inst->owned) {
-            new (std::addressof(v_h.holder<holder_type>())) holder_type(v_h.value_ptr<type>());
-            v_h.set_holder_constructed();
-        }
-    }
-
-    static void init_holder_from_existing(const detail::value_and_holder &v_h,
-            const holder_type *holder_ptr, std::true_type /*is_copy_constructible*/) {
-        new (std::addressof(v_h.holder<holder_type>())) holder_type(*reinterpret_cast<const holder_type *>(holder_ptr));
-    }
-
-    static void init_holder_from_existing(const detail::value_and_holder &v_h,
-            const holder_type *holder_ptr, std::false_type /*is_copy_constructible*/) {
-        new (std::addressof(v_h.holder<holder_type>())) holder_type(std::move(*const_cast<holder_type *>(holder_ptr)));
-    }
-
-    /// Initialize holder object, variant 2: try to construct from existing holder object, if possible
-    static void init_holder(detail::instance *inst, detail::value_and_holder &v_h,
-            const holder_type *holder_ptr, const void * /* dummy -- not enable_shared_from_this<T>) */) {
-        if (holder_ptr) {
-            init_holder_from_existing(v_h, holder_ptr, std::is_copy_constructible<holder_type>());
-            v_h.set_holder_constructed();
-        } else if (inst->owned || detail::always_construct_holder<holder_type>::value) {
-            new (std::addressof(v_h.holder<holder_type>())) holder_type(v_h.value_ptr<type>());
-            v_h.set_holder_constructed();
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Performs instance initialization including constructing a holder and registering the known
-    /// instance.  Should be called as soon as the `type` value_ptr is set for an instance.  Takes an
-    /// optional pointer to an existing holder to use; if not specified and the instance is
-    /// `.owned`, a new holder will be constructed to manage the value pointer.
-    static void init_instance(detail::instance *inst, const void *holder_ptr) {
-        auto v_h = inst->get_value_and_holder(detail::get_type_info(typeid(type)));
-        if (!v_h.instance_registered()) {
-            register_instance(inst, v_h.value_ptr(), v_h.type);
-            v_h.set_instance_registered();
-        }
-        init_holder(inst, v_h, (const holder_type *) holder_ptr, v_h.value_ptr<type>());
-    }
-
-    /// Deallocates an instance; via holder, if constructed; otherwise via operator delete.
-    static void dealloc(detail::value_and_holder &v_h) {
-        // We could be deallocating because we are cleaning up after a Python exception.
-        // If so, the Python error indicator will be set. We need to clear that before
-        // running the destructor, in case the destructor code calls more Python.
-        // If we don't, the Python API will exit with an exception, and pybind11 will
-        // throw error_already_set from the C++ destructor which is forbidden and triggers
-        // std::terminate().
-        error_scope scope;
-        if (v_h.holder_constructed()) {
-            v_h.holder<holder_type>().~holder_type();
-            v_h.set_holder_constructed(false);
-        }
-        else {
-            detail::call_operator_delete(v_h.value_ptr<type>(),
-                v_h.type->type_size,
-                v_h.type->type_align
-            );
-        }
-        v_h.value_ptr() = nullptr;
-    }
-
-    static detail::function_record *get_function_record(handle h) {
-        h = detail::get_function(h);
-        return h ? (detail::function_record *) reinterpret_borrow<capsule>(PyCFunction_GET_SELF(h.ptr()))
-                 : nullptr;
-    }
-};
-
-/// Binds an existing constructor taking arguments Args...
-template <typename... Args> detail::initimpl::constructor<Args...> init() { return {}; }
-/// Like `init<Args...>()`, but the instance is always constructed through the alias class (even
-/// when not inheriting on the Python side).
-template <typename... Args> detail::initimpl::alias_constructor<Args...> init_alias() { return {}; }
-
-/// Binds a factory function as a constructor
-template <typename Func, typename Ret = detail::initimpl::factory<Func>>
-Ret init(Func &&f) { return {std::forward<Func>(f)}; }
-
-/// Dual-argument factory function: the first function is called when no alias is needed, the second
-/// when an alias is needed (i.e. due to python-side inheritance).  Arguments must be identical.
-template <typename CFunc, typename AFunc, typename Ret = detail::initimpl::factory<CFunc, AFunc>>
-Ret init(CFunc &&c, AFunc &&a) {
-    return {std::forward<CFunc>(c), std::forward<AFunc>(a)};
-}
-
-/// Binds pickling functions `__getstate__` and `__setstate__` and ensures that the type
-/// returned by `__getstate__` is the same as the argument accepted by `__setstate__`.
-template <typename GetState, typename SetState>
-detail::initimpl::pickle_factory<GetState, SetState> pickle(GetState &&g, SetState &&s) {
-    return {std::forward<GetState>(g), std::forward<SetState>(s)};
-}
-
-PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
-
-inline str enum_name(handle arg) {
-    dict entries = arg.get_type().attr("__entries");
-    for (auto kv : entries) {
-        if (handle(kv.second[int_(0)]).equal(arg))
-            return pybind11::str(kv.first);
-    }
-    return "???";
-}
-
-struct enum_base {
-    enum_base(const handle &base, const handle &parent) : m_base(base), m_parent(parent) { }
-
-    PYBIND11_NOINLINE void init(bool is_arithmetic, bool is_convertible) {
-        m_base.attr("__entries") = dict();
-        auto property = handle((PyObject *) &PyProperty_Type);
-        auto static_property = handle((PyObject *) get_internals().static_property_type);
-
-        m_base.attr("__repr__") = cpp_function(
-            [](const object &arg) -> str {
-                handle type = type::handle_of(arg);
-                object type_name = type.attr("__name__");
-                return pybind11::str("<{}.{}: {}>").format(type_name, enum_name(arg), int_(arg));
-            },
-            name("__repr__"),
-            is_method(m_base));
-
-        m_base.attr("name") = property(cpp_function(&enum_name, name("name"), is_method(m_base)));
-
-        m_base.attr("__str__") = cpp_function(
-            [](handle arg) -> str {
-                object type_name = type::handle_of(arg).attr("__name__");
-                return pybind11::str("{}.{}").format(type_name, enum_name(arg));
-            }, name("name"), is_method(m_base)
-        );
-
-        m_base.attr("__doc__") = static_property(cpp_function(
-            [](handle arg) -> std::string {
-                std::string docstring;
-                dict entries = arg.attr("__entries");
-                if (((PyTypeObject *) arg.ptr())->tp_doc)
-                    docstring += std::string(((PyTypeObject *) arg.ptr())->tp_doc) + "\n\n";
-                docstring += "Members:";
-                for (auto kv : entries) {
-                    auto key = std::string(pybind11::str(kv.first));
-                    auto comment = kv.second[int_(1)];
-                    docstring += "\n\n  " + key;
-                    if (!comment.is_none())
-                        docstring += " : " + (std::string) pybind11::str(comment);
-                }
-                return docstring;
-            }, name("__doc__")
-        ), none(), none(), "");
-
-        m_base.attr("__members__") = static_property(cpp_function(
-            [](handle arg) -> dict {
-                dict entries = arg.attr("__entries"), m;
-                for (auto kv : entries)
-                    m[kv.first] = kv.second[int_(0)];
-                return m;
-            }, name("__members__")), none(), none(), ""
-        );
-
-#define PYBIND11_ENUM_OP_STRICT(op, expr, strict_behavior)                                        \
-    m_base.attr(op) = cpp_function(                                                               \
-        [](const object &a, const object &b) {                                                    \
-            if (!type::handle_of(a).is(type::handle_of(b)))                                       \
-                strict_behavior; /* NOLINT(bugprone-macro-parentheses) */                         \
-            return expr;                                                                          \
-        },                                                                                        \
-        name(op),                                                                                 \
-        is_method(m_base),                                                                        \
-        arg("other"))
-
-#define PYBIND11_ENUM_OP_CONV(op, expr)                                                           \
-    m_base.attr(op) = cpp_function(                                                               \
-        [](const object &a_, const object &b_) {                                                  \
-            int_ a(a_), b(b_);                                                                    \
-            return expr;                                                                          \
-        },                                                                                        \
-        name(op),                                                                                 \
-        is_method(m_base),                                                                        \
-        arg("other"))
-
-#define PYBIND11_ENUM_OP_CONV_LHS(op, expr)                                                       \
-    m_base.attr(op) = cpp_function(                                                               \
-        [](const object &a_, const object &b) {                                                   \
-            int_ a(a_);                                                                           \
-            return expr;                                                                          \
-        },                                                                                        \
-        name(op),                                                                                 \
-        is_method(m_base),                                                                        \
-        arg("other"))
-
-        if (is_convertible) {
-            PYBIND11_ENUM_OP_CONV_LHS("__eq__", !b.is_none() &&  a.equal(b));
-            PYBIND11_ENUM_OP_CONV_LHS("__ne__",  b.is_none() || !a.equal(b));
-
-            if (is_arithmetic) {
-                PYBIND11_ENUM_OP_CONV("__lt__",   a <  b);
-                PYBIND11_ENUM_OP_CONV("__gt__",   a >  b);
-                PYBIND11_ENUM_OP_CONV("__le__",   a <= b);
-                PYBIND11_ENUM_OP_CONV("__ge__",   a >= b);
-                PYBIND11_ENUM_OP_CONV("__and__",  a &  b);
-                PYBIND11_ENUM_OP_CONV("__rand__", a &  b);
-                PYBIND11_ENUM_OP_CONV("__or__",   a |  b);
-                PYBIND11_ENUM_OP_CONV("__ror__",  a |  b);
-                PYBIND11_ENUM_OP_CONV("__xor__",  a ^  b);
-                PYBIND11_ENUM_OP_CONV("__rxor__", a ^  b);
-                m_base.attr("__invert__")
-                    = cpp_function([](const object &arg) { return ~(int_(arg)); },
-                                   name("__invert__"),
-                                   is_method(m_base));
-            }
-        } else {
-            PYBIND11_ENUM_OP_STRICT("__eq__",  int_(a).equal(int_(b)), return false);
-            PYBIND11_ENUM_OP_STRICT("__ne__", !int_(a).equal(int_(b)), return true);
-
-            if (is_arithmetic) {
-                #define PYBIND11_THROW throw type_error("Expected an enumeration of matching type!");
-                PYBIND11_ENUM_OP_STRICT("__lt__", int_(a) <  int_(b), PYBIND11_THROW);
-                PYBIND11_ENUM_OP_STRICT("__gt__", int_(a) >  int_(b), PYBIND11_THROW);
-                PYBIND11_ENUM_OP_STRICT("__le__", int_(a) <= int_(b), PYBIND11_THROW);
-                PYBIND11_ENUM_OP_STRICT("__ge__", int_(a) >= int_(b), PYBIND11_THROW);
-                #undef PYBIND11_THROW
-            }
-        }
-
-        #undef PYBIND11_ENUM_OP_CONV_LHS
-        #undef PYBIND11_ENUM_OP_CONV
-        #undef PYBIND11_ENUM_OP_STRICT
-
-        m_base.attr("__getstate__") = cpp_function(
-            [](const object &arg) { return int_(arg); }, name("__getstate__"), is_method(m_base));
-
-        m_base.attr("__hash__") = cpp_function(
-            [](const object &arg) { return int_(arg); }, name("__hash__"), is_method(m_base));
-    }
-
-    PYBIND11_NOINLINE void value(char const* name_, object value, const char *doc = nullptr) {
-        dict entries = m_base.attr("__entries");
-        str name(name_);
-        if (entries.contains(name)) {
-            std::string type_name = (std::string) str(m_base.attr("__name__"));
-            throw value_error(type_name + ": element \"" + std::string(name_) + "\" already exists!");
-        }
-
-        entries[name] = std::make_pair(value, doc);
-        m_base.attr(name) = value;
-    }
-
-    PYBIND11_NOINLINE void export_values() {
-        dict entries = m_base.attr("__entries");
-        for (auto kv : entries)
-            m_parent.attr(kv.first) = kv.second[int_(0)];
-    }
-
-    handle m_base;
-    handle m_parent;
-};
-
-template <bool is_signed, size_t length> struct equivalent_integer {};
-template <> struct equivalent_integer<true,  1> { using type = int8_t;   };
-template <> struct equivalent_integer<false, 1> { using type = uint8_t;  };
-template <> struct equivalent_integer<true,  2> { using type = int16_t;  };
-template <> struct equivalent_integer<false, 2> { using type = uint16_t; };
-template <> struct equivalent_integer<true,  4> { using type = int32_t;  };
-template <> struct equivalent_integer<false, 4> { using type = uint32_t; };
-template <> struct equivalent_integer<true,  8> { using type = int64_t;  };
-template <> struct equivalent_integer<false, 8> { using type = uint64_t; };
-
-template <typename IntLike>
-using equivalent_integer_t = typename equivalent_integer<std::is_signed<IntLike>::value, sizeof(IntLike)>::type;
-
-PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
-
-/// Binds C++ enumerations and enumeration classes to Python
-template <typename Type> class enum_ : public class_<Type> {
-public:
-    using Base = class_<Type>;
-    using Base::def;
-    using Base::attr;
-    using Base::def_property_readonly;
-    using Base::def_property_readonly_static;
-    using Underlying = typename std::underlying_type<Type>::type;
-    // Scalar is the integer representation of underlying type
-    using Scalar = detail::conditional_t<detail::any_of<
-        detail::is_std_char_type<Underlying>, std::is_same<Underlying, bool>
-    >::value, detail::equivalent_integer_t<Underlying>, Underlying>;
-
-    template <typename... Extra>
-    enum_(const handle &scope, const char *name, const Extra&... extra)
-      : class_<Type>(scope, name, extra...), m_base(*this, scope) {
-        constexpr bool is_arithmetic = detail::any_of<std::is_same<arithmetic, Extra>...>::value;
-        constexpr bool is_convertible = std::is_convertible<Type, Underlying>::value;
-        m_base.init(is_arithmetic, is_convertible);
-
-        def(init([](Scalar i) { return static_cast<Type>(i); }), arg("value"));
-        def_property_readonly("value", [](Type value) { return (Scalar) value; });
-        def("__int__", [](Type value) { return (Scalar) value; });
-        #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
-            def("__long__", [](Type value) { return (Scalar) value; });
-        #endif
-        #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION > 3 || (PY_MAJOR_VERSION == 3 && PY_MINOR_VERSION >= 8)
-            def("__index__", [](Type value) { return (Scalar) value; });
-        #endif
-
-        attr("__setstate__") = cpp_function(
-            [](detail::value_and_holder &v_h, Scalar arg) {
-                detail::initimpl::setstate<Base>(v_h, static_cast<Type>(arg),
-                        Py_TYPE(v_h.inst) != v_h.type->type); },
-            detail::is_new_style_constructor(),
-            pybind11::name("__setstate__"), is_method(*this), arg("state"));
-    }
-
-    /// Export enumeration entries into the parent scope
-    enum_& export_values() {
-        m_base.export_values();
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    /// Add an enumeration entry
-    enum_& value(char const* name, Type value, const char *doc = nullptr) {
-        m_base.value(name, pybind11::cast(value, return_value_policy::copy), doc);
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-private:
-    detail::enum_base m_base;
-};
-
-PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
-
-
-PYBIND11_NOINLINE void keep_alive_impl(handle nurse, handle patient) {
-    if (!nurse || !patient)
-        pybind11_fail("Could not activate keep_alive!");
-
-    if (patient.is_none() || nurse.is_none())
-        return; /* Nothing to keep alive or nothing to be kept alive by */
-
-    auto tinfo = all_type_info(Py_TYPE(nurse.ptr()));
-    if (!tinfo.empty()) {
-        /* It's a pybind-registered type, so we can store the patient in the
-         * internal list. */
-        add_patient(nurse.ptr(), patient.ptr());
-    }
-    else {
-        /* Fall back to clever approach based on weak references taken from
-         * Boost.Python. This is not used for pybind-registered types because
-         * the objects can be destroyed out-of-order in a GC pass. */
-        cpp_function disable_lifesupport(
-            [patient](handle weakref) { patient.dec_ref(); weakref.dec_ref(); });
-
-        weakref wr(nurse, disable_lifesupport);
-
-        patient.inc_ref(); /* reference patient and leak the weak reference */
-        (void) wr.release();
-    }
-}
-
-PYBIND11_NOINLINE void keep_alive_impl(size_t Nurse, size_t Patient, function_call &call, handle ret) {
-    auto get_arg = [&](size_t n) {
-        if (n == 0)
-            return ret;
-        if (n == 1 && call.init_self)
-            return call.init_self;
-        if (n <= call.args.size())
-            return call.args[n - 1];
-        return handle();
-    };
-
-    keep_alive_impl(get_arg(Nurse), get_arg(Patient));
-}
-
-inline std::pair<decltype(internals::registered_types_py)::iterator, bool> all_type_info_get_cache(PyTypeObject *type) {
-    auto res = get_internals().registered_types_py
-#ifdef __cpp_lib_unordered_map_try_emplace
-        .try_emplace(type);
-#else
-        .emplace(type, std::vector<detail::type_info *>());
-#endif
-    if (res.second) {
-        // New cache entry created; set up a weak reference to automatically remove it if the type
-        // gets destroyed:
-        weakref((PyObject *) type, cpp_function([type](handle wr) {
-            get_internals().registered_types_py.erase(type);
-            wr.dec_ref();
-        })).release();
-    }
-
-    return res;
-}
-
-/* There are a large number of apparently unused template arguments because
- * each combination requires a separate py::class_ registration.
- */
-template <typename Access, return_value_policy Policy, typename Iterator, typename Sentinel, typename ValueType, typename... Extra>
-struct iterator_state {
-    Iterator it;
-    Sentinel end;
-    bool first_or_done;
-};
-
-// Note: these helpers take the iterator by non-const reference because some
-// iterators in the wild can't be dereferenced when const. The & after Iterator
-// is required for MSVC < 16.9. SFINAE cannot be reused for result_type due to
-// bugs in ICC, NVCC, and PGI compilers. See PR #3293.
-template <typename Iterator, typename SFINAE = decltype(*std::declval<Iterator &>())>
-struct iterator_access {
-    using result_type = decltype(*std::declval<Iterator &>());
-    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-const-return-type) // PR #3263
-    result_type operator()(Iterator &it) const {
-        return *it;
-    }
-};
-
-template <typename Iterator, typename SFINAE = decltype((*std::declval<Iterator &>()).first) >
-class iterator_key_access {
-private:
-    using pair_type = decltype(*std::declval<Iterator &>());
-
-public:
-    /* If either the pair itself or the element of the pair is a reference, we
-     * want to return a reference, otherwise a value. When the decltype
-     * expression is parenthesized it is based on the value category of the
-     * expression; otherwise it is the declared type of the pair member.
-     * The use of declval<pair_type> in the second branch rather than directly
-     * using *std::declval<Iterator &>() is a workaround for nvcc
-     * (it's not used in the first branch because going via decltype and back
-     * through declval does not perfectly preserve references).
-     */
-    using result_type = conditional_t<
-        std::is_reference<decltype(*std::declval<Iterator &>())>::value,
-        decltype(((*std::declval<Iterator &>()).first)),
-        decltype(std::declval<pair_type>().first)
-    >;
-    result_type operator()(Iterator &it) const {
-        return (*it).first;
-    }
-};
-
-template <typename Iterator, typename SFINAE = decltype((*std::declval<Iterator &>()).second)>
-class iterator_value_access {
-private:
-    using pair_type = decltype(*std::declval<Iterator &>());
-
-public:
-    using result_type = conditional_t<
-        std::is_reference<decltype(*std::declval<Iterator &>())>::value,
-        decltype(((*std::declval<Iterator &>()).second)),
-        decltype(std::declval<pair_type>().second)
-    >;
-    result_type operator()(Iterator &it) const {
-        return (*it).second;
-    }
-};
-
-template <typename Access,
-          return_value_policy Policy,
-          typename Iterator,
-          typename Sentinel,
-          typename ValueType,
-          typename... Extra>
-iterator make_iterator_impl(Iterator first, Sentinel last, Extra &&... extra) {
-    using state = detail::iterator_state<Access, Policy, Iterator, Sentinel, ValueType, Extra...>;
-    // TODO: state captures only the types of Extra, not the values
-
-    if (!detail::get_type_info(typeid(state), false)) {
-        class_<state>(handle(), "iterator", pybind11::module_local())
-            .def("__iter__", [](state &s) -> state& { return s; })
-            .def("__next__", [](state &s) -> ValueType {
-                if (!s.first_or_done)
-                    ++s.it;
-                else
-                    s.first_or_done = false;
-                if (s.it == s.end) {
-                    s.first_or_done = true;
-                    throw stop_iteration();
-                }
-                return Access()(s.it);
-            // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-const-return-type) // PR #3263
-            }, std::forward<Extra>(extra)..., Policy);
-    }
-
-    return cast(state{first, last, true});
-}
-
-PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
-
-/// Makes a python iterator from a first and past-the-end C++ InputIterator.
-template <return_value_policy Policy = return_value_policy::reference_internal,
-          typename Iterator,
-          typename Sentinel,
-          typename ValueType = typename detail::iterator_access<Iterator>::result_type,
-          typename... Extra>
-iterator make_iterator(Iterator first, Sentinel last, Extra &&... extra) {
-    return detail::make_iterator_impl<
-        detail::iterator_access<Iterator>,
-        Policy,
-        Iterator,
-        Sentinel,
-        ValueType,
-        Extra...>(first, last, std::forward<Extra>(extra)...);
-}
-
-/// Makes a python iterator over the keys (`.first`) of a iterator over pairs from a
-/// first and past-the-end InputIterator.
-template <return_value_policy Policy = return_value_policy::reference_internal,
-          typename Iterator,
-          typename Sentinel,
-          typename KeyType = typename detail::iterator_key_access<Iterator>::result_type,
-          typename... Extra>
-iterator make_key_iterator(Iterator first, Sentinel last, Extra &&...extra) {
-    return detail::make_iterator_impl<
-        detail::iterator_key_access<Iterator>,
-        Policy,
-        Iterator,
-        Sentinel,
-        KeyType,
-        Extra...>(first, last, std::forward<Extra>(extra)...);
-}
-
-/// Makes a python iterator over the values (`.second`) of a iterator over pairs from a
-/// first and past-the-end InputIterator.
-template <return_value_policy Policy = return_value_policy::reference_internal,
-          typename Iterator,
-          typename Sentinel,
-          typename ValueType = typename detail::iterator_value_access<Iterator>::result_type,
-          typename... Extra>
-iterator make_value_iterator(Iterator first, Sentinel last, Extra &&...extra) {
-    return detail::make_iterator_impl<
-        detail::iterator_value_access<Iterator>,
-        Policy, Iterator,
-        Sentinel,
-        ValueType,
-        Extra...>(first, last, std::forward<Extra>(extra)...);
-}
-
-/// Makes an iterator over values of an stl container or other container supporting
-/// `std::begin()`/`std::end()`
-template <return_value_policy Policy = return_value_policy::reference_internal,
-          typename Type, typename... Extra> iterator make_iterator(Type &value, Extra&&... extra) {
-    return make_iterator<Policy>(std::begin(value), std::end(value), extra...);
-}
-
-/// Makes an iterator over the keys (`.first`) of a stl map-like container supporting
-/// `std::begin()`/`std::end()`
-template <return_value_policy Policy = return_value_policy::reference_internal,
-          typename Type, typename... Extra> iterator make_key_iterator(Type &value, Extra&&... extra) {
-    return make_key_iterator<Policy>(std::begin(value), std::end(value), extra...);
-}
-
-/// Makes an iterator over the values (`.second`) of a stl map-like container supporting
-/// `std::begin()`/`std::end()`
-template <return_value_policy Policy = return_value_policy::reference_internal,
-          typename Type, typename... Extra> iterator make_value_iterator(Type &value, Extra&&... extra) {
-    return make_value_iterator<Policy>(std::begin(value), std::end(value), extra...);
-}
-
-template <typename InputType, typename OutputType> void implicitly_convertible() {
-    struct set_flag {
-        bool &flag;
-        explicit set_flag(bool &flag_) : flag(flag_) { flag_ = true; }
-        ~set_flag() { flag = false; }
-    };
-    auto implicit_caster = [](PyObject *obj, PyTypeObject *type) -> PyObject * {
-        static bool currently_used = false;
-        if (currently_used) // implicit conversions are non-reentrant
-            return nullptr;
-        set_flag flag_helper(currently_used);
-        if (!detail::make_caster<InputType>().load(obj, false))
-            return nullptr;
-        tuple args(1);
-        args[0] = obj;
-        PyObject *result = PyObject_Call((PyObject *) type, args.ptr(), nullptr);
-        if (result == nullptr)
-            PyErr_Clear();
-        return result;
-    };
-
-    if (auto tinfo = detail::get_type_info(typeid(OutputType)))
-        tinfo->implicit_conversions.push_back(implicit_caster);
-    else
-        pybind11_fail("implicitly_convertible: Unable to find type " + type_id<OutputType>());
-}
-
-
-inline void register_exception_translator(ExceptionTranslator &&translator) {
-    detail::get_internals().registered_exception_translators.push_front(
-        std::forward<ExceptionTranslator>(translator));
-}
-
-
-/**
-  * Add a new module-local exception translator. Locally registered functions
-  * will be tried before any globally registered exception translators, which
-  * will only be invoked if the module-local handlers do not deal with
-  * the exception.
-  */
-inline void register_local_exception_translator(ExceptionTranslator &&translator) {
-    detail::get_local_internals().registered_exception_translators.push_front(
-        std::forward<ExceptionTranslator>(translator));
-}
-
-/**
- * Wrapper to generate a new Python exception type.
- *
- * This should only be used with PyErr_SetString for now.
- * It is not (yet) possible to use as a py::base.
- * Template type argument is reserved for future use.
- */
-template <typename type>
-class exception : public object {
-public:
-    exception() = default;
-    exception(handle scope, const char *name, handle base = PyExc_Exception) {
-        std::string full_name = scope.attr("__name__").cast<std::string>() +
-                                std::string(".") + name;
-        m_ptr = PyErr_NewException(const_cast<char *>(full_name.c_str()), base.ptr(), NULL);
-        if (hasattr(scope, "__dict__") && scope.attr("__dict__").contains(name))
-            pybind11_fail("Error during initialization: multiple incompatible "
-                          "definitions with name \"" + std::string(name) + "\"");
-        scope.attr(name) = *this;
-    }
-
-    // Sets the current python exception to this exception object with the given message
-    void operator()(const char *message) {
-        PyErr_SetString(m_ptr, message);
-    }
-};
-
-PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
-// Returns a reference to a function-local static exception object used in the simple
-// register_exception approach below.  (It would be simpler to have the static local variable
-// directly in register_exception, but that makes clang <3.5 segfault - issue #1349).
-template <typename CppException>
-exception<CppException> &get_exception_object() { static exception<CppException> ex; return ex; }
-
-// Helper function for register_exception and register_local_exception
-template <typename CppException>
-exception<CppException> &register_exception_impl(handle scope,
-                                                const char *name,
-                                                handle base,
-                                                bool isLocal) {
-    auto &ex = detail::get_exception_object<CppException>();
-    if (!ex) ex = exception<CppException>(scope, name, base);
-
-    auto register_func = isLocal ? &register_local_exception_translator
-                                 : &register_exception_translator;
-
-    register_func([](std::exception_ptr p) {
-        if (!p) return;
-        try {
-            std::rethrow_exception(p);
-        } catch (const CppException &e) {
-            detail::get_exception_object<CppException>()(e.what());
-        }
-    });
-    return ex;
-}
-
-PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
-
-/**
- * Registers a Python exception in `m` of the given `name` and installs a translator to
- * translate the C++ exception to the created Python exception using the what() method.
- * This is intended for simple exception translations; for more complex translation, register the
- * exception object and translator directly.
- */
-template <typename CppException>
-exception<CppException> &register_exception(handle scope,
-                                            const char *name,
-                                            handle base = PyExc_Exception) {
-    return detail::register_exception_impl<CppException>(scope, name, base, false /* isLocal */);
-}
-
-/**
- * Registers a Python exception in `m` of the given `name` and installs a translator to
- * translate the C++ exception to the created Python exception using the what() method.
- * This translator will only be used for exceptions that are thrown in this module and will be
- * tried before global exception translators, including those registered with register_exception.
- * This is intended for simple exception translations; for more complex translation, register the
- * exception object and translator directly.
- */
-template <typename CppException>
-exception<CppException> &register_local_exception(handle scope,
-                                                  const char *name,
-                                                  handle base = PyExc_Exception) {
-    return detail::register_exception_impl<CppException>(scope, name, base, true /* isLocal */);
-}
-
-PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
-PYBIND11_NOINLINE void print(const tuple &args, const dict &kwargs) {
-    auto strings = tuple(args.size());
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < args.size(); ++i) {
-        strings[i] = str(args[i]);
-    }
-    auto sep = kwargs.contains("sep") ? kwargs["sep"] : cast(" ");
-    auto line = sep.attr("join")(strings);
-
-    object file;
-    if (kwargs.contains("file")) {
-        file = kwargs["file"].cast<object>();
-    } else {
-        try {
-            file = module_::import("sys").attr("stdout");
-        } catch (const error_already_set &) {
-            /* If print() is called from code that is executed as
-               part of garbage collection during interpreter shutdown,
-               importing 'sys' can fail. Give up rather than crashing the
-               interpreter in this case. */
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-
-    auto write = file.attr("write");
-    write(line);
-    write(kwargs.contains("end") ? kwargs["end"] : cast("\n"));
-
-    if (kwargs.contains("flush") && kwargs["flush"].cast<bool>())
-        file.attr("flush")();
-}
-PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
-
-template <return_value_policy policy = return_value_policy::automatic_reference, typename... Args>
-void print(Args &&...args) {
-    auto c = detail::collect_arguments<policy>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-    detail::print(c.args(), c.kwargs());
-}
-
-error_already_set::~error_already_set() {
-    if (m_type) {
-        gil_scoped_acquire gil;
-        error_scope scope;
-        m_type.release().dec_ref();
-        m_value.release().dec_ref();
-        m_trace.release().dec_ref();
-    }
-}
-
-PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
-inline function get_type_override(const void *this_ptr, const type_info *this_type, const char *name)  {
-    handle self = get_object_handle(this_ptr, this_type);
-    if (!self)
-        return function();
-    handle type = type::handle_of(self);
-    auto key = std::make_pair(type.ptr(), name);
-
-    /* Cache functions that aren't overridden in Python to avoid
-       many costly Python dictionary lookups below */
-    auto &cache = get_internals().inactive_override_cache;
-    if (cache.find(key) != cache.end())
-        return function();
-
-    function override = getattr(self, name, function());
-    if (override.is_cpp_function()) {
-        cache.insert(key);
-        return function();
-    }
-
-    /* Don't call dispatch code if invoked from overridden function.
-       Unfortunately this doesn't work on PyPy. */
-#if !defined(PYPY_VERSION)
-    PyFrameObject *frame = PyThreadState_Get()->frame;
-    if (frame != nullptr && (std::string) str(frame->f_code->co_name) == name
-        && frame->f_code->co_argcount > 0) {
-        PyFrame_FastToLocals(frame);
-        PyObject *self_caller = dict_getitem(
-            frame->f_locals, PyTuple_GET_ITEM(frame->f_code->co_varnames, 0));
-        if (self_caller == self.ptr())
-            return function();
-    }
-#else
-    /* PyPy currently doesn't provide a detailed cpyext emulation of
-       frame objects, so we have to emulate this using Python. This
-       is going to be slow..*/
-    dict d; d["self"] = self; d["name"] = pybind11::str(name);
-    PyObject *result = PyRun_String(
-        "import inspect\n"
-        "frame = inspect.currentframe()\n"
-        "if frame is not None:\n"
-        "    frame = frame.f_back\n"
-        "    if frame is not None and str(frame.f_code.co_name) == name and "
-        "frame.f_code.co_argcount > 0:\n"
-        "        self_caller = frame.f_locals[frame.f_code.co_varnames[0]]\n"
-        "        if self_caller == self:\n"
-        "            self = None\n",
-        Py_file_input, d.ptr(), d.ptr());
-    if (result == nullptr)
-        throw error_already_set();
-    if (d["self"].is_none())
-        return function();
-    Py_DECREF(result);
-#endif
-
-    return override;
-}
-PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
-
-/** \rst
-  Try to retrieve a python method by the provided name from the instance pointed to by the this_ptr.
-
-  :this_ptr: The pointer to the object the overridden method should be retrieved for. This should be
-             the first non-trampoline class encountered in the inheritance chain.
-  :name: The name of the overridden Python method to retrieve.
-  :return: The Python method by this name from the object or an empty function wrapper.
- \endrst */
-template <class T> function get_override(const T *this_ptr, const char *name) {
-    auto tinfo = detail::get_type_info(typeid(T));
-    return tinfo ? detail::get_type_override(this_ptr, tinfo, name) : function();
-}
-
-#define PYBIND11_OVERRIDE_IMPL(ret_type, cname, name, ...)                                        \
-    do {                                                                                          \
-        pybind11::gil_scoped_acquire gil;                                                         \
-        pybind11::function override                                                               \
-            = pybind11::get_override(static_cast<const cname *>(this), name);                     \
-        if (override) {                                                                           \
-            auto o = override(__VA_ARGS__);                                                       \
-            if (pybind11::detail::cast_is_temporary_value_reference<ret_type>::value) {           \
-                static pybind11::detail::override_caster_t<ret_type> caster;                      \
-                return pybind11::detail::cast_ref<ret_type>(std::move(o), caster);                \
-            }                                                                                     \
-            return pybind11::detail::cast_safe<ret_type>(std::move(o));                           \
-        }                                                                                         \
-    } while (false)
-
-/** \rst
-    Macro to populate the virtual method in the trampoline class. This macro tries to look up a method named 'fn'
-    from the Python side, deals with the :ref:`gil` and necessary argument conversions to call this method and return
-    the appropriate type. See :ref:`overriding_virtuals` for more information. This macro should be used when the method
-    name in C is not the same as the method name in Python. For example with `__str__`.
-
-    .. code-block:: cpp
-
-      std::string toString() override {
-        PYBIND11_OVERRIDE_NAME(
-            std::string, // Return type (ret_type)
-            Animal,      // Parent class (cname)
-            "__str__",   // Name of method in Python (name)
-            toString,    // Name of function in C++ (fn)
-        );
-      }
-\endrst */
-#define PYBIND11_OVERRIDE_NAME(ret_type, cname, name, fn, ...) \
-    do { \
-        PYBIND11_OVERRIDE_IMPL(PYBIND11_TYPE(ret_type), PYBIND11_TYPE(cname), name, __VA_ARGS__); \
-        return cname::fn(__VA_ARGS__); \
-    } while (false)
-
-/** \rst
-    Macro for pure virtual functions, this function is identical to :c:macro:`PYBIND11_OVERRIDE_NAME`, except that it
-    throws if no override can be found.
-\endrst */
-#define PYBIND11_OVERRIDE_PURE_NAME(ret_type, cname, name, fn, ...) \
-    do { \
-        PYBIND11_OVERRIDE_IMPL(PYBIND11_TYPE(ret_type), PYBIND11_TYPE(cname), name, __VA_ARGS__); \
-        pybind11::pybind11_fail("Tried to call pure virtual function \"" PYBIND11_STRINGIFY(cname) "::" name "\""); \
-    } while (false)
-
-/** \rst
-    Macro to populate the virtual method in the trampoline class. This macro tries to look up the method
-    from the Python side, deals with the :ref:`gil` and necessary argument conversions to call this method and return
-    the appropriate type. This macro should be used if the method name in C and in Python are identical.
-    See :ref:`overriding_virtuals` for more information.
-
-    .. code-block:: cpp
-
-      class PyAnimal : public Animal {
-      public:
-          // Inherit the constructors
-          using Animal::Animal;
-
-          // Trampoline (need one for each virtual function)
-          std::string go(int n_times) override {
-              PYBIND11_OVERRIDE_PURE(
-                  std::string, // Return type (ret_type)
-                  Animal,      // Parent class (cname)
-                  go,          // Name of function in C++ (must match Python name) (fn)
-                  n_times      // Argument(s) (...)
-              );
-          }
-      };
-\endrst */
-#define PYBIND11_OVERRIDE(ret_type, cname, fn, ...) \
-    PYBIND11_OVERRIDE_NAME(PYBIND11_TYPE(ret_type), PYBIND11_TYPE(cname), #fn, fn, __VA_ARGS__)
-
-/** \rst
-    Macro for pure virtual functions, this function is identical to :c:macro:`PYBIND11_OVERRIDE`, except that it throws
-    if no override can be found.
-\endrst */
-#define PYBIND11_OVERRIDE_PURE(ret_type, cname, fn, ...) \
-    PYBIND11_OVERRIDE_PURE_NAME(PYBIND11_TYPE(ret_type), PYBIND11_TYPE(cname), #fn, fn, __VA_ARGS__)
-
-
-// Deprecated versions
-
-PYBIND11_DEPRECATED("get_type_overload has been deprecated")
-inline function get_type_overload(const void *this_ptr, const detail::type_info *this_type, const char *name) {
-    return detail::get_type_override(this_ptr, this_type, name);
-}
-
-template <class T>
-inline function get_overload(const T *this_ptr, const char *name) {
-    return get_override(this_ptr, name);
-}
-
-#define PYBIND11_OVERLOAD_INT(ret_type, cname, name, ...) \
-    PYBIND11_OVERRIDE_IMPL(PYBIND11_TYPE(ret_type), PYBIND11_TYPE(cname), name, __VA_ARGS__)
-#define PYBIND11_OVERLOAD_NAME(ret_type, cname, name, fn, ...) \
-    PYBIND11_OVERRIDE_NAME(PYBIND11_TYPE(ret_type), PYBIND11_TYPE(cname), name, fn, __VA_ARGS__)
-#define PYBIND11_OVERLOAD_PURE_NAME(ret_type, cname, name, fn, ...) \
-    PYBIND11_OVERRIDE_PURE_NAME(PYBIND11_TYPE(ret_type), PYBIND11_TYPE(cname), name, fn, __VA_ARGS__);
-#define PYBIND11_OVERLOAD(ret_type, cname, fn, ...) \
-    PYBIND11_OVERRIDE(PYBIND11_TYPE(ret_type), PYBIND11_TYPE(cname), fn, __VA_ARGS__)
-#define PYBIND11_OVERLOAD_PURE(ret_type, cname, fn, ...) \
-    PYBIND11_OVERRIDE_PURE(PYBIND11_TYPE(ret_type), PYBIND11_TYPE(cname), fn, __VA_ARGS__);
-
-PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
-
-#if defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ == 7
-#    pragma GCC diagnostic pop // -Wnoexcept-type
-#endif