warp-lang 1.0.0b2__py3-none-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl → 1.0.0b6__py3-none-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl

warp/fem/space/tetmesh_function_space.py

@@ -1,220 +1,89 @@
 import warp as wp
-import numpy as np
 
-
-from warp.fem.types import ElementIndex, Coords, OUTSIDE, vec2i, vec3i, vec4i
+from warp.fem.types import ElementIndex, Coords
 from warp.fem.geometry import Tetmesh
+from warp.fem import cache
 
-from .dof_mapper import DofMapper
-from .nodal_function_space import NodalFunctionSpace, NodalFunctionSpaceTrace
-
+from .topology import SpaceTopology, DiscontinuousSpaceTopologyMixin, forward_base_topology
+from .basis_space import ShapeBasisSpace, TraceBasisSpace
 
-class TetmeshFunctionSpace(NodalFunctionSpace):
-    DIMENSION = wp.constant(3)
+from .shape import ShapeFunction, ConstantShapeFunction
+from .shape import TetrahedronPolynomialShapeFunctions, TetrahedronNonConformingPolynomialShapeFunctions
 
-    @wp.struct
-    class SpaceArg:
-        geo_arg: Tetmesh.SideArg
 
-        reference_transforms: wp.array(dtype=wp.mat33f)
-        tet_edge_indices: wp.array2d(dtype=int)
-        tet_face_indices: wp.array2d(dtype=int)
+@wp.struct
+class TetmeshTopologyArg:
+    tet_edge_indices: wp.array2d(dtype=int)
+    tet_face_indices: wp.array2d(dtype=int)
+    face_vertex_indices: wp.array(dtype=wp.vec3i)
 
-        vertex_count: int
-        edge_count: int
-        face_count: int
+    vertex_count: int
+    edge_count: int
+    face_count: int
 
-    def __init__(self, mesh: Tetmesh, dtype: type = float, dof_mapper: DofMapper = None):
-        super().__init__(dtype, dof_mapper)
-        self._mesh = mesh
 
-        self._reference_transforms: wp.array = None
-        self._tet_face_indices: wp.array = None
+class TetmeshSpaceTopology(SpaceTopology):
+    TopologyArg = TetmeshTopologyArg
 
-        self._compute_reference_transforms()
-        self._compute_tet_face_indices()
-        self._compute_tet_edge_indices()
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        mesh: Tetmesh,
+        shape: ShapeFunction,
+        need_tet_edge_indices: bool = True,
+        need_tet_face_indices: bool = True,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(mesh, shape.NODES_PER_ELEMENT)
+        self._mesh = mesh
+        self._shape = shape
 
-    @property
-    def geometry(self) -> Tetmesh:
-        return self._mesh
+        if need_tet_edge_indices:
+            self._tet_edge_indices = self._mesh.tet_edge_indices
+            self._edge_count = self._mesh.edge_count()
+        else:
+            self._tet_edge_indices = wp.empty(shape=(0, 0), dtype=int)
+            self._edge_count = 0
 
-    def edge_count(self):
-        return self._edge_vertex_indices.shape[0]
+        if need_tet_face_indices:
+            self._compute_tet_face_indices()
+        else:
+            self._tet_face_indices = wp.empty(shape=(0, 0), dtype=int)
 
-    def space_arg_value(self, device):
-        arg = self.SpaceArg()
-        arg.geo_arg = self.geometry.side_arg_value(device)
-        arg.reference_transforms = self._reference_transforms.to(device)
+    @cache.cached_arg_value
+    def topo_arg_value(self, device):
+        arg = TetmeshTopologyArg()
         arg.tet_face_indices = self._tet_face_indices.to(device)
         arg.tet_edge_indices = self._tet_edge_indices.to(device)
+        arg.face_vertex_indices = self._mesh.face_vertex_indices.to(device)
 
         arg.vertex_count = self._mesh.vertex_count()
         arg.face_count = self._mesh.side_count()
-        arg.edge_count = self.edge_count()
+        arg.edge_count = self._edge_count
         return arg
 
-    class Trace(NodalFunctionSpaceTrace):
-        def __init__(self, space: NodalFunctionSpace):
-            super().__init__(space)
-            self.ORDER = space.ORDER
-
-    @wp.func
-    def _inner_cell_index(args: SpaceArg, side_index: ElementIndex):
-        return Tetmesh.side_inner_cell_index(args.geo_arg, side_index)
-
-    @wp.func
-    def _outer_cell_index(args: SpaceArg, side_index: ElementIndex):
-        return Tetmesh.side_outer_cell_index(args.geo_arg, side_index)
-
-    @wp.func
-    def _inner_cell_coords(args: SpaceArg, side_index: ElementIndex, side_coords: Coords):
-        tet_index = Tetmesh.side_inner_cell_index(args.geo_arg, side_index)
-        return Tetmesh.face_to_tet_coords(args.geo_arg, side_index, tet_index, side_coords)
-
-    @wp.func
-    def _outer_cell_coords(args: SpaceArg, side_index: ElementIndex, side_coords: Coords):
-        tet_index = Tetmesh.side_outer_cell_index(args.geo_arg, side_index)
-        return Tetmesh.face_to_tet_coords(args.geo_arg, side_index, tet_index, side_coords)
-
-    @wp.func
-    def _cell_to_side_coords(
-        args: SpaceArg,
-        side_index: ElementIndex,
-        element_index: ElementIndex,
-        element_coords: Coords,
-    ):
-        return Tetmesh.tet_to_face_coords(args.geo_arg, side_index, element_index, element_coords)
-
-    def _compute_reference_transforms(self):
-        self._reference_transforms = wp.empty(
-            dtype=wp.mat33f, device=self._mesh.positions.device, shape=(self._mesh.cell_count())
-        )
-
-        wp.launch(
-            kernel=TetmeshFunctionSpace._compute_reference_transforms_kernel,
-            dim=self._reference_transforms.shape,
-            device=self._reference_transforms.device,
-            inputs=[self._mesh.tet_vertex_indices, self._mesh.positions, self._reference_transforms],
-        )
-
     def _compute_tet_face_indices(self):
         self._tet_face_indices = wp.empty(
             dtype=int, device=self._mesh.tet_vertex_indices.device, shape=(self._mesh.cell_count(), 4)
         )
 
         wp.launch(
-            kernel=TetmeshFunctionSpace._compute_tet_face_indices_kernel,
+            kernel=TetmeshSpaceTopology._compute_tet_face_indices_kernel,
             dim=self._mesh._face_tet_indices.shape,
             device=self._mesh.tet_vertex_indices.device,
             inputs=[
-                self._mesh._face_tet_indices,
-                self._mesh._face_vertex_indices,
+                self._mesh.face_tet_indices,
+                self._mesh.face_vertex_indices,
                 self._mesh.tet_vertex_indices,
                 self._tet_face_indices,
             ],
         )
 
-    def _compute_tet_edge_indices(self):
-        from warp.fem.utils import _get_pinned_temp_count_buffer
-        from warp.utils import array_scan
-
-        device = self._mesh.tet_vertex_indices.device
-
-        vertex_start_edge_count = wp.zeros(dtype=int, device=device, shape=self._mesh.vertex_count())
-        vertex_start_edge_offsets = wp.empty_like(vertex_start_edge_count)
-
-        vertex_edge_ends = wp.empty(dtype=int, device=device, shape=(6 * self._mesh.cell_count()))
-
-        # Count face edges starting at each vertex
-        wp.launch(
-            kernel=TetmeshFunctionSpace._count_starting_edges_kernel,
-            device=device,
-            dim=self._mesh.cell_count(),
-            inputs=[self._mesh.tet_vertex_indices, vertex_start_edge_count],
-        )
-
-        array_scan(in_array=vertex_start_edge_count, out_array=vertex_start_edge_offsets, inclusive=False)
-
-        # Count number of unique edges (deduplicate across faces)
-        vertex_unique_edge_count = vertex_start_edge_count
-        wp.launch(
-            kernel=TetmeshFunctionSpace._count_unique_starting_edges_kernel,
-            device=device,
-            dim=self._mesh.vertex_count(),
-            inputs=[
-                self._mesh._vertex_tet_offsets,
-                self._mesh._vertex_tet_indices,
-                self._mesh.tet_vertex_indices,
-                vertex_start_edge_offsets,
-                vertex_unique_edge_count,
-                vertex_edge_ends,
-            ],
-        )
-
-        vertex_unique_edge_offsets = wp.empty_like(vertex_start_edge_offsets)
-        array_scan(in_array=vertex_start_edge_count, out_array=vertex_unique_edge_offsets, inclusive=False)
-
-        # Get back edge count to host
-        if device.is_cuda:
-            edge_count = _get_pinned_temp_count_buffer(device)
-            # Last vertex will not own any edge, so its count will be zero; just fetching last prefix count is ok
-            wp.copy(dest=edge_count, src=vertex_unique_edge_offsets, src_offset=self._mesh.vertex_count() - 1, count=1)
-            wp.synchronize_stream(wp.get_stream())
-            edge_count = int(edge_count.numpy()[0])
-        else:
-            edge_count = int(vertex_unique_edge_offsets.numpy()[self._mesh.vertex_count() - 1])
-
-        self._edge_vertex_indices = wp.empty(shape=(edge_count,), dtype=vec2i, device=device)
-        self._tet_edge_indices = wp.empty(
-            dtype=int, device=self._mesh.tet_vertex_indices.device, shape=(self._mesh.cell_count(), 6)
-        )
-
-        # Compress edge data
-        wp.launch(
-            kernel=TetmeshFunctionSpace._compress_edges_kernel,
-            device=device,
-            dim=self._mesh.vertex_count(),
-            inputs=[
-                self._mesh._vertex_tet_offsets,
-                self._mesh._vertex_tet_indices,
-                self._mesh.tet_vertex_indices,
-                vertex_start_edge_offsets,
-                vertex_unique_edge_offsets,
-                vertex_unique_edge_count,
-                vertex_edge_ends,
-                self._edge_vertex_indices,
-                self._tet_edge_indices,
-            ],
-        )
-
-    @wp.kernel
-    def _compute_reference_transforms_kernel(
-        tet_vertex_indices: wp.array2d(dtype=int),
-        positions: wp.array(dtype=wp.vec3f),
-        transforms: wp.array(dtype=wp.mat33f),
-    ):
-        t = wp.tid()
-
-        p0 = positions[tet_vertex_indices[t, 0]]
-        p1 = positions[tet_vertex_indices[t, 1]]
-        p2 = positions[tet_vertex_indices[t, 2]]
-        p3 = positions[tet_vertex_indices[t, 3]]
-
-        e1 = p1 - p0
-        e2 = p2 - p0
-        e3 = p3 - p0
-
-        mat = wp.mat33(e1, e2, e3)
-        transforms[t] = wp.transpose(wp.inverse(mat))
-
     @wp.func
     def _find_face_index_in_tet(
-        face_vtx: vec3i,
-        tet_vtx: vec4i,
+        face_vtx: wp.vec3i,
+        tet_vtx: wp.vec4i,
     ):
         for k in range(3):
-            tvk = vec3i(tet_vtx[k], tet_vtx[(k + 1) % 4], tet_vtx[(k + 2) % 4])
+            tvk = wp.vec3i(tet_vtx[k], tet_vtx[(k + 1) % 4], tet_vtx[(k + 2) % 4])
 
             # Use fact that face always start with min vertex
             min_t = wp.min(tvk)
@@ -230,8 +99,8 @@ class TetmeshFunctionSpace(NodalFunctionSpace):
 
     @wp.kernel
     def _compute_tet_face_indices_kernel(
-        face_tet_indices: wp.array(dtype=vec2i),
-        face_vertex_indices: wp.array(dtype=vec3i),
+        face_tet_indices: wp.array(dtype=wp.vec2i),
+        face_vertex_indices: wp.array(dtype=wp.vec3i),
         tet_vertex_indices: wp.array2d(dtype=int),
         tet_face_indices: wp.array2d(dtype=int),
     ):
@@ -241,821 +110,106 @@ class TetmeshFunctionSpace(NodalFunctionSpace):
         face_tets = face_tet_indices[e]
 
         t0 = face_tets[0]
-        t0_vtx = vec4i(
+        t0_vtx = wp.vec4i(
             tet_vertex_indices[t0, 0], tet_vertex_indices[t0, 1], tet_vertex_indices[t0, 2], tet_vertex_indices[t0, 3]
         )
-        t0_face = TetmeshFunctionSpace._find_face_index_in_tet(face_vtx, t0_vtx)
+        t0_face = TetmeshSpaceTopology._find_face_index_in_tet(face_vtx, t0_vtx)
         tet_face_indices[t0, t0_face] = e
 
         t1 = face_tets[1]
         if t1 != t0:
-            t1_vtx = vec4i(
+            t1_vtx = wp.vec4i(
                 tet_vertex_indices[t1, 0],
                 tet_vertex_indices[t1, 1],
                 tet_vertex_indices[t1, 2],
                 tet_vertex_indices[t1, 3],
             )
-            t1_face = TetmeshFunctionSpace._find_face_index_in_tet(face_vtx, t1_vtx)
+            t1_face = TetmeshSpaceTopology._find_face_index_in_tet(face_vtx, t1_vtx)
             tet_face_indices[t1, t1_face] = e
 
-    @wp.kernel
-    def _count_starting_edges_kernel(
-        tri_vertex_indices: wp.array2d(dtype=int), vertex_start_edge_count: wp.array(dtype=int)
-    ):
-        t = wp.tid()
-        for k in range(3):
-            v0 = tri_vertex_indices[t, k]
-            v1 = tri_vertex_indices[t, (k + 1) % 3]
-
-            if v0 < v1:
-                wp.atomic_add(vertex_start_edge_count, v0, 1)
-            else:
-                wp.atomic_add(vertex_start_edge_count, v1, 1)
-
-        for k in range(3):
-            v0 = tri_vertex_indices[t, k]
-            v1 = tri_vertex_indices[t, 3]
-
-            if v0 < v1:
-                wp.atomic_add(vertex_start_edge_count, v0, 1)
-            else:
-                wp.atomic_add(vertex_start_edge_count, v1, 1)
-
-    @wp.func
-    def _find(
-        needle: int,
-        values: wp.array(dtype=int),
-        beg: int,
-        end: int,
-    ):
-        for i in range(beg, end):
-            if values[i] == needle:
-                return i
-
-        return -1
-
-    @wp.kernel
-    def _count_unique_starting_edges_kernel(
-        vertex_tet_offsets: wp.array(dtype=int),
-        vertex_tet_indices: wp.array(dtype=int),
-        tet_vertex_indices: wp.array2d(dtype=int),
-        vertex_start_edge_offsets: wp.array(dtype=int),
-        vertex_start_edge_count: wp.array(dtype=int),
-        edge_ends: wp.array(dtype=int),
-    ):
-        v = wp.tid()
-
-        edge_beg = vertex_start_edge_offsets[v]
-
-        tet_beg = vertex_tet_offsets[v]
-        tet_end = vertex_tet_offsets[v + 1]
-
-        edge_cur = edge_beg
-
-        for tet in range(tet_beg, tet_end):
-            t = vertex_tet_indices[tet]
-
-            for k in range(3):
-                v0 = tet_vertex_indices[t, k]
-                v1 = tet_vertex_indices[t, (k + 1) % 3]
-
-                if v == wp.min(v0, v1):
-                    other_v = wp.max(v0, v1)
-                    if TetmeshFunctionSpace._find(other_v, edge_ends, edge_beg, edge_cur) == -1:
-                        edge_ends[edge_cur] = other_v
-                        edge_cur += 1
-
-            for k in range(3):
-                v0 = tet_vertex_indices[t, k]
-                v1 = tet_vertex_indices[t, 3]
-
-                if v == wp.min(v0, v1):
-                    other_v = wp.max(v0, v1)
-                    if TetmeshFunctionSpace._find(other_v, edge_ends, edge_beg, edge_cur) == -1:
-                        edge_ends[edge_cur] = other_v
-                        edge_cur += 1
-
-        vertex_start_edge_count[v] = edge_cur - edge_beg
-
-    @wp.kernel
-    def _compress_edges_kernel(
-        vertex_tet_offsets: wp.array(dtype=int),
-        vertex_tet_indices: wp.array(dtype=int),
-        tet_vertex_indices: wp.array2d(dtype=int),
-        vertex_start_edge_offsets: wp.array(dtype=int),
-        vertex_unique_edge_offsets: wp.array(dtype=int),
-        vertex_unique_edge_count: wp.array(dtype=int),
-        uncompressed_edge_ends: wp.array(dtype=int),
-        edge_vertex_indices: wp.array(dtype=vec2i),
-        tet_edge_indices: wp.array2d(dtype=int),
-    ):
-        v = wp.tid()
-
-        uncompressed_beg = vertex_start_edge_offsets[v]
-
-        unique_beg = vertex_unique_edge_offsets[v]
-        unique_count = vertex_unique_edge_count[v]
-
-        for e in range(unique_count):
-            src_index = uncompressed_beg + e
-            edge_index = unique_beg + e
-
-            edge_vertex_indices[edge_index] = vec2i(v, uncompressed_edge_ends[src_index])
-
-        tet_beg = vertex_tet_offsets[v]
-        tet_end = vertex_tet_offsets[v + 1]
-
-        for tet in range(tet_beg, tet_end):
-            t = vertex_tet_indices[tet]
-
-            for k in range(3):
-                v0 = tet_vertex_indices[t, k]
-                v1 = tet_vertex_indices[t, (k + 1) % 3]
-
-                if v == wp.min(v0, v1):
-                    other_v = wp.max(v0, v1)
-                    edge_id = (
-                        TetmeshFunctionSpace._find(
-                            other_v, uncompressed_edge_ends, uncompressed_beg, uncompressed_beg + unique_count
-                        )
-                        - uncompressed_beg
-                        + unique_beg
-                    )
-                    tet_edge_indices[t][k] = edge_id
-
-            for k in range(3):
-                v0 = tet_vertex_indices[t, k]
-                v1 = tet_vertex_indices[t, 3]
-
-                if v == wp.min(v0, v1):
-                    other_v = wp.max(v0, v1)
-                    edge_id = (
-                        TetmeshFunctionSpace._find(
-                            other_v, uncompressed_edge_ends, uncompressed_beg, uncompressed_beg + unique_count
-                        )
-                        - uncompressed_beg
-                        + unique_beg
-                    )
-                    tet_edge_indices[t][k + 3] = edge_id
-
-
-class TetmeshPiecewiseConstantSpace(TetmeshFunctionSpace):
-    ORDER = wp.constant(0)
-    NODES_PER_ELEMENT = wp.constant(1)
-
-    def __init__(self, grid: Tetmesh, dtype: type = float, dof_mapper: DofMapper = None):
-        super().__init__(grid, dtype, dof_mapper)
-
-        self.element_outer_weight = self.element_inner_weight
-        self.element_outer_weight_gradient = self.element_inner_weight_gradient
-
-    def node_count(self) -> int:
-        return self._mesh.cell_count()
-
-    def node_positions(self):
-        vtx_pos = self._mesh.positions.numpy()
-        tet_vtx = self._mesh.tet_vertex_indices.numpy()
-
-        tet_pos = vtx_pos[tet_vtx]
-        centers = tet_pos.sum(axis=1) / 4.0
-
-        return centers[:, 0], centers[:, 1], centers[:, 2]
-
-    @wp.func
-    def element_node_index(
-        args: TetmeshFunctionSpace.SpaceArg,
-        element_index: ElementIndex,
-        node_index_in_elt: int,
-    ):
-        return element_index
-
-    @wp.func
-    def node_coords_in_element(
-        args: TetmeshFunctionSpace.SpaceArg,
-        element_index: ElementIndex,
-        node_index_in_elt: int,
-    ):
-        if node_index_in_elt == 0:
-            return Coords(1.0 / 4.0, 1.0 / 4.0, 1.0 / 4.0)
-
-        return Coords(OUTSIDE)
-
-    @wp.func
-    def node_quadrature_weight(
-        args: TetmeshFunctionSpace.SpaceArg,
-        element_index: ElementIndex,
-        node_index_in_elt: int,
-    ):
-        return 1.0
-
-    @wp.func
-    def element_inner_weight(
-        args: TetmeshFunctionSpace.SpaceArg,
-        element_index: ElementIndex,
-        coords: Coords,
-        node_index_in_elt: int,
-    ):
-        if node_index_in_elt == 0:
-            return 1.0
-        return 0.0
 
-    @wp.func
-    def element_inner_weight_gradient(
-        args: TetmeshFunctionSpace.SpaceArg,
-        element_index: ElementIndex,
-        coords: Coords,
-        node_index_in_elt: int,
-    ):
-        return wp.vec3(0.0)
+class TetmeshDiscontinuousSpaceTopology(
+    DiscontinuousSpaceTopologyMixin,
+    SpaceTopology,
+):
+    def __init__(self, mesh: Tetmesh, shape: ShapeFunction):
+        super().__init__(mesh, shape.NODES_PER_ELEMENT)
 
-    class Trace(TetmeshFunctionSpace.Trace):
-        NODES_PER_ELEMENT = wp.constant(2)
-        ORDER = wp.constant(0)
 
-        def __init__(self, space: "TetmeshPiecewiseConstantSpace"):
-            super().__init__(space)
+class TetmeshBasisSpace(ShapeBasisSpace):
+    def __init__(self, topology: TetmeshSpaceTopology, shape: ShapeFunction):
+        super().__init__(topology, shape)
 
-            self.element_node_index = self._make_element_node_index(space)
+        self._mesh: Tetmesh = topology.geometry
 
-            self.element_inner_weight = self._make_element_inner_weight(space)
-            self.element_inner_weight_gradient = self._make_element_inner_weight_gradient(space)
 
-            self.element_outer_weight = self._make_element_outer_weight(space)
-            self.element_outer_weight_gradient = self._make_element_outer_weight_gradient(space)
+class TetmeshPiecewiseConstantBasis(TetmeshBasisSpace):
+    def __init__(self, mesh: Tetmesh):
+        shape = ConstantShapeFunction(mesh.reference_cell(), space_dimension=3)
+        topology = TetmeshDiscontinuousSpaceTopology(mesh, shape)
+        super().__init__(shape=shape, topology=topology)
 
+    class Trace(TraceBasisSpace):
         @wp.func
-        def node_coords_in_element(
-            args: TetmeshFunctionSpace.SpaceArg,
+        def _node_coords_in_element(
+            side_arg: Tetmesh.SideArg,
+            basis_arg: TetmeshBasisSpace.BasisArg,
             element_index: ElementIndex,
             node_index_in_element: int,
         ):
-            if node_index_in_element == 0:
-                return Coords(1.0 / 3.0, 1.0 / 3.0, 1.0 / 3.0)
-            elif node_index_in_element == 1:
-                return Coords(1.0 / 3.0, 1.0 / 3.0, 1.0 / 3.0)
-
-            return Coords(OUTSIDE)
+            return Coords(1.0 / 3.0, 1.0 / 3.0, 1.0 / 3.0)
 
-        @wp.func
-        def node_quadrature_weight(
-            args: TetmeshFunctionSpace.SpaceArg,
-            element_index: ElementIndex,
-            node_index_in_elt: int,
-        ):
-            return 1.0
+        def make_node_coords_in_element(self):
+            return self._node_coords_in_element
 
     def trace(self):
-        return TetmeshPiecewiseConstantSpace.Trace(self)
-
-
-def _tet_node_index(tx: int, ty: int, tz: int, degree: int):
-    from .trimesh_2d_function_space import _triangle_node_index
-
-    VERTEX_NODE_COUNT = 4
-    EDGE_INTERIOR_NODE_COUNT = degree - 1
-    VERTEX_EDGE_NODE_COUNT = VERTEX_NODE_COUNT + 6 * EDGE_INTERIOR_NODE_COUNT
-    FACE_INTERIOR_NODE_COUNT = (degree - 1) * (degree - 2) // 2
-    VERTEX_EDGE_FACE_NODE_COUNT = VERTEX_EDGE_NODE_COUNT + 4 * FACE_INTERIOR_NODE_COUNT
-
-    # Index in similar order to e.g. VTK
-    # First vertices, then edges (counterclokwise), then faces, then interior points (recursively)
-
-    if tx == 0:
-        if ty == 0:
-            if tz == 0:
-                return 0
-            elif tz == degree:
-                return 3
-            else:
-                # 0-3 edge
-                edge_index = 3
-                return VERTEX_NODE_COUNT + EDGE_INTERIOR_NODE_COUNT * edge_index + (tz - 1)
-        elif tz == 0:
-            if ty == degree:
-                return 2
-            else:
-                # 2-0 edge
-                edge_index = 2
-                return VERTEX_NODE_COUNT + EDGE_INTERIOR_NODE_COUNT * edge_index + (EDGE_INTERIOR_NODE_COUNT - ty)
-        elif tz + ty == degree:
-            # 2-3 edge
-            edge_index = 5
-            return VERTEX_NODE_COUNT + EDGE_INTERIOR_NODE_COUNT * edge_index + (tz - 1)
-        else:
-            # 2-3-0 face
-            face_index = 2
-            return (
-                VERTEX_EDGE_NODE_COUNT
-                + FACE_INTERIOR_NODE_COUNT * face_index
-                + _triangle_node_index(degree - 2 - ty, tz - 1, degree - 2)
-            )
-    elif ty == 0:
-        if tz == 0:
-            if tx == degree:
-                return 1
-            else:
-                # 0-1 edge
-                edge_index = 0
-                return VERTEX_NODE_COUNT + EDGE_INTERIOR_NODE_COUNT * edge_index + (tx - 1)
-        elif tz + tx == degree:
-            # 1-3 edge
-            edge_index = 4
-            return VERTEX_NODE_COUNT + EDGE_INTERIOR_NODE_COUNT * edge_index + (tz - 1)
-        else:
-            # 3-0-1 face
-            face_index = 3
-            return (
-                VERTEX_EDGE_NODE_COUNT
-                + FACE_INTERIOR_NODE_COUNT * face_index
-                + _triangle_node_index(tx - 1, tz - 1, degree - 2)
-            )
-    elif tz == 0:
-        if tx + ty == degree:
-            # 1-2 edge
-            edge_index = 1
-            return VERTEX_NODE_COUNT + EDGE_INTERIOR_NODE_COUNT * edge_index + (ty - 1)
-        else:
-            # 0-1-2 face
-            face_index = 0
-            return (
-                VERTEX_EDGE_NODE_COUNT
-                + FACE_INTERIOR_NODE_COUNT * face_index
-                + _triangle_node_index(tx - 1, ty - 1, degree - 2)
-            )
-    elif tx + ty + tz == degree:
-        # 1-2-3 face
-        face_index = 1
-        return (
-            VERTEX_EDGE_NODE_COUNT
-            + FACE_INTERIOR_NODE_COUNT * face_index
-            + _triangle_node_index(tx - 1, tz - 1, degree - 2)
-        )
-
-    return VERTEX_EDGE_FACE_NODE_COUNT + _tet_node_index(tx - 1, ty - 1, tz - 1, degree - 3)
-
-
-class TetmeshPolynomialShapeFunctions:
-    INVALID = wp.constant(-1)
-    VERTEX = wp.constant(0)
-    EDGE = wp.constant(1)
-    FACE = wp.constant(2)
-    INTERIOR = wp.constant(3)
-
-    def __init__(self, degree: int):
-        self.ORDER = wp.constant(degree)
-
-        self.NODES_PER_ELEMENT = wp.constant((degree + 1) * (degree + 2) * (degree + 3) // 6)
-        self.NODES_PER_SIDE = wp.constant((degree + 1) * (degree + 2) // 2)
-
-        tet_coords = np.empty((self.NODES_PER_ELEMENT, 3), dtype=int)
-
-        for tx in range(degree + 1):
-            for ty in range(degree + 1 - tx):
-                for tz in range(degree + 1 - tx - ty):
-                    index = _tet_node_index(tx, ty, tz, degree)
-                    tet_coords[index] = [tx, ty, tz]
-
-        CoordTypeVec = wp.mat(dtype=int, shape=(self.NODES_PER_ELEMENT, 3))
-        self.NODE_TET_COORDS = wp.constant(CoordTypeVec(tet_coords))
-
-        self.node_type_and_type_index = self._get_node_type_and_type_index()
-        self._node_tet_coordinates = self._get_node_tet_coordinates()
-
-    @property
-    def name(self) -> str:
-        return f"{self.ORDER}"
+        return TetmeshPiecewiseConstantBasis.Trace(self)
 
-    def _get_node_tet_coordinates(self):
-        NODE_TET_COORDS = self.NODE_TET_COORDS
 
-        def node_tet_coordinates(
-            node_index_in_elt: int,
-        ):
-            return vec3i(
-                NODE_TET_COORDS[node_index_in_elt, 0],
-                NODE_TET_COORDS[node_index_in_elt, 1],
-                NODE_TET_COORDS[node_index_in_elt, 2],
-            )
-
-        from warp.fem import cache
-
-        return cache.get_func(node_tet_coordinates, self.name)
-
-    def _get_node_type_and_type_index(self):
-        ORDER = self.ORDER
-        NODES_PER_ELEMENT = self.NODES_PER_ELEMENT
-
-        def node_type_and_index(
-            node_index_in_elt: int,
-        ):
-            if node_index_in_elt < 0 or node_index_in_elt >= NODES_PER_ELEMENT:
-                return TetmeshPolynomialShapeFunctions.INVALID, TetmeshPolynomialShapeFunctions.INVALID
-
-            if node_index_in_elt < 4:
-                return TetmeshPolynomialShapeFunctions.VERTEX, node_index_in_elt
-
-            if node_index_in_elt < (6 * ORDER - 2):
-                return TetmeshPolynomialShapeFunctions.EDGE, (node_index_in_elt - 4)
-
-            if node_index_in_elt < (2 * ORDER * ORDER + 2):
-                return TetmeshPolynomialShapeFunctions.FACE, (node_index_in_elt - (6 * ORDER - 2))
-
-            return TetmeshPolynomialShapeFunctions.INTERIOR, (node_index_in_elt - (2 * ORDER * ORDER + 2))
-
-        from warp.fem import cache
-
-        return cache.get_func(node_type_and_index, self.name)
-
-    def make_node_coords_in_element(self):
-        ORDER = self.ORDER
-
-        def node_coords_in_element(
-            args: TetmeshFunctionSpace.SpaceArg,
-            element_index: ElementIndex,
-            node_index_in_elt: int,
-        ):
-            tet_coords = self._node_tet_coordinates(node_index_in_elt)
-            cx = float(tet_coords[0]) / float(ORDER)
-            cy = float(tet_coords[1]) / float(ORDER)
-            cz = float(tet_coords[2]) / float(ORDER)
-            return Coords(cx, cy, cz)
-
-        from warp.fem import cache
-
-        return cache.get_func(node_coords_in_element, self.name)
-
-    def make_node_quadrature_weight(self):
-        ORDER = self.ORDER
-
-        def node_uniform_quadrature_weight(
-            args: TetmeshFunctionSpace.SpaceArg,
-            element_index: ElementIndex,
-            node_index_in_elt: int,
-        ):
-            node_type, type_index = self.node_type_and_type_index(node_index_in_elt)
-
-            base_weight = 1.0 / float(4 * ORDER * ORDER * ORDER)
-            if node_type == TetmeshPolynomialShapeFunctions.VERTEX:
-                return base_weight
-            if node_type == TetmeshPolynomialShapeFunctions.EDGE:
-                return 2.0 * base_weight
-            if node_type == TetmeshPolynomialShapeFunctions.FACE:
-                return 4.0 * base_weight
-            return 8.0 * base_weight
-
-        def node_linear_quadrature_weight(
-            args: TetmeshFunctionSpace.SpaceArg,
-            element_index: ElementIndex,
-            node_index_in_elt: int,
-        ):
-            return 1.0 / 4.0
-
-        from warp.fem import cache
-
-        if ORDER == 1:
-            return cache.get_func(node_linear_quadrature_weight, self.name)
-        return cache.get_func(node_uniform_quadrature_weight, self.name)
-
-    def make_trace_node_quadrature_weight(self):
-        ORDER = self.ORDER
-        NODES_PER_ELEMENT = self.NODES_PER_ELEMENT
-
-        def trace_uniform_node_quadrature_weight(
-            args: TetmeshFunctionSpace.SpaceArg,
-            element_index: ElementIndex,
-            node_index_in_elt: int,
-        ):
-            if node_index_in_elt >= NODES_PER_ELEMENT:
-                node_index_in_cell = node_index_in_elt - NODES_PER_ELEMENT
-            else:
-                node_index_in_cell = node_index_in_elt
-
-            # We're either on a side interior or at a vertex
-            node_type, type_index = self.node_type_and_type_index(node_index_in_cell)
-
-            base_weight = 1.0 / float(3 * ORDER * ORDER)
-            if node_type == TetmeshPolynomialShapeFunctions.VERTEX:
-                return base_weight
-            if node_type == TetmeshPolynomialShapeFunctions.EDGE:
-                return 2.0 * base_weight
-
-            return 4.0 * base_weight
-
-        def trace_linear_node_quadrature_weight(
-            args: TetmeshFunctionSpace.SpaceArg,
-            element_index: ElementIndex,
-            node_index_in_elt: int,
-        ):
-            return 1.0 / 3.0
-
-        from warp.fem import cache
-
-        if ORDER == 1:
-            return cache.get_func(trace_linear_node_quadrature_weight, self.name)
-
-        return cache.get_func(trace_uniform_node_quadrature_weight, self.name)
-
-    def make_element_inner_weight(self):
-        ORDER = self.ORDER
-
-        def element_inner_weight_linear(
-            args: TetmeshFunctionSpace.SpaceArg,
-            element_index: ElementIndex,
-            coords: Coords,
-            node_index_in_elt: int,
-        ):
-            if node_index_in_elt < 0 or node_index_in_elt >= 4:
-                return 0.0
-
-            tet_coords = wp.vec4(1.0 - coords[0] - coords[1] - coords[2], coords[0], coords[1], coords[2])
-            return tet_coords[node_index_in_elt]
-
-        def element_inner_weight_quadratic(
-            args: TetmeshFunctionSpace.SpaceArg,
-            element_index: ElementIndex,
-            coords: Coords,
-            node_index_in_elt: int,
-        ):
-            node_type, type_index = self.node_type_and_type_index(node_index_in_elt)
-
-            tet_coords = wp.vec4(1.0 - coords[0] - coords[1] - coords[2], coords[0], coords[1], coords[2])
-
-            if node_type == TetmeshPolynomialShapeFunctions.VERTEX:
-                # Vertex
-                return tet_coords[type_index] * (2.0 * tet_coords[type_index] - 1.0)
-
-            elif node_type == TetmeshPolynomialShapeFunctions.EDGE:
-                # Edge
-                if type_index < 3:
-                    c1 = type_index
-                    c2 = (type_index + 1) % 3
-                else:
-                    c1 = type_index - 3
-                    c2 = 3
-                return 4.0 * tet_coords[c1] * tet_coords[c2]
-
-            return 0.0
-
-        def element_inner_weight_cubic(
-            args: TetmeshFunctionSpace.SpaceArg,
-            element_index: ElementIndex,
-            coords: Coords,
-            node_index_in_elt: int,
-        ):
-            node_type, type_index = self.node_type_and_type_index(node_index_in_elt)
-
-            tet_coords = wp.vec4(1.0 - coords[0] - coords[1] - coords[2], coords[0], coords[1], coords[2])
-
-            if node_type == TetmeshPolynomialShapeFunctions.VERTEX:
-                # Vertex
-                return (
-                    0.5
-                    * tet_coords[type_index]
-                    * (3.0 * tet_coords[type_index] - 1.0)
-                    * (3.0 * tet_coords[type_index] - 2.0)
-                )
-
-            elif node_type == TetmeshPolynomialShapeFunctions.EDGE:
-                # Edge
-                edge = type_index // 2
-                edge_node = type_index - 2 * edge
-
-                if edge < 3:
-                    c1 = (edge + edge_node) % 3
-                    c2 = (edge + 1 - edge_node) % 3
-                elif edge_node == 0:
-                    c1 = edge - 3
-                    c2 = 3
-                else:
-                    c1 = 3
-                    c2 = edge - 3
-
-                return 4.5 * tet_coords[c1] * tet_coords[c2] * (3.0 * tet_coords[c1] - 1.0)
-
-            elif node_type == TetmeshPolynomialShapeFunctions.FACE:
-                # Interior
-                c1 = type_index
-                c2 = (c1 + 1) % 4
-                c3 = (c1 + 2) % 4
-                return 27.0 * tet_coords[c1] * tet_coords[c2] * tet_coords[c3]
-
-            return 0.0
-
-        from warp.fem import cache
-
-        if ORDER == 1:
-            return cache.get_func(element_inner_weight_linear, self.name)
-        elif ORDER == 2:
-            return cache.get_func(element_inner_weight_quadratic, self.name)
-        elif ORDER == 3:
-            return cache.get_func(element_inner_weight_cubic, self.name)
-
-        return None
-
-    def make_element_inner_weight_gradient(self):
-        ORDER = self.ORDER
-
-        def element_inner_weight_gradient_linear(
-            args: TetmeshFunctionSpace.SpaceArg,
-            element_index: ElementIndex,
-            coords: Coords,
-            node_index_in_elt: int,
-        ):
-            if node_index_in_elt < 0 or node_index_in_elt >= 4:
-                return wp.vec3(0.0)
-
-            dw_dc = wp.vec4(0.0)
-            dw_dc[node_index_in_elt] = 1.0
-
-            dw_du = wp.vec3(dw_dc[1] - dw_dc[0], dw_dc[2] - dw_dc[0], dw_dc[3] - dw_dc[0])
-
-            return args.reference_transforms[element_index] * dw_du
-
-        def element_inner_weight_gradient_quadratic(
-            args: TetmeshFunctionSpace.SpaceArg,
-            element_index: ElementIndex,
-            coords: Coords,
-            node_index_in_elt: int,
-        ):
-            node_type, type_index = self.node_type_and_type_index(node_index_in_elt)
-
-            tet_coords = wp.vec4(1.0 - coords[0] - coords[1] - coords[2], coords[0], coords[1], coords[2])
-            dw_dc = wp.vec4(0.0)
-
-            if node_type == TetmeshPolynomialShapeFunctions.VERTEX:
-                # Vertex
-                dw_dc[type_index] = 4.0 * tet_coords[type_index] - 1.0
-
-            elif node_type == TetmeshPolynomialShapeFunctions.EDGE:
-                # Edge
-                if type_index < 3:
-                    c1 = type_index
-                    c2 = (type_index + 1) % 3
-                else:
-                    c1 = type_index - 3
-                    c2 = 3
-                dw_dc[c1] = 4.0 * tet_coords[c2]
-                dw_dc[c2] = 4.0 * tet_coords[c1]
-
-            dw_du = wp.vec3(dw_dc[1] - dw_dc[0], dw_dc[2] - dw_dc[0], dw_dc[3] - dw_dc[0])
-            return args.reference_transforms[element_index] * dw_du
-
-        def element_inner_weight_gradient_cubic(
-            args: TetmeshFunctionSpace.SpaceArg,
-            element_index: ElementIndex,
-            coords: Coords,
-            node_index_in_elt: int,
-        ):
-            node_type, type_index = self.node_type_and_type_index(node_index_in_elt)
-
-            tet_coords = wp.vec4(1.0 - coords[0] - coords[1] - coords[2], coords[0], coords[1], coords[2])
-
-            dw_dc = wp.vec4(0.0)
-
-            if node_type == TetmeshPolynomialShapeFunctions.VERTEX:
-                # Vertex
-                dw_dc[type_index] = (
-                    0.5 * 27.0 * tet_coords[type_index] * tet_coords[type_index] - 9.0 * tet_coords[type_index] + 1.0
-                )
-
-            elif node_type == TetmeshPolynomialShapeFunctions.EDGE:
-                # Edge
-                edge = type_index // 2
-                edge_node = type_index - 2 * edge
-
-                if edge < 3:
-                    c1 = (edge + edge_node) % 3
-                    c2 = (edge + 1 - edge_node) % 3
-                elif edge_node == 0:
-                    c1 = edge - 3
-                    c2 = 3
-                else:
-                    c1 = 3
-                    c2 = edge - 3
-
-                dw_dc[c1] = 4.5 * tet_coords[c2] * (6.0 * tet_coords[c1] - 1.0)
-                dw_dc[c2] = 4.5 * tet_coords[c1] * (3.0 * tet_coords[c1] - 1.0)
-
-            elif node_type == TetmeshPolynomialShapeFunctions.FACE:
-                # Interior
-                c1 = type_index
-                c2 = (c1 + 1) % 4
-                c3 = (c1 + 2) % 4
-
-                dw_dc[c1] = 27.0 * tet_coords[c2] * tet_coords[c3]
-                dw_dc[c2] = 27.0 * tet_coords[c3] * tet_coords[c1]
-                dw_dc[c3] = 27.0 * tet_coords[c1] * tet_coords[c2]
-
-            dw_du = wp.vec3(dw_dc[1] - dw_dc[0], dw_dc[2] - dw_dc[0], dw_dc[3] - dw_dc[0])
-            return args.reference_transforms[element_index] * dw_du
-
-        from warp.fem import cache
-
-        if ORDER == 1:
-            return cache.get_func(element_inner_weight_gradient_linear, self.name)
-        elif ORDER == 2:
-            return cache.get_func(element_inner_weight_gradient_quadratic, self.name)
-        elif ORDER == 3:
-            return cache.get_func(element_inner_weight_gradient_cubic, self.name)
-
-        return None
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def node_positions(space):
-        if space.ORDER == 1:
-            node_positions = space._mesh.positions.numpy()
-            return node_positions[:, 0], node_positions[:, 1], node_positions[:, 2]
-
-        NODES_PER_ELEMENT = space.NODES_PER_ELEMENT
-
-        def fill_node_positions_fn(
-            space_arg: space.SpaceArg,
-            node_positions: wp.array(dtype=wp.vec3),
-        ):
-            element_index = wp.tid()
-            tet_idx = space_arg.geo_arg.tet_vertex_indices[element_index]
-            p0 = space_arg.geo_arg.positions[tet_idx[0]]
-            p1 = space_arg.geo_arg.positions[tet_idx[1]]
-            p2 = space_arg.geo_arg.positions[tet_idx[2]]
-            p3 = space_arg.geo_arg.positions[tet_idx[3]]
-
-            for n in range(NODES_PER_ELEMENT):
-                node_index = space.element_node_index(space_arg, element_index, n)
-                coords = space.node_coords_in_element(space_arg, element_index, n)
-
-                pos = p0 + coords[0] * (p1 - p0) + coords[1] * (p2 - p0) + coords[2] * (p3 - p0)
+class TetmeshPolynomialSpaceTopology(TetmeshSpaceTopology):
+    def __init__(self, mesh: Tetmesh, shape: TetrahedronPolynomialShapeFunctions):
+        super().__init__(mesh, shape, need_tet_edge_indices=shape.ORDER >= 2, need_tet_face_indices=shape.ORDER >= 3)
 
-                node_positions[node_index] = pos
-
-        from warp.fem import cache
+        self.element_node_index = self._make_element_node_index()
 
-        fill_node_positions = cache.get_kernel(
-            fill_node_positions_fn,
-            suffix=space.name,
-        )
+    def node_count(self) -> int:
+        ORDER = self._shape.ORDER
+        INTERIOR_NODES_PER_EDGE = max(0, ORDER - 1)
+        INTERIOR_NODES_PER_FACE = max(0, ORDER - 2) * max(0, ORDER - 1) // 2
+        INTERIOR_NODES_PER_CELL = max(0, ORDER - 3) * max(0, ORDER - 2) * max(0, ORDER - 1) // 6
 
-        device = space._mesh.tet_vertex_indices.device
-        node_positions = wp.empty(
-            shape=space.node_count(),
-            dtype=wp.vec3,
-            device=device,
-        )
-        wp.launch(
-            dim=space._mesh.cell_count(),
-            kernel=fill_node_positions,
-            inputs=[
-                space.space_arg_value(device),
-                node_positions,
-            ],
-            device=device,
+        return (
+            self._mesh.vertex_count()
+            + self._mesh.edge_count() * INTERIOR_NODES_PER_EDGE
+            + self._mesh.side_count() * INTERIOR_NODES_PER_FACE
+            + self._mesh.cell_count() * INTERIOR_NODES_PER_CELL
         )
 
-        node_positions = node_positions.numpy()
-        return node_positions[:, 0], node_positions[:, 1], node_positions[:, 2]
-
-
-class TetmeshPolynomialSpace(TetmeshFunctionSpace):
-    def __init__(self, grid: Tetmesh, degree: int, dtype: type = float, dof_mapper: DofMapper = None):
-        super().__init__(grid, dtype, dof_mapper)
-
-        self._shape = TetmeshPolynomialShapeFunctions(degree)
-
-        self.ORDER = self._shape.ORDER
-        self.NODES_PER_ELEMENT = self._shape.NODES_PER_ELEMENT
-
-        self.element_node_index = self._make_element_node_index()
-        self.node_coords_in_element = self._shape.make_node_coords_in_element()
-        self.node_quadrature_weight = self._shape.make_node_quadrature_weight()
-        self.element_inner_weight = self._shape.make_element_inner_weight()
-        self.element_inner_weight_gradient = self._shape.make_element_inner_weight_gradient()
-
-        self.element_outer_weight = self.element_inner_weight
-        self.element_outer_weight_gradient = self.element_inner_weight_gradient
-
     def _make_element_node_index(self):
-        INTERIOR_NODES_PER_EDGE = wp.constant(max(0, self.ORDER - 1))
-        INTERIOR_NODES_PER_FACE = wp.constant(max(0, self.ORDER - 2) * max(0, self.ORDER - 1) // 2)
-        INTERIOR_NODES_PER_CELL = wp.constant(
-            max(0, self.ORDER - 3) * max(0, self.ORDER - 2) * max(0, self.ORDER - 1) // 6
-        )
+        ORDER = self._shape.ORDER
+        INTERIOR_NODES_PER_EDGE = wp.constant(max(0, ORDER - 1))
+        INTERIOR_NODES_PER_FACE = wp.constant(max(0, ORDER - 2) * max(0, ORDER - 1) // 2)
+        INTERIOR_NODES_PER_CELL = wp.constant(max(0, ORDER - 3) * max(0, ORDER - 2) * max(0, ORDER - 1) // 6)
 
+        @cache.dynamic_func(suffix=self.name)
         def element_node_index(
-            args: TetmeshFunctionSpace.SpaceArg,
+            geo_arg: Tetmesh.CellArg,
+            topo_arg: TetmeshTopologyArg,
             element_index: ElementIndex,
             node_index_in_elt: int,
         ):
             node_type, type_index = self._shape.node_type_and_type_index(node_index_in_elt)
 
-            if node_type == TetmeshPolynomialShapeFunctions.VERTEX:
-                return args.geo_arg.tet_vertex_indices[element_index][type_index]
+            if node_type == TetrahedronPolynomialShapeFunctions.VERTEX:
+                return geo_arg.tet_vertex_indices[element_index][type_index]
 
-            global_offset = args.vertex_count
+            global_offset = topo_arg.vertex_count
 
-            if node_type == TetmeshPolynomialShapeFunctions.EDGE:
+            if node_type == TetrahedronPolynomialShapeFunctions.EDGE:
                 edge = type_index // INTERIOR_NODES_PER_EDGE
                 edge_node = type_index - INTERIOR_NODES_PER_EDGE * edge
 
-                global_edge_index = args.tet_edge_indices[element_index][edge]
+                global_edge_index = topo_arg.tet_edge_indices[element_index][edge]
 
                 # Test if we need to swap edge direction
                 if INTERIOR_NODES_PER_EDGE > 1:
@@ -1066,28 +220,25 @@ class TetmeshPolynomialSpace(TetmeshFunctionSpace):
                         c1 = edge - 3
                         c2 = 3
 
-                    if (
-                        args.geo_arg.tet_vertex_indices[element_index][c1]
-                        > args.geo_arg.tet_vertex_indices[element_index][c2]
-                    ):
+                    if geo_arg.tet_vertex_indices[element_index][c1] > geo_arg.tet_vertex_indices[element_index][c2]:
                         edge_node = INTERIOR_NODES_PER_EDGE - 1 - edge_node
 
                 return global_offset + INTERIOR_NODES_PER_EDGE * global_edge_index + edge_node
 
-            global_offset += INTERIOR_NODES_PER_EDGE * args.edge_count
+            global_offset += INTERIOR_NODES_PER_EDGE * topo_arg.edge_count
 
-            if node_type == TetmeshPolynomialShapeFunctions.FACE:
+            if node_type == TetrahedronPolynomialShapeFunctions.FACE:
                 face = type_index // INTERIOR_NODES_PER_FACE
                 face_node = type_index - INTERIOR_NODES_PER_FACE * face
 
-                global_face_index = args.tet_face_indices[element_index][face]
+                global_face_index = topo_arg.tet_face_indices[element_index][face]
 
                 if INTERIOR_NODES_PER_FACE == 3:
                     # Hard code for P4 case, 3 nodes per face
                     # Higher orders would require rotating triangle coordinates, this is not supported yet
 
-                    vidx = args.geo_arg.tet_vertex_indices[element_index][(face + face_node) % 4]
-                    fvi = args.geo_arg.face_vertex_indices[global_face_index]
+                    vidx = geo_arg.tet_vertex_indices[element_index][(face + face_node) % 4]
+                    fvi = topo_arg.face_vertex_indices[global_face_index]
 
                     if vidx == fvi[0]:
                         face_node = 0
@@ -1098,102 +249,44 @@ class TetmeshPolynomialSpace(TetmeshFunctionSpace):
 
                 return global_offset + INTERIOR_NODES_PER_FACE * global_face_index + face_node
 
-            global_offset += INTERIOR_NODES_PER_FACE * args.face_count
+            global_offset += INTERIOR_NODES_PER_FACE * topo_arg.face_count
 
             return global_offset + INTERIOR_NODES_PER_CELL * element_index + type_index
 
-        from warp.fem import cache
-
-        return cache.get_func(element_node_index, self.name)
-
-    def node_count(self) -> int:
-        INTERIOR_NODES_PER_EDGE = wp.constant(max(0, self.ORDER - 1))
-        INTERIOR_NODES_PER_FACE = wp.constant(max(0, self.ORDER - 2) * max(0, self.ORDER - 1) // 2)
-        INTERIOR_NODES_PER_CELL = wp.constant(
-            max(0, self.ORDER - 3) * max(0, self.ORDER - 2) * max(0, self.ORDER - 1) // 6
-        )
-
-        return (
-            self._mesh.vertex_count()
-            + self.edge_count() * INTERIOR_NODES_PER_EDGE
-            + self._mesh.side_count() * INTERIOR_NODES_PER_FACE
-            + self._mesh.cell_count() * INTERIOR_NODES_PER_CELL
-        )
-
-    def node_positions(self):
-        return TetmeshPolynomialShapeFunctions.node_positions(self)
-
-    class Trace(TetmeshFunctionSpace.Trace):
-        NODES_PER_ELEMENT = wp.constant(2)
-        ORDER = wp.constant(0)
-
-        def __init__(self, space: "TetmeshPolynomialSpace"):
-            super().__init__(space)
-
-            self.element_node_index = self._make_element_node_index(space)
-            self.node_coords_in_element = self._make_node_coords_in_element(space)
-            self.node_quadrature_weight = space._shape.make_trace_node_quadrature_weight()
-
-            self.element_inner_weight = self._make_element_inner_weight(space)
-            self.element_inner_weight_gradient = self._make_element_inner_weight_gradient(space)
+        return element_node_index
 
-            self.element_outer_weight = self._make_element_outer_weight(space)
-            self.element_outer_weight_gradient = self._make_element_outer_weight_gradient(space)
 
-    def trace(self):
-        return TetmeshPolynomialSpace.Trace(self)
-
-
-class TetmeshDGPolynomialSpace(TetmeshFunctionSpace):
+class TetmeshPolynomialBasisSpace(TetmeshBasisSpace):
     def __init__(
         self,
         mesh: Tetmesh,
         degree: int,
-        dtype: type = float,
-        dof_mapper: DofMapper = None,
     ):
-        super().__init__(mesh, dtype, dof_mapper)
-
-        self._shape = TetmeshPolynomialShapeFunctions(degree)
-
-        self.ORDER = self._shape.ORDER
-        self.NODES_PER_ELEMENT = self._shape.NODES_PER_ELEMENT
-
-        self.element_node_index = self._make_element_node_index()
-        self.node_coords_in_element = self._shape.make_node_coords_in_element()
-        self.node_quadrature_weight = self._shape.make_node_quadrature_weight()
-        self.element_inner_weight = self._shape.make_element_inner_weight()
-        self.element_inner_weight_gradient = self._shape.make_element_inner_weight_gradient()
-
-        self.element_outer_weight = self.element_inner_weight
-        self.element_outer_weight_gradient = self.element_inner_weight_gradient
-
-    def node_count(self) -> int:
-        return self._mesh.cell_count() * self.NODES_PER_ELEMENT
-
-    def node_positions(self):
-        return TetmeshPolynomialShapeFunctions.node_positions(self)
+        shape = TetrahedronPolynomialShapeFunctions(degree)
+        topology = forward_base_topology(TetmeshPolynomialSpaceTopology, mesh, shape)
 
-    def node_triangulation(self):
-        return TetmeshPolynomialShapeFunctions.node_triangulation(self)
+        super().__init__(topology, shape)
 
-    def _make_element_node_index(self):
-        NODES_PER_ELEMENT = self.NODES_PER_ELEMENT
 
-        def element_node_index(
-            args: TetmeshFunctionSpace.SpaceArg,
-            element_index: ElementIndex,
-            node_index_in_elt: int,
-        ):
-            return element_index * NODES_PER_ELEMENT + node_index_in_elt
+class TetmeshDGPolynomialBasisSpace(TetmeshBasisSpace):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        mesh: Tetmesh,
+        degree: int,
+    ):
+        shape = TetrahedronPolynomialShapeFunctions(degree)
+        topology = TetmeshDiscontinuousSpaceTopology(mesh, shape)
 
-        from warp.fem import cache
+        super().__init__(topology, shape)
 
-        return cache.get_func(element_node_index, f"{self.name}_{self.ORDER}")
 
-    class Trace(TetmeshPolynomialSpace.Trace):
-        def __init__(self, space: "TetmeshDGPolynomialSpace"):
-            super().__init__(space)
+class TetmeshNonConformingPolynomialBasisSpace(TetmeshBasisSpace):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        mesh: Tetmesh,
+        degree: int,
+    ):
+        shape = TetrahedronNonConformingPolynomialShapeFunctions(degree)
+        topology = TetmeshDiscontinuousSpaceTopology(mesh, shape)
 
-    def trace(self):
-        return TetmeshDGPolynomialSpace.Trace(self)
+        super().__init__(topology, shape)