sqlspec 0.36.0__cp310-cp310-manylinux2014_aarch64.manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl

sqlspec/adapters/oracledb/driver.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1229 @@
+"""Oracle Driver"""
+
+import contextlib
+import logging
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, NamedTuple, cast
+
+import oracledb
+from oracledb import AsyncCursor, Cursor
+
+from sqlspec.adapters.oracledb._typing import (
+    OracleAsyncConnection,
+    OracleAsyncSessionContext,
+    OracleSyncConnection,
+    OracleSyncSessionContext,
+)
+from sqlspec.adapters.oracledb.core import (
+    ORACLEDB_VERSION,
+    build_insert_statement,
+    build_pipeline_stack_result,
+    build_truncate_statement,
+    coerce_large_string_parameters_async,
+    coerce_large_string_parameters_sync,
+    collect_async_rows,
+    collect_sync_rows,
+    create_mapped_exception,
+    default_statement_config,
+    driver_profile,
+    normalize_column_names,
+    normalize_execute_many_parameters_async,
+    normalize_execute_many_parameters_sync,
+    resolve_rowcount,
+)
+from sqlspec.adapters.oracledb.data_dictionary import OracledbAsyncDataDictionary, OracledbSyncDataDictionary
+from sqlspec.core import (
+    SQL,
+    StackResult,
+    StatementConfig,
+    StatementStack,
+    build_arrow_result_from_table,
+    get_cache_config,
+    register_driver_profile,
+)
+from sqlspec.driver import (
+    AsyncDriverAdapterBase,
+    StackExecutionObserver,
+    SyncDriverAdapterBase,
+    describe_stack_statement,
+    hash_stack_operations,
+)
+from sqlspec.exceptions import ImproperConfigurationError, SQLSpecError, StackExecutionError
+from sqlspec.utils.logging import get_logger, log_with_context
+from sqlspec.utils.module_loader import ensure_pyarrow
+from sqlspec.utils.type_guards import has_pipeline_capability
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+    from sqlspec.adapters.oracledb._typing import OraclePipelineDriver
+    from sqlspec.builder import QueryBuilder
+    from sqlspec.core import ArrowResult, Statement, StatementConfig, StatementFilter
+    from sqlspec.core.stack import StackOperation
+    from sqlspec.driver import ExecutionResult
+    from sqlspec.storage import StorageBridgeJob, StorageDestination, StorageFormat, StorageTelemetry
+    from sqlspec.typing import ArrowReturnFormat, StatementParameters, VersionInfo
+
+
+logger = get_logger(__name__)
+
+# Oracle-specific constants
+LARGE_STRING_THRESHOLD = 4000  # Threshold for large string parameters to avoid ORA-01704
+
+__all__ = (
+    "OracleAsyncDriver",
+    "OracleAsyncExceptionHandler",
+    "OracleAsyncSessionContext",
+    "OracleSyncDriver",
+    "OracleSyncExceptionHandler",
+    "OracleSyncSessionContext",
+)
+
+PIPELINE_MIN_DRIVER_VERSION: "tuple[int, int, int]" = (2, 4, 0)
+PIPELINE_MIN_DATABASE_MAJOR: int = 23
+
+
+class _CompiledStackOperation(NamedTuple):
+    statement: SQL
+    sql: str
+    parameters: Any
+    method: str
+    returns_rows: bool
+    summary: str
+
+
+class OraclePipelineMixin:
+    """Shared helpers for Oracle pipeline execution."""
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    def _stack_native_blocker(self, stack: "StatementStack") -> "str | None":
+        for operation in stack.operations:
+            if operation.method == "execute_arrow":
+                return "arrow_operation"
+            if operation.method == "execute_script":
+                return "script_operation"
+        return None
+
+    def _log_pipeline_skip(self, reason: str, stack: "StatementStack") -> None:
+        log_level = logging.INFO if reason == "env_override" else logging.DEBUG
+        log_with_context(
+            logger,
+            log_level,
+            "stack.native_pipeline.skip",
+            driver=type(self).__name__,
+            reason=reason,
+            hashed_operations=hash_stack_operations(stack),
+        )
+
+    def _prepare_pipeline_operation(self, operation: "StackOperation") -> _CompiledStackOperation:
+        driver = cast("OraclePipelineDriver", self)
+        kwargs = dict(operation.keyword_arguments) if operation.keyword_arguments else {}
+        statement_config = kwargs.pop("statement_config", None)
+        config = statement_config or driver.statement_config
+
+        if operation.method == "execute":
+            sql_statement = driver.prepare_statement(
+                operation.statement, operation.arguments, statement_config=config, kwargs=kwargs
+            )
+        elif operation.method == "execute_many":
+            if not operation.arguments:
+                msg = "execute_many stack operation requires parameter sets"
+                raise ValueError(msg)
+            parameter_sets = operation.arguments[0]
+            filters = operation.arguments[1:]
+            if isinstance(operation.statement, SQL):
+                statement_seed = operation.statement.raw_expression or operation.statement.raw_sql
+                sql_statement = SQL(statement_seed, parameter_sets, statement_config=config, is_many=True, **kwargs)
+            else:
+                base_statement = driver.prepare_statement(
+                    operation.statement, filters, statement_config=config, kwargs=kwargs
+                )
+                statement_seed = base_statement.raw_expression or base_statement.raw_sql
+                sql_statement = SQL(statement_seed, parameter_sets, statement_config=config, is_many=True, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            msg = f"Unsupported stack operation method: {operation.method}"
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+
+        compiled_sql, prepared_parameters = driver._get_compiled_sql(  # pyright: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]
+            sql_statement, config
+        )
+        summary = describe_stack_statement(operation.statement)
+        return _CompiledStackOperation(
+            statement=sql_statement,
+            sql=compiled_sql,
+            parameters=prepared_parameters,
+            method=operation.method,
+            returns_rows=sql_statement.returns_rows(),
+            summary=summary,
+        )
+
+    def _add_pipeline_operation(self, pipeline: Any, operation: _CompiledStackOperation) -> None:
+        parameters = operation.parameters or []
+        if operation.method == "execute":
+            if operation.returns_rows:
+                pipeline.add_fetchall(operation.sql, parameters)
+            else:
+                pipeline.add_execute(operation.sql, parameters)
+            return
+
+        if operation.method == "execute_many":
+            pipeline.add_executemany(operation.sql, parameters)
+            return
+
+        msg = f"Unsupported pipeline operation: {operation.method}"
+        raise ValueError(msg)
+
+    def _build_stack_results_from_pipeline(
+        self,
+        compiled_operations: "Sequence[_CompiledStackOperation]",
+        pipeline_results: "Sequence[Any]",
+        continue_on_error: bool,
+        observer: StackExecutionObserver,
+    ) -> "list[StackResult]":
+        driver = cast("OraclePipelineDriver", self)
+        stack_results: list[StackResult] = []
+        for index, (compiled, result) in enumerate(zip(compiled_operations, pipeline_results, strict=False)):
+            try:
+                error = result.error
+            except AttributeError:
+                error = None
+            if error is not None:
+                stack_error = StackExecutionError(
+                    index,
+                    compiled.summary,
+                    error,
+                    adapter=type(self).__name__,
+                    mode="continue-on-error" if continue_on_error else "fail-fast",
+                )
+                if continue_on_error:
+                    observer.record_operation_error(stack_error)
+                    stack_results.append(StackResult.from_error(stack_error))
+                    continue
+                raise stack_error
+
+            stack_results.append(
+                build_pipeline_stack_result(
+                    compiled.statement,
+                    compiled.method,
+                    compiled.returns_rows,
+                    compiled.parameters,
+                    result,
+                    driver.driver_features,
+                )
+            )
+        return stack_results
+
+    def _wrap_pipeline_error(
+        self, error: Exception, stack: "StatementStack", continue_on_error: bool
+    ) -> StackExecutionError:
+        mode = "continue-on-error" if continue_on_error else "fail-fast"
+        return StackExecutionError(
+            -1, "Oracle pipeline execution failed", error, adapter=type(self).__name__, mode=mode
+        )
+
+
+class OracleSyncCursor:
+    """Sync context manager for Oracle cursor management."""
+
+    __slots__ = ("connection", "cursor")
+
+    def __init__(self, connection: OracleSyncConnection) -> None:
+        self.connection = connection
+        self.cursor: Cursor | None = None
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> Cursor:
+        self.cursor = self.connection.cursor()
+        return self.cursor
+
+    def __exit__(self, *_: object) -> None:
+        if self.cursor is not None:
+            self.cursor.close()
+
+
+class OracleAsyncCursor:
+    """Async context manager for Oracle cursor management."""
+
+    __slots__ = ("connection", "cursor")
+
+    def __init__(self, connection: OracleAsyncConnection) -> None:
+        self.connection = connection
+        self.cursor: AsyncCursor | None = None
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> AsyncCursor:
+        self.cursor = self.connection.cursor()
+        return self.cursor
+
+    async def __aexit__(self, exc_type: Any, exc_val: Any, exc_tb: Any) -> None:
+        _ = (exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)  # Mark as intentionally unused
+        if self.cursor is not None:
+            with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
+                # Oracle async cursors have a synchronous close method
+                # but we need to ensure proper cleanup in the event loop context
+                self.cursor.close()
+
+
+class OracleSyncExceptionHandler:
+    """Sync Context manager for handling Oracle database exceptions.
+
+    Maps Oracle ORA-XXXXX error codes to specific SQLSpec exceptions
+    for better error handling in application code.
+
+    Uses deferred exception pattern for mypyc compatibility: exceptions
+    are stored in pending_exception rather than raised from __exit__
+    to avoid ABI boundary violations with compiled code.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("pending_exception",)
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.pending_exception: Exception | None = None
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "OracleSyncExceptionHandler":
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type: Any, exc_val: Any, exc_tb: Any) -> bool:
+        _ = exc_tb
+        if exc_type is None:
+            return False
+        if issubclass(exc_type, oracledb.DatabaseError):
+            self.pending_exception = create_mapped_exception(exc_val)
+            return True
+        return False
+
+
+class OracleAsyncExceptionHandler:
+    """Async context manager for handling Oracle database exceptions.
+
+    Maps Oracle ORA-XXXXX error codes to specific SQLSpec exceptions
+    for better error handling in application code.
+
+    Uses deferred exception pattern for mypyc compatibility: exceptions
+    are stored in pending_exception rather than raised from __aexit__
+    to avoid ABI boundary violations with compiled code.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("pending_exception",)
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.pending_exception: Exception | None = None
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> "OracleAsyncExceptionHandler":
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(self, exc_type: Any, exc_val: Any, exc_tb: Any) -> bool:
+        _ = exc_tb
+        if exc_type is None:
+            return False
+        if issubclass(exc_type, oracledb.DatabaseError):
+            self.pending_exception = create_mapped_exception(exc_val)
+            return True
+        return False
+
+
+class OracleSyncDriver(OraclePipelineMixin, SyncDriverAdapterBase):
+    """Synchronous Oracle Database driver.
+
+    Provides Oracle Database connectivity with parameter style conversion,
+    error handling, and transaction management.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("_data_dictionary", "_oracle_version", "_pipeline_support", "_pipeline_support_reason")
+    dialect = "oracle"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        connection: OracleSyncConnection,
+        statement_config: "StatementConfig | None" = None,
+        driver_features: "dict[str, Any] | None" = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if statement_config is None:
+            statement_config = default_statement_config.replace(
+                enable_caching=get_cache_config().compiled_cache_enabled
+            )
+
+        super().__init__(connection=connection, statement_config=statement_config, driver_features=driver_features)
+        self._data_dictionary: OracledbSyncDataDictionary | None = None
+        self._pipeline_support: bool | None = None
+        self._pipeline_support_reason: str | None = None
+        self._oracle_version: VersionInfo | None = None
+
+    # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    # CORE DISPATCH METHODS
+    # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    def dispatch_execute(self, cursor: "Cursor", statement: "SQL") -> "ExecutionResult":
+        """Execute single SQL statement with Oracle data handling.
+
+        Args:
+            cursor: Oracle cursor object
+            statement: SQL statement to execute
+
+        Returns:
+            Execution result containing data for SELECT statements or row count for others
+
+        """
+        sql, prepared_parameters = self._get_compiled_sql(statement, self.statement_config)
+
+        prepared_parameters = coerce_large_string_parameters_sync(
+            self.connection, prepared_parameters, lob_type=oracledb.DB_TYPE_CLOB, threshold=LARGE_STRING_THRESHOLD
+        )
+        prepared_parameters = cast("list[Any] | tuple[Any, ...] | dict[Any, Any] | None", prepared_parameters)
+
+        cursor.execute(sql, prepared_parameters or {})
+
+        # SELECT result processing for Oracle
+        if statement.returns_rows():
+            fetched_data = cursor.fetchall()
+            data, column_names = collect_sync_rows(
+                cast("list[Any] | None", fetched_data), cursor.description, self.driver_features
+            )
+
+            return self.create_execution_result(
+                cursor, selected_data=data, column_names=column_names, data_row_count=len(data), is_select_result=True
+            )
+
+        # Non-SELECT result processing
+        affected_rows = resolve_rowcount(cursor)
+        return self.create_execution_result(cursor, rowcount_override=affected_rows)
+
+    def dispatch_execute_many(self, cursor: "Cursor", statement: "SQL") -> "ExecutionResult":
+        """Execute SQL with multiple parameter sets using Oracle batch processing.
+
+        Args:
+            cursor: Oracle cursor object
+            statement: SQL statement with multiple parameter sets
+
+        Returns:
+            Execution result with affected row count
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If no parameters are provided
+
+        """
+        sql, prepared_parameters = self._get_compiled_sql(statement, self.statement_config)
+
+        prepared_parameters = normalize_execute_many_parameters_sync(prepared_parameters)
+        cursor.executemany(sql, prepared_parameters)
+
+        affected_rows = len(prepared_parameters)
+
+        return self.create_execution_result(cursor, rowcount_override=affected_rows, is_many_result=True)
+
+    def dispatch_execute_script(self, cursor: "Cursor", statement: "SQL") -> "ExecutionResult":
+        """Execute SQL script with statement splitting and parameter handling.
+
+        Parameters are embedded as static values for script execution compatibility.
+
+        Args:
+            cursor: Oracle cursor object
+            statement: SQL script statement to execute
+
+        Returns:
+            Execution result containing statement count and success information
+
+        """
+        sql, prepared_parameters = self._get_compiled_sql(statement, self.statement_config)
+        prepared_parameters = cast("list[Any] | tuple[Any, ...] | dict[Any, Any] | None", prepared_parameters)
+        statements = self.split_script_statements(sql, statement.statement_config, strip_trailing_semicolon=True)
+
+        successful_count = 0
+        last_cursor = cursor
+
+        for stmt in statements:
+            cursor.execute(stmt, prepared_parameters or {})
+            successful_count += 1
+
+        return self.create_execution_result(
+            last_cursor, statement_count=len(statements), successful_statements=successful_count, is_script_result=True
+        )
+
+    # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    # TRANSACTION MANAGEMENT
+    # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    def begin(self) -> None:
+        """Begin a database transaction.
+
+        Oracle handles transactions automatically, so this is a no-op.
+        """
+        # Oracle handles transactions implicitly
+
+    def commit(self) -> None:
+        """Commit the current transaction.
+
+        Raises:
+            SQLSpecError: If commit fails
+
+        """
+        try:
+            self.connection.commit()
+        except oracledb.Error as e:
+            msg = f"Failed to commit Oracle transaction: {e}"
+            raise SQLSpecError(msg) from e
+
+    def rollback(self) -> None:
+        """Rollback the current transaction.
+
+        Raises:
+            SQLSpecError: If rollback fails
+
+        """
+        try:
+            self.connection.rollback()
+        except oracledb.Error as e:
+            msg = f"Failed to rollback Oracle transaction: {e}"
+            raise SQLSpecError(msg) from e
+
+    def with_cursor(self, connection: OracleSyncConnection) -> OracleSyncCursor:
+        """Create context manager for Oracle cursor.
+
+        Args:
+            connection: Oracle database connection
+
+        Returns:
+            Context manager for cursor operations
+
+        """
+        return OracleSyncCursor(connection)
+
+    def handle_database_exceptions(self) -> "OracleSyncExceptionHandler":
+        """Handle database-specific exceptions and wrap them appropriately."""
+        return OracleSyncExceptionHandler()
+
+    # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    # ARROW API METHODS
+    # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    def select_to_arrow(
+        self,
+        statement: "Statement | QueryBuilder",
+        /,
+        *parameters: "StatementParameters | StatementFilter",
+        statement_config: "StatementConfig | None" = None,
+        return_format: "ArrowReturnFormat" = "table",
+        native_only: bool = False,
+        batch_size: int | None = None,
+        arrow_schema: Any = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> "Any":
+        """Execute query and return results as Apache Arrow format using Oracle native support.
+
+        This implementation uses Oracle's native execute_df()/fetch_df_all() methods
+        which return OracleDataFrame objects with Arrow PyCapsule interface, providing
+        zero-copy data transfer and 5-10x performance improvement over dict conversion.
+        If native Arrow is unavailable and native_only is False, it falls back to the
+        conversion path.
+
+        Args:
+            statement: SQL query string, Statement, or QueryBuilder
+            *parameters: Query parameters (same format as execute()/select())
+            statement_config: Optional statement configuration override
+            return_format: "table" for pyarrow.Table (default), "batch" for RecordBatch,
+                "batches" for list of RecordBatch, "reader" for RecordBatchReader
+            native_only: If True, raise error if native Arrow is unavailable
+            batch_size: Rows per batch when using "batch" or "batches" format
+            arrow_schema: Optional pyarrow.Schema for type casting
+            **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments
+
+        Returns:
+            ArrowResult containing pyarrow.Table or RecordBatch
+
+        Examples:
+            >>> result = driver.select_to_arrow(
+            ...     "SELECT * FROM users WHERE age > :1", (18,)
+            ... )
+            >>> df = result.to_pandas()
+            >>> print(df.head())
+
+        """
+        ensure_pyarrow()
+
+        import pyarrow as pa
+
+        config = statement_config or self.statement_config
+        prepared_statement = self.prepare_statement(statement, parameters, statement_config=config, kwargs=kwargs)
+        sql, prepared_parameters = self._get_compiled_sql(prepared_statement, config)
+
+        try:
+            oracle_df = self._execute_arrow_dataframe(sql, prepared_parameters, batch_size)
+        except AttributeError as exc:
+            if native_only:
+                msg = "Oracle native Arrow support is not available for this connection."
+                raise ImproperConfigurationError(msg) from exc
+            return super().select_to_arrow(
+                statement,
+                *parameters,
+                statement_config=statement_config,
+                return_format=return_format,
+                native_only=native_only,
+                batch_size=batch_size,
+                arrow_schema=arrow_schema,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+
+        arrow_table = pa.table(oracle_df)
+        column_names = normalize_column_names(arrow_table.column_names, self.driver_features)
+        if column_names != arrow_table.column_names:
+            arrow_table = arrow_table.rename_columns(column_names)
+
+        return build_arrow_result_from_table(
+            prepared_statement,
+            arrow_table,
+            return_format=return_format,
+            batch_size=batch_size,
+            arrow_schema=arrow_schema,
+        )
+
+    # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    # STACK EXECUTION METHODS
+    # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    def execute_stack(self, stack: "StatementStack", *, continue_on_error: bool = False) -> "tuple[StackResult, ...]":
+        """Execute a StatementStack using Oracle's pipeline when available."""
+        if not isinstance(stack, StatementStack) or not stack:
+            return super().execute_stack(stack, continue_on_error=continue_on_error)
+
+        blocker = self._stack_native_blocker(stack)
+        if blocker is not None:
+            self._log_pipeline_skip(blocker, stack)
+            return super().execute_stack(stack, continue_on_error=continue_on_error)
+
+        if not self._pipeline_native_supported():
+            self._log_pipeline_skip(self._pipeline_support_reason or "database_version", stack)
+            return super().execute_stack(stack, continue_on_error=continue_on_error)
+
+        return self._execute_stack_native(stack, continue_on_error=continue_on_error)
+
+    # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    # STORAGE API METHODS
+    # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    def select_to_storage(
+        self,
+        statement: "Statement | QueryBuilder | SQL | str",
+        destination: "StorageDestination",
+        /,
+        *parameters: "StatementParameters | StatementFilter",
+        statement_config: "StatementConfig | None" = None,
+        partitioner: "dict[str, object] | None" = None,
+        format_hint: "StorageFormat | None" = None,
+        telemetry: "StorageTelemetry | None" = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> "StorageBridgeJob":
+        """Execute a query and stream Arrow-formatted output to storage (sync)."""
+        self._require_capability("arrow_export_enabled")
+        arrow_result = self.select_to_arrow(statement, *parameters, statement_config=statement_config, **kwargs)
+        sync_pipeline = self._storage_pipeline()
+        telemetry_payload = self._write_result_to_storage_sync(
+            arrow_result, destination, format_hint=format_hint, pipeline=sync_pipeline
+        )
+        self._attach_partition_telemetry(telemetry_payload, partitioner)
+        return self._create_storage_job(telemetry_payload, telemetry)
+
+    def load_from_arrow(
+        self,
+        table: str,
+        source: "ArrowResult | Any",
+        *,
+        partitioner: "dict[str, object] | None" = None,
+        overwrite: bool = False,
+        telemetry: "StorageTelemetry | None" = None,
+    ) -> "StorageBridgeJob":
+        """Load Arrow data into Oracle using batched executemany calls."""
+        self._require_capability("arrow_import_enabled")
+        arrow_table = self._coerce_arrow_table(source)
+        if overwrite:
+            statement = build_truncate_statement(table)
+            with self.handle_database_exceptions():
+                self.connection.execute(statement)
+        columns, records = self._arrow_table_to_rows(arrow_table)
+        if records:
+            statement = build_insert_statement(table, columns)
+            with self.with_cursor(self.connection) as cursor, self.handle_database_exceptions():
+                cursor.executemany(statement, records)
+        telemetry_payload = self._build_ingest_telemetry(arrow_table)
+        telemetry_payload["destination"] = table
+        self._attach_partition_telemetry(telemetry_payload, partitioner)
+        return self._create_storage_job(telemetry_payload, telemetry)
+
+    def load_from_storage(
+        self,
+        table: str,
+        source: "StorageDestination",
+        *,
+        file_format: "StorageFormat",
+        partitioner: "dict[str, object] | None" = None,
+        overwrite: bool = False,
+    ) -> "StorageBridgeJob":
+        """Load staged artifacts into Oracle."""
+        arrow_table, inbound = self._read_arrow_from_storage_sync(source, file_format=file_format)
+        return self.load_from_arrow(table, arrow_table, partitioner=partitioner, overwrite=overwrite, telemetry=inbound)
+
+    # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    # UTILITY METHODS
+    # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    @property
+    def data_dictionary(self) -> "OracledbSyncDataDictionary":
+        """Get the data dictionary for this driver.
+
+        Returns:
+            Data dictionary instance for metadata queries
+
+        """
+        if self._data_dictionary is None:
+            self._data_dictionary = OracledbSyncDataDictionary()
+        return self._data_dictionary
+
+    # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    # PRIVATE/INTERNAL METHODS
+    # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    def _connection_in_transaction(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if connection is in transaction."""
+        return False
+
+    def _detect_oracle_version(self) -> "VersionInfo | None":
+        if self._oracle_version is not None:
+            return self._oracle_version
+        version = self.data_dictionary.get_version(self)
+        self._oracle_version = version
+        return version
+
+    def _detect_oracledb_version(self) -> "tuple[int, int, int]":
+        return ORACLEDB_VERSION
+
+    def _execute_arrow_dataframe(self, sql: str, parameters: "Any", batch_size: int | None) -> "Any":
+        """Execute SQL and return an Oracle DataFrame."""
+        params = parameters if parameters is not None else []
+        try:
+            execute_df = self.connection.execute_df
+        except AttributeError:
+            execute_df = None
+        if execute_df is not None:
+            try:
+                return execute_df(sql, params, arraysize=batch_size or 1000)
+            except TypeError:
+                return execute_df(sql, params)
+        return self.connection.fetch_df_all(statement=sql, parameters=params, arraysize=batch_size or 1000)
+
+    def _execute_stack_native(self, stack: "StatementStack", *, continue_on_error: bool) -> "tuple[StackResult, ...]":
+        compiled_operations = [self._prepare_pipeline_operation(op) for op in stack.operations]
+        pipeline = oracledb.create_pipeline()
+        for compiled in compiled_operations:
+            self._add_pipeline_operation(pipeline, compiled)
+
+        results: list[StackResult] = []
+        started_transaction = False
+
+        with StackExecutionObserver(self, stack, continue_on_error, native_pipeline=True) as observer:
+            try:
+                if not continue_on_error and not self._connection_in_transaction():
+                    self.begin()
+                    started_transaction = True
+
+                pipeline_results = self.connection.run_pipeline(pipeline, continue_on_error=continue_on_error)
+                results = self._build_stack_results_from_pipeline(
+                    compiled_operations, pipeline_results, continue_on_error, observer
+                )
+
+                if started_transaction:
+                    self.commit()
+            except Exception as exc:
+                if started_transaction:
+                    try:
+                        self.rollback()
+                    except Exception as rollback_error:  # pragma: no cover - diagnostics only
+                        logger.debug("Rollback after pipeline failure failed: %s", rollback_error)
+                raise self._wrap_pipeline_error(exc, stack, continue_on_error) from exc
+
+        return tuple(results)
+
+    def _pipeline_native_supported(self) -> bool:
+        if self._pipeline_support is not None:
+            return self._pipeline_support
+
+        if self.stack_native_disabled:
+            self._pipeline_support = False
+            self._pipeline_support_reason = "env_override"
+            return False
+
+        if self._detect_oracledb_version() < PIPELINE_MIN_DRIVER_VERSION:
+            self._pipeline_support = False
+            self._pipeline_support_reason = "driver_version"
+            return False
+
+        if not has_pipeline_capability(self.connection):
+            self._pipeline_support = False
+            self._pipeline_support_reason = "driver_api_missing"
+            return False
+
+        version_info = self._detect_oracle_version()
+        if version_info and version_info.major >= PIPELINE_MIN_DATABASE_MAJOR:
+            self._pipeline_support = True
+            self._pipeline_support_reason = None
+            return True
+
+        self._pipeline_support = False
+        self._pipeline_support_reason = "database_version"
+        return False
+
+
+class OracleAsyncDriver(OraclePipelineMixin, AsyncDriverAdapterBase):
+    """Asynchronous Oracle Database driver.
+
+    Provides Oracle Database connectivity with parameter style conversion,
+    error handling, and transaction management for async operations.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("_data_dictionary", "_oracle_version", "_pipeline_support", "_pipeline_support_reason")
+    dialect = "oracle"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        connection: OracleAsyncConnection,
+        statement_config: "StatementConfig | None" = None,
+        driver_features: "dict[str, Any] | None" = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if statement_config is None:
+            statement_config = default_statement_config.replace(
+                enable_caching=get_cache_config().compiled_cache_enabled
+            )
+
+        super().__init__(connection=connection, statement_config=statement_config, driver_features=driver_features)
+        self._data_dictionary: OracledbAsyncDataDictionary | None = None
+        self._pipeline_support: bool | None = None
+        self._pipeline_support_reason: str | None = None
+        self._oracle_version: VersionInfo | None = None
+
+    # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    # CORE DISPATCH METHODS
+    # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    async def dispatch_execute(self, cursor: "AsyncCursor", statement: "SQL") -> "ExecutionResult":
+        """Execute single SQL statement with Oracle data handling.
+
+        Args:
+            cursor: Oracle cursor object
+            statement: SQL statement to execute
+
+        Returns:
+            Execution result containing data for SELECT statements or row count for others
+
+        """
+        sql, prepared_parameters = self._get_compiled_sql(statement, self.statement_config)
+
+        prepared_parameters = await coerce_large_string_parameters_async(
+            self.connection, prepared_parameters, lob_type=oracledb.DB_TYPE_CLOB, threshold=LARGE_STRING_THRESHOLD
+        )
+        prepared_parameters = cast("list[Any] | tuple[Any, ...] | dict[Any, Any] | None", prepared_parameters)
+
+        await cursor.execute(sql, prepared_parameters or {})
+
+        # SELECT result processing for Oracle
+        is_select_like = statement.returns_rows() or self._should_force_select(statement, cursor)
+
+        if is_select_like:
+            fetched_data = await cursor.fetchall()
+            data, column_names = await collect_async_rows(
+                cast("list[Any] | None", fetched_data), cursor.description, self.driver_features
+            )
+
+            return self.create_execution_result(
+                cursor, selected_data=data, column_names=column_names, data_row_count=len(data), is_select_result=True
+            )
+
+        # Non-SELECT result processing
+        affected_rows = resolve_rowcount(cursor)
+        return self.create_execution_result(cursor, rowcount_override=affected_rows)
+
+    async def dispatch_execute_many(self, cursor: "AsyncCursor", statement: "SQL") -> "ExecutionResult":
+        """Execute SQL with multiple parameter sets using Oracle batch processing.
+
+        Args:
+            cursor: Oracle cursor object
+            statement: SQL statement with multiple parameter sets
+
+        Returns:
+            Execution result with affected row count
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If no parameters are provided
+
+        """
+        sql, prepared_parameters = self._get_compiled_sql(statement, self.statement_config)
+
+        prepared_parameters = normalize_execute_many_parameters_async(prepared_parameters)
+        await cursor.executemany(sql, prepared_parameters)
+
+        affected_rows = len(prepared_parameters)
+
+        return self.create_execution_result(cursor, rowcount_override=affected_rows, is_many_result=True)
+
+    async def dispatch_execute_script(self, cursor: "AsyncCursor", statement: "SQL") -> "ExecutionResult":
+        """Execute SQL script with statement splitting and parameter handling.
+
+        Parameters are embedded as static values for script execution compatibility.
+
+        Args:
+            cursor: Oracle cursor object
+            statement: SQL script statement to execute
+
+        Returns:
+            Execution result containing statement count and success information
+
+        """
+        sql, prepared_parameters = self._get_compiled_sql(statement, self.statement_config)
+        statements = self.split_script_statements(sql, statement.statement_config, strip_trailing_semicolon=True)
+        script_params = cast("dict[str, Any]", prepared_parameters or {})
+
+        successful_count = 0
+        last_cursor = cursor
+
+        for stmt in statements:
+            await cursor.execute(stmt, script_params)
+            successful_count += 1
+
+        return self.create_execution_result(
+            last_cursor, statement_count=len(statements), successful_statements=successful_count, is_script_result=True
+        )
+
+    # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    # TRANSACTION MANAGEMENT
+    # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    async def begin(self) -> None:
+        """Begin a database transaction.
+
+        Oracle handles transactions automatically, so this is a no-op.
+        """
+        # Oracle handles transactions implicitly
+
+    async def commit(self) -> None:
+        """Commit the current transaction.
+
+        Raises:
+            SQLSpecError: If commit fails
+
+        """
+        try:
+            await self.connection.commit()
+        except oracledb.Error as e:
+            msg = f"Failed to commit Oracle transaction: {e}"
+            raise SQLSpecError(msg) from e
+
+    async def rollback(self) -> None:
+        """Rollback the current transaction.
+
+        Raises:
+            SQLSpecError: If rollback fails
+
+        """
+        try:
+            await self.connection.rollback()
+        except oracledb.Error as e:
+            msg = f"Failed to rollback Oracle transaction: {e}"
+            raise SQLSpecError(msg) from e
+
+    def with_cursor(self, connection: OracleAsyncConnection) -> OracleAsyncCursor:
+        """Create context manager for Oracle cursor.
+
+        Args:
+            connection: Oracle database connection
+
+        Returns:
+            Context manager for cursor operations
+
+        """
+        return OracleAsyncCursor(connection)
+
+    def handle_database_exceptions(self) -> "OracleAsyncExceptionHandler":
+        """Handle database-specific exceptions and wrap them appropriately."""
+        return OracleAsyncExceptionHandler()
+
+    # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    # ARROW API METHODS
+    # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    async def select_to_arrow(
+        self,
+        statement: "Statement | QueryBuilder",
+        /,
+        *parameters: "StatementParameters | StatementFilter",
+        statement_config: "StatementConfig | None" = None,
+        return_format: "ArrowReturnFormat" = "table",
+        native_only: bool = False,
+        batch_size: int | None = None,
+        arrow_schema: Any = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> "Any":
+        """Execute query and return results as Apache Arrow format using Oracle native support.
+
+        This implementation uses Oracle's native execute_df()/fetch_df_all() methods
+        which return OracleDataFrame objects with Arrow PyCapsule interface, providing
+        zero-copy data transfer and 5-10x performance improvement over dict conversion.
+        If native Arrow is unavailable and native_only is False, it falls back to the
+        conversion path.
+
+        Args:
+            statement: SQL query string, Statement, or QueryBuilder
+            *parameters: Query parameters (same format as execute()/select())
+            statement_config: Optional statement configuration override
+            return_format: "table" for pyarrow.Table (default), "batch" for RecordBatch,
+                "batches" for list of RecordBatch, "reader" for RecordBatchReader
+            native_only: If True, raise error if native Arrow is unavailable
+            batch_size: Rows per batch when using "batch" or "batches" format
+            arrow_schema: Optional pyarrow.Schema for type casting
+            **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments
+
+        Returns:
+            ArrowResult containing pyarrow.Table or RecordBatch
+
+        Examples:
+            >>> result = await driver.select_to_arrow(
+            ...     "SELECT * FROM users WHERE age > :1", (18,)
+            ... )
+            >>> df = result.to_pandas()
+            >>> print(df.head())
+
+        """
+        ensure_pyarrow()
+
+        import pyarrow as pa
+
+        config = statement_config or self.statement_config
+        prepared_statement = self.prepare_statement(statement, parameters, statement_config=config, kwargs=kwargs)
+        sql, prepared_parameters = self._get_compiled_sql(prepared_statement, config)
+
+        try:
+            oracle_df = await self._execute_arrow_dataframe(sql, prepared_parameters, batch_size)
+        except AttributeError as exc:
+            if native_only:
+                msg = "Oracle native Arrow support is not available for this connection."
+                raise ImproperConfigurationError(msg) from exc
+            return await super().select_to_arrow(
+                statement,
+                *parameters,
+                statement_config=statement_config,
+                return_format=return_format,
+                native_only=native_only,
+                batch_size=batch_size,
+                arrow_schema=arrow_schema,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+
+        arrow_table = pa.table(oracle_df)
+        column_names = normalize_column_names(arrow_table.column_names, self.driver_features)
+        if column_names != arrow_table.column_names:
+            arrow_table = arrow_table.rename_columns(column_names)
+
+        return build_arrow_result_from_table(
+            prepared_statement,
+            arrow_table,
+            return_format=return_format,
+            batch_size=batch_size,
+            arrow_schema=arrow_schema,
+        )
+
+    # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    # STACK EXECUTION METHODS
+    # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    async def execute_stack(
+        self, stack: "StatementStack", *, continue_on_error: bool = False
+    ) -> "tuple[StackResult, ...]":
+        """Execute a StatementStack using Oracle's pipeline when available."""
+        if not isinstance(stack, StatementStack) or not stack:
+            return await super().execute_stack(stack, continue_on_error=continue_on_error)
+
+        blocker = self._stack_native_blocker(stack)
+        if blocker is not None:
+            self._log_pipeline_skip(blocker, stack)
+            return await super().execute_stack(stack, continue_on_error=continue_on_error)
+
+        if not await self._pipeline_native_supported():
+            self._log_pipeline_skip(self._pipeline_support_reason or "database_version", stack)
+            return await super().execute_stack(stack, continue_on_error=continue_on_error)
+
+        return await self._execute_stack_native(stack, continue_on_error=continue_on_error)
+
+    # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    # STORAGE API METHODS
+    # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    async def select_to_storage(
+        self,
+        statement: "Statement | QueryBuilder | SQL | str",
+        destination: "StorageDestination",
+        /,
+        *parameters: "StatementParameters | StatementFilter",
+        statement_config: "StatementConfig | None" = None,
+        partitioner: "dict[str, object] | None" = None,
+        format_hint: "StorageFormat | None" = None,
+        telemetry: "StorageTelemetry | None" = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> "StorageBridgeJob":
+        """Execute a query and write Arrow-compatible output to storage (async)."""
+        self._require_capability("arrow_export_enabled")
+        arrow_result = await self.select_to_arrow(statement, *parameters, statement_config=statement_config, **kwargs)
+        async_pipeline = self._storage_pipeline()
+        telemetry_payload = await self._write_result_to_storage_async(
+            arrow_result, destination, format_hint=format_hint, pipeline=async_pipeline
+        )
+        self._attach_partition_telemetry(telemetry_payload, partitioner)
+        return self._create_storage_job(telemetry_payload, telemetry)
+
+    async def load_from_arrow(
+        self,
+        table: str,
+        source: "ArrowResult | Any",
+        *,
+        partitioner: "dict[str, object] | None" = None,
+        overwrite: bool = False,
+        telemetry: "StorageTelemetry | None" = None,
+    ) -> "StorageBridgeJob":
+        """Asynchronously load Arrow data into Oracle."""
+        self._require_capability("arrow_import_enabled")
+        arrow_table = self._coerce_arrow_table(source)
+        if overwrite:
+            statement = build_truncate_statement(table)
+            async with self.handle_database_exceptions():
+                await self.connection.execute(statement)
+        columns, records = self._arrow_table_to_rows(arrow_table)
+        if records:
+            statement = build_insert_statement(table, columns)
+            async with self.with_cursor(self.connection) as cursor, self.handle_database_exceptions():
+                await cursor.executemany(statement, records)
+        telemetry_payload = self._build_ingest_telemetry(arrow_table)
+        telemetry_payload["destination"] = table
+        self._attach_partition_telemetry(telemetry_payload, partitioner)
+        return self._create_storage_job(telemetry_payload, telemetry)
+
+    async def load_from_storage(
+        self,
+        table: str,
+        source: "StorageDestination",
+        *,
+        file_format: "StorageFormat",
+        partitioner: "dict[str, object] | None" = None,
+        overwrite: bool = False,
+    ) -> "StorageBridgeJob":
+        """Asynchronously load staged artifacts into Oracle."""
+        arrow_table, inbound = await self._read_arrow_from_storage_async(source, file_format=file_format)
+        return await self.load_from_arrow(
+            table, arrow_table, partitioner=partitioner, overwrite=overwrite, telemetry=inbound
+        )
+
+    # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    # UTILITY METHODS
+    # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    @property
+    def data_dictionary(self) -> "OracledbAsyncDataDictionary":
+        """Get the data dictionary for this driver.
+
+        Returns:
+            Data dictionary instance for metadata queries
+
+        """
+        if self._data_dictionary is None:
+            self._data_dictionary = OracledbAsyncDataDictionary()
+        return self._data_dictionary
+
+    # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    # PRIVATE/INTERNAL METHODS
+    # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    def _connection_in_transaction(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if connection is in transaction."""
+        return False
+
+    async def _detect_oracle_version(self) -> "VersionInfo | None":
+        if self._oracle_version is not None:
+            return self._oracle_version
+        version = await self.data_dictionary.get_version(self)
+        self._oracle_version = version
+        return version
+
+    def _detect_oracledb_version(self) -> "tuple[int, int, int]":
+        return ORACLEDB_VERSION
+
+    async def _execute_arrow_dataframe(self, sql: str, parameters: "Any", batch_size: int | None) -> "Any":
+        """Execute SQL and return an Oracle DataFrame."""
+        params = parameters if parameters is not None else []
+        try:
+            execute_df = self.connection.execute_df
+        except AttributeError:
+            execute_df = None
+        if execute_df is not None:
+            try:
+                return await execute_df(sql, params, arraysize=batch_size or 1000)
+            except TypeError:
+                return await execute_df(sql, params)
+        return await self.connection.fetch_df_all(statement=sql, parameters=params, arraysize=batch_size or 1000)
+
+    async def _execute_stack_native(
+        self, stack: "StatementStack", *, continue_on_error: bool
+    ) -> "tuple[StackResult, ...]":
+        compiled_operations = [self._prepare_pipeline_operation(op) for op in stack.operations]
+        pipeline = oracledb.create_pipeline()
+        for compiled in compiled_operations:
+            self._add_pipeline_operation(pipeline, compiled)
+
+        results: list[StackResult] = []
+        started_transaction = False
+
+        with StackExecutionObserver(self, stack, continue_on_error, native_pipeline=True) as observer:
+            try:
+                if not continue_on_error and not self._connection_in_transaction():
+                    await self.begin()
+                    started_transaction = True
+
+                pipeline_results = await self.connection.run_pipeline(pipeline, continue_on_error=continue_on_error)
+                results = self._build_stack_results_from_pipeline(
+                    compiled_operations, pipeline_results, continue_on_error, observer
+                )
+
+                if started_transaction:
+                    await self.commit()
+            except Exception as exc:
+                if started_transaction:
+                    try:
+                        await self.rollback()
+                    except Exception as rollback_error:  # pragma: no cover - diagnostics only
+                        logger.debug("Rollback after pipeline failure failed: %s", rollback_error)
+                raise self._wrap_pipeline_error(exc, stack, continue_on_error) from exc
+
+        return tuple(results)
+
+    async def _pipeline_native_supported(self) -> bool:
+        if self._pipeline_support is not None:
+            return self._pipeline_support
+
+        if self.stack_native_disabled:
+            self._pipeline_support = False
+            self._pipeline_support_reason = "env_override"
+            return False
+
+        if self._detect_oracledb_version() < PIPELINE_MIN_DRIVER_VERSION:
+            self._pipeline_support = False
+            self._pipeline_support_reason = "driver_version"
+            return False
+
+        if not has_pipeline_capability(self.connection):
+            self._pipeline_support = False
+            self._pipeline_support_reason = "driver_api_missing"
+            return False
+
+        version_info = await self._detect_oracle_version()
+        if version_info and version_info.major >= PIPELINE_MIN_DATABASE_MAJOR:
+            self._pipeline_support = True
+            self._pipeline_support_reason = None
+            return True
+
+        self._pipeline_support = False
+        self._pipeline_support_reason = "database_version"
+        return False
+
+
+register_driver_profile("oracledb", driver_profile)