sqlspec 0.36.0__cp310-cp310-manylinux2014_aarch64.manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl

sqlspec/core/compiler.py

@@ -0,0 +1,954 @@
+"""SQL compilation and caching.
+
+Components:
+- CompiledSQL: Immutable compilation result
+- SQLProcessor: SQL compiler with caching
+- Parameter processing via ParameterProcessor
+"""
+
+import hashlib
+import logging
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Literal
+
+import sqlglot
+from mypy_extensions import mypyc_attr
+from sqlglot import expressions as exp
+from sqlglot.errors import ParseError
+
+import sqlspec.exceptions
+from sqlspec.core.parameters import (
+    ParameterProcessor,
+    ParameterProfile,
+    fingerprint_parameters,
+    validate_parameter_alignment,
+)
+from sqlspec.utils.logging import get_logger, log_with_context
+from sqlspec.utils.type_guards import get_value_attribute
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from sqlspec.core.statement import StatementConfig
+
+
+__all__ = (
+    "CompiledSQL",
+    "OperationProfile",
+    "OperationType",
+    "SQLProcessor",
+    "is_copy_from_operation",
+    "is_copy_operation",
+    "is_copy_to_operation",
+)
+
+logger: "logging.Logger" = get_logger("sqlspec.core.compiler")
+OperationType = Literal[
+    "SELECT",
+    "INSERT",
+    "UPDATE",
+    "DELETE",
+    "COPY",
+    "COPY_FROM",
+    "COPY_TO",
+    "EXECUTE",
+    "SCRIPT",
+    "DDL",
+    "PRAGMA",
+    "MERGE",
+    "UNKNOWN",
+]
+
+OPERATION_TYPE_MAP: "dict[type[exp.Expression], OperationType]" = {
+    exp.Select: "SELECT",
+    exp.Union: "SELECT",
+    exp.Except: "SELECT",
+    exp.Intersect: "SELECT",
+    exp.With: "SELECT",
+    exp.Insert: "INSERT",
+    exp.Update: "UPDATE",
+    exp.Delete: "DELETE",
+    exp.Pragma: "PRAGMA",
+    exp.Command: "EXECUTE",
+    exp.Create: "DDL",
+    exp.Drop: "DDL",
+    exp.Alter: "DDL",
+    exp.Merge: "MERGE",
+}
+
+COPY_OPERATION_TYPES: "tuple[OperationType, ...]" = ("COPY", "COPY_FROM", "COPY_TO")
+
+COPY_FROM_OPERATION_TYPES: "tuple[OperationType, ...]" = ("COPY", "COPY_FROM")
+
+COPY_TO_OPERATION_TYPES: "tuple[OperationType, ...]" = ("COPY_TO",)
+
+ParseCacheEntry = tuple[exp.Expression | None, OperationType, dict[int, str], tuple[bool, bool]]
+
+
+def is_copy_operation(operation_type: "OperationType") -> bool:
+    """Determine if the operation corresponds to any PostgreSQL COPY variant.
+
+    Args:
+        operation_type: Operation type detected by the compiler.
+
+    Returns:
+        True when the operation type represents COPY, COPY FROM, or COPY TO.
+    """
+
+    return operation_type in COPY_OPERATION_TYPES
+
+
+def is_copy_from_operation(operation_type: "OperationType") -> bool:
+    """Check if the operation streams data into the database using COPY.
+
+    Args:
+        operation_type: Operation type detected by the compiler.
+
+    Returns:
+        True for COPY operations that read from client input (COPY FROM).
+    """
+
+    return operation_type in COPY_FROM_OPERATION_TYPES
+
+
+def is_copy_to_operation(operation_type: "OperationType") -> bool:
+    """Check if the operation streams data out from the database using COPY.
+
+    Args:
+        operation_type: Operation type detected by the compiler.
+
+    Returns:
+        True for COPY operations that write to client output (COPY TO).
+    """
+
+    return operation_type in COPY_TO_OPERATION_TYPES
+
+
+def _assign_placeholder_position(
+    placeholder: "exp.Placeholder", placeholder_positions: "dict[str, int]", placeholder_counter: "list[int]"
+) -> "int | None":
+    name_expr = placeholder.name if placeholder.name is not None else None
+    if name_expr is not None:
+        placeholder_key = str(name_expr)
+    else:
+        value = placeholder.args.get("this")
+        placeholder_key = str(value) if value is not None else placeholder.sql()
+
+    if not placeholder_key:
+        return None
+
+    if placeholder_key not in placeholder_positions:
+        placeholder_counter[0] += 1
+        placeholder_positions[placeholder_key] = placeholder_counter[0]
+
+    return placeholder_positions[placeholder_key]
+
+
+@mypyc_attr(allow_interpreted_subclasses=False)
+class OperationProfile:
+    """Semantic characteristics derived from the parsed SQL expression."""
+
+    __slots__ = ("modifies_rows", "returns_rows")
+
+    def __init__(self, returns_rows: bool = False, modifies_rows: bool = False) -> None:
+        self.returns_rows = returns_rows
+        self.modifies_rows = modifies_rows
+
+    @classmethod
+    def empty(cls) -> "OperationProfile":
+        return cls(returns_rows=False, modifies_rows=False)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"OperationProfile(returns_rows={self.returns_rows!r}, modifies_rows={self.modifies_rows!r})"
+
+
+def _is_effectively_empty_parameters(value: Any) -> bool:
+    if value is None:
+        return True
+    if isinstance(value, Mapping):
+        return len(value) == 0
+    if isinstance(value, (list, tuple, set, frozenset)):
+        return len(value) == 0
+    return False
+
+
+@mypyc_attr(allow_interpreted_subclasses=False)
+class CompiledSQL:
+    """Compiled SQL result.
+
+    Contains the result of SQL compilation with information needed for execution.
+    Immutable container holding compiled SQL text, processed parameters, operation
+    type, and execution metadata.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = (
+        "_hash",
+        "compiled_sql",
+        "execution_parameters",
+        "expression",
+        "operation_profile",
+        "operation_type",
+        "parameter_casts",
+        "parameter_profile",
+        "parameter_style",
+        "supports_many",
+    )
+
+    operation_type: "OperationType"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        compiled_sql: str,
+        execution_parameters: Any,
+        operation_type: "OperationType",
+        expression: "exp.Expression | None" = None,
+        parameter_style: str | None = None,
+        supports_many: bool = False,
+        parameter_casts: "dict[int, str] | None" = None,
+        parameter_profile: "ParameterProfile | None" = None,
+        operation_profile: "OperationProfile | None" = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Initialize compiled result.
+
+        Args:
+            compiled_sql: SQL string ready for execution
+            execution_parameters: Parameters in driver-specific format
+            operation_type: SQL operation type (SELECT, INSERT, etc.)
+            expression: SQLGlot AST expression
+            parameter_style: Parameter style used in compilation
+            supports_many: Whether this supports execute_many operations
+            parameter_casts: Mapping of parameter positions to cast types
+            parameter_profile: Profile describing detected placeholders
+            operation_profile: Profile describing semantic characteristics
+        """
+        self.compiled_sql = compiled_sql
+        self.execution_parameters = execution_parameters
+        self.operation_type = operation_type
+        self.expression = expression
+        self.parameter_style = parameter_style
+        self.supports_many = supports_many
+        self.parameter_casts = parameter_casts or {}
+        self.parameter_profile = parameter_profile
+        self.operation_profile = operation_profile or OperationProfile.empty()
+        self._hash: int | None = None
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        """Cached hash value."""
+        if self._hash is None:
+            param_str = str(self.execution_parameters)
+            self._hash = hash((self.compiled_sql, param_str, self.operation_type, self.parameter_style))
+        return self._hash
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        """Equality comparison."""
+        if not isinstance(other, CompiledSQL):
+            return False
+        return (
+            self.compiled_sql == other.compiled_sql
+            and self.execution_parameters == other.execution_parameters
+            and self.operation_type == other.operation_type
+            and self.parameter_style == other.parameter_style
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        """String representation."""
+        return (
+            f"CompiledSQL(sql={self.compiled_sql!r}, "
+            f"params={self.execution_parameters!r}, "
+            f"type={self.operation_type!r})"
+        )
+
+
+@mypyc_attr(allow_interpreted_subclasses=False)
+class SQLProcessor:
+    """SQL processor with compilation and caching.
+
+    Processes SQL statements by compiling them into executable format with
+    parameter substitution. Includes LRU-style caching for compilation results
+    to avoid re-processing identical statements.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = (
+        "_cache",
+        "_cache_enabled",
+        "_cache_hits",
+        "_cache_misses",
+        "_config",
+        "_max_cache_size",
+        "_parameter_processor",
+        "_parse_cache",
+        "_parse_cache_hits",
+        "_parse_cache_max_size",
+        "_parse_cache_misses",
+    )
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        config: "StatementConfig",
+        max_cache_size: int = 1000,
+        parse_cache_size: int | None = None,
+        parameter_cache_size: int | None = None,
+        validator_cache_size: int | None = None,
+        cache_enabled: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Initialize processor.
+
+        Args:
+            config: Statement configuration
+            max_cache_size: Maximum number of compilation results to cache
+            parse_cache_size: Maximum number of parsed expressions to cache
+            parameter_cache_size: Maximum parameter conversion cache entries
+            validator_cache_size: Maximum cached parameter metadata entries
+            cache_enabled: Toggle compiled SQL caching (parse/parameter caches remain size-driven)
+        """
+        self._config = config
+        self._cache: OrderedDict[str, CompiledSQL] = OrderedDict()
+        self._max_cache_size = max(max_cache_size, 0)
+        compiled_cache_active = cache_enabled and config.enable_caching and self._max_cache_size > 0
+        self._cache_enabled = compiled_cache_active
+        parse_cache_max_size = self._max_cache_size if parse_cache_size is None else parse_cache_size
+        self._parse_cache_max_size = max(parse_cache_max_size, 0)
+        if not config.enable_caching:
+            self._parse_cache_max_size = 0
+        parameter_cache = parameter_cache_size if parameter_cache_size is not None else self._parse_cache_max_size
+        validator_cache = validator_cache_size if validator_cache_size is not None else parameter_cache
+        if not config.enable_caching:
+            parameter_cache = 0
+            validator_cache = 0
+        self._parameter_processor = ParameterProcessor(
+            converter=config.parameter_converter,
+            validator=config.parameter_validator,
+            cache_max_size=parameter_cache,
+            validator_cache_max_size=validator_cache,
+        )
+        self._cache_hits = 0
+        self._cache_misses = 0
+        self._parse_cache: OrderedDict[
+            str, tuple[exp.Expression | None, OperationType, dict[int, str], tuple[bool, bool]]
+        ] = OrderedDict()
+        self._parse_cache_hits = 0
+        self._parse_cache_misses = 0
+
+    def compile(
+        self, sql: str, parameters: Any = None, is_many: bool = False, expression: "exp.Expression | None" = None
+    ) -> CompiledSQL:
+        """Compile SQL statement.
+
+        Args:
+            sql: SQL string for compilation
+            parameters: Parameter values for substitution
+            is_many: Whether this is for execute_many operation
+            expression: Pre-parsed SQLGlot expression to reuse
+
+        Returns:
+            CompiledSQL with execution information
+        """
+        if not self._config.enable_caching or not self._cache_enabled:
+            return self._compile_uncached(sql, parameters, is_many, expression)
+
+        cache_key = self._make_cache_key(sql, parameters, is_many)
+
+        if cache_key in self._cache:
+            result = self._cache[cache_key]
+            del self._cache[cache_key]
+            self._cache[cache_key] = result
+            self._cache_hits += 1
+            return result
+
+        self._cache_misses += 1
+        result = self._compile_uncached(sql, parameters, is_many, expression)
+
+        if len(self._cache) >= self._max_cache_size:
+            self._cache.popitem(last=False)
+
+        self._cache[cache_key] = result
+        return result
+
+    def _prepare_parameters(
+        self, sql: str, parameters: Any, is_many: bool, dialect_str: "str | None"
+    ) -> "tuple[str, Any, ParameterProfile, str]":
+        """Process SQL parameters for compilation.
+
+        Args:
+            sql: SQL string.
+            parameters: Raw parameters.
+            is_many: Whether this is for execute_many.
+            dialect_str: Dialect name.
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple of processed SQL, processed parameters, parameter profile, and SQLGlot SQL.
+        """
+        process_result = self._parameter_processor.process(
+            sql=sql,
+            parameters=parameters,
+            config=self._config.parameter_config,
+            dialect=dialect_str,
+            is_many=is_many,
+            wrap_types=self._config.enable_parameter_type_wrapping,
+        )
+        return (
+            process_result.sql,
+            process_result.parameters,
+            process_result.parameter_profile,
+            process_result.sqlglot_sql,
+        )
+
+    def _normalize_expression_override(
+        self, expression_override: "exp.Expression | None", sqlglot_sql: str, sql: str
+    ) -> "exp.Expression | None":
+        """Validate expression overrides against the input SQL.
+
+        Args:
+            expression_override: Pre-parsed SQLGlot expression.
+            sqlglot_sql: SQL passed to SQLGlot.
+            sql: Original SQL string.
+
+        Returns:
+            Expression override when it is safe to reuse.
+        """
+        if expression_override is None:
+            return None
+        if sqlglot_sql != sql:
+            return None
+        return expression_override
+
+    def _parse_expression_uncached(
+        self, sqlglot_sql: str, dialect_str: "str | None", expression_override: "exp.Expression | None"
+    ) -> "tuple[exp.Expression | None, OperationType, dict[int, str], OperationProfile]":
+        """Parse SQL into an expression without cache.
+
+        Args:
+            sqlglot_sql: SQL string for SQLGlot.
+            dialect_str: Dialect name.
+            expression_override: Pre-parsed SQLGlot expression.
+
+        Returns:
+            Expression details and derived metadata.
+        """
+        try:
+            if expression_override is not None:
+                expression = expression_override
+            else:
+                expression = sqlglot.parse_one(sqlglot_sql, dialect=dialect_str)
+        except ParseError:
+            return None, "EXECUTE", {}, OperationProfile.empty()
+        else:
+            operation_type = self._detect_operation_type(expression)
+            parameter_casts = self._detect_parameter_casts(expression)
+            operation_profile = self._build_operation_profile(expression, operation_type)
+            return expression, operation_type, parameter_casts, operation_profile
+
+    def _store_parse_cache(
+        self,
+        parse_cache_key: str,
+        expression: "exp.Expression | None",
+        operation_type: "OperationType",
+        parameter_casts: "dict[int, str]",
+        operation_profile: "OperationProfile",
+    ) -> None:
+        """Store parsed expression details in cache.
+
+        Args:
+            parse_cache_key: Cache key for the parsed SQL.
+            expression: Parsed SQLGlot expression.
+            operation_type: Detected operation type.
+            parameter_casts: Parameter cast mappings.
+            operation_profile: Operation metadata.
+        """
+        if len(self._parse_cache) >= self._parse_cache_max_size:
+            self._parse_cache.popitem(last=False)
+        cache_expression = expression.copy() if expression is not None else None
+        self._parse_cache[parse_cache_key] = (
+            cache_expression,
+            operation_type,
+            parameter_casts,
+            (operation_profile.returns_rows, operation_profile.modifies_rows),
+        )
+
+    def _unpack_parse_cache_entry(
+        self, parse_cache_entry: "ParseCacheEntry"
+    ) -> "tuple[exp.Expression | None, OperationType, dict[int, str], OperationProfile]":
+        """Expand cached parse results into runtime objects.
+
+        Args:
+            parse_cache_entry: Cached parse entry.
+
+        Returns:
+            Parsed expression metadata.
+        """
+        cached_expression, cached_operation, cached_casts, cached_profile = parse_cache_entry
+        expression = cached_expression.copy() if cached_expression is not None else None
+        operation_profile = OperationProfile(returns_rows=cached_profile[0], modifies_rows=cached_profile[1])
+        return expression, cached_operation, dict(cached_casts), operation_profile
+
+    def _resolve_expression(
+        self, sqlglot_sql: str, dialect_str: "str | None", expression_override: "exp.Expression | None"
+    ) -> "tuple[exp.Expression | None, OperationType, dict[int, str], OperationProfile, str | None, ParseCacheEntry | None]":
+        """Resolve an SQLGlot expression with caching.
+
+        Args:
+            sqlglot_sql: SQL string for SQLGlot.
+            dialect_str: Dialect name.
+            expression_override: Pre-parsed SQLGlot expression.
+
+        Returns:
+            Expression metadata and parse cache information.
+        """
+        parse_cache_key = None
+        parse_cache_entry = None
+        if self._config.enable_caching and self._parse_cache_max_size > 0:
+            parse_cache_key = self._make_parse_cache_key(sqlglot_sql, dialect_str)
+            parse_cache_entry = self._parse_cache.get(parse_cache_key)
+            if parse_cache_entry is not None:
+                self._parse_cache_hits += 1
+                self._parse_cache.move_to_end(parse_cache_key)
+        if parse_cache_entry is None:
+            self._parse_cache_misses += 1
+            expression, operation_type, parameter_casts, operation_profile = self._parse_expression_uncached(
+                sqlglot_sql, dialect_str, expression_override
+            )
+            if parse_cache_key is not None:
+                self._store_parse_cache(parse_cache_key, expression, operation_type, parameter_casts, operation_profile)
+        else:
+            expression, operation_type, parameter_casts, operation_profile = self._unpack_parse_cache_entry(
+                parse_cache_entry
+            )
+        return expression, operation_type, parameter_casts, operation_profile, parse_cache_key, parse_cache_entry
+
+    def _apply_ast_transformers(
+        self,
+        expression: "exp.Expression | None",
+        parameters: Any,
+        parameter_profile: "ParameterProfile",
+        operation_type: "OperationType",
+        parameter_casts: "dict[int, str]",
+        operation_profile: "OperationProfile",
+        parse_cache_key: "str | None",
+        parse_cache_entry: "ParseCacheEntry | None",
+        expression_override: "exp.Expression | None",
+    ) -> "tuple[exp.Expression | None, Any, bool, OperationType, dict[int, str], OperationProfile]":
+        """Apply AST transformers and update metadata.
+
+        Args:
+            expression: SQLGlot expression to transform.
+            parameters: Execution parameters.
+            parameter_profile: Parameter profile metadata.
+            operation_type: Current operation type.
+            parameter_casts: Current parameter cast mapping.
+            operation_profile: Current operation profile.
+            parse_cache_key: Parse cache key when used.
+            parse_cache_entry: Cached parse entry when available.
+            expression_override: Expression override reference.
+
+        Returns:
+            Updated expression metadata and transformation state.
+        """
+        statement_transformers = self._config.statement_transformers
+        ast_transformer = self._config.parameter_config.ast_transformer
+        if expression is None or (not statement_transformers and not ast_transformer):
+            return expression, parameters, False, operation_type, parameter_casts, operation_profile
+
+        should_copy = False
+        if parse_cache_key is not None and parse_cache_entry is None:
+            should_copy = True
+        if expression_override is not None and expression is expression_override:
+            should_copy = True
+        if should_copy:
+            expression = expression.copy()
+
+        ast_was_transformed = False
+        if statement_transformers:
+            for transformer in statement_transformers:
+                expression, parameters = transformer(expression, parameters)
+            ast_was_transformed = True
+        if ast_transformer:
+            expression, parameters = ast_transformer(expression, parameters, parameter_profile)
+            ast_was_transformed = True
+        if ast_was_transformed:
+            if expression is None:
+                return expression, parameters, ast_was_transformed, operation_type, parameter_casts, operation_profile
+            operation_type = self._detect_operation_type(expression)
+            parameter_casts = self._detect_parameter_casts(expression)
+            operation_profile = self._build_operation_profile(expression, operation_type)
+
+        return expression, parameters, ast_was_transformed, operation_type, parameter_casts, operation_profile
+
+    def _finalize_compilation(
+        self,
+        processed_sql: str,
+        processed_params: Any,
+        expression: "exp.Expression | None",
+        parameters: Any,
+        parameter_profile: "ParameterProfile",
+        is_many: bool,
+        dialect_str: "str | None",
+        ast_was_transformed: bool,
+    ) -> "tuple[str, Any, ParameterProfile]":
+        """Finalize SQL and parameter conversion for execution.
+
+        Args:
+            processed_sql: SQL after parameter processing.
+            processed_params: Parameters after initial processing.
+            expression: SQLGlot expression if available.
+            parameters: Parameters to compile for execution.
+            parameter_profile: Parameter profile metadata.
+            is_many: Whether this is for execute_many.
+            dialect_str: Dialect name.
+            ast_was_transformed: Whether AST transformations ran.
+
+        Returns:
+            Final SQL, execution parameters, and parameter profile.
+        """
+        if self._config.parameter_config.needs_static_script_compilation and processed_params is None:
+            return processed_sql, processed_params, parameter_profile
+        if ast_was_transformed and expression is not None:
+            transformed_result = self._parameter_processor.process_for_execution(
+                sql=expression.sql(dialect=dialect_str),
+                parameters=parameters,
+                config=self._config.parameter_config,
+                dialect=dialect_str,
+                is_many=is_many,
+                wrap_types=self._config.enable_parameter_type_wrapping,
+            )
+            final_sql = transformed_result.sql
+            final_params = transformed_result.parameters
+            parameter_profile = transformed_result.parameter_profile
+            output_transformer = self._config.output_transformer
+            if output_transformer:
+                final_sql, final_params = output_transformer(final_sql, final_params)
+            return final_sql, final_params, parameter_profile
+
+        final_sql, final_params = self._apply_final_transformations(expression, processed_sql, parameters, dialect_str)
+        return final_sql, final_params, parameter_profile
+
+    def _should_validate_parameters(self, final_params: Any, raw_parameters: Any, is_many: bool) -> bool:
+        """Determine if parameter alignment should be validated.
+
+        Args:
+            final_params: Parameters after compilation.
+            raw_parameters: Original parameters.
+            is_many: Whether this is for execute_many.
+
+        Returns:
+            True when validation should run.
+        """
+        if not self._config.enable_validation:
+            return False
+        return not (
+            _is_effectively_empty_parameters(final_params)
+            and _is_effectively_empty_parameters(raw_parameters)
+            and not is_many
+        )
+
+    def _validate_parameters(self, parameter_profile: "ParameterProfile", final_params: Any, is_many: bool) -> None:
+        """Validate parameter alignment and log failures.
+
+        Args:
+            parameter_profile: Parameter metadata.
+            final_params: Execution parameters.
+            is_many: Whether this is for execute_many.
+
+        Raises:
+            Exception: Re-raises validation errors from parameter alignment.
+        """
+        try:
+            validate_parameter_alignment(parameter_profile, final_params, is_many=is_many)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            log_with_context(logger, logging.ERROR, "sql.validate", error_type=type(exc).__name__)
+            raise
+
+    def _compile_uncached(
+        self, sql: str, parameters: Any, is_many: bool = False, expression_override: "exp.Expression | None" = None
+    ) -> CompiledSQL:
+        """Compile SQL without caching.
+
+        Args:
+            sql: SQL string
+            parameters: Parameter values
+            is_many: Whether this is for execute_many operation
+            expression_override: Pre-parsed SQLGlot expression to reuse
+
+        Returns:
+            CompiledSQL result
+        """
+        parameter_profile = ParameterProfile.empty()
+        operation_profile = OperationProfile.empty()
+
+        try:
+            dialect_str = str(self._config.dialect) if self._config.dialect else None
+            processed_sql, processed_params, parameter_profile, sqlglot_sql = self._prepare_parameters(
+                sql, parameters, is_many, dialect_str
+            )
+            expression_override = self._normalize_expression_override(expression_override, sqlglot_sql, sql)
+
+            final_parameters = processed_params
+            ast_was_transformed = False
+            expression = None
+            operation_type: OperationType = "EXECUTE"
+            parameter_casts: dict[int, str] = {}
+            parse_cache_key = None
+            parse_cache_entry = None
+
+            if self._config.enable_parsing:
+                (expression, operation_type, parameter_casts, operation_profile, parse_cache_key, parse_cache_entry) = (
+                    self._resolve_expression(sqlglot_sql, dialect_str, expression_override)
+                )
+                (
+                    expression,
+                    final_parameters,
+                    ast_was_transformed,
+                    operation_type,
+                    parameter_casts,
+                    operation_profile,
+                ) = self._apply_ast_transformers(
+                    expression,
+                    final_parameters,
+                    parameter_profile,
+                    operation_type,
+                    parameter_casts,
+                    operation_profile,
+                    parse_cache_key,
+                    parse_cache_entry,
+                    expression_override,
+                )
+
+            final_sql, final_params, parameter_profile = self._finalize_compilation(
+                processed_sql,
+                processed_params,
+                expression,
+                final_parameters,
+                parameter_profile,
+                is_many,
+                dialect_str,
+                ast_was_transformed,
+            )
+
+            if self._should_validate_parameters(final_params, parameters, is_many):
+                self._validate_parameters(parameter_profile, final_params, is_many)
+
+            return CompiledSQL(
+                compiled_sql=final_sql,
+                execution_parameters=final_params,
+                operation_type=operation_type,
+                expression=expression,
+                parameter_style=self._config.parameter_config.default_parameter_style.value,
+                supports_many=isinstance(final_params, list) and len(final_params) > 0,
+                parameter_casts=parameter_casts,
+                parameter_profile=parameter_profile,
+                operation_profile=operation_profile,
+            )
+
+        except sqlspec.exceptions.SQLSpecError:
+            raise
+        except Exception as exc:
+            log_with_context(logger, logging.DEBUG, "sql.compile", error_type=type(exc).__name__, status="fallback")
+            return CompiledSQL(
+                compiled_sql=sql,
+                execution_parameters=parameters,
+                operation_type="UNKNOWN",
+                parameter_casts={},
+                parameter_profile=parameter_profile,
+                operation_profile=operation_profile,
+            )
+
+    def _make_cache_key(self, sql: str, parameters: Any, is_many: bool = False) -> str:
+        """Generate cache key.
+
+        Args:
+            sql: SQL string
+            parameters: Parameter values
+            is_many: Whether this is for execute_many operation
+
+        Returns:
+            Cache key string
+        """
+
+        param_fingerprint = fingerprint_parameters(parameters)
+        dialect_str = str(self._config.dialect) if self._config.dialect else None
+        param_style = self._config.parameter_config.default_parameter_style.value
+
+        hash_data = (
+            sql,
+            param_fingerprint,
+            param_style,
+            dialect_str,
+            self._config.enable_parsing,
+            self._config.enable_transformations,
+            is_many,
+        )
+
+        hash_str = hashlib.blake2b(repr(hash_data).encode("utf-8"), digest_size=8).hexdigest()
+        return f"sql_{hash_str}"
+
+    def _detect_operation_type(self, expression: "exp.Expression") -> "OperationType":
+        """Detect operation type from AST.
+
+        Args:
+            expression: AST expression
+
+        Returns:
+            Operation type literal
+        """
+
+        expr_type = type(expression)
+        if expr_type in OPERATION_TYPE_MAP:
+            return OPERATION_TYPE_MAP[expr_type]  # pyright: ignore
+
+        if isinstance(expression, exp.Copy):
+            copy_kind = expression.args.get("kind")
+            if copy_kind is True:
+                return "COPY_FROM"
+            if copy_kind is False:
+                return "COPY_TO"
+            return "COPY"
+
+        return "UNKNOWN"
+
+    def _detect_parameter_casts(self, expression: "exp.Expression | None") -> "dict[int, str]":
+        """Detect explicit type casts on parameters in the AST.
+
+        Args:
+            expression: SQLGlot AST expression to analyze
+
+        Returns:
+            Dict mapping parameter positions (1-based) to cast type names
+        """
+        if not expression:
+            return {}
+
+        cast_positions: dict[int, str] = {}
+        placeholder_positions: dict[str, int] = {}
+        placeholder_counter = [0]
+
+        # Walk all nodes in order to track parameter positions
+        for node in expression.walk():
+            if isinstance(node, exp.Placeholder):
+                _assign_placeholder_position(node, placeholder_positions, placeholder_counter)
+            # Check for cast nodes with parameter children
+            if isinstance(node, exp.Cast):
+                cast_target = node.this
+                position = None
+
+                if isinstance(cast_target, exp.Parameter):
+                    # Handle $1, $2 style parameters
+                    param_value = cast_target.this
+                    if isinstance(param_value, exp.Literal):
+                        position = int(param_value.this)
+                elif isinstance(cast_target, exp.Placeholder):
+                    position = _assign_placeholder_position(cast_target, placeholder_positions, placeholder_counter)
+                elif isinstance(cast_target, exp.Column):
+                    # Handle cases where $1 gets parsed as a column
+                    column_name = str(cast_target.this) if cast_target.this else str(cast_target)
+                    if column_name.startswith("$") and column_name[1:].isdigit():
+                        position = int(column_name[1:])
+
+                if position is not None:
+                    # Extract cast type
+                    if isinstance(node.to, exp.DataType):
+                        cast_type = str(get_value_attribute(node.to.this))
+                    else:
+                        cast_type = str(node.to)
+                    cast_positions[position] = cast_type.upper()
+
+        return cast_positions
+
+    def _apply_final_transformations(
+        self, expression: "exp.Expression | None", sql: str, parameters: Any, dialect_str: "str | None"
+    ) -> "tuple[str, Any]":
+        """Apply final transformations.
+
+        Args:
+            expression: SQLGlot AST expression
+            sql: SQL string
+            parameters: Execution parameters
+            dialect_str: SQL dialect
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple of (final_sql, final_parameters)
+        """
+        output_transformer = self._config.output_transformer
+        if output_transformer:
+            if expression is not None:
+                ast_sql = expression.sql(dialect=dialect_str)
+                return output_transformer(ast_sql, parameters)
+            return output_transformer(sql, parameters)
+
+        return sql, parameters
+
+    def _build_operation_profile(
+        self, expression: "exp.Expression | None", operation_type: "OperationType"
+    ) -> "OperationProfile":
+        if expression is None:
+            return OperationProfile.empty()
+
+        returns_rows = False
+        modifies_rows = False
+
+        expr = expression
+        if isinstance(
+            expr, (exp.Select, exp.Union, exp.Except, exp.Intersect, exp.Values, exp.Table, exp.TableSample, exp.With)
+        ):
+            returns_rows = True
+        elif isinstance(expr, (exp.Insert, exp.Update, exp.Delete, exp.Merge)):
+            modifies_rows = True
+            returns_rows = bool(expr.args.get("returning"))
+        elif isinstance(expr, exp.Copy):
+            copy_kind = expr.args.get("kind")
+            modifies_rows = copy_kind is True
+            returns_rows = copy_kind is False
+
+        if not returns_rows and operation_type in {"SELECT", "WITH", "VALUES", "TABLE"}:
+            returns_rows = True
+
+        if not modifies_rows and operation_type in {"INSERT", "UPDATE", "DELETE", "MERGE"}:
+            modifies_rows = True
+
+        return OperationProfile(returns_rows=returns_rows, modifies_rows=modifies_rows)
+
+    def clear_cache(self) -> None:
+        """Clear compilation cache and reset statistics."""
+        self._cache.clear()
+        self._cache_hits = 0
+        self._cache_misses = 0
+        self._parse_cache.clear()
+        self._parse_cache_hits = 0
+        self._parse_cache_misses = 0
+        self._parameter_processor.clear_cache()
+
+    def _make_parse_cache_key(self, sql: str, dialect: "str | None") -> str:
+        dialect_marker = dialect or "default"
+        hash_str = hashlib.sha256(f"{dialect_marker}:{sql}".encode()).hexdigest()[:16]
+        return f"parse_{hash_str}"
+
+    @property
+    def cache_stats(self) -> "dict[str, int]":
+        """Get cache statistics.
+
+        Returns:
+            Dictionary with cache statistics
+        """
+        total_requests = self._cache_hits + self._cache_misses
+        hit_rate_pct = int((self._cache_hits / total_requests) * 100) if total_requests > 0 else 0
+        parse_total = self._parse_cache_hits + self._parse_cache_misses
+        parse_hit_rate_pct = int((self._parse_cache_hits / parse_total) * 100) if parse_total > 0 else 0
+        parameter_stats = self._parameter_processor.cache_stats()
+
+        return {
+            "hits": self._cache_hits,
+            "misses": self._cache_misses,
+            "size": len(self._cache),
+            "max_size": self._max_cache_size,
+            "hit_rate_percent": hit_rate_pct,
+            "parse_hits": self._parse_cache_hits,
+            "parse_misses": self._parse_cache_misses,
+            "parse_size": len(self._parse_cache),
+            "parse_max_size": self._parse_cache_max_size,
+            "parse_hit_rate_percent": parse_hit_rate_pct,
+            "parameter_hits": parameter_stats["hits"],
+            "parameter_misses": parameter_stats["misses"],
+            "parameter_size": parameter_stats["size"],
+            "parameter_max_size": parameter_stats["max_size"],
+            "validator_hits": parameter_stats["validator_hits"],
+            "validator_misses": parameter_stats["validator_misses"],
+            "validator_size": parameter_stats["validator_size"],
+            "validator_max_size": parameter_stats["validator_max_size"],
+        }