passagemath-schemes 10.8.1a4__cp314-cp314t-macosx_13_0_arm64.whl

sage/schemes/hyperelliptic_curves/hyperelliptic_rational_field.py

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-schemes
+"""
+Hyperelliptic curves over the rationals
+"""
+#*****************************************************************************
+#  Copyright (C) 2006 David Kohel <kohel@maths.usyd.edu>
+#  Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL)
+#                  http://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+#*****************************************************************************
+
+import sage.rings.abc
+
+from sage.misc.lazy_import import lazy_import
+from sage.schemes.curves.projective_curve import ProjectivePlaneCurve_field
+
+lazy_import('sage.rings.padics.factory', 'Qp', as_='pAdicField')
+
+from . import hyperelliptic_generic
+
+
+class HyperellipticCurve_rational_field(hyperelliptic_generic.HyperellipticCurve_generic,
+                                        ProjectivePlaneCurve_field):
+
+    def matrix_of_frobenius(self, p, prec=20):
+        """
+        Compute the matrix of Frobenius on Monsky-Washnitzer cohomology using
+        the `p`-adic field with precision ``prec``.
+
+        This function is essentially a wrapper function of
+        :meth:`sage.schemes.hyperelliptic_curves.monsky_washnitzer.matrix_of_frobenius_hyperelliptic`.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``p`` -- prime integer or pAdic ring / field; if ``p`` is an integer,
+          constructs a ``pAdicField`` with ``p`` to compute the matrix of
+          Frobenius, otherwise uses the supplied pAdic ring or field
+
+        - ``prec`` -- (optional) if ``p`` is an prime integer, the `p`-adic
+          precision of the coefficient ring constructed
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: K = pAdicField(5, prec=3)
+            sage: R.<x> = QQ['x']
+            sage: H = HyperellipticCurve(x^5 - 2*x + 3)
+            sage: H.matrix_of_frobenius(K)
+            [            4*5 + O(5^3)       5 + 2*5^2 + O(5^3) 2 + 3*5 + 2*5^2 + O(5^3)     2 + 5 + 5^2 + O(5^3)]
+            [      3*5 + 5^2 + O(5^3)             3*5 + O(5^3)             4*5 + O(5^3)         2 + 5^2 + O(5^3)]
+            [    4*5 + 4*5^2 + O(5^3)     3*5 + 2*5^2 + O(5^3)       5 + 3*5^2 + O(5^3)     2*5 + 2*5^2 + O(5^3)]
+            [            5^2 + O(5^3)       5 + 4*5^2 + O(5^3)     4*5 + 3*5^2 + O(5^3)             2*5 + O(5^3)]
+
+        You can also pass directly a prime `p` with to construct a pAdic field with precision
+        ``prec``::
+
+            sage: H.matrix_of_frobenius(3, prec=2)
+            [        O(3^2)     3 + O(3^2)         O(3^2)         O(3^2)]
+            [    3 + O(3^2)         O(3^2)         O(3^2) 2 + 3 + O(3^2)]
+            [  2*3 + O(3^2)         O(3^2)         O(3^2)    3^-1 + O(3)]
+            [        O(3^2)         O(3^2)     3 + O(3^2)         O(3^2)]
+        """
+        import sage.schemes.hyperelliptic_curves.monsky_washnitzer as monsky_washnitzer
+        if isinstance(p, (sage.rings.abc.pAdicField, sage.rings.abc.pAdicRing)):
+            K = p
+        else:
+            K = pAdicField(p, prec)
+        frob_p, _ = monsky_washnitzer.matrix_of_frobenius_hyperelliptic(self.change_ring(K))
+        return frob_p
+
+    def lseries(self, prec=53):
+        """
+        Return the `L`-series of this hyperelliptic curve of genus 2.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: x = polygen(QQ, 'x')
+            sage: C = HyperellipticCurve(x^2+x, x^3+x^2+1)
+            sage: C.lseries()
+            PARI L-function associated to Hyperelliptic Curve
+            over Rational Field defined by y^2 + (x^3 + x^2 + 1)*y = x^2 + x
+        """
+        from sage.lfunctions.pari import LFunction, lfun_genus2
+        L = LFunction(lfun_genus2(self), prec=prec)
+        L.rename('PARI L-function associated to %s' % self)
+        return L

sage/schemes/hyperelliptic_curves/invariants.py

@@ -0,0 +1,410 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-schemes
+r"""
+Compute invariants of quintics and sextics via 'Ueberschiebung'
+
+.. TODO::
+
+    * Implement invariants in small positive characteristic.
+
+    * Cardona-Quer and additional invariants for classifying automorphism groups.
+
+AUTHOR:
+
+- Nick Alexander
+"""
+from sage.rings.integer_ring import ZZ
+from sage.rings.polynomial.polynomial_ring_constructor import PolynomialRing
+
+
+def diffxy(f, x, xtimes, y, ytimes):
+    r"""
+    Differentiate a polynomial ``f``, ``xtimes`` with respect to ``x``, and
+    ``ytimes`` with respect to ``y``.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.schemes.hyperelliptic_curves.invariants import diffxy
+        sage: R.<u, v> = QQ[]
+        sage: diffxy(u^2*v^3, u, 0, v, 0)
+        u^2*v^3
+        sage: diffxy(u^2*v^3, u, 2, v, 1)
+        6*v^2
+        sage: diffxy(u^2*v^3, u, 2, v, 2)
+        12*v
+        sage: diffxy(u^2*v^3 + u^4*v^4, u, 2, v, 2)
+        144*u^2*v^2 + 12*v
+    """
+    h = f
+    for i in range(xtimes):
+        h = h.derivative(x)
+    for j in range(ytimes):
+        h = h.derivative(y)
+    return h
+
+
+def differential_operator(f, g, k):
+    r"""
+    Return the differential operator `(f g)_k` symbolically in the polynomial ring in ``dfdx, dfdy, dgdx, dgdy``.
+
+    This is defined by Mestre on p 315 [Mes1991]_:
+
+    .. MATH::
+
+        (f g)_k = \frac{(m - k)! (n - k)!}{m! n!} \left(
+        \frac{\partial f}{\partial x} \frac{\partial g}{\partial y} -
+        \frac{\partial f}{\partial y} \frac{\partial g}{\partial x} \right)^k .
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.schemes.hyperelliptic_curves.invariants import differential_operator
+        sage: R.<x, y> = QQ[]
+        sage: differential_operator(x, y, 0)
+        1
+        sage: differential_operator(x, y, 1)
+        -dfdy*dgdx + dfdx*dgdy
+        sage: differential_operator(x*y, x*y, 2)
+        1/4*dfdy^2*dgdx^2 - 1/2*dfdx*dfdy*dgdx*dgdy + 1/4*dfdx^2*dgdy^2
+        sage: differential_operator(x^2*y, x*y^2, 2)
+        1/36*dfdy^2*dgdx^2 - 1/18*dfdx*dfdy*dgdx*dgdy + 1/36*dfdx^2*dgdy^2
+        sage: differential_operator(x^2*y, x*y^2, 4)
+        1/576*dfdy^4*dgdx^4 - 1/144*dfdx*dfdy^3*dgdx^3*dgdy + 1/96*dfdx^2*dfdy^2*dgdx^2*dgdy^2
+        - 1/144*dfdx^3*dfdy*dgdx*dgdy^3 + 1/576*dfdx^4*dgdy^4
+    """
+    (x, y) = f.parent().gens()
+    n = max(ZZ(f.degree()), ZZ(k))
+    m = max(ZZ(g.degree()), ZZ(k))
+    R, (fx, fy, gx, gy) = PolynomialRing(f.base_ring(), 4, 'dfdx,dfdy,dgdx,dgdy').objgens()
+    const = (m - k).factorial() * (n - k).factorial() / (m.factorial() * n.factorial())
+    U = f.base_ring()(const) * (fx*gy - fy*gx)**k
+    return U
+
+
+def diffsymb(U, f, g):
+    r"""
+    Given a differential operator ``U`` in ``dfdx, dfdy, dgdx, dgdy``,
+    represented symbolically by ``U``, apply it to ``f, g``.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.schemes.hyperelliptic_curves.invariants import diffsymb
+        sage: R.<x, y> = QQ[]
+        sage: S.<dfdx, dfdy, dgdx, dgdy> = QQ[]
+        sage: [ diffsymb(dd, x^2, y*0 + 1) for dd in S.gens() ]
+        [2*x, 0, 0, 0]
+        sage: [ diffsymb(dd, x*0 + 1, y^2) for dd in S.gens() ]
+        [0, 0, 0, 2*y]
+        sage: [ diffsymb(dd, x^2, y^2) for dd in S.gens() ]
+        [2*x*y^2, 0, 0, 2*x^2*y]
+
+        sage: diffsymb(dfdx + dfdy*dgdy, y*x^2, y^3)
+        2*x*y^4 + 3*x^2*y^2
+    """
+    (x, y) = f.parent().gens()
+    R, (fx, fy, gx, gy) = PolynomialRing(f.base_ring(), 4, 'dfdx,dfdy,dgdx,dgdy').objgens()
+    res = 0
+    for coeff, mon in list(U):
+        mon = R(mon)
+        a = diffxy(f, x, mon.degree(fx), y, mon.degree(fy))
+        b = diffxy(g, x, mon.degree(gx), y, mon.degree(gy))
+        temp = coeff * a * b
+        res = res + temp
+    return res
+
+
+def Ueberschiebung(f, g, k):
+    r"""
+    Return the differential operator `(f g)_k`.
+
+    This is defined by Mestre on page 315 [Mes1991]_:
+
+    .. MATH::
+
+        (f g)_k = \frac{(m - k)! (n - k)!}{m! n!} \left(
+        \frac{\partial f}{\partial x} \frac{\partial g}{\partial y} -
+        \frac{\partial f}{\partial y} \frac{\partial g}{\partial x} \right)^k .
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.schemes.hyperelliptic_curves.invariants import Ueberschiebung as ub
+        sage: R.<x, y> = QQ[]
+        sage: ub(x, y, 0)
+        x*y
+        sage: ub(x^5 + 1, x^5 + 1, 1)
+        0
+        sage: ub(x^5 + 5*x + 1, x^5 + 5*x + 1, 0)
+        x^10 + 10*x^6 + 2*x^5 + 25*x^2 + 10*x + 1
+    """
+    U = differential_operator(f, g, k)
+    # U is the (f g)_k = ... of Mestre, p315, symbolically
+    return diffsymb(U, f, g)
+
+
+def ubs(f):
+    r"""
+    Given a sextic form `f`, return a dictionary of the invariants of Mestre, p 317 [Mes1991]_.
+
+    `f` may be homogeneous in two variables or inhomogeneous in one.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.schemes.hyperelliptic_curves.invariants import ubs
+        sage: x = QQ['x'].0
+        sage: ubs(x^6 + 1)
+        {'A': 2,
+         'B': 2/3,
+         'C': -2/9,
+         'D': 0,
+         'Delta': -2/3*x^2*h^2,
+         'f': x^6 + h^6,
+         'i': 2*x^2*h^2,
+         'y1': 0,
+         'y2': 0,
+         'y3': 0}
+
+        sage: R.<u, v> = QQ[]
+        sage: ubs(u^6 + v^6)
+        {'A': 2,
+         'B': 2/3,
+         'C': -2/9,
+         'D': 0,
+         'Delta': -2/3*u^2*v^2,
+         'f': u^6 + v^6,
+         'i': 2*u^2*v^2,
+         'y1': 0,
+         'y2': 0,
+         'y3': 0}
+
+        sage: R.<t> = GF(31)[]
+        sage: ubs(t^6 + 2*t^5 + t^2 + 3*t + 1)
+        {'A': 0,
+         'B': -12,
+         'C': -15,
+         'D': -15,
+         'Delta': -10*t^4 + 12*t^3*h + 7*t^2*h^2 - 5*t*h^3 + 2*h^4,
+         'f': t^6 + 2*t^5*h + t^2*h^4 + 3*t*h^5 + h^6,
+         'i': -4*t^4 + 10*t^3*h + 2*t^2*h^2 - 9*t*h^3 - 7*h^4,
+         'y1': 4*t^2 - 10*t*h - 13*h^2,
+         'y2': 6*t^2 - 4*t*h + 2*h^2,
+         'y3': 4*t^2 - 4*t*h - 9*h^2}
+    """
+    ub = Ueberschiebung
+    if f.parent().ngens() == 1:
+        f = PolynomialRing(f.parent().base_ring(), 1, f.parent().variable_name())(f)
+        x1, x2 = f.homogenize().parent().gens()
+        f = sum([ f[i]*x1**i*x2**(6-i) for i in range(7) ])
+    U = {}
+    U['f'] = f
+    U['i'] = ub(f, f, 4)
+    U['Delta'] = ub(U['i'], U['i'], 2)
+    U['y1'] = ub(f, U['i'], 4)
+    U['y2'] = ub(U['i'], U['y1'], 2)
+    U['y3'] = ub(U['i'], U['y2'], 2)
+    U['A'] = ub(f, f, 6)
+    U['B'] = ub(U['i'], U['i'], 4)
+    U['C'] = ub(U['i'], U['Delta'], 4)
+    U['D'] = ub(U['y3'], U['y1'], 2)
+    return U
+
+
+def clebsch_to_igusa(A, B, C, D):
+    r"""
+    Convert Clebsch invariants `A, B, C, D` to Igusa invariants `I_2, I_4, I_6, I_{10}`.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.schemes.hyperelliptic_curves.invariants import clebsch_to_igusa, igusa_to_clebsch
+        sage: clebsch_to_igusa(2, 3, 4, 5)
+        (-240, 17370, 231120, -103098906)
+        sage: igusa_to_clebsch(*clebsch_to_igusa(2, 3, 4, 5))
+        (2, 3, 4, 5)
+
+        sage: Cs = tuple(map(GF(31), (2, 3, 4, 5))); Cs
+        (2, 3, 4, 5)
+        sage: clebsch_to_igusa(*Cs)
+        (8, 10, 15, 26)
+        sage: igusa_to_clebsch(*clebsch_to_igusa(*Cs))
+        (2, 3, 4, 5)
+    """
+    I2 = -120*A
+    I4 = -720*A**2 + 6750*B
+    I6 = 8640*A**3 - 108000*A*B + 202500*C
+    I10 = -62208*A**5 + 972000*A**3*B + 1620000*A**2*C - 3037500*A*B**2 - 6075000*B*C - 4556250*D
+    return (I2, I4, I6, I10)
+
+
+def igusa_to_clebsch(I2, I4, I6, I10):
+    r"""
+    Convert Igusa invariants `I_2, I_4, I_6, I_{10}` to Clebsch invariants `A, B, C, D`.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.schemes.hyperelliptic_curves.invariants import clebsch_to_igusa, igusa_to_clebsch
+        sage: igusa_to_clebsch(-2400, 173700, 23112000, -10309890600)
+        (20, 342/5, 2512/5, 43381012/1125)
+        sage: clebsch_to_igusa(*igusa_to_clebsch(-2400, 173700, 23112000, -10309890600))
+        (-2400, 173700, 23112000, -10309890600)
+
+        sage: Is = tuple(map(GF(31), (-2400, 173700, 23112000, -10309890600))); Is
+        (18, 7, 12, 27)
+        sage: igusa_to_clebsch(*Is)
+        (20, 25, 25, 12)
+        sage: clebsch_to_igusa(*igusa_to_clebsch(*Is))
+        (18, 7, 12, 27)
+    """
+    A = -(+ I2) / 120
+    B = -(- I2**2 - 20*I4)/135000
+    C = -(+ I2**3 + 80*I2*I4 - 600*I6)/121500000
+    D = -(+ 9*I2**5 + 700*I2**3*I4 - 3600*I2**2*I6 - 12400*I2*I4**2 + 48000*I4*I6 + 10800000*I10) / 49207500000000
+    return (A, B, C, D)
+
+
+def clebsch_invariants(f):
+    r"""
+    Given a sextic form `f`, return the Clebsch invariants `(A, B, C, D)` of
+    Mestre, p 317, [Mes1991]_.
+
+    `f` may be homogeneous in two variables or inhomogeneous in one.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.schemes.hyperelliptic_curves.invariants import clebsch_invariants
+        sage: R.<x, y> = QQ[]
+        sage: clebsch_invariants(x^6 + y^6)
+        (2, 2/3, -2/9, 0)
+        sage: R.<x> = QQ[]
+        sage: clebsch_invariants(x^6 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 2)
+        (62/15, 15434/5625, -236951/140625, 229930748/791015625)
+
+        sage: magma(x^6 + 1).ClebschInvariants()                    # optional - magma
+        [ 2, 2/3, -2/9, 0 ]
+        sage: magma(x^6 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 2).ClebschInvariants()  # optional - magma
+        [ 62/15, 15434/5625, -236951/140625, 229930748/791015625 ]
+    """
+    R = f.parent().base_ring()
+    if R.characteristic() in [2, 3, 5]:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Invariants of binary sextics/genus 2 hyperelliptic "
+                                  "curves not implemented in characteristics 2, 3, and 5")
+
+    U = ubs(f)
+    L = U['A'], U['B'], U['C'], U['D']
+    assert all(t.is_constant() for t in L)
+    return tuple([ t.constant_coefficient() for t in L ])
+
+
+def igusa_clebsch_invariants(f):
+    r"""
+    Given a sextic form `f`, return the Igusa-Clebsch invariants `I_2, I_4,
+    I_6, I_{10}` of Igusa and Clebsch [IJ1960]_.
+
+    `f` may be homogeneous in two variables or inhomogeneous in one.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.schemes.hyperelliptic_curves.invariants import igusa_clebsch_invariants
+        sage: R.<x, y> = QQ[]
+        sage: igusa_clebsch_invariants(x^6 + y^6)
+        (-240, 1620, -119880, -46656)
+        sage: R.<x> = QQ[]
+        sage: igusa_clebsch_invariants(x^6 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 2)
+        (-496, 6220, -955932, -1111784)
+
+        sage: magma(x^6 + 1).IgusaClebschInvariants()                    # optional - magma
+        [ -240, 1620, -119880, -46656 ]
+        sage: magma(x^6 + x^5 + x^4 + x^2 + 2).IgusaClebschInvariants()  # optional - magma
+        [ -496, 6220, -955932, -1111784 ]
+
+    TESTS:
+
+    Let's check a symbolic example::
+
+        sage: R.<a, b, c, d, e> = QQ[]
+        sage: S.<x> = R[]
+        sage: igusa_clebsch_invariants(x^5 + a*x^4 + b*x^3 + c*x^2 + d*x + e)[0]
+        6*b^2 - 16*a*c + 40*d
+
+        sage: from sage.schemes.hyperelliptic_curves.invariants import absolute_igusa_invariants_wamelen
+        sage: absolute_igusa_invariants_wamelen(GF(5)['x'](x^6 - 2*x))
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        NotImplementedError: Invariants of binary sextics/genus 2 hyperelliptic curves
+        not implemented in characteristics 2, 3, and 5
+    """
+    return clebsch_to_igusa(*clebsch_invariants(f))
+
+
+def absolute_igusa_invariants_wamelen(f):
+    r"""
+    Given a sextic form `f`, return the three absolute Igusa invariants used by van Wamelen [Wam1999]_.
+
+    `f` may be homogeneous in two variables or inhomogeneous in one.
+
+    REFERENCES:
+
+    - [Wam1999]_
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.schemes.hyperelliptic_curves.invariants import absolute_igusa_invariants_wamelen
+        sage: R.<x> = QQ[]
+        sage: absolute_igusa_invariants_wamelen(x^5 - 1)
+        (0, 0, 0)
+
+    The following example can be checked against van Wamelen's paper::
+
+        sage: h = -x^5 + 3*x^4 + 2*x^3 - 6*x^2 - 3*x + 1
+        sage: i1, i2, i3 = absolute_igusa_invariants_wamelen(h)
+        sage: list(map(factor, (i1, i2, i3)))
+        [2^7 * 3^15, 2^5 * 3^11 * 5, 2^4 * 3^9 * 31]
+
+    TESTS::
+
+        sage: absolute_igusa_invariants_wamelen(GF(3)['x'](x^5 - 2*x))
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        NotImplementedError: Invariants of binary sextics/genus 2 hyperelliptic curves
+        not implemented in characteristics 2, 3, and 5
+    """
+    I2, I4, I6, I10 = igusa_clebsch_invariants(f)
+    i1 = I2**5/I10
+    i2 = I2**3*I4/I10
+    i3 = I2**2*I6/I10
+    return (i1, i2, i3)
+
+
+def absolute_igusa_invariants_kohel(f):
+    r"""
+    Given a sextic form `f`, return the three absolute Igusa invariants used by Kohel [KohECHIDNA]_.
+
+    `f` may be homogeneous in two variables or inhomogeneous in one.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.schemes.hyperelliptic_curves.invariants import absolute_igusa_invariants_kohel
+        sage: R.<x> = QQ[]
+        sage: absolute_igusa_invariants_kohel(x^5 - 1)
+        (0, 0, 0)
+        sage: absolute_igusa_invariants_kohel(x^5 - x)
+        (100, -20000, -2000)
+
+    The following example can be checked against Kohel's database [KohECHIDNA]_ ::
+
+        sage: h = -x^5 + 3*x^4 + 2*x^3 - 6*x^2 - 3*x + 1
+        sage: i1, i2, i3 = absolute_igusa_invariants_kohel(h)
+        sage: list(map(factor, (i1, i2, i3)))
+        [2^2 * 3^5 * 5 * 31, 2^5 * 3^11 * 5, 2^4 * 3^9 * 31]
+        sage: list(map(factor, (150660, 28343520, 9762768)))
+        [2^2 * 3^5 * 5 * 31, 2^5 * 3^11 * 5, 2^4 * 3^9 * 31]
+
+    TESTS::
+
+        sage: absolute_igusa_invariants_kohel(GF(2)['x'](x^5 - x))
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        NotImplementedError: Invariants of binary sextics/genus 2 hyperelliptic curves
+        not implemented in characteristics 2, 3, and 5
+    """
+    I2, I4, I6, I10 = igusa_clebsch_invariants(f)
+    i1 = I4*I6/I10
+    i2 = I2**3*I4/I10
+    i3 = I2**2*I6/I10
+    return (i1, i2, i3)