passagemath-objects 10.6.44__cp314-cp314t-macosx_13_0_arm64.whl

sage/structure/set_factories_example.py

@@ -0,0 +1,527 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-objects
+r"""
+An example of set factory
+=========================
+
+The goal of this module is to exemplify the use of set factories. Note
+that the code is intentionally kept minimal; many things and in
+particular several iterators could be written in a more efficient way.
+
+.. SEEALSO::
+
+    :mod:`.set_factories` for an introduction to set
+    factories, their specifications, and examples of their use and
+    implementation based on this module.
+
+We describe here a factory used to construct the set `S` of couples `(x,y)`
+with `x` and `y` in `I:=\{0,1,2,3,4\}`, together with the following subsets,
+where `(a, b)\in S`
+
+.. MATH::
+
+    S_a := \{(x,y) \in S \mid x = a\},
+
+    S^b := \{(x,y) \in S \mid y = b\},
+
+    S_a^b := \{(x,y) \in S \mid x = a, y = b\}.
+"""
+# ****************************************************************************
+#  Copyright (C) 2012 Florent Hivert <florent.hivert at lri.fr>
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL)
+#                  https://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+# ****************************************************************************
+
+from sage.structure.unique_representation import UniqueRepresentation
+from sage.structure.element_wrapper import ElementWrapper
+from sage.structure.set_factories import (
+    SetFactory, ParentWithSetFactory, TopMostParentPolicy)
+from sage.sets.disjoint_union_enumerated_sets import DisjointUnionEnumeratedSets
+from sage.sets.family import LazyFamily
+from sage.categories.enumerated_sets import EnumeratedSets
+from sage.rings.integer import Integer
+from sage.misc.lazy_attribute import lazy_attribute
+
+MAX = 5
+
+
+class XYPairsFactory(SetFactory):
+    r"""
+    An example of set factory, for sets of pairs of integers.
+
+    .. SEEALSO::
+
+        :mod:`.set_factories` for an introduction to set factories.
+    """
+    def __call__(self, x=None, y=None, policy=None):
+        r"""
+        Construct the subset from constraints.
+
+        Consider the set `S` of couples `(x,y)` with `x` and `y` in
+        `I:=\{0,1,2,3,4\}`. Returns the subsets of element of `S` satisfying
+        some constraints.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``x=a`` -- where ``a`` is an integer (default: ``None``)
+        - ``y=b`` -- where ``b`` is an integer (default: ``None``)
+        - ``policy`` -- the policy passed to the created set
+
+        .. SEEALSO::
+
+            :class:`.set_factories.SetFactoryPolicy`
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+
+        Let us first create the set factory::
+
+            sage: from sage.structure.set_factories_example import XYPairsFactory
+            sage: XYPairs = XYPairsFactory()
+
+        One can then use the set factory to construct a set::
+
+            sage: P = XYPairs(); P.list()
+            [(0, 0), (1, 0), (2, 0), (3, 0), (4, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1), (2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 1), (0, 2), (1, 2), (2, 2), (3, 2), (4, 2), (0, 3), (1, 3), (2, 3), (3, 3), (4, 3), (0, 4), (1, 4), (2, 4), (3, 4), (4, 4)]
+
+        .. NOTE::
+
+            This function is actually the ``__call__`` method of
+            :class:`XYPairsFactory`.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: TestSuite(P).run()
+        """
+        if policy is None:
+            policy = self._default_policy
+
+        if isinstance(x, (Integer, int)):
+            if isinstance(y, (Integer, int)):
+                return SingletonPair(x, y, policy)
+            return PairsX_(x, policy)
+        if isinstance(y, (Integer, int)):
+            return Pairs_Y(y, policy)
+        return AllPairs(policy)
+
+    def add_constraints(self, cons, args_opts):
+        r"""
+        Add constraints to the set ``cons`` as per
+        :meth:`SetFactory.add_constraints<.set_factories.SetFactory.add_constraints>`.
+
+        This is a crude implementation for the sake of the demonstration which
+        should not be taken as an example.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.structure.set_factories_example import XYPairs
+            sage: XYPairs.add_constraints((3,None), ((2,), {}))
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: Duplicate value for constraints 'x': was 3 now 2
+            sage: XYPairs.add_constraints((), ((2,), {}))
+            (2, None)
+            sage: XYPairs.add_constraints((), ((2,), {'y':3}))
+            (2, 3)
+        """
+        args, opts = args_opts
+
+        res = list(cons)
+        res += [None] * (2 - len(res))
+
+        def set_args(argss):
+            for i, v in enumerate(argss):
+                if res[i] is not None and v is not None:
+                    raise ValueError("Duplicate value for constraints '{}': "
+                                     "was {} now {}".format(['x', 'y'][i],
+                                                            res[i], v))
+                if v is not None:
+                    res[i] = v
+        set_args(args)
+
+        def parse_args(x=None, y=None):
+            set_args((x, y))
+        parse_args(**opts)
+        if res == (None, None):
+            return ()
+        return tuple(res)
+
+    @lazy_attribute
+    def _default_policy(self):
+        r"""
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: from sage.structure.set_factories_example import XYPairsFactory
+            sage: XYPairs = XYPairsFactory()
+            sage: XYPairs._default_policy
+            Set factory policy for <class 'sage.structure.set_factories_example.XYPair'> with parent AllPairs[=Factory for XY pairs(())]
+        """
+        return TopMostParentPolicy(self, (), XYPair)
+
+    def _repr_(self):
+        """
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: from sage.structure.set_factories_example import XYPairs
+            sage: XYPairs   # indirect doctest
+            Factory for XY pairs
+        """
+        return "Factory for XY pairs"
+
+
+XYPairs = XYPairsFactory()
+XYPairs.__doc__ = XYPairsFactory.__call__.__doc__
+
+
+class XYPair(ElementWrapper):
+    r"""
+    A class for Elements `(x,y)` with `x` and `y` in `\{0,1,2,3,4\}`.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.structure.set_factories_example import XYPair
+        sage: p = XYPair(Parent(), (0,1)); p
+        (0, 1)
+        sage: p = XYPair(Parent(), (0,8))
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: numbers must be in range(5)
+    """
+    def __init__(self, parent, value, check=True):
+        """
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: from sage.structure.set_factories_example import XYPairs
+            sage: P = XYPairs(); p = P.list()[0]
+            sage: TestSuite(p).run()
+        """
+        if check:
+            if not isinstance(value, tuple):
+                raise ValueError("Value {} must be a tuple".format(value))
+            if len(value) != 2:
+                raise ValueError("Value must be of length 2")
+            if not all(int(x) in range(MAX) for x in value):
+                raise ValueError("numbers must be in range({})".format(MAX))
+        ElementWrapper.__init__(self, parent, value)
+
+
+class AllPairs(ParentWithSetFactory, DisjointUnionEnumeratedSets):
+    r"""
+    This parent shows how one can use set factories together with
+    :class:`DisjointUnionEnumeratedSets`.
+
+    It is constructed as the disjoint union
+    (:class:`DisjointUnionEnumeratedSets`) of :class:`Pairs_Y` parents:
+
+    .. MATH::
+
+        S := \bigcup_{i = 0,1,..., 4} S^y
+
+    .. WARNING::
+
+        When writing a parent ``P`` as a disjoint union of a family of parents
+        ``P_i``, the parents ``P_i`` must be constructed as facade parents for
+        ``P``. As a consequence, it should be passed ``P.facade_policy()`` as
+        policy argument. See the source code of :meth:`pairs_y` for an
+        example.
+
+    TESTS::
+
+        sage: from sage.structure.set_factories_example import XYPairs
+        sage: P = XYPairs(); P.list()
+        [(0, 0), (1, 0), (2, 0), (3, 0), (4, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1), (2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 1), (0, 2), (1, 2), (2, 2), (3, 2), (4, 2), (0, 3), (1, 3), (2, 3), (3, 3), (4, 3), (0, 4), (1, 4), (2, 4), (3, 4), (4, 4)]
+    """
+    def __init__(self, policy):
+        r"""
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: from sage.structure.set_factories_example import XYPairs
+            sage: TestSuite(XYPairs()).run()
+        """
+        ParentWithSetFactory.__init__(self, (), policy=policy,
+                                      category=EnumeratedSets().Finite())
+        DisjointUnionEnumeratedSets.__init__(self,
+                                             LazyFamily(range(MAX),
+                                                        self.pairs_y),
+                                             facade=True, keepkey=False,
+                                             category=self.category())
+
+    def pairs_y(self, letter):
+        r"""
+        Construct the parent for the disjoint union.
+
+        Construct a parent in :class:`Pairs_Y` as a facade parent for ``self``.
+
+        This is an internal function which should be hidden from the user
+        (typically under the name ``_pairs_y``. We put it here for
+        documentation.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: from sage.structure.set_factories_example import XYPairs, XYPair
+            sage: S = XYPairs()
+            sage: S1 = S.pairs_y(1); S1
+            {(a, 1) | a in range(5)}
+            sage: S.an_element().parent()
+            AllPairs
+
+            sage: from sage.structure.set_factories import SelfParentPolicy
+            sage: selfpolicy = SelfParentPolicy(XYPairs, XYPair)
+            sage: selfS = XYPairs(policy=selfpolicy)
+            sage: selfS1 = selfS.pairs_y(1); selfS1
+            {(a, 1) | a in range(5)}
+            sage: S.an_element().parent() is selfS
+            False
+            sage: selfS.an_element().parent() is selfS
+            True
+        """
+        return Pairs_Y(letter, policy=self.facade_policy())
+
+    def _repr_(self):
+        r"""
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: from sage.structure.set_factories_example import XYPairs
+            sage: XYPairs()   # indirect doctest
+            AllPairs
+        """
+        return "AllPairs"
+
+    def check_element(self, el, check):
+        r"""
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: from sage.structure.set_factories_example import XYPairs
+            sage: P = XYPairs()
+            sage: P.check_element(P.an_element(), True)
+            sage: XYPairs()((7, 0))  # indirect doctest
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: numbers must be in range(5)
+        """
+        pass
+
+
+class PairsX_(ParentWithSetFactory, UniqueRepresentation):
+    r"""
+    The set of pairs `(x, 0), (x, 1), ..., (x, 4)`.
+
+    TESTS::
+
+        sage: from sage.structure.set_factories_example import XYPairs
+        sage: P = XYPairs(0); P.list()
+        [(0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2), (0, 3), (0, 4)]
+    """
+    def __init__(self, x, policy):
+        r"""
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: from sage.structure.set_factories_example import XYPairs
+            sage: TestSuite(XYPairs(0)).run()
+        """
+        self._x = x
+        ParentWithSetFactory.__init__(self, (x, None), policy=policy,
+                                      category=EnumeratedSets().Finite())
+
+    def _repr_(self):
+        """
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: from sage.structure.set_factories_example import XYPairs
+            sage: XYPairs(x=1)
+            {(1, b) | b in range(5)}
+        """
+        return "{(%s, b) | b in range(%s)}" % (self._x, MAX)
+
+    def an_element(self):
+        r"""
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: from sage.structure.set_factories_example import XYPairs
+            sage: P = XYPairs(x=0); P.an_element()
+            (0, 0)
+        """
+        return self._element_constructor_((self._x, 0), check=False)
+
+    def check_element(self, el, check):
+        r"""
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: from sage.structure.set_factories_example import XYPairs
+            sage: P = XYPairs(x=1)
+            sage: P.check_element(P.an_element(), True)
+            sage: XYPairs(x=1)((0, 0))  # indirect doctest
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: Wrong first coordinate
+        """
+        (x, y) = el.value
+        if x != self._x:
+            raise ValueError("Wrong first coordinate")
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        r"""
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: from sage.structure.set_factories_example import XYPairs
+            sage: list(XYPairs(x=1))
+            [(1, 0), (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4)]
+        """
+        for i in range(MAX):
+            yield self._element_constructor_((self._x, i), check=False)
+
+
+class Pairs_Y(ParentWithSetFactory, DisjointUnionEnumeratedSets):
+    r"""
+    The set of pairs `(0, y), (1, y), ..., (4, y)`.
+
+    It is constructed as the disjoint union
+    (:class:`DisjointUnionEnumeratedSets`) of :class:`SingletonPair` parents:
+
+    .. MATH::
+
+        S^y := \bigcup_{i = 0,1,..., 4} S_i^y
+
+    .. SEEALSO::
+
+        :class:`AllPairs` for how to properly construct
+        :class:`DisjointUnionEnumeratedSets` using
+        :class:`~sage.structure.set_factories.ParentWithSetFactory`.
+
+    TESTS::
+
+        sage: from sage.structure.set_factories_example import XYPairs
+        sage: P = XYPairs(y=1); P.list()
+        [(0, 1), (1, 1), (2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 1)]
+    """
+    def __init__(self, y, policy):
+        r"""
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: from sage.structure.set_factories_example import XYPairs
+            sage: TestSuite(XYPairs(y=1)).run()
+        """
+        self._y = y
+        ParentWithSetFactory.__init__(self, (None, y), policy=policy,
+                                      category=EnumeratedSets().Finite())
+        DisjointUnionEnumeratedSets.__init__(
+            self, LazyFamily(range(MAX), self.single_pair),
+            facade=True, keepkey=False,
+            category=self.category())  # TODO remove and fix disjoint union.
+
+    def _repr_(self):
+        """
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: from sage.structure.set_factories_example import XYPairs
+            sage: XYPairs(y=1)
+            {(a, 1) | a in range(5)}
+        """
+        return "{(a, %s) | a in range(%s)}" % (self._y, MAX)
+
+    def an_element(self):
+        r"""
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: from sage.structure.set_factories_example import XYPairs
+            sage: XYPairs(y=1).an_element()
+            (0, 1)
+        """
+        return self._element_constructor_((0, self._y), check=False)
+
+    def single_pair(self, letter):
+        r"""
+        Construct the singleton pair parent.
+
+        Construct a singleton pair for ``(self.y, letter)`` as a facade parent
+        for ``self``.
+
+        .. SEEALSO::
+
+            :class:`AllPairs` for how to properly construct
+            :class:`DisjointUnionEnumeratedSets` using
+            :class:`~sage.structure.set_factories.ParentWithSetFactory`.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: from sage.structure.set_factories_example import XYPairs
+            sage: P = XYPairs(y=1)
+            sage: P.single_pair(0)
+            {(0, 1)}
+            sage: P.single_pair(0).an_element().parent()
+            AllPairs
+        """
+        return SingletonPair(letter, self._y, policy=self.facade_policy())
+
+    def check_element(self, el, check):
+        r"""
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: from sage.structure.set_factories_example import XYPairs
+            sage: P = XYPairs(y=1)
+            sage: P.check_element(P.an_element(), True)
+            sage: XYPairs(y=1)((1, 0))  # indirect doctest
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: Wrong second coordinate
+        """
+        (x, y) = el.value
+        if y != self._y:
+            raise ValueError("Wrong second coordinate")
+
+
+class SingletonPair(ParentWithSetFactory, UniqueRepresentation):
+    r"""
+    TESTS::
+
+        sage: from sage.structure.set_factories_example import XYPairs
+        sage: P = XYPairs(0,1); P.list()
+        [(0, 1)]
+    """
+    def __init__(self, x, y, policy):
+        r"""
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: from sage.structure.set_factories_example import XYPairs
+            sage: TestSuite(XYPairs(0,1)).run()
+        """
+        self._xy = (x, y)
+        ParentWithSetFactory.__init__(self, (x, y), policy=policy,
+                                      category=EnumeratedSets().Finite())
+
+    def _repr_(self):
+        """
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: from sage.structure.set_factories_example import XYPairs
+            sage: XYPairs(x=2, y=1)
+            {(2, 1)}
+        """
+        return "{%s}" % (self._xy,)
+
+    def check_element(self, el, check):
+        r"""
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: from sage.structure.set_factories_example import XYPairs
+            sage: XYPairs(0,1).check_element(XYPairs()((0,1)), True)
+            sage: XYPairs(0,1).check_element(XYPairs()((1,0)), True)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: Wrong coordinate
+            sage: XYPairs(0,1)((1,1))
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: Wrong coordinate
+        """
+        if el.value != self._xy:
+            raise ValueError("Wrong coordinate")
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        r"""
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: from sage.structure.set_factories_example import XYPairs
+            sage: list(XYPairs(0,1))
+            [(0, 1)]
+        """
+        yield self._element_constructor_(self._xy, check=False)

sage/structure/support_view.py

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-objects
+r"""
+Iterable of the keys of a Mapping associated with nonzero values
+"""
+
+from collections.abc import MappingView, Sequence, Set
+
+from sage.misc.superseded import deprecation
+
+
+class SupportView(MappingView, Sequence, Set):
+    r"""
+    Dynamic view of the set of keys of a dictionary that are associated with
+    nonzero values.
+
+    It behaves like the objects returned by the :meth:`keys`, :meth:`values`,
+    :meth:`items` of a dictionary (or other :class:`collections.abc.Mapping`
+    classes).
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``mapping`` -- a :class:`dict` or another :class:`collections.abc.Mapping`
+
+    - ``zero`` -- (optional) test for zeroness by comparing with this value
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: d = {'a': 47, 'b': 0, 'c': 11}
+        sage: from sage.structure.support_view import SupportView
+        sage: supp = SupportView(d); supp
+        SupportView({'a': 47, 'b': 0, 'c': 11})
+        sage: 'a' in supp, 'b' in supp, 'z' in supp
+        (True, False, False)
+        sage: len(supp)
+        2
+        sage: list(supp)
+        ['a', 'c']
+        sage: supp[0], supp[1]
+        ('a', 'c')
+        sage: supp[-1]
+        'c'
+        sage: supp[:]
+        ('a', 'c')
+
+    It reflects changes to the underlying dictionary::
+
+        sage: d['b'] = 815
+        sage: len(supp)
+        3
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, mapping, *, zero=None):
+        r"""
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: from sage.structure.support_view import SupportView
+            sage: supp = SupportView({'a': 'b', 'c': ''}, zero='')
+            sage: len(supp)
+            1
+        """
+        self._mapping = mapping
+        self._zero = zero
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        r"""
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: d = {'a': 47, 'b': 0, 'c': 11}
+            sage: from sage.structure.support_view import SupportView
+            sage: supp = SupportView(d); supp
+            SupportView({'a': 47, 'b': 0, 'c': 11})
+            sage: len(supp)
+            2
+        """
+        length = 0
+        for key in self:
+            length += 1
+        return length
+
+    def __getitem__(self, index):
+        r"""
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: d = {'a': 47, 'b': 0, 'c': 11}
+            sage: from sage.structure.support_view import SupportView
+            sage: supp = SupportView(d); supp
+            SupportView({'a': 47, 'b': 0, 'c': 11})
+            sage: supp[2]
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            IndexError
+        """
+        if isinstance(index, slice):
+            return tuple(self)[index]
+        if index < 0:
+            return tuple(self)[index]
+        for i, key in enumerate(self):
+            if i == index:
+                return key
+        raise IndexError
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        r"""
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: d = {'a': 47, 'b': 0, 'c': 11}
+            sage: from sage.structure.support_view import SupportView
+            sage: supp = SupportView(d); supp
+            SupportView({'a': 47, 'b': 0, 'c': 11})
+            sage: iter(supp)
+            <generator object SupportView.__iter__ at ...>
+        """
+        zero = self._zero
+        if zero is None:
+            for key, value in self._mapping.items():
+                if value:
+                    yield key
+        else:
+            for key, value in self._mapping.items():
+                if value != zero:
+                    yield key
+
+    def __contains__(self, key):
+        r"""
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: d = {'a': 47, 'b': 0, 'c': 11}
+            sage: from sage.structure.support_view import SupportView
+            sage: supp = SupportView(d); supp
+            SupportView({'a': 47, 'b': 0, 'c': 11})
+            sage: 'a' in supp, 'b' in supp, 'z' in supp
+            (True, False, False)
+        """
+        try:
+            value = self._mapping[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            return False
+        zero = self._zero
+        if zero is None:
+            return bool(value)
+        return value != zero
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        r"""
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: d = {1: 17, 2: 0}
+            sage: from sage.structure.support_view import SupportView
+            sage: supp = SupportView(d); supp
+            SupportView({1: 17, 2: 0})
+            sage: supp == [1]
+            doctest:warning...
+            DeprecationWarning: comparing a SupportView with a list is deprecated
+            See https://github.com/sagemath/sage/issues/34509 for details.
+            True
+        """
+        if isinstance(other, list):
+            deprecation(34509, 'comparing a SupportView with a list is deprecated')
+            return list(self) == other
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        r"""
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: d = {1: 17, 2: 0}
+            sage: from sage.structure.support_view import SupportView
+            sage: supp = SupportView(d); supp
+            SupportView({1: 17, 2: 0})
+            sage: supp != [1]
+            doctest:warning...
+            DeprecationWarning: comparing a SupportView with a list is deprecated
+            See https://github.com/sagemath/sage/issues/34509 for details.
+            False
+        """
+        if isinstance(other, list):
+            deprecation(34509, 'comparing a SupportView with a list is deprecated')
+            return list(self) != other
+        return NotImplemented