passagemath-modules 10.6.31__cp314-cp314-macosx_13_0_x86_64.whl

sage/algebras/lie_algebras/onsager.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1324 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-modules
+# sage.doctest: needs sage.graphs
+"""
+Onsager Algebra
+
+AUTHORS:
+
+- Travis Scrimshaw (2017-07): Initial version
+"""
+
+#*****************************************************************************
+#       Copyright (C) 2017 Travis Scrimshaw <tcscrims at gmail.com>
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#                  http://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+#*****************************************************************************
+
+from sage.misc.cachefunc import cached_method
+from sage.categories.algebras import Algebras
+from sage.categories.lie_algebras import LieAlgebras
+from sage.combinat.free_module import CombinatorialFreeModule
+from sage.structure.indexed_generators import IndexedGenerators
+from sage.sets.family import Family
+from sage.algebras.lie_algebras.lie_algebra_element import LieAlgebraElement
+from sage.algebras.lie_algebras.lie_algebra import LieAlgebraWithGenerators, InfinitelyGeneratedLieAlgebra
+
+
+class OnsagerAlgebra(LieAlgebraWithGenerators, IndexedGenerators):
+    r"""
+    The Onsager (Lie) algebra.
+
+    The Onsager (Lie) algebra `\mathcal{O}` is a Lie algebra with
+    generators `A_0, A_1` that satisfy
+
+    .. MATH::
+
+        [A_0, [A_0, [A_0, A_1]]] = -4 [A_0, A_1],
+        \qquad
+        [A_1, [A_1, [A_1, A_0]]] = -4 [A_1, A_0].
+
+    .. NOTE::
+
+        We are using a rescaled version of the usual defining generators.
+
+    There exist a basis `\{A_m, G_n \mid m \in \ZZ, n \in \ZZ_{>0}\}`
+    for `\mathcal{O}` with structure coefficients
+
+    .. MATH::
+
+        [A_m, A_{m'}] = G_{m-m'},
+        \qquad
+        [G_n, G_{n'}] = 0,
+        \qquad
+        [G_n, A_m] = 2A_{m-n} - 2A_{m+n},
+
+    where `m > m'`.
+
+    The Onsager algebra is isomorphic to the subalgebra of the affine
+    Lie algebra `\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}_2 = \mathfrak{sl}_2 \otimes
+    \CC[t,t^{-1}] \oplus \CC K \oplus \CC d` that is invariant under
+    the Chevalley involution. In particular, we have
+
+    .. MATH::
+
+        A_i \mapsto f \otimes t^i - e \otimes t^{-i},
+        \qquad
+        G_i \mapsto h \otimes t^{-i} - h \otimes t^i.
+
+    where `e,f,h` are the Chevalley generators of `\mathfrak{sl}_2`.
+
+    EXAMPLES:
+
+    We construct the Onsager algebra and do some basic computations::
+
+        sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ)
+        sage: O.inject_variables()
+        Defining A0, A1
+
+    We verify the defining relations::
+
+        sage: O([A0, [A0, [A0, A1]]]) == -4 * O([A0, A1])
+        True
+        sage: O([A1, [A1, [A1, A0]]]) == -4 * O([A1, A0])
+        True
+
+    We check the embedding into `\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}_2`::
+
+        sage: L = LieAlgebra(QQ, cartan_type=['A',1,1])
+        sage: B = L.basis()
+        sage: al = RootSystem(['A',1]).root_lattice().simple_root(1)
+        sage: ac = al.associated_coroot()
+        sage: def emb_A(i): return B[-al,i] - B[al,-i]
+        sage: def emb_G(i): return B[ac,i] - B[ac,-i]
+        sage: a0 = emb_A(0)
+        sage: a1 = emb_A(1)
+        sage: L([a0, [a0, [a0, a1]]]) == -4 * L([a0, a1])
+        True
+        sage: L([a1, [a1, [a1, a0]]]) == -4 * L([a1, a0])
+        True
+
+        sage: all(emb_G(n).bracket(emb_A(m)) == 2*emb_A(m-n) - 2*emb_A(m+n)
+        ....:     for m in range(-10, 10) for n in range(1,10))
+        True
+        sage: all(emb_A(m).bracket(emb_A(mp)) == emb_G(m-mp)
+        ....:     for m in range(-10,10) for mp in range(m-10, m))
+        True
+
+    REFERENCES:
+
+    - [Onsager1944]_
+    - [DG1982]_
+    """
+    def __init__(self, R):
+        """
+        Initialize ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ)
+            sage: TestSuite(O).run()
+        """
+        cat = LieAlgebras(R).WithBasis()
+        from sage.sets.finite_enumerated_set import FiniteEnumeratedSet
+        IndexedGenerators.__init__(self, FiniteEnumeratedSet([0,1]))
+        LieAlgebraWithGenerators.__init__(self, R, index_set=self._indices,
+                                          names=('A0', 'A1'), category=cat)
+
+    def _repr_(self):
+        """
+        Return a string representation of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ)
+            Onsager algebra over Rational Field
+        """
+        return "Onsager algebra over {}".format(self.base_ring())
+
+    def _latex_(self):
+        r"""
+        Return a string representation of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ)
+            sage: latex(O)
+            \mathcal{O}_{\Bold{Q}}
+        """
+        from sage.misc.latex import latex
+        return "\\mathcal{{O}}_{{{}}}".format(latex(self.base_ring()))
+
+    def _repr_generator(self, m):
+        """
+        Return a string representation of the generator indexed by ``m``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ)
+            sage: O._repr_generator((0,-2))
+            'A[-2]'
+            sage: O._repr_generator((1,4))
+            'G[4]'
+        """
+        if m[0] == 0:
+            return 'A[{}]'.format(m[1])
+        return 'G[{}]'.format(m[1])
+
+    def _latex_generator(self, m):
+        r"""
+        Return a LaTeX representation of the generator indexed by ``m``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ)
+            sage: O._latex_generator((0,-2))
+            'A_{-2}'
+            sage: O._latex_generator((1,4))
+            'G_{4}'
+        """
+        if m[0] == 0:
+            return 'A_{{{}}}'.format(m[1])
+        return 'G_{{{}}}'.format(m[1])
+
+    # For compatibility with CombinatorialFreeModuleElement
+    _repr_term = _repr_generator
+    _latex_term = _latex_generator
+
+    @cached_method
+    def basis(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the basis of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ)
+            sage: O.basis()
+            Lazy family (Onsager monomial(i))_{i in
+             Disjoint union of Family (Integer Ring, Positive integers)}
+        """
+        from sage.rings.integer_ring import ZZ
+        from sage.sets.disjoint_union_enumerated_sets import DisjointUnionEnumeratedSets
+        from sage.sets.positive_integers import PositiveIntegers
+        I = DisjointUnionEnumeratedSets([ZZ, PositiveIntegers()],
+                                        keepkey=True, facade=True)
+        return Family(I, self.monomial, name='Onsager monomial')
+
+    @cached_method
+    def lie_algebra_generators(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the generators of ``self`` as a Lie algebra.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ)
+            sage: O.lie_algebra_generators()
+            Finite family {'A0': A[0], 'A1': A[1]}
+        """
+        d = {"A0": self.basis()[0,0], "A1": self.basis()[0,1]}
+        return Family(self._names, d.__getitem__)
+
+    def bracket_on_basis(self, x, y):
+        r"""
+        Return the bracket of basis elements indexed by ``x`` and ``y``
+        where ``x < y``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ)
+            sage: O.bracket_on_basis((1,3), (1,9))  # [G, G]
+            0
+            sage: O.bracket_on_basis((0,8), (1,13))  # [A, G]
+            -2*A[-5] + 2*A[21]
+            sage: O.bracket_on_basis((0,-9), (0, 7))  # [A, A]
+            -G[16]
+        """
+        if x[0] == 1:
+            # From < property, we have y[0] == 1
+            # Therefore, we have [G_n, G_{n'}] = 0
+            return self.zero()
+        R = self.base_ring()
+        if y[0] == 1: # [A_m, G_n] = -(2A_{m-n} - 2A_{m+n})
+            d = {(0, x[1]-y[1]): R(-2), (0, x[1]+y[1]): R(2)}
+            return self.element_class(self, d)
+        # [A_m, A_{m'}] = -G_{m' - m}, where m < m'
+        return self.element_class(self, {(1, y[1]-x[1]): -R.one()})
+
+    def _an_element_(self):
+        """
+        Return an element of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ)
+            sage: O.an_element()
+            -2*A[-3] + A[2] + 3*G[2]
+        """
+        B = self.basis()
+        return B[0,2] - 2*B[0,-3] + 3*B[1,2]
+
+    def some_elements(self):
+        """
+        Return some elements of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ)
+            sage: O.some_elements()
+            [A[0], A[2], A[-1], G[4], -2*A[-3] + A[2] + 3*G[2]]
+        """
+        B = self.basis()
+        return [B[0,0], B[0,2], B[0,-1], B[1,4], self.an_element()]
+
+    def quantum_group(self, q=None, c=None):
+        r"""
+        Return the quantum group of ``self``.
+
+        The corresponding quantum group is the
+        :class:`~sage.algebras.lie_algebras.onsager.QuantumOnsagerAlgebra`.
+        The parameter `c` must be such that `c(1) = 1`
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``q`` -- (optional) the quantum parameter; the default
+          is `q \in R(q)`, where `R` is the base ring of ``self``
+        - ``c`` -- (optional) the parameter `c`; the default is ``q``
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ)
+            sage: Q = O.quantum_group()
+            sage: Q
+            q-Onsager algebra with c=q over Fraction Field of
+             Univariate Polynomial Ring in q over Rational Field
+        """
+        if q is None:
+            from sage.rings.polynomial.polynomial_ring_constructor import PolynomialRing
+            q = PolynomialRing(self.base_ring(), 'q').fraction_field().gen()
+        if c is None:
+            c = q
+        else:
+            c = q.parent()(c)
+        return QuantumOnsagerAlgebra(self, q, c)
+
+    def alternating_central_extension(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the alternating central extension of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ)
+            sage: ACE = O.alternating_central_extension()
+            sage: ACE
+            Alternating central extension of the Onsager algebra over Rational Field
+        """
+        return OnsagerAlgebraACE(self.base_ring())
+
+    Element = LieAlgebraElement
+
+#####################################################################
+# q-Onsager algebra (the quantum group)
+
+
+class QuantumOnsagerAlgebra(CombinatorialFreeModule):
+    r"""
+    The quantum Onsager algebra.
+
+    The *quantum Onsager algebra*, or `q`-Onsager algebra, is a
+    quantum group analog of the Onsager algebra. It is the left
+    (or right) coideal subalgebra of the quantum group
+    `U_q(\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}_2)` and is the simplest example
+    of a quantum symmetric pair coideal subalgebra of affine type.
+
+    The `q`-Onsager algebra depends on a parameter `c` such that
+    `c(1) = 1`. The `q`-Onsager algebra with parameter `c` is denoted
+    `U_q(\mathcal{O}_R)_c`, where `R` is the base ring of the
+    defining Onsager algebra.
+
+    EXAMPLES:
+
+    We create the `q`-Onsager algebra and its generators::
+
+        sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ)
+        sage: Q = O.quantum_group()
+        sage: G = Q.algebra_generators()
+
+    The generators are given as pairs, where `G[0,n]` is the generator
+    `B_{n\delta+\alpha_1}` and `G[1,n]` is the generator `B_{n\delta}`.
+    We use the convention that
+    `n\delta + \alpha_1 \equiv (-n-1)\delta + \alpha_0`. ::
+
+        sage: G[0,5]
+        B[5d+a1]
+        sage: G[0,-5]
+        B[4d+a0]
+        sage: G[1,5]
+        B[5d]
+        sage: (G[0,5] + G[0,-3]) * (G[1,2] - G[0,3])
+        B[2d+a0]*B[2d] - B[2d+a0]*B[3d+a1]
+         + ((-q^4+1)/q^2)*B[1d]*B[6d+a1]
+         + ((q^4-1)/q^2)*B[1d]*B[4d+a1] + B[2d]*B[5d+a1]
+         - B[5d+a1]*B[3d+a1] + ((q^2+1)/q^2)*B[7d+a1]
+         + ((q^6+q^4-q^2-1)/q^2)*B[5d+a1] + (-q^4-q^2)*B[3d+a1]
+        sage: (G[0,5] + G[0,-3] + G[1,4]) * (G[0,2] - G[1,3])
+        -B[2d+a0]*B[3d] + B[2d+a0]*B[2d+a1]
+         + ((q^4-1)/q^4)*B[1d]*B[7d+a1]
+         + ((q^8-2*q^4+1)/q^4)*B[1d]*B[5d+a1]
+         + (-q^4+1)*B[1d]*B[3d+a1] + ((q^4-1)/q^2)*B[2d]*B[6d+a1]
+         + ((-q^4+1)/q^2)*B[2d]*B[4d+a1] - B[3d]*B[4d]
+         - B[3d]*B[5d+a1] + B[4d]*B[2d+a1] + B[5d+a1]*B[2d+a1]
+         + ((-q^2-1)/q^4)*B[8d+a1] + ((-q^6-q^4+q^2+1)/q^4)*B[6d+a1]
+         + (-q^6-q^4+q^2+1)*B[4d+a1] + (q^6+q^4)*B[2d+a1]
+
+    We check the `q`-Dolan-Grady relations::
+
+        sage: def q_dolan_grady(a, b, q):
+        ....:     x = q*a*b - ~q*b*a
+        ....:     y = ~q*a*x - q*x*a
+        ....:     return a*y - y*a
+        sage: A0, A1 = G[0,-1], G[0,0]
+        sage: q = Q.q()
+        sage: q_dolan_grady(A1, A0, q) == (q^4 + 2*q^2 + 1) * (A0*A1 - A1*A0)
+        True
+        sage: q_dolan_grady(A0, A1, q) == (q^4 + 2*q^2 + 1) * (A1*A0 - A0*A1)
+        True
+
+    REFERENCES:
+
+    - [BK2017]_
+    """
+    def __init__(self, g, q, c):
+        """
+        Initialize ``self``.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ)
+            sage: Q = O.quantum_group()
+            sage: TestSuite(Q).run()  # long time
+        """
+        self._g = g
+        self._q = q
+        self._c = c
+        self._q_two = q + ~q
+        R = self._q_two.parent()
+        from sage.monoids.indexed_free_monoid import IndexedFreeAbelianMonoid
+        monomials = IndexedFreeAbelianMonoid(g.basis().keys(),
+                                             prefix='B', bracket=False,
+                                             sorting_key=self._monoid_key)
+        CombinatorialFreeModule.__init__(self, R, monomials,
+                                         prefix='', bracket=False, latex_bracket=False,
+                                         sorting_key=self._monomial_key,
+                                         category=Algebras(R).WithBasis().Filtered())
+
+    def _basis_key(self, k):
+        r"""
+        Key for ordering the basis elements of ``self._g``.
+
+        We choose a key in order to obtain the ordering from [BK2017]_
+        in the quantum group.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ)
+            sage: Q = O.quantum_group()
+            sage: Q._basis_key((0,2))
+            (1, -2)
+            sage: Q._basis_key((0,-2))
+            (-1, 2)
+            sage: Q._basis_key((1,2))
+            (0, 2)
+        """
+        if k[0] == 0: # B_{m\delta + \alpha_1}
+            if k[1] < 0:
+                return (-1, -k[1])
+            else:
+                return (1, -k[1])
+        # B_{n\delta}
+        return (0, k[1])
+
+    def _monoid_key(self, x):
+        r"""
+        Key function for the underlying monoid of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ)
+            sage: Q = O.quantum_group()
+            sage: G = Q.algebra_generators()
+            sage: I = Q._indices.gens()
+            sage: I[0,1] * I[1,3] * I[1,2] * I[0,-4]^3 # indirect doctest
+            B(0, -4)^3*B(1, 2)*B(1, 3)*B(0, 1)
+        """
+        return self._basis_key(x[0])
+
+    def _monomial_key(self, x):
+        r"""
+        Compute the key for ``x`` so that the comparison is done by
+        reverse degree lexicographic order.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ)
+            sage: Q = O.quantum_group()
+            sage: G = Q.algebra_generators()
+            sage: G[0,0] * G[1,1] * G[0,-2]  # indirect doctest
+            (q^2-1)*B[a0]^2*B[1d] + q^2*B[1d+a0]*B[1d]*B[a1]
+             + ((q^6-2*q^2-1)/q^2)*B[a0]*B[1d+a0] + (-q^4-q^2)*B[a0]*B[a1]
+             + (q^4+q^2)*B[1d+a0]*B[1d+a1] + (q^4+q^2)*B[2d+a0]*B[a1]
+             + q^2*B[1d]*B[2d] + (-q^4+1)*B[1d] + (q^4+q^2)*B[3d]
+        """
+        return (-len(x), [self._basis_key(l) for l in x.to_word_list()])
+
+    def _repr_(self):
+        r"""
+        Return a string representation of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ)
+            sage: O.quantum_group()
+            q-Onsager algebra with c=q over Fraction Field of
+             Univariate Polynomial Ring in q over Rational Field
+        """
+        return "{}-Onsager algebra with c={} over {}".format(self._q, self._c,
+                                                             self.base_ring())
+
+    def _latex_(self):
+        r"""
+        Return a latex representation of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ)
+            sage: Q = O.quantum_group(q=-1)
+            sage: latex(Q)
+            U_{-1}(\mathcal{O}_{\Bold{Q}})_{-1}
+        """
+        from sage.misc.latex import latex
+        return "U_{{{}}}(\\mathcal{{O}}_{{{}}})_{{{}}}".format(latex(self._q),
+                            latex(self._g.base_ring()), latex(self._c))
+
+    def _repr_term(self, m):
+        r"""
+        Return a string representation of the term indexed by ``m``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ)
+            sage: Q = O.quantum_group()
+            sage: I = Q._indices.gens()
+            sage: Q._repr_term(I[0,3])
+            'B[3d+a1]'
+            sage: Q._repr_term(I[0,-3])
+            'B[2d+a0]'
+            sage: Q._repr_term(I[1,3])
+            'B[3d]'
+            sage: Q._repr_term(I[0,-1]^2 * I[1,3]^13 * I[0,3])
+            'B[a0]^2*B[3d]^13*B[3d+a1]'
+        """
+        def to_str(x):
+            k,e = x
+            if k[0] == 0:
+                if k[1] == -1:
+                    ret = 'B[a0]'
+                elif k[1] == 0:
+                    ret = 'B[a1]'
+                elif k[1] < -1:
+                    ret = 'B[{}d+a0]'.format(-k[1]-1)
+                elif k[1] > 0:
+                    ret = 'B[{}d+a1]'.format(k[1])
+            else:
+                ret = 'B[{}d]'.format(k[1])
+            if e > 1:
+                ret = ret + '^{}'.format(e)
+            return ret
+        return '*'.join(to_str(x) for x in m._sorted_items())
+
+    def _latex_term(self, m):
+        r"""
+        Return a latex representation of the term indexed by ``m``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ)
+            sage: Q = O.quantum_group()
+            sage: I = Q._indices.gens()
+            sage: Q._latex_term(I[0,3])
+            'B_{3\\delta+\\alpha_1}'
+            sage: Q._latex_term(I[0,-3])
+            'B_{2\\delta+\\alpha_0}'
+            sage: Q._latex_term(I[1,3])
+            'B_{3\\delta}'
+            sage: Q._latex_term(I[0,-1]^2 * I[1,3]^13 * I[0,3])
+            'B_{\\alpha_0}^{2} B_{3\\delta}^{13} B_{3\\delta+\\alpha_1}'
+        """
+        def to_str(x):
+            k,e = x
+            if k[0] == 0:
+                if k[1] == -1:
+                    ret = 'B_{\\alpha_0}'
+                elif k[1] == 0:
+                    ret = 'B_{\\alpha_1}'
+                elif k[1] < -1:
+                    ret = 'B_{{{}\\delta+\\alpha_0}}'.format(-k[1]-1)
+                elif k[1] > 0:
+                    ret = 'B_{{{}\\delta+\\alpha_1}}'.format(k[1])
+            else:
+                ret = 'B_{{{}\\delta}}'.format(k[1])
+            if e > 1:
+                ret = ret + '^{{{}}}'.format(e)
+            return ret
+        return ' '.join(to_str(x) for x in m._sorted_items())
+
+    def lie_algebra(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the underlying Lie algebra of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ)
+            sage: Q = O.quantum_group()
+            sage: Q.lie_algebra()
+            Onsager algebra over Rational Field
+            sage: Q.lie_algebra() is O
+            True
+        """
+        return self._g
+
+    def algebra_generators(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the algebra generators of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ)
+            sage: Q = O.quantum_group()
+            sage: Q.algebra_generators()
+            Lazy family (generator map(i))_{i in Disjoint union of
+             Family (Integer Ring, Positive integers)}
+        """
+        G = self._indices.gens()
+        return Family(self._indices._indices, lambda x: self.monomial(G[x]),
+                      name="generator map")
+
+    gens = algebra_generators
+
+    def q(self):
+        """
+        Return the parameter `q` of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ)
+            sage: Q = O.quantum_group()
+            sage: Q.q()
+            q
+        """
+        return self._q
+
+    def c(self):
+        """
+        Return the parameter `c` of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ)
+            sage: Q = O.quantum_group(c=-3)
+            sage: Q.c()
+            -3
+        """
+        return self._c
+
+    @cached_method
+    def one_basis(self):
+        """
+        Return the basis element indexing `1`.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ)
+            sage: Q = O.quantum_group()
+            sage: ob = Q.one_basis(); ob
+            1
+            sage: ob.parent()
+            Free abelian monoid indexed by
+             Disjoint union of Family (Integer Ring, Positive integers)
+        """
+        return self._indices.one()
+
+    def _an_element_(self):
+        """
+        Return an element of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ)
+            sage: Q = O.quantum_group()
+            sage: Q.an_element()
+            -2*B[2d+a0] + q*B[2d] + B[2d+a1]
+        """
+        G = self.algebra_generators()
+        return G[0,2] - 2*G[0,-3] + self.base_ring().an_element()*G[1,2]
+
+    def some_elements(self):
+        """
+        Return some elements of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ)
+            sage: Q = O.quantum_group()
+            sage: Q.some_elements()
+            [B[a1], B[3d+a1], B[a0], B[1d], B[4d]]
+        """
+        G = self.algebra_generators()
+        return [G[0,0], G[0,3], G[0,-1], G[1,1], G[1,4]]
+
+    def degree_on_basis(self, m):
+        r"""
+        Return the degree of the basis element indexed by ``m``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ)
+            sage: Q = O.quantum_group()
+            sage: G = Q.algebra_generators()
+            sage: B0 = G[0,0]
+            sage: B1 = G[0,-1]
+            sage: Q.degree_on_basis(B0.leading_support())
+            1
+            sage: Q.degree_on_basis((B1^10 * B0^10).leading_support())
+            20
+            sage: ((B0 * B1)^3).maximal_degree()
+            6
+        """
+        return m.length()
+
+    @cached_method
+    def product_on_basis(self, lhs, rhs):
+        r"""
+        Return the product of the two basis elements ``lhs`` and ``rhs``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ)
+            sage: Q = O.quantum_group()
+            sage: I = Q._indices.gens()
+            sage: Q.product_on_basis(I[1,21]^2, I[1,31]^3)
+            B[21d]^2*B[31d]^3
+            sage: Q.product_on_basis(I[1,31]^3, I[1,21]^2)
+            B[21d]^2*B[31d]^3
+            sage: Q.product_on_basis(I[0,8], I[0,6])
+            B[8d+a1]*B[6d+a1]
+            sage: Q.product_on_basis(I[0,-8], I[0,6])
+            B[7d+a0]*B[6d+a1]
+            sage: Q.product_on_basis(I[0,-6], I[0,-8])
+            B[5d+a0]*B[7d+a0]
+            sage: Q.product_on_basis(I[0,-6], I[1,2])
+            B[5d+a0]*B[2d]
+            sage: Q.product_on_basis(I[1,6], I[0,2])
+            B[6d]*B[2d+a1]
+
+            sage: Q.product_on_basis(I[0,1], I[0,2])
+            1/q^2*B[2d+a1]*B[1d+a1] - B[1d]
+            sage: Q.product_on_basis(I[0,-3], I[0,-1])
+            1/q^2*B[a0]*B[2d+a0] + ((-q^2+1)/q^2)*B[1d+a0]^2 - B[2d]
+            sage: Q.product_on_basis(I[0,2], I[0,-1])
+            q^2*B[a0]*B[2d+a1] + ((q^4-1)/q^2)*B[1d+a1]*B[a1]
+             + (-q^2+1)*B[1d] + q^2*B[3d]
+            sage: Q.product_on_basis(I[0,2], I[1,1])
+            B[1d]*B[2d+a1] + (q^2+1)*B[3d+a1] + (-q^2-1)*B[1d+a1]
+            sage: Q.product_on_basis(I[0,1], I[1,2])
+            ((-q^4+1)/q^2)*B[1d]*B[2d+a1] + ((q^4-1)/q^2)*B[1d]*B[a1]
+             + B[2d]*B[1d+a1] + (-q^4-q^2)*B[a0]
+             + ((q^2+1)/q^2)*B[3d+a1] + ((q^6+q^4-q^2-1)/q^2)*B[1d+a1]
+            sage: Q.product_on_basis(I[1,2], I[0,-1])
+            B[a0]*B[2d] + ((-q^4+1)/q^2)*B[1d+a0]*B[1d]
+             + ((q^4-1)/q^2)*B[1d]*B[a1] + ((q^2+1)/q^2)*B[2d+a0]
+             + ((-q^2-1)/q^2)*B[1d+a1]
+            sage: Q.product_on_basis(I[1,2], I[0,-4])
+            ((q^4-1)/q^2)*B[2d+a0]*B[1d] + B[3d+a0]*B[2d]
+             + ((-q^4+1)/q^2)*B[4d+a0]*B[1d] + (-q^4-q^2)*B[1d+a0]
+             + ((q^6+q^4-q^2-1)/q^2)*B[3d+a0] + ((q^2+1)/q^2)*B[5d+a0]
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ)
+            sage: Q = O.quantum_group()
+            sage: G = Q.gens()
+            sage: G[0,2]*(G[0,1]*G[0,3]) - (G[0,2]*G[0,1])*G[0,3]
+            0
+            sage: G[0,-2]*(G[0,-1]*G[0,-3]) - (G[0,-2]*G[0,-1])*G[0,-3]
+            0
+            sage: G[0,1]*(G[0,3]*G[0,-2]) - (G[0,1]*G[0,3])*G[0,-2]
+            0
+            sage: G[0,2]*(G[0,1]*G[1,3]) - (G[0,2]*G[0,1])*G[1,3]
+            0
+            sage: G[0,-2]*(G[0,1]*G[1,3]) - (G[0,-2]*G[0,1])*G[1,3]
+            0
+            sage: G[0,-2]*(G[1,1]*G[1,3]) - (G[0,-2]*G[1,1])*G[1,3]
+            0
+        """
+        # Some trivial base cases
+        if lhs == self.one_basis():
+            return self.monomial(rhs)
+        if rhs == self.one_basis():
+            return self.monomial(lhs)
+
+        I = self._indices
+        B = I.gens()
+        q = self._q
+        kl = lhs.trailing_support()
+        kr = rhs.leading_support()
+        if self._basis_key(kl) <= self._basis_key(kr):
+            return self.monomial(lhs * rhs)
+
+        # Create the commutator
+        # We have xy - yx = [x, y] -> xy = yx + LOT for x > y
+        if kl[0] == 1 and kr[0] == 1:
+            # [B[rd], B[md]] == 0
+            return self.monomial(lhs * B[kr]) * self.monomial(rhs // B[kr])
+
+        if kl[0] == 0 and kr[0] == 0:
+            def a(m, p):
+                if p <= (m - 1) // 2:
+                    return q**(-2*(p-1)) * (1 + q**-2)
+                # Assume m is even and p == m/2
+                assert p == m // 2 and m % 2 == 0
+                return q**(-m+2)
+            if kl[1] * kr[1] > 0 or (kl[1] == 0 and kr[1] > 0):
+                # Same sign
+                # [B[rd+a1], B[(r+m)d+a1]]
+                m = kr[1] - kl[1]
+                assert m > 0
+                terms = q**-2 * self.monomial(B[kr] * B[kl])
+                terms -= self.monomial(B[1,m])
+                temp = (-sum(q**(-2*(p-1)) * self.monomial(B[1,m-2*p])
+                             for p in range(1, (m - 1) // 2 + 1))
+                         + sum(a(m,p) * self.monomial(B[0,kr[1]-p]) * self.monomial(B[0,p+kl[1]])
+                               for p in range(1, m // 2 + 1)))
+                terms += (q**-2 - 1) * temp
+            else:
+                r = -kr[1] - 1
+                # s = kl[1]
+                if r <= kl[1]:
+                    # [B[rd+a0], B[sd+a1]] r <= s
+                    terms = -self.monomial(B[kr] * B[kl])
+                    terms -= self.monomial(B[1,r+kl[1]+1])
+                    terms -= (q**2-1) * sum(q**(2*k) * self.monomial(B[1,r+kl[1]-1-2*k])
+                                            for k in range(r))
+                    terms -= (q**2-q**-2) * sum(q**(2*(r-1-k)) * self.monomial(B[0,-(k+1)]) * self.monomial(B[0,-r+kl[1]+k])
+                                                for k in range(r))
+                    m = -r + kl[1] + 1
+                    temp = (-sum(q**(-2*(p-1)) * self.monomial(B[1,m-2*p])
+                                 for p in range(1, (m - 1) // 2 + 1))
+                             + sum(a(m,p) * self.monomial(B[0,m-p-1]) * self.monomial(B[0,p-1])
+                                   for p in range(1, m // 2 + 1)))
+                    terms += (q**-2 - 1) * q**(2*r) * temp
+                else:
+                    # [B[rd+a0], B[sd+a1]] r > s
+                    terms = -self.monomial(B[kr] * B[kl])
+                    terms -= self.monomial(B[1,r+kl[1]+1])
+                    terms -= (q**2-1) * sum(q**(2*k) * self.monomial(B[1,r+kl[1]-1-2*k])
+                                            for k in range(kl[1]))
+                    terms -= (q**2-q**-2) * sum(q**(2*(kl[1]-1-k)) * self.monomial(B[0,-(r-kl[1]+k+1)]) * self.monomial(B[0,k])
+                                                for k in range(kl[1]))
+                    m = r - kl[1] + 1
+                    temp = (-sum(q**(-2*(p-1)) * self.monomial(B[1,m-2*p])
+                                 for p in range(1, (m - 1) // 2 + 1))
+                             + sum(a(m,p) * self.monomial(B[0,-p]) * self.monomial(B[0,p-m])
+                                   for p in range(1, m // 2 + 1)))
+                    terms += (q**-2 - 1) * q**(2*kl[1]) * temp
+                terms = -q**2 * terms
+        elif kl[0] == 1 and kr[0] == 0:
+            terms = self.monomial(B[kr] * B[kl])
+            # We have kr[1] < 0
+            assert kr[1] < 0
+            p = -kr[1] - 1
+            if p < kl[1]:
+                # [B[md], B[pd+a0]] with p < m
+                # m = kl[1]
+                terms += self._c * self._q_two * (
+                           q**(-2*(kl[1]-1)) * self.monomial(B[0,-(kl[1]+p+1)])
+                         + (q**2 - q**-2) * sum(q**(-2*(kl[1]-2*p+2*h))
+                                                * self.monomial(B[0,-(kl[1]-p+2*h+1)])
+                                                for h in range(p))
+                         - q**(-2*(kl[1]-2*p-1)) * self.monomial(B[0,kl[1]-p-1])
+                         )
+                terms -= (q**2 - q**-2) * sum(
+                           q**(-2*(ell-1)) * self.monomial(B[0,-(ell+p+1)] * B[1,kl[1]-ell])
+                         + (q**2 - q**-2) * sum(q**(-2*(ell-2*h)) * self.monomial(B[0,-(ell+p-2*h+1)] * B[1,kl[1]-ell])
+                                                for h in range(1, ell))
+                         - q**(2*(ell-1)) * self.monomial(B[0,-(p-ell+1)] * B[1,kl[1]-ell])
+                         for ell in range(1, p+1))
+                terms -= (q**2 - q**-2) * sum(
+                           q**(-2*(ell-1)) * self.monomial(B[0,-(ell+p+1)] * B[1,kl[1]-ell])
+                         + (q**2 - q**-2) * sum(q**(-2*(ell-2*h)) * self.monomial(B[0,-(ell+p-2*h+1)] * B[1,kl[1]-ell])
+                                                for h in range(1, p+1))
+                         for ell in range(p+1, kl[1]))
+                terms += (q**2 - q**-2) * sum(
+                           q**(-2*(ell-2*p-1)) * self.monomial(B[1,kl[1]-ell] * B[0,ell-p-1])
+                         for ell in range(p+1, kl[1]))
+            else:
+                # [B[md], B[pd+a0]] with p >= m
+                # m = kl[1]
+                terms += self._c * self._q_two * (
+                           q**(-2*(kl[1]-1)) * self.monomial(B[0,-(p+kl[1]+1)])
+                         + (q**2 - q**-2) * sum(q**(2*(kl[1]-2-2*h))
+                                                * self.monomial(B[0,-(p-kl[1]+2+2*h+1)])
+                                                for h in range(kl[1]-1))
+                         - q**(2*(kl[1]-1)) * self.monomial(B[0,-(p-kl[1]+1)])
+                         )
+                terms -= (q**2 - q**-2) * sum(
+                           q**(-2*(ell-1)) * self.monomial(B[0,-(p+ell+1)] * B[1,kl[1]-ell])
+                         + (q**2 - q**-2) * sum(q**(-2*(ell-2*h)) * self.monomial(B[0,-(p+ell-2*h+1)] * B[1,kl[1]-ell])
+                                                for h in range(1, ell))
+                         - q**(2*(ell-1)) * self.monomial(B[0,-(p-ell+1)] * B[1,kl[1]-ell])
+                         for ell in range(1, kl[1]))
+        else:  # kl[0] == 0 and kr[0] == 1:
+            terms = self.monomial(B[kr] * B[kl])
+            if kl[1] < kr[1]:
+                # [B[pd+a1], B[md]] with p < m
+                # p = kl[1], m = kr[1]
+                terms += self._c * self._q_two * (
+                           q**(-2*(kr[1]-1)) * self.monomial(B[0,kr[1]+kl[1]])
+                         + (q**2 - q**-2) * sum(q**(-2*(kr[1]-2*kl[1]+2*h))
+                                                * self.monomial(B[0,kr[1]-kl[1]+2*h])
+                                                for h in range(kl[1]))
+                         - q**(-2*(kr[1]-2*kl[1]-1)) * self.monomial(B[0,kl[1]-kr[1]])
+                         )
+                terms -= (q**2 - q**-2) * sum(
+                           q**(-2*(ell-1)) * self.monomial(B[1,kr[1]-ell] * B[0,ell+kl[1]])
+                         + (q**2 - q**-2) * sum(q**(-2*(ell-2*h)) * self.monomial(B[1,kr[1]-ell] * B[0,ell+kl[1]-2*h])
+                                                for h in range(1, ell))
+                         - q**(2*(ell-1)) * self.monomial(B[1,kr[1]-ell] * B[0,kl[1]-ell])
+                         for ell in range(1, kl[1]+1))
+                terms -= (q**2 - q**-2) * sum(
+                           q**(-2*(ell-1)) * self.monomial(B[1,kr[1]-ell] * B[0,ell+kl[1]])
+                         + (q**2 - q**-2) * sum(q**(-2*(ell-2*h)) * self.monomial(B[1,kr[1]-ell] * B[0,ell+kl[1]-2*h])
+                                                for h in range(1, kl[1]+1))
+                         for ell in range(kl[1]+1, kr[1]))
+                terms += (q**2 - q**-2) * sum(
+                           q**(-2*(ell-2*kl[1]-1)) * self.monomial(B[0,kl[1]-ell] * B[1,kr[1]-ell])
+                         for ell in range(kl[1]+1, kr[1]))
+            else:
+                # [B[pd+a1], B[md]] with p >= m
+                # p = kl[1], m = kr[1]
+                terms += self._c * self._q_two * (
+                           q**(-2*(kr[1]-1)) * self.monomial(B[0,kl[1]+kr[1]])
+                         + (q**2 - q**-2) * sum(q**(2*(kr[1]-2-2*h))
+                                                * self.monomial(B[0,kl[1]-kr[1]+2+2*h])
+                                                for h in range(kr[1]-1))
+                         - q**(2*(kr[1]-1)) * self.monomial(B[0,kl[1]-kr[1]])
+                         )
+                terms -= (q**2 - q**-2) * sum(
+                           q**(-2*(ell-1)) * self.monomial(B[1,kr[1]-ell] * B[0,kl[1]+ell])
+                         + (q**2 - q**-2) * sum(q**(-2*(ell-2*h)) * self.monomial(B[1,kr[1]-ell] * B[0,kl[1]+ell-2*h])
+                                                for h in range(1, ell))
+                         - q**(2*(ell-1)) * self.monomial(B[1,kr[1]-ell] * B[0,kl[1]-ell])
+                         for ell in range(1, kr[1]))
+
+        return self.monomial(lhs // B[kl]) * terms * self.monomial(rhs // B[kr])
+
+#####################################################################
+# ACE of the Onsager algebra
+
+
+class OnsagerAlgebraACE(InfinitelyGeneratedLieAlgebra, IndexedGenerators):
+    r"""
+    The alternating central extension of the Onsager algebra.
+
+    The *alternating central extension* of the :class:`Onsager algebra
+    <sage.algebras.lie_algebras.onsager.OnsagerAlgebra>` is the Lie algebra
+    with basis elements `\{\mathcal{A}_k, \mathcal{B}_k\}_{k \in \ZZ}`
+    that satisfy the relations
+
+    .. MATH::
+
+        \begin{aligned}
+        [\mathcal{A}_k, \mathcal{A}_m] & = \mathcal{B}_{k-m} - \mathcal{B}_{m-k},
+        \\ [\mathcal{A}_k, \mathcal{B}_m] & = \mathcal{A}_{k+m} - \mathcal{A}_{k-m},
+        \\ [\mathcal{B}_k, \mathcal{B}_m] & = 0.
+        \end{aligned}
+
+    This has a natural injection from the Onsager algebra by the map `\iota`
+    defined by
+
+    .. MATH::
+
+        \iota(A_k) = \mathcal{A}_k,
+        \qquad\qquad
+        \iota(B_k) = \mathcal{B}_k - \mathcal{B}_{-k}.
+
+    Note that the map `\iota` differs slightly from Lemma 4.18 in [Ter2021b]_
+    due to our choice of basis of the Onsager algebra.
+
+    .. WARNING::
+
+        We have added an extra basis vector `\mathcal{B}_0`, which would
+        be `0` in the definition given in [Ter2021b]_.
+
+    EXAMPLES:
+
+    We begin by constructing the ACE and doing some sample computations::
+
+        sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ)
+        sage: ACE = O.alternating_central_extension()
+        sage: ACE
+        Alternating central extension of the Onsager algebra over Rational Field
+
+        sage: B = ACE.basis()
+        sage: A1, A2, Am2 = B[0,1], B[0,2], B[0,-2]
+        sage: B1, B2, Bm2 = B[1,1], B[1,2], B[1,-2]
+        sage: A1.bracket(Am2)
+        -B[-3] + B[3]
+        sage: A1.bracket(A2)
+        B[-1] - B[1]
+        sage: A1.bracket(B2)
+        -A[-1] + A[3]
+        sage: A1.bracket(Bm2)
+        A[-1] - A[3]
+        sage: B2.bracket(B1)
+        0
+        sage: Bm2.bracket(B2)
+        0
+        sage: (A2 + Am2).bracket(B1 + A2 + B2 + Bm2)
+        -A[-3] + A[-1] - A[1] + A[3] + B[-4] - B[4]
+
+    The natural inclusion map `\iota` is implemented as a coercion map::
+
+        sage: iota = ACE.coerce_map_from(O)
+        sage: b = O.basis()
+        sage: am1, a2, b4 = b[0,-1], b[0,2], b[1,4]
+        sage: iota(am1.bracket(a2)) == iota(am1).bracket(iota(a2))
+        True
+        sage: iota(am1.bracket(b4)) == iota(am1).bracket(iota(b4))
+        True
+        sage: iota(b4.bracket(a2)) == iota(b4).bracket(iota(a2))
+        True
+
+        sage: am1 + B2
+        A[-1] + B[2]
+        sage: am1.bracket(B2)
+        -A[-3] + A[1]
+        sage: Bm2.bracket(a2)
+        -A[0] + A[4]
+
+    We have the projection map `\rho` from Lemma 4.19 in [Ter2021b]_:
+
+    .. MATH::
+
+        \rho(\mathcal{A}_k) = A_k,
+        \qquad\qquad
+        \rho(\mathcal{B}_k) = \mathrm{sgn}(k) B_{|k|}.
+
+    The kernel of `\rho` is the center `\mathcal{Z}`, which has a basis
+    `\{B_k + B_{-k}\}_{k \in \ZZ}`::
+
+        sage: rho = ACE.projection()
+        sage: rho(A1)
+        A[1]
+        sage: rho(Am2)
+        A[-2]
+        sage: rho(B1)
+        1/2*G[1]
+        sage: rho(Bm2)
+        -1/2*G[2]
+        sage: all(rho(B[1,k] + B[1,-k]) == 0 for k in range(-6,6))
+        True
+        sage: all(B[0,m].bracket(B[1,k] + B[1,-k]) == 0
+        ....:     for k in range(-4,4) for m in range(-4,4))
+        True
+    """
+    def __init__(self, R):
+        r"""
+        Initialize ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: ACE = lie_algebras.AlternatingCentralExtensionOnsagerAlgebra(QQ)
+            sage: TestSuite(ACE).run()
+
+            sage: B = ACE.basis()
+            sage: A1, A2, Am2 = B[0,1], B[0,2], B[0,-2]
+            sage: B1, B2, Bm2 = B[1,1], B[1,2], B[1,-2]
+            sage: TestSuite(ACE).run(elements=[A1,A2,Am2,B1,B2,Bm2,ACE.an_element()])
+        """
+        cat = LieAlgebras(R).WithBasis()
+        from sage.rings.integer_ring import ZZ
+        from sage.sets.disjoint_union_enumerated_sets import DisjointUnionEnumeratedSets
+        I = DisjointUnionEnumeratedSets([ZZ, ZZ], keepkey=True, facade=True)
+        IndexedGenerators.__init__(self, I)
+        InfinitelyGeneratedLieAlgebra.__init__(self, R, index_set=I, category=cat)
+
+    def _repr_(self):
+        """
+        Return a string representation of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ).alternating_central_extension()
+            Alternating central extension of the Onsager algebra over Rational Field
+        """
+        return "Alternating central extension of the Onsager algebra over {}".format(self.base_ring())
+
+    def _latex_(self):
+        r"""
+        Return a string representation of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ).alternating_central_extension()
+            sage: latex(O)
+            \mathcal{O}_{\Bold{Q}}
+        """
+        from sage.misc.latex import latex
+        return "\\mathcal{{O}}_{{{}}}".format(latex(self.base_ring()))
+
+    def _repr_generator(self, m):
+        """
+        Return a string representation of the generator indexed by ``m``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ).alternating_central_extension()
+            sage: O._repr_generator((0,-2))
+            'A[-2]'
+            sage: O._repr_generator((1,4))
+            'B[4]'
+        """
+        if m[0] == 0:
+            return 'A[{}]'.format(m[1])
+        return 'B[{}]'.format(m[1])
+
+    def _latex_generator(self, m):
+        r"""
+        Return a LaTeX representation of the generator indexed by ``m``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ).alternating_central_extension()
+            sage: O._latex_generator((0,-2))
+            '\\mathcal{A}_{-2}'
+            sage: O._latex_generator((1,4))
+            '\\mathcal{B}_{4}'
+        """
+        if m[0] == 0:
+            return '\\mathcal{{A}}_{{{}}}'.format(m[1])
+        return '\\mathcal{{B}}_{{{}}}'.format(m[1])
+
+    # For compatibility with CombinatorialFreeModuleElement
+    _repr_term = _repr_generator
+    _latex_term = _latex_generator
+
+    @cached_method
+    def basis(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the basis of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ).alternating_central_extension()
+            sage: O.basis()
+            Lazy family (Onsager ACE monomial(i))_{i in
+             Disjoint union of Family (Integer Ring, Integer Ring)}
+        """
+        return Family(self._indices, self.monomial, name='Onsager ACE monomial')
+
+    @cached_method
+    def lie_algebra_generators(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the generators of ``self`` as a Lie algebra.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ).alternating_central_extension()
+            sage: O.lie_algebra_generators()
+            Lazy family (Onsager ACE monomial(i))_{i in
+             Disjoint union of Family (Integer Ring, Integer Ring)}
+        """
+        return self.basis()
+
+    def _an_element_(self):
+        r"""
+        Return an element of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ).alternating_central_extension()
+            sage: O.an_element()
+            -2*A[-3] + A[2] + B[-1] + 3*B[2]
+        """
+        B = self.basis()
+        return B[0,2] - 2*B[0,-3] + 3*B[1,2] + B[1,-1]
+
+    def some_elements(self):
+        r"""
+        Return some elements of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ).alternating_central_extension()
+            sage: O.some_elements()
+            [A[0], A[2], A[-1], B[4], B[-3], -2*A[-3] + A[2] + B[-1] + 3*B[2]]
+        """
+        B = self.basis()
+        return [B[0,0], B[0,2], B[0,-1], B[1,4], B[1,-3], self.an_element()]
+
+    def bracket_on_basis(self, x, y):
+        r"""
+        Return the bracket of basis elements indexed by ``x`` and ``y``
+        where ``x < y``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ).alternating_central_extension()
+            sage: O.bracket_on_basis((1,3), (1,9))  # [B, B]
+            0
+            sage: O.bracket_on_basis((0,8), (1,13))  # [A, B]
+            -A[-5] + A[21]
+            sage: O.bracket_on_basis((0,-9), (0, 7))  # [A, A]
+            B[-16] - B[16]
+        """
+        if x[0] == 1:
+            # From < property, we have y[0] == 1
+            # Therefore, we have [B_k, B_m] = 0
+            return self.zero()
+        R = self.base_ring()
+        one = R.one()
+        if y[0] == 1: # [A_k, B_m] = A_{k+m} - A_{k-m}
+            if y[1] == 0:  # special case for m = 0, as A_k - A_k = 0
+                return self.zero()
+            d = {(0, x[1]-y[1]): -one, (0, y[1]+x[1]): one}
+        else:
+            # [A_k, A_m] = B_{k-m} - B_{m-k}
+            d = {(1, x[1]-y[1]): one, (1, y[1]-x[1]): -one}
+        return self.element_class(self, d)
+
+    def _coerce_map_from_(self, R):
+        r"""
+        Return if there is a coercion map from ``R``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ)
+            sage: ACE = O.alternating_central_extension()
+            sage: ACE.has_coerce_map_from(O)  # indirect doctest
+            True
+        """
+        if isinstance(R, OnsagerAlgebra):
+            if R.base_ring().has_coerce_map_from(self.base_ring()):
+                return R.module_morphism(self._from_onsager_on_basis, codomain=self)
+        return super()._coerce_map_from_(R)
+
+    def _from_onsager_on_basis(self, x):
+        r"""
+        Map the basis element indexed by ``x`` from the corresponding
+        Onsager algebra to ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ)
+            sage: ACE = O.alternating_central_extension()
+            sage: ACE._from_onsager_on_basis((0, 2))
+            A[2]
+            sage: ACE._from_onsager_on_basis((1, 4))
+            -B[-4] + B[4]
+
+            sage: phi = ACE.coerce_map_from(O)
+            sage: a1 = O.basis()[0,1]
+            sage: a3 = O.basis()[0,3]
+            sage: b2 = O.basis()[1,2]
+            sage: phi(a3)
+            A[3]
+            sage: phi(b2)
+            -B[-2] + B[2]
+            sage: b2.bracket(a3)
+            2*A[1] - 2*A[5]
+            sage: phi(b2).bracket(phi(a3))
+            2*A[1] - 2*A[5]
+            sage: phi(b2.bracket(a3))
+            2*A[1] - 2*A[5]
+
+            sage: a1.bracket(a3)
+            -G[2]
+            sage: phi(a1).bracket(phi(a3))
+            B[-2] - B[2]
+            sage: phi(a1.bracket(a3))
+            B[-2] - B[2]
+        """
+        one = self.base_ring().one()
+        if x[0] == 0:
+            return self._from_dict({x: one}, remove_zeros=False)
+        return self._from_dict({(1, x[1]): one, (1, -x[1]): -one}, remove_zeros=False)
+
+    def projection(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the projection map `\rho` from Lemma 4.19 in [Ter2021b]_
+        to the Onsager algebra.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ)
+            sage: ACE = O.alternating_central_extension()
+            sage: rho = ACE.projection()
+            sage: B = ACE.basis()
+            sage: A1, A2, Am2 = B[0,1], B[0,2], B[0,-2]
+            sage: B1, B2, Bm2 = B[1,1], B[1,2], B[1,-2]
+
+            sage: rho(A1)
+            A[1]
+            sage: rho(Am2)
+            A[-2]
+            sage: rho(B1)
+            1/2*G[1]
+            sage: rho(B2)
+            1/2*G[2]
+            sage: rho(Bm2)
+            -1/2*G[2]
+
+            sage: rho(A1.bracket(A2))
+            -G[1]
+            sage: rho(A1).bracket(rho(A2))
+            -G[1]
+            sage: rho(B1.bracket(Am2))
+            A[-3] - A[-1]
+            sage: rho(B1).bracket(rho(Am2))
+            A[-3] - A[-1]
+        """
+        O = OnsagerAlgebra(self.base_ring())
+        return self.module_morphism(self._projection_on_basis, codomain=O)
+
+    def _projection_on_basis(self, x):
+        r"""
+        Compute the projection map `\rho` on the basis element ``x``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: O = lie_algebras.OnsagerAlgebra(QQ)
+            sage: ACE = O.alternating_central_extension()
+            sage: ACE._projection_on_basis((0,2))
+            A[2]
+            sage: ACE._projection_on_basis((1,4))
+            1/2*G[4]
+            sage: ACE._projection_on_basis((1,-4))
+            -1/2*G[4]
+        """
+        R = self.base_ring()
+        O = OnsagerAlgebra(R)
+        if x[0] == 0: # A_k
+            return O._from_dict({x: R.one()}, remove_zeros=False)
+        # Otherwise B_k
+        c = R.one() / 2
+        if x[1] < 0:
+            return O._from_dict({(1, -x[1]): -c}, remove_zeros=False)
+        elif x[1] == 0:
+            return O.zero()
+        else:
+            return O._from_dict({x: c}, remove_zeros=False)
+
+    Element = LieAlgebraElement