passagemath-gap-pkg-semigroups 10.6.29__cp312-abi3-manylinux_2_24_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl

gap/pkg/semigroups/gap/attributes/attr.gi

@@ -0,0 +1,1214 @@
+#############################################################################
+##
+##  attributes/attr.gi
+##  Copyright (C) 2013-2022                              James D. Mitchell
+##
+##  Licensing information can be found in the README file of this package.
+##
+#############################################################################
+##
+
+# This file contains methods for finding various attributes of finite
+# semigroups, which satisfy CanUseFroidurePin or where no better method is
+# known.
+
+# Note about the difference between One and MultiplicativeNeutralElement
+# (the same goes for Zero and MultplicativeZero):
+#
+# One(s) returns One(Representative(s)) if it belongs to s, so that
+# One(s) = Transformation([1 .. DegreeOfTransformationSemigroup(s)]) if s is a
+# transformation semigroup and it returns fail otherwise, or it returns
+# PartialPerm([1 .. DegreeOfPartialPermSemigroup]) if this belongs to s.
+#
+# MultiplicativeNeutralElement on the other hand returns the element of s that
+# acts as the identity, note that this can be equal to One(s) but it can also
+# not be equal to One(s).
+#
+# A semigroup satisfies IsMonoidAsSemigroup(s) if
+# MultiplicativeNeutralElement(x) <> fail, so it could be that One(s) returns
+# fail but IsMonoidAsSemigroup is still true.
+
+SEMIGROUPS.InjectionPrincipalFactor := function(D, constructor)
+  local map, inv, G, mat, rep, R, L, x, RR, LL, rms, iso, hom, i, j;
+
+  map := IsomorphismPermGroup(GroupHClass(D));
+  inv := InverseGeneralMapping(map);
+
+  G := Range(map);
+  mat := [];
+  rep := MultiplicativeNeutralElement(GroupHClass(D));
+  R := HClassReps(LClass(D, rep));
+  L := HClassReps(RClass(D, rep));
+
+  for i in [1 .. Length(L)] do
+    mat[i] := [];
+    for j in [1 .. Length(R)] do
+      x := L[i] * R[j];
+      if x in D then
+        mat[i][j] := x ^ map;
+      else
+        mat[i][j] := 0;
+      fi;
+    od;
+  od;
+
+  RR := EmptyPlist(Length(R));
+  LL := EmptyPlist(Length(L));
+
+  for j in [1 .. Length(R)] do
+    for i in [1 .. Length(L)] do
+      if mat[i][j] <> 0 then
+        RR[j] := ((mat[i][j] ^ -1) ^ inv) * L[i];
+        break;
+      fi;
+    od;
+  od;
+
+  for i in [1 .. Length(L)] do
+    for j in [1 .. Length(R)] do
+      if mat[i][j] <> 0 then
+        LL[i] := R[j] * (mat[i][j] ^ -1) ^ inv;
+        break;
+      fi;
+    od;
+  od;
+
+  rms := constructor(G, mat);
+
+  iso := function(x)
+    local i, j;
+
+    if not x in D then
+      return fail;
+    fi;
+
+    i := PositionProperty(R, y -> y in RClass(D, x));
+    j := PositionProperty(L, y -> y in LClass(D, x));
+
+    return Objectify(TypeReesMatrixSemigroupElements(rms),
+                     [i, (rep * RR[i] * x * LL[j]) ^ map, j, mat]);
+  end;
+
+  inv := function(x)
+    if x![1] = 0 then
+      return fail;
+    fi;
+    return R[x![1]] * (x![2] ^ InverseGeneralMapping(map)) * L[x![3]];
+  end;
+  hom := MappingByFunction(D, rms, iso, inv);
+  SetIsInjective(hom, true);
+  SetIsTotal(hom, true);
+  return hom;
+end;
+
+#############################################################################
+## 1. Default methods, for which there are currently no better methods.
+#############################################################################
+
+# Don't use ClosureSemigroup here since the order of the generators matters
+# and ClosureSemigroup shuffles the generators.
+
+InstallMethod(GeneratorsSmallest,
+"for a semigroup with CanUseFroidurePin",
+[CanUseFroidurePin],
+function(S)
+  local iter, gens, T, closure, x;
+
+  iter := IteratorSorted(S);
+  gens := [NextIterator(iter)];
+  T    := Semigroup(gens);
+
+  if CanUseLibsemigroupsFroidurePin(S) then
+    closure := {S, coll, opts} ->
+               ClosureSemigroupOrMonoidNC(Semigroup, S, coll, opts);
+  else
+    closure := ClosureSemigroup;
+  fi;
+
+  for x in iter do
+    if not x in T then
+      T := closure(T, [x], SEMIGROUPS.OptionsRec(T));
+      Add(gens, x);
+      if T = S then
+        break;
+      fi;
+    fi;
+  od;
+  return gens;
+end);
+
+InstallMethod(SmallestElementSemigroup, "for a semigroup",
+[IsSemigroup],
+function(S)
+  if not IsFinite(S) then
+    TryNextMethod();
+  fi;
+  return NextIterator(IteratorSorted(S));
+end);
+
+InstallMethod(LargestElementSemigroup, "for a semigroup",
+[IsSemigroup],
+function(S)
+  if not IsFinite(S) then
+    TryNextMethod();
+  fi;
+  return EnumeratorSorted(S)[Size(S)];
+end);
+
+InstallMethod(NrIdempotents, "for a semigroup", [IsSemigroup],
+S -> Length(Idempotents(S)));
+
+InstallMethod(GroupOfUnits, "for a semigroup", [IsSemigroup],
+function(S)
+  local H, map, U, iso;
+
+  if not IsFinite(S) then
+    TryNextMethod();
+  elif MultiplicativeNeutralElement(S) = fail then
+    return fail;
+  fi;
+
+  H := GreensHClassOfElementNC(S, MultiplicativeNeutralElement(S));
+  map := IsomorphismPermGroup(H);
+
+  U := Semigroup(List(GeneratorsOfGroup(Range(map)),
+                      x -> x ^ InverseGeneralMapping(map)));
+
+  iso := SemigroupIsomorphismByFunctionNC(U,
+                                          Range(map),
+                                          x -> x ^ map,
+                                          x -> x ^ InverseGeneralMapping(map));
+  SetIsomorphismPermGroup(U, iso);
+  SetIsGroupAsSemigroup(U, true);
+  UseIsomorphismRelation(U, Range(iso));
+  return U;
+end);
+
+# same method for ideals
+
+InstallMethod(IsomorphismReesMatrixSemigroup, "for a D-class",
+[IsGreensDClass],
+function(D)
+  if NrIdempotents(D) <> NrHClasses(D) then
+    ErrorNoReturn("the argument (a Green's D-class) is not a semigroup");
+  fi;
+
+  return InjectionPrincipalFactor(D);
+end);
+
+# same method for ideal
+
+InstallMethod(IrredundantGeneratingSubset,
+"for a multiplicative element collection",
+[IsMultiplicativeElementCollection],
+function(coll)
+  local gens, nrgens, deg, out, redund, i, x;
+
+  if (IsSemigroup(coll) and HasGeneratorsOfSemigroup(coll))
+      or (HasIsSemigroupIdeal(coll) and IsSemigroupIdeal(coll)) then
+    coll := ShallowCopy(GeneratorsOfSemigroup(coll));
+  elif not IsMutable(coll) then
+    coll := ShallowCopy(coll);
+  fi;
+
+  if Size(coll) = 1 then
+    return coll;
+  fi;
+
+  gens := Set(coll);
+  nrgens := Length(gens);
+
+  if nrgens = 1 then
+    return gens;
+  elif IsGeneratorsOfActingSemigroup(coll) then
+    deg := ActionDegree(coll);
+    Shuffle(coll);
+    Sort(coll, {x, y} -> ActionRank(x, deg) > ActionRank(y, deg));
+  fi;
+
+  out := EmptyPlist(Length(coll));
+  redund := EmptyPlist(Length(coll));
+  i := 0;
+
+  repeat
+    i := i + 1;
+    x := coll[i];
+    if InfoLevel(InfoSemigroups) >= 3 then
+      PrintFormatted(
+        "at \t{} of \t{} with \t{} redundant, \t{} non-redundant\n",
+        i,
+        Length(coll),
+        Length(redund),
+        Length(out));
+    fi;
+
+    if not x in redund and not x in out then
+      if Length(gens) > 1 and x in Semigroup(Difference(gens, [x])) then
+        AddSet(redund, x);
+        gens := Difference(gens, [x]);
+      else
+        AddSet(out, x);
+      fi;
+    fi;
+  until Length(redund) + Length(out) = nrgens;
+
+  if InfoLevel(InfoSemigroups) >= 3 then
+    Print("\n");
+  fi;
+
+  return out;
+end);
+
+# same method for ideals
+
+InstallMethod(MinimalIdeal, "for a semigroup",
+[IsSemigroup],
+function(S)
+  local I;
+  if not IsFinite(S) then
+    TryNextMethod();
+  fi;
+  I := SemigroupIdealByGeneratorsNC(S,
+                                    [RepresentativeOfMinimalIdeal(S)],
+                                    SEMIGROUPS.OptionsRec(S));
+  SetIsSimpleSemigroup(I, true);
+  return I;
+end);
+
+InstallMethod(PrincipalFactor, "for a Green's D-class",
+[IsGreensDClass], D -> Range(InjectionPrincipalFactor(D)));
+
+InstallMethod(NormalizedPrincipalFactor, "for a Green's D-class",
+[IsGreensDClass], D -> Range(InjectionNormalizedPrincipalFactor(D)));
+
+# different method for ideals, not yet implemented
+
+InstallMethod(SmallSemigroupGeneratingSet, "for a list or collection",
+[IsListOrCollection],
+function(coll)
+  if Length(coll) < 2 then
+    return coll;
+  fi;
+  return GeneratorsOfSemigroup(Semigroup(coll, rec(small := true)));
+end);
+
+# different method for ideals, not yet implemented
+
+InstallMethod(SmallSemigroupGeneratingSet,
+"for a finite semigroup", [IsSemigroup and IsFinite],
+S -> SmallSemigroupGeneratingSet(GeneratorsOfSemigroup(S)));
+
+InstallMethod(SmallMonoidGeneratingSet,
+"for a multiplicative element with one collection",
+[IsMultiplicativeElementWithOneCollection],
+function(coll)
+  if Length(coll) < 2 then
+    return coll;
+  fi;
+  return GeneratorsOfMonoid(Monoid(coll, rec(small := true)));
+end);
+
+# same method for ideals
+
+InstallMethod(SmallMonoidGeneratingSet, "for a finite monoid",
+[IsFinite and IsMonoid],
+function(S)
+  if Length(GeneratorsOfMonoid(S)) < 2 then
+    return GeneratorsOfMonoid(S);
+  fi;
+  return SmallMonoidGeneratingSet(GeneratorsOfMonoid(S));
+end);
+
+InstallMethod(SmallInverseSemigroupGeneratingSet,
+"for a multiplicative element coll",
+[IsMultiplicativeElementCollection],
+function(coll)
+  if not IsGeneratorsOfInverseSemigroup(coll) then
+    ErrorNoReturn("the argument (a mult. elt. coll.) does not ",
+                  "satisfy IsGeneratorsOfInverseSemigroup");
+  fi;
+  if Length(coll) < 2 then
+    return coll;
+  fi;
+  return GeneratorsOfInverseSemigroup(InverseSemigroup(coll,
+                                                       rec(small := true)));
+end);
+
+InstallMethod(SmallInverseSemigroupGeneratingSet,
+"for an inverse semigroup with inverse op",
+[IsInverseSemigroup and IsGeneratorsOfInverseSemigroup],
+S -> SmallSemigroupGeneratingSet(GeneratorsOfInverseSemigroup(S)));
+
+InstallMethod(SmallInverseMonoidGeneratingSet,
+"for generators of an inverse monoid",
+[IsMultiplicativeElementWithOneCollection],
+function(coll)
+  if not IsGeneratorsOfInverseSemigroup(coll) then
+    ErrorNoReturn("the argument (a mult. elt. coll.) do not satisfy ",
+                  "IsGeneratorsOfInverseSemigroup");
+  fi;
+  # The empty list does not satisfy IsGeneratorsOfInverseSemigroup
+  Assert(1, not IsEmpty(coll));
+  if Length(coll) = 1 then
+    if coll[1] = One(coll) then
+      return [];
+    fi;
+    return coll;
+  fi;
+  return GeneratorsOfInverseMonoid(InverseMonoid(coll, rec(small := true)));
+end);
+
+InstallMethod(SmallInverseMonoidGeneratingSet,
+"for an inverse monoid with inverse op",
+[IsInverseMonoid and IsGeneratorsOfInverseSemigroup],
+function(S)
+  if IsEmpty(GeneratorsOfInverseMonoid(S)) then
+    return GeneratorsOfInverseMonoid(S);
+  fi;
+  return SmallMonoidGeneratingSet(GeneratorsOfInverseMonoid(S));
+end);
+
+InstallMethod(SmallGeneratingSet, "for a semigroup",
+[IsSemigroup],
+function(S)
+
+  if HasGeneratorsOfSemigroupIdeal(S) then
+    return MinimalIdealGeneratingSet(S);
+  elif HasGeneratorsOfInverseMonoid(S) then
+    return SmallInverseMonoidGeneratingSet(S);
+  elif HasGeneratorsOfInverseSemigroup(S) then
+    return SmallInverseSemigroupGeneratingSet(S);
+  elif HasGeneratorsOfMonoid(S) then
+    return SmallMonoidGeneratingSet(S);
+  fi;
+
+  return SmallSemigroupGeneratingSet(S);
+end);
+
+InstallMethod(StructureDescription, "for a Brandt semigroup",
+[IsBrandtSemigroup],
+function(S)
+  local D;
+  D := MaximalDClasses(S)[1];
+  return Concatenation("B(", StructureDescription(GroupHClass(D)), ", ",
+                       String(NrRClasses(D)), ")");
+end);
+
+# same method for ideals
+
+InstallMethod(StructureDescription, "for a group as semigroup",
+[IsGroupAsSemigroup],
+function(S)
+  if IsGroup(S) then
+    TryNextMethod();
+  fi;
+  return StructureDescription(Range(IsomorphismPermGroup(S)));
+end);
+
+# same method for ideals
+
+InstallMethod(MultiplicativeZero, "for a semigroup",
+[IsSemigroup],
+function(S)
+  local gens, D, rep;
+
+  if IsSemigroupIdeal(S)
+      and HasMultiplicativeZero(SupersemigroupOfIdeal(S)) then
+    return MultiplicativeZero(SupersemigroupOfIdeal(S));
+  elif HasMinimalDClass(S) then
+    D := MinimalDClass(S);
+    if HasSize(D) then
+      if IsTrivial(D) then
+        return Representative(D);
+      fi;
+      return fail;
+    fi;
+  elif IsSemigroupIdeal(S) then
+    return MultiplicativeZero(SupersemigroupOfIdeal(S));
+  elif not IsFinite(S) then
+    Info(InfoWarning,
+         1,
+         "may not be able to find the multiplicative zero, ",
+         "the semigroup is infinite");
+    # Cannot currently test this line, because the next method runs forever
+    TryNextMethod();
+  fi;
+
+  rep := RepresentativeOfMinimalIdeal(S);
+  gens := GeneratorsOfSemigroup(S);
+
+  if ForAll(gens, x -> x * rep = rep and rep * x = rep) then
+    return rep;
+  fi;
+
+  return fail;
+end);
+
+InstallMethod(MultiplicativeZero, "for a free semigroup",
+[IsFreeSemigroup], ReturnFail);
+
+InstallMethod(MultiplicativeZero, "for a free inverse semigroup",
+[IsFreeInverseSemigroup], ReturnFail);
+
+InstallMethod(LengthOfLongestDClassChain, "for a semigroup",
+[IsSemigroup],
+function(S)
+  local D, min;
+
+  if not IsFinite(S) then
+    TryNextMethod();
+  fi;
+
+  D := DigraphReverse(PartialOrderOfDClasses(S));
+  Assert(1, Length(DigraphSources(D)) = 1);
+  min := DigraphSources(D)[1];  # minimal D-class
+  SetMinimalDClass(S, GreensDClasses(S)[min]);
+  SetRepresentativeOfMinimalIdeal(S, Representative(
+                                     GreensDClasses(S)[min]));
+
+  return DigraphLongestDistanceFromVertex(D, min);
+end);
+
+InstallMethod(NilpotencyDegree, "for a finite semigroup",
+[IsSemigroup and IsFinite],
+function(S)
+  if not IsNilpotentSemigroup(S) then
+    return fail;
+  fi;
+  return LengthOfLongestDClassChain(S) + 1;
+end);
+
+InstallMethod(MinimalDClass, "for a semigroup", [IsSemigroup],
+S -> GreensDClassOfElementNC(S, RepresentativeOfMinimalIdeal(S)));
+
+#############################################################################
+## 2. Methods for attributes where there are known better methods for acting
+##    semigroups.
+#############################################################################
+
+InstallMethod(IsGreensDGreaterThanFunc,
+"for a semigroup with CanUseFroidurePin",
+[IsSemigroup and CanUseFroidurePin],
+function(S)
+  local D, id;
+
+  if not IsFinite(S) then
+    TryNextMethod();
+  fi;
+
+  D := PartialOrderOfDClasses(S);
+  id := GreensDRelation(S)!.data.id;
+
+  return function(x, y)
+    local u, v;
+    if x = y then
+      return false;
+    fi;
+    u := id[PositionCanonical(S, x)];
+    v := id[PositionCanonical(S, y)];
+    return u <> v and IsReachable(D, u, v);
+  end;
+end);
+
+InstallMethod(MaximalDClasses,
+"for a semigroup with CanUseFroidurePin",
+[IsSemigroup and CanUseFroidurePin],
+function(S)
+  local D;
+  if NrDClasses(S) = 1 then
+    return DClasses(S);
+  fi;
+  D := PartialOrderOfDClasses(S);
+  return DClasses(S){DigraphSources(D)};
+end);
+
+InstallMethod(MaximalDClasses,
+"for a finite monoid as semigroup with mult. neutral elt",
+[IsFinite and IsMonoidAsSemigroup and HasMultiplicativeNeutralElement],
+S -> [DClass(S, MultiplicativeNeutralElement(S))]);
+
+InstallMethod(MaximalLClasses,
+"for a semigroup that CanUseFroidurePin",
+[IsSemigroup and CanUseFroidurePin],
+function(S)
+
+  if NrLClasses(S) = 1 then
+    return LClasses(S);
+  fi;
+
+  return LClasses(S){DigraphSources(PartialOrderOfLClasses(S))};
+end);
+
+InstallMethod(MaximalRClasses,
+"for a semigroup that CanUseFroidurePin",
+[IsSemigroup and CanUseFroidurePin],
+function(S)
+
+  if NrRClasses(S) = 1 then
+    return RClasses(S);
+  fi;
+
+  return RClasses(S){DigraphSources(PartialOrderOfRClasses(S))};
+end);
+
+# same method for ideals
+
+InstallMethod(StructureDescriptionMaximalSubgroups,
+"for a semigroup", [IsSemigroup],
+function(S)
+  local out, D;
+
+  if not IsFinite(S) then
+    TryNextMethod();
+  fi;
+
+  out := [];
+  for D in RegularDClasses(S) do
+    AddSet(out, StructureDescription(GroupHClass(D)));
+  od;
+
+  return out;
+end);
+
+InstallMethod(IdempotentGeneratedSubsemigroup, "for a semigroup",
+[IsSemigroup],
+function(S)
+  local out;
+  if not IsFinite(S) then
+    TryNextMethod();
+  fi;
+  out := Semigroup(Idempotents(S), rec(small := true));
+  SetIsIdempotentGenerated(out, true);
+  if HasIsSemigroupWithCommutingIdempotents(S)
+      and IsSemigroupWithCommutingIdempotents(S) then
+    SetIsSemigroupWithCommutingIdempotents(out, true);
+  fi;
+  return out;
+end);
+
+InstallMethod(IdempotentGeneratedSubsemigroup,
+"for a Rees matrix subsemigroup",
+[IsReesMatrixSubsemigroup],
+function(R)
+  local mat, I, J, nrrows, nrcols, min, max, gens, out, i;
+
+  if not IsFinite(R) or not IsReesMatrixSemigroup(R)
+      or not IsGroup(UnderlyingSemigroup(R)) then
+    TryNextMethod();
+  fi;
+
+  mat := Matrix(R);
+  I := Rows(R);
+  J := Columns(R);
+  nrrows := Length(I);
+  nrcols := Length(J);
+
+  min := Minimum(nrrows, nrcols);
+  max := Maximum(nrrows, nrcols);
+  gens := EmptyPlist(max);
+  for i in [1 .. min] do
+    Add(gens, RMSElement(R, I[i], mat[J[i]][I[i]] ^ -1, J[i]));
+  od;
+  for i in [min + 1 .. nrrows] do
+    Add(gens, RMSElement(R, I[i], mat[J[1]][I[i]] ^ -1, J[1]));
+  od;
+  for i in [min + 1 .. nrcols] do
+    Add(gens, RMSElement(R, I[1], mat[J[i]][I[1]] ^ -1, J[i]));
+  od;
+  out := Semigroup(gens);
+  SetIsRegularSemigroup(out, true);
+  SetIsIdempotentGenerated(out, true);
+  SetIsSimpleSemigroup(out, true);
+  return out;
+end);
+
+InstallMethod(IdempotentGeneratedSubsemigroup,
+"for a Rees 0-matrix subsemigroup",
+[IsReesZeroMatrixSubsemigroup],
+function(R)
+  local mat, gr, gens, I, J, nrrows, k, out, i, j;
+
+  if not IsFinite(R) or not IsReesZeroMatrixSemigroup(R)
+      or not IsGroup(UnderlyingSemigroup(R)) then
+    TryNextMethod();
+  fi;
+
+  mat := Matrix(R);
+  gr := RZMSDigraph(R);
+  gens := [];
+
+  if IsCompleteBipartiteDigraph(ReducedDigraph(gr)) or IsEmptyDigraph(gr) then
+    Add(gens, MultiplicativeZero(R));
+  fi;
+
+  gr := OutNeighbours(UndirectedSpanningForest(gr));
+  I := Rows(R);
+  J := Columns(R);
+  nrrows := Length(I);
+
+  for i in [1 .. nrrows] do
+    for j in gr[i] do
+      k := J[j - nrrows];
+      Add(gens, RMSElement(R, I[i], mat[k][I[i]] ^ -1, k));
+    od;
+  od;
+
+  out := Semigroup(gens);
+  SetIsRegularSemigroup(out, true);
+  SetIsIdempotentGenerated(out, true);
+  return out;
+end);
+
+InstallMethod(InjectionPrincipalFactor, "for a Green's D-class (Semigroups)",
+[IsGreensDClass],
+function(D)
+  if not IsRegularDClass(D) then
+    ErrorNoReturn("the argument (a Green's D-class) is not regular");
+  elif NrHClasses(D) = NrIdempotents(D) then
+    return SEMIGROUPS.InjectionPrincipalFactor(D, ReesMatrixSemigroup);
+  fi;
+  return SEMIGROUPS.InjectionPrincipalFactor(D, ReesZeroMatrixSemigroup);
+end);
+
+InstallMethod(InjectionNormalizedPrincipalFactor,
+"for a Green's D-class (Semigroups)",
+[IsGreensDClass],
+function(D)
+  local iso1, iso2, rms, inv1, inv2, iso, inv, hom;
+
+  if not IsRegularDClass(D) then
+    ErrorNoReturn("the argument (a Green's D-class) is not regular");
+  elif NrHClasses(D) = NrIdempotents(D) then
+    iso1 := SEMIGROUPS.InjectionPrincipalFactor(D, ReesMatrixSemigroup);
+    iso2 := RMSNormalization(Range(iso1));
+  else
+    iso1 := SEMIGROUPS.InjectionPrincipalFactor(D, ReesZeroMatrixSemigroup);
+    iso2 := RZMSNormalization(Range(iso1));
+  fi;
+
+  rms := Range(iso2);
+  inv1 := InverseGeneralMapping(iso1);
+  inv2 := InverseGeneralMapping(iso2);
+  iso := x -> (x ^ iso1) ^ iso2;
+  inv := x -> (x ^ inv2) ^ inv1;
+  hom := MappingByFunction(D, rms, iso, inv);
+  SetIsInjective(hom, true);
+  SetIsTotal(hom, true);
+  return hom;
+end);
+
+InstallMethod(MultiplicativeNeutralElement,
+"for a semigroup with CanUseFroidurePin + generators",
+[IsSemigroup and CanUseFroidurePin and HasGeneratorsOfSemigroup],
+function(S)
+  local D, e;
+
+  if not IsFinite(S) then
+    TryNextMethod();
+  elif IsMultiplicativeElementWithOneCollection(S) and One(S) in S then
+    return One(S);
+  elif Length(MaximalDClasses(S)) > 1 then
+    return fail;
+  fi;
+
+  D := MaximalDClasses(S)[1];
+
+  if NrHClasses(D) <> 1 or not IsRegularDClass(D) then
+    return fail;
+  fi;
+
+  e := Idempotents(D)[1];
+
+  if ForAll(GeneratorsOfSemigroup(S), x -> e * x = x and x * e = x) then
+    return e;
+  fi;
+  return fail;
+end);
+
+# same method for inverse/ideals
+
+InstallMethod(RepresentativeOfMinimalIdeal, "for a semigroup",
+[IsSemigroup],
+function(S)
+
+  if HasMultiplicativeZero(S) and MultiplicativeZero(S) <> fail then
+    return MultiplicativeZero(S);
+  elif HasIsSimpleSemigroup(S) and IsSimpleSemigroup(S) then
+    # This catches known trivial semigroups
+    return Representative(S);
+  elif IsSemigroupIdeal(S) and
+      (HasRepresentativeOfMinimalIdeal(SupersemigroupOfIdeal(S))
+       or not HasGeneratorsOfSemigroup(S)) then
+    return RepresentativeOfMinimalIdeal(SupersemigroupOfIdeal(S));
+  elif not IsFinite(S) then
+    TryNextMethod();
+  fi;
+
+  return RepresentativeOfMinimalIdealNC(S);
+end);
+
+InstallMethod(RepresentativeOfMinimalIdealNC, "for a finite semigroup",
+[IsSemigroup and IsFinite],
+function(S)
+  local D, pos;
+  D   := PartialOrderOfDClasses(S);
+  pos := DigraphSinks(D)[1];
+  Assert(1, Length(DigraphSinks(D)) = 1);
+  return Representative(DClasses(S)[pos]);
+end);
+
+InstallMethod(InversesOfSemigroupElementNC,
+"for a group as semigroup and a multiplicative element",
+[IsGroupAsSemigroup and CanUseFroidurePin, IsMultiplicativeElement],
+function(G, x)
+  local i, iso, inv;
+  if IsMultiplicativeElementWithInverse(x) then
+    i := InverseOp(x);
+    if i <> fail then
+      return [i];
+    fi;
+  fi;
+  iso := IsomorphismPermGroup(G);
+  inv := InverseGeneralMapping(iso);
+  return [((x ^ iso) ^ -1) ^ inv];
+end);
+
+InstallMethod(InversesOfSemigroupElementNC,
+"for a semigroup that can use froidure-pin and a multiplicative element",
+[CanUseFroidurePin, IsMultiplicativeElement],
+function(S, a)
+  local R, L, inverses, e, f, s;
+  R := RClass(S, a);
+  L := LClass(S, a);
+  inverses := EmptyPlist(NrIdempotents(R) * NrIdempotents(L));
+
+  for e in Idempotents(R) do
+    s := RightGreensMultiplierNC(S, a, e) * e;
+    for f in Idempotents(L) do
+      Add(inverses, f * s);
+    od;
+  od;
+  return inverses;
+end);
+
+InstallMethod(InversesOfSemigroupElement,
+"for a semigroup that can use froidure-pin and a multiplicative element",
+[CanUseFroidurePin, IsMultiplicativeElement],  # to beat the library method
+function(S, x)
+  if not IsFinite(S) then
+    TryNextMethod();
+  elif not x in S then
+    ErrorNoReturn("the 2nd argument (a mult. element) must belong to the 1st ",
+                  "argument (a semigroup)");
+  fi;
+  return InversesOfSemigroupElementNC(S, x);
+end);
+
+InstallMethod(OneInverseOfSemigroupElementNC,
+"for a semigroup and a multiplicative element",
+[IsSemigroup, IsMultiplicativeElement],
+function(S, x)
+    if not IsFinite(S) then
+        TryNextMethod();
+    fi;
+    return First(EnumeratorSorted(S),
+    y -> x * y * x = x and y * x * y = y);
+end);
+
+InstallMethod(OneInverseOfSemigroupElementNC,
+"for CanUseFroidurePin and a multiplicative element",
+[CanUseFroidurePin, IsMultiplicativeElement],
+function(S, a)
+  local R, L, e, f, s;
+  R := RClass(S, a);
+  L := LClass(S, a);
+  e := Idempotents(R);
+  if IsEmpty(e) then
+    return fail;
+  fi;
+  e := e[1];
+  f := Idempotents(L);
+  if IsEmpty(f) then
+    return fail;
+  fi;
+  f := f[1];
+  s := RightGreensMultiplierNC(S, a, e);
+  return  f * s * e;
+end);
+
+InstallMethod(OneInverseOfSemigroupElement,
+"for a semigroup and a multiplicative element",
+[IsSemigroup, IsMultiplicativeElement],
+function(S, x)
+  if not IsFinite(S) then
+    ErrorNoReturn("the semigroup is not finite");
+  elif not x in S then
+    ErrorNoReturn("the 2nd argument (a mult. element) must belong to the 1st ",
+                  "argument (a semigroup)");
+  fi;
+  return OneInverseOfSemigroupElementNC(S, x);
+end);
+
+InstallMethod(UnderlyingSemigroupOfSemigroupWithAdjoinedZero,
+"for a semigroup",
+[IsSemigroup],
+function(S)
+  local zero, gens, T;
+
+  if HasIsSemigroupWithAdjoinedZero(S)
+      and not IsSemigroupWithAdjoinedZero(S) then
+    return fail;
+  fi;
+
+  zero := MultiplicativeZero(S);
+  if zero = fail then
+    return fail;
+  fi;
+
+  gens := GeneratorsOfSemigroup(S);
+  if Length(gens) = 1 then
+    return fail;
+  elif not zero in gens then
+    return fail;
+  fi;
+
+  T := Semigroup(Difference(gens, [zero]));
+
+  if zero in T then
+    return fail;
+  fi;
+  return T;
+end);
+
+BindGlobal("_SemigroupSizeByIndexPeriod",
+function(S)
+  local gen, ind;
+  gen := MinimalSemigroupGeneratingSet(S)[1];
+  ind := IndexPeriodOfSemigroupElement(gen);
+  if ind[1] = 1 then
+    SetIsGroupAsSemigroup(S, true);
+  fi;
+  return Sum(ind) - 1;
+end);
+
+InstallMethod(Size,
+"for a monogenic transformation semigroup with minimal generating set",
+[IsMonogenicSemigroup and HasMinimalSemigroupGeneratingSet and
+ IsTransformationSemigroup],
+10,  # to beat IsActingSemigroup
+_SemigroupSizeByIndexPeriod);
+
+InstallMethod(Size,
+"for a monogenic partial perm semigroup with minimal generating set",
+[IsMonogenicSemigroup and HasMinimalSemigroupGeneratingSet and
+ IsPartialPermSemigroup],
+10,  # to beat IsActingSemigroup
+_SemigroupSizeByIndexPeriod);
+
+InstallMethod(Size,
+"for a monogenic bipartition semigroup with minimal generating set",
+[IsMonogenicSemigroup and HasMinimalSemigroupGeneratingSet and
+ IsBipartitionSemigroup],
+10,  # to beat IsActingSemigroup
+_SemigroupSizeByIndexPeriod);
+
+InstallMethod(Size,
+"for a monogenic semigroup of matrices over finite field with minimal gen set",
+[IsMonogenicSemigroup and HasMinimalSemigroupGeneratingSet and
+ IsMatrixOverFiniteFieldSemigroup],
+_SemigroupSizeByIndexPeriod);
+
+MakeReadWriteGlobal("_SemigroupSizeByIndexPeriod");
+Unbind(_SemigroupSizeByIndexPeriod);
+
+InstallMethod(IndecomposableElements, "for a semigroup", [IsSemigroup],
+function(S)
+  local out, D;
+
+  if HasIsSurjectiveSemigroup(S) and IsSurjectiveSemigroup(S) then
+    return [];
+  fi;
+  out := [];
+  for D in MaximalDClasses(S) do
+    if not IsRegularDClass(D) then
+      AddSet(out, Representative(D));
+    fi;
+  od;
+  return out;
+end);
+
+InstallMethod(MinimalSemigroupGeneratingSet, "for a free semigroup",
+[IsFreeSemigroup], GeneratorsOfSemigroup);
+
+InstallMethod(MinimalSemigroupGeneratingSet, "for a semigroup",
+[IsSemigroup],
+function(S)
+  local gens, indecomp, id, T, zero, iso, inv, G, x, D, non_unit_gens, classes,
+  po, nbs;
+
+  if IsTrivial(S) then
+    return [Representative(S)];
+  elif IsGroupAsSemigroup(S) then
+    iso := IsomorphismPermGroup(S);
+    inv := InverseGeneralMapping(iso);
+    G := Range(iso);
+    return Images(inv, MinimalGeneratingSet(G));
+  elif IsMonogenicSemigroup(S) then
+    return [Representative(MaximalDClasses(S)[1])];
+  fi;
+
+  gens := IrredundantGeneratingSubset(S);
+
+  # A semigroup that has a 2-generating set but is not monogenic has rank 2.
+  if Length(gens) = 2 then
+    return gens;
+  fi;
+
+  # A generating set for a semigroup that has either a one/zero adjoined is
+  # minimal if and only if it contains that one/zero, and is minimal for the
+  # semigroup without the one/zero.
+  if IsMonoidAsSemigroup(S) and IsTrivial(GroupOfUnits(S)) then
+    id := MultiplicativeNeutralElement(S);
+    T := Semigroup(Filtered(gens, x -> x <> id));
+    return Concatenation([id], MinimalSemigroupGeneratingSet(T));
+  elif IsSemigroupWithAdjoinedZero(S) then
+    zero := MultiplicativeZero(S);
+    T := Semigroup(Filtered(gens, x -> x <> zero));
+    return Concatenation([zero], MinimalSemigroupGeneratingSet(T));
+  fi;
+
+  # The indecomposable elements are contains in any generating set. If the
+  # indecomposable elements (or if not, the indecomposable elements plus a
+  # single element) generate the semigroup, then you have a minimal generating
+  # set.
+  indecomp := IndecomposableElements(S);
+  if Length(gens) = Length(indecomp) then
+    return indecomp;
+  elif not IsEmpty(indecomp) then
+    x := Difference(gens, Semigroup(indecomp));
+    if Length(x) = 1 then
+      return Concatenation(x, indecomp);
+    fi;
+  fi;
+
+  # A generating set for a monoid that consists of a minimal generating set for
+  # the group of units and exactly one generator in each D-class immediately
+  # below the group of units is minimal.
+  if IsMonoidAsSemigroup(S) then
+    D := DClass(S, MultiplicativeNeutralElement(S));
+    non_unit_gens := Filtered(gens, x -> not x in D);
+    classes := List(non_unit_gens, x -> Position(DClasses(S), DClass(S, x)));
+    if IsDuplicateFreeList(classes) then
+      po := PartialOrderOfDClasses(S);
+      po := DigraphReflexiveTransitiveReduction(po);
+      nbs := OutNeighboursOfVertex(po, Position(DClasses(S), D));
+      if ForAll(classes, x -> x in nbs) then
+        iso := IsomorphismPermGroup(GroupOfUnits(S));
+        inv := InverseGeneralMapping(iso);
+        G := Range(iso);
+        return Concatenation(Images(inv, MinimalGeneratingSet(G)),
+                             non_unit_gens);
+      fi;
+    fi;
+  fi;
+
+  # An irredundant generating set of a finite semigroup that contains at most
+  # one generator per D-class is minimal.
+  if IsFinite(S) and (IsDTrivial(S) or
+      Length(Set(gens, x -> DClass(S, x))) = Length(gens)) then
+    return gens;
+  fi;
+
+  ErrorNoReturn("no further methods for computing minimal generating sets ",
+                "are implemented");
+end);
+
+InstallMethod(MinimalMonoidGeneratingSet, "for a free monoid",
+[IsFreeMonoid], GeneratorsOfMonoid);
+
+InstallMethod(MinimalMonoidGeneratingSet, "for a monoid",
+[IsMonoid],
+function(S)
+  local one, gens, new;
+
+  one := One(S);
+  if IsTrivial(S) then
+    return [one];
+  fi;
+
+  gens := MinimalSemigroupGeneratingSet(S);
+  if not IsTrivial(GroupOfUnits(S)) then
+    return gens;
+  fi;
+  new := Difference(gens, [one]);
+  if One(new) = one then
+    # The One of the non-identity generators is the One, so One is not needed.
+    return new;
+  fi;
+
+  # This currently applies to only partial perm monoids: sometimes, the One
+  # of the non-One generators is not the One of the monoid. Therefore the One
+  # has to be included in the GeneratorsOfMonoid. WARNING: therefore
+  # MinimalMonoidGeneratingSet may include the One even though, mathematically,
+  # it shouldn't be needed. For example, see symmetric inverse monoid on 1 pt.
+  return gens;
+end);
+
+InstallMethod(NambooripadPartialOrder, "for a semigroup",
+[IsSemigroup],
+function(S)
+  local elts, p, func, out, i, j;
+
+  if not IsFinite(S) then
+    ErrorNoReturn("the argument (a semigroup) is not finite");
+  elif not IsRegularSemigroup(S) then
+    ErrorNoReturn("the argument (a semigroup) is not regular");
+  elif IsInverseSemigroup(S) then
+    return NaturalPartialOrder(S);
+  fi;
+
+  Info(InfoWarning, 2, "NambooripadPartialOrder: this method ",
+                       "fully enumerates its argument!");
+
+  elts := ShallowCopy(Elements(S));
+  p    := Sortex(elts, {x, y} -> IsGreensDGreaterThanFunc(S)(y, x)) ^ -1;
+  func := NambooripadLeqRegularSemigroup(S);
+  out  := List([1 .. Size(S)], x -> []);
+
+  for i in [1 .. Size(S)] do
+    for j in [i + 1 .. Size(S)] do
+      if func(elts[i], elts[j]) then
+        AddSet(out[j ^ p], i ^ p);
+      fi;
+    od;
+  od;
+  return out;
+end);
+
+InstallMethod(NambooripadLeqRegularSemigroup, "for a semigroup",
+[IsSemigroup],
+function(S)
+  if not IsFinite(S) then
+    ErrorNoReturn("the argument (a semigroup) is not finite");
+  elif not IsRegularSemigroup(S) then
+    ErrorNoReturn("the argument (a semigroup) is not regular");
+  elif IsInverseSemigroup(S) then
+    return NaturalLeqInverseSemigroup(S);
+  fi;
+
+  return
+    function(x, y)
+      local E;
+      E := Idempotents(S);
+      return ForAny(E, e -> e * y = x)
+        and ForAny(E, f -> y * f = x);
+    end;
+end);
+
+InstallMethod(LeftIdentity,
+"for semigroup with CanUseFroidurePin and mult. elt.",
+[IsSemigroup and CanUseFroidurePin, IsMultiplicativeElement],
+function(S, x)
+  local i, p, result;
+  if not x in S then
+    Error("the 2nd argument (a mult. elt.) does not belong to the 1st ",
+          "argument (a semigroup)");
+  elif IsMonoid(S) then
+    return One(S);
+  elif IsMonoidAsSemigroup(S) then
+    return MultiplicativeNeutralElement(S);
+  elif IsIdempotent(x) then
+    return x;
+  fi;
+
+  i := PositionCanonical(S, x);
+  p := DigraphPath(LeftCayleyDigraph(S), i, i);
+  if p = fail then
+    return fail;
+  fi;
+  result := EvaluateWord(GeneratorsOfSemigroup(S), Reversed(p[2]));
+  return result ^ SmallestIdempotentPower(result);
+end);
+
+InstallMethod(RightIdentity,
+"for semgroup with CanUseFroidurePin and mult. elt.",
+[IsSemigroup and CanUseFroidurePin, IsMultiplicativeElement],
+function(S, x)
+  local i, p, result;
+  if not x in S then
+    Error("the 2nd argument (a mult. elt.) does not belong to the 1st ",
+          "argument (a semigroup)");
+  elif IsMonoid(S) then
+    return One(S);
+  elif IsMonoidAsSemigroup(S) then
+    return MultiplicativeNeutralElement(S);
+  elif IsIdempotent(x) then
+    return x;
+  fi;
+
+  i := PositionCanonical(S, x);
+  p := DigraphPath(RightCayleyDigraph(S), i, i);
+  if p = fail then
+    return fail;
+  fi;
+  result := EvaluateWord(GeneratorsOfSemigroup(S), p[2]);
+  return result ^ SmallestIdempotentPower(result);
+end);
+
+InstallMethod(MultiplicationTableWithCanonicalPositions,
+"for a semigroup with CanUseFroidurePin",
+[IsSemigroup and CanUseFroidurePin],
+function(S)
+  local n, sortedlist, t, tinv, M;
+  n          := Size(S);
+  sortedlist := AsSortedList(S);
+
+  t    := PermList(List([1 .. n], i -> PositionCanonical(S, sortedlist[i])));
+  tinv := t ^ -1;
+  M    := MultiplicationTable(S);
+
+  return List([1 .. n], i -> List([1 .. n], j -> M[i ^ tinv][j ^ tinv] ^ t));
+end);
+
+InstallMethod(TransposedMultiplicationTableWithCanonicalPositions,
+"for a semigroup with CanUseFroidurePin",
+[IsSemigroup and CanUseFroidurePin],
+S -> TransposedMat(MultiplicationTableWithCanonicalPositions(S)));
+
+InstallMethod(MinimalFaithfulTransformationDegree, "for a right zero semigroup",
+[IsRightZeroSemigroup],
+function(S)
+  local max, deg;
+
+  max := 0;
+  deg := 0;
+  while max < Size(S) do
+    deg := deg + 1;
+    if (deg mod 3) = 0 then
+      max := 3 ^ (deg / 3);
+    elif (deg mod 3) = 1 then
+      max := 4 * 3 ^ ((deg - 4) / 3);
+    else
+      max := 2 * 3 ^ ((deg - 2) / 3);
+    fi;
+  od;
+  return deg;
+end);
+
+InstallMethod(MinimalFaithfulTransformationDegree, "for a left zero semigroup",
+[IsLeftZeroSemigroup],
+function(S)
+  local max, deg, N, r;
+  max := 0;
+  deg := 0;
+  while max < Size(S) do
+    deg := deg + 1;
+    for r in [1 .. deg - 1] do
+      N := r ^ (deg - r);
+      if N > max then
+        max := N;
+      fi;
+    od;
+  od;
+  return deg;
+end);