paddlex 2.1.0__py3-none-any.whl → 3.0.0rc0__py3-none-any.whl

paddlex/inference/pipelines/layout_parsing/utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2385 @@
+# copyright (c) 2024 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserve.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+__all__ = [
+    "get_sub_regions_ocr_res",
+    "get_layout_ordering",
+    "get_single_block_parsing_res",
+    "get_show_color",
+    "sorted_layout_boxes",
+]
+
+import numpy as np
+from PIL import Image
+import uuid
+import re
+from pathlib import Path
+from copy import deepcopy
+from typing import Optional, Union, List, Tuple, Dict, Any
+from ..ocr.result import OCRResult
+from ...models.object_detection.result import DetResult
+from ..components import convert_points_to_boxes
+
+
+def get_overlap_boxes_idx(src_boxes: np.ndarray, ref_boxes: np.ndarray) -> List:
+    """
+    Get the indices of source boxes that overlap with reference boxes based on a specified threshold.
+
+    Args:
+        src_boxes (np.ndarray): A 2D numpy array of source bounding boxes.
+        ref_boxes (np.ndarray): A 2D numpy array of reference bounding boxes.
+    Returns:
+        match_idx_list (list): A list of indices of source boxes that overlap with reference boxes.
+    """
+    match_idx_list = []
+    src_boxes_num = len(src_boxes)
+    if src_boxes_num > 0 and len(ref_boxes) > 0:
+        for rno in range(len(ref_boxes)):
+            ref_box = ref_boxes[rno]
+            x1 = np.maximum(ref_box[0], src_boxes[:, 0])
+            y1 = np.maximum(ref_box[1], src_boxes[:, 1])
+            x2 = np.minimum(ref_box[2], src_boxes[:, 2])
+            y2 = np.minimum(ref_box[3], src_boxes[:, 3])
+            pub_w = x2 - x1
+            pub_h = y2 - y1
+            match_idx = np.where((pub_w > 3) & (pub_h > 3))[0]
+            match_idx_list.extend(match_idx)
+    return match_idx_list
+
+
+def get_sub_regions_ocr_res(
+    overall_ocr_res: OCRResult,
+    object_boxes: List,
+    flag_within: bool = True,
+    return_match_idx: bool = False,
+) -> OCRResult:
+    """
+    Filters OCR results to only include text boxes within specified object boxes based on a flag.
+
+    Args:
+        overall_ocr_res (OCRResult): The original OCR result containing all text boxes.
+        object_boxes (list): A list of bounding boxes for the objects of interest.
+        flag_within (bool): If True, only include text boxes within the object boxes. If False, exclude text boxes within the object boxes.
+        return_match_idx (bool): If True, return the list of matching indices.
+
+    Returns:
+        OCRResult: A filtered OCR result containing only the relevant text boxes.
+    """
+    sub_regions_ocr_res = {}
+    sub_regions_ocr_res["rec_polys"] = []
+    sub_regions_ocr_res["rec_texts"] = []
+    sub_regions_ocr_res["rec_scores"] = []
+    sub_regions_ocr_res["rec_boxes"] = []
+
+    overall_text_boxes = overall_ocr_res["rec_boxes"]
+    match_idx_list = get_overlap_boxes_idx(overall_text_boxes, object_boxes)
+    match_idx_list = list(set(match_idx_list))
+    for box_no in range(len(overall_text_boxes)):
+        if flag_within:
+            if box_no in match_idx_list:
+                flag_match = True
+            else:
+                flag_match = False
+        else:
+            if box_no not in match_idx_list:
+                flag_match = True
+            else:
+                flag_match = False
+        if flag_match:
+            sub_regions_ocr_res["rec_polys"].append(
+                overall_ocr_res["rec_polys"][box_no]
+            )
+            sub_regions_ocr_res["rec_texts"].append(
+                overall_ocr_res["rec_texts"][box_no]
+            )
+            sub_regions_ocr_res["rec_scores"].append(
+                overall_ocr_res["rec_scores"][box_no]
+            )
+            sub_regions_ocr_res["rec_boxes"].append(
+                overall_ocr_res["rec_boxes"][box_no]
+            )
+    for key in ["rec_polys", "rec_scores", "rec_boxes"]:
+        sub_regions_ocr_res[key] = np.array(sub_regions_ocr_res[key])
+    return (
+        (sub_regions_ocr_res, match_idx_list)
+        if return_match_idx
+        else sub_regions_ocr_res
+    )
+
+
+def sorted_layout_boxes(res, w):
+    """
+    Sort text boxes in order from top to bottom, left to right
+    Args:
+        res: List of dictionaries containing layout information.
+        w: Width of image.
+
+    Returns:
+        List of dictionaries containing sorted layout information.
+    """
+    num_boxes = len(res)
+    if num_boxes == 1:
+        return res
+
+    # Sort on the y axis first or sort it on the x axis
+    sorted_boxes = sorted(res, key=lambda x: (x["block_bbox"][1], x["block_bbox"][0]))
+    _boxes = list(sorted_boxes)
+
+    new_res = []
+    res_left = []
+    res_right = []
+    i = 0
+
+    while True:
+        if i >= num_boxes:
+            break
+        # Check that the bbox is on the left
+        elif (
+            _boxes[i]["block_bbox"][0] < w / 4
+            and _boxes[i]["block_bbox"][2] < 3 * w / 5
+        ):
+            res_left.append(_boxes[i])
+            i += 1
+        elif _boxes[i]["block_bbox"][0] > 2 * w / 5:
+            res_right.append(_boxes[i])
+            i += 1
+        else:
+            new_res += res_left
+            new_res += res_right
+            new_res.append(_boxes[i])
+            res_left = []
+            res_right = []
+            i += 1
+
+    res_left = sorted(res_left, key=lambda x: (x["block_bbox"][1]))
+    res_right = sorted(res_right, key=lambda x: (x["block_bbox"][1]))
+
+    if res_left:
+        new_res += res_left
+    if res_right:
+        new_res += res_right
+
+    return new_res
+
+
+def _calculate_overlap_area_div_minbox_area_ratio(
+    bbox1: Union[list, tuple],
+    bbox2: Union[list, tuple],
+) -> float:
+    """
+    Calculate the ratio of the overlap area between bbox1 and bbox2
+    to the area of the smaller bounding box.
+
+    Args:
+        bbox1 (list or tuple): Coordinates of the first bounding box [x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max].
+        bbox2 (list or tuple): Coordinates of the second bounding box [x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max].
+
+    Returns:
+        float: The ratio of the overlap area to the area of the smaller bounding box.
+    """
+    bbox1 = list(map(int, bbox1))
+    bbox2 = list(map(int, bbox2))
+
+    x_left = max(bbox1[0], bbox2[0])
+    y_top = max(bbox1[1], bbox2[1])
+    x_right = min(bbox1[2], bbox2[2])
+    y_bottom = min(bbox1[3], bbox2[3])
+
+    if x_right <= x_left or y_bottom <= y_top:
+        return 0.0
+
+    intersection_area = (x_right - x_left) * (y_bottom - y_top)
+    area_bbox1 = (bbox1[2] - bbox1[0]) * (bbox1[3] - bbox1[1])
+    area_bbox2 = (bbox2[2] - bbox2[0]) * (bbox2[3] - bbox2[1])
+    min_box_area = min(area_bbox1, area_bbox2)
+
+    if min_box_area <= 0:
+        return 0.0
+
+    return intersection_area / min_box_area
+
+
+def _whether_y_overlap_exceeds_threshold(
+    bbox1: Union[list, tuple],
+    bbox2: Union[list, tuple],
+    overlap_ratio_threshold: float = 0.6,
+) -> bool:
+    """
+    Determines whether the vertical overlap between two bounding boxes exceeds a given threshold.
+
+    Args:
+        bbox1 (list or tuple): The first bounding box defined as (left, top, right, bottom).
+        bbox2 (list or tuple): The second bounding box defined as (left, top, right, bottom).
+        overlap_ratio_threshold (float): The threshold ratio to determine if the overlap is significant.
+                                         Defaults to 0.6.
+
+    Returns:
+        bool: True if the vertical overlap divided by the minimum height of the two bounding boxes
+              exceeds the overlap_ratio_threshold, otherwise False.
+    """
+    _, y1_0, _, y1_1 = bbox1
+    _, y2_0, _, y2_1 = bbox2
+
+    overlap = max(0, min(y1_1, y2_1) - max(y1_0, y2_0))
+    min_height = min(y1_1 - y1_0, y2_1 - y2_0)
+
+    return (overlap / min_height) > overlap_ratio_threshold
+
+
+def _adjust_span_text(span: List[str], prepend: bool = False, append: bool = False):
+    """
+    Adjust the text of a span by prepending or appending a newline.
+
+    Args:
+        span (list): A list where the second element is the text of the span.
+        prepend (bool): If True, prepend a newline to the text.
+        append (bool): If True, append a newline to the text.
+
+    Returns:
+        None: The function modifies the span in place.
+    """
+    if prepend:
+        span[1] = "\n" + span[1]
+    if append:
+        span[1] = span[1] + "\n"
+    return span
+
+
+def _format_line(
+    line: List[List[Union[List[int], str]]],
+    layout_min: int,
+    layout_max: int,
+    is_reference: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Format a line of text spans based on layout constraints.
+
+    Args:
+        line (list): A list of spans, where each span is a list containing a bounding box and text.
+        layout_min (int): The minimum x-coordinate of the layout bounding box.
+        layout_max (int): The maximum x-coordinate of the layout bounding box.
+        is_reference (bool): A flag indicating whether the line is a reference line, which affects formatting rules.
+
+    Returns:
+        None: The function modifies the line in place.
+    """
+    first_span = line[0]
+    end_span = line[-1]
+
+    if not is_reference:
+        if first_span[0][0] - layout_min > 10:
+            first_span = _adjust_span_text(first_span, prepend=True)
+        if layout_max - end_span[0][2] > 10:
+            end_span = _adjust_span_text(end_span, append=True)
+    else:
+        if first_span[0][0] - layout_min < 5:
+            first_span = _adjust_span_text(first_span, prepend=True)
+        if layout_max - end_span[0][2] > 20:
+            end_span = _adjust_span_text(end_span, append=True)
+
+    line[0] = first_span
+    line[-1] = end_span
+
+    return line
+
+
+def split_boxes_if_x_contained(boxes, offset=1e-5):
+    """
+    Check if there is any complete containment in the x-direction
+    between the bounding boxes and split the containing box accordingly.
+
+    Args:
+        boxes (list of lists): Each element is a list containing an ndarray of length 4, a description, and a label.
+        offset (float): A small offset value to ensure that the split boxes are not too close to the original boxes.
+    Returns:
+        A new list of boxes, including split boxes, with the same `rec_text` and `label` attributes.
+    """
+
+    def is_x_contained(box_a, box_b):
+        """Check if box_a completely contains box_b in the x-direction."""
+        return box_a[0][0] <= box_b[0][0] and box_a[0][2] >= box_b[0][2]
+
+    new_boxes = []
+
+    for i in range(len(boxes)):
+        box_a = boxes[i]
+        is_split = False
+        for j in range(len(boxes)):
+            if i == j:
+                continue
+            box_b = boxes[j]
+            if is_x_contained(box_a, box_b):
+                is_split = True
+                # Split box_a based on the x-coordinates of box_b
+                if box_a[0][0] < box_b[0][0]:
+                    w = box_b[0][0] - offset - box_a[0][0]
+                    if w > 1:
+                        new_boxes.append(
+                            [
+                                np.array(
+                                    [
+                                        box_a[0][0],
+                                        box_a[0][1],
+                                        box_b[0][0] - offset,
+                                        box_a[0][3],
+                                    ]
+                                ),
+                                box_a[1],
+                                box_a[2],
+                            ]
+                        )
+                if box_a[0][2] > box_b[0][2]:
+                    w = box_a[0][2] - box_b[0][2] + offset
+                    if w > 1:
+                        box_a = [
+                            np.array(
+                                [
+                                    box_b[0][2] + offset,
+                                    box_a[0][1],
+                                    box_a[0][2],
+                                    box_a[0][3],
+                                ]
+                            ),
+                            box_a[1],
+                            box_a[2],
+                        ]
+            if j == len(boxes) - 1 and is_split:
+                new_boxes.append(box_a)
+        if not is_split:
+            new_boxes.append(box_a)
+
+    return new_boxes
+
+
+def _sort_line_by_x_projection(
+    input_img: np.ndarray,
+    general_ocr_pipeline: Any,
+    line: List[List[Union[List[int], str]]],
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Sort a line of text spans based on their vertical position within the layout bounding box.
+
+    Args:
+        input_img (ndarray): The input image used for OCR.
+        general_ocr_pipeline (Any): The general OCR pipeline used for text recognition.
+        line (list): A list of spans, where each span is a list containing a bounding box and text.
+
+    Returns:
+        list: The sorted line of text spans.
+    """
+    splited_boxes = split_boxes_if_x_contained(line)
+    splited_lines = []
+    if len(line) != len(splited_boxes):
+        splited_boxes.sort(key=lambda span: span[0][0])
+        text_rec_model = general_ocr_pipeline.text_rec_model
+        for span in splited_boxes:
+            if span[2] == "text":
+                crop_img = input_img[
+                    int(span[0][1]) : int(span[0][3]),
+                    int(span[0][0]) : int(span[0][2]),
+                ]
+                span[1] = next(text_rec_model([crop_img]))["rec_text"]
+            splited_lines.append(span)
+    else:
+        splited_lines = line
+
+    return splited_lines
+
+
+def _sort_ocr_res_by_y_projection(
+    input_img: np.ndarray,
+    general_ocr_pipeline: Any,
+    label: Any,
+    block_bbox: Tuple[int, int, int, int],
+    ocr_res: Dict[str, List[Any]],
+    line_height_iou_threshold: float = 0.7,
+) -> Dict[str, List[Any]]:
+    """
+    Sorts OCR results based on their spatial arrangement, grouping them into lines and blocks.
+
+    Args:
+        input_img (ndarray): The input image used for OCR.
+        general_ocr_pipeline (Any): The general OCR pipeline used for text recognition.
+        label (Any): The label associated with the OCR results. It's not used in the function but might be
+                     relevant for other parts of the calling context.
+        block_bbox (Tuple[int, int, int, int]): A tuple representing the layout bounding box, defined as
+                                                 (left, top, right, bottom).
+        ocr_res (Dict[str, List[Any]]): A dictionary containing OCR results with the following keys:
+            - "boxes": A list of bounding boxes, each defined as [left, top, right, bottom].
+            - "rec_texts": A corresponding list of recognized text strings for each box.
+        line_height_iou_threshold (float): The threshold for determining whether two boxes belong to
+                                           the same line based on their vertical overlap. Defaults to 0.7.
+
+    Returns:
+        Dict[str, List[Any]]: A dictionary with the same structure as `ocr_res`, but with boxes and texts sorted
+                              and grouped into lines and blocks.
+    """
+    assert (
+        ocr_res["boxes"] and ocr_res["rec_texts"]
+    ), "OCR results must contain 'boxes' and 'rec_texts'"
+
+    boxes = ocr_res["boxes"]
+    rec_texts = ocr_res["rec_texts"]
+    rec_labels = ocr_res["rec_labels"]
+
+    x_min, _, x_max, _ = block_bbox
+    inline_x_min = min([box[0] for box in boxes])
+    inline_x_max = max([box[2] for box in boxes])
+
+    spans = list(zip(boxes, rec_texts, rec_labels))
+
+    spans.sort(key=lambda span: span[0][1])
+    spans = [list(span) for span in spans]
+
+    lines = []
+    current_line = [spans[0]]
+    current_y0, current_y1 = spans[0][0][1], spans[0][0][3]
+
+    for span in spans[1:]:
+        y0, y1 = span[0][1], span[0][3]
+        if _whether_y_overlap_exceeds_threshold(
+            (0, current_y0, 0, current_y1),
+            (0, y0, 0, y1),
+            line_height_iou_threshold,
+        ):
+            current_line.append(span)
+            current_y0 = min(current_y0, y0)
+            current_y1 = max(current_y1, y1)
+        else:
+            lines.append(current_line)
+            current_line = [span]
+            current_y0, current_y1 = y0, y1
+
+    if current_line:
+        lines.append(current_line)
+
+    new_lines = []
+    for line in lines:
+        line.sort(key=lambda span: span[0][0])
+
+        ocr_labels = [span[2] for span in line]
+        if "formula" in ocr_labels:
+            line = _sort_line_by_x_projection(input_img, general_ocr_pipeline, line)
+        if label == "reference":
+            line = _format_line(line, inline_x_min, inline_x_max, is_reference=True)
+        elif label != "content":
+            line = _format_line(line, x_min, x_max)
+        new_lines.append(line)
+
+    ocr_res["boxes"] = [span[0] for line in new_lines for span in line]
+    if label == "content":
+        ocr_res["rec_texts"] = [
+            "".join(f"{span[1]} " for span in line).rstrip() for line in new_lines
+        ]
+    else:
+        ocr_res["rec_texts"] = [span[1] + " " for line in new_lines for span in line]
+    return ocr_res, len(new_lines)
+
+
+def _process_text(input_text: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Process the input text to handle spaces.
+
+    The function removes multiple consecutive spaces between Chinese characters and ensures that
+    only a single space is retained between Chinese and non-Chinese characters.
+
+    Args:
+        input_text (str): The text to be processed.
+
+    Returns:
+        str: The processed text with properly formatted spaces.
+    """
+
+    def handle_spaces_(text: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Handle spaces in the text by removing multiple consecutive spaces and inserting a single space
+        between Chinese and non-Chinese characters.
+
+        Args:
+            text (str): The text to handle spaces for.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: The text with properly formatted spaces.
+        """
+        spaces = re.finditer(r"\s+", text)
+        processed_text = list(text)
+
+        for space in reversed(list(spaces)):
+            start, end = space.span()
+            prev_char = processed_text[start - 1] if start > 0 else ""
+            next_char = processed_text[end] if end < len(processed_text) else ""
+
+            is_prev_chinese = (
+                re.match(r"[\u4e00-\u9fff]", prev_char) if prev_char else False
+            )
+            is_next_chinese = (
+                re.match(r"[\u4e00-\u9fff]", next_char) if next_char else False
+            )
+
+            if is_prev_chinese and is_next_chinese:
+                processed_text[start:end] = []
+            else:
+                processed_text[start:end] = [" "]
+
+        return "".join(processed_text)
+
+    text_without_spaces = handle_spaces_(input_text)
+
+    final_text = re.sub(r"\s+", " ", text_without_spaces).strip()
+    return final_text
+
+
+def get_single_block_parsing_res(
+    general_ocr_pipeline: Any,
+    overall_ocr_res: OCRResult,
+    layout_det_res: DetResult,
+    table_res_list: list,
+    seal_res_list: list,
+) -> OCRResult:
+    """
+    Extract structured information from OCR and layout detection results.
+
+    Args:
+        overall_ocr_res (OCRResult): An object containing the overall OCR results, including detected text boxes and recognized text. The structure is expected to have:
+            - "input_img": The image on which OCR was performed.
+            - "dt_boxes": A list of detected text box coordinates.
+            - "rec_texts": A list of recognized text corresponding to the detected boxes.
+
+        layout_det_res (DetResult): An object containing the layout detection results, including detected layout boxes and their labels. The structure is expected to have:
+            - "boxes": A list of dictionaries with keys "coordinate" for box coordinates and "block_label" for the type of content.
+
+        table_res_list (list): A list of table detection results, where each item is a dictionary containing:
+            - "block_bbox": The bounding box of the table layout.
+            - "pred_html": The predicted HTML representation of the table.
+
+        seal_res_list (List): A list of seal detection results. The details of each item depend on the specific application context.
+
+    Returns:
+        list: A list of structured boxes where each item is a dictionary containing:
+            - "block_label": The label of the content (e.g., 'table', 'chart', 'image').
+            - The label as a key with either table HTML or image data and text.
+            - "block_bbox": The coordinates of the layout box.
+    """
+
+    single_block_layout_parsing_res = []
+    input_img = overall_ocr_res["doc_preprocessor_res"]["output_img"]
+    seal_index = 0
+    with_doc_title = False
+    max_block_area = 0.0
+    paragraph_title_indexs = []
+
+    layout_det_res_list, _ = _remove_overlap_blocks(
+        deepcopy(layout_det_res["boxes"]),
+        threshold=0.5,
+        smaller=True,
+    )
+
+    for box_idx, box_info in enumerate(layout_det_res_list):
+        block_bbox = box_info["coordinate"]
+        label = box_info["label"]
+        rec_res = {"boxes": [], "rec_texts": [], "rec_labels": [], "flag": False}
+        seg_start_coordinate = float("inf")
+        seg_end_coordinate = float("-inf")
+        num_of_lines = 1
+
+        if label == "doc_title":
+            with_doc_title = True
+        elif label == "paragraph_title":
+            paragraph_title_indexs.append(box_idx)
+
+        block_area = (block_bbox[2] - block_bbox[0]) * (block_bbox[3] - block_bbox[1])
+        max_block_area = max(max_block_area, block_area)
+
+        if label == "table":
+            for table_res in table_res_list:
+                if len(table_res["cell_box_list"]) == 0:
+                    continue
+                if (
+                    _calculate_overlap_area_div_minbox_area_ratio(
+                        block_bbox, table_res["cell_box_list"][0]
+                    )
+                    > 0.5
+                ):
+                    single_block_layout_parsing_res.append(
+                        {
+                            "block_label": label,
+                            "block_content": table_res["pred_html"],
+                            "block_bbox": block_bbox,
+                        },
+                    )
+                    break
+        elif label == "seal":
+            if len(seal_res_list) > 0:
+                single_block_layout_parsing_res.append(
+                    {
+                        "block_label": label,
+                        "block_content": _process_text(
+                            ", ".join(seal_res_list[seal_index]["rec_texts"])
+                        ),
+                        "block_bbox": block_bbox,
+                    },
+                )
+                seal_index += 1
+        else:
+            overall_text_boxes = overall_ocr_res["rec_boxes"]
+            for box_no in range(len(overall_text_boxes)):
+                if (
+                    _calculate_overlap_area_div_minbox_area_ratio(
+                        block_bbox, overall_text_boxes[box_no]
+                    )
+                    > 0.5
+                ):
+                    rec_res["boxes"].append(overall_text_boxes[box_no])
+                    rec_res["rec_texts"].append(
+                        overall_ocr_res["rec_texts"][box_no],
+                    )
+                    rec_res["rec_labels"].append(
+                        overall_ocr_res["rec_labels"][box_no],
+                    )
+                    rec_res["flag"] = True
+
+            if rec_res["flag"]:
+                rec_res, num_of_lines = _sort_ocr_res_by_y_projection(
+                    input_img, general_ocr_pipeline, label, block_bbox, rec_res, 0.7
+                )
+                seg_start_coordinate = rec_res["boxes"][0][0]
+                seg_end_coordinate = rec_res["boxes"][-1][2]
+                if label == "formula":
+                    rec_res["rec_texts"] = [
+                        rec_res_text.replace("$", "")
+                        for rec_res_text in rec_res["rec_texts"]
+                    ]
+
+            if label in ["chart", "image"]:
+                x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max = list(map(int, block_bbox))
+                img_path = f"imgs/img_in_table_box_{x_min}_{y_min}_{x_max}_{y_max}.jpg"
+                img = Image.fromarray(input_img[y_min:y_max, x_min:x_max, ::-1])
+                single_block_layout_parsing_res.append(
+                    {
+                        "block_label": label,
+                        "block_content": _process_text("".join(rec_res["rec_texts"])),
+                        "block_image": {img_path: img},
+                        "block_bbox": block_bbox,
+                    },
+                )
+            else:
+                if label in ["doc_title"]:
+                    content = " ".join(rec_res["rec_texts"])
+                elif label in ["content"]:
+                    content = "\n".join(rec_res["rec_texts"])
+                else:
+                    content = "".join(rec_res["rec_texts"])
+                    if label != "reference":
+                        content = _process_text(content)
+                single_block_layout_parsing_res.append(
+                    {
+                        "block_label": label,
+                        "block_content": content,
+                        "block_bbox": block_bbox,
+                        "seg_start_coordinate": seg_start_coordinate,
+                        "seg_end_coordinate": seg_end_coordinate,
+                        "num_of_lines": num_of_lines,
+                        "block_area": block_area,
+                    },
+                )
+
+    if (
+        not with_doc_title
+        and len(paragraph_title_indexs) == 1
+        and single_block_layout_parsing_res[paragraph_title_indexs[0]].get(
+            "block_area", 0
+        )
+        > max_block_area * 0.3
+    ):
+        single_block_layout_parsing_res[paragraph_title_indexs[0]][
+            "block_label"
+        ] = "doc_title"
+
+    if len(layout_det_res_list) == 0:
+        for ocr_rec_box, ocr_rec_text in zip(
+            overall_ocr_res["rec_boxes"], overall_ocr_res["rec_texts"]
+        ):
+            single_block_layout_parsing_res.append(
+                {
+                    "block_label": "text",
+                    "block_content": ocr_rec_text,
+                    "block_bbox": ocr_rec_box,
+                    "seg_start_coordinate": ocr_rec_box[0],
+                    "seg_end_coordinate": ocr_rec_box[2],
+                },
+            )
+
+    single_block_layout_parsing_res = get_layout_ordering(
+        single_block_layout_parsing_res,
+        no_mask_labels=[
+            "text",
+            "formula",
+            "algorithm",
+            "reference",
+            "content",
+            "abstract",
+        ],
+    )
+
+    return single_block_layout_parsing_res
+
+
+def _projection_by_bboxes(boxes: np.ndarray, axis: int) -> np.ndarray:
+    """
+    Generate a 1D projection histogram from bounding boxes along a specified axis.
+
+    Args:
+        boxes: A (N, 4) array of bounding boxes defined by [x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max].
+        axis: Axis for projection; 0 for horizontal (x-axis), 1 for vertical (y-axis).
+
+    Returns:
+        A 1D numpy array representing the projection histogram based on bounding box intervals.
+    """
+    assert axis in [0, 1]
+    max_length = np.max(boxes[:, axis::2])
+    projection = np.zeros(max_length, dtype=int)
+
+    # Increment projection histogram over the interval defined by each bounding box
+    for start, end in boxes[:, axis::2]:
+        projection[start:end] += 1
+
+    return projection
+
+
+def _split_projection_profile(arr_values: np.ndarray, min_value: float, min_gap: float):
+    """
+    Split the projection profile into segments based on specified thresholds.
+
+    Args:
+        arr_values: 1D array representing the projection profile.
+        min_value: Minimum value threshold to consider a profile segment significant.
+        min_gap: Minimum gap width to consider a separation between segments.
+
+    Returns:
+        A tuple of start and end indices for each segment that meets the criteria.
+    """
+    # Identify indices where the projection exceeds the minimum value
+    significant_indices = np.where(arr_values > min_value)[0]
+    if not len(significant_indices):
+        return
+
+    # Calculate gaps between significant indices
+    index_diffs = significant_indices[1:] - significant_indices[:-1]
+    gap_indices = np.where(index_diffs > min_gap)[0]
+
+    # Determine start and end indices of segments
+    segment_starts = np.insert(
+        significant_indices[gap_indices + 1],
+        0,
+        significant_indices[0],
+    )
+    segment_ends = np.append(
+        significant_indices[gap_indices],
+        significant_indices[-1] + 1,
+    )
+
+    return segment_starts, segment_ends
+
+
+def _recursive_yx_cut(
+    boxes: np.ndarray, indices: List[int], res: List[int], min_gap: int = 1
+):
+    """
+    Recursively project and segment bounding boxes, starting with Y-axis and followed by X-axis.
+
+    Args:
+        boxes: A (N, 4) array representing bounding boxes.
+        indices: List of indices indicating the original position of boxes.
+        res: List to store indices of the final segmented bounding boxes.
+        min_gap (int): Minimum gap width to consider a separation between segments on the X-axis. Defaults to 1.
+
+    Returns:
+        None: This function modifies the `res` list in place.
+    """
+    assert len(boxes) == len(
+        indices
+    ), "The length of boxes and indices must be the same."
+
+    # Sort by y_min for Y-axis projection
+    y_sorted_indices = boxes[:, 1].argsort()
+    y_sorted_boxes = boxes[y_sorted_indices]
+    y_sorted_indices = np.array(indices)[y_sorted_indices]
+
+    # Perform Y-axis projection
+    y_projection = _projection_by_bboxes(boxes=y_sorted_boxes, axis=1)
+    y_intervals = _split_projection_profile(y_projection, 0, 1)
+
+    if not y_intervals:
+        return
+
+    # Process each segment defined by Y-axis projection
+    for y_start, y_end in zip(*y_intervals):
+        # Select boxes within the current y interval
+        y_interval_indices = (y_start <= y_sorted_boxes[:, 1]) & (
+            y_sorted_boxes[:, 1] < y_end
+        )
+        y_boxes_chunk = y_sorted_boxes[y_interval_indices]
+        y_indices_chunk = y_sorted_indices[y_interval_indices]
+
+        # Sort by x_min for X-axis projection
+        x_sorted_indices = y_boxes_chunk[:, 0].argsort()
+        x_sorted_boxes_chunk = y_boxes_chunk[x_sorted_indices]
+        x_sorted_indices_chunk = y_indices_chunk[x_sorted_indices]
+
+        # Perform X-axis projection
+        x_projection = _projection_by_bboxes(boxes=x_sorted_boxes_chunk, axis=0)
+        x_intervals = _split_projection_profile(x_projection, 0, min_gap)
+
+        if not x_intervals:
+            continue
+
+        # If X-axis cannot be further segmented, add current indices to results
+        if len(x_intervals[0]) == 1:
+            res.extend(x_sorted_indices_chunk)
+            continue
+
+        # Recursively process each segment defined by X-axis projection
+        for x_start, x_end in zip(*x_intervals):
+            x_interval_indices = (x_start <= x_sorted_boxes_chunk[:, 0]) & (
+                x_sorted_boxes_chunk[:, 0] < x_end
+            )
+            _recursive_yx_cut(
+                x_sorted_boxes_chunk[x_interval_indices],
+                x_sorted_indices_chunk[x_interval_indices],
+                res,
+            )
+
+
+def _recursive_xy_cut(
+    boxes: np.ndarray, indices: List[int], res: List[int], min_gap: int = 1
+):
+    """
+    Recursively performs X-axis projection followed by Y-axis projection to segment bounding boxes.
+
+    Args:
+        boxes: A (N, 4) array representing bounding boxes with [x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max].
+        indices: A list of indices representing the position of boxes in the original data.
+        res: A list to store indices of bounding boxes that meet the criteria.
+        min_gap (int): Minimum gap width to consider a separation between segments on the X-axis. Defaults to 1.
+
+    Returns:
+        None: This function modifies the `res` list in place.
+    """
+    # Ensure boxes and indices have the same length
+    assert len(boxes) == len(
+        indices
+    ), "The length of boxes and indices must be the same."
+
+    # Sort by x_min to prepare for X-axis projection
+    x_sorted_indices = boxes[:, 0].argsort()
+    x_sorted_boxes = boxes[x_sorted_indices]
+    x_sorted_indices = np.array(indices)[x_sorted_indices]
+
+    # Perform X-axis projection
+    x_projection = _projection_by_bboxes(boxes=x_sorted_boxes, axis=0)
+    x_intervals = _split_projection_profile(x_projection, 0, 1)
+
+    if not x_intervals:
+        return
+
+    # Process each segment defined by X-axis projection
+    for x_start, x_end in zip(*x_intervals):
+        # Select boxes within the current x interval
+        x_interval_indices = (x_start <= x_sorted_boxes[:, 0]) & (
+            x_sorted_boxes[:, 0] < x_end
+        )
+        x_boxes_chunk = x_sorted_boxes[x_interval_indices]
+        x_indices_chunk = x_sorted_indices[x_interval_indices]
+
+        # Sort selected boxes by y_min to prepare for Y-axis projection
+        y_sorted_indices = x_boxes_chunk[:, 1].argsort()
+        y_sorted_boxes_chunk = x_boxes_chunk[y_sorted_indices]
+        y_sorted_indices_chunk = x_indices_chunk[y_sorted_indices]
+
+        # Perform Y-axis projection
+        y_projection = _projection_by_bboxes(boxes=y_sorted_boxes_chunk, axis=1)
+        y_intervals = _split_projection_profile(y_projection, 0, min_gap)
+
+        if not y_intervals:
+            continue
+
+        # If Y-axis cannot be further segmented, add current indices to results
+        if len(y_intervals[0]) == 1:
+            res.extend(y_sorted_indices_chunk)
+            continue
+
+        # Recursively process each segment defined by Y-axis projection
+        for y_start, y_end in zip(*y_intervals):
+            y_interval_indices = (y_start <= y_sorted_boxes_chunk[:, 1]) & (
+                y_sorted_boxes_chunk[:, 1] < y_end
+            )
+            _recursive_xy_cut(
+                y_sorted_boxes_chunk[y_interval_indices],
+                y_sorted_indices_chunk[y_interval_indices],
+                res,
+            )
+
+
+def sort_by_xycut(
+    block_bboxes: Union[np.ndarray, List[List[int]]],
+    direction: int = 0,
+    min_gap: int = 1,
+) -> List[int]:
+    """
+    Sort bounding boxes using recursive XY cut method based on the specified direction.
+
+    Args:
+        block_bboxes (Union[np.ndarray, List[List[int]]]): An array or list of bounding boxes,
+                                                           where each box is represented as
+                                                           [x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max].
+        direction (int): Direction for the initial cut. Use 1 for Y-axis first and 0 for X-axis first.
+                         Defaults to 0.
+        min_gap (int): Minimum gap width to consider a separation between segments. Defaults to 1.
+
+    Returns:
+        List[int]: A list of indices representing the order of sorted bounding boxes.
+    """
+    block_bboxes = np.asarray(block_bboxes).astype(int)
+    res = []
+    if direction == 1:
+        _recursive_yx_cut(
+            block_bboxes,
+            np.arange(len(block_bboxes)).tolist(),
+            res,
+            min_gap,
+        )
+    else:
+        _recursive_xy_cut(
+            block_bboxes,
+            np.arange(len(block_bboxes)).tolist(),
+            res,
+            min_gap,
+        )
+    return res
+
+
+def gather_imgs(original_img, layout_det_objs):
+    imgs_in_doc = []
+    for det_obj in layout_det_objs:
+        if det_obj["label"] in ("image", "chart"):
+            x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max = list(map(int, det_obj["coordinate"]))
+            img_path = f"imgs/img_in_table_box_{x_min}_{y_min}_{x_max}_{y_max}.jpg"
+            img = Image.fromarray(original_img[y_min:y_max, x_min:x_max, ::-1])
+            imgs_in_doc.append(
+                {
+                    "path": img_path,
+                    "img": img,
+                    "coordinate": (x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max),
+                    "score": det_obj["score"],
+                }
+            )
+    return imgs_in_doc
+
+
+def _get_minbox_if_overlap_by_ratio(
+    bbox1: Union[List[int], Tuple[int, int, int, int]],
+    bbox2: Union[List[int], Tuple[int, int, int, int]],
+    ratio: float,
+    smaller: bool = True,
+) -> Optional[Union[List[int], Tuple[int, int, int, int]]]:
+    """
+    Determine if the overlap area between two bounding boxes exceeds a given ratio
+    and return the smaller (or larger) bounding box based on the `smaller` flag.
+
+    Args:
+        bbox1 (Union[List[int], Tuple[int, int, int, int]]): Coordinates of the first bounding box [x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max].
+        bbox2 (Union[List[int], Tuple[int, int, int, int]]): Coordinates of the second bounding box [x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max].
+        ratio (float): The overlap ratio threshold.
+        smaller (bool): If True, return the smaller bounding box; otherwise, return the larger one.
+
+    Returns:
+        Optional[Union[List[int], Tuple[int, int, int, int]]]:
+            The selected bounding box or None if the overlap ratio is not exceeded.
+    """
+    # Calculate the areas of both bounding boxes
+    area1 = (bbox1[2] - bbox1[0]) * (bbox1[3] - bbox1[1])
+    area2 = (bbox2[2] - bbox2[0]) * (bbox2[3] - bbox2[1])
+    # Calculate the overlap ratio using a helper function
+    overlap_ratio = _calculate_overlap_area_div_minbox_area_ratio(bbox1, bbox2)
+    # Check if the overlap ratio exceeds the threshold
+    if overlap_ratio > ratio:
+        if (area1 <= area2 and smaller) or (area1 >= area2 and not smaller):
+            return 1
+        else:
+            return 2
+    return None
+
+
+def _remove_overlap_blocks(
+    blocks: List[Dict[str, List[int]]], threshold: float = 0.65, smaller: bool = True
+) -> Tuple[List[Dict[str, List[int]]], List[Dict[str, List[int]]]]:
+    """
+    Remove overlapping blocks based on a specified overlap ratio threshold.
+
+    Args:
+        blocks (List[Dict[str, List[int]]]): List of block dictionaries, each containing a 'block_bbox' key.
+        threshold (float): Ratio threshold to determine significant overlap.
+        smaller (bool): If True, the smaller block in overlap is removed.
+
+    Returns:
+        Tuple[List[Dict[str, List[int]]], List[Dict[str, List[int]]]]:
+            A tuple containing the updated list of blocks and a list of dropped blocks.
+    """
+    dropped_blocks = []
+    dropped_indexes = set()
+
+    # Iterate over each pair of blocks to find overlaps
+    for i, block1 in enumerate(blocks):
+        for j in range(i + 1, len(blocks)):
+            block2 = blocks[j]
+            # Skip blocks that are already marked for removal
+            if i in dropped_indexes or j in dropped_indexes:
+                continue
+            # Check for overlap and determine which block to remove
+            overlap_box_index = _get_minbox_if_overlap_by_ratio(
+                block1["coordinate"],
+                block2["coordinate"],
+                threshold,
+                smaller=smaller,
+            )
+            if overlap_box_index is not None:
+                # Determine which block to remove based on overlap_box_index
+                if overlap_box_index == 1:
+                    drop_index = i
+                else:
+                    drop_index = j
+                dropped_indexes.add(drop_index)
+
+    # Remove marked blocks from the original list
+    for index in sorted(dropped_indexes, reverse=True):
+        dropped_blocks.append(blocks[index])
+        del blocks[index]
+
+    return blocks, dropped_blocks
+
+
+def _get_text_median_width(blocks: List[Dict[str, any]]) -> float:
+    """
+    Calculate the median width of blocks labeled as "text".
+
+    Args:
+        blocks (List[Dict[str, any]]): List of block dictionaries, each containing a 'block_bbox' and 'label'.
+
+    Returns:
+        float: The median width of text blocks, or infinity if no text blocks are found.
+    """
+    widths = [
+        block["block_bbox"][2] - block["block_bbox"][0]
+        for block in blocks
+        if block.get("block_label") == "text"
+    ]
+    return np.median(widths) if widths else float("inf")
+
+
+def _get_layout_property(
+    blocks: List[Dict[str, any]],
+    median_width: float,
+    no_mask_labels: List[str],
+    threshold: float = 0.8,
+) -> Tuple[List[Dict[str, any]], bool]:
+    """
+    Determine the layout (single or double column) of text blocks.
+
+    Args:
+        blocks (List[Dict[str, any]]): List of block dictionaries containing 'label' and 'block_bbox'.
+        median_width (float): Median width of text blocks.
+        no_mask_labels (List[str]): Labels of blocks to be considered for layout analysis.
+        threshold (float): Threshold for determining layout overlap.
+
+    Returns:
+        Tuple[List[Dict[str, any]], bool]: Updated list of blocks with layout information and a boolean
+        indicating if the double layout area is greater than the single layout area.
+    """
+    blocks.sort(
+        key=lambda x: (
+            x["block_bbox"][0],
+            (x["block_bbox"][2] - x["block_bbox"][0]),
+        ),
+    )
+    check_single_layout = {}
+    page_min_x, page_max_x = float("inf"), 0
+    double_label_area = 0
+    single_label_area = 0
+
+    for i, block in enumerate(blocks):
+        page_min_x = min(page_min_x, block["block_bbox"][0])
+        page_max_x = max(page_max_x, block["block_bbox"][2])
+    page_width = page_max_x - page_min_x
+
+    for i, block in enumerate(blocks):
+        if block["block_label"] not in no_mask_labels:
+            continue
+
+        x_min_i, _, x_max_i, _ = block["block_bbox"]
+        layout_length = x_max_i - x_min_i
+        cover_count, cover_with_threshold_count = 0, 0
+        match_block_with_threshold_indexes = []
+
+        for j, other_block in enumerate(blocks):
+            if i == j or other_block["block_label"] not in no_mask_labels:
+                continue
+
+            x_min_j, _, x_max_j, _ = other_block["block_bbox"]
+            x_match_min, x_match_max = max(
+                x_min_i,
+                x_min_j,
+            ), min(x_max_i, x_max_j)
+            match_block_iou = (x_match_max - x_match_min) / (x_max_j - x_min_j)
+
+            if match_block_iou > 0:
+                cover_count += 1
+                if match_block_iou > threshold:
+                    cover_with_threshold_count += 1
+                    match_block_with_threshold_indexes.append(
+                        (j, match_block_iou),
+                    )
+                x_min_i = x_match_max
+                if x_min_i >= x_max_i:
+                    break
+
+        if (
+            layout_length > median_width * 1.3
+            and (cover_with_threshold_count >= 2 or cover_count >= 2)
+        ) or layout_length > 0.6 * page_width:
+            # if layout_length > median_width * 1.3 and (cover_with_threshold_count >= 2):
+            block["layout"] = "double"
+            double_label_area += (block["block_bbox"][2] - block["block_bbox"][0]) * (
+                block["block_bbox"][3] - block["block_bbox"][1]
+            )
+        else:
+            block["layout"] = "single"
+            check_single_layout[i] = match_block_with_threshold_indexes
+
+    # Check single-layout block
+    for i, single_layout in check_single_layout.items():
+        if single_layout:
+            index, match_iou = single_layout[-1]
+            if match_iou > 0.9 and blocks[index]["layout"] == "double":
+                blocks[i]["layout"] = "double"
+                double_label_area += (
+                    blocks[i]["block_bbox"][2] - blocks[i]["block_bbox"][0]
+                ) * (blocks[i]["block_bbox"][3] - blocks[i]["block_bbox"][1])
+            else:
+                single_label_area += (
+                    blocks[i]["block_bbox"][2] - blocks[i]["block_bbox"][0]
+                ) * (blocks[i]["block_bbox"][3] - blocks[i]["block_bbox"][1])
+
+    return blocks, (double_label_area > single_label_area)
+
+
+def _get_bbox_direction(input_bbox: List[float], ratio: float = 1.0) -> bool:
+    """
+    Determine if a bounding box is horizontal or vertical.
+
+    Args:
+        input_bbox (List[float]): Bounding box [x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max].
+        ratio (float): Ratio for determining orientation. Default is 1.0.
+
+    Returns:
+        bool: True if the bounding box is considered horizontal, False if vertical.
+    """
+    width = input_bbox[2] - input_bbox[0]
+    height = input_bbox[3] - input_bbox[1]
+    return width * ratio >= height
+
+
+def _get_projection_iou(
+    input_bbox: List[float], match_bbox: List[float], is_horizontal: bool = True
+) -> float:
+    """
+    Calculate the IoU of lines between two bounding boxes.
+
+    Args:
+        input_bbox (List[float]): First bounding box [x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max].
+        match_bbox (List[float]): Second bounding box [x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max].
+        is_horizontal (bool): Whether to compare horizontally or vertically.
+
+    Returns:
+        float: Line IoU. Returns 0 if there is no overlap.
+    """
+    if is_horizontal:
+        x_match_min = max(input_bbox[0], match_bbox[0])
+        x_match_max = min(input_bbox[2], match_bbox[2])
+        overlap = max(0, x_match_max - x_match_min)
+        input_width = min(input_bbox[2] - input_bbox[0], match_bbox[2] - match_bbox[0])
+    else:
+        y_match_min = max(input_bbox[1], match_bbox[1])
+        y_match_max = min(input_bbox[3], match_bbox[3])
+        overlap = max(0, y_match_max - y_match_min)
+        input_width = min(input_bbox[3] - input_bbox[1], match_bbox[3] - match_bbox[1])
+
+    return overlap / input_width if input_width > 0 else 0.0
+
+
+def _get_sub_category(
+    blocks: List[Dict[str, Any]], title_labels: List[str]
+) -> Tuple[List[Dict[str, Any]], List[float]]:
+    """
+    Determine the layout of title and text blocks and collect pre_cuts.
+
+    Args:
+        blocks (List[Dict[str, Any]]): List of block dictionaries.
+        title_labels (List[str]): List of labels considered as titles.
+
+    Returns:
+        List[Dict[str, Any]]: Updated list of blocks with title-text layout information.
+        Dict[float]: Dict of pre_cuts coordinates.
+    """
+
+    sub_title_labels = ["paragraph_title"]
+    vision_labels = ["image", "table", "chart", "figure"]
+    vision_title_labels = ["figure_title", "chart_title", "table_title"]
+    all_labels = title_labels + sub_title_labels + vision_labels + vision_title_labels
+    special_pre_cut_labels = sub_title_labels
+
+    # single doc title is irregular,pre cut not applicable
+    num_doc_title = 0
+    for block in blocks:
+        if block["block_label"] == "doc_title":
+            num_doc_title += 1
+            if num_doc_title == 2:
+                special_pre_cut_labels = title_labels + sub_title_labels
+                break
+    if len(blocks) == 0:
+        return blocks, {}
+
+    min_x = min(block["block_bbox"][0] for block in blocks)
+    min_y = min(block["block_bbox"][1] for block in blocks)
+    max_x = max(block["block_bbox"][2] for block in blocks)
+    max_y = max(block["block_bbox"][3] for block in blocks)
+    region_bbox = (min_x, min_y, max_x, max_y)
+    region_x_center = (region_bbox[0] + region_bbox[2]) / 2
+    region_y_center = (region_bbox[1] + region_bbox[3]) / 2
+    region_width = region_bbox[2] - region_bbox[0]
+    region_height = region_bbox[3] - region_bbox[1]
+
+    pre_cuts = {}
+
+    for i, block1 in enumerate(blocks):
+        block1.setdefault("title_text", [])
+        block1.setdefault("sub_title", [])
+        block1.setdefault("vision_footnote", [])
+        block1.setdefault("sub_label", block1["block_label"])
+
+        if block1["block_label"] not in all_labels:
+            continue
+
+        bbox1 = block1["block_bbox"]
+        x1, y1, x2, y2 = bbox1
+        is_horizontal_1 = _get_bbox_direction(block1["block_bbox"])
+        left_up_title_text_distance = float("inf")
+        left_up_title_text_index = -1
+        left_up_title_text_direction = None
+        right_down_title_text_distance = float("inf")
+        right_down_title_text_index = -1
+        right_down_title_text_direction = None
+
+        # pre-cuts
+        # Condition 1: Length is greater than half of the layout region
+        if is_horizontal_1:
+            block_length = x2 - x1
+            required_length = region_width / 2
+        else:
+            block_length = y2 - y1
+            required_length = region_height / 2
+        if block1["block_label"] in special_pre_cut_labels:
+            length_condition = True
+        else:
+            length_condition = block_length > required_length
+
+        # Condition 2: Centered check (must be within ±20 in both horizontal and vertical directions)
+        block_x_center = (x1 + x2) / 2
+        block_y_center = (y1 + y2) / 2
+        tolerance_len = block_length // 5
+        if block1["block_label"] in special_pre_cut_labels:
+            tolerance_len = block_length // 10
+        if is_horizontal_1:
+            is_centered = abs(block_x_center - region_x_center) <= tolerance_len
+        else:
+            is_centered = abs(block_y_center - region_y_center) <= tolerance_len
+
+        # Condition 3: Check for surrounding text
+        has_left_text = False
+        has_right_text = False
+        has_above_text = False
+        has_below_text = False
+        for block2 in blocks:
+            if block2["block_label"] != "text":
+                continue
+            bbox2 = block2["block_bbox"]
+            x1_2, y1_2, x2_2, y2_2 = bbox2
+            if is_horizontal_1:
+                if x2_2 <= x1 and not (y2_2 <= y1 or y1_2 >= y2):
+                    has_left_text = True
+                if x1_2 >= x2 and not (y2_2 <= y1 or y1_2 >= y2):
+                    has_right_text = True
+            else:
+                if y2_2 <= y1 and not (x2_2 <= x1 or x1_2 >= x2):
+                    has_above_text = True
+                if y1_2 >= y2 and not (x2_2 <= x1 or x1_2 >= x2):
+                    has_below_text = True
+
+            if (is_horizontal_1 and has_left_text and has_right_text) or (
+                not is_horizontal_1 and has_above_text and has_below_text
+            ):
+                break
+
+        no_text_on_sides = (
+            not (has_left_text or has_right_text)
+            if is_horizontal_1
+            else not (has_above_text or has_below_text)
+        )
+
+        # Add coordinates if all conditions are met
+        if is_centered and length_condition and no_text_on_sides:
+            if is_horizontal_1:
+                pre_cuts.setdefault("y", []).append(y1)
+            else:
+                pre_cuts.setdefault("x", []).append(x1)
+
+        for j, block2 in enumerate(blocks):
+            if i == j:
+                continue
+
+            bbox2 = block2["block_bbox"]
+            x1_prime, y1_prime, x2_prime, y2_prime = bbox2
+            is_horizontal_2 = _get_bbox_direction(bbox2)
+            match_block_iou = _get_projection_iou(
+                bbox2,
+                bbox1,
+                is_horizontal_1,
+            )
+
+            def distance_(is_horizontal, is_left_up):
+                if is_horizontal:
+                    if is_left_up:
+                        return (y1 - y2_prime + 2) // 5 + x1_prime / 5000
+                    else:
+                        return (y1_prime - y2 + 2) // 5 + x1_prime / 5000
+
+                else:
+                    if is_left_up:
+                        return (x1 - x2_prime + 2) // 5 + y1_prime / 5000
+                    else:
+                        return (x1_prime - x2 + 2) // 5 + y1_prime / 5000
+
+            block_iou_threshold = 0.1
+            if block1["block_label"] in sub_title_labels:
+                block_iou_threshold = 0.5
+
+            if is_horizontal_1:
+                if match_block_iou >= block_iou_threshold:
+                    left_up_distance = distance_(True, True)
+                    right_down_distance = distance_(True, False)
+                    if (
+                        y2_prime <= y1
+                        and left_up_distance <= left_up_title_text_distance
+                    ):
+                        left_up_title_text_distance = left_up_distance
+                        left_up_title_text_index = j
+                        left_up_title_text_direction = is_horizontal_2
+                    elif (
+                        y1_prime > y2
+                        and right_down_distance < right_down_title_text_distance
+                    ):
+                        right_down_title_text_distance = right_down_distance
+                        right_down_title_text_index = j
+                        right_down_title_text_direction = is_horizontal_2
+            else:
+                if match_block_iou >= block_iou_threshold:
+                    left_up_distance = distance_(False, True)
+                    right_down_distance = distance_(False, False)
+                    if (
+                        x2_prime <= x1
+                        and left_up_distance <= left_up_title_text_distance
+                    ):
+                        left_up_title_text_distance = left_up_distance
+                        left_up_title_text_index = j
+                        left_up_title_text_direction = is_horizontal_2
+                    elif (
+                        x1_prime > x2
+                        and right_down_distance < right_down_title_text_distance
+                    ):
+                        right_down_title_text_distance = right_down_distance
+                        right_down_title_text_index = j
+                        right_down_title_text_direction = is_horizontal_2
+
+        height = bbox1[3] - bbox1[1]
+        width = bbox1[2] - bbox1[0]
+        title_text_weight = [0.8, 0.8]
+
+        title_text, sub_title, vision_footnote = [], [], []
+
+        def get_sub_category_(
+            title_text_direction,
+            title_text_index,
+            label,
+            is_left_up=True,
+        ):
+            direction_ = [1, 3] if is_left_up else [2, 4]
+            if (
+                title_text_direction == is_horizontal_1
+                and title_text_index != -1
+                and (label == "text" or label == "paragraph_title")
+            ):
+                bbox2 = blocks[title_text_index]["block_bbox"]
+                if is_horizontal_1:
+                    height1 = bbox2[3] - bbox2[1]
+                    width1 = bbox2[2] - bbox2[0]
+                    if label == "text":
+                        if (
+                            _nearest_edge_distance(bbox1, bbox2)[0] <= 15
+                            and block1["block_label"] in vision_labels
+                            and width1 < width
+                            and height1 < 0.5 * height
+                        ):
+                            blocks[title_text_index]["sub_label"] = "vision_footnote"
+                            vision_footnote.append(bbox2)
+                        elif (
+                            height1 < height * title_text_weight[0]
+                            and (width1 < width or width1 > 1.5 * width)
+                            and block1["block_label"] in title_labels
+                        ):
+                            blocks[title_text_index]["sub_label"] = "title_text"
+                            title_text.append((direction_[0], bbox2))
+                    elif (
+                        label == "paragraph_title"
+                        and block1["block_label"] in sub_title_labels
+                    ):
+                        sub_title.append(bbox2)
+                else:
+                    height1 = bbox2[3] - bbox2[1]
+                    width1 = bbox2[2] - bbox2[0]
+                    if label == "text":
+                        if (
+                            _nearest_edge_distance(bbox1, bbox2)[0] <= 15
+                            and block1["block_label"] in vision_labels
+                            and height1 < height
+                            and width1 < 0.5 * width
+                        ):
+                            blocks[title_text_index]["sub_label"] = "vision_footnote"
+                            vision_footnote.append(bbox2)
+                        elif (
+                            width1 < width * title_text_weight[1]
+                            and block1["block_label"] in title_labels
+                        ):
+                            blocks[title_text_index]["sub_label"] = "title_text"
+                            title_text.append((direction_[1], bbox2))
+                    elif (
+                        label == "paragraph_title"
+                        and block1["block_label"] in sub_title_labels
+                    ):
+                        sub_title.append(bbox2)
+
+        if (
+            is_horizontal_1
+            and abs(left_up_title_text_distance - right_down_title_text_distance) * 5
+            > height
+        ) or (
+            not is_horizontal_1
+            and abs(left_up_title_text_distance - right_down_title_text_distance) * 5
+            > width
+        ):
+            if left_up_title_text_distance < right_down_title_text_distance:
+                get_sub_category_(
+                    left_up_title_text_direction,
+                    left_up_title_text_index,
+                    blocks[left_up_title_text_index]["block_label"],
+                    True,
+                )
+            else:
+                get_sub_category_(
+                    right_down_title_text_direction,
+                    right_down_title_text_index,
+                    blocks[right_down_title_text_index]["block_label"],
+                    False,
+                )
+        else:
+            get_sub_category_(
+                left_up_title_text_direction,
+                left_up_title_text_index,
+                blocks[left_up_title_text_index]["block_label"],
+                True,
+            )
+            get_sub_category_(
+                right_down_title_text_direction,
+                right_down_title_text_index,
+                blocks[right_down_title_text_index]["block_label"],
+                False,
+            )
+
+        if block1["block_label"] in title_labels:
+            if blocks[i].get("title_text") == []:
+                blocks[i]["title_text"] = title_text
+
+        if block1["block_label"] in sub_title_labels:
+            if blocks[i].get("sub_title") == []:
+                blocks[i]["sub_title"] = sub_title
+
+        if block1["block_label"] in vision_labels:
+            if blocks[i].get("vision_footnote") == []:
+                blocks[i]["vision_footnote"] = vision_footnote
+
+    return blocks, pre_cuts
+
+
+def get_layout_ordering(
+    parsing_res_list: List[Dict[str, Any]],
+    no_mask_labels: List[str] = [],
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Process layout parsing results to remove overlapping bounding boxes
+    and assign an ordering index based on their positions.
+
+    Modifies:
+        The 'parsing_res_list' list by adding an 'index' to each block.
+
+    Args:
+        parsing_res_list (List[Dict[str, Any]]): List of block dictionaries with 'block_bbox' and 'block_label'.
+        no_mask_labels (List[str]): Labels for which overlapping removal is not performed.
+    """
+    title_text_labels = ["doc_title"]
+    title_labels = ["doc_title", "paragraph_title"]
+    vision_labels = ["image", "table", "seal", "chart", "figure"]
+    vision_title_labels = ["table_title", "chart_title", "figure_title"]
+
+    parsing_res_list, pre_cuts = _get_sub_category(parsing_res_list, title_text_labels)
+
+    parsing_res_by_pre_cuts_list = []
+    if len(pre_cuts) > 0:
+        block_bboxes = [block["block_bbox"] for block in parsing_res_list]
+        for axis, cuts in pre_cuts.items():
+            axis_index = 1 if axis == "y" else 0
+
+            max_val = max(bbox[axis_index + 2] for bbox in block_bboxes)
+
+            intervals = []
+            prev = 0
+            for cut in sorted(cuts):
+                intervals.append((prev, cut))
+                prev = cut
+            intervals.append((prev, max_val))
+
+            for start, end in intervals:
+                mask = [
+                    (bbox[axis_index] >= start) and (bbox[axis_index] < end)
+                    for bbox in block_bboxes
+                ]
+                parsing_res_by_pre_cuts_list.append(
+                    [parsing_res_list[i] for i, m in enumerate(mask) if m]
+                )
+    else:
+        parsing_res_by_pre_cuts_list = [parsing_res_list]
+
+    final_parsing_res_list = []
+    num_index = 0
+    num_sub_index = 0
+    for parsing_res_by_pre_cuts in parsing_res_by_pre_cuts_list:
+
+        doc_flag = False
+        median_width = _get_text_median_width(parsing_res_by_pre_cuts)
+        parsing_res_by_pre_cuts, projection_direction = _get_layout_property(
+            parsing_res_by_pre_cuts,
+            median_width,
+            no_mask_labels=no_mask_labels,
+            threshold=0.3,
+        )
+        # Convert bounding boxes to float and remove overlaps
+        (
+            double_text_blocks,
+            title_text_blocks,
+            title_blocks,
+            vision_blocks,
+            vision_title_blocks,
+            vision_footnote_blocks,
+            other_blocks,
+        ) = ([], [], [], [], [], [], [])
+
+        drop_indexes = []
+
+        for index, block in enumerate(parsing_res_by_pre_cuts):
+            label = block["sub_label"]
+            block["block_bbox"] = list(map(int, block["block_bbox"]))
+
+            if label == "doc_title":
+                doc_flag = True
+
+            if label in no_mask_labels:
+                if block["layout"] == "double":
+                    double_text_blocks.append(block)
+                    drop_indexes.append(index)
+            elif label == "title_text":
+                title_text_blocks.append(block)
+                drop_indexes.append(index)
+            elif label == "vision_footnote":
+                vision_footnote_blocks.append(block)
+                drop_indexes.append(index)
+            elif label in vision_title_labels:
+                vision_title_blocks.append(block)
+                drop_indexes.append(index)
+            elif label in title_labels:
+                title_blocks.append(block)
+                drop_indexes.append(index)
+            elif label in vision_labels:
+                vision_blocks.append(block)
+                drop_indexes.append(index)
+            else:
+                other_blocks.append(block)
+                drop_indexes.append(index)
+
+        for index in sorted(drop_indexes, reverse=True):
+            del parsing_res_by_pre_cuts[index]
+
+        if len(parsing_res_by_pre_cuts) > 0:
+            # single text label
+            if (
+                len(double_text_blocks) > len(parsing_res_by_pre_cuts)
+                or projection_direction
+            ):
+                parsing_res_by_pre_cuts.extend(title_blocks + double_text_blocks)
+                title_blocks = []
+                double_text_blocks = []
+                block_bboxes = [
+                    block["block_bbox"] for block in parsing_res_by_pre_cuts
+                ]
+                block_bboxes.sort(
+                    key=lambda x: (
+                        x[0] // max(20, median_width),
+                        x[1],
+                    ),
+                )
+                block_bboxes = np.array(block_bboxes)
+                sorted_indices = sort_by_xycut(block_bboxes, direction=1, min_gap=1)
+            else:
+                block_bboxes = [
+                    block["block_bbox"] for block in parsing_res_by_pre_cuts
+                ]
+                block_bboxes.sort(key=lambda x: (x[0] // 20, x[1]))
+                block_bboxes = np.array(block_bboxes)
+                sorted_indices = sort_by_xycut(block_bboxes, direction=0, min_gap=20)
+
+            sorted_boxes = block_bboxes[sorted_indices].tolist()
+
+            for block in parsing_res_by_pre_cuts:
+                block["index"] = num_index + sorted_boxes.index(block["block_bbox"]) + 1
+                block["sub_index"] = (
+                    num_sub_index + sorted_boxes.index(block["block_bbox"]) + 1
+                )
+
+        def nearest_match_(input_blocks, distance_type="manhattan", is_add_index=True):
+            for block in input_blocks:
+                bbox = block["block_bbox"]
+                min_distance = float("inf")
+                min_distance_config = [
+                    [float("inf"), float("inf")],
+                    float("inf"),
+                    float("inf"),
+                ]  # for double text
+                nearest_gt_index = 0
+                for match_block in parsing_res_by_pre_cuts:
+                    match_bbox = match_block["block_bbox"]
+                    if distance_type == "nearest_iou_edge_distance":
+                        distance, min_distance_config = _nearest_iou_edge_distance(
+                            bbox,
+                            match_bbox,
+                            block["sub_label"],
+                            vision_labels=vision_labels,
+                            no_mask_labels=no_mask_labels,
+                            median_width=median_width,
+                            title_labels=title_labels,
+                            title_text=block["title_text"],
+                            sub_title=block["sub_title"],
+                            min_distance_config=min_distance_config,
+                            tolerance_len=10,
+                        )
+                    elif distance_type == "title_text":
+                        if (
+                            match_block["block_label"] in title_labels + ["abstract"]
+                            and match_block["title_text"] != []
+                        ):
+                            iou_left_up = _calculate_overlap_area_div_minbox_area_ratio(
+                                bbox,
+                                match_block["title_text"][0][1],
+                            )
+                            iou_right_down = (
+                                _calculate_overlap_area_div_minbox_area_ratio(
+                                    bbox,
+                                    match_block["title_text"][-1][1],
+                                )
+                            )
+                            iou = 1 - max(iou_left_up, iou_right_down)
+                            distance = _manhattan_distance(bbox, match_bbox) * iou
+                        else:
+                            distance = float("inf")
+                    elif distance_type == "manhattan":
+                        distance = _manhattan_distance(bbox, match_bbox)
+                    elif distance_type == "vision_footnote":
+                        if (
+                            match_block["block_label"] in vision_labels
+                            and match_block["vision_footnote"] != []
+                        ):
+                            iou_left_up = _calculate_overlap_area_div_minbox_area_ratio(
+                                bbox,
+                                match_block["vision_footnote"][0],
+                            )
+                            iou_right_down = (
+                                _calculate_overlap_area_div_minbox_area_ratio(
+                                    bbox,
+                                    match_block["vision_footnote"][-1],
+                                )
+                            )
+                            iou = 1 - max(iou_left_up, iou_right_down)
+                            distance = _manhattan_distance(bbox, match_bbox) * iou
+                        else:
+                            distance = float("inf")
+                    elif distance_type == "vision_body":
+                        if (
+                            match_block["block_label"] in vision_title_labels
+                            and block["vision_footnote"] != []
+                        ):
+                            iou_left_up = _calculate_overlap_area_div_minbox_area_ratio(
+                                match_bbox,
+                                block["vision_footnote"][0],
+                            )
+                            iou_right_down = (
+                                _calculate_overlap_area_div_minbox_area_ratio(
+                                    match_bbox,
+                                    block["vision_footnote"][-1],
+                                )
+                            )
+                            iou = 1 - max(iou_left_up, iou_right_down)
+                            distance = _manhattan_distance(bbox, match_bbox) * iou
+                        else:
+                            distance = float("inf")
+                    # when reference block cross mulitple columns, its order should be after the blocks above it.
+                    elif distance_type == "append":
+                        if match_bbox[3] <= bbox[1]:
+                            distance = -(match_bbox[2] * 10 + match_bbox[3])
+                        else:
+                            distance = float("inf")
+                    else:
+                        raise NotImplementedError
+
+                    if distance < min_distance:
+                        min_distance = distance
+                        if is_add_index:
+                            nearest_gt_index = match_block.get("index", 999)
+                        else:
+                            nearest_gt_index = match_block.get("sub_index", 999)
+
+                if is_add_index:
+                    block["index"] = nearest_gt_index
+                else:
+                    block["sub_index"] = nearest_gt_index
+
+                parsing_res_by_pre_cuts.append(block)
+
+        # double text label
+        double_text_blocks.sort(
+            key=lambda x: (
+                x["block_bbox"][1] // 10,
+                x["block_bbox"][0] // median_width,
+                x["block_bbox"][1] ** 2 + x["block_bbox"][0] ** 2,
+            ),
+        )
+        # filter the reference blocks from all blocks that cross mulitple columns.
+        # they should be ordered using "append".
+        double_text_reference_blocks = []
+        i = 0
+        while i < len(double_text_blocks):
+            if double_text_blocks[i]["block_label"] == "reference":
+                double_text_reference_blocks.append(double_text_blocks.pop(i))
+            else:
+                i += 1
+        nearest_match_(
+            double_text_blocks,
+            distance_type="nearest_iou_edge_distance",
+        )
+        nearest_match_(
+            double_text_reference_blocks,
+            distance_type="append",
+        )
+        parsing_res_by_pre_cuts.sort(
+            key=lambda x: (x["index"], x["block_bbox"][1], x["block_bbox"][0]),
+        )
+
+        for idx, block in enumerate(parsing_res_by_pre_cuts):
+            block["index"] = num_index + idx + 1
+            block["sub_index"] = num_sub_index + idx + 1
+
+        # title label
+        title_blocks.sort(
+            key=lambda x: (
+                x["block_bbox"][1] // 10,
+                x["block_bbox"][0] // median_width,
+                x["block_bbox"][1] ** 2 + x["block_bbox"][0] ** 2,
+            ),
+        )
+        nearest_match_(title_blocks, distance_type="nearest_iou_edge_distance")
+
+        if doc_flag:
+            text_sort_labels = ["doc_title"]
+            text_label_priority = {
+                label: priority for priority, label in enumerate(text_sort_labels)
+            }
+            doc_titles = []
+            for i, block in enumerate(parsing_res_by_pre_cuts):
+                if block["block_label"] == "doc_title":
+                    doc_titles.append(
+                        (i, block["block_bbox"][1], block["block_bbox"][0]),
+                    )
+            doc_titles.sort(key=lambda x: (x[1], x[2]))
+            first_doc_title_index = doc_titles[0][0]
+            parsing_res_by_pre_cuts[first_doc_title_index]["index"] = 1
+            parsing_res_by_pre_cuts.sort(
+                key=lambda x: (
+                    x["index"],
+                    text_label_priority.get(x["block_label"], 9999),
+                    x["block_bbox"][1],
+                    x["block_bbox"][0],
+                ),
+            )
+        else:
+            parsing_res_by_pre_cuts.sort(
+                key=lambda x: (
+                    x["index"],
+                    x["block_bbox"][1],
+                    x["block_bbox"][0],
+                ),
+            )
+
+        for idx, block in enumerate(parsing_res_by_pre_cuts):
+            block["index"] = num_index + idx + 1
+            block["sub_index"] = num_sub_index + idx + 1
+
+        # title-text label
+        nearest_match_(title_text_blocks, distance_type="title_text")
+
+        def hor_tb_and_ver_lr(x):
+            input_bbox = x["block_bbox"]
+            is_horizontal = _get_bbox_direction(input_bbox)
+            if is_horizontal:
+                return input_bbox[1]
+            else:
+                return input_bbox[0]
+
+        parsing_res_by_pre_cuts.sort(
+            key=lambda x: (x["index"], hor_tb_and_ver_lr(x)),
+        )
+
+        for idx, block in enumerate(parsing_res_by_pre_cuts):
+            block["index"] = num_index + idx + 1
+            block["sub_index"] = num_sub_index + idx + 1
+
+        # image,figure,chart,seal label
+        nearest_match_(
+            vision_blocks,
+            distance_type="nearest_iou_edge_distance",
+            is_add_index=False,
+        )
+        parsing_res_by_pre_cuts.sort(
+            key=lambda x: (
+                x["sub_index"],
+                x["block_bbox"][1],
+                x["block_bbox"][0],
+            ),
+        )
+
+        for idx, block in enumerate(parsing_res_by_pre_cuts):
+            block["sub_index"] = num_sub_index + idx + 1
+
+        # image,figure,chart,seal title label
+        nearest_match_(
+            vision_title_blocks,
+            distance_type="nearest_iou_edge_distance",
+            is_add_index=False,
+        )
+        parsing_res_by_pre_cuts.sort(
+            key=lambda x: (
+                x["sub_index"],
+                x["block_bbox"][1],
+                x["block_bbox"][0],
+            ),
+        )
+
+        for idx, block in enumerate(parsing_res_by_pre_cuts):
+            block["sub_index"] = num_sub_index + idx + 1
+
+        # vision footnote label
+        nearest_match_(
+            vision_footnote_blocks,
+            distance_type="vision_footnote",
+            is_add_index=False,
+        )
+        text_label_priority = {"vision_footnote": 9999}
+        parsing_res_by_pre_cuts.sort(
+            key=lambda x: (
+                x["sub_index"],
+                text_label_priority.get(x["sub_label"], 0),
+                x["block_bbox"][1],
+                x["block_bbox"][0],
+            ),
+        )
+
+        for idx, block in enumerate(parsing_res_by_pre_cuts):
+            block["sub_index"] = num_sub_index + idx + 1
+
+        # header、footnote、header_image... label
+        nearest_match_(other_blocks, distance_type="manhattan", is_add_index=False)
+
+        # add all parsing result
+        final_parsing_res_list.extend(parsing_res_by_pre_cuts)
+
+        # update num index
+        num_sub_index += len(parsing_res_by_pre_cuts)
+        for parsing_res in parsing_res_by_pre_cuts:
+            if parsing_res.get("index"):
+                num_index += 1
+
+    parsing_res_list = [
+        {
+            "block_label": parsing_res["block_label"],
+            "block_content": parsing_res["block_content"],
+            "block_bbox": parsing_res["block_bbox"],
+            "block_image": parsing_res.get("block_image", None),
+            "sub_label": parsing_res["sub_label"],
+            "sub_index": parsing_res["sub_index"],
+            "index": parsing_res.get("index", None),
+            "seg_start_coordinate": parsing_res.get(
+                "seg_start_coordinate", float("inf")
+            ),
+            "seg_end_coordinate": parsing_res.get("seg_end_coordinate", float("-inf")),
+            "num_of_lines": parsing_res.get("num_of_lines", 1),
+        }
+        for parsing_res in final_parsing_res_list
+    ]
+
+    return parsing_res_list
+
+
+def _manhattan_distance(
+    point1: Tuple[float, float],
+    point2: Tuple[float, float],
+    weight_x: float = 1.0,
+    weight_y: float = 1.0,
+) -> float:
+    """
+    Calculate the weighted Manhattan distance between two points.
+
+    Args:
+        point1 (Tuple[float, float]): The first point as (x, y).
+        point2 (Tuple[float, float]): The second point as (x, y).
+        weight_x (float): The weight for the x-axis distance. Default is 1.0.
+        weight_y (float): The weight for the y-axis distance. Default is 1.0.
+
+    Returns:
+        float: The weighted Manhattan distance between the two points.
+    """
+    return weight_x * abs(point1[0] - point2[0]) + weight_y * abs(point1[1] - point2[1])
+
+
+def _calculate_horizontal_distance(
+    input_bbox: List[int],
+    match_bbox: List[int],
+    height: int,
+    disperse: int,
+    title_text: List[Tuple[int, List[int]]],
+) -> float:
+    """
+    Calculate the horizontal distance between two bounding boxes, considering title text adjustments.
+
+    Args:
+        input_bbox (List[int]): The bounding box coordinates [x1, y1, x2, y2] of the input object.
+        match_bbox (List[int]): The bounding box coordinates [x1', y1', x2', y2'] of the object to match against.
+        height (int): The height of the input bounding box used for normalization.
+        disperse (int): The dispersion factor used to normalize the horizontal distance.
+        title_text (List[Tuple[int, List[int]]]): A list of tuples containing title text information and their bounding box coordinates.
+                                                  Format: [(position_indicator, [x1, y1, x2, y2]), ...].
+
+    Returns:
+        float: The calculated horizontal distance taking into account the title text adjustments.
+    """
+    x1, y1, x2, y2 = input_bbox
+    x1_prime, y1_prime, x2_prime, y2_prime = match_bbox
+
+    # Determine vertical distance adjustment based on title text
+    if y2 < y1_prime:
+        if title_text and title_text[-1][0] == 2:
+            y2 += title_text[-1][1][3] - title_text[-1][1][1]
+        vertical_adjustment = (y1_prime - y2) * 0.5
+    else:
+        if title_text and title_text[0][0] == 1:
+            y1 -= title_text[0][1][3] - title_text[0][1][1]
+        vertical_adjustment = y1 - y2_prime
+
+    # Calculate horizontal distance with adjustments
+    horizontal_distance = (
+        abs(x2_prime - x1) // disperse
+        + vertical_adjustment // height
+        + vertical_adjustment / 5000
+    )
+
+    return horizontal_distance
+
+
+def _calculate_vertical_distance(
+    input_bbox: List[int],
+    match_bbox: List[int],
+    width: int,
+    disperse: int,
+    title_text: List[Tuple[int, List[int]]],
+) -> float:
+    """
+    Calculate the vertical distance between two bounding boxes, considering title text adjustments.
+
+    Args:
+        input_bbox (List[int]): The bounding box coordinates [x1, y1, x2, y2] of the input object.
+        match_bbox (List[int]): The bounding box coordinates [x1', y1', x2', y2'] of the object to match against.
+        width (int): The width of the input bounding box used for normalization.
+        disperse (int): The dispersion factor used to normalize the vertical distance.
+        title_text (List[Tuple[int, List[int]]]): A list of tuples containing title text information and their bounding box coordinates.
+                                                  Format: [(position_indicator, [x1, y1, x2, y2]), ...].
+
+    Returns:
+        float: The calculated vertical distance taking into account the title text adjustments.
+    """
+    x1, y1, x2, y2 = input_bbox
+    x1_prime, y1_prime, x2_prime, y2_prime = match_bbox
+
+    # Determine horizontal distance adjustment based on title text
+    if x1 > x2_prime:
+        if title_text and title_text[0][0] == 3:
+            x1 -= title_text[0][1][2] - title_text[0][1][0]
+        horizontal_adjustment = (x1 - x2_prime) * 0.5
+    else:
+        if title_text and title_text[-1][0] == 4:
+            x2 += title_text[-1][1][2] - title_text[-1][1][0]
+        horizontal_adjustment = x1_prime - x2
+
+    # Calculate vertical distance with adjustments
+    vertical_distance = (
+        abs(y2_prime - y1) // disperse
+        + horizontal_adjustment // width
+        + horizontal_adjustment / 5000
+    )
+
+    return vertical_distance
+
+
+def _nearest_edge_distance(
+    input_bbox: List[int],
+    match_bbox: List[int],
+    weight: List[float] = [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0],
+    label: str = "text",
+    no_mask_labels: List[str] = [],
+    min_edge_distance_config: List[float] = [],
+    tolerance_len: float = 10.0,
+) -> Tuple[float, List[float]]:
+    """
+    Calculate the nearest edge distance between two bounding boxes, considering directional weights.
+
+    Args:
+        input_bbox (list): The bounding box coordinates [x1, y1, x2, y2] of the input object.
+        match_bbox (list): The bounding box coordinates [x1', y1', x2', y2'] of the object to match against.
+        weight (list, optional): Directional weights for the edge distances [left, right, up, down]. Defaults to [1, 1, 1, 1].
+        label (str, optional): The label/type of the object in the bounding box (e.g., 'text'). Defaults to 'text'.
+        no_mask_labels (list, optional): Labels for which no masking is applied when calculating edge distances. Defaults to an empty list.
+        min_edge_distance_config (list, optional): Configuration for minimum edge distances [min_edge_distance_x, min_edge_distance_y].
+        Defaults to [float('inf'), float('inf')].
+        tolerance_len (float, optional): The tolerance length for adjusting edge distances. Defaults to 10.
+
+    Returns:
+        Tuple[float, List[float]]: A tuple containing:
+            - The calculated minimum edge distance between the bounding boxes.
+            - A list with the minimum edge distances in the x and y directions.
+    """
+    match_bbox_iou = _calculate_overlap_area_div_minbox_area_ratio(
+        input_bbox,
+        match_bbox,
+    )
+    if match_bbox_iou > 0 and label not in no_mask_labels:
+        return 0, [0, 0]
+
+    if not min_edge_distance_config:
+        min_edge_distance_config = [float("inf"), float("inf")]
+    min_edge_distance_x, min_edge_distance_y = min_edge_distance_config
+
+    x1, y1, x2, y2 = input_bbox
+    x1_prime, y1_prime, x2_prime, y2_prime = match_bbox
+
+    direction_num = 0
+    distance_x = float("inf")
+    distance_y = float("inf")
+    distance = [float("inf")] * 4
+
+    # input_bbox is to the left of match_bbox
+    if x2 < x1_prime:
+        direction_num += 1
+        distance[0] = x1_prime - x2
+        if abs(distance[0] - min_edge_distance_x) <= tolerance_len:
+            distance_x = min_edge_distance_x * weight[0]
+        else:
+            distance_x = distance[0] * weight[0]
+    # input_bbox is to the right of match_bbox
+    elif x1 > x2_prime:
+        direction_num += 1
+        distance[1] = x1 - x2_prime
+        if abs(distance[1] - min_edge_distance_x) <= tolerance_len:
+            distance_x = min_edge_distance_x * weight[1]
+        else:
+            distance_x = distance[1] * weight[1]
+    elif match_bbox_iou > 0:
+        distance[0] = 0
+        distance_x = 0
+
+    # input_bbox is above match_bbox
+    if y2 < y1_prime:
+        direction_num += 1
+        distance[2] = y1_prime - y2
+        if abs(distance[2] - min_edge_distance_y) <= tolerance_len:
+            distance_y = min_edge_distance_y * weight[2]
+        else:
+            distance_y = distance[2] * weight[2]
+        if label in no_mask_labels:
+            distance_y = max(0.1, distance_y) * 10  # for abstract
+    # input_bbox is below match_bbox
+    elif y1 > y2_prime:
+        direction_num += 1
+        distance[3] = y1 - y2_prime
+        if abs(distance[3] - min_edge_distance_y) <= tolerance_len:
+            distance_y = min_edge_distance_y * weight[3]
+        else:
+            distance_y = distance[3] * weight[3]
+    elif match_bbox_iou > 0:
+        distance[2] = 0
+        distance_y = 0
+
+    if direction_num == 2:
+        return (distance_x + distance_y), [
+            min(distance[0], distance[1]),
+            min(distance[2], distance[3]),
+        ]
+    else:
+        return min(distance_x, distance_y), [
+            min(distance[0], distance[1]),
+            min(distance[2], distance[3]),
+        ]
+
+
+def _get_weights(label, horizontal):
+    """Define weights based on the label and orientation."""
+    if label == "doc_title":
+        return (
+            [1, 0.1, 0.1, 1] if horizontal else [0.2, 0.1, 1, 1]
+        )  # left-down ,  right-left
+    elif label in [
+        "paragraph_title",
+        "table_title",
+        "abstract",
+        "image",
+        "seal",
+        "chart",
+        "figure",
+    ]:
+        return [1, 1, 0.1, 1]  # down
+    else:
+        return [1, 1, 1, 0.1]  # up
+
+
+def _nearest_iou_edge_distance(
+    input_bbox: List[int],
+    match_bbox: List[int],
+    label: str,
+    vision_labels: List[str],
+    no_mask_labels: List[str],
+    median_width: int = -1,
+    title_labels: List[str] = [],
+    title_text: List[Tuple[int, List[int]]] = [],
+    sub_title: List[List[int]] = [],
+    min_distance_config: List[float] = [],
+    tolerance_len: float = 10.0,
+) -> Tuple[float, List[float]]:
+    """
+    Calculate the nearest IOU edge distance between two bounding boxes, considering label types, title adjustments, and minimum distance configurations.
+    This function computes the edge distance between two bounding boxes while considering their overlap (IOU) and various adjustments based on label types,
+    title text, and subtitle information. It also applies minimum distance configurations and tolerance adjustments.
+
+    Args:
+        input_bbox (List[int]): The bounding box coordinates [x1, y1, x2, y2] of the input object.
+        match_bbox (List[int]): The bounding box coordinates [x1', y1', x2', y2'] of the object to match against.
+        label (str): The label/type of the object in the bounding box (e.g., 'image', 'text', etc.).
+        vision_labels (List[str]): List of labels for vision-related objects (e.g., images, icons).
+        no_mask_labels (List[str]): Labels for which no masking is applied when calculating edge distances.
+        median_width (int, optional): The median width for title dispersion calculation. Defaults to -1.
+        title_labels (List[str], optional): Labels that indicate the object is a title. Defaults to an empty list.
+        title_text (List[Tuple[int, List[int]]], optional): Text content associated with title labels, in the format [(position_indicator, [x1, y1, x2, y2]), ...].
+        sub_title (List[List[int]], optional): List of subtitle bounding boxes to adjust the input_bbox. Defaults to an empty list.
+        min_distance_config (List[float], optional): Configuration for minimum distances [min_edge_distance_config, up_edge_distances_config, total_distance].
+        tolerance_len (float, optional): The tolerance length for adjusting edge distances. Defaults to 10.0.
+
+    Returns:
+        Tuple[float, List[float]]: A tuple containing:
+            - The calculated distance considering IOU and adjustments.
+            - The updated minimum distance configuration.
+    """
+
+    x1, y1, x2, y2 = input_bbox
+    x1_prime, y1_prime, x2_prime, y2_prime = match_bbox
+
+    min_edge_distance_config, up_edge_distances_config, total_distance = (
+        min_distance_config
+    )
+
+    iou_distance = 0
+
+    if label in vision_labels:
+        horizontal1 = horizontal2 = True
+    else:
+        horizontal1 = _get_bbox_direction(input_bbox)
+        horizontal2 = _get_bbox_direction(match_bbox, 3)
+
+    if (
+        horizontal1 != horizontal2
+        or _get_projection_iou(input_bbox, match_bbox, horizontal1) < 0.01
+    ):
+        iou_distance = 1
+
+    if label == "doc_title":
+        # Calculate distance for titles
+        disperse = max(1, median_width)
+        tolerance_len = max(tolerance_len, disperse)
+
+    # Adjust input_bbox based on sub_title
+    if sub_title:
+        for sub in sub_title:
+            x1_, y1_, x2_, y2_ = sub
+            x1, y1, x2, y2 = (
+                min(x1, x1_),
+                min(y1, y1_),
+                min(x2, x2_),
+                max(y2, y2_),
+            )
+        input_bbox = [x1, y1, x2, y2]
+
+    if title_text:
+        for sub in title_text:
+            x1_, y1_, x2_, y2_ = sub[1]
+            if horizontal1:
+                x1, y1, x2, y2 = (
+                    min(x1, x1_),
+                    min(y1, y1_),
+                    min(x2, x2_),
+                    max(y2, y2_),
+                )
+            else:
+                x1, y1, x2, y2 = (
+                    min(x1, x1_),
+                    min(y1, y1_),
+                    max(x2, x2_),
+                    min(y2, y2_),
+                )
+        input_bbox = [x1, y1, x2, y2]
+
+    # Calculate edge distance
+    weight = _get_weights(label, horizontal1)
+    if label == "abstract":
+        tolerance_len *= 2
+
+    edge_distance, edge_distance_config = _nearest_edge_distance(
+        input_bbox,
+        match_bbox,
+        weight,
+        label=label,
+        no_mask_labels=no_mask_labels,
+        min_edge_distance_config=min_edge_distance_config,
+        tolerance_len=tolerance_len,
+    )
+
+    # Weights for combining distances
+    iou_edge_weight = [10**8, 10**4, 1, 0.0001]
+
+    # Calculate up and left edge distances
+    up_edge_distance = y1_prime
+    left_edge_distance = x1_prime
+    if (
+        label in no_mask_labels or label in title_labels or label in vision_labels
+    ) and y1 > y2_prime:
+        up_edge_distance = -y2_prime
+        left_edge_distance = -x2_prime
+
+    min_up_edge_distance = up_edge_distances_config
+    if abs(min_up_edge_distance - up_edge_distance) <= tolerance_len:
+        up_edge_distance = min_up_edge_distance
+
+    # Calculate total distance
+    distance = (
+        iou_distance * iou_edge_weight[0]
+        + edge_distance * iou_edge_weight[1]
+        + up_edge_distance * iou_edge_weight[2]
+        + left_edge_distance * iou_edge_weight[3]
+    )
+
+    # Update minimum distance configuration if a smaller distance is found
+    if total_distance > distance:
+        edge_distance_config = [
+            edge_distance_config[0],
+            edge_distance_config[1],
+        ]
+        min_distance_config = [
+            edge_distance_config,
+            up_edge_distance,
+            distance,
+        ]
+
+    return distance, min_distance_config
+
+
+def get_show_color(label: str) -> Tuple:
+    label_colors = {
+        # Medium Blue (from 'titles_list')
+        "paragraph_title": (102, 102, 255, 100),
+        "doc_title": (255, 248, 220, 100),  # Cornsilk
+        # Light Yellow (from 'tables_caption_list')
+        "table_title": (255, 255, 102, 100),
+        # Sky Blue (from 'imgs_caption_list')
+        "figure_title": (102, 178, 255, 100),
+        "chart_title": (221, 160, 221, 100),  # Plum
+        "vision_footnote": (144, 238, 144, 100),  # Light Green
+        # Deep Purple (from 'texts_list')
+        "text": (153, 0, 76, 100),
+        # Bright Green (from 'interequations_list')
+        "formula": (0, 255, 0, 100),
+        "abstract": (255, 239, 213, 100),  # Papaya Whip
+        # Medium Green (from 'lists_list' and 'indexs_list')
+        "content": (40, 169, 92, 100),
+        # Neutral Gray (from 'dropped_bbox_list')
+        "seal": (158, 158, 158, 100),
+        # Olive Yellow (from 'tables_body_list')
+        "table": (204, 204, 0, 100),
+        # Bright Green (from 'imgs_body_list')
+        "image": (153, 255, 51, 100),
+        # Bright Green (from 'imgs_body_list')
+        "figure": (153, 255, 51, 100),
+        "chart": (216, 191, 216, 100),  # Thistle
+        # Pale Yellow-Green (from 'tables_footnote_list')
+        "reference": (229, 255, 204, 100),
+        "algorithm": (255, 250, 240, 100),  # Floral White
+    }
+    default_color = (158, 158, 158, 100)
+    return label_colors.get(label, default_color)