oscura 0.0.1__py3-none-any.whl → 0.1.0__py3-none-any.whl

oscura/analyzers/validation.py

@@ -0,0 +1,598 @@
+"""Signal validation and suitability checking for measurements.
+
+This module provides helper functions to determine whether a signal is suitable
+for specific measurements before attempting them. This helps avoid NaN results
+and provides better user feedback.
+
+Example:
+    >>> from oscura.analyzers.validation import is_suitable_for_frequency, get_valid_measurements
+    >>> suitable, reason = is_suitable_for_frequency(trace)
+    >>> if suitable:
+    ...     freq = frequency(trace)
+    >>> valid_measurements = get_valid_measurements(trace)
+    >>> print(f"Applicable measurements: {', '.join(valid_measurements)}")
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+import numpy as np
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from oscura.core.types import WaveformTrace
+
+
+def is_suitable_for_frequency_measurement(trace: WaveformTrace) -> tuple[bool, str]:
+    """Check if trace is suitable for frequency measurement.
+
+    Args:
+        trace: Input waveform trace.
+
+    Returns:
+        Tuple of (is_suitable, reason). If not suitable, reason explains why.
+
+    Example:
+        >>> suitable, reason = is_suitable_for_frequency_measurement(trace)
+        >>> if suitable:
+        ...     freq = frequency(trace)
+        ... else:
+        ...     print(f"Cannot measure frequency: {reason}")
+    """
+    from oscura.analyzers.waveform.measurements import _find_edges
+
+    data = trace.data
+    n = len(data)
+
+    # Check minimum samples
+    if n < 3:
+        return False, f"Insufficient samples ({n} < 3)"
+
+    # Check for variation (DC signal)
+    if np.std(data) < 1e-12:
+        return False, "Signal has no variation (DC or constant)"
+
+    # Check for edges
+    rising_edges = _find_edges(trace, "rising")
+    if len(rising_edges) < 2:
+        return (
+            False,
+            f"Insufficient edges for periodic measurement (found {len(rising_edges)} rising edges, need at least 2)",
+        )
+
+    # Check period consistency (is it periodic?)
+    if len(rising_edges) >= 3:
+        edge_times = rising_edges * trace.metadata.time_base
+        periods = np.diff(edge_times)
+        period_cv = np.std(periods) / np.mean(periods) if np.mean(periods) > 0 else float("inf")
+
+        if period_cv > 0.2:
+            return (
+                False,
+                f"Signal is not periodic (period variation: {period_cv * 100:.1f}% > 20%)",
+            )
+
+    return True, "Signal is suitable for frequency measurement"
+
+
+def is_suitable_for_duty_cycle_measurement(trace: WaveformTrace) -> tuple[bool, str]:
+    """Check if trace is suitable for duty cycle measurement.
+
+    Args:
+        trace: Input waveform trace.
+
+    Returns:
+        Tuple of (is_suitable, reason).
+
+    Example:
+        >>> suitable, reason = is_suitable_for_duty_cycle_measurement(trace)
+        >>> if suitable:
+        ...     dc = duty_cycle(trace)
+    """
+    from oscura.analyzers.waveform.measurements import _find_edges
+
+    # Check if suitable for frequency first (duty cycle needs periodic signal)
+    freq_suitable, freq_reason = is_suitable_for_frequency_measurement(trace)
+    if not freq_suitable:
+        return False, freq_reason
+
+    # Need both rising and falling edges
+    rising = _find_edges(trace, "rising")
+    falling = _find_edges(trace, "falling")
+
+    if len(rising) == 0:
+        return False, "No rising edges detected"
+
+    if len(falling) == 0:
+        return False, "No falling edges detected"
+
+    return True, "Signal is suitable for duty cycle measurement"
+
+
+def is_suitable_for_rise_time_measurement(trace: WaveformTrace) -> tuple[bool, str]:
+    """Check if trace is suitable for rise time measurement.
+
+    Args:
+        trace: Input waveform trace.
+
+    Returns:
+        Tuple of (is_suitable, reason).
+
+    Example:
+        >>> suitable, reason = is_suitable_for_rise_time_measurement(trace)
+        >>> if suitable:
+        ...     rt = rise_time(trace)
+    """
+    from oscura.analyzers.waveform.measurements import _find_edges, _find_levels
+
+    data = trace.data
+    n = len(data)
+
+    if n < 3:
+        return False, f"Insufficient samples ({n} < 3)"
+
+    # Check for amplitude
+    low, high = _find_levels(data)
+    amplitude = high - low
+
+    if amplitude <= 0:
+        return False, "Signal has no amplitude (flat or inverted)"
+
+    # Check for rising edges
+    rising_edges = _find_edges(trace, "rising")
+
+    if len(rising_edges) == 0:
+        return False, "No rising edges detected"
+
+    # Check sample rate vs transition time
+    # Find a rising transition and count samples across it
+    sample_rate = trace.metadata.sample_rate
+    low_ref = low + 0.1 * amplitude
+    high_ref = low + 0.9 * amplitude
+
+    # Find first rising transition
+    crossings = np.where((data[:-1] < low_ref) & (data[1:] >= low_ref))[0]
+
+    if len(crossings) > 0:
+        idx = crossings[0]
+        # Count samples from 10% to 90%
+        remaining = data[idx:]
+        above_high = remaining >= high_ref
+
+        if np.any(above_high):
+            end_offset = np.argmax(above_high)
+            samples_in_transition = end_offset
+
+            if samples_in_transition < 2:
+                est_rise_time = samples_in_transition / sample_rate
+                recommended_rate = 10 / est_rise_time
+                return (
+                    False,
+                    f"Insufficient sample rate for transition (< 2 samples). "
+                    f"Recommend sample rate > {recommended_rate:.3e} Hz",
+                )
+
+    return True, "Signal is suitable for rise time measurement"
+
+
+def is_suitable_for_fall_time_measurement(trace: WaveformTrace) -> tuple[bool, str]:
+    """Check if trace is suitable for fall time measurement.
+
+    Args:
+        trace: Input waveform trace.
+
+    Returns:
+        Tuple of (is_suitable, reason).
+    """
+    from oscura.analyzers.waveform.measurements import _find_edges, _find_levels
+
+    data = trace.data
+    n = len(data)
+
+    if n < 3:
+        return False, f"Insufficient samples ({n} < 3)"
+
+    low, high = _find_levels(data)
+    amplitude = high - low
+
+    if amplitude <= 0:
+        return False, "Signal has no amplitude (flat or inverted)"
+
+    # Check for falling edges
+    falling_edges = _find_edges(trace, "falling")
+
+    if len(falling_edges) == 0:
+        return False, "No falling edges detected"
+
+    return True, "Signal is suitable for fall time measurement"
+
+
+def is_suitable_for_jitter_measurement(trace: WaveformTrace) -> tuple[bool, str]:
+    """Check if trace is suitable for jitter measurement.
+
+    Args:
+        trace: Input waveform trace.
+
+    Returns:
+        Tuple of (is_suitable, reason).
+
+    Example:
+        >>> suitable, reason = is_suitable_for_jitter_measurement(trace)
+        >>> if suitable:
+        ...     jitter = rms_jitter(trace)
+    """
+    from oscura.analyzers.waveform.measurements import _find_edges
+
+    # Jitter needs periodic signal
+    freq_suitable, freq_reason = is_suitable_for_frequency_measurement(trace)
+    if not freq_suitable:
+        return False, freq_reason
+
+    # Need at least 3 edges (2 periods minimum)
+    edges = _find_edges(trace, "rising")
+
+    if len(edges) < 3:
+        return (
+            False,
+            f"Insufficient edges for jitter measurement (found {len(edges)}, need at least 3)",
+        )
+
+    return True, "Signal is suitable for jitter measurement"
+
+
+def get_valid_measurements(trace: WaveformTrace) -> list[str]:
+    """Get list of measurements that are suitable for this trace.
+
+    Analyzes the signal characteristics and returns the names of all
+    measurement functions that should return valid (non-NaN) results.
+
+    Args:
+        trace: Input waveform trace.
+
+    Returns:
+        List of measurement function names (without parentheses).
+
+    Example:
+        >>> valid = get_valid_measurements(trace)
+        >>> print(f"Applicable measurements: {', '.join(valid)}")
+        >>> # Then apply only valid measurements
+        >>> for meas_name in valid:
+        ...     func = getattr(tk, meas_name)
+        ...     result = func(trace)
+    """
+    valid = []
+
+    # These almost always work (just need data)
+    if len(trace.data) > 0:
+        valid.extend(["mean", "rms"])
+
+    if len(trace.data) >= 2:
+        valid.append("amplitude")
+
+    # Check edge-based measurements
+    suitable, _ = is_suitable_for_rise_time_measurement(trace)
+    if suitable:
+        valid.append("rise_time")
+
+    suitable, _ = is_suitable_for_fall_time_measurement(trace)
+    if suitable:
+        valid.append("fall_time")
+
+    # Check frequency/period
+    suitable, _ = is_suitable_for_frequency_measurement(trace)
+    if suitable:
+        valid.extend(["frequency", "period"])
+
+    # Check duty cycle
+    suitable, _ = is_suitable_for_duty_cycle_measurement(trace)
+    if suitable:
+        valid.append("duty_cycle")
+
+    # Check jitter
+    suitable, _ = is_suitable_for_jitter_measurement(trace)
+    if suitable:
+        valid.extend(["rms_jitter", "peak_to_peak_jitter"])
+
+    # Pulse width - needs edges but not necessarily periodic
+    from oscura.analyzers.waveform.measurements import _find_edges
+
+    rising = _find_edges(trace, "rising")
+    falling = _find_edges(trace, "falling")
+
+    if len(rising) > 0 and len(falling) > 0:
+        valid.append("pulse_width")
+
+    # Overshoot/undershoot - check amplitude
+    from oscura.analyzers.waveform.measurements import _find_levels
+
+    if len(trace.data) >= 3:
+        low, high = _find_levels(trace.data)
+        if high - low > 0:
+            valid.extend(["overshoot", "undershoot", "preshoot"])
+
+    # Slew rate - similar to rise/fall time
+    if "rise_time" in valid or "fall_time" in valid:
+        valid.append("slew_rate")
+
+    return valid
+
+
+def analyze_signal_characteristics(trace: WaveformTrace) -> dict[str, bool | int | str | list[str]]:
+    """Perform comprehensive signal characteristic analysis.
+
+    Determines signal type, edge counts, periodicity, and recommends
+    applicable measurements.
+
+    Args:
+        trace: Input waveform trace.
+
+    Returns:
+        Dictionary containing:
+            - sufficient_samples: bool - at least 16 samples
+            - has_amplitude: bool - signal has variation
+            - has_variation: bool - standard deviation > 0
+            - has_edges: bool - rising or falling edges detected
+            - is_periodic: bool - signal appears periodic
+            - edge_count: int - total edges (rising + falling)
+            - rising_edge_count: int - number of rising edges
+            - falling_edge_count: int - number of falling edges
+            - signal_type: str - classified type (dc, periodic_digital, etc.)
+            - recommended_measurements: list[str] - suggested measurements
+
+    Example:
+        >>> chars = analyze_signal_characteristics(trace)
+        >>> if chars['is_periodic']:
+        ...     print("Signal is periodic")
+        ...     print(f"Frequency measurement recommended: {'frequency' in chars['recommended_measurements']}")
+    """
+    from oscura.analyzers.waveform.measurements import _find_edges
+
+    data = trace.data
+    n = len(data)
+
+    characteristics: dict[str, bool | int | str | list[str]] = {
+        "sufficient_samples": n >= 16,
+        "has_amplitude": False,
+        "has_variation": False,
+        "has_edges": False,
+        "is_periodic": False,
+        "edge_count": 0,
+        "rising_edge_count": 0,
+        "falling_edge_count": 0,
+        "signal_type": "unknown",
+        "recommended_measurements": [],
+    }
+
+    # Check variation
+    std = np.std(data)
+    characteristics["has_variation"] = std > 1e-12
+
+    # Check amplitude
+    amplitude = np.max(data) - np.min(data)
+    characteristics["has_amplitude"] = amplitude > 1e-12
+
+    if not characteristics["has_variation"]:
+        characteristics["signal_type"] = "dc"
+        characteristics["recommended_measurements"] = ["mean", "rms"]
+        return characteristics
+
+    # Count edges
+    rising_edges = _find_edges(trace, "rising")
+    falling_edges = _find_edges(trace, "falling")
+
+    rising_edge_count = len(rising_edges)
+    falling_edge_count = len(falling_edges)
+    edge_count = rising_edge_count + falling_edge_count
+
+    characteristics["rising_edge_count"] = rising_edge_count
+    characteristics["falling_edge_count"] = falling_edge_count
+    characteristics["edge_count"] = edge_count
+    characteristics["has_edges"] = edge_count > 0
+
+    # Check periodicity
+    if len(rising_edges) >= 3:
+        periods = np.diff(rising_edges)
+        period_cv = np.std(periods) / np.mean(periods) if np.mean(periods) > 0 else float("inf")
+
+        if period_cv < 0.2:  # Less than 20% variation
+            characteristics["is_periodic"] = True
+
+    # Classify signal type
+    if not characteristics["has_edges"]:
+        # No edges - check if analog periodic
+        if n >= 16:
+            fft_result = np.abs(np.fft.rfft(data - np.mean(data)))
+            peak_power = np.max(fft_result[1:]) if len(fft_result) > 1 else 0
+            avg_power = np.mean(fft_result[1:]) if len(fft_result) > 1 else 0
+
+            if peak_power > 10 * avg_power:
+                characteristics["signal_type"] = "periodic_analog"
+            else:
+                characteristics["signal_type"] = "noise"
+        else:
+            characteristics["signal_type"] = "unknown"
+    elif characteristics["is_periodic"]:
+        characteristics["signal_type"] = "periodic_digital"
+    else:
+        characteristics["signal_type"] = "aperiodic_digital"
+
+    # Recommend measurements
+    recommended = get_valid_measurements(trace)
+    characteristics["recommended_measurements"] = recommended
+
+    return characteristics
+
+
+def get_measurement_requirements(measurement_name: str) -> dict[str, str | int | list[str]]:
+    """Get requirements for a specific measurement.
+
+    Args:
+        measurement_name: Name of the measurement function.
+
+    Returns:
+        Dictionary containing:
+            - description: str - what the measurement computes
+            - min_samples: int - minimum data points needed
+            - required_signal_types: list[str] - suitable signal types
+            - required_features: list[str] - required signal features
+            - common_nan_causes: list[str] - common reasons for NaN
+
+    Example:
+        >>> reqs = get_measurement_requirements('frequency')
+        >>> print(f"Minimum samples: {reqs['min_samples']}")
+        >>> print(f"Required features: {', '.join(reqs['required_features'])}")
+    """
+    requirements = {
+        "frequency": {
+            "description": "Measures the repetition rate of a periodic signal",
+            "min_samples": 3,
+            "required_signal_types": ["periodic_digital", "periodic_analog"],
+            "required_features": ["edges", "periodic"],
+            "common_nan_causes": [
+                "DC signal (no transitions)",
+                "Aperiodic signal (< 2 edges)",
+                "Highly variable period (> 20% variation)",
+            ],
+        },
+        "period": {
+            "description": "Measures time between consecutive edges",
+            "min_samples": 3,
+            "required_signal_types": ["periodic_digital", "periodic_analog"],
+            "required_features": ["edges", "periodic"],
+            "common_nan_causes": [
+                "DC signal",
+                "Fewer than 2 edges detected",
+                "Aperiodic signal",
+            ],
+        },
+        "duty_cycle": {
+            "description": "Measures ratio of high time to period",
+            "min_samples": 3,
+            "required_signal_types": ["periodic_digital"],
+            "required_features": ["rising_edges", "falling_edges", "periodic"],
+            "common_nan_causes": [
+                "Non-periodic signal",
+                "Missing rising or falling edges",
+                "DC signal",
+            ],
+        },
+        "rise_time": {
+            "description": "Measures time for rising edge transition",
+            "min_samples": 3,
+            "required_signal_types": ["periodic_digital", "aperiodic_digital", "periodic_analog"],
+            "required_features": ["rising_edges", "amplitude"],
+            "common_nan_causes": [
+                "No rising edges",
+                "Insufficient sample rate",
+                "DC signal",
+            ],
+        },
+        "fall_time": {
+            "description": "Measures time for falling edge transition",
+            "min_samples": 3,
+            "required_signal_types": ["periodic_digital", "aperiodic_digital", "periodic_analog"],
+            "required_features": ["falling_edges", "amplitude"],
+            "common_nan_causes": [
+                "No falling edges",
+                "Insufficient sample rate",
+                "DC signal",
+            ],
+        },
+        "pulse_width": {
+            "description": "Measures duration of high or low pulse",
+            "min_samples": 3,
+            "required_signal_types": ["periodic_digital", "aperiodic_digital"],
+            "required_features": ["rising_edges", "falling_edges"],
+            "common_nan_causes": [
+                "Missing edge pairs",
+                "DC signal",
+                "Incomplete pulses",
+            ],
+        },
+        "amplitude": {
+            "description": "Measures peak-to-peak voltage",
+            "min_samples": 2,
+            "required_signal_types": ["all"],
+            "required_features": [],
+            "common_nan_causes": ["Fewer than 2 samples"],
+        },
+        "mean": {
+            "description": "Calculates DC level (average voltage)",
+            "min_samples": 1,
+            "required_signal_types": ["all"],
+            "required_features": [],
+            "common_nan_causes": ["No data"],
+        },
+        "rms": {
+            "description": "Calculates root-mean-square voltage",
+            "min_samples": 1,
+            "required_signal_types": ["all"],
+            "required_features": [],
+            "common_nan_causes": ["No data"],
+        },
+        "overshoot": {
+            "description": "Measures overshoot above high level",
+            "min_samples": 3,
+            "required_signal_types": ["periodic_digital", "aperiodic_digital"],
+            "required_features": ["amplitude"],
+            "common_nan_causes": ["No amplitude", "DC signal"],
+        },
+        "undershoot": {
+            "description": "Measures undershoot below low level",
+            "min_samples": 3,
+            "required_signal_types": ["periodic_digital", "aperiodic_digital"],
+            "required_features": ["amplitude"],
+            "common_nan_causes": ["No amplitude", "DC signal"],
+        },
+        "slew_rate": {
+            "description": "Measures dV/dt during transitions",
+            "min_samples": 3,
+            "required_signal_types": ["periodic_digital", "aperiodic_digital"],
+            "required_features": ["edges", "amplitude"],
+            "common_nan_causes": ["No edges", "No amplitude", "DC signal"],
+        },
+        "rms_jitter": {
+            "description": "Measures timing uncertainty (RMS)",
+            "min_samples": 3,
+            "required_signal_types": ["periodic_digital"],
+            "required_features": ["edges", "periodic"],
+            "common_nan_causes": [
+                "Fewer than 3 edges",
+                "Non-periodic signal",
+                "DC signal",
+            ],
+        },
+        "peak_to_peak_jitter": {
+            "description": "Measures peak-to-peak timing variation",
+            "min_samples": 3,
+            "required_signal_types": ["periodic_digital"],
+            "required_features": ["edges", "periodic"],
+            "common_nan_causes": [
+                "Fewer than 3 edges",
+                "Non-periodic signal",
+                "DC signal",
+            ],
+        },
+    }
+
+    default = {
+        "description": "Measurement not documented",
+        "min_samples": 1,
+        "required_signal_types": ["unknown"],
+        "required_features": [],
+        "common_nan_causes": ["Check measurement documentation"],
+    }
+
+    return requirements.get(measurement_name, default)  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "analyze_signal_characteristics",
+    "get_measurement_requirements",
+    "get_valid_measurements",
+    "is_suitable_for_duty_cycle_measurement",
+    "is_suitable_for_fall_time_measurement",
+    "is_suitable_for_frequency_measurement",
+    "is_suitable_for_jitter_measurement",
+    "is_suitable_for_rise_time_measurement",
+]

oscura/analyzers/waveform/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+"""Waveform analysis module.
+
+Provides timing and amplitude measurements for analog waveforms.
+"""
+
+from oscura.analyzers.waveform.measurements import (
+    amplitude,
+    duty_cycle,
+    fall_time,
+    frequency,
+    mean,
+    measure,
+    overshoot,
+    period,
+    preshoot,
+    pulse_width,
+    rise_time,
+    rms,
+    undershoot,
+)
+
+__all__ = [
+    "amplitude",
+    "duty_cycle",
+    "fall_time",
+    "frequency",
+    "mean",
+    "measure",
+    "overshoot",
+    "period",
+    "preshoot",
+    "pulse_width",
+    "rise_time",
+    "rms",
+    "undershoot",
+]