superacli 1.1.6 → 1.1.8

package/ref-monty/crates/monty/src/exception_private.rs

@@ -1,1513 +0,0 @@
-use std::{
-    borrow::Cow,
-    fmt::{self, Display, Write},
-};
-
-use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-use smallvec::smallvec;
-use strum::{Display, EnumString, IntoStaticStr};
-
-use crate::{
-    args::ArgValues,
-    bytecode::{CallResult, VM},
-    defer_drop,
-    exception_public::{MontyException, StackFrame},
-    fstring::FormatError,
-    heap::{Heap, HeapData},
-    intern::{Interns, StaticStrings, StringId},
-    parse::CodeRange,
-    resource::ResourceTracker,
-    types::{
-        PyTrait, Str, Type, allocate_tuple,
-        str::{StringRepr, string_repr_fmt},
-    },
-    value::{EitherStr, Value},
-};
-
-/// Result type alias for operations that can produce a runtime error.
-pub type RunResult<T> = Result<T, RunError>;
-
-/// Python exception types supported by the interpreter.
-///
-/// Uses strum derives for automatic `Display`, `FromStr`, and `Into<&'static str>` implementations.
-/// The string representation matches the variant name exactly (e.g., `ValueError` -> "ValueError").
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Display, EnumString, IntoStaticStr, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-pub enum ExcType {
-    /// primary exception class - matches any exception in isinstance checks.
-    Exception,
-
-    /// System exit exceptions
-    BaseException,
-    SystemExit,
-    KeyboardInterrupt,
-
-    // --- ArithmeticError hierarchy ---
-    /// Intermediate class for arithmetic errors.
-    ArithmeticError,
-    /// Subclass of ArithmeticError.
-    OverflowError,
-    /// Subclass of ArithmeticError.
-    ZeroDivisionError,
-
-    // --- LookupError hierarchy ---
-    /// Intermediate class for lookup errors.
-    LookupError,
-    /// Subclass of LookupError.
-    IndexError,
-    /// Subclass of LookupError.
-    KeyError,
-
-    // --- RuntimeError hierarchy ---
-    /// Intermediate class for runtime errors.
-    RuntimeError,
-    /// Subclass of RuntimeError.
-    NotImplementedError,
-    /// Subclass of RuntimeError.
-    RecursionError,
-
-    // --- AttributeError hierarchy ---
-    AttributeError,
-    /// Subclass of AttributeError (from dataclasses module).
-    FrozenInstanceError,
-
-    // --- NameError hierarchy ---
-    NameError,
-    /// Subclass of NameError - for accessing local variable before assignment.
-    UnboundLocalError,
-
-    // --- ValueError hierarchy ---
-    ValueError,
-    /// Subclass of ValueError - for encoding/decoding errors.
-    UnicodeDecodeError,
-
-    // --- ImportError hierarchy ---
-    /// Import-related errors (module not found, name not in module).
-    ImportError,
-    /// Subclass of ImportError - for when a module cannot be found.
-    ModuleNotFoundError,
-
-    // --- OSError hierarchy ---
-    /// OS-related errors (file not found, permission denied, etc.)
-    OSError,
-    /// Subclass of OSError - for when a file or directory cannot be found.
-    FileNotFoundError,
-    /// Subclass of OSError - for when a file already exists.
-    FileExistsError,
-    /// Subclass of OSError - for when a path is a directory but a file was expected.
-    IsADirectoryError,
-    /// Subclass of OSError - for when a path is not a directory but one was expected.
-    NotADirectoryError,
-
-    // --- Standalone exception types ---
-    AssertionError,
-    MemoryError,
-    StopIteration,
-    SyntaxError,
-    TimeoutError,
-    TypeError,
-
-    // --- Module-specific exception types ---
-
-    // --- re module ---
-    /// `re.PatternError` - raised for invalid regex patterns or unsupported regex features.
-    ///
-    /// # Behavior Note
-    ///
-    /// Limited to monty's exception type, `PatternError` does not provide `pattern`, `pos`,
-    /// `lineno` and `colno` attributes.
-    ///
-    /// As per CPython's implementation, it would be hard to convert `fancy-regex`'s error
-    /// representations into the required attributes.
-    #[strum(serialize = "re.PatternError")]
-    RePatternError,
-}
-
-impl ExcType {
-    /// Checks if this exception type is a subclass of another exception type.
-    ///
-    /// Implements Python's exception hierarchy for try/except matching:
-    /// - `Exception` is the base class for all standard exceptions
-    /// - `LookupError` is the base for `KeyError` and `IndexError`
-    /// - `ArithmeticError` is the base for `ZeroDivisionError` and `OverflowError`
-    /// - `RuntimeError` is the base for `RecursionError` and `NotImplementedError`
-    ///
-    /// Returns true if `self` would be caught by `except handler_type:`.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn is_subclass_of(self, handler_type: Self) -> bool {
-        if self == handler_type {
-            return true;
-        }
-        match handler_type {
-            // BaseException catches all exceptions
-            Self::BaseException => true,
-            // Exception catches everything except BaseException, and direct subclasses: KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit
-            Self::Exception => !matches!(self, Self::BaseException | Self::KeyboardInterrupt | Self::SystemExit),
-            // LookupError catches KeyError and IndexError
-            Self::LookupError => matches!(self, Self::KeyError | Self::IndexError),
-            // ArithmeticError catches ZeroDivisionError and OverflowError
-            Self::ArithmeticError => matches!(self, Self::ZeroDivisionError | Self::OverflowError),
-            // RuntimeError catches RecursionError and NotImplementedError
-            Self::RuntimeError => matches!(self, Self::RecursionError | Self::NotImplementedError),
-            // AttributeError catches FrozenInstanceError
-            Self::AttributeError => matches!(self, Self::FrozenInstanceError),
-            // NameError catches UnboundLocalError
-            Self::NameError => matches!(self, Self::UnboundLocalError),
-            // ValueError catches UnicodeDecodeError
-            Self::ValueError => matches!(self, Self::UnicodeDecodeError),
-            // ImportError catches ModuleNotFoundError
-            Self::ImportError => matches!(self, Self::ModuleNotFoundError),
-            // OSError catches FileNotFoundError, FileExistsError, IsADirectoryError, NotADirectoryError
-            Self::OSError => matches!(
-                self,
-                Self::FileNotFoundError | Self::FileExistsError | Self::IsADirectoryError | Self::NotADirectoryError
-            ),
-            // All other types only match exactly (handled by self == handler_type above)
-            _ => false,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an exception instance from an exception type and arguments.
-    ///
-    /// Handles exception constructors like `ValueError('message')`.
-    /// Currently supports zero or one string argument.
-    ///
-    /// The `interns` parameter provides access to interned string content.
-    /// Returns a heap-allocated exception value.
-    pub(crate) fn call(self, vm: &mut VM<'_, '_, impl ResourceTracker>, args: ArgValues) -> RunResult<Value> {
-        defer_drop!(args, vm);
-        let exc = match args {
-            ArgValues::Empty => Ok(SimpleException::new_none(self)),
-            ArgValues::One(value) => match value {
-                Value::InternString(string_id) => Ok(SimpleException::new_msg(
-                    self,
-                    vm.interns.get_str(*string_id).to_owned(),
-                )),
-                Value::Ref(heap_id) => {
-                    if let HeapData::Str(s) = vm.heap.get(*heap_id) {
-                        Ok(SimpleException::new_msg(self, s.as_str().to_owned()))
-                    } else {
-                        Err(RunError::internal(
-                            "exceptions can only be called with zero or one string argument",
-                        ))
-                    }
-                }
-                _ => Err(RunError::internal(
-                    "exceptions can only be called with zero or one string argument",
-                )),
-            },
-            _ => Err(RunError::internal(
-                "exceptions can only be called with zero or one string argument",
-            )),
-        }?;
-        let heap_id = vm.heap.allocate(HeapData::Exception(exc))?;
-        Ok(Value::Ref(heap_id))
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an AttributeError for when an attribute is not found (GET operation).
-    ///
-    /// Sets `hide_caret: true` because CPython doesn't show carets for attribute GET errors.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn attribute_error(type_name: impl Display, attr: &str) -> RunError {
-        let exc = SimpleException::new_msg(
-            Self::AttributeError,
-            format!("'{type_name}' object has no attribute '{attr}'"),
-        );
-        RunError::Exc(ExceptionRaise {
-            exc,
-            frame: None,
-            hide_caret: true, // CPython doesn't show carets for attribute GET errors
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an AttributeError for attribute assignment on types that don't support it.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format for setting attributes on built-in types.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn attribute_error_no_setattr(type_: Type, attr_name: &str) -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(
-            Self::AttributeError,
-            format!("'{type_}' object has no attribute '{attr_name}' and no __dict__ for setting new attributes"),
-        )
-        .into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an AttributeError for a missing module attribute.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `AttributeError: module 'name' has no attribute 'attr'`
-    /// Sets `hide_caret: true` because CPython doesn't show carets for attribute GET errors.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn attribute_error_module(module_name: &str, attr_name: &str) -> RunError {
-        let exc = SimpleException::new_msg(
-            Self::AttributeError,
-            format!("module '{module_name}' has no attribute '{attr_name}'"),
-        );
-        RunError::Exc(ExceptionRaise {
-            exc,
-            frame: None,
-            hide_caret: true, // CPython doesn't show carets for attribute GET errors
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a FrozenInstanceError for assigning to a frozen dataclass.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's `dataclasses.FrozenInstanceError` which is a subclass of `AttributeError`.
-    /// Message format: "cannot assign to field 'attr_name'"
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn frozen_instance_error(attr_name: &str) -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(
-            Self::FrozenInstanceError,
-            format!("cannot assign to field '{attr_name}'"),
-        )
-        .into()
-    }
-
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn type_error_not_sub(type_: Type) -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::TypeError, format!("'{type_}' object is not subscriptable")).into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a TypeError for awaiting a non-awaitable object.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `TypeError: '{type}' object can't be awaited`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn object_not_awaitable(type_: Type) -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::TypeError, format!("'{type_}' object can't be awaited")).into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a TypeError for item assignment on types that don't support it.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `TypeError: '{type}' object does not support item assignment`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn type_error_not_sub_assignment(type_: Type) -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(
-            Self::TypeError,
-            format!("'{type_}' object does not support item assignment"),
-        )
-        .into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a TypeError for unhashable types when calling `hash()`.
-    ///
-    /// This matches Python 3.14's error message: `TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn type_error_unhashable(type_: Type) -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::TypeError, format!("unhashable type: '{type_}'")).into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a TypeError for unhashable types used as dict keys.
-    ///
-    /// This matches Python 3.14's error message:
-    /// `TypeError: cannot use 'list' as a dict key (unhashable type: 'list')`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn type_error_unhashable_dict_key(type_: Type) -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(
-            Self::TypeError,
-            format!("cannot use '{type_}' as a dict key (unhashable type: '{type_}')"),
-        )
-        .into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a TypeError for unhashable types used as set elements.
-    ///
-    /// This matches Python 3.14's error message:
-    /// `TypeError: cannot use 'list' as a set element (unhashable type: 'list')`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn type_error_unhashable_set_element(type_: Type) -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(
-            Self::TypeError,
-            format!("cannot use '{type_}' as a set element (unhashable type: '{type_}')"),
-        )
-        .into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a KeyError for a missing dict key.
-    ///
-    /// For string keys, uses the raw string value without extra quoting.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn key_error(key: &Value, vm: &VM<'_, '_, impl ResourceTracker>) -> RunError {
-        let key_str = key.py_str(vm).into_owned();
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::KeyError, key_str).into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a KeyError for popping from an empty set.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's error format: `KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn key_error_pop_empty_set() -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::KeyError, "pop from an empty set").into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a TypeError for when a function receives the wrong number of arguments.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's error format exactly:
-    /// - For 1 expected arg: `{name}() takes exactly one argument ({actual} given)`
-    /// - For N expected args: `{name} expected {expected} arguments, got {actual}`
-    ///
-    /// # Arguments
-    /// * `name` - The function name (e.g., "len" for builtins, "list.append" for methods)
-    /// * `expected` - Number of expected arguments
-    /// * `actual` - Number of arguments actually provided
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn type_error_arg_count(name: &str, expected: usize, actual: usize) -> RunError {
-        if expected == 1 {
-            // CPython: "len() takes exactly one argument (2 given)"
-            SimpleException::new_msg(
-                Self::TypeError,
-                format!("{name}() takes exactly one argument ({actual} given)"),
-            )
-            .into()
-        } else {
-            // CPython: "insert expected 2 arguments, got 1"
-            SimpleException::new_msg(
-                Self::TypeError,
-                format!("{name} expected {expected} arguments, got {actual}"),
-            )
-            .into()
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a TypeError for when a method that takes no arguments receives some.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `{name}() takes no arguments ({actual} given)`
-    ///
-    /// # Arguments
-    /// * `name` - The method name (e.g., "dict.keys")
-    /// * `actual` - Number of arguments actually provided
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn type_error_no_args(name: &str, actual: usize) -> RunError {
-        // CPython: "dict.keys() takes no arguments (1 given)"
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::TypeError, format!("{name}() takes no arguments ({actual} given)")).into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a TypeError for when a function receives fewer arguments than required.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `{name} expected at least {min} argument, got {actual}`
-    ///
-    /// # Arguments
-    /// * `name` - The function name (e.g., "get", "pop")
-    /// * `min` - Minimum number of required arguments
-    /// * `actual` - Number of arguments actually provided
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn type_error_at_least(name: &str, min: usize, actual: usize) -> RunError {
-        // CPython: "get expected at least 1 argument, got 0"
-        let plural = if min == 1 { "" } else { "s" };
-        SimpleException::new_msg(
-            Self::TypeError,
-            format!("{name} expected at least {min} argument{plural}, got {actual}"),
-        )
-        .into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a TypeError for when a function receives more arguments than allowed.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `{name} expected at most {max} arguments, got {actual}`
-    ///
-    /// # Arguments
-    /// * `name` - The function name (e.g., "get", "pop")
-    /// * `max` - Maximum number of allowed arguments
-    /// * `actual` - Number of arguments actually provided
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn type_error_at_most(name: &str, max: usize, actual: usize) -> RunError {
-        // CPython: "get expected at most 2 arguments, got 3"
-        SimpleException::new_msg(
-            Self::TypeError,
-            format!("{name} expected at most {max} arguments, got {actual}"),
-        )
-        .into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a TypeError for missing positional arguments.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `{name}() missing {count} required positional argument(s): 'a' and 'b'`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn type_error_missing_positional_with_names(name: &str, missing_names: &[&str]) -> RunError {
-        let count = missing_names.len();
-        let names_str = format_param_names(missing_names);
-        if count == 1 {
-            SimpleException::new_msg(
-                Self::TypeError,
-                format!("{name}() missing 1 required positional argument: {names_str}"),
-            )
-            .into()
-        } else {
-            SimpleException::new_msg(
-                Self::TypeError,
-                format!("{name}() missing {count} required positional arguments: {names_str}"),
-            )
-            .into()
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a TypeError for missing keyword-only arguments.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `{name}() missing {count} required keyword-only argument(s): 'a' and 'b'`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn type_error_missing_kwonly_with_names(name: &str, missing_names: &[&str]) -> RunError {
-        let count = missing_names.len();
-        let names_str = format_param_names(missing_names);
-        if count == 1 {
-            SimpleException::new_msg(
-                Self::TypeError,
-                format!("{name}() missing 1 required keyword-only argument: {names_str}"),
-            )
-            .into()
-        } else {
-            SimpleException::new_msg(
-                Self::TypeError,
-                format!("{name}() missing {count} required keyword-only arguments: {names_str}"),
-            )
-            .into()
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a TypeError for too many positional arguments.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format:
-    /// - Simple: `{name}() takes {max} positional argument(s) but {actual} were given`
-    /// - With kwonly: `{name}() takes {max} positional argument(s) but {actual} positional argument(s) (and N keyword-only argument(s)) were given`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn type_error_too_many_positional(
-        name: &str,
-        max: usize,
-        actual: usize,
-        kwonly_given: usize,
-    ) -> RunError {
-        let takes_word = if max == 1 { "argument" } else { "arguments" };
-
-        if kwonly_given > 0 {
-            // CPython includes keyword-only args in the "given" part when present
-            let given_word = if actual == 1 { "argument" } else { "arguments" };
-            let kwonly_word = if kwonly_given == 1 { "argument" } else { "arguments" };
-            SimpleException::new_msg(
-                Self::TypeError,
-                format!(
-                    "{name}() takes {max} positional {takes_word} but {actual} positional {given_word} (and {kwonly_given} keyword-only {kwonly_word}) were given"
-                ),
-            )
-            .into()
-        } else if max == 0 {
-            SimpleException::new_msg(
-                Self::TypeError,
-                format!("{name}() takes 0 positional arguments but {actual} were given"),
-            )
-            .into()
-        } else {
-            SimpleException::new_msg(
-                Self::TypeError,
-                format!("{name}() takes {max} positional {takes_word} but {actual} were given"),
-            )
-            .into()
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a TypeError for positional-only parameter passed as keyword.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `{name}() got some positional-only arguments passed as keyword arguments: '{param}'`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn type_error_positional_only(name: &str, param: &str) -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(
-            Self::TypeError,
-            format!("{name}() got some positional-only arguments passed as keyword arguments: '{param}'"),
-        )
-        .into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a TypeError for duplicate argument.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `{name}() got multiple values for argument '{param}'`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn type_error_duplicate_arg(name: &str, param: &str) -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(
-            Self::TypeError,
-            format!("{name}() got multiple values for argument '{param}'"),
-        )
-        .into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a TypeError for duplicate keyword argument.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `{name}() got multiple values for keyword argument '{key}'`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn type_error_multiple_values(name: &str, key: &str) -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(
-            Self::TypeError,
-            format!("{name}() got multiple values for keyword argument '{key}'"),
-        )
-        .into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a TypeError for unexpected keyword argument.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `{name}() got an unexpected keyword argument '{key}'`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn type_error_unexpected_keyword(name: &str, key: &str) -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(
-            Self::TypeError,
-            format!("{name}() got an unexpected keyword argument '{key}'"),
-        )
-        .into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a TypeError for **kwargs argument that is not a mapping.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `{name}() argument after ** must be a mapping, not {type_name}`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn type_error_kwargs_not_mapping(name: &str, type_name: &str) -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(
-            Self::TypeError,
-            format!("{name}() argument after ** must be a mapping, not {type_name}"),
-        )
-        .into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a TypeError for `{**x}` dict-literal unpacking where `x` is not a mapping.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `'{type_name}' object is not a mapping`
-    ///
-    /// Note: this differs from [`type_error_kwargs_not_mapping`] which is used for
-    /// function-call `**kwargs` and includes the function name in the message.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn type_error_not_mapping(type_: Type) -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::TypeError, format!("'{type_}' object is not a mapping")).into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a TypeError for **kwargs with non-string keys.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `{name}() keywords must be strings`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn type_error_kwargs_nonstring_key() -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::TypeError, "keywords must be strings").into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a simple TypeError with a custom message.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn type_error(msg: impl fmt::Display) -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::TypeError, msg).into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a TypeError for bytes() constructor with invalid type.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `TypeError: cannot convert '{type}' object to bytes`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn type_error_bytes_init(type_: Type) -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::TypeError, format!("cannot convert '{type_}' object to bytes")).into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a TypeError for calling a non-callable type.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `TypeError: cannot create '{type}' instances`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn type_error_not_callable(type_: Type) -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::TypeError, format!("cannot create '{type_}' instances")).into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a TypeError for calling a non-callable object.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `TypeError: '{type}' object is not callable`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn type_error_not_callable_object(type_: Type) -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::TypeError, format!("'{type_}' object is not callable")).into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a TypeError for non-iterable type in list/tuple/etc constructors.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `TypeError: '{type}' object is not iterable`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn type_error_not_iterable(type_: Type) -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::TypeError, format!("'{type_}' object is not iterable")).into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a TypeError for non-iterable type in PEP 448 `*value` literal unpack.
-    ///
-    /// Used when `[*expr]`, `(*expr,)` literal unpack encounters a non-iterable — distinct
-    /// from [`type_error_not_iterable`] because CPython uses a different message for this context.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `TypeError: Value after * must be an iterable, not {type}`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn type_error_value_after_star(type_: Type) -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(
-            Self::TypeError,
-            format!("Value after * must be an iterable, not {type_}"),
-        )
-        .into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a TypeError for int() constructor with invalid type.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `TypeError: int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not '{type}'`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn type_error_int_conversion(type_: Type) -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(
-            Self::TypeError,
-            format!("int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not '{type_}'"),
-        )
-        .into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a TypeError for float() constructor with invalid type.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not '{type}'`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn type_error_float_conversion(type_: Type) -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(
-            Self::TypeError,
-            format!("float() argument must be a string or a real number, not '{type_}'"),
-        )
-        .into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a ValueError for negative count in bytes().
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `ValueError: negative count`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn value_error_negative_bytes_count() -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::ValueError, "negative count").into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a TypeError for isinstance() arg 2.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `TypeError: isinstance() arg 2 must be a type, a tuple of types, or a union`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn isinstance_arg2_error() -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(
-            Self::TypeError,
-            "isinstance() arg 2 must be a type, a tuple of types, or a union",
-        )
-        .into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a TypeError for invalid exception type in except clause.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `TypeError: catching classes that do not inherit from BaseException is not allowed`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn except_invalid_type_error() -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(
-            Self::TypeError,
-            "catching classes that do not inherit from BaseException is not allowed",
-        )
-        .into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a ValueError for range() step argument being zero.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `ValueError: range() arg 3 must not be zero`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn value_error_range_step_zero() -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::ValueError, "range() arg 3 must not be zero").into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a ValueError for slice step being zero.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `ValueError: slice step cannot be zero`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn value_error_slice_step_zero() -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::ValueError, "slice step cannot be zero").into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a TypeError for slice indices that are not integers or None.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `TypeError: slice indices must be integers or None or have an __index__ method`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn type_error_slice_indices() -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(
-            Self::TypeError,
-            "slice indices must be integers or None or have an __index__ method",
-        )
-        .into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a RuntimeError for dict mutation during iteration.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `RuntimeError: dictionary changed size during iteration`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn runtime_error_dict_changed_size() -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::RuntimeError, "dictionary changed size during iteration").into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a RuntimeError for set mutation during iteration.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `RuntimeError: Set changed size during iteration`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn runtime_error_set_changed_size() -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::RuntimeError, "Set changed size during iteration").into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a TypeError for functions that don't accept keyword arguments.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `TypeError: {name}() takes no keyword arguments`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn type_error_no_kwargs(name: &str) -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::TypeError, format!("{name}() takes no keyword arguments")).into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an IndexError for list index out of range (getitem).
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `IndexError('list index out of range')`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn list_index_error() -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::IndexError, "list index out of range").into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an IndexError for list assignment index out of range (setitem).
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `IndexError('list assignment index out of range')`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn list_assignment_index_error() -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::IndexError, "list assignment index out of range").into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an IndexError for tuple index out of range.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `IndexError('tuple index out of range')`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn tuple_index_error() -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::IndexError, "tuple index out of range").into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an IndexError for string index out of range.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `IndexError('string index out of range')`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn str_index_error() -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::IndexError, "string index out of range").into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an IndexError for bytes index out of range.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `IndexError('index out of range')`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn bytes_index_error() -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::IndexError, "index out of range").into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an IndexError for range index out of range.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `IndexError('range object index out of range')`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn range_index_error() -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::IndexError, "range object index out of range").into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an IndexError for `re.Match` group index out of range.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `IndexError('no such group')`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn re_match_group_index_error() -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::IndexError, "no such group").into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a TypeError for non-integer sequence indices (getitem).
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `TypeError('{type}' indices must be integers, not '{index_type}')`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn type_error_indices(type_str: Type, index_type: Type) -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(
-            Self::TypeError,
-            format!("{type_str} indices must be integers, not '{index_type}'"),
-        )
-        .into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a TypeError for non-integer list indices (setitem/assignment).
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `TypeError('list indices must be integers or slices, not {index_type}')`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn type_error_list_assignment_indices(index_type: Type) -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(
-            Self::TypeError,
-            format!("list indices must be integers or slices, not {index_type}"),
-        )
-        .into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a NameError for accessing a free variable (nonlocal/closure) before it's assigned.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `NameError: cannot access free variable 'x' where it is not
-    /// associated with a value in enclosing scope`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn name_error_free_variable(name: &str) -> SimpleException {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(
-            Self::NameError,
-            format!("cannot access free variable '{name}' where it is not associated with a value in enclosing scope"),
-        )
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a NameError for accessing an undefined variable.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `NameError: name 'x' is not defined`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn name_error(name: &str) -> SimpleException {
-        let mut msg = format!("name '{name}' is not defined");
-        // add the same suffix as cpython, but only for the modules supported by Monty
-        if matches!(name, "asyncio" | "sys" | "typing" | "types" | "re") {
-            write!(&mut msg, ". Did you forget to import '{name}'?").unwrap();
-        }
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::NameError, msg)
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an UnboundLocalError for accessing a local variable before assignment.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `UnboundLocalError: cannot access local variable 'x' where it is not associated with a value`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn unbound_local_error(name: &str) -> SimpleException {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(
-            Self::UnboundLocalError,
-            format!("cannot access local variable '{name}' where it is not associated with a value"),
-        )
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a ModuleNotFoundError for when a module cannot be found.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'name'`
-    /// Sets `hide_caret: true` because CPython doesn't show carets for module not found errors.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn module_not_found_error(module_name: &str) -> RunError {
-        let exc = SimpleException::new_msg(Self::ModuleNotFoundError, format!("No module named '{module_name}'"));
-        RunError::Exc(ExceptionRaise {
-            exc,
-            frame: None,
-            hide_caret: true, // CPython doesn't show carets for module not found errors
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a NotImplementedError for an unimplemented Python feature.
-    ///
-    /// Used during parsing when encountering Python syntax that Monty doesn't yet support.
-    /// The message format is: "The monty syntax parser does not yet support {feature}"
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn not_implemented(msg: impl fmt::Display) -> SimpleException {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::NotImplementedError, msg)
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a ZeroDivisionError for division by zero.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython 3.14's format: `ZeroDivisionError('division by zero')`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn zero_division() -> SimpleException {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::ZeroDivisionError, "division by zero")
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an OverflowError for string/sequence repetition with count too large.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `OverflowError('cannot fit 'int' into an index-sized integer')`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn overflow_repeat_count() -> SimpleException {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::OverflowError, "cannot fit 'int' into an index-sized integer")
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an IndexError for when an integer index is too large to fit in i64.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `IndexError: cannot fit 'int' into an index-sized integer`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn index_error_int_too_large() -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::IndexError, "cannot fit 'int' into an index-sized integer").into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an ImportError for when a name cannot be imported from a module.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format for built-in modules:
-    /// `ImportError: cannot import name 'name' from 'module' (unknown location)`
-    ///
-    /// Sets `hide_caret: true` because CPython doesn't show carets for import errors.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn cannot_import_name(name: &str, module_name: &str) -> RunError {
-        let exc = SimpleException::new_msg(
-            Self::ImportError,
-            format!("cannot import name '{name}' from '{module_name}' (unknown location)"),
-        );
-        RunError::Exc(ExceptionRaise {
-            exc,
-            frame: None,
-            hide_caret: true,
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a ValueError for negative shift count in bitwise shift operations.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `ValueError: negative shift count`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn value_error_negative_shift_count() -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::ValueError, "negative shift count").into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an OverflowError for shift count exceeding integer size.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `OverflowError: Python int too large to convert to C ssize_t`
-    /// Note: CPython uses this message because it tries to convert to ssize_t for the shift amount.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn overflow_shift_count() -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::OverflowError, "Python int too large to convert to C ssize_t").into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a TypeError for unsupported binary operations.
-    ///
-    /// For `+` or `+=` with str/list on the left side, uses CPython's special format:
-    /// `can only concatenate {type} (not "{other}") to {type}`
-    ///
-    /// For other cases, uses the generic format:
-    /// `unsupported operand type(s) for {op}: '{left}' and '{right}'`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn binary_type_error(op: &str, lhs_type: Type, rhs_type: Type) -> RunError {
-        let message = if (op == "+" || op == "+=") && (lhs_type == Type::Str || lhs_type == Type::List) {
-            format!("can only concatenate {lhs_type} (not \"{rhs_type}\") to {lhs_type}")
-        } else {
-            format!("unsupported operand type(s) for {op}: '{lhs_type}' and '{rhs_type}'")
-        };
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::TypeError, message).into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a TypeError for unsupported unary operations.
-    ///
-    /// Uses CPython's format: `bad operand type for unary {op}: '{type}'`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn unary_type_error(op: &str, value_type: Type) -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(
-            Self::TypeError,
-            format!("bad operand type for unary {op}: '{value_type}'"),
-        )
-        .into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a TypeError for functions that require an integer argument.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `TypeError: '{type}' object cannot be interpreted as an integer`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn type_error_not_integer(type_: Type) -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(
-            Self::TypeError,
-            format!("'{type_}' object cannot be interpreted as an integer"),
-        )
-        .into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a ZeroDivisionError for zero raised to a negative power.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `ZeroDivisionError: zero to a negative power`
-    /// Note: CPython uses the same message for both int and float zero ** negative.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn zero_negative_power() -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::ZeroDivisionError, "zero to a negative power").into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an OverflowError for exponents that are too large.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `OverflowError: exponent too large`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn overflow_exponent_too_large() -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::OverflowError, "exponent too large").into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a ZeroDivisionError for divmod by zero (both integer and float).
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `ZeroDivisionError: division by zero`
-    /// Note: CPython uses the same message for both integer and float divmod.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn divmod_by_zero() -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::ZeroDivisionError, "division by zero").into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a TypeError for str.join() when an item is not a string.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `TypeError: sequence item {index}: expected str instance, {type} found`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn type_error_join_item(index: usize, item_type: Type) -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(
-            Self::TypeError,
-            format!("sequence item {index}: expected str instance, {item_type} found"),
-        )
-        .into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a TypeError for str.join() when the argument is not iterable.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `TypeError: can only join an iterable`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn type_error_join_not_iterable() -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::TypeError, "can only join an iterable").into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a ValueError for str.index()/str.rindex() when substring is not found.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `ValueError: substring not found`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn value_error_substring_not_found() -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::ValueError, "substring not found").into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a ValueError for str.partition()/str.rpartition() with empty separator.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `ValueError: empty separator`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn value_error_empty_separator() -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::ValueError, "empty separator").into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a TypeError for fillchar argument that is not a single character.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `TypeError: The fill character must be exactly one character long`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn type_error_fillchar_must_be_single_char() -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::TypeError, "The fill character must be exactly one character long").into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a StopIteration exception for when an iterator is exhausted.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `StopIteration`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn stop_iteration() -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_none(Self::StopIteration).into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a ValueError for list.index() when item is not found.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `ValueError: list.index(x): x not in list`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn value_error_not_in_list() -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::ValueError, "list.index(x): x not in list").into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a ValueError for tuple.index() when item is not found.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `ValueError: tuple.index(x): x not in tuple`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn value_error_not_in_tuple() -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::ValueError, "tuple.index(x): x not in tuple").into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a ValueError for list.remove() when item is not found.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn value_error_remove_not_in_list() -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::ValueError, "list.remove(x): x not in list").into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an IndexError for popping from an empty list.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `IndexError: pop from empty list`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn index_error_pop_empty_list() -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::IndexError, "pop from empty list").into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an IndexError for list.pop(index) with invalid index.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `IndexError: pop index out of range`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn index_error_pop_out_of_range() -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::IndexError, "pop index out of range").into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a KeyError for popping from an empty dict.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn key_error_popitem_empty_dict() -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::KeyError, "'popitem(): dictionary is empty'").into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a LookupError for unknown encoding.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `LookupError: unknown encoding: {encoding}`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn lookup_error_unknown_encoding(encoding: &str) -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::LookupError, format!("unknown encoding: {encoding}")).into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a UnicodeDecodeError for invalid UTF-8 bytes in decode().
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode bytes...`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn unicode_decode_error_invalid_utf8() -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(
-            Self::UnicodeDecodeError,
-            "'utf-8' codec can't decode bytes: invalid utf-8 sequence",
-        )
-        .into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a ValueError for subsequence not found in bytes/str.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `ValueError: subsection not found`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn value_error_subsequence_not_found() -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::ValueError, "subsection not found").into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a LookupError for unknown error handler.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's format: `LookupError: unknown error handler name '{name}'`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn lookup_error_unknown_error_handler(name: &str) -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::LookupError, format!("unknown error handler name '{name}'")).into()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a `re.PatternError` for an invalid regex pattern or unsupported regex feature.
-    ///
-    /// Matches CPython's exception type: `re.PatternError: {message}`
-    #[must_use]
-    pub(crate) fn re_pattern_error(msg: impl fmt::Display) -> RunError {
-        SimpleException::new_msg(Self::RePatternError, msg).into()
-    }
-}
-
-/// Simple lightweight representation of an exception.
-///
-/// This is used for performance reasons for common exception patterns.
-/// Exception messages use `String` for owned storage.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Hash, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
-pub(crate) struct SimpleException {
-    exc_type: ExcType,
-    arg: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl fmt::Display for SimpleException {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        self.py_repr_fmt(f)
-    }
-}
-impl From<MontyException> for SimpleException {
-    fn from(exc: MontyException) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            exc_type: exc.exc_type(),
-            arg: exc.into_message(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl SimpleException {
-    /// Creates a new exception with the given type and optional argument message.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn new(exc_type: ExcType, arg: Option<String>) -> Self {
-        Self { exc_type, arg }
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a new exception with the given type and argument message.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn new_msg(exc_type: ExcType, arg: impl fmt::Display) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            exc_type,
-            arg: Some(arg.to_string()),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a new exception with the given type and no argument message.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn new_none(exc_type: ExcType) -> Self {
-        Self { exc_type, arg: None }
-    }
-
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn exc_type(&self) -> ExcType {
-        self.exc_type
-    }
-
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn arg(&self) -> Option<&String> {
-        self.arg.as_ref()
-    }
-
-    /// str() for an exception
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn py_str(&self) -> String {
-        match (self.exc_type, &self.arg) {
-            // KeyError expecificaly uses repr of the key for str(exc)
-            (ExcType::KeyError, Some(exc)) => StringRepr(exc).to_string(),
-            (_, Some(arg)) => arg.to_owned(),
-            (_, None) => String::new(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn py_type(&self) -> Type {
-        Type::Exception(self.exc_type)
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the exception formatted as Python would repr it.
-    pub fn py_repr_fmt(&self, f: &mut impl Write) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        let type_str: &'static str = self.exc_type.into();
-        write!(f, "{type_str}(")?;
-
-        if let Some(arg) = &self.arg {
-            string_repr_fmt(arg, f)?;
-        }
-
-        f.write_char(')')
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn with_frame(self, frame: RawStackFrame) -> ExceptionRaise {
-        ExceptionRaise {
-            exc: self,
-            frame: Some(frame),
-            hide_caret: false,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn with_position(self, position: CodeRange) -> ExceptionRaise {
-        ExceptionRaise {
-            exc: self,
-            frame: Some(RawStackFrame::from_position(position)),
-            hide_caret: false,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Gets an attribute from this exception.
-    ///
-    /// Handles the `.args` attribute by allocating a tuple containing the message.
-    /// Returns `Err(AttributeError)` for all other attributes.
-    pub fn py_getattr(
-        &self,
-        attr: &EitherStr,
-        heap: &mut Heap<impl ResourceTracker>,
-        interns: &Interns,
-    ) -> RunResult<Option<CallResult>> {
-        // Fast path: interned strings can be matched by ID
-        let is_args = attr
-            .static_string()
-            .map_or_else(|| attr.as_str(interns) == "args", |ss| ss == StaticStrings::Args);
-
-        if is_args {
-            // Construct tuple with 0 or 1 elements based on whether arg exists
-            let elements = if let Some(arg_str) = &self.arg {
-                let str_id = heap.allocate(HeapData::Str(Str::from(arg_str.clone())))?;
-                smallvec![Value::Ref(str_id)]
-            } else {
-                smallvec![]
-            };
-            Ok(Some(CallResult::Value(allocate_tuple(elements, heap)?)))
-        } else {
-            Ok(None)
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// A raised exception with optional stack frame for traceback.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
-pub struct ExceptionRaise {
-    pub exc: SimpleException,
-    /// The stack frame where the exception was raised (first in vec is closest "bottom" frame).
-    pub frame: Option<RawStackFrame>,
-    /// Whether to hide the caret marker when creating the stack frame.
-    ///
-    /// CPython doesn't show carets for attribute GET errors, but does show them
-    /// for attribute SET errors. This flag allows error creators to specify
-    /// whether the caret should be hidden.
-    #[serde(default)]
-    pub hide_caret: bool,
-}
-
-impl From<SimpleException> for ExceptionRaise {
-    fn from(exc: SimpleException) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            exc,
-            frame: None,
-            hide_caret: false,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<MontyException> for ExceptionRaise {
-    fn from(exc: MontyException) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            exc: exc.into(),
-            frame: None,
-            hide_caret: false,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl ExceptionRaise {
-    /// Adds a caller's frame as the outermost frame in the traceback chain.
-    ///
-    /// This is used when an exception propagates up through call frames.
-    /// The new frame becomes the ultimate parent (displayed first in traceback,
-    /// since tracebacks show "most recent call last").
-    ///
-    /// Special case: If the innermost frame has no name yet (created with `with_position`),
-    /// this sets its name instead of creating a new parent. This happens when the error
-    /// is raised from a namespace lookup - the initial frame has the position but not
-    /// the function name, which gets filled in as the error propagates.
-    pub(crate) fn add_caller_frame(&mut self, position: CodeRange, name: StringId) {
-        self.add_caller_frame_inner(position, name, false);
-    }
-
-    fn add_caller_frame_inner(&mut self, position: CodeRange, name: StringId, hide_caret: bool) {
-        if let Some(ref mut frame) = self.frame {
-            // If innermost frame has no name, set it instead of adding a parent
-            // This handles errors from namespace lookups which create nameless frames
-            if frame.frame_name.is_none() {
-                frame.frame_name = Some(name);
-                frame.hide_caret = hide_caret;
-                return;
-            }
-            // Find the outermost frame (the one with no parent) and add the new frame as its parent
-            let mut current = frame;
-            while current.parent.is_some() {
-                current = current.parent.as_mut().unwrap();
-            }
-            let mut new_frame = RawStackFrame::new(position, name, None);
-            new_frame.hide_caret = hide_caret;
-            current.parent = Some(Box::new(new_frame));
-        } else {
-            // No frame yet - create one
-            let mut new_frame = RawStackFrame::new(position, name, None);
-            new_frame.hide_caret = hide_caret;
-            self.frame = Some(new_frame);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Converts this exception to a `MontyException` for the public API.
-    ///
-    /// Uses `Interns` to resolve `StringId` references to actual strings.
-    /// Extracts preview lines from the source code for traceback display.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn into_python_exception(self, interns: &Interns, source: &str) -> MontyException {
-        let traceback = self
-            .frame
-            .map(|frame| {
-                let mut frames = Vec::new();
-                let mut current = Some(&frame);
-                while let Some(f) = current {
-                    frames.push(StackFrame::from_raw(f, interns, source));
-                    current = f.parent.as_deref();
-                }
-                // Reverse so outermost frame is first (Python's "most recent call last" ordering)
-                frames.reverse();
-                frames
-            })
-            .unwrap_or_default();
-
-        MontyException::new_full(self.exc.exc_type(), self.exc.arg().cloned(), traceback)
-    }
-}
-
-/// A stack frame for traceback information.
-///
-/// Stores position information and optional function name as StringId.
-/// The actual name string must be looked up externally when formatting the traceback.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
-pub struct RawStackFrame {
-    pub position: CodeRange,
-    /// The name of the frame (function name StringId, or None for module-level code).
-    pub frame_name: Option<StringId>,
-    pub parent: Option<Box<Self>>,
-    /// Whether to hide the caret marker in the traceback for this frame.
-    ///
-    /// Set to `true` for:
-    /// - `raise` statements (CPython doesn't show carets for raise)
-    /// - `AttributeError` on attribute access (CPython doesn't show carets for these)
-    pub hide_caret: bool,
-}
-
-impl RawStackFrame {
-    pub(crate) fn new(position: CodeRange, frame_name: StringId, parent: Option<&Self>) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            position,
-            frame_name: Some(frame_name),
-            parent: parent.map(|p| Box::new(p.clone())),
-            hide_caret: false,
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn from_position(position: CodeRange) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            position,
-            frame_name: None,
-            parent: None,
-            hide_caret: false,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a new frame for a raise statement (no caret will be shown).
-    pub(crate) fn from_raise(position: CodeRange, frame_name: StringId) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            position,
-            frame_name: Some(frame_name),
-            parent: None,
-            hide_caret: true,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Runtime error types that can occur during execution.
-///
-/// Three variants:
-/// - `Internal`: Bug in interpreter implementation (static message)
-/// - `Exc`: Python exception that can be caught by try/except (when implemented)
-/// - `UncatchableExc`: Python exception from resource limits that CANNOT be caught
-#[derive(Debug, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
-pub(crate) enum RunError {
-    /// Internal interpreter error - indicates a bug in Monty, not user code.
-    Internal(Cow<'static, str>),
-    /// Catchable Python exception (e.g., ValueError, TypeError).
-    Exc(ExceptionRaise),
-    /// Uncatchable Python exception from resource limits (MemoryError, TimeoutError).
-    ///
-    /// These exceptions display with proper tracebacks like normal Python exceptions,
-    /// but cannot be caught by try/except blocks. This prevents untrusted code from
-    /// suppressing resource limit violations.
-    UncatchableExc(ExceptionRaise),
-}
-
-impl From<ExceptionRaise> for RunError {
-    fn from(exc: ExceptionRaise) -> Self {
-        Self::Exc(exc)
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<SimpleException> for RunError {
-    fn from(exc: SimpleException) -> Self {
-        Self::Exc(exc.into())
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<MontyException> for RunError {
-    fn from(exc: MontyException) -> Self {
-        Self::Exc(exc.into())
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<FormatError> for RunError {
-    fn from(err: FormatError) -> Self {
-        let exc_type = match &err {
-            FormatError::Overflow(_) => ExcType::OverflowError,
-            FormatError::InvalidAlignment(_) | FormatError::ValueError(_) => ExcType::ValueError,
-        };
-        Self::Exc(SimpleException::new_msg(exc_type, err).into())
-    }
-}
-
-impl RunError {
-    /// Converts this runtime error to a `MontyException` for the public API.
-    ///
-    /// Internal errors are converted to `RuntimeError` exceptions with no traceback.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn into_python_exception(self, interns: &Interns, source: &str) -> MontyException {
-        match self {
-            Self::Exc(exc) | Self::UncatchableExc(exc) => exc.into_python_exception(interns, source),
-            Self::Internal(err) => MontyException::runtime_error(format!("Internal error in monty: {err}")),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn internal(msg: impl Into<Cow<'static, str>>) -> Self {
-        Self::Internal(msg.into())
-    }
-}
-
-/// Formats a list of parameter names for error messages.
-///
-/// Examples:
-/// - `["a"]` -> `'a'`
-/// - `["a", "b"]` -> `'a' and 'b'`
-/// - `["a", "b", "c"]` -> `'a', 'b' and 'c'`
-fn format_param_names(names: &[&str]) -> String {
-    match names.len() {
-        0 => String::new(),
-        1 => format!("'{}'", names[0]),
-        2 => format!("'{}' and '{}'", names[0], names[1]),
-        _ => {
-            let last = names.last().unwrap();
-            let rest: Vec<_> = names[..names.len() - 1].iter().map(|n| format!("'{n}'")).collect();
-            format!("{} and '{last}'", rest.join(", "))
-        }
-    }
-}