superacli 1.1.6 → 1.1.8

package/ref-monty/crates/monty/src/types/dict.rs

@@ -1,879 +0,0 @@
-use std::{
-    collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher,
-    fmt::Write,
-    hash::{Hash, Hasher},
-};
-
-use ahash::AHashSet;
-use hashbrown::{HashTable, hash_table::Entry};
-use smallvec::smallvec;
-
-use super::{DictItemsView, DictKeysView, DictValuesView, MontyIter, PyTrait, allocate_tuple};
-use crate::{
-    args::{ArgValues, KwargsValues},
-    bytecode::{CallResult, VM},
-    defer_drop, defer_drop_mut,
-    exception_private::{ExcType, RunResult},
-    heap::{ContainsHeap, DropWithHeap, Heap, HeapData, HeapGuard, HeapId},
-    intern::{Interns, StaticStrings},
-    resource::{ResourceError, ResourceTracker},
-    types::Type,
-    value::{EitherStr, Value},
-};
-
-/// Python dict type preserving insertion order.
-///
-/// This type provides Python dict semantics including dynamic key-value namespaces,
-/// reference counting for heap values, and standard dict methods.
-///
-/// # Implemented Methods
-/// - `get(key[, default])` - Get value or default
-/// - `keys()` - Return view of keys
-/// - `values()` - Return view of values
-/// - `items()` - Return view of (key, value) pairs
-/// - `pop(key[, default])` - Remove and return value
-/// - `clear()` - Remove all items
-/// - `copy()` - Shallow copy
-/// - `update(other)` - Update from dict or iterable of pairs
-/// - `setdefault(key[, default])` - Get or set default value
-/// - `popitem()` - Remove and return last (key, value) pair
-/// - `fromkeys(iterable[, value])` - Create dict from keys (classmethod)
-///
-/// All dict methods from Python's builtins are implemented.
-///
-/// # Storage Strategy
-/// Uses a `HashTable<usize>` for hash lookups combined with a dense `Vec<DictEntry>`
-/// to preserve insertion order (matching Python 3.7+ behavior). The hash table maps
-/// key hashes to indices in the entries vector. This design provides O(1) lookups
-/// while maintaining insertion order for iteration.
-///
-/// # Reference Counting
-/// When values are added via `set()`, their reference counts are incremented.
-/// When using `from_pairs()`, ownership is transferred without incrementing refcounts
-/// (caller must ensure values' refcounts account for the dict's reference).
-///
-/// # GC Optimization
-/// The `contains_refs` flag tracks whether the dict contains any `Value::Ref` items.
-/// This allows `collect_child_ids` and `py_dec_ref_ids` to skip iteration when the
-/// dict contains only primitive values (ints, bools, None, etc.), significantly
-/// improving GC performance for dicts of primitives.
-#[derive(Debug, Default)]
-pub(crate) struct Dict {
-    /// indices mapping from the entry hash to its index.
-    indices: HashTable<usize>,
-    /// entries is a dense vec maintaining entry order.
-    entries: Vec<DictEntry>,
-    /// True if any key or value in the dict is a `Value::Ref`. Used to skip iteration
-    /// in `collect_child_ids` and `py_dec_ref_ids` when no refs are present.
-    /// Only transitions from false to true (never back) since tracking removals would be O(n).
-    contains_refs: bool,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
-struct DictEntry {
-    key: Value,
-    value: Value,
-    /// the hash is needed here for correct use of insert_unique
-    hash: u64,
-}
-
-impl Dict {
-    /// Creates a new empty dict.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn new() -> Self {
-        Self::default()
-    }
-
-    pub fn with_capacity(capacity: usize) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            indices: HashTable::with_capacity(capacity),
-            entries: Vec::with_capacity(capacity),
-            contains_refs: false,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns whether this dict contains any heap references (`Value::Ref`).
-    ///
-    /// Used during allocation to determine if this container could create cycles,
-    /// and in `collect_child_ids` and `py_dec_ref_ids` to skip iteration when no refs
-    /// are present.
-    ///
-    /// Note: This flag only transitions from false to true (never back). When a ref is
-    /// removed via `pop()`, we do NOT recompute the flag because that would be O(n).
-    /// This is conservative - we may iterate unnecessarily if all refs were removed,
-    /// but we'll never skip iteration when refs exist.
-    #[inline]
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn has_refs(&self) -> bool {
-        self.contains_refs
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a dict from a vector of (key, value) pairs.
-    ///
-    /// Assumes the caller is transferring ownership of all keys and values in the pairs.
-    /// Does NOT increment reference counts since ownership is being transferred.
-    /// Returns Err if any key is unhashable (e.g., list, dict).
-    pub fn from_pairs(pairs: Vec<(Value, Value)>, vm: &mut VM<'_, '_, impl ResourceTracker>) -> RunResult<Self> {
-        let pairs_iter = pairs.into_iter();
-        defer_drop_mut!(pairs_iter, vm);
-        let dict = Self::with_capacity(pairs_iter.len());
-        let mut dict_guard = HeapGuard::new(dict, vm);
-        let (dict, vm) = dict_guard.as_parts_mut();
-        for (key, value) in pairs_iter {
-            if let Some(old_value) = dict.set(key, value, vm)? {
-                old_value.drop_with_heap(vm);
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(dict_guard.into_inner())
-    }
-
-    /// Gets a value from the dict by key.
-    ///
-    /// Returns Ok(Some(value)) if key exists, Ok(None) if key doesn't exist.
-    /// Returns Err if key is unhashable.
-    pub fn get(&self, key: &Value, vm: &mut VM<'_, '_, impl ResourceTracker>) -> RunResult<Option<&Value>> {
-        if let Some(index) = self.find_index_hash(key, vm)?.0 {
-            Ok(Some(&self.entries[index].value))
-        } else {
-            Ok(None)
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Gets a value from the dict by string key name (immutable lookup).
-    ///
-    /// This is an O(1) lookup that doesn't require mutable heap access.
-    /// Only works for string keys - returns None if the key is not found.
-    pub fn get_by_str(&self, key_str: &str, heap: &Heap<impl ResourceTracker>, interns: &Interns) -> Option<&Value> {
-        // Compute hash for the string key
-        let mut hasher = DefaultHasher::new();
-        key_str.hash(&mut hasher);
-        let hash = hasher.finish();
-
-        // Find entry with matching hash and key
-        self.indices
-            .find(hash, |&idx| {
-                let entry_key = &self.entries[idx].key;
-                match entry_key {
-                    Value::InternString(id) => interns.get_str(*id) == key_str,
-                    Value::Ref(id) => {
-                        if let HeapData::Str(s) = heap.get(*id) {
-                            s.as_str() == key_str
-                        } else {
-                            false
-                        }
-                    }
-                    _ => false,
-                }
-            })
-            .map(|&idx| &self.entries[idx].value)
-    }
-
-    /// Sets a key-value pair in the dict.
-    ///
-    /// The caller transfers ownership of `key` and `value` to the dict. Their refcounts
-    /// are NOT incremented here - the caller is responsible for ensuring the refcounts
-    /// were already incremented (e.g., via `clone_with_heap` or `evaluate_use`).
-    ///
-    /// If the key already exists, replaces the old value and returns it (caller now
-    /// owns the old value and is responsible for its refcount).
-    /// Returns Err if key is unhashable.
-    pub fn set(
-        &mut self,
-        key: Value,
-        value: Value,
-        vm: &mut VM<'_, '_, impl ResourceTracker>,
-    ) -> RunResult<Option<Value>> {
-        // Track if we're adding a reference for GC optimization
-        if matches!(key, Value::Ref(_)) || matches!(value, Value::Ref(_)) {
-            self.contains_refs = true;
-        }
-
-        // Handle hash computation errors explicitly so we can drop key/value properly
-        let (opt_index, hash) = match self.find_index_hash(&key, vm) {
-            Ok(result) => result,
-            Err(e) => {
-                // Drop the key and value before returning the error
-                key.drop_with_heap(vm);
-                value.drop_with_heap(vm);
-                return Err(e);
-            }
-        };
-
-        let entry = DictEntry { key, value, hash };
-        if let Some(index) = opt_index {
-            // Key exists, replace in place to preserve insertion order
-            let old_entry = std::mem::replace(&mut self.entries[index], entry);
-
-            // Decrement refcount for old key (we're discarding it)
-            old_entry.key.drop_with_heap(vm);
-            // Transfer ownership of the old value to caller (no clone needed)
-            Ok(Some(old_entry.value))
-        } else {
-            // Key doesn't exist, add new pair to indices and entries
-            let index = self.entries.len();
-            self.entries.push(entry);
-            self.indices
-                .insert_unique(hash, index, |index| self.entries[*index].hash);
-            Ok(None)
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Removes and returns a key-value pair from the dict.
-    ///
-    /// Returns Ok(Some((key, value))) if key exists, Ok(None) if key doesn't exist.
-    /// Returns Err if key is unhashable.
-    ///
-    /// Reference counting: does not decrement refcounts for removed key and value;
-    /// caller assumes ownership and is responsible for managing their refcounts.
-    pub fn pop(&mut self, key: &Value, vm: &mut VM<'_, '_, impl ResourceTracker>) -> RunResult<Option<(Value, Value)>> {
-        let hash = key
-            .py_hash(vm.heap, vm.interns)?
-            .ok_or_else(|| ExcType::type_error_unhashable_dict_key(key.py_type(vm.heap)))?;
-
-        let entry = self.indices.entry(
-            hash,
-            |v| key.py_eq(&self.entries[*v].key, vm).unwrap_or(false),
-            |index| self.entries[*index].hash,
-        );
-
-        if let Entry::Occupied(occ_entry) = entry {
-            let entry = self.entries.remove(*occ_entry.get());
-            occ_entry.remove();
-            // Don't decrement refcounts - caller now owns the values
-            Ok(Some((entry.key, entry.value)))
-        } else {
-            Ok(None)
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the number of key-value pairs in the dict.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
-        self.entries.len()
-    }
-
-    /// Returns true if the dict is empty.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
-        self.len() == 0
-    }
-
-    /// Returns an iterator over references to (key, value) pairs.
-    pub fn iter(&self) -> DictIter<'_> {
-        self.into_iter()
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the key at the given iteration index, or None if out of bounds.
-    ///
-    /// Used for index-based iteration in for loops. Returns a reference to
-    /// the key at the given position in insertion order.
-    pub fn key_at(&self, index: usize) -> Option<&Value> {
-        self.entries.get(index).map(|e| &e.key)
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the value at the given iteration index, or None if out of bounds.
-    ///
-    /// Dictionary views use this to produce live `dict_values` iteration directly
-    /// from the underlying storage without copying the dictionary.
-    pub fn value_at(&self, index: usize) -> Option<&Value> {
-        self.entries.get(index).map(|e| &e.value)
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the key-value pair at the given iteration index, or None if out of bounds.
-    ///
-    /// This accessor keeps dict-view iteration logic out of the storage internals
-    /// while still allowing `dict_items` to produce tuples on demand.
-    pub fn item_at(&self, index: usize) -> Option<(&Value, &Value)> {
-        self.entries.get(index).map(|entry| (&entry.key, &entry.value))
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a dict from the `dict([mapping_or_pairs], **kwargs)` constructor call.
-    ///
-    /// Supported forms:
-    /// - `dict()` returns an empty dict.
-    /// - `dict(existing_dict)` returns a shallow copy of the dict.
-    /// - `dict(iterable_of_pairs)` consumes `(key, value)` pairs from the iterable.
-    /// - `dict(**kwargs)` inserts keyword arguments as string keys.
-    ///
-    /// Keyword arguments are applied after the optional positional source, matching
-    /// CPython precedence (`dict([('a', 1)], a=2)` yields `{'a': 2}`).
-    ///
-    /// For now, only real `dict` values use mapping-copy semantics; other values
-    /// are interpreted as iterables of pairs.
-    pub fn init(vm: &mut VM<'_, '_, impl ResourceTracker>, args: ArgValues) -> RunResult<Value> {
-        let dict = Self::new();
-        let mut dict_guard = HeapGuard::new(dict, vm);
-
-        {
-            let (dict, vm) = dict_guard.as_parts_mut();
-            let (pos_iter, kwargs) = args.into_parts();
-            defer_drop_mut!(pos_iter, vm);
-            let mut kwargs_guard = HeapGuard::new(kwargs, vm);
-
-            if let Some(other_value) = pos_iter.next() {
-                let other_value_guard = HeapGuard::new(other_value, kwargs_guard.heap());
-                if pos_iter.len() != 0 {
-                    return Err(ExcType::type_error_at_most("dict", 1, pos_iter.len() + 1));
-                }
-                let other_value = other_value_guard.into_inner();
-                dict_merge_from_value(dict, other_value, kwargs_guard.heap())?;
-            }
-
-            let kwargs = kwargs_guard.into_inner();
-            dict_merge_from_kwargs(dict, kwargs, vm)?;
-        }
-
-        let dict = dict_guard.into_inner();
-        let heap_id = vm.heap.allocate(HeapData::Dict(dict))?;
-        Ok(Value::Ref(heap_id))
-    }
-
-    fn find_index_hash(
-        &self,
-        key: &Value,
-        vm: &mut VM<'_, '_, impl ResourceTracker>,
-    ) -> RunResult<(Option<usize>, u64)> {
-        let hash = key
-            .py_hash(vm.heap, vm.interns)?
-            .ok_or_else(|| ExcType::type_error_unhashable_dict_key(key.py_type(vm.heap)))?;
-
-        // Dict keys are typically shallow (strings, ints, tuples of primitives),
-        // so recursion errors are unlikely. If one occurs, treat it as "not equal" -
-        // the key lookup fails but doesn't crash.
-        let opt_index = self
-            .indices
-            .find(hash, |v| key.py_eq(&self.entries[*v].key, vm).unwrap_or(false))
-            .copied();
-        Ok((opt_index, hash))
-    }
-}
-
-/// Iterator over borrowed (key, value) pairs in a dict.
-pub(crate) struct DictIter<'a>(std::slice::Iter<'a, DictEntry>);
-
-impl<'a> Iterator for DictIter<'a> {
-    type Item = (&'a Value, &'a Value);
-    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
-        self.0.next().map(|e| (&e.key, &e.value))
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a> IntoIterator for &'a Dict {
-    type Item = (&'a Value, &'a Value);
-    type IntoIter = DictIter<'a>;
-    fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
-        DictIter(self.entries.iter())
-    }
-}
-
-/// Iterator over owned (key, value) pairs from a consumed dict.
-pub(crate) struct DictIntoIter(std::vec::IntoIter<DictEntry>);
-
-impl Iterator for DictIntoIter {
-    type Item = (Value, Value);
-
-    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
-        self.0.next().map(|e| (e.key, e.value))
-    }
-
-    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
-        self.0.size_hint()
-    }
-}
-
-impl ExactSizeIterator for DictIntoIter {}
-
-impl IntoIterator for Dict {
-    type Item = (Value, Value);
-    type IntoIter = DictIntoIter;
-    fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
-        DictIntoIter(self.entries.into_iter())
-    }
-}
-
-impl PyTrait for Dict {
-    fn py_type(&self, _heap: &Heap<impl ResourceTracker>) -> Type {
-        Type::Dict
-    }
-
-    fn py_estimate_size(&self) -> usize {
-        // Dict size: struct overhead + entries (2 Values per entry for key+value)
-        std::mem::size_of::<Self>() + self.len() * 2 * std::mem::size_of::<Value>()
-    }
-
-    fn py_len(&self, _vm: &VM<'_, '_, impl ResourceTracker>) -> Option<usize> {
-        Some(self.len())
-    }
-
-    fn py_eq(&self, other: &Self, vm: &mut VM<'_, '_, impl ResourceTracker>) -> Result<bool, ResourceError> {
-        if self.len() != other.len() {
-            return Ok(false);
-        }
-
-        let token = vm.heap.incr_recursion_depth()?;
-        defer_drop!(token, vm);
-        for entry in &self.entries {
-            vm.heap.check_time()?;
-            if let Ok(Some(other_v)) = other.get(&entry.key, vm) {
-                if !entry.value.py_eq(other_v, vm)? {
-                    return Ok(false);
-                }
-            } else {
-                return Ok(false);
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(true)
-    }
-
-    fn py_dec_ref_ids(&mut self, stack: &mut Vec<HeapId>) {
-        // Skip iteration if no refs - major GC optimization for dicts of primitives
-        if !self.contains_refs {
-            return;
-        }
-        for entry in &mut self.entries {
-            if let Value::Ref(id) = &entry.key {
-                stack.push(*id);
-                #[cfg(feature = "ref-count-panic")]
-                entry.key.dec_ref_forget();
-            }
-            if let Value::Ref(id) = &entry.value {
-                stack.push(*id);
-                #[cfg(feature = "ref-count-panic")]
-                entry.value.dec_ref_forget();
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn py_bool(&self, _vm: &VM<'_, '_, impl ResourceTracker>) -> bool {
-        !self.is_empty()
-    }
-
-    fn py_repr_fmt(
-        &self,
-        f: &mut impl Write,
-        vm: &VM<'_, '_, impl ResourceTracker>,
-        heap_ids: &mut AHashSet<HeapId>,
-    ) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        if self.is_empty() {
-            return f.write_str("{}");
-        }
-
-        let heap = &*vm.heap;
-        // Check depth limit before recursing
-        let Some(token) = heap.incr_recursion_depth_for_repr() else {
-            return f.write_str("{...}");
-        };
-        crate::defer_drop_immutable_heap!(token, heap);
-
-        f.write_char('{')?;
-        let mut first = true;
-        for entry in &self.entries {
-            if !first {
-                if heap.check_time().is_err() {
-                    f.write_str(", ...[timeout]")?;
-                    break;
-                }
-                f.write_str(", ")?;
-            }
-            first = false;
-            entry.key.py_repr_fmt(f, vm, heap_ids)?;
-            f.write_str(": ")?;
-            entry.value.py_repr_fmt(f, vm, heap_ids)?;
-        }
-        f.write_char('}')?;
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn py_getitem(&self, key: &Value, vm: &mut VM<'_, '_, impl ResourceTracker>) -> RunResult<Value> {
-        match self.get(key, vm)? {
-            Some(value) => Ok(value.clone_with_heap(vm)),
-            None => Err(ExcType::key_error(key, vm)),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn py_setitem(&mut self, key: Value, value: Value, vm: &mut VM<'_, '_, impl ResourceTracker>) -> RunResult<()> {
-        // Drop the old value if one was replaced
-        if let Some(old_value) = self.set(key, value, vm)? {
-            old_value.drop_with_heap(vm);
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn py_call_attr(
-        &mut self,
-        self_id: HeapId,
-        vm: &mut VM<'_, '_, impl ResourceTracker>,
-        attr: &EitherStr,
-        args: ArgValues,
-    ) -> RunResult<CallResult> {
-        let Some(method) = attr.static_string() else {
-            args.drop_with_heap(vm.heap);
-            return Err(ExcType::attribute_error(Type::Dict, attr.as_str(vm.interns)));
-        };
-
-        let value = match method {
-            StaticStrings::Get => {
-                // dict.get() accepts 1 or 2 arguments
-                let (key, default) = args.get_one_two_args("get", vm.heap)?;
-                defer_drop!(key, vm);
-                let default = default.unwrap_or(Value::None);
-                let mut default_guard = HeapGuard::new(default, vm);
-                let vm = default_guard.heap();
-                // Handle the lookup - may fail for unhashable keys
-                let value = match self.get(key, vm)? {
-                    Some(v) => v.clone_with_heap(vm),
-                    None => default_guard.into_inner(),
-                };
-                Ok(value)
-            }
-            StaticStrings::Keys => {
-                args.check_zero_args("dict.keys", vm.heap)?;
-                let view_id = vm.heap.allocate(HeapData::DictKeysView(DictKeysView::new(self_id)))?;
-                vm.heap.inc_ref(self_id);
-                Ok(Value::Ref(view_id))
-            }
-            StaticStrings::Values => {
-                args.check_zero_args("dict.values", vm.heap)?;
-                let view_id = vm
-                    .heap
-                    .allocate(HeapData::DictValuesView(DictValuesView::new(self_id)))?;
-                vm.heap.inc_ref(self_id);
-                Ok(Value::Ref(view_id))
-            }
-            StaticStrings::Items => {
-                args.check_zero_args("dict.items", vm.heap)?;
-                let view_id = vm.heap.allocate(HeapData::DictItemsView(DictItemsView::new(self_id)))?;
-                vm.heap.inc_ref(self_id);
-                Ok(Value::Ref(view_id))
-            }
-            StaticStrings::Pop => {
-                // dict.pop() accepts 1 or 2 arguments (key, optional default)
-                let (key, default) = args.get_one_two_args("pop", vm.heap)?;
-                defer_drop!(key, vm);
-                let mut default_guard = HeapGuard::new(default, vm);
-                let vm = default_guard.heap();
-                if let Some((old_key, value)) = self.pop(key, vm)? {
-                    // Drop the old key - we don't need it
-                    old_key.drop_with_heap(vm);
-                    Ok(value)
-                } else {
-                    let (default, vm) = default_guard.into_parts();
-                    // No matching key - return default if provided, else KeyError
-                    if let Some(d) = default {
-                        Ok(d)
-                    } else {
-                        Err(ExcType::key_error(key, vm))
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            StaticStrings::Clear => {
-                args.check_zero_args("dict.clear", vm.heap)?;
-                dict_clear(self, vm.heap);
-                Ok(Value::None)
-            }
-            StaticStrings::Copy => {
-                args.check_zero_args("dict.copy", vm.heap)?;
-                dict_copy(self, vm)
-            }
-            StaticStrings::Update => dict_update(self, args, vm),
-            StaticStrings::Setdefault => dict_setdefault(self, args, vm),
-            StaticStrings::Popitem => {
-                args.check_zero_args("dict.popitem", vm.heap)?;
-                dict_popitem(self, vm.heap)
-            }
-            // fromkeys is a classmethod but also accessible on instances
-            StaticStrings::Fromkeys => dict_fromkeys(args, vm),
-            _ => {
-                args.drop_with_heap(vm.heap);
-                return Err(ExcType::attribute_error(Type::Dict, attr.as_str(vm.interns)));
-            }
-        };
-        value.map(CallResult::Value)
-    }
-}
-
-impl DropWithHeap for Dict {
-    fn drop_with_heap<H: ContainsHeap>(self, heap: &mut H) {
-        self.entries.drop_with_heap(heap);
-    }
-}
-
-impl DropWithHeap for DictEntry {
-    fn drop_with_heap<H: ContainsHeap>(self, heap: &mut H) {
-        self.key.drop_with_heap(heap);
-        self.value.drop_with_heap(heap);
-    }
-}
-
-/// Implements Python's `dict.clear()` method.
-///
-/// Removes all items from the dict.
-fn dict_clear(dict: &mut Dict, heap: &mut Heap<impl ResourceTracker>) {
-    dict.entries.drain(..).drop_with_heap(heap);
-    dict.indices.clear();
-    // Note: contains_refs stays true even if all refs removed, per conservative GC strategy
-}
-
-/// Implements Python's `dict.copy()` method.
-///
-/// Returns a shallow copy of the dict.
-fn dict_copy(dict: &Dict, vm: &mut VM<'_, '_, impl ResourceTracker>) -> RunResult<Value> {
-    // Copy all key-value pairs (incrementing refcounts)
-    let pairs: Vec<(Value, Value)> = dict
-        .iter()
-        .map(|(k, v)| (k.clone_with_heap(vm), v.clone_with_heap(vm)))
-        .collect();
-
-    let new_dict = Dict::from_pairs(pairs, vm)?;
-    let heap_id = vm.heap.allocate(HeapData::Dict(new_dict))?;
-    Ok(Value::Ref(heap_id))
-}
-
-/// Implements Python's `dict.update([other], **kwargs)` method.
-///
-/// Updates the dict with key-value pairs from `other` and/or `kwargs`.
-/// If `other` is a dict, copies its key-value pairs.
-/// If `other` is an iterable, expects pairs of (key, value).
-/// Keyword arguments are also added to the dict.
-fn dict_update(dict: &mut Dict, args: ArgValues, vm: &mut VM<'_, '_, impl ResourceTracker>) -> RunResult<Value> {
-    let (pos_iter, kwargs) = args.into_parts();
-    defer_drop_mut!(pos_iter, vm);
-    let mut kwargs_guard = HeapGuard::new(kwargs, vm);
-
-    if let Some(other_value) = pos_iter.next() {
-        let other_value_guard = HeapGuard::new(other_value, kwargs_guard.heap());
-        if pos_iter.len() != 0 {
-            return Err(ExcType::type_error_at_most("dict.update", 1, pos_iter.len() + 1));
-        }
-        let other_value = other_value_guard.into_inner();
-        dict_merge_from_value(dict, other_value, kwargs_guard.heap())?;
-    }
-
-    let kwargs = kwargs_guard.into_inner();
-    dict_merge_from_kwargs(dict, kwargs, vm)?;
-    Ok(Value::None)
-}
-
-/// Merges key-value pairs from either a dict or an iterable of 2-item pairs.
-///
-/// This is shared between `dict()` construction and `dict.update()` so both
-/// entry points follow identical positional-source semantics.
-fn dict_merge_from_value(
-    dict: &mut Dict,
-    other_value: Value,
-    vm: &mut VM<'_, '_, impl ResourceTracker>,
-) -> RunResult<()> {
-    let mut other_value_guard = HeapGuard::new(other_value, vm);
-    {
-        let (other_value, vm) = other_value_guard.as_parts();
-        if let Value::Ref(id) = other_value
-            && let HeapData::Dict(src_dict) = vm.heap.get(*id)
-        {
-            // Clone key-value pairs from the source dict.
-            let pairs: Vec<(Value, Value)> = src_dict
-                .iter()
-                .map(|(k, v)| (k.clone_with_heap(vm.heap), v.clone_with_heap(vm.heap)))
-                .collect();
-
-            // Apply pairs into the target dict.
-            for (key, value) in pairs {
-                let old_value = dict.set(key, value, vm)?;
-                old_value.drop_with_heap(vm.heap);
-            }
-            return Ok(());
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Non-dict values are interpreted as iterable-of-pairs.
-    let other_value = other_value_guard.into_inner();
-    dict_merge_from_iterable_pairs(dict, other_value, vm)
-}
-
-/// Merges key-value pairs from an iterable of 2-item iterables.
-///
-/// Each item from `iterable` is treated as `(key, value)`. Items with length 0, 1,
-/// or greater than 2 raise the same TypeError messages used by `dict.update()`.
-fn dict_merge_from_iterable_pairs(
-    dict: &mut Dict,
-    iterable: Value,
-    vm: &mut VM<'_, '_, impl ResourceTracker>,
-) -> RunResult<()> {
-    let iter = MontyIter::new(iterable, vm)?;
-    defer_drop_mut!(iter, vm);
-
-    while let Some(item) = iter.for_next(vm)? {
-        // Each item should be a pair (iterable of 2 elements).
-        let pair_iter = MontyIter::new(item, vm)?;
-        defer_drop_mut!(pair_iter, vm);
-
-        let Some(key) = pair_iter.for_next(vm)? else {
-            return Err(ExcType::type_error(
-                "dictionary update sequence element has length 0; 2 is required",
-            ));
-        };
-        let mut key_guard = HeapGuard::new(key, vm);
-
-        let Some(value) = pair_iter.for_next(key_guard.heap())? else {
-            return Err(ExcType::type_error(
-                "dictionary update sequence element has length 1; 2 is required",
-            ));
-        };
-        let mut value_guard = HeapGuard::new(value, key_guard.heap());
-
-        if let Some(extra) = pair_iter.for_next(value_guard.heap())? {
-            extra.drop_with_heap(value_guard.heap());
-            return Err(ExcType::type_error(
-                "dictionary update sequence element has length > 2; 2 is required",
-            ));
-        }
-
-        let value = value_guard.into_inner();
-        let key = key_guard.into_inner();
-
-        if let Some(old_value) = dict.set(key, value, vm)? {
-            old_value.drop_with_heap(vm);
-        }
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-/// Merges keyword arguments into a dict.
-///
-/// This helper drains `kwargs` safely on error so all values are dropped
-/// correctly, then inserts each key-value pair into `dict`.
-fn dict_merge_from_kwargs(
-    dict: &mut Dict,
-    kwargs: KwargsValues,
-    vm: &mut VM<'_, '_, impl ResourceTracker>,
-) -> RunResult<()> {
-    let kwargs_iter = kwargs.into_iter();
-    defer_drop_mut!(kwargs_iter, vm);
-    for (key, value) in kwargs_iter {
-        let old_value = dict.set(key, value, vm)?;
-        old_value.drop_with_heap(vm);
-    }
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-/// Implements Python's `dict.setdefault(key[, default])` method.
-///
-/// If key is in the dict, return its value.
-/// If not, insert key with a value of default (or None) and return default.
-fn dict_setdefault(dict: &mut Dict, args: ArgValues, vm: &mut VM<'_, '_, impl ResourceTracker>) -> RunResult<Value> {
-    let (key, default) = args.get_one_two_args("setdefault", vm.heap)?;
-    let default = default.unwrap_or(Value::None);
-    let mut key_guard = HeapGuard::new(key, vm);
-    let (key, vm) = key_guard.as_parts();
-
-    if let Some(existing) = dict.get(key, vm)? {
-        // Key exists - return its value (cloned)
-        let value = existing.clone_with_heap(vm);
-        default.drop_with_heap(vm);
-        Ok(value)
-    } else {
-        // Key doesn't exist - insert default and return it (cloned before insertion)
-        let return_value = default.clone_with_heap(vm);
-        let (key, vm) = key_guard.into_parts();
-        if let Some(old_value) = dict.set(key, default, vm)? {
-            // This shouldn't happen since we checked, but handle it anyway
-            old_value.drop_with_heap(vm);
-        }
-        Ok(return_value)
-    }
-}
-
-/// Implements Python's `dict.popitem()` method.
-///
-/// Removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.
-/// Raises KeyError if the dict is empty.
-fn dict_popitem(dict: &mut Dict, heap: &mut Heap<impl ResourceTracker>) -> RunResult<Value> {
-    if dict.is_empty() {
-        return Err(ExcType::key_error_popitem_empty_dict());
-    }
-
-    // Remove the last entry (LIFO order)
-    let entry = dict.entries.pop().expect("dict is not empty");
-
-    // Remove from indices - need to find the entry with this index
-    // Since we removed the last entry, we need to clear and rebuild indices
-    // (This is simpler than trying to find and remove the specific hash entry)
-    // TODO: This O(n) rebuild could be optimized by finding and removing the
-    // specific hash entry directly from the hashbrown table.
-    dict.indices.clear();
-    for (idx, e) in dict.entries.iter().enumerate() {
-        dict.indices.insert_unique(e.hash, idx, |&i| dict.entries[i].hash);
-    }
-
-    // Create tuple (key, value)
-    Ok(allocate_tuple(smallvec![entry.key, entry.value], heap)?)
-}
-
-// Custom serde implementation for Dict.
-// Serializes entries and contains_refs; rebuilds the indices hash table on deserialize.
-impl serde::Serialize for Dict {
-    fn serialize<S: serde::Serializer>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> {
-        use serde::ser::SerializeStruct;
-        let mut state = serializer.serialize_struct("Dict", 2)?;
-        state.serialize_field("entries", &self.entries)?;
-        state.serialize_field("contains_refs", &self.contains_refs)?;
-        state.end()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'de> serde::Deserialize<'de> for Dict {
-    fn deserialize<D: serde::Deserializer<'de>>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error> {
-        #[derive(serde::Deserialize)]
-        struct DictFields {
-            entries: Vec<DictEntry>,
-            contains_refs: bool,
-        }
-        let fields = DictFields::deserialize(deserializer)?;
-        // Rebuild the indices hash table from the entries
-        let mut indices = HashTable::with_capacity(fields.entries.len());
-        for (idx, entry) in fields.entries.iter().enumerate() {
-            indices.insert_unique(entry.hash, idx, |&i| fields.entries[i].hash);
-        }
-        Ok(Self {
-            indices,
-            entries: fields.entries,
-            contains_refs: fields.contains_refs,
-        })
-    }
-}
-
-/// Implements Python's `dict.fromkeys(iterable[, value])` classmethod.
-///
-/// Creates a new dictionary with keys from `iterable` and all values set to `value`
-/// (default: None).
-///
-/// This is a classmethod that can be called directly on the dict type:
-/// ```python
-/// dict.fromkeys(['a', 'b', 'c'])  # {'a': None, 'b': None, 'c': None}
-/// dict.fromkeys(['a', 'b'], 0)    # {'a': 0, 'b': 0}
-/// ```
-pub fn dict_fromkeys(args: ArgValues, vm: &mut VM<'_, '_, impl ResourceTracker>) -> RunResult<Value> {
-    let (iterable, default) = args.get_one_two_args("dict.fromkeys", vm.heap)?;
-    let default = default.unwrap_or(Value::None);
-    defer_drop!(default, vm);
-
-    let iter = MontyIter::new(iterable, vm)?;
-    defer_drop_mut!(iter, vm);
-
-    let dict = Dict::new();
-    let mut dict_guard = HeapGuard::new(dict, vm);
-
-    {
-        let (dict, vm) = dict_guard.as_parts_mut();
-
-        while let Some(key) = iter.for_next(vm)? {
-            let old_value = dict.set(key, default.clone_with_heap(vm), vm)?;
-            old_value.drop_with_heap(vm);
-        }
-    }
-
-    let dict = dict_guard.into_inner();
-    let heap_id = vm.heap.allocate(HeapData::Dict(dict))?;
-    Ok(Value::Ref(heap_id))
-}