skill-library-mcp 1.0.0

package/skills/similarity-search-patterns/SKILL.md

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+---
+name: similarity-search-patterns
+description: Implement efficient similarity search with vector databases. Use when building semantic search, implementing nearest neighbor queries, or optimizing retrieval performance.
+---
+
+# Similarity Search Patterns
+
+Patterns for implementing efficient similarity search in production systems.
+
+## Use this skill when
+
+- Building semantic search systems
+- Implementing RAG retrieval
+- Creating recommendation engines
+- Optimizing search latency
+- Scaling to millions of vectors
+- Combining semantic and keyword search
+
+## Do not use this skill when
+
+- The task is unrelated to similarity search patterns
+- You need a different domain or tool outside this scope
+
+## Instructions
+
+- Clarify goals, constraints, and required inputs.
+- Apply relevant best practices and validate outcomes.
+- Provide actionable steps and verification.
+- If detailed examples are required, open `resources/implementation-playbook.md`.
+
+## Resources
+
+- `resources/implementation-playbook.md` for detailed patterns and examples.

package/skills/similarity-search-patterns/resources/implementation-playbook.md

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+# Similarity Search Patterns Implementation Playbook
+
+This file contains detailed patterns, checklists, and code samples referenced by the skill.
+
+# Similarity Search Patterns
+
+Patterns for implementing efficient similarity search in production systems.
+
+## When to Use This Skill
+
+- Building semantic search systems
+- Implementing RAG retrieval
+- Creating recommendation engines
+- Optimizing search latency
+- Scaling to millions of vectors
+- Combining semantic and keyword search
+
+## Core Concepts
+
+### 1. Distance Metrics
+
+| Metric | Formula | Best For |
+|--------|---------|----------|
+| **Cosine** | 1 - (A·B)/(‖A‖‖B‖) | Normalized embeddings |
+| **Euclidean (L2)** | √Σ(a-b)² | Raw embeddings |
+| **Dot Product** | A·B | Magnitude matters |
+| **Manhattan (L1)** | Σ|a-b| | Sparse vectors |
+
+### 2. Index Types
+
+```
+┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│                 Index Types                      │
+├─────────────┬───────────────┬───────────────────┤
+│    Flat     │     HNSW      │    IVF+PQ         │
+│ (Exact)     │ (Graph-based) │ (Quantized)       │
+├─────────────┼───────────────┼───────────────────┤
+│ O(n) search │ O(log n)      │ O(√n)             │
+│ 100% recall │ ~95-99%       │ ~90-95%           │
+│ Small data  │ Medium-Large  │ Very Large        │
+└─────────────┴───────────────┴───────────────────┘
+```
+
+## Templates
+
+### Template 1: Pinecone Implementation
+
+```python
+from pinecone import Pinecone, ServerlessSpec
+from typing import List, Dict, Optional
+import hashlib
+
+class PineconeVectorStore:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        api_key: str,
+        index_name: str,
+        dimension: int = 1536,
+        metric: str = "cosine"
+    ):
+        self.pc = Pinecone(api_key=api_key)
+
+        # Create index if not exists
+        if index_name not in self.pc.list_indexes().names():
+            self.pc.create_index(
+                name=index_name,
+                dimension=dimension,
+                metric=metric,
+                spec=ServerlessSpec(cloud="aws", region="us-east-1")
+            )
+
+        self.index = self.pc.Index(index_name)
+
+    def upsert(
+        self,
+        vectors: List[Dict],
+        namespace: str = ""
+    ) -> int:
+        """
+        Upsert vectors.
+        vectors: [{"id": str, "values": List[float], "metadata": dict}]
+        """
+        # Batch upsert
+        batch_size = 100
+        total = 0
+
+        for i in range(0, len(vectors), batch_size):
+            batch = vectors[i:i + batch_size]
+            self.index.upsert(vectors=batch, namespace=namespace)
+            total += len(batch)
+
+        return total
+
+    def search(
+        self,
+        query_vector: List[float],
+        top_k: int = 10,
+        namespace: str = "",
+        filter: Optional[Dict] = None,
+        include_metadata: bool = True
+    ) -> List[Dict]:
+        """Search for similar vectors."""
+        results = self.index.query(
+            vector=query_vector,
+            top_k=top_k,
+            namespace=namespace,
+            filter=filter,
+            include_metadata=include_metadata
+        )
+
+        return [
+            {
+                "id": match.id,
+                "score": match.score,
+                "metadata": match.metadata
+            }
+            for match in results.matches
+        ]
+
+    def search_with_rerank(
+        self,
+        query: str,
+        query_vector: List[float],
+        top_k: int = 10,
+        rerank_top_n: int = 50,
+        namespace: str = ""
+    ) -> List[Dict]:
+        """Search and rerank results."""
+        # Over-fetch for reranking
+        initial_results = self.search(
+            query_vector,
+            top_k=rerank_top_n,
+            namespace=namespace
+        )
+
+        # Rerank with cross-encoder or LLM
+        reranked = self._rerank(query, initial_results)
+
+        return reranked[:top_k]
+
+    def _rerank(self, query: str, results: List[Dict]) -> List[Dict]:
+        """Rerank results using cross-encoder."""
+        from sentence_transformers import CrossEncoder
+
+        model = CrossEncoder('cross-encoder/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-6-v2')
+
+        pairs = [(query, r["metadata"]["text"]) for r in results]
+        scores = model.predict(pairs)
+
+        for result, score in zip(results, scores):
+            result["rerank_score"] = float(score)
+
+        return sorted(results, key=lambda x: x["rerank_score"], reverse=True)
+
+    def delete(self, ids: List[str], namespace: str = ""):
+        """Delete vectors by ID."""
+        self.index.delete(ids=ids, namespace=namespace)
+
+    def delete_by_filter(self, filter: Dict, namespace: str = ""):
+        """Delete vectors matching filter."""
+        self.index.delete(filter=filter, namespace=namespace)
+```
+
+### Template 2: Qdrant Implementation
+
+```python
+from qdrant_client import QdrantClient
+from qdrant_client.http import models
+from typing import List, Dict, Optional
+
+class QdrantVectorStore:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        url: str = "localhost",
+        port: int = 6333,
+        collection_name: str = "documents",
+        vector_size: int = 1536
+    ):
+        self.client = QdrantClient(url=url, port=port)
+        self.collection_name = collection_name
+
+        # Create collection if not exists
+        collections = self.client.get_collections().collections
+        if collection_name not in [c.name for c in collections]:
+            self.client.create_collection(
+                collection_name=collection_name,
+                vectors_config=models.VectorParams(
+                    size=vector_size,
+                    distance=models.Distance.COSINE
+                ),
+                # Optional: enable quantization for memory efficiency
+                quantization_config=models.ScalarQuantization(
+                    scalar=models.ScalarQuantizationConfig(
+                        type=models.ScalarType.INT8,
+                        quantile=0.99,
+                        always_ram=True
+                    )
+                )
+            )
+
+    def upsert(self, points: List[Dict]) -> int:
+        """
+        Upsert points.
+        points: [{"id": str/int, "vector": List[float], "payload": dict}]
+        """
+        qdrant_points = [
+            models.PointStruct(
+                id=p["id"],
+                vector=p["vector"],
+                payload=p.get("payload", {})
+            )
+            for p in points
+        ]
+
+        self.client.upsert(
+            collection_name=self.collection_name,
+            points=qdrant_points
+        )
+        return len(points)
+
+    def search(
+        self,
+        query_vector: List[float],
+        limit: int = 10,
+        filter: Optional[models.Filter] = None,
+        score_threshold: Optional[float] = None
+    ) -> List[Dict]:
+        """Search for similar vectors."""
+        results = self.client.search(
+            collection_name=self.collection_name,
+            query_vector=query_vector,
+            limit=limit,
+            query_filter=filter,
+            score_threshold=score_threshold
+        )
+
+        return [
+            {
+                "id": r.id,
+                "score": r.score,
+                "payload": r.payload
+            }
+            for r in results
+        ]
+
+    def search_with_filter(
+        self,
+        query_vector: List[float],
+        must_conditions: List[Dict] = None,
+        should_conditions: List[Dict] = None,
+        must_not_conditions: List[Dict] = None,
+        limit: int = 10
+    ) -> List[Dict]:
+        """Search with complex filters."""
+        conditions = []
+
+        if must_conditions:
+            conditions.extend([
+                models.FieldCondition(
+                    key=c["key"],
+                    match=models.MatchValue(value=c["value"])
+                )
+                for c in must_conditions
+            ])
+
+        filter = models.Filter(must=conditions) if conditions else None
+
+        return self.search(query_vector, limit=limit, filter=filter)
+
+    def search_with_sparse(
+        self,
+        dense_vector: List[float],
+        sparse_vector: Dict[int, float],
+        limit: int = 10,
+        dense_weight: float = 0.7
+    ) -> List[Dict]:
+        """Hybrid search with dense and sparse vectors."""
+        # Requires collection with named vectors
+        results = self.client.search(
+            collection_name=self.collection_name,
+            query_vector=models.NamedVector(
+                name="dense",
+                vector=dense_vector
+            ),
+            limit=limit
+        )
+        return [{"id": r.id, "score": r.score, "payload": r.payload} for r in results]
+```
+
+### Template 3: pgvector with PostgreSQL
+
+```python
+import asyncpg
+from typing import List, Dict, Optional
+import numpy as np
+
+class PgVectorStore:
+    def __init__(self, connection_string: str):
+        self.connection_string = connection_string
+
+    async def init(self):
+        """Initialize connection pool and extension."""
+        self.pool = await asyncpg.create_pool(self.connection_string)
+
+        async with self.pool.acquire() as conn:
+            # Enable extension
+            await conn.execute("CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS vector")
+
+            # Create table
+            await conn.execute("""
+                CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS documents (
+                    id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+                    content TEXT,
+                    metadata JSONB,
+                    embedding vector(1536)
+                )
+            """)
+
+            # Create index (HNSW for better performance)
+            await conn.execute("""
+                CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS documents_embedding_idx
+                ON documents
+                USING hnsw (embedding vector_cosine_ops)
+                WITH (m = 16, ef_construction = 64)
+            """)
+
+    async def upsert(self, documents: List[Dict]):
+        """Upsert documents with embeddings."""
+        async with self.pool.acquire() as conn:
+            await conn.executemany(
+                """
+                INSERT INTO documents (id, content, metadata, embedding)
+                VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4)
+                ON CONFLICT (id) DO UPDATE SET
+                    content = EXCLUDED.content,
+                    metadata = EXCLUDED.metadata,
+                    embedding = EXCLUDED.embedding
+                """,
+                [
+                    (
+                        doc["id"],
+                        doc["content"],
+                        doc.get("metadata", {}),
+                        np.array(doc["embedding"]).tolist()
+                    )
+                    for doc in documents
+                ]
+            )
+
+    async def search(
+        self,
+        query_embedding: List[float],
+        limit: int = 10,
+        filter_metadata: Optional[Dict] = None
+    ) -> List[Dict]:
+        """Search for similar documents."""
+        query = """
+            SELECT id, content, metadata,
+                   1 - (embedding <=> $1::vector) as similarity
+            FROM documents
+        """
+
+        params = [query_embedding]
+
+        if filter_metadata:
+            conditions = []
+            for key, value in filter_metadata.items():
+                params.append(value)
+                conditions.append(f"metadata->>'{key}' = ${len(params)}")
+            query += " WHERE " + " AND ".join(conditions)
+
+        query += f" ORDER BY embedding <=> $1::vector LIMIT ${len(params) + 1}"
+        params.append(limit)
+
+        async with self.pool.acquire() as conn:
+            rows = await conn.fetch(query, *params)
+
+        return [
+            {
+                "id": row["id"],
+                "content": row["content"],
+                "metadata": row["metadata"],
+                "score": row["similarity"]
+            }
+            for row in rows
+        ]
+
+    async def hybrid_search(
+        self,
+        query_embedding: List[float],
+        query_text: str,
+        limit: int = 10,
+        vector_weight: float = 0.5
+    ) -> List[Dict]:
+        """Hybrid search combining vector and full-text."""
+        async with self.pool.acquire() as conn:
+            rows = await conn.fetch(
+                """
+                WITH vector_results AS (
+                    SELECT id, content, metadata,
+                           1 - (embedding <=> $1::vector) as vector_score
+                    FROM documents
+                    ORDER BY embedding <=> $1::vector
+                    LIMIT $3 * 2
+                ),
+                text_results AS (
+                    SELECT id, content, metadata,
+                           ts_rank(to_tsvector('english', content),
+                                   plainto_tsquery('english', $2)) as text_score
+                    FROM documents
+                    WHERE to_tsvector('english', content) @@ plainto_tsquery('english', $2)
+                    LIMIT $3 * 2
+                )
+                SELECT
+                    COALESCE(v.id, t.id) as id,
+                    COALESCE(v.content, t.content) as content,
+                    COALESCE(v.metadata, t.metadata) as metadata,
+                    COALESCE(v.vector_score, 0) * $4 +
+                    COALESCE(t.text_score, 0) * (1 - $4) as combined_score
+                FROM vector_results v
+                FULL OUTER JOIN text_results t ON v.id = t.id
+                ORDER BY combined_score DESC
+                LIMIT $3
+                """,
+                query_embedding, query_text, limit, vector_weight
+            )
+
+        return [dict(row) for row in rows]
+```
+
+### Template 4: Weaviate Implementation
+
+```python
+import weaviate
+from weaviate.util import generate_uuid5
+from typing import List, Dict, Optional
+
+class WeaviateVectorStore:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        url: str = "http://localhost:8080",
+        class_name: str = "Document"
+    ):
+        self.client = weaviate.Client(url=url)
+        self.class_name = class_name
+        self._ensure_schema()
+
+    def _ensure_schema(self):
+        """Create schema if not exists."""
+        schema = {
+            "class": self.class_name,
+            "vectorizer": "none",  # We provide vectors
+            "properties": [
+                {"name": "content", "dataType": ["text"]},
+                {"name": "source", "dataType": ["string"]},
+                {"name": "chunk_id", "dataType": ["int"]}
+            ]
+        }
+
+        if not self.client.schema.exists(self.class_name):
+            self.client.schema.create_class(schema)
+
+    def upsert(self, documents: List[Dict]):
+        """Batch upsert documents."""
+        with self.client.batch as batch:
+            batch.batch_size = 100
+
+            for doc in documents:
+                batch.add_data_object(
+                    data_object={
+                        "content": doc["content"],
+                        "source": doc.get("source", ""),
+                        "chunk_id": doc.get("chunk_id", 0)
+                    },
+                    class_name=self.class_name,
+                    uuid=generate_uuid5(doc["id"]),
+                    vector=doc["embedding"]
+                )
+
+    def search(
+        self,
+        query_vector: List[float],
+        limit: int = 10,
+        where_filter: Optional[Dict] = None
+    ) -> List[Dict]:
+        """Vector search."""
+        query = (
+            self.client.query
+            .get(self.class_name, ["content", "source", "chunk_id"])
+            .with_near_vector({"vector": query_vector})
+            .with_limit(limit)
+            .with_additional(["distance", "id"])
+        )
+
+        if where_filter:
+            query = query.with_where(where_filter)
+
+        results = query.do()
+
+        return [
+            {
+                "id": item["_additional"]["id"],
+                "content": item["content"],
+                "source": item["source"],
+                "score": 1 - item["_additional"]["distance"]
+            }
+            for item in results["data"]["Get"][self.class_name]
+        ]
+
+    def hybrid_search(
+        self,
+        query: str,
+        query_vector: List[float],
+        limit: int = 10,
+        alpha: float = 0.5  # 0 = keyword, 1 = vector
+    ) -> List[Dict]:
+        """Hybrid search combining BM25 and vector."""
+        results = (
+            self.client.query
+            .get(self.class_name, ["content", "source"])
+            .with_hybrid(query=query, vector=query_vector, alpha=alpha)
+            .with_limit(limit)
+            .with_additional(["score"])
+            .do()
+        )
+
+        return [
+            {
+                "content": item["content"],
+                "source": item["source"],
+                "score": item["_additional"]["score"]
+            }
+            for item in results["data"]["Get"][self.class_name]
+        ]
+```
+
+## Best Practices
+
+### Do's
+- **Use appropriate index** - HNSW for most cases
+- **Tune parameters** - ef_search, nprobe for recall/speed
+- **Implement hybrid search** - Combine with keyword search
+- **Monitor recall** - Measure search quality
+- **Pre-filter when possible** - Reduce search space
+
+### Don'ts
+- **Don't skip evaluation** - Measure before optimizing
+- **Don't over-index** - Start with flat, scale up
+- **Don't ignore latency** - P99 matters for UX
+- **Don't forget costs** - Vector storage adds up
+
+## Resources
+
+- [Pinecone Docs](https://docs.pinecone.io/)
+- [Qdrant Docs](https://qdrant.tech/documentation/)
+- [pgvector](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector)
+- [Weaviate Docs](https://weaviate.io/developers/weaviate)