rn-leveldb 3.11.0

package/cpp/leveldb/util/env_posix_test.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,353 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors.
+
+#include <sys/resource.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "leveldb/env.h"
+#include "port/port.h"
+#include "util/env_posix_test_helper.h"
+#include "util/testutil.h"
+
+#if HAVE_O_CLOEXEC
+
+namespace {
+
+// Exit codes for the helper process spawned by TestCloseOnExec* tests.
+// Useful for debugging test failures.
+constexpr int kTextCloseOnExecHelperExecFailedCode = 61;
+constexpr int kTextCloseOnExecHelperDup2FailedCode = 62;
+constexpr int kTextCloseOnExecHelperFoundOpenFdCode = 63;
+
+// Global set by main() and read in TestCloseOnExec.
+//
+// The argv[0] value is stored in a std::vector instead of a std::string because
+// std::string does not return a mutable pointer to its buffer until C++17.
+//
+// The vector stores the string pointed to by argv[0], plus the trailing null.
+std::vector<char>* GetArgvZero() {
+  static std::vector<char> program_name;
+  return &program_name;
+}
+
+// Command-line switch used to run this test as the CloseOnExecSwitch helper.
+static const char kTestCloseOnExecSwitch[] = "--test-close-on-exec-helper";
+
+// Executed in a separate process by TestCloseOnExec* tests.
+//
+// main() delegates to this function when the test executable is launched with
+// a special command-line switch. TestCloseOnExec* tests fork()+exec() the test
+// executable and pass the special command-line switch.
+//
+
+// main() delegates to this function when the test executable is launched with
+// a special command-line switch. TestCloseOnExec* tests fork()+exec() the test
+// executable and pass the special command-line switch.
+//
+// When main() delegates to this function, the process probes whether a given
+// file descriptor is open, and communicates the result via its exit code.
+int TestCloseOnExecHelperMain(char* pid_arg) {
+  int fd = std::atoi(pid_arg);
+  // When given the same file descriptor twice, dup2() returns -1 if the
+  // file descriptor is closed, or the given file descriptor if it is open.
+  if (::dup2(fd, fd) == fd) {
+    std::fprintf(stderr, "Unexpected open fd %d\n", fd);
+    return kTextCloseOnExecHelperFoundOpenFdCode;
+  }
+  // Double-check that dup2() is saying the file descriptor is closed.
+  if (errno != EBADF) {
+    std::fprintf(stderr, "Unexpected errno after calling dup2 on fd %d: %s\n",
+                 fd, std::strerror(errno));
+    return kTextCloseOnExecHelperDup2FailedCode;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// File descriptors are small non-negative integers.
+//
+// Returns void so the implementation can use ASSERT_EQ.
+void GetMaxFileDescriptor(int* result_fd) {
+  // Get the maximum file descriptor number.
+  ::rlimit fd_rlimit;
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, ::getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &fd_rlimit));
+  *result_fd = fd_rlimit.rlim_cur;
+}
+
+// Iterates through all possible FDs and returns the currently open ones.
+//
+// Returns void so the implementation can use ASSERT_EQ.
+void GetOpenFileDescriptors(std::unordered_set<int>* open_fds) {
+  int max_fd = 0;
+  GetMaxFileDescriptor(&max_fd);
+
+  for (int fd = 0; fd < max_fd; ++fd) {
+    if (::dup2(fd, fd) != fd) {
+      // When given the same file descriptor twice, dup2() returns -1 if the
+      // file descriptor is closed, or the given file descriptor if it is open.
+      //
+      // Double-check that dup2() is saying the fd is closed.
+      ASSERT_EQ(EBADF, errno)
+          << "dup2() should set errno to EBADF on closed file descriptors";
+      continue;
+    }
+    open_fds->insert(fd);
+  }
+}
+
+// Finds an FD open since a previous call to GetOpenFileDescriptors().
+//
+// |baseline_open_fds| is the result of a previous GetOpenFileDescriptors()
+// call. Assumes that exactly one FD was opened since that call.
+//
+// Returns void so the implementation can use ASSERT_EQ.
+void GetNewlyOpenedFileDescriptor(
+    const std::unordered_set<int>& baseline_open_fds, int* result_fd) {
+  std::unordered_set<int> open_fds;
+  GetOpenFileDescriptors(&open_fds);
+  for (int fd : baseline_open_fds) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, open_fds.count(fd))
+        << "Previously opened file descriptor was closed during test setup";
+    open_fds.erase(fd);
+  }
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, open_fds.size())
+      << "Expected exactly one newly opened file descriptor during test setup";
+  *result_fd = *open_fds.begin();
+}
+
+// Check that a fork()+exec()-ed child process does not have an extra open FD.
+void CheckCloseOnExecDoesNotLeakFDs(
+    const std::unordered_set<int>& baseline_open_fds) {
+  // Prepare the argument list for the child process.
+  // execv() wants mutable buffers.
+  char switch_buffer[sizeof(kTestCloseOnExecSwitch)];
+  std::memcpy(switch_buffer, kTestCloseOnExecSwitch,
+              sizeof(kTestCloseOnExecSwitch));
+
+  int probed_fd;
+  GetNewlyOpenedFileDescriptor(baseline_open_fds, &probed_fd);
+  std::string fd_string = std::to_string(probed_fd);
+  std::vector<char> fd_buffer(fd_string.begin(), fd_string.end());
+  fd_buffer.emplace_back('\0');
+
+  // The helper process is launched with the command below.
+  //      env_posix_tests --test-close-on-exec-helper 3
+  char* child_argv[] = {GetArgvZero()->data(), switch_buffer, fd_buffer.data(),
+                        nullptr};
+
+  constexpr int kForkInChildProcessReturnValue = 0;
+  int child_pid = fork();
+  if (child_pid == kForkInChildProcessReturnValue) {
+    ::execv(child_argv[0], child_argv);
+    std::fprintf(stderr, "Error spawning child process: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+    std::exit(kTextCloseOnExecHelperExecFailedCode);
+  }
+
+  int child_status = 0;
+  ASSERT_EQ(child_pid, ::waitpid(child_pid, &child_status, 0));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(WIFEXITED(child_status))
+      << "The helper process did not exit with an exit code";
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, WEXITSTATUS(child_status))
+      << "The helper process encountered an error";
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+#endif  // HAVE_O_CLOEXEC
+
+namespace leveldb {
+
+static const int kReadOnlyFileLimit = 4;
+static const int kMMapLimit = 4;
+
+class EnvPosixTest : public testing::Test {
+ public:
+  static void SetFileLimits(int read_only_file_limit, int mmap_limit) {
+    EnvPosixTestHelper::SetReadOnlyFDLimit(read_only_file_limit);
+    EnvPosixTestHelper::SetReadOnlyMMapLimit(mmap_limit);
+  }
+
+  EnvPosixTest() : env_(Env::Default()) {}
+
+  Env* env_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(EnvPosixTest, TestOpenOnRead) {
+  // Write some test data to a single file that will be opened |n| times.
+  std::string test_dir;
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(env_->GetTestDirectory(&test_dir));
+  std::string test_file = test_dir + "/open_on_read.txt";
+
+  FILE* f = std::fopen(test_file.c_str(), "we");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(f != nullptr);
+  const char kFileData[] = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
+  fputs(kFileData, f);
+  std::fclose(f);
+
+  // Open test file some number above the sum of the two limits to force
+  // open-on-read behavior of POSIX Env leveldb::RandomAccessFile.
+  const int kNumFiles = kReadOnlyFileLimit + kMMapLimit + 5;
+  leveldb::RandomAccessFile* files[kNumFiles] = {0};
+  for (int i = 0; i < kNumFiles; i++) {
+    ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(env_->NewRandomAccessFile(test_file, &files[i]));
+  }
+  char scratch;
+  Slice read_result;
+  for (int i = 0; i < kNumFiles; i++) {
+    ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(files[i]->Read(i, 1, &read_result, &scratch));
+    ASSERT_EQ(kFileData[i], read_result[0]);
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < kNumFiles; i++) {
+    delete files[i];
+  }
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(env_->RemoveFile(test_file));
+}
+
+#if HAVE_O_CLOEXEC
+
+TEST_F(EnvPosixTest, TestCloseOnExecSequentialFile) {
+  std::unordered_set<int> open_fds;
+  GetOpenFileDescriptors(&open_fds);
+
+  std::string test_dir;
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(env_->GetTestDirectory(&test_dir));
+  std::string file_path = test_dir + "/close_on_exec_sequential.txt";
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(WriteStringToFile(env_, "0123456789", file_path));
+
+  leveldb::SequentialFile* file = nullptr;
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(env_->NewSequentialFile(file_path, &file));
+  CheckCloseOnExecDoesNotLeakFDs(open_fds);
+  delete file;
+
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(env_->RemoveFile(file_path));
+}
+
+TEST_F(EnvPosixTest, TestCloseOnExecRandomAccessFile) {
+  std::unordered_set<int> open_fds;
+  GetOpenFileDescriptors(&open_fds);
+
+  std::string test_dir;
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(env_->GetTestDirectory(&test_dir));
+  std::string file_path = test_dir + "/close_on_exec_random_access.txt";
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(WriteStringToFile(env_, "0123456789", file_path));
+
+  // Exhaust the RandomAccessFile mmap limit. This way, the test
+  // RandomAccessFile instance below is backed by a file descriptor, not by an
+  // mmap region.
+  leveldb::RandomAccessFile* mmapped_files[kReadOnlyFileLimit] = {nullptr};
+  for (int i = 0; i < kReadOnlyFileLimit; i++) {
+    ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(env_->NewRandomAccessFile(file_path, &mmapped_files[i]));
+  }
+
+  leveldb::RandomAccessFile* file = nullptr;
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(env_->NewRandomAccessFile(file_path, &file));
+  CheckCloseOnExecDoesNotLeakFDs(open_fds);
+  delete file;
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < kReadOnlyFileLimit; i++) {
+    delete mmapped_files[i];
+  }
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(env_->RemoveFile(file_path));
+}
+
+TEST_F(EnvPosixTest, TestCloseOnExecWritableFile) {
+  std::unordered_set<int> open_fds;
+  GetOpenFileDescriptors(&open_fds);
+
+  std::string test_dir;
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(env_->GetTestDirectory(&test_dir));
+  std::string file_path = test_dir + "/close_on_exec_writable.txt";
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(WriteStringToFile(env_, "0123456789", file_path));
+
+  leveldb::WritableFile* file = nullptr;
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(env_->NewWritableFile(file_path, &file));
+  CheckCloseOnExecDoesNotLeakFDs(open_fds);
+  delete file;
+
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(env_->RemoveFile(file_path));
+}
+
+TEST_F(EnvPosixTest, TestCloseOnExecAppendableFile) {
+  std::unordered_set<int> open_fds;
+  GetOpenFileDescriptors(&open_fds);
+
+  std::string test_dir;
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(env_->GetTestDirectory(&test_dir));
+  std::string file_path = test_dir + "/close_on_exec_appendable.txt";
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(WriteStringToFile(env_, "0123456789", file_path));
+
+  leveldb::WritableFile* file = nullptr;
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(env_->NewAppendableFile(file_path, &file));
+  CheckCloseOnExecDoesNotLeakFDs(open_fds);
+  delete file;
+
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(env_->RemoveFile(file_path));
+}
+
+TEST_F(EnvPosixTest, TestCloseOnExecLockFile) {
+  std::unordered_set<int> open_fds;
+  GetOpenFileDescriptors(&open_fds);
+
+  std::string test_dir;
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(env_->GetTestDirectory(&test_dir));
+  std::string file_path = test_dir + "/close_on_exec_lock.txt";
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(WriteStringToFile(env_, "0123456789", file_path));
+
+  leveldb::FileLock* lock = nullptr;
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(env_->LockFile(file_path, &lock));
+  CheckCloseOnExecDoesNotLeakFDs(open_fds);
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(env_->UnlockFile(lock));
+
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(env_->RemoveFile(file_path));
+}
+
+TEST_F(EnvPosixTest, TestCloseOnExecLogger) {
+  std::unordered_set<int> open_fds;
+  GetOpenFileDescriptors(&open_fds);
+
+  std::string test_dir;
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(env_->GetTestDirectory(&test_dir));
+  std::string file_path = test_dir + "/close_on_exec_logger.txt";
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(WriteStringToFile(env_, "0123456789", file_path));
+
+  leveldb::Logger* file = nullptr;
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(env_->NewLogger(file_path, &file));
+  CheckCloseOnExecDoesNotLeakFDs(open_fds);
+  delete file;
+
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(env_->RemoveFile(file_path));
+}
+
+#endif  // HAVE_O_CLOEXEC
+
+}  // namespace leveldb
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+#if HAVE_O_CLOEXEC
+  // Check if we're invoked as a helper program, or as the test suite.
+  for (int i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
+    if (!std::strcmp(argv[i], kTestCloseOnExecSwitch)) {
+      return TestCloseOnExecHelperMain(argv[i + 1]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Save argv[0] early, because googletest may modify argv.
+  GetArgvZero()->assign(argv[0], argv[0] + std::strlen(argv[0]) + 1);
+#endif  // HAVE_O_CLOEXEC
+
+  // All tests currently run with the same read-only file limits.
+  leveldb::EnvPosixTest::SetFileLimits(leveldb::kReadOnlyFileLimit,
+                                       leveldb::kMMapLimit);
+
+  testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}

package/cpp/leveldb/util/env_posix_test_helper.h

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// Copyright 2017 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors.
+
+#ifndef STORAGE_LEVELDB_UTIL_ENV_POSIX_TEST_HELPER_H_
+#define STORAGE_LEVELDB_UTIL_ENV_POSIX_TEST_HELPER_H_
+
+namespace leveldb {
+
+class EnvPosixTest;
+
+// A helper for the POSIX Env to facilitate testing.
+class EnvPosixTestHelper {
+ private:
+  friend class EnvPosixTest;
+
+  // Set the maximum number of read-only files that will be opened.
+  // Must be called before creating an Env.
+  static void SetReadOnlyFDLimit(int limit);
+
+  // Set the maximum number of read-only files that will be mapped via mmap.
+  // Must be called before creating an Env.
+  static void SetReadOnlyMMapLimit(int limit);
+};
+
+}  // namespace leveldb
+
+#endif  // STORAGE_LEVELDB_UTIL_ENV_POSIX_TEST_HELPER_H_

package/cpp/leveldb/util/env_test.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors.
+
+#include "leveldb/env.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "port/port.h"
+#include "port/thread_annotations.h"
+#include "util/mutexlock.h"
+#include "util/testutil.h"
+
+namespace leveldb {
+
+static const int kDelayMicros = 100000;
+
+class EnvTest : public testing::Test {
+ public:
+  EnvTest() : env_(Env::Default()) {}
+
+  Env* env_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(EnvTest, ReadWrite) {
+  Random rnd(test::RandomSeed());
+
+  // Get file to use for testing.
+  std::string test_dir;
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(env_->GetTestDirectory(&test_dir));
+  std::string test_file_name = test_dir + "/open_on_read.txt";
+  WritableFile* writable_file;
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(env_->NewWritableFile(test_file_name, &writable_file));
+
+  // Fill a file with data generated via a sequence of randomly sized writes.
+  static const size_t kDataSize = 10 * 1048576;
+  std::string data;
+  while (data.size() < kDataSize) {
+    int len = rnd.Skewed(18);  // Up to 2^18 - 1, but typically much smaller
+    std::string r;
+    test::RandomString(&rnd, len, &r);
+    ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(writable_file->Append(r));
+    data += r;
+    if (rnd.OneIn(10)) {
+      ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(writable_file->Flush());
+    }
+  }
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(writable_file->Sync());
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(writable_file->Close());
+  delete writable_file;
+
+  // Read all data using a sequence of randomly sized reads.
+  SequentialFile* sequential_file;
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(env_->NewSequentialFile(test_file_name, &sequential_file));
+  std::string read_result;
+  std::string scratch;
+  while (read_result.size() < data.size()) {
+    int len = std::min<int>(rnd.Skewed(18), data.size() - read_result.size());
+    scratch.resize(std::max(len, 1));  // at least 1 so &scratch[0] is legal
+    Slice read;
+    ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(sequential_file->Read(len, &read, &scratch[0]));
+    if (len > 0) {
+      ASSERT_GT(read.size(), 0);
+    }
+    ASSERT_LE(read.size(), len);
+    read_result.append(read.data(), read.size());
+  }
+  ASSERT_EQ(read_result, data);
+  delete sequential_file;
+}
+
+TEST_F(EnvTest, RunImmediately) {
+  struct RunState {
+    port::Mutex mu;
+    port::CondVar cvar{&mu};
+    bool called = false;
+
+    static void Run(void* arg) {
+      RunState* state = reinterpret_cast<RunState*>(arg);
+      MutexLock l(&state->mu);
+      ASSERT_EQ(state->called, false);
+      state->called = true;
+      state->cvar.Signal();
+    }
+  };
+
+  RunState state;
+  env_->Schedule(&RunState::Run, &state);
+
+  MutexLock l(&state.mu);
+  while (!state.called) {
+    state.cvar.Wait();
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(EnvTest, RunMany) {
+  struct RunState {
+    port::Mutex mu;
+    port::CondVar cvar{&mu};
+    int last_id = 0;
+  };
+
+  struct Callback {
+    RunState* state_;  // Pointer to shared state.
+    const int id_;  // Order# for the execution of this callback.
+
+    Callback(RunState* s, int id) : state_(s), id_(id) {}
+
+    static void Run(void* arg) {
+      Callback* callback = reinterpret_cast<Callback*>(arg);
+      RunState* state = callback->state_;
+
+      MutexLock l(&state->mu);
+      ASSERT_EQ(state->last_id, callback->id_ - 1);
+      state->last_id = callback->id_;
+      state->cvar.Signal();
+    }
+  };
+
+  RunState state;
+  Callback callback1(&state, 1);
+  Callback callback2(&state, 2);
+  Callback callback3(&state, 3);
+  Callback callback4(&state, 4);
+  env_->Schedule(&Callback::Run, &callback1);
+  env_->Schedule(&Callback::Run, &callback2);
+  env_->Schedule(&Callback::Run, &callback3);
+  env_->Schedule(&Callback::Run, &callback4);
+
+  MutexLock l(&state.mu);
+  while (state.last_id != 4) {
+    state.cvar.Wait();
+  }
+}
+
+struct State {
+  port::Mutex mu;
+  port::CondVar cvar{&mu};
+
+  int val GUARDED_BY(mu);
+  int num_running GUARDED_BY(mu);
+
+  State(int val, int num_running) : val(val), num_running(num_running) {}
+};
+
+static void ThreadBody(void* arg) {
+  State* s = reinterpret_cast<State*>(arg);
+  s->mu.Lock();
+  s->val += 1;
+  s->num_running -= 1;
+  s->cvar.Signal();
+  s->mu.Unlock();
+}
+
+TEST_F(EnvTest, StartThread) {
+  State state(0, 3);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+    env_->StartThread(&ThreadBody, &state);
+  }
+
+  MutexLock l(&state.mu);
+  while (state.num_running != 0) {
+    state.cvar.Wait();
+  }
+  ASSERT_EQ(state.val, 3);
+}
+
+TEST_F(EnvTest, TestOpenNonExistentFile) {
+  // Write some test data to a single file that will be opened |n| times.
+  std::string test_dir;
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(env_->GetTestDirectory(&test_dir));
+
+  std::string non_existent_file = test_dir + "/non_existent_file";
+  ASSERT_TRUE(!env_->FileExists(non_existent_file));
+
+  RandomAccessFile* random_access_file;
+  Status status =
+      env_->NewRandomAccessFile(non_existent_file, &random_access_file);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(status.IsNotFound());
+
+  SequentialFile* sequential_file;
+  status = env_->NewSequentialFile(non_existent_file, &sequential_file);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(status.IsNotFound());
+}
+
+TEST_F(EnvTest, ReopenWritableFile) {
+  std::string test_dir;
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(env_->GetTestDirectory(&test_dir));
+  std::string test_file_name = test_dir + "/reopen_writable_file.txt";
+  env_->RemoveFile(test_file_name);
+
+  WritableFile* writable_file;
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(env_->NewWritableFile(test_file_name, &writable_file));
+  std::string data("hello world!");
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(writable_file->Append(data));
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(writable_file->Close());
+  delete writable_file;
+
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(env_->NewWritableFile(test_file_name, &writable_file));
+  data = "42";
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(writable_file->Append(data));
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(writable_file->Close());
+  delete writable_file;
+
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(ReadFileToString(env_, test_file_name, &data));
+  ASSERT_EQ(std::string("42"), data);
+  env_->RemoveFile(test_file_name);
+}
+
+TEST_F(EnvTest, ReopenAppendableFile) {
+  std::string test_dir;
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(env_->GetTestDirectory(&test_dir));
+  std::string test_file_name = test_dir + "/reopen_appendable_file.txt";
+  env_->RemoveFile(test_file_name);
+
+  WritableFile* appendable_file;
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(env_->NewAppendableFile(test_file_name, &appendable_file));
+  std::string data("hello world!");
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(appendable_file->Append(data));
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(appendable_file->Close());
+  delete appendable_file;
+
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(env_->NewAppendableFile(test_file_name, &appendable_file));
+  data = "42";
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(appendable_file->Append(data));
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(appendable_file->Close());
+  delete appendable_file;
+
+  ASSERT_LEVELDB_OK(ReadFileToString(env_, test_file_name, &data));
+  ASSERT_EQ(std::string("hello world!42"), data);
+  env_->RemoveFile(test_file_name);
+}
+
+}  // namespace leveldb
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}