opencode-skills-collection 4.0.68 → 4.0.70

package/bundled-skills/waf-setup/SKILL.md

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+---
+name: waf-setup
+description: Deploy and tune Web Application Firewalls. Configure rules for OWASP
+  Top 10 protection. Use when protecting web applications from common attacks.
+category: security
+risk: critical
+source: https://github.com/BagelHole/DevOps-Security-Agent-Skills
+source_repo: BagelHole/DevOps-Security-Agent-Skills
+source_type: community
+date_added: '2026-09-20'
+license: MIT
+license_source: https://github.com/BagelHole/DevOps-Security-Agent-Skills/blob/main/LICENSE
+compatibility: Requires the relevant security tooling (scanners, vault CLIs) and an
+  authorized scope for any active assessment. Docs-only; helper scripts and templates
+  not bundled.
+metadata:
+  author: devops-skills
+  version: '1.0'
+---
+
+# WAF Setup
+
+Protect web applications with Web Application Firewalls.
+
+## Prerequisites
+
+- Web application behind a load balancer or reverse proxy
+- AWS account for AWS WAF, or Cloudflare account for Cloudflare WAF
+- Nginx with ModSecurity module compiled for self-hosted WAF
+- Access to application logs to tune rules and identify false positives
+- Understanding of HTTP request/response structure
+
+## AWS WAF
+
+### Create Web ACL with Managed Rules
+
+```bash
+# Create Web ACL with AWS managed rules
+aws wafv2 create-web-acl \
+  --name production-waf \
+  --scope REGIONAL \
+  --default-action Allow={} \
+  --visibility-config SampledRequestsEnabled=true,CloudWatchMetricsEnabled=true,MetricName=production-waf \
+  --rules file://waf-rules.json
+```
+
+### AWS WAF Rules Configuration
+
+```json
+[
+  {
+    "Name": "AWSManagedRulesCommonRuleSet",
+    "Priority": 1,
+    "Statement": {
+      "ManagedRuleGroupStatement": {
+        "VendorName": "AWS",
+        "Name": "AWSManagedRulesCommonRuleSet",
+        "ExcludedRules": []
+      }
+    },
+    "OverrideAction": { "None": {} },
+    "VisibilityConfig": {
+      "SampledRequestsEnabled": true,
+      "CloudWatchMetricsEnabled": true,
+      "MetricName": "AWSCommonRules"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "Name": "AWSManagedRulesSQLiRuleSet",
+    "Priority": 2,
+    "Statement": {
+      "ManagedRuleGroupStatement": {
+        "VendorName": "AWS",
+        "Name": "AWSManagedRulesSQLiRuleSet"
+      }
+    },
+    "OverrideAction": { "None": {} },
+    "VisibilityConfig": {
+      "SampledRequestsEnabled": true,
+      "CloudWatchMetricsEnabled": true,
+      "MetricName": "AWSSQLiRules"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "Name": "AWSManagedRulesKnownBadInputsRuleSet",
+    "Priority": 3,
+    "Statement": {
+      "ManagedRuleGroupStatement": {
+        "VendorName": "AWS",
+        "Name": "AWSManagedRulesKnownBadInputsRuleSet"
+      }
+    },
+    "OverrideAction": { "None": {} },
+    "VisibilityConfig": {
+      "SampledRequestsEnabled": true,
+      "CloudWatchMetricsEnabled": true,
+      "MetricName": "AWSBadInputRules"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "Name": "RateLimitRule",
+    "Priority": 4,
+    "Statement": {
+      "RateBasedStatement": {
+        "Limit": 2000,
+        "AggregateKeyType": "IP"
+      }
+    },
+    "Action": { "Block": {} },
+    "VisibilityConfig": {
+      "SampledRequestsEnabled": true,
+      "CloudWatchMetricsEnabled": true,
+      "MetricName": "RateLimit"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "Name": "GeoBlockRule",
+    "Priority": 5,
+    "Statement": {
+      "GeoMatchStatement": {
+        "CountryCodes": ["KP", "IR", "SY"]
+      }
+    },
+    "Action": { "Block": {} },
+    "VisibilityConfig": {
+      "SampledRequestsEnabled": true,
+      "CloudWatchMetricsEnabled": true,
+      "MetricName": "GeoBlock"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "Name": "BlockBadUserAgents",
+    "Priority": 6,
+    "Statement": {
+      "ByteMatchStatement": {
+        "SearchString": "sqlmap",
+        "FieldToMatch": { "SingleHeader": { "Name": "user-agent" } },
+        "TextTransformations": [{ "Priority": 0, "Type": "LOWERCASE" }],
+        "PositionalConstraint": "CONTAINS"
+      }
+    },
+    "Action": { "Block": {} },
+    "VisibilityConfig": {
+      "SampledRequestsEnabled": true,
+      "CloudWatchMetricsEnabled": true,
+      "MetricName": "BadUserAgent"
+    }
+  }
+]
+```
+
+### Associate WAF with ALB
+
+```bash
+# Associate with Application Load Balancer
+aws wafv2 associate-web-acl \
+  --web-acl-arn arn:aws:wafv2:us-east-1:123456789:regional/webacl/production-waf/abc123 \
+  --resource-arn arn:aws:elasticloadbalancing:us-east-1:123456789:loadbalancer/app/my-alb/abc123
+
+# Associate with API Gateway
+aws wafv2 associate-web-acl \
+  --web-acl-arn arn:aws:wafv2:us-east-1:123456789:regional/webacl/production-waf/abc123 \
+  --resource-arn arn:aws:apigateway:us-east-1::/restapis/abc123/stages/prod
+```
+
+### AWS WAF Terraform
+
+```hcl
+resource "aws_wafv2_web_acl" "main" {
+  name        = "production-waf"
+  scope       = "REGIONAL"
+  description = "Production WAF with OWASP protections"
+
+  default_action {
+    allow {}
+  }
+
+  rule {
+    name     = "AWSManagedRulesCommonRuleSet"
+    priority = 1
+
+    override_action { none {} }
+
+    statement {
+      managed_rule_group_statement {
+        name        = "AWSManagedRulesCommonRuleSet"
+        vendor_name = "AWS"
+
+        rule_action_override {
+          name = "SizeRestrictions_BODY"
+          action_to_use { count {} }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    visibility_config {
+      cloudwatch_metrics_enabled = true
+      metric_name                = "AWSCommonRules"
+      sampled_requests_enabled   = true
+    }
+  }
+
+  rule {
+    name     = "RateLimit"
+    priority = 10
+
+    action { block {} }
+
+    statement {
+      rate_based_statement {
+        limit              = 2000
+        aggregate_key_type = "IP"
+      }
+    }
+
+    visibility_config {
+      cloudwatch_metrics_enabled = true
+      metric_name                = "RateLimit"
+      sampled_requests_enabled   = true
+    }
+  }
+
+  visibility_config {
+    cloudwatch_metrics_enabled = true
+    metric_name                = "production-waf"
+    sampled_requests_enabled   = true
+  }
+}
+
+resource "aws_wafv2_web_acl_association" "alb" {
+  resource_arn = aws_lb.main.arn
+  web_acl_arn  = aws_wafv2_web_acl.main.arn
+}
+```
+
+## Cloudflare WAF
+
+### API Configuration
+
+```bash
+# List available WAF rulesets
+curl -s "https://api.cloudflare.com/client/v4/zones/${ZONE_ID}/rulesets" \
+  -H "Authorization: Bearer ${CF_TOKEN}" | jq '.result[] | {id, name, phase}'
+
+# Create a custom WAF rule
+curl -X POST "https://api.cloudflare.com/client/v4/zones/${ZONE_ID}/rulesets" \
+  -H "Authorization: Bearer ${CF_TOKEN}" \
+  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+  -d '{
+    "name": "Custom WAF Rules",
+    "kind": "zone",
+    "phase": "http_request_firewall_custom",
+    "rules": [
+      {
+        "action": "block",
+        "expression": "(http.request.uri.query contains \"union select\" or http.request.uri.query contains \"1=1\")",
+        "description": "Block SQL injection patterns in query string"
+      },
+      {
+        "action": "block",
+        "expression": "(http.request.uri.path contains \"..%2f\" or http.request.uri.path contains \"..%5c\")",
+        "description": "Block path traversal attempts"
+      },
+      {
+        "action": "challenge",
+        "expression": "(cf.threat_score gt 30)",
+        "description": "Challenge high threat score visitors"
+      },
+      {
+        "action": "block",
+        "expression": "(http.request.headers[\"user-agent\"] contains \"sqlmap\" or http.request.headers[\"user-agent\"] contains \"nikto\")",
+        "description": "Block known attack tools"
+      }
+    ]
+  }'
+
+# Configure rate limiting
+curl -X POST "https://api.cloudflare.com/client/v4/zones/${ZONE_ID}/rulesets" \
+  -H "Authorization: Bearer ${CF_TOKEN}" \
+  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+  -d '{
+    "name": "Rate Limiting",
+    "kind": "zone",
+    "phase": "http_ratelimit",
+    "rules": [
+      {
+        "action": "block",
+        "ratelimit": {
+          "characteristics": ["ip.src"],
+          "period": 60,
+          "requests_per_period": 100,
+          "mitigation_timeout": 600
+        },
+        "expression": "(http.request.uri.path matches \"^/api/\")",
+        "description": "Rate limit API endpoints"
+      }
+    ]
+  }'
+```
+
+### Cloudflare Terraform
+
+```hcl
+resource "cloudflare_ruleset" "waf_custom" {
+  zone_id = var.zone_id
+  name    = "Custom WAF Rules"
+  kind    = "zone"
+  phase   = "http_request_firewall_custom"
+
+  rules {
+    action      = "block"
+    expression  = "(http.request.uri.query contains \"union select\")"
+    description = "Block SQL injection in query string"
+  }
+
+  rules {
+    action      = "managed_challenge"
+    expression  = "(cf.threat_score gt 30)"
+    description = "Challenge suspicious visitors"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+
+## Contents
+
+- [ModSecurity with Nginx](references/details.md)
+- [WAF Tuning Workflow](references/details.md)
+- [Troubleshooting](references/details.md)
+- [Best Practices](references/details.md)
+- [Related Skills](references/details.md)
+
+## When to Use This Skill
+
+Use this skill when:
+- Deploying a public-facing web application that needs attack protection
+- Meeting compliance requirements (PCI-DSS, SOC2) for web application security
+- Blocking OWASP Top 10 attack categories (SQLi, XSS, CSRF, etc.)
+- Protecting APIs from abuse, injection, and rate-based attacks
+- Adding a virtual patching layer while application code is being fixed
+
+## Limitations
+
+- Apply guidance only within authorized scope; test destructive steps in non-production first.
+- Docs-only import: upstream scripts and templates not bundled.
+
+### Example
+
+```bash
+# Read-only first: inventory before any active step.
+which <tool> && <tool> --help | head -n 20
+```
+
+> Adapted from [BagelHole/DevOps-Security-Agent-Skills](https://github.com/BagelHole/DevOps-Security-Agent-Skills) (MIT); frontmatter, When to Use/Limitations, and safety boundaries added for upstream compliance. Docs-only import: helper scripts and templates not bundled.

package/bundled-skills/waf-setup/references/details.md

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+# Details (moved from SKILL.md)
+
+> Extended reference content for `waf-setup`, kept under `references/` so the entrypoint stays within the audit budget.
+
+## ModSecurity with Nginx
+
+### Installation
+
+```bash
+# Install ModSecurity for Nginx (Ubuntu)
+apt install -y libmodsecurity3 libmodsecurity-dev nginx libnginx-mod-http-modsecurity
+
+# Or compile from source
+git clone https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity /opt/modsecurity
+cd /opt/modsecurity
+git submodule init && git submodule update
+./build.sh && ./configure && make && make install
+```
+
+### Nginx Configuration
+
+```nginx
+# /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
+load_module modules/ngx_http_modsecurity_module.so;
+
+http {
+    modsecurity on;
+    modsecurity_rules_file /etc/nginx/modsec/main.conf;
+
+    server {
+        listen 443 ssl http2;
+        server_name example.com;
+
+        # ModSecurity can also be enabled per-location
+        location /api/ {
+            modsecurity on;
+            modsecurity_rules_file /etc/nginx/modsec/api-rules.conf;
+            proxy_pass http://backend;
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### ModSecurity Main Configuration
+
+```bash
+# /etc/nginx/modsec/main.conf
+Include /etc/nginx/modsec/modsecurity.conf
+
+# Set to DetectionOnly first, switch to On after tuning
+SecRuleEngine On
+
+# Request body handling
+SecRequestBodyAccess On
+SecRequestBodyLimit 13107200
+SecRequestBodyNoFilesLimit 131072
+
+# Response body handling
+SecResponseBodyAccess On
+SecResponseBodyMimeType text/plain text/html text/xml application/json
+
+# Logging
+SecAuditEngine RelevantOnly
+SecAuditLogRelevantStatus "^(?:5|4(?!04))"
+SecAuditLogParts ABIJDEFHZ
+SecAuditLogType Serial
+SecAuditLog /var/log/modsec/modsec_audit.log
+
+# Include OWASP Core Rule Set
+Include /etc/nginx/modsec/crs/crs-setup.conf
+Include /etc/nginx/modsec/crs/rules/*.conf
+```
+
+### OWASP Core Rule Set Setup
+
+```bash
+# Download and install OWASP CRS
+cd /etc/nginx/modsec
+git clone https://github.com/coreruleset/coreruleset crs
+cp crs/crs-setup.conf.example crs/crs-setup.conf
+
+# Customize CRS settings
+cat >> crs/crs-setup.conf << 'EOF'
+
+# Set paranoia level (1-4, higher = more strict)
+SecAction "id:900000, phase:1, pass, t:none, nolog, setvar:tx.paranoia_level=2"
+
+# Set anomaly score thresholds
+SecAction "id:900110, phase:1, pass, t:none, nolog, \
+  setvar:tx.inbound_anomaly_score_threshold=5, \
+  setvar:tx.outbound_anomaly_score_threshold=4"
+
+# Exclude known false positives
+SecRule REQUEST_URI "@beginsWith /api/upload" \
+  "id:1001,phase:1,pass,nolog,ctl:ruleRemoveById=920420"
+EOF
+
+# Create rule exclusions file
+cat > /etc/nginx/modsec/crs/RESPONSE-999-EXCLUSION-RULES-AFTER-CRS.conf << 'EOF'
+# Exclude rules that cause false positives on specific paths
+SecRule REQUEST_URI "@beginsWith /api/webhook" \
+  "id:1000001,phase:1,pass,nolog,ctl:ruleRemoveTargetById=942100;ARGS:payload"
+
+# Exclude rules for specific parameters
+SecRule ARGS_NAMES "^content$" \
+  "id:1000002,phase:1,pass,nolog,ctl:ruleRemoveTargetById=941100;ARGS:content"
+EOF
+```
+
+### Custom ModSecurity Rules
+
+```bash
+# /etc/nginx/modsec/custom-rules.conf
+
+# Block requests with known attack tool user agents
+SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:User-Agent "@pm sqlmap nikto nmap masscan dirbuster" \
+  "id:10001,phase:1,deny,status:403,log,msg:'Blocked attack tool'"
+
+# Block requests to sensitive paths
+SecRule REQUEST_URI "@rx /(\.git|\.env|\.svn|wp-admin|phpmyadmin|adminer)" \
+  "id:10002,phase:1,deny,status:404,log,msg:'Blocked sensitive path access'"
+
+# Rate limit by IP (10 requests/second)
+SecRule IP:REQUEST_RATE "@gt 10" \
+  "id:10003,phase:1,deny,status:429,log,msg:'Rate limit exceeded',\
+  setvar:IP.request_rate=+1,expirevar:IP.request_rate=1"
+
+# Block oversized cookies (potential overflow attack)
+SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:Cookie "@gt 4096" \
+  "id:10004,phase:1,deny,status:400,log,msg:'Oversized cookie header'"
+
+# Virtual patch: block specific CVE exploit pattern
+SecRule ARGS:filename "@contains ../../" \
+  "id:10005,phase:2,deny,status:403,log,msg:'Path traversal blocked (virtual patch CVE-XXXX-XXXX)'"
+
+# Require Content-Type on POST requests
+SecRule REQUEST_METHOD "@streq POST" \
+  "id:10006,phase:1,chain,deny,status:400,log,msg:'POST without Content-Type'"
+SecRule &REQUEST_HEADERS:Content-Type "@eq 0" ""
+```
+
+
+## WAF Tuning Workflow
+
+```bash
+#!/bin/bash
+# waf-tune.sh - Analyze WAF logs for false positives
+
+AUDIT_LOG="/var/log/modsec/modsec_audit.log"
+TIMEFRAME="24h"
+
+echo "=== WAF Tuning Report ==="
+echo "Analyzing last ${TIMEFRAME} of audit logs"
+echo ""
+
+# Top blocked rules
+echo "--- Top 10 triggered rules ---"
+grep -oP 'id "\K[0-9]+' "$AUDIT_LOG" | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn | head -10
+
+echo ""
+echo "--- Top blocked URIs ---"
+grep -oP 'REQUEST_URI: \K[^\s]+' "$AUDIT_LOG" | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn | head -10
+
+echo ""
+echo "--- Top blocked IPs ---"
+grep -oP 'client \K[0-9.]+' "$AUDIT_LOG" | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn | head -10
+
+echo ""
+echo "--- False positive candidates (high-frequency blocks on common paths) ---"
+grep -oP 'id "\K[0-9]+' "$AUDIT_LOG" | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn | \
+  while read count rule_id; do
+    if [ "$count" -gt 100 ]; then
+      echo "  Rule $rule_id triggered $count times - review for false positive"
+    fi
+  done
+```
+
+
+## Troubleshooting
+
+| Problem | Cause | Solution |
+|---------|-------|----------|
+| Legitimate requests blocked | False positives from CRS rules | Set `SecRuleEngine DetectionOnly` first; review audit log; add exclusions |
+| WAF not blocking attacks | Rules in detection-only mode | Switch `SecRuleEngine On` after tuning period |
+| High latency with WAF enabled | Response body inspection overhead | Disable `SecResponseBodyAccess` if not needed; reduce `paranoia_level` |
+| AWS WAF rules not matching | Rule priority order wrong | Lower priority number = evaluated first; reorder rules |
+| ModSecurity crashes nginx | Memory exhaustion on large requests | Increase `SecRequestBodyLimit`; adjust `SecPcreMatchLimit` |
+| Cloudflare WAF blocks API calls | Expression too broad | Narrow expression with path or method conditions |
+| CRS update breaks application | New rules trigger on existing traffic | Pin CRS version; test updates in staging first |
+
+
+## Best Practices
+
+- Start in detection/log mode, switch to blocking after tuning
+- Tune rules for at least 1-2 weeks before enforcement
+- Monitor blocked requests daily during tuning phase
+- Update managed rule sets and CRS regularly
+- Create custom rules for application-specific attack patterns
+- Use virtual patching to protect against known CVEs while code is being fixed
+- Set appropriate rate limits per endpoint
+- Maintain exclusion rules documentation with justifications
+- Test WAF rules with known attack payloads before deploying
+- Keep audit logs for at least 90 days for forensic analysis
+
+
+## Related Skills
+
+- dast-scanning (`dast-scanning`) - Web security testing
+- ssl-tls-management (`ssl-tls-management`) - HTTPS configuration
+- firewall-config (`firewall-config`) - Network-level firewalling
+