node-liblzma 1.0.4 → 1.1.6

package/deps/xz/doc/man/txt/xz.txt

@@ -1,1483 +0,0 @@
-XZ(1)                              XZ Utils                              XZ(1)
-
-
-
-NAME
-       xz,  unxz,  xzcat, lzma, unlzma, lzcat - Compress or decompress .xz and
-       .lzma files
-
-SYNOPSIS
-       xz [option...]  [file...]
-
-COMMAND ALIASES
-       unxz is equivalent to xz --decompress.
-       xzcat is equivalent to xz --decompress --stdout.
-       lzma is equivalent to xz --format=lzma.
-       unlzma is equivalent to xz --format=lzma --decompress.
-       lzcat is equivalent to xz --format=lzma --decompress --stdout.
-
-       When writing scripts that need to decompress files, it  is  recommended
-       to  always use the name xz with appropriate arguments (xz -d or xz -dc)
-       instead of the names unxz and xzcat.
-
-DESCRIPTION
-       xz is a general-purpose data compression tool with command line  syntax
-       similar  to  gzip(1)  and  bzip2(1).  The native file format is the .xz
-       format, but the legacy .lzma format used by LZMA  Utils  and  raw  com-
-       pressed streams with no container format headers are also supported.
-
-       xz compresses or decompresses each file according to the selected oper-
-       ation mode.  If no files are given or file is -, xz reads from standard
-       input and writes the processed data to standard output.  xz will refuse
-       (display an error and skip the file) to write compressed data to  stan-
-       dard  output  if  it  is a terminal.  Similarly, xz will refuse to read
-       compressed data from standard input if it is a terminal.
-
-       Unless --stdout is specified, files other than - are written to  a  new
-       file whose name is derived from the source file name:
-
-       o  When  compressing,  the  suffix  of  the  target file format (.xz or
-          .lzma) is appended to the source filename to get  the  target  file-
-          name.
-
-       o  When  decompressing,  the  .xz  or  .lzma suffix is removed from the
-          filename to get the target filename.  xz also  recognizes  the  suf-
-          fixes .txz and .tlz, and replaces them with the .tar suffix.
-
-       If  the  target file already exists, an error is displayed and the file
-       is skipped.
-
-       Unless writing to standard output, xz will display a warning  and  skip
-       the file if any of the following applies:
-
-       o  File  is  not  a regular file.  Symbolic links are not followed, and
-          thus they are not considered to be regular files.
-
-       o  File has more than one hard link.
-
-       o  File has setuid, setgid, or sticky bit set.
-
-       o  The operation mode is set to compress and the  file  already  has  a
-          suffix  of  the  target file format (.xz or .txz when compressing to
-          the .xz format, and .lzma or .tlz when compressing to the .lzma for-
-          mat).
-
-       o  The  operation mode is set to decompress and the file doesn't have a
-          suffix of any of the supported file formats (.xz,  .txz,  .lzma,  or
-          .tlz).
-
-       After successfully compressing or decompressing the file, xz copies the
-       owner, group, permissions, access time, and modification time from  the
-       source  file  to the target file.  If copying the group fails, the per-
-       missions are modified so that the target file doesn't become accessible
-       to  users  who  didn't  have  permission to access the source file.  xz
-       doesn't support copying other metadata like  access  control  lists  or
-       extended attributes yet.
-
-       Once  the  target file has been successfully closed, the source file is
-       removed unless --keep was specified.  The source file is never  removed
-       if the output is written to standard output.
-
-       Sending  SIGINFO  or  SIGUSR1 to the xz process makes it print progress
-       information to standard error.  This has only limited  use  since  when
-       standard error is a terminal, using --verbose will display an automati-
-       cally updating progress indicator.
-
-   Memory usage
-       The memory usage of xz varies from a few hundred kilobytes  to  several
-       gigabytes  depending  on  the  compression settings.  The settings used
-       when compressing a file determine the memory requirements of the decom-
-       pressor.  Typically the decompressor needs 5 % to 20 % of the amount of
-       memory that the compressor needed when creating the file.  For example,
-       decompressing  a  file  created with xz -9 currently requires 65 MiB of
-       memory.  Still, it is possible to have .xz files that  require  several
-       gigabytes of memory to decompress.
-
-       Especially  users  of  older  systems  may find the possibility of very
-       large memory usage annoying.  To prevent  uncomfortable  surprises,  xz
-       has  a  built-in  memory  usage  limiter, which is disabled by default.
-       While some operating systems provide ways to limit the memory usage  of
-       processes,  relying  on  it  wasn't  deemed to be flexible enough (e.g.
-       using ulimit(1) to limit virtual memory tends to cripple mmap(2)).
-
-       The memory usage limiter can be enabled with the  command  line  option
-       --memlimit=limit.  Often it is more convenient to enable the limiter by
-       default  by  setting  the  environment   variable   XZ_DEFAULTS,   e.g.
-       XZ_DEFAULTS=--memlimit=150MiB.   It is possible to set the limits sepa-
-       rately for  compression  and  decompression  by  using  --memlimit-com-
-       press=limit  and  --memlimit-decompress=limit.  Using these two options
-       outside XZ_DEFAULTS is rarely useful because a single run of xz  cannot
-       do  both  compression  and  decompression  and  --memlimit=limit (or -M
-       limit) is shorter to type on the command line.
-
-       If the specified memory usage limit is exceeded when decompressing,  xz
-       will  display  an  error  and decompressing the file will fail.  If the
-       limit is exceeded when compressing, xz will try to scale  the  settings
-       down  so that the limit is no longer exceeded (except when using --for-
-       mat=raw or --no-adjust).  This way the operation won't fail unless  the
-       limit is very small.  The scaling of the settings is done in steps that
-       don't match the compression level presets, e.g. if the  limit  is  only
-       slightly  less than the amount required for xz -9, the settings will be
-       scaled down only a little, not all the way down to xz -8.
-
-   Concatenation and padding with .xz files
-       It is possible to concatenate .xz files as is.  xz will decompress such
-       files as if they were a single .xz file.
-
-       It  is  possible  to  insert  padding between the concatenated parts or
-       after the last part.  The padding must consist of null  bytes  and  the
-       size of the padding must be a multiple of four bytes.  This can be use-
-       ful e.g. if the .xz file is stored on a medium that measures file sizes
-       in 512-byte blocks.
-
-       Concatenation  and  padding  are  not  allowed  with .lzma files or raw
-       streams.
-
-OPTIONS
-   Integer suffixes and special values
-       In most places where an integer argument is expected, an optional  suf-
-       fix  is  supported to easily indicate large integers.  There must be no
-       space between the integer and the suffix.
-
-       KiB    Multiply the integer by 1,024 (2^10).  Ki, k, kB, K, and KB  are
-              accepted as synonyms for KiB.
-
-       MiB    Multiply  the integer by 1,048,576 (2^20).  Mi, m, M, and MB are
-              accepted as synonyms for MiB.
-
-       GiB    Multiply the integer by 1,073,741,824 (2^30).  Gi, g, G, and  GB
-              are accepted as synonyms for GiB.
-
-       The special value max can be used to indicate the maximum integer value
-       supported by the option.
-
-   Operation mode
-       If multiple operation mode  options  are  given,  the  last  one  takes
-       effect.
-
-       -z, --compress
-              Compress.   This is the default operation mode when no operation
-              mode option is specified and no other operation mode is  implied
-              from the command name (for example, unxz implies --decompress).
-
-       -d, --decompress, --uncompress
-              Decompress.
-
-       -t, --test
-              Test  the integrity of compressed files.  This option is equiva-
-              lent to --decompress --stdout except that the decompressed  data
-              is  discarded  instead  of being written to standard output.  No
-              files are created or removed.
-
-       -l, --list
-              Print information about compressed files.  No uncompressed  out-
-              put  is  produced, and no files are created or removed.  In list
-              mode, the program cannot read the compressed data from  standard
-              input or from other unseekable sources.
-
-              The  default  listing  shows  basic information about files, one
-              file per line.  To get more detailed information, use  also  the
-              --verbose  option.   For  even  more  information, use --verbose
-              twice, but note that this may be slow, because getting  all  the
-              extra  information  requires  many  seeks.  The width of verbose
-              output exceeds 80 characters,  so  piping  the  output  to  e.g.
-              less -S may be convenient if the terminal isn't wide enough.
-
-              The  exact  output  may  vary  between xz versions and different
-              locales.  For machine-readable output, --robot --list should  be
-              used.
-
-   Operation modifiers
-       -k, --keep
-              Don't delete the input files.
-
-       -f, --force
-              This option has several effects:
-
-              o  If the target file already exists, delete it before compress-
-                 ing or decompressing.
-
-              o  Compress or decompress even if the input is a  symbolic  link
-                 to  a  regular  file, has more than one hard link, or has the
-                 setuid, setgid, or sticky bit set.  The setuid,  setgid,  and
-                 sticky bits are not copied to the target file.
-
-              o  When  used with --decompress --stdout and xz cannot recognize
-                 the type of the source file, copy the source file  as  is  to
-                 standard  output.   This allows xzcat --force to be used like
-                 cat(1) for files that have not been compressed with xz.  Note
-                 that in future, xz might support new compressed file formats,
-                 which may make xz decompress more types of files  instead  of
-                 copying  them  as is to standard output.  --format=format can
-                 be used to restrict xz to decompress only a single file  for-
-                 mat.
-
-       -c, --stdout, --to-stdout
-              Write  the  compressed  or  decompressed data to standard output
-              instead of a file.  This implies --keep.
-
-       --single-stream
-              Decompress only the first .xz stream, and silently ignore possi-
-              ble  remaining  input  data following the stream.  Normally such
-              trailing garbage makes xz display an error.
-
-              xz never decompresses more than one stream from .lzma  files  or
-              raw  streams, but this option still makes xz ignore the possible
-              trailing data after the .lzma file or raw stream.
-
-              This option has no effect if the operation mode is not  --decom-
-              press or --test.
-
-       --no-sparse
-              Disable  creation of sparse files.  By default, if decompressing
-              into a regular file, xz tries to make the  file  sparse  if  the
-              decompressed  data  contains long sequences of binary zeros.  It
-              also works when writing to standard output as long  as  standard
-              output  is  connected  to  a regular file and certain additional
-              conditions are met to make it safe.  Creating sparse  files  may
-              save  disk  space and speed up the decompression by reducing the
-              amount of disk I/O.
-
-       -S .suf, --suffix=.suf
-              When compressing, use .suf as the suffix  for  the  target  file
-              instead  of .xz or .lzma.  If not writing to standard output and
-              the source file already has the suffix .suf, a warning  is  dis-
-              played and the file is skipped.
-
-              When  decompressing,  recognize  files  with  the suffix .suf in
-              addition to files with the .xz, .txz, .lzma, or .tlz suffix.  If
-              the  source  file  has the suffix .suf, the suffix is removed to
-              get the target filename.
-
-              When compressing or decompressing  raw  streams  (--format=raw),
-              the  suffix  must always be specified unless writing to standard
-              output, because there is no default suffix for raw streams.
-
-       --files[=file]
-              Read the filenames to process from file;  if  file  is  omitted,
-              filenames  are read from standard input.  Filenames must be ter-
-              minated with the newline character.  A dash (-) is  taken  as  a
-              regular  filename; it doesn't mean standard input.  If filenames
-              are given also as command line  arguments,  they  are  processed
-              before the filenames read from file.
-
-       --files0[=file]
-              This  is  identical  to --files[=file] except that each filename
-              must be terminated with the null character.
-
-   Basic file format and compression options
-       -F format, --format=format
-              Specify the file format to compress or decompress:
-
-              auto   This is the default.  When compressing, auto  is  equiva-
-                     lent  to xz.  When decompressing, the format of the input
-                     file is automatically detected.  Note  that  raw  streams
-                     (created with --format=raw) cannot be auto-detected.
-
-              xz     Compress to the .xz file format, or accept only .xz files
-                     when decompressing.
-
-              lzma, alone
-                     Compress to the legacy .lzma file format, or accept  only
-                     .lzma  files  when  decompressing.   The alternative name
-                     alone is provided for backwards compatibility  with  LZMA
-                     Utils.
-
-              raw    Compress  or  uncompress a raw stream (no headers).  This
-                     is meant for advanced users only.  To decode raw streams,
-                     you need use --format=raw and explicitly specify the fil-
-                     ter chain, which normally would have been stored  in  the
-                     container headers.
-
-       -C check, --check=check
-              Specify  the  type  of the integrity check.  The check is calcu-
-              lated from the uncompressed data and stored  in  the  .xz  file.
-              This  option  has  an  effect only when compressing into the .xz
-              format; the .lzma format doesn't support integrity checks.   The
-              integrity check (if any) is verified when the .xz file is decom-
-              pressed.
-
-              Supported check types:
-
-              none   Don't calculate an integrity check at all.  This is  usu-
-                     ally  a  bad  idea.  This can be useful when integrity of
-                     the data is verified by other means anyway.
-
-              crc32  Calculate CRC32  using  the  polynomial  from  IEEE-802.3
-                     (Ethernet).
-
-              crc64  Calculate CRC64 using the polynomial from ECMA-182.  This
-                     is the default, since it is slightly better than CRC32 at
-                     detecting  damaged files and the speed difference is neg-
-                     ligible.
-
-              sha256 Calculate SHA-256.  This is somewhat  slower  than  CRC32
-                     and CRC64.
-
-              Integrity  of the .xz headers is always verified with CRC32.  It
-              is not possible to change or disable it.
-
-       --ignore-check
-              Don't verify the integrity check of  the  compressed  data  when
-              decompressing.   The  CRC32 values in the .xz headers will still
-              be verified normally.
-
-              Do not use this option unless you know what you are doing.  Pos-
-              sible reasons to use this option:
-
-              o  Trying to recover data from a corrupt .xz file.
-
-              o  Speeding  up decompression.  This matters mostly with SHA-256
-                 or with files that have compressed extremely well.  It's rec-
-                 ommended  to  not use this option for this purpose unless the
-                 file integrity is verified externally in some other way.
-
-       -0 ... -9
-              Select a compression preset level.  The default is -6.  If  mul-
-              tiple  preset  levels  are specified, the last one takes effect.
-              If a custom filter chain was already specified, setting  a  com-
-              pression preset level clears the custom filter chain.
-
-              The  differences  between  the presets are more significant than
-              with gzip(1) and bzip2(1).  The  selected  compression  settings
-              determine  the  memory  requirements  of  the decompressor, thus
-              using a too high preset level might make it  painful  to  decom-
-              press  the file on an old system with little RAM.  Specifically,
-              it's not a good idea to blindly use -9 for  everything  like  it
-              often is with gzip(1) and bzip2(1).
-
-              -0 ... -3
-                     These  are somewhat fast presets.  -0 is sometimes faster
-                     than gzip -9 while compressing much better.   The  higher
-                     ones  often have speed comparable to bzip2(1) with compa-
-                     rable or better compression ratio, although  the  results
-                     depend a lot on the type of data being compressed.
-
-              -4 ... -6
-                     Good  to very good compression while keeping decompressor
-                     memory usage reasonable even for old systems.  -6 is  the
-                     default,  which  is  usually  a good choice e.g. for dis-
-                     tributing files that need to be  decompressible  even  on
-                     systems  with  only 16 MiB RAM.  (-5e or -6e may be worth
-                     considering too.  See --extreme.)
-
-              -7 ... -9
-                     These are like -6 but with higher compressor  and  decom-
-                     pressor  memory requirements.  These are useful only when
-                     compressing files bigger than 8 MiB, 16 MiB, and  32 MiB,
-                     respectively.
-
-              On the same hardware, the decompression speed is approximately a
-              constant number of bytes of  compressed  data  per  second.   In
-              other  words,  the better the compression, the faster the decom-
-              pression will usually be.  This also means that  the  amount  of
-              uncompressed output produced per second can vary a lot.
-
-              The following table summarises the features of the presets:
-
-                     Preset   DictSize   CompCPU   CompMem   DecMem
-                       -0     256 KiB       0        3 MiB    1 MiB
-                       -1       1 MiB       1        9 MiB    2 MiB
-                       -2       2 MiB       2       17 MiB    3 MiB
-                       -3       4 MiB       3       32 MiB    5 MiB
-                       -4       4 MiB       4       48 MiB    5 MiB
-                       -5       8 MiB       5       94 MiB    9 MiB
-                       -6       8 MiB       6       94 MiB    9 MiB
-                       -7      16 MiB       6      186 MiB   17 MiB
-                       -8      32 MiB       6      370 MiB   33 MiB
-                       -9      64 MiB       6      674 MiB   65 MiB
-
-              Column descriptions:
-
-              o  DictSize is the LZMA2 dictionary size.  It is waste of memory
-                 to use a dictionary bigger than the size of the  uncompressed
-                 file.   This  is why it is good to avoid using the presets -7
-                 ... -9 when there's no real need for them.  At -6 and  lower,
-                 the amount of memory wasted is usually low enough to not mat-
-                 ter.
-
-              o  CompCPU is a simplified representation of the LZMA2  settings
-                 that  affect  compression speed.  The dictionary size affects
-                 speed too, so while CompCPU is the same for levels -6 ... -9,
-                 higher  levels still tend to be a little slower.  To get even
-                 slower and thus possibly better compression, see --extreme.
-
-              o  CompMem contains the compressor memory  requirements  in  the
-                 single-threaded  mode.   It may vary slightly between xz ver-
-                 sions.  Memory requirements of  some  of  the  future  multi-
-                 threaded  modes  may  be dramatically higher than that of the
-                 single-threaded mode.
-
-              o  DecMem contains the decompressor memory  requirements.   That
-                 is,  the  compression  settings determine the memory require-
-                 ments of the decompressor.   The  exact  decompressor  memory
-                 usage  is  slightly  more than the LZMA2 dictionary size, but
-                 the values in the table have been rounded up to the next full
-                 MiB.
-
-       -e, --extreme
-              Use  a  slower  variant of the selected compression preset level
-              (-0 ... -9) to hopefully get a  little  bit  better  compression
-              ratio,  but  with  bad luck this can also make it worse.  Decom-
-              pressor memory usage is  not  affected,  but  compressor  memory
-              usage increases a little at preset levels -0 ... -3.
-
-              Since  there  are  two  presets  with dictionary sizes 4 MiB and
-              8 MiB, the presets -3e and  -5e  use  slightly  faster  settings
-              (lower CompCPU) than -4e and -6e, respectively.  That way no two
-              presets are identical.
-
-                     Preset   DictSize   CompCPU   CompMem   DecMem
-                      -0e     256 KiB       8        4 MiB    1 MiB
-                      -1e       1 MiB       8       13 MiB    2 MiB
-                      -2e       2 MiB       8       25 MiB    3 MiB
-                      -3e       4 MiB       7       48 MiB    5 MiB
-                      -4e       4 MiB       8       48 MiB    5 MiB
-                      -5e       8 MiB       7       94 MiB    9 MiB
-                      -6e       8 MiB       8       94 MiB    9 MiB
-                      -7e      16 MiB       8      186 MiB   17 MiB
-                      -8e      32 MiB       8      370 MiB   33 MiB
-                      -9e      64 MiB       8      674 MiB   65 MiB
-
-              For example, there are a total of four presets  that  use  8 MiB
-              dictionary,  whose  order from the fastest to the slowest is -5,
-              -6, -5e, and -6e.
-
-       --fast
-       --best These are somewhat misleading aliases for  -0  and  -9,  respec-
-              tively.   These  are  provided  only for backwards compatibility
-              with LZMA Utils.  Avoid using these options.
-
-       --block-size=size
-              When compressing to the .xz format, split the  input  data  into
-              blocks  of  size bytes.  The blocks are compressed independently
-              from each other, which helps with multi-threading and makes lim-
-              ited random-access decompression possible.  This option is typi-
-              cally used to override the default block size in  multi-threaded
-              mode, but this option can be used in single-threaded mode too.
-
-              In  multi-threaded  mode  about  three  times size bytes will be
-              allocated in each thread for buffering input  and  output.   The
-              default  size is three times the LZMA2 dictionary size or 1 MiB,
-              whichever is more.  Typically a good value is 2-4 times the size
-              of the LZMA2 dictionary or at least 1 MiB.  Using size less than
-              the LZMA2 dictionary size is waste of RAM because then the LZMA2
-              dictionary  buffer  will never get fully used.  The sizes of the
-              blocks are stored in the block headers, which a  future  version
-              of xz will use for multi-threaded decompression.
-
-              In  single-threaded  mode no block splitting is done by default.
-              Setting this option doesn't affect memory usage.  No size infor-
-              mation is stored in block headers, thus files created in single-
-              threaded mode won't be identical  to  files  created  in  multi-
-              threaded  mode.   The lack of size information also means that a
-              future version of xz won't  be  able  decompress  the  files  in
-              multi-threaded mode.
-
-       --block-list=sizes
-              When  compressing to the .xz format, start a new block after the
-              given intervals of uncompressed data.
-
-              The uncompressed sizes of the blocks are specified as  a  comma-
-              separated  list.   Omitting a size (two or more consecutive com-
-              mas) is a shorthand to use the size of the previous block.
-
-              If the input file is bigger than the  sum  of  sizes,  the  last
-              value in sizes is repeated until the end of the file.  A special
-              value of 0 may be used as the last value to  indicate  that  the
-              rest of the file should be encoded as a single block.
-
-              If  one  specifies  sizes  that  exceed the encoder's block size
-              (either the default value in threaded mode or the  value  speci-
-              fied with --block-size=size), the encoder will create additional
-              blocks while keeping the boundaries  specified  in  sizes.   For
-              example,      if      one      specifies      --block-size=10MiB
-              --block-list=5MiB,10MiB,8MiB,12MiB,24MiB and the input  file  is
-              80  MiB, one will get 11 blocks: 5, 10, 8, 10, 2, 10, 10, 4, 10,
-              10, and 1 MiB.
-
-              In multi-threaded mode the sizes of the blocks are stored in the
-              block  headers.  This isn't done in single-threaded mode, so the
-              encoded output won't be identical to that of the  multi-threaded
-              mode.
-
-       --flush-timeout=timeout
-              When  compressing, if more than timeout milliseconds (a positive
-              integer) has passed since the previous flush  and  reading  more
-              input  would  block,  all the pending input data is flushed from
-              the encoder and made available in the output stream.   This  can
-              be useful if xz is used to compress data that is streamed over a
-              network.  Small timeout values make the data  available  at  the
-              receiving  end with a small delay, but large timeout values give
-              better compression ratio.
-
-              This feature is disabled by default.  If this option  is  speci-
-              fied  more  than  once,  the last one takes effect.  The special
-              timeout value of 0 can be used to explicitly disable  this  fea-
-              ture.
-
-              This feature is not available on non-POSIX systems.
-
-              This  feature is still experimental.  Currently xz is unsuitable
-              for decompressing the stream in real time due  to  how  xz  does
-              buffering.
-
-       --memlimit-compress=limit
-              Set  a  memory  usage  limit for compression.  If this option is
-              specified multiple times, the last one takes effect.
-
-              If the compression settings exceed the limit, xz will adjust the
-              settings  downwards  so that the limit is no longer exceeded and
-              display a notice  that  automatic  adjustment  was  done.   Such
-              adjustments  are  not made when compressing with --format=raw or
-              if --no-adjust has been specified.  In those cases, an error  is
-              displayed and xz will exit with exit status 1.
-
-              The limit can be specified in multiple ways:
-
-              o  The  limit can be an absolute value in bytes.  Using an inte-
-                 ger suffix like MiB can be useful.  Example:  --memlimit-com-
-                 press=80MiB
-
-              o  The  limit can be specified as a percentage of total physical
-                 memory (RAM).  This can be useful especially when setting the
-                 XZ_DEFAULTS  environment  variable  in a shell initialization
-                 script that is shared between different computers.  That  way
-                 the  limit  is automatically bigger on systems with more mem-
-                 ory.  Example: --memlimit-compress=70%
-
-              o  The limit can be reset back to its default value  by  setting
-                 it  to  0.  This is currently equivalent to setting the limit
-                 to max (no memory usage limit).  Once multithreading  support
-                 has been implemented, there may be a difference between 0 and
-                 max for the multithreaded case, so it is recommended to use 0
-                 instead of max until the details have been decided.
-
-              See also the section Memory usage.
-
-       --memlimit-decompress=limit
-              Set  a  memory usage limit for decompression.  This also affects
-              the --list mode.  If  the  operation  is  not  possible  without
-              exceeding  the limit, xz will display an error and decompressing
-              the file will fail.  See --memlimit-compress=limit for  possible
-              ways to specify the limit.
-
-       -M limit, --memlimit=limit, --memory=limit
-              This   is  equivalent  to  specifying  --memlimit-compress=limit
-              --memlimit-decompress=limit.
-
-       --no-adjust
-              Display an error and exit if the compression settings exceed the
-              memory usage limit.  The default is to adjust the settings down-
-              wards so that the memory usage limit is not exceeded.  Automatic
-              adjusting  is  always disabled when creating raw streams (--for-
-              mat=raw).
-
-       -T threads, --threads=threads
-              Specify the number of worker threads to use.  Setting threads to
-              a  special value 0 makes xz use as many threads as there are CPU
-              cores on the system.  The actual number of threads can  be  less
-              than  threads  if the input file is not big enough for threading
-              with the given settings or if using more  threads  would  exceed
-              the memory usage limit.
-
-              Currently  the  only threading method is to split the input into
-              blocks and compress them independently  from  each  other.   The
-              default  block  size depends on the compression level and can be
-              overriden with the --block-size=size option.
-
-              Threaded decompression hasn't been  implemented  yet.   It  will
-              only work on files that contain multiple blocks with size infor-
-              mation in block headers.  All files compressed in multi-threaded
-              mode  meet  this  condition,  but  files  compressed  in single-
-              threaded mode don't even if --block-size=size is used.
-
-   Custom compressor filter chains
-       A custom filter chain allows specifying  the  compression  settings  in
-       detail  instead  of  relying on the settings associated to the presets.
-       When a custom filter chain is specified, preset options (-0 ... -9  and
-       --extreme)  earlier  on  the  command  line are forgotten.  If a preset
-       option is specified after one or more custom filter chain options,  the
-       new  preset  takes effect and the custom filter chain options specified
-       earlier are forgotten.
-
-       A filter chain is comparable to piping on the command line.  When  com-
-       pressing, the uncompressed input goes to the first filter, whose output
-       goes to the next filter (if any).  The output of the last  filter  gets
-       written  to  the compressed file.  The maximum number of filters in the
-       chain is four, but typically a filter chain has only one  or  two  fil-
-       ters.
-
-       Many filters have limitations on where they can be in the filter chain:
-       some filters can work only as the last filter in the chain,  some  only
-       as  a  non-last  filter,  and  some  work in any position in the chain.
-       Depending on the filter, this limitation is either inherent to the fil-
-       ter design or exists to prevent security issues.
-
-       A  custom filter chain is specified by using one or more filter options
-       in the order they are wanted in the filter chain.  That is,  the  order
-       of  filter  options  is significant!  When decoding raw streams (--for-
-       mat=raw), the filter chain is specified in the same  order  as  it  was
-       specified when compressing.
-
-       Filters  take filter-specific options as a comma-separated list.  Extra
-       commas in options are ignored.  Every option has a  default  value,  so
-       you need to specify only those you want to change.
-
-       To  see  the  whole  filter chain and options, use xz -vv (that is, use
-       --verbose twice).  This works also for viewing the filter chain options
-       used by presets.
-
-       --lzma1[=options]
-       --lzma2[=options]
-              Add  LZMA1  or  LZMA2 filter to the filter chain.  These filters
-              can be used only as the last filter in the chain.
-
-              LZMA1 is a legacy filter, which is supported almost  solely  due
-              to  the  legacy  .lzma  file  format, which supports only LZMA1.
-              LZMA2 is an updated version  of  LZMA1  to  fix  some  practical
-              issues  of LZMA1.  The .xz format uses LZMA2 and doesn't support
-              LZMA1 at all.  Compression speed and ratios of LZMA1  and  LZMA2
-              are practically the same.
-
-              LZMA1 and LZMA2 share the same set of options:
-
-              preset=preset
-                     Reset  all LZMA1 or LZMA2 options to preset.  Preset con-
-                     sist of an integer, which may be followed by  single-let-
-                     ter  preset  modifiers.   The integer can be from 0 to 9,
-                     matching the command line options -0 ...  -9.   The  only
-                     supported   modifier   is   currently  e,  which  matches
-                     --extreme.  If no preset is specified, the default values
-                     of LZMA1 or LZMA2 options are taken from the preset 6.
-
-              dict=size
-                     Dictionary (history buffer) size indicates how many bytes
-                     of the recently processed uncompressed data  is  kept  in
-                     memory.   The  algorithm  tries  to  find  repeating byte
-                     sequences (matches) in the uncompressed data, and replace
-                     them with references to the data currently in the dictio-
-                     nary.  The bigger  the  dictionary,  the  higher  is  the
-                     chance to find a match.  Thus, increasing dictionary size
-                     usually improves compression ratio, but a dictionary big-
-                     ger than the uncompressed file is waste of memory.
-
-                     Typical  dictionary  size  is from 64 KiB to 64 MiB.  The
-                     minimum is 4 KiB.  The maximum for  compression  is  cur-
-                     rently 1.5 GiB (1536 MiB).  The decompressor already sup-
-                     ports dictionaries up to one byte less than 4 GiB,  which
-                     is the maximum for the LZMA1 and LZMA2 stream formats.
-
-                     Dictionary  size and match finder (mf) together determine
-                     the memory usage of the LZMA1 or LZMA2 encoder.  The same
-                     (or bigger) dictionary size is required for decompressing
-                     that was used when compressing, thus the memory usage  of
-                     the  decoder  is  determined  by the dictionary size used
-                     when compressing.  The .xz headers store  the  dictionary
-                     size  either  as 2^n or 2^n + 2^(n-1), so these sizes are
-                     somewhat preferred for compression.  Other sizes will get
-                     rounded up when stored in the .xz headers.
-
-              lc=lc  Specify  the number of literal context bits.  The minimum
-                     is 0 and the maximum is 4; the default is  3.   In  addi-
-                     tion, the sum of lc and lp must not exceed 4.
-
-                     All  bytes  that cannot be encoded as matches are encoded
-                     as literals.  That is, literals are  simply  8-bit  bytes
-                     that are encoded one at a time.
-
-                     The  literal  coding makes an assumption that the highest
-                     lc bits of the previous uncompressed byte correlate  with
-                     the  next  byte.  E.g. in typical English text, an upper-
-                     case letter is often followed by a lower-case letter, and
-                     a lower-case letter is usually followed by another lower-
-                     case letter.  In the US-ASCII character set, the  highest
-                     three  bits  are  010  for upper-case letters and 011 for
-                     lower-case letters.  When lc is at least 3,  the  literal
-                     coding  can take advantage of this property in the uncom-
-                     pressed data.
-
-                     The default value (3) is usually good.  If you want maxi-
-                     mum compression, test lc=4.  Sometimes it helps a little,
-                     and sometimes it makes compression worse.  If it makes it
-                     worse, test e.g. lc=2 too.
-
-              lp=lp  Specify the number of literal position bits.  The minimum
-                     is 0 and the maximum is 4; the default is 0.
-
-                     Lp affects what kind of  alignment  in  the  uncompressed
-                     data is assumed when encoding literals.  See pb below for
-                     more information about alignment.
-
-              pb=pb  Specify the number of position bits.  The  minimum  is  0
-                     and the maximum is 4; the default is 2.
-
-                     Pb  affects  what  kind  of alignment in the uncompressed
-                     data is assumed in general.  The default means  four-byte
-                     alignment (2^pb=2^2=4), which is often a good choice when
-                     there's no better guess.
-
-                     When the aligment is known, setting  pb  accordingly  may
-                     reduce the file size a little.  E.g. with text files hav-
-                     ing one-byte  alignment  (US-ASCII,  ISO-8859-*,  UTF-8),
-                     setting  pb=0  can  improve  compression  slightly.   For
-                     UTF-16 text, pb=1 is a good choice.  If the alignment  is
-                     an  odd  number  like  3  bytes,  pb=0  might be the best
-                     choice.
-
-                     Even though the assumed alignment can be adjusted with pb
-                     and  lp,  LZMA1  and  LZMA2  still slightly favor 16-byte
-                     alignment.  It might be worth taking  into  account  when
-                     designing  file  formats that are likely to be often com-
-                     pressed with LZMA1 or LZMA2.
-
-              mf=mf  Match finder has a major effect on encoder speed,  memory
-                     usage,  and  compression ratio.  Usually Hash Chain match
-                     finders are faster than Binary Tree match  finders.   The
-                     default  depends  on the preset: 0 uses hc3, 1-3 use hc4,
-                     and the rest use bt4.
-
-                     The following match finders are  supported.   The  memory
-                     usage  formulas below are rough approximations, which are
-                     closest to the reality when dict is a power of two.
-
-                     hc3    Hash Chain with 2- and 3-byte hashing
-                            Minimum value for nice: 3
-                            Memory usage:
-                            dict * 7.5 (if dict <= 16 MiB);
-                            dict * 5.5 + 64 MiB (if dict > 16 MiB)
-
-                     hc4    Hash Chain with 2-, 3-, and 4-byte hashing
-                            Minimum value for nice: 4
-                            Memory usage:
-                            dict * 7.5 (if dict <= 32 MiB);
-                            dict * 6.5 (if dict > 32 MiB)
-
-                     bt2    Binary Tree with 2-byte hashing
-                            Minimum value for nice: 2
-                            Memory usage: dict * 9.5
-
-                     bt3    Binary Tree with 2- and 3-byte hashing
-                            Minimum value for nice: 3
-                            Memory usage:
-                            dict * 11.5 (if dict <= 16 MiB);
-                            dict * 9.5 + 64 MiB (if dict > 16 MiB)
-
-                     bt4    Binary Tree with 2-, 3-, and 4-byte hashing
-                            Minimum value for nice: 4
-                            Memory usage:
-                            dict * 11.5 (if dict <= 32 MiB);
-                            dict * 10.5 (if dict > 32 MiB)
-
-              mode=mode
-                     Compression mode specifies the method to analyze the data
-                     produced  by  the match finder.  Supported modes are fast
-                     and normal.  The default is fast for presets 0-3 and nor-
-                     mal for presets 4-9.
-
-                     Usually  fast  is  used with Hash Chain match finders and
-                     normal with Binary Tree match finders.  This is also what
-                     the presets do.
-
-              nice=nice
-                     Specify  what  is  considered  to  be a nice length for a
-                     match.  Once a match of at least nice bytes is found, the
-                     algorithm stops looking for possibly better matches.
-
-                     Nice can be 2-273 bytes.  Higher values tend to give bet-
-                     ter compression ratio  at  the  expense  of  speed.   The
-                     default depends on the preset.
-
-              depth=depth
-                     Specify  the  maximum  search  depth in the match finder.
-                     The default is the special value of 0,  which  makes  the
-                     compressor determine a reasonable depth from mf and nice.
-
-                     Reasonable depth for Hash Chains is 4-100 and 16-1000 for
-                     Binary Trees.  Using very high values for depth can  make
-                     the  encoder  extremely slow with some files.  Avoid set-
-                     ting the depth over  1000  unless  you  are  prepared  to
-                     interrupt  the  compression  in case it is taking far too
-                     long.
-
-              When decoding raw streams (--format=raw), LZMA2 needs  only  the
-              dictionary size.  LZMA1 needs also lc, lp, and pb.
-
-       --x86[=options]
-       --powerpc[=options]
-       --ia64[=options]
-       --arm[=options]
-       --armthumb[=options]
-       --sparc[=options]
-              Add  a branch/call/jump (BCJ) filter to the filter chain.  These
-              filters can be used only as a  non-last  filter  in  the  filter
-              chain.
-
-              A  BCJ filter converts relative addresses in the machine code to
-              their absolute counterparts.  This doesn't change  the  size  of
-              the  data,  but it increases redundancy, which can help LZMA2 to
-              produce 0-15 % smaller .xz file.  The  BCJ  filters  are  always
-              reversible, so using a BCJ filter for wrong type of data doesn't
-              cause any data loss, although it may make the compression  ratio
-              slightly worse.
-
-              It  is fine to apply a BCJ filter on a whole executable; there's
-              no need to apply it only on the executable section.  Applying  a
-              BCJ  filter on an archive that contains both executable and non-
-              executable files may or may not give good results, so it  gener-
-              ally  isn't  good to blindly apply a BCJ filter when compressing
-              binary packages for distribution.
-
-              These BCJ filters are very fast and use insignificant amount  of
-              memory.   If  a BCJ filter improves compression ratio of a file,
-              it can improve decompression speed at the same  time.   This  is
-              because,  on the same hardware, the decompression speed of LZMA2
-              is roughly a fixed number of bytes of compressed data  per  sec-
-              ond.
-
-              These BCJ filters have known problems related to the compression
-              ratio:
-
-              o  Some types of files containing executable code  (e.g.  object
-                 files,  static  libraries, and Linux kernel modules) have the
-                 addresses in the  instructions  filled  with  filler  values.
-                 These BCJ filters will still do the address conversion, which
-                 will make the compression worse with these files.
-
-              o  Applying a BCJ filter on an archive containing multiple simi-
-                 lar executables can make the compression ratio worse than not
-                 using a BCJ filter.  This is because the BCJ  filter  doesn't
-                 detect  the  boundaries  of the executable files, and doesn't
-                 reset the address conversion counter for each executable.
-
-              Both of the above problems will be fixed in the future in a  new
-              filter.   The  old  BCJ filters will still be useful in embedded
-              systems, because the decoder of the new filter  will  be  bigger
-              and use more memory.
-
-              Different instruction sets have have different alignment:
-
-                     Filter      Alignment   Notes
-                     x86             1       32-bit or 64-bit x86
-                     PowerPC         4       Big endian only
-                     ARM             4       Little endian only
-                     ARM-Thumb       2       Little endian only
-                     IA-64          16       Big or little endian
-                     SPARC           4       Big or little endian
-
-              Since  the  BCJ-filtered  data is usually compressed with LZMA2,
-              the compression ratio may be  improved  slightly  if  the  LZMA2
-              options  are set to match the alignment of the selected BCJ fil-
-              ter.  For example, with the IA-64 filter, it's good to set  pb=4
-              with  LZMA2 (2^4=16).  The x86 filter is an exception; it's usu-
-              ally good to stick to LZMA2's default four-byte  alignment  when
-              compressing x86 executables.
-
-              All BCJ filters support the same options:
-
-              start=offset
-                     Specify  the  start  offset  that is used when converting
-                     between relative and absolute addresses.  The offset must
-                     be a multiple of the alignment of the filter (see the ta-
-                     ble above).  The  default  is  zero.   In  practice,  the
-                     default  is  good;  specifying  a custom offset is almost
-                     never useful.
-
-       --delta[=options]
-              Add the Delta filter to the filter chain.  The Delta filter  can
-              be only used as a non-last filter in the filter chain.
-
-              Currently  only simple byte-wise delta calculation is supported.
-              It can be  useful  when  compressing  e.g.  uncompressed  bitmap
-              images  or  uncompressed  PCM  audio.   However, special purpose
-              algorithms may give significantly better results  than  Delta  +
-              LZMA2.   This  is  true  especially with audio, which compresses
-              faster and better e.g. with flac(1).
-
-              Supported options:
-
-              dist=distance
-                     Specify the distance of the delta calculation  in  bytes.
-                     distance must be 1-256.  The default is 1.
-
-                     For example, with dist=2 and eight-byte input A1 B1 A2 B3
-                     A3 B5 A4 B7, the output will be A1 B1 01 02 01 02 01 02.
-
-   Other options
-       -q, --quiet
-              Suppress warnings and notices.  Specify this twice  to  suppress
-              errors too.  This option has no effect on the exit status.  That
-              is, even if a warning was suppressed, the exit status  to  indi-
-              cate a warning is still used.
-
-       -v, --verbose
-              Be  verbose.   If  standard error is connected to a terminal, xz
-              will display a progress indicator.  Specifying  --verbose  twice
-              will give even more verbose output.
-
-              The progress indicator shows the following information:
-
-              o  Completion  percentage is shown if the size of the input file
-                 is known.  That is, the percentage cannot be shown in pipes.
-
-              o  Amount of compressed data produced (compressing) or  consumed
-                 (decompressing).
-
-              o  Amount  of  uncompressed  data consumed (compressing) or pro-
-                 duced (decompressing).
-
-              o  Compression ratio, which is calculated by dividing the amount
-                 of  compressed  data processed so far by the amount of uncom-
-                 pressed data processed so far.
-
-              o  Compression or decompression speed.  This is measured as  the
-                 amount  of  uncompressed  data consumed (compression) or pro-
-                 duced (decompression) per second.  It is shown  after  a  few
-                 seconds have passed since xz started processing the file.
-
-              o  Elapsed time in the format M:SS or H:MM:SS.
-
-              o  Estimated  remaining  time is shown only when the size of the
-                 input file is known and a  couple  of  seconds  have  already
-                 passed  since  xz  started  processing the file.  The time is
-                 shown in a less precise format which never  has  any  colons,
-                 e.g. 2 min 30 s.
-
-              When  standard  error  is not a terminal, --verbose will make xz
-              print the filename, compressed size, uncompressed size, compres-
-              sion  ratio,  and  possibly also the speed and elapsed time on a
-              single line to standard error after compressing or decompressing
-              the file.  The speed and elapsed time are included only when the
-              operation took at least a few seconds.  If the operation  didn't
-              finish,  e.g. due to user interruption, also the completion per-
-              centage is printed if the size of the input file is known.
-
-       -Q, --no-warn
-              Don't set the exit status to 2 even if a condition worth a warn-
-              ing  was  detected.   This  option  doesn't affect the verbosity
-              level, thus both --quiet and --no-warn have to be  used  to  not
-              display warnings and to not alter the exit status.
-
-       --robot
-              Print  messages  in a machine-parsable format.  This is intended
-              to ease writing  frontends  that  want  to  use  xz  instead  of
-              liblzma, which may be the case with various scripts.  The output
-              with this option  enabled  is  meant  to  be  stable  across  xz
-              releases.  See the section ROBOT MODE for details.
-
-       --info-memory
-              Display,  in  human-readable  format,  how  much physical memory
-              (RAM) xz thinks the system has and the memory usage  limits  for
-              compression and decompression, and exit successfully.
-
-       -h, --help
-              Display  a  help  message  describing  the  most  commonly  used
-              options, and exit successfully.
-
-       -H, --long-help
-              Display a help message describing all features of xz,  and  exit
-              successfully
-
-       -V, --version
-              Display  the  version number of xz and liblzma in human readable
-              format.  To get machine-parsable output, specify --robot  before
-              --version.
-
-ROBOT MODE
-       The robot mode is activated with the --robot option.  It makes the out-
-       put of xz easier to parse by other programs.  Currently --robot is sup-
-       ported  only  together  with  --version, --info-memory, and --list.  It
-       will be supported for compression and decompression in the future.
-
-   Version
-       xz --robot --version will print the version number of xz and liblzma in
-       the following format:
-
-       XZ_VERSION=XYYYZZZS
-       LIBLZMA_VERSION=XYYYZZZS
-
-       X      Major version.
-
-       YYY    Minor  version.  Even numbers are stable.  Odd numbers are alpha
-              or beta versions.
-
-       ZZZ    Patch level for stable releases or just a counter  for  develop-
-              ment releases.
-
-       S      Stability.  0 is alpha, 1 is beta, and 2 is stable.  S should be
-              always 2 when YYY is even.
-
-       XYYYZZZS are the same on both lines if xz and liblzma are from the same
-       XZ Utils release.
-
-       Examples: 4.999.9beta is 49990091 and 5.0.0 is 50000002.
-
-   Memory limit information
-       xz  --robot --info-memory prints a single line with three tab-separated
-       columns:
-
-       1.  Total amount of physical memory (RAM) in bytes
-
-       2.  Memory usage limit for compression in bytes.  A  special  value  of
-           zero  indicates the default setting, which for single-threaded mode
-           is the same as no limit.
-
-       3.  Memory usage limit for decompression in bytes.  A special value  of
-           zero  indicates the default setting, which for single-threaded mode
-           is the same as no limit.
-
-       In the future, the output of xz --robot  --info-memory  may  have  more
-       columns, but never more than a single line.
-
-   List mode
-       xz --robot --list uses tab-separated output.  The first column of every
-       line has a string that indicates the type of the information  found  on
-       that line:
-
-       name   This is always the first line when starting to list a file.  The
-              second column on the line is the filename.
-
-       file   This line contains overall information about the .xz file.  This
-              line is always printed after the name line.
-
-       stream This line type is used only when --verbose was specified.  There
-              are as many stream lines as there are streams in the .xz file.
-
-       block  This line type is used only when --verbose was specified.  There
-              are  as  many  block  lines as there are blocks in the .xz file.
-              The block lines are shown after all the stream lines;  different
-              line types are not interleaved.
-
-       summary
-              This  line type is used only when --verbose was specified twice.
-              This line is printed after all block lines.  Like the file line,
-              the  summary  line  contains  overall  information about the .xz
-              file.
-
-       totals This line is always the very last line of the list  output.   It
-              shows the total counts and sizes.
-
-       The columns of the file lines:
-              2.  Number of streams in the file
-              3.  Total number of blocks in the stream(s)
-              4.  Compressed size of the file
-              5.  Uncompressed size of the file
-              6.  Compression  ratio,  for  example  0.123.   If ratio is over
-                  9.999, three dashes  (---)  are  displayed  instead  of  the
-                  ratio.
-              7.  Comma-separated  list of integrity check names.  The follow-
-                  ing strings are used for the known check types: None, CRC32,
-                  CRC64,  and  SHA-256.  For unknown check types, Unknown-N is
-                  used, where N is the Check ID as a decimal  number  (one  or
-                  two digits).
-              8.  Total size of stream padding in the file
-
-       The columns of the stream lines:
-              2.  Stream number (the first stream is 1)
-              3.  Number of blocks in the stream
-              4.  Compressed start offset
-              5.  Uncompressed start offset
-              6.  Compressed size (does not include stream padding)
-              7.  Uncompressed size
-              8.  Compression ratio
-              9.  Name of the integrity check
-              10. Size of stream padding
-
-       The columns of the block lines:
-              2.  Number of the stream containing this block
-              3.  Block  number  relative  to the beginning of the stream (the
-                  first block is 1)
-              4.  Block number relative to the beginning of the file
-              5.  Compressed start offset relative to  the  beginning  of  the
-                  file
-              6.  Uncompressed  start  offset relative to the beginning of the
-                  file
-              7.  Total compressed size of the block (includes headers)
-              8.  Uncompressed size
-              9.  Compression ratio
-              10. Name of the integrity check
-
-       If --verbose was specified twice, additional columns  are  included  on
-       the  block  lines.   These  are  not displayed with a single --verbose,
-       because getting this information requires many seeks and  can  thus  be
-       slow:
-              11. Value of the integrity check in hexadecimal
-              12. Block header size
-              13. Block  flags:  c  indicates that compressed size is present,
-                  and u indicates that uncompressed size is present.   If  the
-                  flag  is  not  set,  a dash (-) is shown instead to keep the
-                  string length fixed.  New flags may be added to the  end  of
-                  the string in the future.
-              14. Size  of  the  actual  compressed  data  in  the block (this
-                  excludes the block header, block padding, and check fields)
-              15. Amount of memory (in  bytes)  required  to  decompress  this
-                  block with this xz version
-              16. Filter  chain.   Note  that most of the options used at com-
-                  pression time cannot be known, because only the options that
-                  are needed for decompression are stored in the .xz headers.
-
-       The columns of the summary lines:
-              2.  Amount of memory (in bytes) required to decompress this file
-                  with this xz version
-              3.  yes or no indicating if all block  headers  have  both  com-
-                  pressed size and uncompressed size stored in them
-              Since xz 5.1.2alpha:
-              4.  Minimum xz version required to decompress the file
-
-       The columns of the totals line:
-              2.  Number of streams
-              3.  Number of blocks
-              4.  Compressed size
-              5.  Uncompressed size
-              6.  Average compression ratio
-              7.  Comma-separated  list  of  integrity  check  names that were
-                  present in the files
-              8.  Stream padding size
-              9.  Number of files.  This is here to keep the order of the ear-
-                  lier columns the same as on file lines.
-
-       If  --verbose  was  specified twice, additional columns are included on
-       the totals line:
-              10. Maximum amount of memory (in bytes) required  to  decompress
-                  the files with this xz version
-              11. yes  or  no  indicating  if all block headers have both com-
-                  pressed size and uncompressed size stored in them
-              Since xz 5.1.2alpha:
-              12. Minimum xz version required to decompress the file
-
-       Future versions may add new line types and new columns can be added  to
-       the existing line types, but the existing columns won't be changed.
-
-EXIT STATUS
-       0      All is good.
-
-       1      An error occurred.
-
-       2      Something  worth  a  warning  occurred,  but  no  actual  errors
-              occurred.
-
-       Notices (not warnings or errors) printed on standard error don't affect
-       the exit status.
-
-ENVIRONMENT
-       xz  parses  space-separated lists of options from the environment vari-
-       ables XZ_DEFAULTS and XZ_OPT, in this order, before parsing the options
-       from  the  command  line.   Note  that only options are parsed from the
-       environment variables; all non-options are silently  ignored.   Parsing
-       is  done  with  getopt_long(3)  which is used also for the command line
-       arguments.
-
-       XZ_DEFAULTS
-              User-specific or system-wide default options.  Typically this is
-              set in a shell initialization script to enable xz's memory usage
-              limiter by default.  Excluding shell initialization scripts  and
-              similar   special   cases,  scripts  must  never  set  or  unset
-              XZ_DEFAULTS.
-
-       XZ_OPT This is for passing options to xz when it is not possible to set
-              the  options  directly on the xz command line.  This is the case
-              e.g. when xz is run by a script or tool, e.g. GNU tar(1):
-
-                     XZ_OPT=-2v tar caf foo.tar.xz foo
-
-              Scripts may use XZ_OPT e.g. to set script-specific default  com-
-              pression  options.   It  is  still recommended to allow users to
-              override XZ_OPT if that is reasonable, e.g. in sh(1) scripts one
-              may use something like this:
-
-                     XZ_OPT=${XZ_OPT-"-7e"}
-                     export XZ_OPT
-
-LZMA UTILS COMPATIBILITY
-       The  command  line  syntax  of  xz  is  practically a superset of lzma,
-       unlzma, and lzcat as found from LZMA Utils 4.32.x.  In most  cases,  it
-       is possible to replace LZMA Utils with XZ Utils without breaking exist-
-       ing scripts.  There are some incompatibilities though, which may  some-
-       times cause problems.
-
-   Compression preset levels
-       The  numbering  of the compression level presets is not identical in xz
-       and LZMA Utils.  The most important difference is how dictionary  sizes
-       are  mapped  to different presets.  Dictionary size is roughly equal to
-       the decompressor memory usage.
-
-              Level     xz      LZMA Utils
-               -0     256 KiB      N/A
-               -1       1 MiB     64 KiB
-               -2       2 MiB      1 MiB
-               -3       4 MiB    512 KiB
-               -4       4 MiB      1 MiB
-               -5       8 MiB      2 MiB
-               -6       8 MiB      4 MiB
-               -7      16 MiB      8 MiB
-               -8      32 MiB     16 MiB
-               -9      64 MiB     32 MiB
-
-       The dictionary size differences affect the compressor memory usage too,
-       but  there  are some other differences between LZMA Utils and XZ Utils,
-       which make the difference even bigger:
-
-              Level     xz      LZMA Utils 4.32.x
-               -0       3 MiB          N/A
-               -1       9 MiB          2 MiB
-               -2      17 MiB         12 MiB
-               -3      32 MiB         12 MiB
-               -4      48 MiB         16 MiB
-               -5      94 MiB         26 MiB
-               -6      94 MiB         45 MiB
-               -7     186 MiB         83 MiB
-               -8     370 MiB        159 MiB
-               -9     674 MiB        311 MiB
-
-       The default preset level in LZMA Utils is -7 while in XZ  Utils  it  is
-       -6, so both use an 8 MiB dictionary by default.
-
-   Streamed vs. non-streamed .lzma files
-       The  uncompressed  size  of the file can be stored in the .lzma header.
-       LZMA Utils does that when compressing regular files.   The  alternative
-       is  to  mark  that  uncompressed size is unknown and use end-of-payload
-       marker to indicate where the decompressor should stop.  LZMA Utils uses
-       this  method  when uncompressed size isn't known, which is the case for
-       example in pipes.
-
-       xz supports decompressing .lzma files with  or  without  end-of-payload
-       marker,  but  all  .lzma  files  created  by xz will use end-of-payload
-       marker and have uncompressed  size  marked  as  unknown  in  the  .lzma
-       header.   This may be a problem in some uncommon situations.  For exam-
-       ple, a .lzma decompressor in an embedded device might  work  only  with
-       files  that have known uncompressed size.  If you hit this problem, you
-       need to use LZMA Utils or LZMA SDK to create  .lzma  files  with  known
-       uncompressed size.
-
-   Unsupported .lzma files
-       The .lzma format allows lc values up to 8, and lp values up to 4.  LZMA
-       Utils can decompress files with any lc and lp, but always creates files
-       with  lc=3  and  lp=0.  Creating files with other lc and lp is possible
-       with xz and with LZMA SDK.
-
-       The implementation of the LZMA1 filter in liblzma requires that the sum
-       of  lc  and lp must not exceed 4.  Thus, .lzma files, which exceed this
-       limitation, cannot be decompressed with xz.
-
-       LZMA Utils creates only .lzma files which have a dictionary size of 2^n
-       (a  power  of  2)  but accepts files with any dictionary size.  liblzma
-       accepts only .lzma files which have a dictionary size of 2^n or  2^n  +
-       2^(n-1).   This  is  to  decrease  false positives when detecting .lzma
-       files.
-
-       These limitations shouldn't be a problem in practice, since practically
-       all  .lzma  files  have been compressed with settings that liblzma will
-       accept.
-
-   Trailing garbage
-       When decompressing, LZMA Utils silently  ignore  everything  after  the
-       first  .lzma  stream.   In  most  situations, this is a bug.  This also
-       means that LZMA Utils don't support  decompressing  concatenated  .lzma
-       files.
-
-       If  there  is  data left after the first .lzma stream, xz considers the
-       file to be corrupt unless --single-stream was  used.   This  may  break
-       obscure scripts which have assumed that trailing garbage is ignored.
-
-NOTES
-   Compressed output may vary
-       The  exact  compressed output produced from the same uncompressed input
-       file may vary between XZ Utils versions even if compression options are
-       identical.  This is because the encoder can be improved (faster or bet-
-       ter compression) without affecting the file  format.   The  output  can
-       vary  even  between  different  builds of the same XZ Utils version, if
-       different build options are used.
-
-       The above means that once --rsyncable has been implemented, the result-
-       ing  files won't necessarily be rsyncable unless both old and new files
-       have been compressed with the same xz version.   This  problem  can  be
-       fixed if a part of the encoder implementation is frozen to keep rsynca-
-       ble output stable across xz versions.
-
-   Embedded .xz decompressors
-       Embedded .xz decompressor implementations like XZ Embedded don't neces-
-       sarily support files created with integrity check types other than none
-       and  crc32.   Since  the  default  is  --check=crc64,  you   must   use
-       --check=none or --check=crc32 when creating files for embedded systems.
-
-       Outside  embedded systems, all .xz format decompressors support all the
-       check types, or at least are able to decompress the file without  veri-
-       fying the integrity check if the particular check is not supported.
-
-       XZ  Embedded supports BCJ filters, but only with the default start off-
-       set.
-
-EXAMPLES
-   Basics
-       Compress the file foo into foo.xz using the default  compression  level
-       (-6), and remove foo if compression is successful:
-
-              xz foo
-
-       Decompress  bar.xz  into bar and don't remove bar.xz even if decompres-
-       sion is successful:
-
-              xz -dk bar.xz
-
-       Create baz.tar.xz with the preset -4e (-4 --extreme), which  is  slower
-       than  e.g.  the  default  -6, but needs less memory for compression and
-       decompression (48 MiB and 5 MiB, respectively):
-
-              tar cf - baz | xz -4e > baz.tar.xz
-
-       A mix of compressed and uncompressed files can be decompressed to stan-
-       dard output with a single command:
-
-              xz -dcf a.txt b.txt.xz c.txt d.txt.lzma > abcd.txt
-
-   Parallel compression of many files
-       On  GNU  and *BSD, find(1) and xargs(1) can be used to parallelize com-
-       pression of many files:
-
-              find . -type f \! -name '*.xz' -print0 \
-                  | xargs -0r -P4 -n16 xz -T1
-
-       The -P option to xargs(1) sets the number  of  parallel  xz  processes.
-       The best value for the -n option depends on how many files there are to
-       be compressed.  If there are only a couple of files, the  value  should
-       probably be 1; with tens of thousands of files, 100 or even more may be
-       appropriate to reduce the number of xz  processes  that  xargs(1)  will
-       eventually create.
-
-       The  option  -T1  for  xz is there to force it to single-threaded mode,
-       because xargs(1) is used to control the amount of parallelization.
-
-   Robot mode
-       Calculate how many bytes have been saved  in  total  after  compressing
-       multiple files:
-
-              xz --robot --list *.xz | awk '/^totals/{print $5-$4}'
-
-       A  script may want to know that it is using new enough xz.  The follow-
-       ing sh(1) script checks that the version number of the xz  tool  is  at
-       least  5.0.0.   This method is compatible with old beta versions, which
-       didn't support the --robot option:
-
-              if ! eval "$(xz --robot --version 2> /dev/null)" ||
-                      [ "$XZ_VERSION" -lt 50000002 ]; then
-                  echo "Your xz is too old."
-              fi
-              unset XZ_VERSION LIBLZMA_VERSION
-
-       Set a memory usage limit for decompression using XZ_OPT, but if a limit
-       has already been set, don't increase it:
-
-              NEWLIM=$((123 << 20))  # 123 MiB
-              OLDLIM=$(xz --robot --info-memory | cut -f3)
-              if [ $OLDLIM -eq 0 -o $OLDLIM -gt $NEWLIM ]; then
-                  XZ_OPT="$XZ_OPT --memlimit-decompress=$NEWLIM"
-                  export XZ_OPT
-              fi
-
-   Custom compressor filter chains
-       The  simplest  use for custom filter chains is customizing a LZMA2 pre-
-       set.  This can be useful, because the presets cover only  a  subset  of
-       the potentially useful combinations of compression settings.
-
-       The  CompCPU columns of the tables from the descriptions of the options
-       -0 ... -9 and --extreme are  useful  when  customizing  LZMA2  presets.
-       Here are the relevant parts collected from those two tables:
-
-              Preset   CompCPU
-               -0         0
-               -1         1
-
-               -2         2
-               -3         3
-               -4         4
-               -5         5
-               -6         6
-               -5e        7
-               -6e        8
-
-       If  you know that a file requires somewhat big dictionary (e.g. 32 MiB)
-       to compress well, but you want to compress it quicker than xz -8  would
-       do, a preset with a low CompCPU value (e.g. 1) can be modified to use a
-       bigger dictionary:
-
-              xz --lzma2=preset=1,dict=32MiB foo.tar
-
-       With certain files, the above command may be faster than  xz  -6  while
-       compressing  significantly better.  However, it must be emphasized that
-       only some files benefit from a big dictionary while keeping the CompCPU
-       value low.  The most obvious situation, where a big dictionary can help
-       a lot, is an archive containing very similar files of at  least  a  few
-       megabytes  each.   The  dictionary  size has to be significantly bigger
-       than any individual file to allow LZMA2 to take full advantage  of  the
-       similarities between consecutive files.
-
-       If  very high compressor and decompressor memory usage is fine, and the
-       file being compressed is at least several hundred megabytes, it may  be
-       useful  to  use  an  even  bigger dictionary than the 64 MiB that xz -9
-       would use:
-
-              xz -vv --lzma2=dict=192MiB big_foo.tar
-
-       Using -vv (--verbose --verbose) like in the above example can be useful
-       to  see  the  memory  requirements  of the compressor and decompressor.
-       Remember that using a dictionary bigger than the  size  of  the  uncom-
-       pressed  file is waste of memory, so the above command isn't useful for
-       small files.
-
-       Sometimes the compression time doesn't  matter,  but  the  decompressor
-       memory  usage has to be kept low e.g. to make it possible to decompress
-       the file on an embedded system.  The following  command  uses  -6e  (-6
-       --extreme)  as  a  base  and  sets  the dictionary to only 64 KiB.  The
-       resulting file can be decompressed with XZ Embedded (that's  why  there
-       is --check=crc32) using about 100 KiB of memory.
-
-              xz --check=crc32 --lzma2=preset=6e,dict=64KiB foo
-
-       If  you  want  to  squeeze out as many bytes as possible, adjusting the
-       number of literal context bits (lc) and number of  position  bits  (pb)
-       can sometimes help.  Adjusting the number of literal position bits (lp)
-       might help too, but usually lc and  pb  are  more  important.   E.g.  a
-       source  code  archive  contains mostly US-ASCII text, so something like
-       the following might give slightly (like 0.1 %) smaller file than xz -6e
-       (try also without lc=4):
-
-              xz --lzma2=preset=6e,pb=0,lc=4 source_code.tar
-
-       Using  another  filter together with LZMA2 can improve compression with
-       certain file types.  E.g. to compress a x86-32 or x86-64 shared library
-       using the x86 BCJ filter:
-
-              xz --x86 --lzma2 libfoo.so
-
-       Note  that the order of the filter options is significant.  If --x86 is
-       specified after --lzma2, xz will give an error, because there cannot be
-       any  filter  after LZMA2, and also because the x86 BCJ filter cannot be
-       used as the last filter in the chain.
-
-       The Delta filter together with LZMA2 can give good results with  bitmap
-       images.  It should usually beat PNG, which has a few more advanced fil-
-       ters than simple delta but uses Deflate for the actual compression.
-
-       The image has to be saved in uncompressed format, e.g. as  uncompressed
-       TIFF.   The  distance parameter of the Delta filter is set to match the
-       number of bytes per pixel in the image.  E.g. 24-bit RGB  bitmap  needs
-       dist=3,  and  it  is also good to pass pb=0 to LZMA2 to accommodate the
-       three-byte alignment:
-
-              xz --delta=dist=3 --lzma2=pb=0 foo.tiff
-
-       If multiple images have been put into a single archive (e.g. .tar), the
-       Delta  filter will work on that too as long as all images have the same
-       number of bytes per pixel.
-
-SEE ALSO
-       xzdec(1),  xzdiff(1),   xzgrep(1),   xzless(1),   xzmore(1),   gzip(1),
-       bzip2(1), 7z(1)
-
-       XZ Utils: <http://tukaani.org/xz/>
-       XZ Embedded: <http://tukaani.org/xz/embedded.html>
-       LZMA SDK: <http://7-zip.org/sdk.html>
-
-
-
-Tukaani                           2015-05-11                             XZ(1)