melonjs 14.0.2 → 14.1.0

package/dist/melonjs.mjs/physics/sat.js

@@ -0,0 +1,483 @@
+/*!
+ * melonJS Game Engine - v14.1.0
+ * http://www.melonjs.org
+ * melonjs is licensed under the MIT License.
+ * http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license
+ * @copyright (C) 2011 - 2022 Olivier Biot (AltByte Pte Ltd)
+ */
+import Vector2d from '../math/vector2.js';
+
+/*
+* Separating Axis Theorem implementation, based on the SAT.js library by Jim Riecken <jimr@jimr.ca>
+* Available under the MIT License - https://github.com/jriecken/sat-js
+*/
+
+/**
+ * Constants for Vornoi regions
+ * @ignore
+ */
+const LEFT_VORNOI_REGION = -1;
+
+/**
+ * Constants for Vornoi regions
+ * @ignore
+ */
+const MIDDLE_VORNOI_REGION = 0;
+
+/**
+ * Constants for Vornoi regions
+ * @ignore
+ */
+const RIGHT_VORNOI_REGION = 1;
+
+
+/**
+ * A pool of `Vector` objects that are used in calculations to avoid allocating memory.
+ * @type {Array.<Vector2d>}
+ * @ignore
+ */
+var T_VECTORS = [];
+for (var v = 0; v < 10; v++) { T_VECTORS.push(new Vector2d()); }
+
+/**
+ * A pool of arrays of numbers used in calculations to avoid allocating memory.
+ * @type {Array.<Array.<number>>}
+ * @ignore
+ */
+var T_ARRAYS = [];
+for (var a = 0; a < 5; a++) { T_ARRAYS.push([]); }
+
+
+/**
+ * Flattens the specified array of points onto a unit vector axis,
+ * resulting in a one dimensional range of the minimum and
+ * maximum value on that axis.
+ * @ignore
+ * @param {Array.<Vector2d>} points - The points to flatten.
+ * @param {Vector2d} normal - The unit vector axis to flatten on.
+ * @param {Array.<number>} result - An array.  After calling this function,
+ *   result[0] will be the minimum value,
+ *   result[1] will be the maximum value.
+ */
+function flattenPointsOn(points, normal, result) {
+    var min = Number.MAX_VALUE;
+    var max = -Number.MAX_VALUE;
+    var len = points.length;
+    for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+        // The magnitude of the projection of the point onto the normal
+        var dot = points[i].dot(normal);
+        if (dot < min) { min = dot; }
+        if (dot > max) { max = dot; }
+    }
+    result[0] = min;
+    result[1] = max;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check whether two convex polygons are separated by the specified
+ * axis (must be a unit vector).
+ * @ignore
+ * @param {Vector2d} aPos - The position of the first polygon.
+ * @param {Vector2d} bPos - The position of the second polygon.
+ * @param {Array.<Vector2d>} aPoints - The points in the first polygon.
+ * @param {Array.<Vector2d>} bPoints - The points in the second polygon.
+ * @param {Vector2d} axis - The axis (unit sized) to test against.  The points of both polygons
+ *   will be projected onto this axis.
+ * @param {Response=} response - A Response object (optional) which will be populated
+ *   if the axis is not a separating axis.
+ * @returns {boolean} true if it is a separating axis, false otherwise.  If false,
+ *   and a response is passed in, information about how much overlap and
+ *   the direction of the overlap will be populated.
+ */
+function isSeparatingAxis(aPos, bPos, aPoints, bPoints, axis, response) {
+    var rangeA = T_ARRAYS.pop();
+    var rangeB = T_ARRAYS.pop();
+    // The magnitude of the offset between the two polygons
+    var offsetV = T_VECTORS.pop().copy(bPos).sub(aPos);
+    var projectedOffset = offsetV.dot(axis);
+
+    // Project the polygons onto the axis.
+    flattenPointsOn(aPoints, axis, rangeA);
+    flattenPointsOn(bPoints, axis, rangeB);
+    // Move B's range to its position relative to A.
+    rangeB[0] += projectedOffset;
+    rangeB[1] += projectedOffset;
+    // Check if there is a gap. If there is, this is a separating axis and we can stop
+    if (rangeA[0] > rangeB[1] || rangeB[0] > rangeA[1]) {
+        T_VECTORS.push(offsetV);
+        T_ARRAYS.push(rangeA);
+        T_ARRAYS.push(rangeB);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // This is not a separating axis. If we're calculating a response, calculate the overlap.
+    if (response) {
+        var overlap = 0;
+        // A starts further left than B
+        if (rangeA[0] < rangeB[0]) {
+            response.aInB = false;
+            // A ends before B does. We have to pull A out of B
+            if (rangeA[1] < rangeB[1]) {
+                overlap = rangeA[1] - rangeB[0];
+                response.bInA = false;
+            // B is fully inside A.  Pick the shortest way out.
+            } else {
+                var option1 = rangeA[1] - rangeB[0];
+                var option2 = rangeB[1] - rangeA[0];
+                overlap = option1 < option2 ? option1 : -option2;
+            }
+        // B starts further left than A
+        } else {
+            response.bInA = false;
+            // B ends before A ends. We have to push A out of B
+            if (rangeA[1] > rangeB[1]) {
+                overlap = rangeA[0] - rangeB[1];
+                response.aInB = false;
+            // A is fully inside B.  Pick the shortest way out.
+            } else {
+                var option11 = rangeA[1] - rangeB[0];
+                var option22 = rangeB[1] - rangeA[0];
+                overlap = option11 < option22 ? option11 : -option22;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // If this is the smallest amount of overlap we've seen so far, set it as the minimum overlap.
+        var absOverlap = Math.abs(overlap);
+        if (absOverlap < response.overlap) {
+            response.overlap = absOverlap;
+            response.overlapN.copy(axis);
+            if (overlap < 0) {
+                response.overlapN.negateSelf();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    T_VECTORS.push(offsetV);
+    T_ARRAYS.push(rangeA);
+    T_ARRAYS.push(rangeB);
+    return false;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Calculates which Vornoi region a point is on a line segment. <br>
+ * It is assumed that both the line and the point are relative to `(0,0)`<br>
+ * <pre>
+ *             |       (0)      |
+ *      (-1)  [S]--------------[E]  (1)
+ *             |       (0)      |
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @ignore
+ * @param {Vector2d} line - The line segment.
+ * @param {Vector2d} point - The point.
+ * @returns  {number} LEFT_VORNOI_REGION (-1) if it is the left region,
+ *          MIDDLE_VORNOI_REGION (0) if it is the middle region,
+ *          RIGHT_VORNOI_REGION (1) if it is the right region.
+ */
+function vornoiRegion(line, point) {
+    var len2 = line.length2();
+    var dp = point.dot(line);
+    if (dp < 0) {
+        // If the point is beyond the start of the line, it is in the
+        // left vornoi region.
+        return LEFT_VORNOI_REGION;
+    } else if (dp > len2) {
+        // If the point is beyond the end of the line, it is in the
+        // right vornoi region.
+        return RIGHT_VORNOI_REGION;
+    } else {
+        // Otherwise, it's in the middle one.
+        return MIDDLE_VORNOI_REGION;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks whether polygons collide.
+ * @ignore
+ * @param {Renderable} a - a reference to the object A.
+ * @param {Polygon} polyA - a reference to the object A Polygon to be tested
+ * @param {Renderable} b - a reference to the object B.
+ * @param {Polygon} polyB - a reference to the object B Polygon to be tested
+ * @param {Response=} response - Response object (optional) that will be populated if they intersect.
+ * @returns {boolean} true if they intersect, false if they don't.
+ */
+function testPolygonPolygon(a, polyA, b, polyB, response) {
+    // specific point for
+    var aPoints = polyA.points;
+    var aNormals = polyA.normals;
+    var aLen = aNormals.length;
+    var bPoints = polyB.points;
+    var bNormals = polyB.normals;
+    var bLen = bNormals.length;
+    // aboslute shape position
+    var posA = T_VECTORS.pop().copy(a.pos).add(a.ancestor.getAbsolutePosition()).add(polyA.pos);
+    var posB = T_VECTORS.pop().copy(b.pos).add(b.ancestor.getAbsolutePosition()).add(polyB.pos);
+    var i;
+
+    // If any of the edge normals of A is a separating axis, no intersection.
+    for (i = 0; i < aLen; i++) {
+        if (isSeparatingAxis(posA, posB, aPoints, bPoints, aNormals[i], response)) {
+            T_VECTORS.push(posA);
+            T_VECTORS.push(posB);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // If any of the edge normals of B is a separating axis, no intersection.
+    for (i = 0; i < bLen; i++) {
+        if (isSeparatingAxis(posA, posB, aPoints, bPoints, bNormals[i], response)) {
+            T_VECTORS.push(posA);
+            T_VECTORS.push(posB);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Since none of the edge normals of A or B are a separating axis, there is an intersection
+    // and we've already calculated the smallest overlap (in isSeparatingAxis).  Calculate the
+    // final overlap vector.
+    if (response) {
+        response.a = a;
+        response.b = b;
+        response.overlapV.copy(response.overlapN).scale(response.overlap);
+    }
+    T_VECTORS.push(posA);
+    T_VECTORS.push(posB);
+    return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if two Ellipse collide.
+ * @ignore
+ * @param {Renderable} a - a reference to the object A.
+ * @param {Ellipse} ellipseA - a reference to the object A Ellipse to be tested
+ * @param {Renderable} b - a reference to the object B.
+ * @param {Ellipse} ellipseB - a reference to the object B Ellipse to be tested
+ * @param {Response=} response - Response object (optional) that will be populated if
+ *   the circles intersect.
+ * @returns {boolean} true if the circles intersect, false if they don't.
+ */
+function testEllipseEllipse(a, ellipseA, b, ellipseB, response) {
+    // Check if the distance between the centers of the two
+    // circles is greater than their combined radius.
+    var differenceV = T_VECTORS.pop().copy(b.pos).add(b.ancestor.getAbsolutePosition()).add(ellipseB.pos)
+        .sub(a.pos).add(a.ancestor.getAbsolutePosition()).sub(ellipseA.pos);
+    var radiusA = ellipseA.radius;
+    var radiusB = ellipseB.radius;
+    var totalRadius = radiusA + radiusB;
+    var totalRadiusSq = totalRadius * totalRadius;
+    var distanceSq = differenceV.length2();
+    // If the distance is bigger than the combined radius, they don't intersect.
+    if (distanceSq > totalRadiusSq) {
+        T_VECTORS.push(differenceV);
+        return false;
+    }
+    // They intersect.  If we're calculating a response, calculate the overlap.
+    if (response) {
+        var dist = Math.sqrt(distanceSq);
+        response.a = a;
+        response.b = b;
+        response.overlap = totalRadius - dist;
+        response.overlapN.copy(differenceV.normalize());
+        response.overlapV.copy(differenceV).scale(response.overlap);
+        response.aInB = radiusA <= radiusB && dist <= radiusB - radiusA;
+        response.bInA = radiusB <= radiusA && dist <= radiusA - radiusB;
+    }
+    T_VECTORS.push(differenceV);
+    return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if a polygon and an ellipse collide.
+ * @ignore
+ * @param {Renderable} a - a reference to the object A.
+ * @param {Polygon} polyA - a reference to the object A Polygon to be tested
+ * @param {Renderable} b - a reference to the object B.
+ * @param {Ellipse} ellipseB - a reference to the object B Ellipse to be tested
+ * @param {Response=} response - Response object (optional) that will be populated if they intersect.
+ * @returns {boolean} true if they intersect, false if they don't.
+ */
+function testPolygonEllipse(a, polyA, b, ellipseB, response) {
+    // Get the position of the circle relative to the polygon.
+    var circlePos = T_VECTORS.pop().copy(b.pos).add(b.ancestor.getAbsolutePosition()).add(ellipseB.pos)
+        .sub(a.pos).add(a.ancestor.getAbsolutePosition()).sub(polyA.pos);
+    var radius = ellipseB.radius;
+    var radius2 = radius * radius;
+    var points = polyA.points;
+    var edges = polyA.edges;
+    var len = edges.length;
+    var edge = T_VECTORS.pop();
+    var normal = T_VECTORS.pop();
+    var point = T_VECTORS.pop();
+    var dist = 0;
+
+    // For each edge in the polygon:
+    for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+        var next = i === len - 1 ? 0 : i + 1;
+        var prev = i === 0 ? len - 1 : i - 1;
+        var overlap = 0;
+        var overlapN = null;
+
+        // Get the edge.
+        edge.copy(edges[i]);
+        // Calculate the center of the circle relative to the starting point of the edge.
+        point.copy(circlePos).sub(points[i]);
+
+        // If the distance between the center of the circle and the point
+        // is bigger than the radius, the polygon is definitely not fully in
+        // the circle.
+        if (response && point.length2() > radius2) {
+            response.aInB = false;
+        }
+
+        // Calculate which Vornoi region the center of the circle is in.
+        var region = vornoiRegion(edge, point);
+        var inRegion = true;
+        // If it's the left region:
+        if (region === LEFT_VORNOI_REGION) {
+            var point2 = null;
+            if (len > 1) {
+                // We need to make sure we're in the RIGHT_VORNOI_REGION of the previous edge.
+                edge.copy(edges[prev]);
+                // Calculate the center of the circle relative the starting point of the previous edge
+                point2 = T_VECTORS.pop().copy(circlePos).sub(points[prev]);
+                region = vornoiRegion(edge, point2);
+                if (region !== RIGHT_VORNOI_REGION) {
+                    inRegion = false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (inRegion) {
+                // It's in the region we want.  Check if the circle intersects the point.
+                dist = point.length();
+                if (dist > radius) {
+                    // No intersection
+                    T_VECTORS.push(circlePos);
+                    T_VECTORS.push(edge);
+                    T_VECTORS.push(normal);
+                    T_VECTORS.push(point);
+                    if (point2) {
+                        T_VECTORS.push(point2);
+                    }
+                    return false;
+                } else if (response) {
+                    // It intersects, calculate the overlap.
+                    response.bInA = false;
+                    overlapN = point.normalize();
+                    overlap = radius - dist;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (point2) {
+                T_VECTORS.push(point2);
+            }
+        // If it's the right region:
+        } else if (region === RIGHT_VORNOI_REGION) {
+            if (len > 1) {
+                // We need to make sure we're in the left region on the next edge
+                edge.copy(edges[next]);
+                // Calculate the center of the circle relative to the starting point of the next edge.
+                point.copy(circlePos).sub(points[next]);
+                region = vornoiRegion(edge, point);
+                if (region !== LEFT_VORNOI_REGION) {
+                    inRegion = false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (inRegion) {
+                // It's in the region we want.  Check if the circle intersects the point.
+                dist = point.length();
+                if (dist > radius) {
+                    // No intersection
+                    T_VECTORS.push(circlePos);
+                    T_VECTORS.push(edge);
+                    T_VECTORS.push(normal);
+                    T_VECTORS.push(point);
+                    return false;
+                } else if (response) {
+                    // It intersects, calculate the overlap.
+                    response.bInA = false;
+                    overlapN = point.normalize();
+                    overlap = radius - dist;
+                }
+            }
+        // Otherwise, it's the middle region:
+        } else {
+            // Need to check if the circle is intersecting the edge,
+            // Get the normal.
+            normal.copy(polyA.normals[i]);
+            // Find the perpendicular distance between the center of the
+            // circle and the edge.
+            dist = point.dot(normal);
+            var distAbs = Math.abs(dist);
+            // If the circle is on the outside of the edge, there is no intersection.
+            if ((len === 1 || dist > 0) && distAbs > radius) {
+                // No intersection
+                T_VECTORS.push(circlePos);
+                T_VECTORS.push(edge);
+                T_VECTORS.push(normal);
+                T_VECTORS.push(point);
+                return false;
+            } else if (response) {
+                // It intersects, calculate the overlap.
+                overlapN = normal;
+                overlap = radius - dist;
+                // If the center of the circle is on the outside of the edge, or part of the
+                // circle is on the outside, the circle is not fully inside the polygon.
+                if (dist >= 0 || overlap < 2 * radius) {
+                    response.bInA = false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // If this is the smallest overlap we've seen, keep it.
+        // (overlapN may be null if the circle was in the wrong Vornoi region).
+        if (overlapN && response && Math.abs(overlap) < Math.abs(response.overlap)) {
+            response.overlap = overlap;
+            response.overlapN.copy(overlapN);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Calculate the final overlap vector - based on the smallest overlap.
+    if (response) {
+        response.a = a;
+        response.b = b;
+        response.overlapV.copy(response.overlapN).scale(response.overlap);
+    }
+    T_VECTORS.push(circlePos);
+    T_VECTORS.push(edge);
+    T_VECTORS.push(normal);
+    T_VECTORS.push(point);
+    return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if an ellipse and a polygon collide. <br>
+ * **NOTE:** This is slightly less efficient than testPolygonEllipse as it just
+ * runs testPolygonEllipse and reverses the response at the end.
+ * @ignore
+ * @param {Renderable} a - a reference to the object A.
+ * @param {Ellipse} ellipseA - a reference to the object A Ellipse to be tested
+ * @param {Renderable} b - a reference to the object B.
+ * @param {Polygon} polyB - a reference to the object B Polygon to be tested
+ * @param {Response=} response - Response object (optional) that will be populated if
+ *   they intersect.
+ * @returns {boolean} true if they intersect, false if they don't.
+ */
+function testEllipsePolygon(a, ellipseA, b, polyB, response) {
+    // Test the polygon against the circle.
+    var result = testPolygonEllipse(b, polyB, a, ellipseA, response);
+    if (result && response) {
+        // Swap A and B in the response.
+        var resa = response.a;
+        var aInB = response.aInB;
+        response.overlapN.negateSelf();
+        response.overlapV.negateSelf();
+        response.a = response.b;
+        response.b = resa;
+        response.aInB = response.bInA;
+        response.bInA = aInB;
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+export { testEllipseEllipse, testEllipsePolygon, testPolygonEllipse, testPolygonPolygon };

package/dist/melonjs.mjs/physics/world.js

@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+/*!
+ * melonJS Game Engine - v14.1.0
+ * http://www.melonjs.org
+ * melonjs is licensed under the MIT License.
+ * http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license
+ * @copyright (C) 2011 - 2022 Olivier Biot (AltByte Pte Ltd)
+ */
+import Vector2d from '../math/vector2.js';
+import { on, GAME_RESET, LEVEL_LOADED } from '../system/event.js';
+import QuadTree from './quadtree.js';
+import Container from '../renderable/container.js';
+import collision from './collision.js';
+import { collisionCheck } from './detector.js';
+import state from '../state/state.js';
+
+/**
+ * @classdesc
+ * an object representing the physic world, and responsible for managing and updating all childs and physics
+ * @augments Container
+ */
+class World extends Container {
+    /**
+     * @param {number} [x=0] - position of the container (accessible via the inherited pos.x property)
+     * @param {number} [y=0] - position of the container (accessible via the inherited pos.y property)
+     * @param {number} [width=game.viewport.width] - width of the container
+     * @param {number} [height=game.viewport.height] - height of the container
+     */
+    constructor(x = 0, y = 0, width = Infinity, height = Infinity) {
+        // call the super constructor
+        super(x, y, width, height, true);
+
+        // world is the root container
+        this.name = "rootContainer";
+
+        // to mimic the previous behavior
+        this.anchorPoint.set(0, 0);
+
+        /**
+         * the application (game) this physic world belong to
+         * @public
+         * @type {Application}
+         */
+        this.app = null;
+
+        /**
+         * the rate at which the game world is updated,
+         * may be greater than or lower than the display fps
+         * @public
+         * @type {Vector2d}
+         * @default 60
+         * @name fps
+         * @memberof World
+         * @see timer.maxfps
+         */
+        this.fps = 60;
+
+        /**
+         * world gravity
+         * @public
+         * @type {Vector2d}
+         * @default <0,0.98>
+         * @name gravity
+         * @memberof World
+         */
+        this.gravity = new Vector2d(0, 0.98);
+
+        /**
+         * Specify the rendering method for tile layers. <br>
+         * if false visible part of the layers are rendered dynamically,<br>
+         * if true the entire layers are first rendered into an offscreen canvas.<br>
+         * the "best" rendering method depends of your game
+         * (amount of layer, layer size, amount of tiles per layer, etc.)<br>
+         * note : rendering method is also configurable per layer by adding this
+         * property to your layer (in Tiled).
+         * @type {boolean}
+         * @default false
+         * @memberof World
+         */
+        this.preRender = false;
+
+        /**
+         * the active physic bodies in this simulation
+         * @name bodies
+         * @memberof World
+         * @public
+         * @type {Set<Body>}
+         */
+        this.bodies = new Set();
+
+        /**
+         * the instance of the game world quadtree used for broadphase
+         * @name broadphase
+         * @memberof World
+         * @public
+         * @type {QuadTree}
+         */
+        this.broadphase = new QuadTree(this, this.getBounds().clone(), collision.maxChildren, collision.maxDepth);
+
+        // reset the world container on the game reset signal
+        on(GAME_RESET, this.reset, this);
+
+        // update the broadband world bounds if a new level is loaded
+        on(LEVEL_LOADED, () => {
+            // reset the quadtree
+            this.broadphase.clear(this.getBounds());
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * reset the game world
+     * @name reset
+     * @memberof World
+     */
+    reset() {
+        // clear the quadtree
+        this.broadphase.clear();
+
+        // reset the anchorPoint
+        this.anchorPoint.set(0, 0);
+
+        // call the parent method
+        super.reset();
+
+        // empty the list of active physic bodies
+        // Note: this should be empty already when calling the parent method
+        this.bodies.clear();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add a physic body to the game world
+     * @name addBody
+     * @memberof World
+     * @see Container.addChild
+     * @param {Body} body
+     * @returns {World} this game world
+     */
+    addBody(body) {
+        //add it to the list of active body
+        this.bodies.add(body);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove a physic body from the game world
+     * @name removeBody
+     * @memberof World
+     * @see Container.removeChild
+     * @param {Body} body
+     * @returns {World} this game world
+     */
+    removeBody(body) {
+        //remove from the list of active body
+        this.bodies.delete(body);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Apply gravity to the given body
+     * @name bodyApplyVelocity
+     * @memberof World
+     * @private
+     * @param {Body} body
+     */
+    bodyApplyGravity(body) {
+        // apply gravity to the current velocity
+        if (!body.ignoreGravity && body.gravityScale !== 0) {
+            var gravity = this.gravity;
+
+            // apply gravity if defined
+            body.force.x += (body.mass * gravity.x) * body.gravityScale;
+            body.force.y += (body.mass * gravity.y) * body.gravityScale;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * update the game world
+     * @name reset
+     * @memberof World
+     * @param {number} dt - the time passed since the last frame update
+     * @returns {boolean} true if the word is dirty
+     */
+    update(dt) {
+        var isPaused = state.isPaused();
+
+        // clear the quadtree
+        this.broadphase.clear();
+
+        // insert the world container (children) into the quadtree
+        this.broadphase.insertContainer(this);
+
+        // iterate through all bodies
+        this.bodies.forEach((body) => {
+            if (!body.isStatic) {
+                var ancestor = body.ancestor;
+                // if the game is not paused, and ancestor can be updated
+                if (!(isPaused && (!ancestor.updateWhenPaused)) &&
+                   (ancestor.inViewport || ancestor.alwaysUpdate)) {
+                    // apply gravity to this body
+                    this.bodyApplyGravity(body);
+                    // body update function (this moves it)
+                    if (body.update(dt) === true) {
+                        // mark ancestor as dirty
+                        ancestor.isDirty = true;
+                    }
+                    // handle collisions against other objects
+                    collisionCheck(ancestor);
+                    // clear body force
+                    body.force.set(0, 0);
+                }
+            }
+        });
+
+        // call the super constructor
+        return super.update(dt);
+    }
+
+}
+
+var World$1 = World;
+
+export { World$1 as default };