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package/.claude/skills/general-it-engineering/resources/asset-management.md

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-# Asset Management
-
-IT asset tracking, software licensing, hardware lifecycle management, and Configuration Management Database (CMDB) for managing IT assets effectively.
-
-## Table of Contents
-
-- [Asset Management Overview](#asset-management-overview)
-- [Hardware Asset Management](#hardware-asset-management)
-- [Software Asset Management](#software-asset-management)
-- [CMDB (Configuration Management Database)](#cmdb-configuration-management-database)
-- [Asset Lifecycle](#asset-lifecycle)
-- [License Management](#license-management)
-- [Best Practices](#best-practices)
-
-## Asset Management Overview
-
-### Purpose
-
-IT Asset Management (ITAM) provides:
-- Complete inventory of IT assets
-- Cost tracking and optimization
-- License compliance
-- Security and risk management
-- Lifecycle planning
-- Financial planning
-
-### Asset Categories
-
-```
-IT Assets
-├── Hardware
-│   ├── End-User Devices (laptops, desktops, phones)
-│   ├── Servers (physical, virtual)
-│   ├── Network Devices (routers, switches, firewalls)
-│   ├── Storage (SAN, NAS, backup)
-│   └── Peripherals (printers, monitors, accessories)
-│
-├── Software
-│   ├── Operating Systems
-│   ├── Applications (licensed, SaaS)
-│   ├── Development Tools
-│   └── Utilities
-│
-├── Cloud Services
-│   ├── IaaS (EC2, VMs)
-│   ├── PaaS (databases, platforms)
-│   └── SaaS (applications)
-│
-└── Digital Assets
-    ├── Certificates
-    ├── Domains
-    ├── IP Addresses
-    └── Data
-```
-
-## Hardware Asset Management
-
-### Hardware Asset Tracking
-
-```yaml
-Asset Record: LAPTOP-12345
-
-Basic Information:
-  Asset Tag: LAPTOP-12345
-  Serial Number: ABC123XYZ789
-  Manufacturer: Dell
-  Model: Latitude 5520
-  Type: Laptop
-
-Financial:
-  Purchase Date: 2024-01-15
-  Purchase Cost: $1,200
-  Supplier: Dell Direct
-  PO Number: PO-2024-001
-  Depreciation: 3 years (straight-line)
-  Current Value: $800 (8 months old)
-  Warranty Expiry: 2027-01-15
-
-Technical:
-  CPU: Intel i7-11th Gen
-  RAM: 16GB DDR4
-  Storage: 512GB NVMe SSD
-  OS: Windows 11 Pro
-  Hostname: LAPTOP-JDOE
-
-Assignment:
-  Status: Deployed
-  Assigned To: John Doe (john.doe@company.com)
-  Department: Sales
-  Location: Building A, Floor 3
-  Assignment Date: 2024-01-20
-
-Lifecycle:
-  Stage: In Use
-  Next Review: 2026-01-15 (2 year mark)
-  Expected Refresh: 2027-01-15 (3 years)
-  Disposal Date: TBD
-
-Maintenance History:
-  - 2024-06-10: Battery replaced
-  - 2024-08-15: RAM upgraded from 8GB to 16GB
-
-Compliance:
-  - Security encryption: Enabled (BitLocker)
-  - Antivirus: Installed and current
-  - Patch level: Up to date
-  - MDM enrolled: Yes
-```
-
-### Hardware Inventory Methods
-
-**1. Manual Tracking:**
-```yaml
-Pros:
-  - Low cost
-  - Simple to start
-  - Works for small organizations
-
-Cons:
-  - Time-consuming
-  - Error-prone
-  - Difficult to scale
-  - Stale data
-
-Best for: <50 assets
-```
-
-**2. Barcode/RFID Scanning:**
-```yaml
-Pros:
-  - Quick data capture
-  - Reduces errors
-  - Supports physical audits
-
-Cons:
-  - Requires scanning hardware
-  - Manual process
-  - Doesn't capture software
-
-Best for: 50-500 assets
-```
-
-**3. Automated Discovery:**
-```yaml
-Tools:
-  - Microsoft SCCM/Intune
-  - ServiceNow Discovery
-  - Lansweeper
-  - Snipe-IT
-
-Pros:
-  - Automatic updates
-  - Software inventory included
-  - Real-time data
-  - Minimal manual work
-
-Cons:
-  - Requires network access
-  - Initial setup complexity
-  - May miss offline devices
-
-Best for: 500+ assets, distributed environments
-```
-
-### Hardware Procurement Process
-
-```
-Need Identified
-     ↓
-Request Submitted (ServiceNow/Portal)
-     ↓
-Manager Approval
-     ↓
-Budget Verification
-     ↓
-Vendor Selection
-     ↓
-Purchase Order Created
-     ↓
-Asset Received
-     ↓
-Asset Tagged and Recorded in CMDB
-     ↓
-Configuration/Setup
-     ↓
-Deployed to User
-     ↓
-Asset Record Updated (assignment, location)
-```
-
-## Software Asset Management
-
-### Software Inventory
-
-```yaml
-Software Asset: Microsoft Office 365 E3
-
-Product Information:
-  Vendor: Microsoft
-  Product: Office 365 E3
-  Version: Current (cloud-based)
-  Category: Productivity Suite
-
-Licensing:
-  License Type: Subscription (per user/month)
-  Agreement: Enterprise Agreement
-  Agreement Number: EA-123456
-  Purchased Licenses: 1,000
-  Deployed Licenses: 850
-  Available: 150
-  Cost per License: $20/user/month
-  Annual Cost: $240,000
-
-Contract:
-  Start Date: 2024-01-01
-  End Date: 2026-12-31
-  Term: 3 years
-  Renewal Date: 2026-10-01 (notify 90 days prior)
-  Auto-Renewal: No
-
-Usage Tracking:
-  Assigned Users: 850
-  Active Users (last 30 days): 780
-  Inactive Users: 70 (candidates for license reclaim)
-  Peak Usage: 810
-
-Compliance:
-  Status: Compliant ✅
-  Last Audit: 2024-10-01
-  Next Audit: 2025-04-01
-  License Shortfall: 0
-  License Waste: 70 (inactive users)
-```
-
-### Software License Types
-
-**1. Per-User/Per-Device:**
-```
-Examples: Microsoft Office, Adobe Creative Cloud
-Pricing: Fixed per user or device
-Compliance: Track assignments vs licenses purchased
-```
-
-**2. Concurrent/Floating:**
-```
-Examples: Engineering software, CAD tools
-Pricing: Based on simultaneous users
-Compliance: Monitor license server for peak usage
-```
-
-**3. Subscription (SaaS):**
-```
-Examples: Salesforce, Slack, Google Workspace
-Pricing: Per user/month
-Compliance: Track active users, remove inactive
-```
-
-**4. Enterprise Agreement:**
-```
-Examples: Microsoft EA, Oracle ULA
-Pricing: Negotiated bulk pricing
-Compliance: Regular true-ups, usage reporting
-```
-
-**5. Open Source:**
-```
-Examples: Linux, Apache, PostgreSQL
-Pricing: Free (may have support costs)
-Compliance: License terms vary (GPL, MIT, Apache)
-```
-
-### Software Compliance
-
-**License Compliance Checks:**
-```yaml
-Quarterly Compliance Review:
-
-1. Inventory Installed Software:
-   Tool: SCCM/Lansweeper scan
-   Compare: Installed vs purchased licenses
-
-2. Identify Gaps:
-   - Unlicensed software (remove or purchase)
-   - Over-licensed software (reclaim or reduce)
-   - Expired licenses (renew or remove)
-
-3. Vendor Audits:
-   - Microsoft SAM engagement
-   - Oracle LMS audit
-   - Adobe compliance check
-
-4. Corrective Actions:
-   - Purchase additional licenses
-   - Uninstall unauthorized software
-   - Reclaim unused licenses
-   - Update contracts
-
-5. Documentation:
-   - Compliance report
-   - Purchase orders
-   - License certificates
-   - Audit responses
-```
-
-## CMDB (Configuration Management Database)
-
-### CMDB Purpose
-
-The CMDB provides:
-- Single source of truth for IT configuration
-- Relationships between configuration items (CIs)
-- Impact analysis for changes
-- Service dependencies
-- Asset inventory
-
-### Configuration Items (CIs)
-
-```yaml
-CI Types:
-
-Hardware:
-  - Servers
-  - Network devices
-  - End-user devices
-  - Storage arrays
-
-Software:
-  - Applications
-  - Databases
-  - Middleware
-  - Operating systems
-
-Services:
-  - Business services
-  - Technical services
-  - Cloud services
-
-People:
-  - IT staff
-  - Vendors
-  - Service providers
-
-Documentation:
-  - Runbooks
-  - Architecture diagrams
-  - Contracts
-```
-
-### CI Relationships
-
-```
-Business Service: Customer Portal
-    │
-    ├─── Uses ───> Application: Web Application
-    │                  │
-    │                  ├─── Runs On ───> Server: WEB-01
-    │                  │                    │
-    │                  │                    └─── Hosted In ───> Data Center: DC1
-    │                  │
-    │                  └─── Depends On ───> Application: API Service
-    │                                          │
-    │                                          └─── Uses ───> Database: PROD-DB
-    │
-    ├─── Uses ───> Service: CDN
-    │
-    └─── Supports ───> Business Process: Online Sales
-```
-
-### CMDB Example Record
-
-```yaml
-CI: WEB-01
-
-Type: Physical Server
-Class: Production
-Environment: Production
-
-Identification:
-  CI ID: CI-12345
-  Asset Tag: SRV-WEB-01
-  Serial: VMW-ABC-123
-  Hostname: web01.company.com
-
-Technical:
-  OS: Ubuntu 22.04 LTS
-  CPU: 8 cores
-  RAM: 32 GB
-  Storage: 500 GB SSD
-
-Network:
-  IP Address: 10.0.1.10
-  MAC: 00:50:56:9A:12:34
-  VLAN: VLAN-100-Web
-  Subnet: 10.0.1.0/24
-
-Relationships:
-  Runs Applications:
-    - Customer Portal (app-portal-01)
-    - Admin Dashboard (app-admin-01)
-
-  Depends On:
-    - Load Balancer (lb-01)
-    - Database Server (db-01)
-    - Active Directory (ad-01)
-
-  Hosted In:
-    - Data Center: DC1
-    - Rack: R-15
-    - U Position: U20-U22
-
-Ownership:
-  Technical Owner: Infrastructure Team
-  Business Owner: E-commerce Manager
-  Cost Center: 12345
-
-Lifecycle:
-  Status: In Production
-  Deployed: 2023-01-15
-  Next Review: 2025-01-15
-  Retirement Date: 2026-01-15
-
-Compliance:
-  - PCI DSS: Yes
-  - Encryption: Disk encrypted
-  - Patching: Current
-  - Backup: Daily
-```
-
-### CMDB Maintenance
-
-**Keep CMDB Accurate:**
-```yaml
-Automated Updates:
-  - Discovery tools (daily scans)
-  - Integration with provisioning systems
-  - Change management updates
-  - Monitoring tool integration
-
-Manual Updates:
-  - Quarterly reviews
-  - Annual audits
-  - Change implementation updates
-  - Decommissioning records
-
-Reconciliation:
-  - Compare discovery vs CMDB
-  - Identify discrepancies
-  - Update or create CIs
-  - Archive decommissioned CIs
-```
-
-## Asset Lifecycle
-
-### Hardware Lifecycle Stages
-
-```
-┌────────────────────────────────────────┐
-│ 1. Planning                            │
-│    - Identify need                     │
-│    - Budget approval                   │
-│    - Vendor selection                  │
-└─────────┬──────────────────────────────┘
-          ↓
-┌────────────────────────────────────────┐
-│ 2. Procurement                         │
-│    - Purchase order                    │
-│    - Delivery                          │
-│    - Asset tag assignment              │
-└─────────┬──────────────────────────────┘
-          ↓
-┌────────────────────────────────────────┐
-│ 3. Deployment                          │
-│    - Configuration                     │
-│    - Installation                      │
-│    - User assignment                   │
-│    - CMDB update                       │
-└─────────┬──────────────────────────────┘
-          ↓
-┌────────────────────────────────────────┐
-│ 4. Operations & Maintenance            │
-│    - Monitoring                        │
-│    - Support                           │
-│    - Updates                           │
-│    - Repairs                           │
-│    Duration: 2-5 years typically       │
-└─────────┬──────────────────────────────┘
-          ↓
-┌────────────────────────────────────────┐
-│ 5. Refresh/Upgrade Decision            │
-│    - Performance review                │
-│    - Cost analysis                     │
-│    - Technology assessment             │
-└─────────┬──────────────────────────────┘
-          ↓
-┌────────────────────────────────────────┐
-│ 6. Retirement                          │
-│    - Data sanitization                 │
-│    - Decommissioning                   │
-│    - Asset disposal                    │
-│    - CMDB update (retired)             │
-└────────────────────────────────────────┘
-```
-
-### Refresh Cycles
-
-```yaml
-Typical Refresh Schedules:
-
-End-User Devices:
-  Laptops: 3 years
-  Desktops: 4 years
-  Phones: 2 years
-  Monitors: 5 years
-
-Servers:
-  Physical servers: 5 years
-  Storage arrays: 5 years
-  Network switches: 7 years
-
-Reasons:
-  - Warranty expiration
-  - Performance degradation
-  - Technology obsolescence
-  - Lease end
-  - Security requirements
-```
-
-### Asset Disposal
-
-**Secure Disposal Process:**
-```yaml
-1. Data Sanitization:
-   Laptops/Desktops:
-     - Boot to DBAN (Darik's Boot and Nuke)
-     - DoD 5220.22-M wipe (7-pass)
-     - Certificate of destruction
-
-   Servers:
-     - Remove all drives
-     - Dedicated drive shredding
-     - Physical destruction
-
-   Mobile Devices:
-     - Factory reset
-     - MDM wipe
-     - Remove SIM/SD cards
-
-2. Physical Disposal:
-   Options:
-     - Trade-in (refurbished resale)
-     - E-waste recycling (certified vendor)
-     - Donation (after sanitization)
-     - Physical destruction (high-security)
-
-3. Documentation:
-   - Certificate of data destruction
-   - Disposal receipt
-   - CMDB update (status: Disposed)
-   - Asset record retention (7 years for audit)
-
-4. Environmental Compliance:
-   - WEEE Directive (EU)
-   - EPA regulations (US)
-   - R2 Certified recycler
-```
-
-## License Management
-
-### License Optimization
-
-**Reduce License Costs:**
-```yaml
-Strategies:
-
-1. Identify Inactive Users:
-   Query:
-     SELECT user, last_login
-     FROM software_usage
-     WHERE product = 'Adobe Creative Cloud'
-     AND last_login < DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL 90 DAY)
-
-   Action: Reclaim 70 unused licenses
-   Savings: 70 × $55/month = $3,850/month
-
-2. Right-Size License Types:
-   Example:
-     - 50 users have Office E5 ($35/month)
-     - Only use features in E3 ($20/month)
-   Action: Downgrade to E3
-   Savings: 50 × $15/month = $750/month
-
-3. Consolidate Vendors:
-   Example:
-     - 3 different communication tools
-     - Standardize on one platform
-   Action: Eliminate redundant tools
-   Savings: $10,000/year
-
-4. Negotiate Enterprise Agreements:
-   - Volume discounts
-   - Multi-year commitments
-   - Bundle purchasing
-```
-
-### Software Audit Preparation
-
-```yaml
-Vendor Audit Process:
-
-1. Notification:
-   - Vendor requests audit (30-90 days notice)
-   - Identify audit scope
-
-2. Preparation:
-   - Run discovery tools
-   - Compile license agreements
-   - Document deployments
-   - Calculate license position
-
-3. Gap Analysis:
-   - Compare deployed vs licensed
-   - Identify shortfalls
-   - Calculate potential costs
-
-4. Remediation (if needed):
-   - Purchase additional licenses
-   - Uninstall excess software
-   - Negotiate settlement
-
-5. Audit Response:
-   - Submit documentation
-   - Provide deployment data
-   - Answer vendor questions
-
-6. Post-Audit:
-   - Implement SAM process
-   - Regular compliance checks
-   - Improve tracking
-```
-
-## Best Practices
-
-### 1. Automate Discovery
-
-Use automated tools to maintain accurate inventory.
-
-### 2. Standardize Asset Tagging
-
-```yaml
-Asset Tag Format: [TYPE]-[LOCATION]-[SEQUENCE]
-
-Examples:
-  LAPTOP-NYC-00123
-  SRV-DC1-00045
-  NET-LON-00067
-
-Benefits:
-  - Easy to identify asset type
-  - Know location at a glance
-  - Unique identifier
-```
-
-### 3. Regular Audits
-
-```yaml
-Audit Schedule:
-  - Physical inventory: Annually
-  - Software compliance: Quarterly
-  - CMDB reconciliation: Monthly
-  - High-value assets: Semi-annually
-```
-
-### 4. Lifecycle Planning
-
-Budget for refresh cycles to avoid surprise costs.
-
-### 5. Integration
-
-Integrate ITAM with:
-- Service desk (for requests and incidents)
-- Procurement (for new assets)
-- Financial systems (for depreciation)
-- CMDB (for relationships)
-- Change management (for updates)
-
-### 6. Metrics and Reporting
-
-```yaml
-Key Metrics:
-
-Financial:
-  - Total asset value
-  - Depreciation expense
-  - License compliance cost avoidance
-
-Operational:
-  - Asset utilization rate
-  - Average asset age
-  - Refresh cycle adherence
-
-Compliance:
-  - Software compliance %
-  - Audit findings (count)
-  - Unlicensed software instances
-```
-
----
-
-**Related Resources:**
-- [itil-framework.md](itil-framework.md) - IT asset management practice
-- [service-management.md](service-management.md) - Service catalog integration
-- [it-governance.md](it-governance.md) - Asset management policies