blockmine 1.23.4 → 1.25.0

package/.claude/skills/general-it-engineering/resources/business-continuity.md

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-# Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery
-
-BCP/DR planning, RTO/RPO targets, disaster recovery testing, backup strategies, and failover procedures for ensuring business resilience.
-
-## Table of Contents
-
-- [Business Continuity Overview](#business-continuity-overview)
-- [RTO and RPO](#rto-and-rpo)
-- [Backup Strategies](#backup-strategies)
-- [Disaster Recovery Planning](#disaster-recovery-planning)
-- [DR Testing](#dr-testing)
-- [Failover Procedures](#failover-procedures)
-- [Best Practices](#best-practices)
-
-## Business Continuity Overview
-
-### Purpose
-
-Business Continuity Planning (BCP) ensures:
-- Critical business functions continue during disasters
-- Rapid recovery from disruptions
-- Minimized financial impact
-- Protection of reputation
-- Regulatory compliance
-
-### BCP vs DR
-
-```yaml
-Business Continuity Planning (BCP):
-  Scope: Entire business operations
-  Focus: Keeping business running
-  Includes: People, processes, facilities, IT, communications
-  Timeline: Before, during, and after incident
-
-Disaster Recovery (DR):
-  Scope: IT systems and data
-  Focus: Restoring IT services
-  Includes: Infrastructure, applications, data
-  Timeline: After incident occurs
-```
-
-### Business Impact Analysis (BIA)
-
-```yaml
-BIA Process:
-
-1. Identify Critical Business Processes:
-   - Order processing
-   - Payment processing
-   - Customer support
-   - Manufacturing
-   - Supply chain
-
-2. Assess Impact of Disruption:
-   Financial:
-     - Revenue loss per hour
-     - Penalty costs
-     - Recovery costs
-
-   Operational:
-     - Productivity loss
-     - Customer service impact
-     - Supply chain disruption
-
-   Reputational:
-     - Customer satisfaction
-     - Brand damage
-     - Market share loss
-
-   Regulatory:
-     - Compliance violations
-     - Legal penalties
-     - Audit findings
-
-3. Determine Recovery Requirements:
-   - Maximum Tolerable Downtime (MTD)
-   - Recovery Time Objective (RTO)
-   - Recovery Point Objective (RPO)
-   - Minimum service level
-
-Example BIA Results:
-
-Service: E-commerce Website
-  Revenue: $50,000/hour
-  MTD: 4 hours
-  RTO: 1 hour
-  RPO: 15 minutes
-  Priority: Critical (Tier 1)
-
-Service: Internal Wiki
-  Revenue Impact: Minimal
-  MTD: 5 days
-  RTO: 24 hours
-  RPO: 24 hours
-  Priority: Low (Tier 3)
-```
-
-## RTO and RPO
-
-### Recovery Time Objective (RTO)
-
-```yaml
-RTO: Maximum acceptable time to restore service after disruption
-
-Examples:
-
-Critical Services (Tier 1):
-  E-commerce platform: RTO 1 hour
-  Payment processing: RTO 30 minutes
-  Customer database: RTO 1 hour
-
-Important Services (Tier 2):
-  Email system: RTO 4 hours
-  Internal applications: RTO 8 hours
-  File shares: RTO 4 hours
-
-Standard Services (Tier 3):
-  Development environments: RTO 24 hours
-  Archive systems: RTO 48 hours
-  Test environments: RTO 3 days
-```
-
-### Recovery Point Objective (RPO)
-
-```yaml
-RPO: Maximum acceptable data loss measured in time
-
-Examples:
-
-Critical Data (Tier 1):
-  Financial transactions: RPO 0 (zero data loss)
-  Customer orders: RPO 5 minutes
-  Inventory data: RPO 15 minutes
-
-Important Data (Tier 2):
-  CRM data: RPO 1 hour
-  Email: RPO 4 hours
-  Documents: RPO 8 hours
-
-Standard Data (Tier 3):
-  Development code: RPO 24 hours (daily backup)
-  Logs: RPO 24 hours
-  Archives: RPO 7 days
-```
-
-### RTO/RPO Impact on Solutions
-
-```
-┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
-│  RTO/RPO Requirements → Infrastructure Solutions  │
-├───────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
-│                                                    │
-│  RTO: Minutes, RPO: 0                             │
-│  → Active-Active Multi-Region                     │
-│  → Synchronous replication                        │
-│  → Automatic failover                             │
-│  Cost: $$$$$                                      │
-│                                                    │
-│  RTO: 1-4 hours, RPO: Minutes                     │
-│  → Active-Passive with Hot Standby                │
-│  → Asynchronous replication                       │
-│  → Manual failover                                │
-│  Cost: $$$$                                       │
-│                                                    │
-│  RTO: 8-24 hours, RPO: Hours                      │
-│  → Warm Standby                                   │
-│  → Periodic snapshots                             │
-│  → Restore from backup                            │
-│  Cost: $$$                                        │
-│                                                    │
-│  RTO: Days, RPO: 24 hours                         │
-│  → Cold Standby                                   │
-│  → Daily backups                                  │
-│  → Manual rebuild                                 │
-│  Cost: $$                                         │
-│                                                    │
-└───────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
-```
-
-## Backup Strategies
-
-### 3-2-1 Backup Rule
-
-```
-3 - Keep three copies of data
-2 - Store on two different media types
-1 - Keep one copy offsite
-
-Example:
-  1. Production data (primary)
-  2. Daily backup to NAS (secondary, different media)
-  3. Weekly backup to cloud (tertiary, offsite)
-```
-
-### Backup Types
-
-**Full Backup:**
-```yaml
-Description: Complete copy of all data
-Frequency: Weekly
-Pros:
-  - Complete restore from single backup
-  - Fastest restore time
-Cons:
-  - Longest backup time
-  - Most storage space
-  - Network intensive
-
-Example Schedule:
-  Sunday 2am: Full backup
-```
-
-**Incremental Backup:**
-```yaml
-Description: Only changes since last backup (any type)
-Frequency: Daily
-Pros:
-  - Fast backup
-  - Minimal storage
-  - Efficient
-Cons:
-  - Slower restore (need full + all incrementals)
-  - More complex
-
-Example Schedule:
-  Sunday 2am: Full
-  Mon-Sat 2am: Incremental
-```
-
-**Differential Backup:**
-```yaml
-Description: Changes since last full backup
-Frequency: Daily
-Pros:
-  - Faster restore than incremental (full + last differential)
-  - Moderate backup time
-Cons:
-  - More storage than incremental
-  - Backup size grows through week
-
-Example Schedule:
-  Sunday 2am: Full
-  Mon-Sat 2am: Differential
-```
-
-### Backup Strategy Example
-
-```yaml
-Production Database Backups:
-
-Full Backup:
-  Schedule: Sunday 2am
-  Retention: 4 weeks
-  Storage: AWS S3 Standard
-  Encryption: AES-256
-  Duration: 3 hours
-  Size: 500GB
-
-Differential Backup:
-  Schedule: Daily 2am (Mon-Sat)
-  Retention: 7 days
-  Storage: AWS S3 Standard
-  Duration: 45 minutes
-  Size: 50-150GB (cumulative)
-
-Transaction Log Backup:
-  Schedule: Every 15 minutes
-  Retention: 7 days
-  Storage: AWS S3 Standard
-  Duration: <1 minute
-  Size: 5-10GB per day
-
-RPO Achievement:
-  - Transaction logs every 15 min → RPO 15 minutes ✅
-
-Restore Scenarios:
-  1. Restore to current:
-     - Latest full (Sunday)
-     - Latest differential (yesterday)
-     - All transaction logs since differential
-     Time: ~1 hour
-
-  2. Point-in-time restore (Tuesday 3pm):
-     - Latest full (Sunday)
-     - Differential up to Tuesday
-     - Transaction logs up to 3pm Tuesday
-     Time: ~1 hour
-
-Backup Testing:
-  - Automated restore test: Weekly
-  - Full DR drill: Quarterly
-  - Verification: Every backup
-```
-
-### Backup Retention
-
-```yaml
-Retention Policy:
-
-Daily Backups:
-  Retention: 7 days
-  Purpose: Operational recovery
-
-Weekly Backups:
-  Retention: 4 weeks
-  Purpose: Month-end recovery
-
-Monthly Backups:
-  Retention: 12 months
-  Purpose: Regulatory compliance, year-end
-
-Yearly Backups:
-  Retention: 7 years
-  Purpose: Legal/audit requirements
-
-Example:
-  Jan 1 - Jan 7: Daily backups (7)
-  Jan 8: Delete Jan 1 daily, keep Jan 7 weekly
-  Feb 1: Keep Jan 31 as monthly backup
-  Mar 1: Delete Jan weekly backups except Jan 31 (monthly)
-  Jan 2025: Keep Dec 31 2024 as yearly backup
-  Jan 2032: Delete Dec 31 2024 yearly (7 years old)
-```
-
-## Disaster Recovery Planning
-
-### DR Tiers
-
-```yaml
-Tier 0 - No DR:
-  RTO: Undefined
-  RPO: Undefined
-  Solution: No backup, rebuild from scratch
-  Cost: $
-  Risk: Complete data loss
-
-Tier 1 - Data Backup:
-  RTO: Days to weeks
-  RPO: 24 hours
-  Solution: Daily backups, manual restore
-  Cost: $$
-  Risk: Extended downtime
-
-Tier 2 - Warm Standby:
-  RTO: 8-24 hours
-  RPO: 1-4 hours
-  Solution: Regular backups, recovery site ready
-  Cost: $$$
-  Risk: Moderate downtime
-
-Tier 3 - Hot Standby:
-  RTO: 1-4 hours
-  RPO: 5-60 minutes
-  Solution: Replicated data, standby systems
-  Cost: $$$$
-  Risk: Brief downtime
-
-Tier 4 - Active-Active:
-  RTO: Minutes
-  RPO: Zero to minutes
-  Solution: Multi-region active, auto-failover
-  Cost: $$$$$
-  Risk: Minimal downtime
-```
-
-### DR Site Types
-
-**Cold Site:**
-```yaml
-Description: Empty data center with power/cooling
-
-Characteristics:
-  - No equipment pre-installed
-  - Basic infrastructure only
-  - Equipment shipped during disaster
-
-Recovery Time: 1-4 weeks
-Cost: Low
-Best For: Non-critical systems, budget constraints
-```
-
-**Warm Site:**
-```yaml
-Description: Partially equipped data center
-
-Characteristics:
-  - Equipment installed
-  - Data synchronized periodically
-  - Requires configuration to activate
-
-Recovery Time: 12 hours - 3 days
-Cost: Medium
-Best For: Important but not critical systems
-```
-
-**Hot Site:**
-```yaml
-Description: Fully operational replica site
-
-Characteristics:
-  - Equipment installed and running
-  - Data replicated in near real-time
-  - Ready to take over immediately
-
-Recovery Time: Minutes to hours
-Cost: High
-Best For: Critical systems, zero tolerance for downtime
-```
-
-**Active-Active (Multi-Site):**
-```yaml
-Description: Multiple sites serving traffic simultaneously
-
-Characteristics:
-  - All sites processing requests
-  - Real-time data synchronization
-  - Automatic failover
-  - Load balancing across sites
-
-Recovery Time: Seconds to minutes (automatic)
-Cost: Very High
-Best For: Mission-critical systems, global services
-```
-
-### DR Runbooks
-
-```yaml
-DR Runbook: Production Database Failover
-
-Trigger Conditions:
-  - Primary database unresponsive >5 minutes
-  - Data center outage declared
-  - Planned maintenance requiring failover
-
-Prerequisites:
-  - DR database in sync (replication lag <5 min)
-  - DR infrastructure validated (last test <30 days)
-  - Key personnel available
-
-Failover Steps:
-
-1. Assess Situation (5 min)
-   [x] Verify primary database down
-   [x] Check replication status
-   [x] Estimate recovery time
-   [x] Decide: Failover or Wait
-
-2. Declare Disaster (2 min)
-   [x] Notify incident manager
-   [x] Activate war room
-   [x] Update status page
-   [x] Notify stakeholders
-
-3. Prepare DR Site (10 min)
-   [x] Verify DR database healthy
-   [x] Check replication lag
-   [x] Review last backup
-   [x] Prepare application configs
-
-4. Execute Failover (15 min)
-   [x] Stop replication from primary
-   [x] Promote DR database to primary
-   [x] Update DNS records (TTL 60 sec)
-   [x] Update load balancer (point to DR)
-   [x] Update application configs
-   [x] Restart application servers
-
-5. Verify Service (10 min)
-   [x] Test database connectivity
-   [x] Run smoke tests
-   [x] Verify application functionality
-   [x] Check monitoring dashboards
-   [x] Validate with sample transactions
-
-6. Monitor (30 min)
-   [x] Watch error rates
-   [x] Monitor performance
-   [x] Check user reports
-   [x] Verify backups running
-
-7. Communicate (Ongoing)
-   [x] Update status page (service restored)
-   [x] Notify stakeholders
-   [x] Document timeline
-   [x] Schedule post-mortem
-
-Total RTO: 60-75 minutes
-
-Rollback Procedure:
-  If DR site fails:
-    1. Attempt to restore primary
-    2. If primary unrecoverable, rebuild from backup
-    3. Estimated time: 4 hours
-
-Post-Failover:
-  - Continue operations on DR site
-  - Plan primary site rebuild
-  - Schedule failback when primary ready
-```
-
-## DR Testing
-
-### Testing Frequency
-
-```yaml
-Test Schedule:
-
-Component Tests (Monthly):
-  - Backup restore verification
-  - Replication health checks
-  - Failover script validation
-  - Monitoring alert tests
-
-Tabletop Exercises (Quarterly):
-  - Walk through DR scenarios
-  - Review runbooks
-  - Identify gaps
-  - No actual systems affected
-
-Partial DR Tests (Semi-Annually):
-  - Test non-production systems
-  - Verify specific components
-  - Limited scope
-  - Minimal business impact
-
-Full DR Tests (Annually):
-  - Complete failover of production systems
-  - All teams participate
-  - Measure actual RTO/RPO
-  - Scheduled maintenance window
-```
-
-### DR Test Plan
-
-```yaml
-Annual DR Test Plan
-
-Objective: Validate ability to recover critical systems within RTO/RPO
-
-Scope:
-  In Scope:
-    - Production database
-    - E-commerce application
-    - Payment processing
-    - Customer portal
-
-  Out of Scope:
-    - Development environments
-    - Internal tools
-    - Reporting systems
-
-Schedule:
-  Date: 2024-12-15
-  Start: 6:00 AM
-  End: 12:00 PM (target)
-  Window: 6 hours
-
-Participants:
-  - DR Coordinator (lead)
-  - Database team (2 engineers)
-  - Application team (3 engineers)
-  - Infrastructure team (2 engineers)
-  - Network team (1 engineer)
-  - Management (observers)
-
-Test Scenarios:
-
-Scenario 1: Database Failover
-  Trigger: Simulate primary database failure
-  Expected RTO: 1 hour
-  Expected RPO: 15 minutes
-  Success Criteria:
-    - DR database promoted
-    - Applications connected
-    - Data loss <15 minutes
-    - All smoke tests pass
-
-Scenario 2: Application Failover
-  Trigger: Primary region unavailable
-  Expected RTO: 30 minutes
-  Expected RPO: 5 minutes
-  Success Criteria:
-    - Traffic routed to DR region
-    - All services operational
-    - User sessions preserved
-    - Performance within SLA
-
-Communication Plan:
-  - T-14 days: Announce test to stakeholders
-  - T-7 days: Reminder notification
-  - T-1 day: Final confirmation
-  - T-0: Status page update
-  - During test: Hourly updates
-  - T+completion: Results summary
-
-Success Metrics:
-  - RTO achieved: Yes/No
-  - RPO achieved: Yes/No
-  - No data loss: Yes/No
-  - All systems functional: Yes/No
-  - Runbooks accurate: Yes/No
-
-Post-Test Activities:
-  - Lessons learned document
-  - Runbook updates
-  - Gap remediation
-  - Executive summary
-```
-
-## Failover Procedures
-
-### Automatic Failover
-
-```yaml
-Automatic Failover Architecture:
-
-Components:
-  - Health checks (every 30 seconds)
-  - Monitoring (detect failures)
-  - Orchestration (execute failover)
-  - DNS/Load balancer (route traffic)
-
-Example: AWS Multi-AZ RDS
-
-Primary DB (us-east-1a):
-  - Actively serving requests
-  - Synchronous replication to standby
-
-Standby DB (us-east-1b):
-  - Receives replicated data
-  - Ready to take over
-
-Failure Detection:
-  - RDS monitors primary health
-  - Detects failure (30-60 seconds)
-
-Automatic Failover:
-  1. Promote standby to primary (60-120 seconds)
-  2. Update DNS to point to new primary (TTL 60s)
-  3. Applications reconnect automatically
-  4. Total downtime: 2-4 minutes
-
-No Manual Intervention Required ✅
-```
-
-### Manual Failover
-
-```yaml
-Manual Failover Process:
-
-When to Use:
-  - Planned maintenance
-  - Testing
-  - Automatic failover failed
-  - Requires human judgment
-
-Decision Authority:
-  - Operations Manager
-  - Database Administrator
-  - Incident Manager
-
-Checklist:
-
-Pre-Failover:
-  [ ] Verify DR site ready
-  [ ] Check replication lag
-  [ ] Notify stakeholders
-  [ ] Prepare rollback plan
-  [ ] Schedule maintenance window
-
-Execute Failover:
-  [ ] Stop writes to primary
-  [ ] Verify replication caught up
-  [ ] Promote DR to primary
-  [ ] Update DNS/LB
-  [ ] Redirect traffic
-  [ ] Verify functionality
-
-Post-Failover:
-  [ ] Monitor for issues
-  [ ] Verify data consistency
-  [ ] Update documentation
-  [ ] Communicate completion
-```
-
-## Best Practices
-
-### 1. Regular Testing
-
-Test DR plans regularly - untested plans don't work.
-
-### 2. Document Everything
-
-```yaml
-Essential Documentation:
-  - DR runbooks (step-by-step procedures)
-  - Network diagrams (primary and DR)
-  - Contact lists (with alternates)
-  - Vendor contacts (support numbers)
-  - Access credentials (secured)
-  - Recovery procedures (detailed)
-  - Test results (lessons learned)
-```
-
-### 3. Automate Where Possible
-
-```
-Automate:
-  - Failover detection
-  - Backup verification
-  - Health checks
-  - Alert notifications
-  - Status updates
-```
-
-### 4. Geographic Distribution
-
-```yaml
-Best Practice: Multi-Region Deployment
-
-Disaster Scenarios Protected:
-  - Data center fire
-  - Natural disaster
-  - Regional power outage
-  - Network partition
-  - Provider outage
-
-Example:
-  Primary: US East (Virginia)
-  DR: US West (Oregon)
-  Distance: 2,500 miles
-  Separate: Power grids, networks, facilities
-```
-
-### 5. Backup Verification
-
-```bash
-# Automated backup verification
-
-#!/bin/bash
-# verify-backup.sh
-
-BACKUP_FILE="prod-db-2024-11-01.sql.gz"
-
-# 1. Verify file exists and is not empty
-if [ ! -s "$BACKUP_FILE" ]; then
-    echo "ERROR: Backup file missing or empty"
-    exit 1
-fi
-
-# 2. Verify file integrity (checksum)
-EXPECTED_MD5="abc123..."
-ACTUAL_MD5=$(md5sum "$BACKUP_FILE" | awk '{print $1}')
-if [ "$EXPECTED_MD5" != "$ACTUAL_MD5" ]; then
-    echo "ERROR: Backup file corrupted"
-    exit 1
-fi
-
-# 3. Test restore to staging
-gunzip -c "$BACKUP_FILE" | mysql staging_db
-
-# 4. Verify data
-ROW_COUNT=$(mysql staging_db -e "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM customers" -sN)
-if [ "$ROW_COUNT" -lt 1000 ]; then
-    echo "ERROR: Restored data incomplete"
-    exit 1
-fi
-
-echo "SUCCESS: Backup verified"
-exit 0
-```
-
-### 6. Communication Plan
-
-Ensure stakeholders know what's happening during disasters.
-
-### 7. Continuous Improvement
-
-Update plans based on tests, incidents, and changes.
-
----
-
-**Related Resources:**
-- [itil-framework.md](itil-framework.md) - Service continuity management
-- [incident-service-management.md](incident-service-management.md) - Major incident management
-- [enterprise-monitoring.md](enterprise-monitoring.md) - Monitoring and alerting