aigroup-workflow 2.2.1 → 2.2.2

package/skills/infra/terraform-engineer/references/testing.md

@@ -1,486 +1,486 @@
-# Terraform Testing Strategies
-
-## Terraform Plan Validation
-
-**Basic Plan Workflow**
-```bash
-# Initialize and validate syntax
-terraform init
-terraform fmt -check
-terraform validate
-
-# Plan with output
-terraform plan -out=tfplan
-
-# Show plan in JSON for automated review
-terraform show -json tfplan | jq .
-
-# Apply specific plan
-terraform apply tfplan
-```
-
-**Plan with Variable Files**
-```bash
-# Plan with specific tfvars
-terraform plan -var-file="production.tfvars"
-
-# Plan with inline variables
-terraform plan -var="instance_count=5"
-
-# Plan with multiple var files
-terraform plan \
-  -var-file="common.tfvars" \
-  -var-file="production.tfvars"
-```
-
-**Plan Analysis**
-```bash
-# Resource targeting for specific resources
-terraform plan -target=aws_vpc.main
-
-# Refresh only (check drift)
-terraform plan -refresh-only
-
-# Destroy plan
-terraform plan -destroy
-
-# Save plan output
-terraform plan -out=tfplan 2>&1 | tee plan-output.txt
-```
-
-## Terraform Test (1.6+)
-
-**Test File Structure**
-```
-tests/
-├── unit/
-│   ├── vpc_test.tftest.hcl
-│   └── security_group_test.tftest.hcl
-└── integration/
-    └── complete_test.tftest.hcl
-```
-
-**Basic Test**
-```hcl
-# tests/vpc_test.tftest.hcl
-run "validate_vpc_cidr" {
-  command = plan
-
-  variables {
-    cidr_block = "10.0.0.0/16"
-    name       = "test-vpc"
-  }
-
-  assert {
-    condition     = aws_vpc.main.cidr_block == "10.0.0.0/16"
-    error_message = "VPC CIDR block did not match expected value"
-  }
-
-  assert {
-    condition     = aws_vpc.main.enable_dns_hostnames == true
-    error_message = "DNS hostnames should be enabled"
-  }
-}
-
-run "validate_tags" {
-  command = plan
-
-  variables {
-    cidr_block = "10.0.0.0/16"
-    name       = "test-vpc"
-    tags = {
-      Environment = "test"
-    }
-  }
-
-  assert {
-    condition     = aws_vpc.main.tags["Environment"] == "test"
-    error_message = "Environment tag not set correctly"
-  }
-}
-```
-
-**Integration Test**
-```hcl
-# tests/integration/complete_test.tftest.hcl
-run "create_full_stack" {
-  command = apply
-
-  variables {
-    cidr_block = "10.0.0.0/16"
-    name       = "integration-test"
-
-    private_subnets = {
-      app = { cidr_block = "10.0.1.0/24", az = "us-east-1a" }
-    }
-  }
-
-  assert {
-    condition     = length(aws_subnet.private) == 1
-    error_message = "Should create exactly one private subnet"
-  }
-
-  assert {
-    condition     = output.vpc_id != ""
-    error_message = "VPC ID should not be empty"
-  }
-}
-```
-
-**Run Tests**
-```bash
-# Run all tests
-terraform test
-
-# Run specific test file
-terraform test tests/vpc_test.tftest.hcl
-
-# Verbose output
-terraform test -verbose
-
-# Keep test resources (for debugging)
-terraform test -no-cleanup
-```
-
-## Terratest (Go-based Testing)
-
-**Test Structure**
-```
-tests/
-├── go.mod
-├── go.sum
-└── vpc_test.go
-```
-
-**go.mod**
-```go
-module github.com/example/terraform-modules/tests
-
-go 1.21
-
-require (
-    github.com/gruntwork-io/terratest v0.45.0
-    github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.4
-)
-```
-
-**Basic Terratest**
-```go
-// tests/vpc_test.go
-package test
-
-import (
-    "testing"
-
-    "github.com/gruntwork-io/terratest/modules/terraform"
-    "github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-)
-
-func TestVPCCreation(t *testing.T) {
-    t.Parallel()
-
-    terraformOptions := terraform.WithDefaultRetryableErrors(t, &terraform.Options{
-        TerraformDir: "../examples/complete",
-
-        Vars: map[string]interface{}{
-            "name":       "test-vpc",
-            "cidr_block": "10.0.0.0/16",
-        },
-
-        EnvVars: map[string]string{
-            "AWS_DEFAULT_REGION": "us-east-1",
-        },
-    })
-
-    defer terraform.Destroy(t, terraformOptions)
-
-    terraform.InitAndApply(t, terraformOptions)
-
-    vpcID := terraform.Output(t, terraformOptions, "vpc_id")
-    assert.NotEmpty(t, vpcID)
-
-    vpcCIDR := terraform.Output(t, terraformOptions, "vpc_cidr_block")
-    assert.Equal(t, "10.0.0.0/16", vpcCIDR)
-}
-```
-
-**Advanced Terratest with AWS SDK**
-```go
-package test
-
-import (
-    "testing"
-
-    "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws"
-    "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/ec2"
-    "github.com/gruntwork-io/terratest/modules/terraform"
-    aws_helper "github.com/gruntwork-io/terratest/modules/aws"
-    "github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-)
-
-func TestVPCConfiguration(t *testing.T) {
-    t.Parallel()
-
-    awsRegion := "us-east-1"
-
-    terraformOptions := &terraform.Options{
-        TerraformDir: "../examples/complete",
-        Vars: map[string]interface{}{
-            "name":       "test-vpc",
-            "cidr_block": "10.0.0.0/16",
-        },
-    }
-
-    defer terraform.Destroy(t, terraformOptions)
-    terraform.InitAndApply(t, terraformOptions)
-
-    vpcID := terraform.Output(t, terraformOptions, "vpc_id")
-
-    // Verify VPC configuration using AWS SDK
-    vpc := aws_helper.GetVpcById(t, vpcID, awsRegion)
-    assert.Equal(t, "10.0.0.0/16", *vpc.CidrBlock)
-    assert.True(t, *vpc.EnableDnsSupport)
-    assert.True(t, *vpc.EnableDnsHostnames)
-
-    // Verify tags
-    tags := convertEC2TagsToMap(vpc.Tags)
-    assert.Equal(t, "test-vpc", tags["Name"])
-}
-
-func convertEC2TagsToMap(tags []*ec2.Tag) map[string]string {
-    result := make(map[string]string)
-    for _, tag := range tags {
-        result[*tag.Key] = *tag.Value
-    }
-    return result
-}
-```
-
-**Run Terratest**
-```bash
-cd tests
-go mod download
-go test -v -timeout 30m
-```
-
-## Policy as Code - OPA/Sentinel
-
-**Open Policy Agent (OPA)**
-
-**policy.rego**
-```rego
-package terraform.analysis
-
-import input as tfplan
-
-# Deny if resources are not tagged
-deny[msg] {
-    r := tfplan.resource_changes[_]
-    r.change.actions[_] == "create"
-    not r.change.after.tags.Environment
-    msg := sprintf("Resource %s is missing Environment tag", [r.address])
-}
-
-# Require encryption for S3 buckets
-deny[msg] {
-    r := tfplan.resource_changes[_]
-    r.type == "aws_s3_bucket"
-    r.change.actions[_] == "create"
-    not r.change.after.server_side_encryption_configuration
-    msg := sprintf("S3 bucket %s must have encryption enabled", [r.address])
-}
-
-# Ensure VPC flow logs are enabled
-deny[msg] {
-    r := tfplan.resource_changes[_]
-    r.type == "aws_vpc"
-    r.change.actions[_] == "create"
-    vpc_id := r.change.after.id
-    not has_flow_log(vpc_id)
-    msg := sprintf("VPC %s must have flow logs enabled", [r.address])
-}
-
-has_flow_log(vpc_id) {
-    r := tfplan.resource_changes[_]
-    r.type == "aws_flow_log"
-    r.change.after.vpc_id == vpc_id
-}
-```
-
-**Run OPA Policy**
-```bash
-# Generate plan in JSON
-terraform plan -out=tfplan
-terraform show -json tfplan > tfplan.json
-
-# Run OPA policy check
-opa eval -i tfplan.json -d policy.rego "data.terraform.analysis.deny"
-```
-
-**Conftest (OPA wrapper for testing)**
-```bash
-# Install conftest
-brew install conftest
-
-# Test plan against policies
-conftest test tfplan.json
-
-# With specific namespace
-conftest test tfplan.json --namespace terraform.analysis
-```
-
-## TFLint
-
-**Installation and Configuration**
-```bash
-# Install tflint
-brew install tflint
-
-# Initialize tflint plugins
-tflint --init
-```
-
-**.tflint.hcl**
-```hcl
-plugin "terraform" {
-  enabled = true
-  preset  = "recommended"
-}
-
-plugin "aws" {
-  enabled = true
-  version = "0.27.0"
-  source  = "github.com/terraform-linters/tflint-ruleset-aws"
-}
-
-rule "terraform_naming_convention" {
-  enabled = true
-
-  format = "snake_case"
-}
-
-rule "terraform_required_version" {
-  enabled = true
-}
-
-rule "terraform_required_providers" {
-  enabled = true
-}
-
-rule "aws_instance_invalid_type" {
-  enabled = true
-}
-
-rule "aws_s3_bucket_encryption" {
-  enabled = true
-}
-```
-
-**Run TFLint**
-```bash
-# Run linter
-tflint
-
-# With specific config
-tflint --config=.tflint.hcl
-
-# Recursive (all subdirectories)
-tflint --recursive
-
-# Output format
-tflint --format=json
-```
-
-## Pre-commit Hooks
-
-**.pre-commit-config.yaml**
-```yaml
-repos:
-  - repo: https://github.com/antonbabenko/pre-commit-terraform
-    rev: v1.83.6
-    hooks:
-      - id: terraform_fmt
-      - id: terraform_validate
-      - id: terraform_tflint
-        args:
-          - --args=--config=__GIT_WORKING_DIR__/.tflint.hcl
-      - id: terraform_docs
-        args:
-          - --hook-config=--path-to-file=README.md
-          - --hook-config=--add-to-existing-file=true
-      - id: terraform_checkov
-        args:
-          - --args=--quiet
-          - --args=--skip-check CKV_AWS_*
-```
-
-**Setup**
-```bash
-# Install pre-commit
-pip install pre-commit
-
-# Install hooks
-pre-commit install
-
-# Run manually
-pre-commit run -a
-```
-
-## CI/CD Pipeline Testing
-
-**GitHub Actions Example**
-```yaml
-name: Terraform Test
-
-on: [pull_request]
-
-jobs:
-  terraform-test:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-
-      - name: Setup Terraform
-        uses: hashicorp/setup-terraform@v2
-        with:
-          terraform_version: 1.6.0
-
-      - name: Terraform Format
-        run: terraform fmt -check -recursive
-
-      - name: Terraform Init
-        run: terraform init
-
-      - name: Terraform Validate
-        run: terraform validate
-
-      - name: TFLint
-        uses: terraform-linters/setup-tflint@v3
-        with:
-          tflint_version: latest
-
-      - name: Run TFLint
-        run: tflint --recursive
-
-      - name: Terraform Test
-        run: terraform test
-
-      - name: Checkov
-        uses: bridgecrewio/checkov-action@master
-        with:
-          directory: .
-          framework: terraform
-```
-
-## Best Practices
-
-- Run `terraform validate` before every commit
-- Use `terraform test` for unit and integration tests
-- Implement policy as code for security compliance
-- Run TFLint in CI/CD pipelines
-- Use pre-commit hooks for automated checks
-- Test modules with Terratest for critical infrastructure
-- Always review plan output before apply
-- Test provider upgrades in isolated environments
-- Document test scenarios and expected outcomes
-- Automate testing in pull request workflows
+# Terraform Testing Strategies
+
+## Terraform Plan Validation
+
+**Basic Plan Workflow**
+```bash
+# Initialize and validate syntax
+terraform init
+terraform fmt -check
+terraform validate
+
+# Plan with output
+terraform plan -out=tfplan
+
+# Show plan in JSON for automated review
+terraform show -json tfplan | jq .
+
+# Apply specific plan
+terraform apply tfplan
+```
+
+**Plan with Variable Files**
+```bash
+# Plan with specific tfvars
+terraform plan -var-file="production.tfvars"
+
+# Plan with inline variables
+terraform plan -var="instance_count=5"
+
+# Plan with multiple var files
+terraform plan \
+  -var-file="common.tfvars" \
+  -var-file="production.tfvars"
+```
+
+**Plan Analysis**
+```bash
+# Resource targeting for specific resources
+terraform plan -target=aws_vpc.main
+
+# Refresh only (check drift)
+terraform plan -refresh-only
+
+# Destroy plan
+terraform plan -destroy
+
+# Save plan output
+terraform plan -out=tfplan 2>&1 | tee plan-output.txt
+```
+
+## Terraform Test (1.6+)
+
+**Test File Structure**
+```
+tests/
+├── unit/
+│   ├── vpc_test.tftest.hcl
+│   └── security_group_test.tftest.hcl
+└── integration/
+    └── complete_test.tftest.hcl
+```
+
+**Basic Test**
+```hcl
+# tests/vpc_test.tftest.hcl
+run "validate_vpc_cidr" {
+  command = plan
+
+  variables {
+    cidr_block = "10.0.0.0/16"
+    name       = "test-vpc"
+  }
+
+  assert {
+    condition     = aws_vpc.main.cidr_block == "10.0.0.0/16"
+    error_message = "VPC CIDR block did not match expected value"
+  }
+
+  assert {
+    condition     = aws_vpc.main.enable_dns_hostnames == true
+    error_message = "DNS hostnames should be enabled"
+  }
+}
+
+run "validate_tags" {
+  command = plan
+
+  variables {
+    cidr_block = "10.0.0.0/16"
+    name       = "test-vpc"
+    tags = {
+      Environment = "test"
+    }
+  }
+
+  assert {
+    condition     = aws_vpc.main.tags["Environment"] == "test"
+    error_message = "Environment tag not set correctly"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+**Integration Test**
+```hcl
+# tests/integration/complete_test.tftest.hcl
+run "create_full_stack" {
+  command = apply
+
+  variables {
+    cidr_block = "10.0.0.0/16"
+    name       = "integration-test"
+
+    private_subnets = {
+      app = { cidr_block = "10.0.1.0/24", az = "us-east-1a" }
+    }
+  }
+
+  assert {
+    condition     = length(aws_subnet.private) == 1
+    error_message = "Should create exactly one private subnet"
+  }
+
+  assert {
+    condition     = output.vpc_id != ""
+    error_message = "VPC ID should not be empty"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+**Run Tests**
+```bash
+# Run all tests
+terraform test
+
+# Run specific test file
+terraform test tests/vpc_test.tftest.hcl
+
+# Verbose output
+terraform test -verbose
+
+# Keep test resources (for debugging)
+terraform test -no-cleanup
+```
+
+## Terratest (Go-based Testing)
+
+**Test Structure**
+```
+tests/
+├── go.mod
+├── go.sum
+└── vpc_test.go
+```
+
+**go.mod**
+```go
+module github.com/example/terraform-modules/tests
+
+go 1.21
+
+require (
+    github.com/gruntwork-io/terratest v0.45.0
+    github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.4
+)
+```
+
+**Basic Terratest**
+```go
+// tests/vpc_test.go
+package test
+
+import (
+    "testing"
+
+    "github.com/gruntwork-io/terratest/modules/terraform"
+    "github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestVPCCreation(t *testing.T) {
+    t.Parallel()
+
+    terraformOptions := terraform.WithDefaultRetryableErrors(t, &terraform.Options{
+        TerraformDir: "../examples/complete",
+
+        Vars: map[string]interface{}{
+            "name":       "test-vpc",
+            "cidr_block": "10.0.0.0/16",
+        },
+
+        EnvVars: map[string]string{
+            "AWS_DEFAULT_REGION": "us-east-1",
+        },
+    })
+
+    defer terraform.Destroy(t, terraformOptions)
+
+    terraform.InitAndApply(t, terraformOptions)
+
+    vpcID := terraform.Output(t, terraformOptions, "vpc_id")
+    assert.NotEmpty(t, vpcID)
+
+    vpcCIDR := terraform.Output(t, terraformOptions, "vpc_cidr_block")
+    assert.Equal(t, "10.0.0.0/16", vpcCIDR)
+}
+```
+
+**Advanced Terratest with AWS SDK**
+```go
+package test
+
+import (
+    "testing"
+
+    "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws"
+    "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/ec2"
+    "github.com/gruntwork-io/terratest/modules/terraform"
+    aws_helper "github.com/gruntwork-io/terratest/modules/aws"
+    "github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestVPCConfiguration(t *testing.T) {
+    t.Parallel()
+
+    awsRegion := "us-east-1"
+
+    terraformOptions := &terraform.Options{
+        TerraformDir: "../examples/complete",
+        Vars: map[string]interface{}{
+            "name":       "test-vpc",
+            "cidr_block": "10.0.0.0/16",
+        },
+    }
+
+    defer terraform.Destroy(t, terraformOptions)
+    terraform.InitAndApply(t, terraformOptions)
+
+    vpcID := terraform.Output(t, terraformOptions, "vpc_id")
+
+    // Verify VPC configuration using AWS SDK
+    vpc := aws_helper.GetVpcById(t, vpcID, awsRegion)
+    assert.Equal(t, "10.0.0.0/16", *vpc.CidrBlock)
+    assert.True(t, *vpc.EnableDnsSupport)
+    assert.True(t, *vpc.EnableDnsHostnames)
+
+    // Verify tags
+    tags := convertEC2TagsToMap(vpc.Tags)
+    assert.Equal(t, "test-vpc", tags["Name"])
+}
+
+func convertEC2TagsToMap(tags []*ec2.Tag) map[string]string {
+    result := make(map[string]string)
+    for _, tag := range tags {
+        result[*tag.Key] = *tag.Value
+    }
+    return result
+}
+```
+
+**Run Terratest**
+```bash
+cd tests
+go mod download
+go test -v -timeout 30m
+```
+
+## Policy as Code - OPA/Sentinel
+
+**Open Policy Agent (OPA)**
+
+**policy.rego**
+```rego
+package terraform.analysis
+
+import input as tfplan
+
+# Deny if resources are not tagged
+deny[msg] {
+    r := tfplan.resource_changes[_]
+    r.change.actions[_] == "create"
+    not r.change.after.tags.Environment
+    msg := sprintf("Resource %s is missing Environment tag", [r.address])
+}
+
+# Require encryption for S3 buckets
+deny[msg] {
+    r := tfplan.resource_changes[_]
+    r.type == "aws_s3_bucket"
+    r.change.actions[_] == "create"
+    not r.change.after.server_side_encryption_configuration
+    msg := sprintf("S3 bucket %s must have encryption enabled", [r.address])
+}
+
+# Ensure VPC flow logs are enabled
+deny[msg] {
+    r := tfplan.resource_changes[_]
+    r.type == "aws_vpc"
+    r.change.actions[_] == "create"
+    vpc_id := r.change.after.id
+    not has_flow_log(vpc_id)
+    msg := sprintf("VPC %s must have flow logs enabled", [r.address])
+}
+
+has_flow_log(vpc_id) {
+    r := tfplan.resource_changes[_]
+    r.type == "aws_flow_log"
+    r.change.after.vpc_id == vpc_id
+}
+```
+
+**Run OPA Policy**
+```bash
+# Generate plan in JSON
+terraform plan -out=tfplan
+terraform show -json tfplan > tfplan.json
+
+# Run OPA policy check
+opa eval -i tfplan.json -d policy.rego "data.terraform.analysis.deny"
+```
+
+**Conftest (OPA wrapper for testing)**
+```bash
+# Install conftest
+brew install conftest
+
+# Test plan against policies
+conftest test tfplan.json
+
+# With specific namespace
+conftest test tfplan.json --namespace terraform.analysis
+```
+
+## TFLint
+
+**Installation and Configuration**
+```bash
+# Install tflint
+brew install tflint
+
+# Initialize tflint plugins
+tflint --init
+```
+
+**.tflint.hcl**
+```hcl
+plugin "terraform" {
+  enabled = true
+  preset  = "recommended"
+}
+
+plugin "aws" {
+  enabled = true
+  version = "0.27.0"
+  source  = "github.com/terraform-linters/tflint-ruleset-aws"
+}
+
+rule "terraform_naming_convention" {
+  enabled = true
+
+  format = "snake_case"
+}
+
+rule "terraform_required_version" {
+  enabled = true
+}
+
+rule "terraform_required_providers" {
+  enabled = true
+}
+
+rule "aws_instance_invalid_type" {
+  enabled = true
+}
+
+rule "aws_s3_bucket_encryption" {
+  enabled = true
+}
+```
+
+**Run TFLint**
+```bash
+# Run linter
+tflint
+
+# With specific config
+tflint --config=.tflint.hcl
+
+# Recursive (all subdirectories)
+tflint --recursive
+
+# Output format
+tflint --format=json
+```
+
+## Pre-commit Hooks
+
+**.pre-commit-config.yaml**
+```yaml
+repos:
+  - repo: https://github.com/antonbabenko/pre-commit-terraform
+    rev: v1.83.6
+    hooks:
+      - id: terraform_fmt
+      - id: terraform_validate
+      - id: terraform_tflint
+        args:
+          - --args=--config=__GIT_WORKING_DIR__/.tflint.hcl
+      - id: terraform_docs
+        args:
+          - --hook-config=--path-to-file=README.md
+          - --hook-config=--add-to-existing-file=true
+      - id: terraform_checkov
+        args:
+          - --args=--quiet
+          - --args=--skip-check CKV_AWS_*
+```
+
+**Setup**
+```bash
+# Install pre-commit
+pip install pre-commit
+
+# Install hooks
+pre-commit install
+
+# Run manually
+pre-commit run -a
+```
+
+## CI/CD Pipeline Testing
+
+**GitHub Actions Example**
+```yaml
+name: Terraform Test
+
+on: [pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  terraform-test:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+      - name: Setup Terraform
+        uses: hashicorp/setup-terraform@v2
+        with:
+          terraform_version: 1.6.0
+
+      - name: Terraform Format
+        run: terraform fmt -check -recursive
+
+      - name: Terraform Init
+        run: terraform init
+
+      - name: Terraform Validate
+        run: terraform validate
+
+      - name: TFLint
+        uses: terraform-linters/setup-tflint@v3
+        with:
+          tflint_version: latest
+
+      - name: Run TFLint
+        run: tflint --recursive
+
+      - name: Terraform Test
+        run: terraform test
+
+      - name: Checkov
+        uses: bridgecrewio/checkov-action@master
+        with:
+          directory: .
+          framework: terraform
+```
+
+## Best Practices
+
+- Run `terraform validate` before every commit
+- Use `terraform test` for unit and integration tests
+- Implement policy as code for security compliance
+- Run TFLint in CI/CD pipelines
+- Use pre-commit hooks for automated checks
+- Test modules with Terratest for critical infrastructure
+- Always review plan output before apply
+- Test provider upgrades in isolated environments
+- Document test scenarios and expected outcomes
+- Automate testing in pull request workflows