aigroup-workflow 2.2.1 → 2.2.2

package/skills/infra/cloud-architect/references/aws.md

@@ -1,394 +1,394 @@
-# AWS Architecture Reference
-
-Comprehensive guide for AWS services, patterns, and Well-Architected Framework implementation.
-
-## Well-Architected Framework
-
-### Six Pillars
-
-1. **Operational Excellence**
-   - Infrastructure as Code (CloudFormation, CDK, Terraform)
-   - Continuous integration/deployment
-   - Observability (CloudWatch, X-Ray)
-   - Runbooks and playbooks
-   - Game days and failure injection
-
-2. **Security**
-   - Identity and Access Management (IAM)
-   - Detective controls (GuardDuty, Security Hub)
-   - Infrastructure protection (VPC, security groups, NACLs)
-   - Data protection (KMS, encryption at rest/transit)
-   - Incident response automation
-
-3. **Reliability**
-   - Multi-AZ deployments
-   - Auto Scaling groups
-   - Route 53 health checks and failover
-   - Backup and restore (AWS Backup)
-   - Chaos engineering (AWS FIS)
-
-4. **Performance Efficiency**
-   - Right-sizing with Compute Optimizer
-   - Caching strategies (CloudFront, ElastiCache)
-   - Database optimization (RDS Performance Insights)
-   - Serverless architectures
-   - Global content delivery
-
-5. **Cost Optimization**
-   - Reserved Instances and Savings Plans
-   - Spot Instances for fault-tolerant workloads
-   - S3 Intelligent-Tiering and lifecycle policies
-   - Right-sizing recommendations
-   - Cost allocation tags and budgets
-
-6. **Sustainability**
-   - Region selection for renewable energy
-   - Serverless to minimize idle resources
-   - Efficient data storage patterns
-   - Resource utilization optimization
-
-## Core Services Architecture
-
-### Compute
-
-**EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud)**
-- Instance families: General (t3, m5), Compute (c5), Memory (r5), GPU (p3, g4)
-- Auto Scaling: Target tracking, step scaling, scheduled scaling
-- Placement groups: Cluster, partition, spread
-- Best practices: Use latest generation, right-size, enable detailed monitoring
-
-**Lambda**
-- Invocation models: Synchronous, asynchronous, event source mapping
-- Concurrency: Reserved, provisioned, burst limits
-- Layers for shared dependencies
-- Best practices: Keep functions small, use environment variables, set timeouts
-
-**ECS/EKS (Container Services)**
-- ECS: Fargate for serverless, EC2 for control
-- EKS: Managed Kubernetes with AWS integration
-- Service mesh: App Mesh for observability
-- Best practices: Use Fargate for simplicity, EKS for portability
-
-**Elastic Beanstalk**
-- Managed platform for web apps
-- Auto-scaling and load balancing included
-- Support for multiple languages and Docker
-
-### Storage
-
-**S3 (Simple Storage Service)**
-- Storage classes: Standard, IA, One Zone-IA, Glacier, Deep Archive
-- Lifecycle policies for automatic tiering
-- Versioning and MFA delete for protection
-- Cross-region replication for DR
-- Best practices: Enable versioning, use lifecycle policies, block public access
-
-**EBS (Elastic Block Store)**
-- Volume types: gp3 (general), io2 (IOPS), st1 (throughput), sc1 (cold)
-- Snapshots to S3 for backup
-- Encryption by default
-- Best practices: Use gp3 for most workloads, enable encryption
-
-**EFS (Elastic File System)**
-- NFSv4 file system for shared access
-- Performance modes: General purpose, Max I/O
-- Throughput modes: Bursting, provisioned
-- Best practices: Use lifecycle management, enable encryption
-
-**FSx**
-- FSx for Windows File Server (SMB)
-- FSx for Lustre (HPC workloads)
-- FSx for NetApp ONTAP
-- FSx for OpenZFS
-
-### Database
-
-**RDS (Relational Database Service)**
-- Engines: MySQL, PostgreSQL, MariaDB, Oracle, SQL Server, Aurora
-- Multi-AZ for high availability
-- Read replicas for scalability
-- Automated backups and point-in-time recovery
-- Best practices: Use Aurora for performance, enable Multi-AZ, use read replicas
-
-**Aurora**
-- MySQL and PostgreSQL compatible
-- 5x MySQL, 3x PostgreSQL performance
-- Global databases for cross-region DR
-- Serverless v2 for variable workloads
-- Best practices: Use Aurora Serverless for unpredictable workloads
-
-**DynamoDB**
-- NoSQL key-value and document database
-- On-demand or provisioned capacity
-- Global tables for multi-region replication
-- DynamoDB Streams for change data capture
-- Best practices: Use on-demand for unpredictable traffic, implement GSI carefully
-
-**ElastiCache**
-- Redis or Memcached in-memory caching
-- Cluster mode for Redis scalability
-- Best practices: Use for session storage, API caching
-
-### Networking
-
-**VPC (Virtual Private Cloud)**
-- CIDR planning: Avoid overlaps, plan for growth
-- Subnets: Public (IGW), private (NAT), isolated (no internet)
-- Route tables and routing decisions
-- Security groups (stateful) and NACLs (stateless)
-- Best practices: Use /16 for VPC, /24 for subnets, plan IP space
-
-**Route 53**
-- DNS service with health checks
-- Routing policies: Simple, weighted, latency, failover, geolocation
-- Best practices: Use alias records, enable DNSSEC
-
-**CloudFront**
-- Global CDN with edge locations
-- Origin types: S3, ALB, custom origins
-- Lambda@Edge for request/response manipulation
-- Best practices: Enable compression, use field-level encryption
-
-**VPN and Direct Connect**
-- Site-to-Site VPN for encrypted tunnels
-- Direct Connect for dedicated bandwidth
-- Transit Gateway for hub-and-spoke topology
-- Best practices: Use Direct Connect for high bandwidth, Transit Gateway for complex routing
-
-**API Gateway**
-- REST APIs, HTTP APIs, WebSocket APIs
-- Throttling and quotas
-- Integration with Lambda, HTTP endpoints, AWS services
-- Best practices: Use HTTP APIs for lower cost, implement caching
-
-### Security
-
-**IAM (Identity and Access Management)**
-- Principle of least privilege
-- Roles for applications, not access keys
-- MFA for privileged users
-- Service Control Policies (SCPs) for organization-wide controls
-- Best practices: Use roles, enable MFA, rotate credentials
-
-**KMS (Key Management Service)**
-- Customer managed keys (CMKs)
-- Automatic key rotation
-- Envelope encryption pattern
-- Best practices: Enable automatic rotation, use grants for temporary access
-
-**Secrets Manager**
-- Automatic rotation for RDS credentials
-- Versioning and rollback
-- Best practices: Rotate secrets regularly, use VPC endpoints
-
-**Security Hub**
-- Centralized security findings
-- CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark
-- Integration with GuardDuty, Inspector, Macie
-
-**GuardDuty**
-- Threat detection using ML
-- Monitors CloudTrail, VPC Flow Logs, DNS logs
-
-## Architecture Patterns
-
-### High Availability
-
-**Multi-AZ Pattern**
-```
-- Application Load Balancer across 3 AZs
-- Auto Scaling group with instances in each AZ
-- RDS Multi-AZ for database
-- S3 for static assets (11 9's durability)
-```
-
-**Multi-Region Pattern**
-```
-- Route 53 with health checks and failover
-- CloudFront for global distribution
-- Aurora Global Database for <1s RPO
-- S3 Cross-Region Replication
-```
-
-### Serverless Architecture
-
-**API-Driven Pattern**
-```
-API Gateway -> Lambda -> DynamoDB
-              |
-              v
-          EventBridge -> Lambda (async processing)
-```
-
-**Event-Driven Pattern**
-```
-S3 Event -> Lambda -> Process -> SNS
-                                  |
-                                  v
-                              Multiple subscribers
-```
-
-### Microservices on AWS
-
-**Container-Based**
-```
-ALB -> ECS Fargate (multiple services)
-    |
-    v
-Service Discovery (Cloud Map)
-    |
-    v
-RDS/DynamoDB per service
-```
-
-**Service Mesh**
-```
-App Mesh for traffic management
-X-Ray for distributed tracing
-CloudWatch Container Insights
-```
-
-### Data Lake Architecture
-
-```
-Data Sources -> Kinesis Data Streams
-                      |
-                      v
-              Kinesis Firehose
-                      |
-                      v
-                S3 (raw bucket)
-                      |
-                      v
-        Glue ETL or Lambda processing
-                      |
-                      v
-            S3 (processed bucket)
-                      |
-                      v
-          Athena/Redshift Spectrum
-                      |
-                      v
-              QuickSight dashboards
-```
-
-## Migration Strategies (6Rs)
-
-1. **Rehost (Lift-and-Shift)**
-   - AWS Application Migration Service (MGN)
-   - Minimal changes, quick migration
-   - Use for legacy apps with compliance constraints
-
-2. **Replatform (Lift-Tinker-and-Shift)**
-   - Migrate to RDS instead of self-managed databases
-   - Use Elastic Beanstalk instead of custom app servers
-   - Small optimizations during migration
-
-3. **Repurchase (Drop-and-Shop)**
-   - Move to SaaS (e.g., Salesforce, Workday)
-   - Reduce maintenance burden
-
-4. **Refactor/Re-architect**
-   - Modernize to serverless or containers
-   - Highest effort, highest benefit
-   - Use for competitive advantage applications
-
-5. **Retire**
-   - Decommission unused applications
-   - Reduce attack surface and costs
-
-6. **Retain**
-   - Keep on-premises temporarily
-   - Migrate later or keep for regulatory reasons
-
-## Landing Zone Design
-
-**AWS Control Tower**
-- Multi-account strategy (AWS Organizations)
-- Account factory for standardization
-- Guardrails for governance (SCPs)
-- Centralized logging (CloudTrail, Config)
-
-**Account Structure**
-```
-Root
-├── Security OU
-│   ├── Log Archive Account
-│   └── Security Tooling Account
-├── Infrastructure OU
-│   ├── Network Account (Transit Gateway, VPN)
-│   └── Shared Services Account
-└── Workloads OU
-    ├── Production Account
-    ├── Staging Account
-    └── Development Account
-```
-
-**Network Design**
-```
-Transit Gateway (hub)
-    |
-    ├── Production VPC
-    ├── Staging VPC
-    ├── Development VPC
-    └── On-premises (Direct Connect/VPN)
-```
-
-## Cost Optimization Strategies
-
-**Compute Savings**
-- Compute Savings Plans (up to 66% savings)
-- EC2 Reserved Instances (1-year or 3-year)
-- Spot Instances for batch/fault-tolerant workloads
-- Lambda: Reduce memory if possible, use reserved concurrency
-
-**Storage Savings**
-- S3 Intelligent-Tiering for unpredictable access
-- Lifecycle policies to Glacier/Deep Archive
-- EBS gp3 instead of gp2 (20% cheaper, better performance)
-- Delete unused snapshots and volumes
-
-**Database Savings**
-- Aurora Serverless v2 for variable workloads
-- RDS Reserved Instances
-- DynamoDB on-demand for unpredictable workloads
-- Read replicas in same region to reduce cross-AZ data transfer
-
-**Monitoring and Alerting**
-- AWS Cost Explorer for analysis
-- AWS Budgets for alerts
-- Cost Anomaly Detection
-- Trusted Advisor for recommendations
-
-## Disaster Recovery
-
-**RPO and RTO Targets**
-- Backup and Restore: Hours RPO/RTO (lowest cost)
-- Pilot Light: Minutes RPO, hours RTO
-- Warm Standby: Seconds RPO, minutes RTO
-- Multi-Site Active/Active: Near-zero RPO/RTO (highest cost)
-
-**Implementation**
-- AWS Backup for centralized backup management
-- Aurora Global Database for cross-region replication
-- S3 Cross-Region Replication
-- Route 53 health checks and failover routing
-- Regular DR testing with CloudFormation/Terraform
-
-## Monitoring and Observability
-
-**CloudWatch**
-- Metrics: Standard (5 min) and detailed (1 min)
-- Alarms with SNS notifications
-- Logs Insights for log analysis
-- Dashboards for visualization
-
-**X-Ray**
-- Distributed tracing for microservices
-- Service map visualization
-- Trace annotations and metadata
-
-**AWS Config**
-- Resource inventory and change tracking
-- Compliance rules evaluation
-- Relationship tracking between resources
+# AWS Architecture Reference
+
+Comprehensive guide for AWS services, patterns, and Well-Architected Framework implementation.
+
+## Well-Architected Framework
+
+### Six Pillars
+
+1. **Operational Excellence**
+   - Infrastructure as Code (CloudFormation, CDK, Terraform)
+   - Continuous integration/deployment
+   - Observability (CloudWatch, X-Ray)
+   - Runbooks and playbooks
+   - Game days and failure injection
+
+2. **Security**
+   - Identity and Access Management (IAM)
+   - Detective controls (GuardDuty, Security Hub)
+   - Infrastructure protection (VPC, security groups, NACLs)
+   - Data protection (KMS, encryption at rest/transit)
+   - Incident response automation
+
+3. **Reliability**
+   - Multi-AZ deployments
+   - Auto Scaling groups
+   - Route 53 health checks and failover
+   - Backup and restore (AWS Backup)
+   - Chaos engineering (AWS FIS)
+
+4. **Performance Efficiency**
+   - Right-sizing with Compute Optimizer
+   - Caching strategies (CloudFront, ElastiCache)
+   - Database optimization (RDS Performance Insights)
+   - Serverless architectures
+   - Global content delivery
+
+5. **Cost Optimization**
+   - Reserved Instances and Savings Plans
+   - Spot Instances for fault-tolerant workloads
+   - S3 Intelligent-Tiering and lifecycle policies
+   - Right-sizing recommendations
+   - Cost allocation tags and budgets
+
+6. **Sustainability**
+   - Region selection for renewable energy
+   - Serverless to minimize idle resources
+   - Efficient data storage patterns
+   - Resource utilization optimization
+
+## Core Services Architecture
+
+### Compute
+
+**EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud)**
+- Instance families: General (t3, m5), Compute (c5), Memory (r5), GPU (p3, g4)
+- Auto Scaling: Target tracking, step scaling, scheduled scaling
+- Placement groups: Cluster, partition, spread
+- Best practices: Use latest generation, right-size, enable detailed monitoring
+
+**Lambda**
+- Invocation models: Synchronous, asynchronous, event source mapping
+- Concurrency: Reserved, provisioned, burst limits
+- Layers for shared dependencies
+- Best practices: Keep functions small, use environment variables, set timeouts
+
+**ECS/EKS (Container Services)**
+- ECS: Fargate for serverless, EC2 for control
+- EKS: Managed Kubernetes with AWS integration
+- Service mesh: App Mesh for observability
+- Best practices: Use Fargate for simplicity, EKS for portability
+
+**Elastic Beanstalk**
+- Managed platform for web apps
+- Auto-scaling and load balancing included
+- Support for multiple languages and Docker
+
+### Storage
+
+**S3 (Simple Storage Service)**
+- Storage classes: Standard, IA, One Zone-IA, Glacier, Deep Archive
+- Lifecycle policies for automatic tiering
+- Versioning and MFA delete for protection
+- Cross-region replication for DR
+- Best practices: Enable versioning, use lifecycle policies, block public access
+
+**EBS (Elastic Block Store)**
+- Volume types: gp3 (general), io2 (IOPS), st1 (throughput), sc1 (cold)
+- Snapshots to S3 for backup
+- Encryption by default
+- Best practices: Use gp3 for most workloads, enable encryption
+
+**EFS (Elastic File System)**
+- NFSv4 file system for shared access
+- Performance modes: General purpose, Max I/O
+- Throughput modes: Bursting, provisioned
+- Best practices: Use lifecycle management, enable encryption
+
+**FSx**
+- FSx for Windows File Server (SMB)
+- FSx for Lustre (HPC workloads)
+- FSx for NetApp ONTAP
+- FSx for OpenZFS
+
+### Database
+
+**RDS (Relational Database Service)**
+- Engines: MySQL, PostgreSQL, MariaDB, Oracle, SQL Server, Aurora
+- Multi-AZ for high availability
+- Read replicas for scalability
+- Automated backups and point-in-time recovery
+- Best practices: Use Aurora for performance, enable Multi-AZ, use read replicas
+
+**Aurora**
+- MySQL and PostgreSQL compatible
+- 5x MySQL, 3x PostgreSQL performance
+- Global databases for cross-region DR
+- Serverless v2 for variable workloads
+- Best practices: Use Aurora Serverless for unpredictable workloads
+
+**DynamoDB**
+- NoSQL key-value and document database
+- On-demand or provisioned capacity
+- Global tables for multi-region replication
+- DynamoDB Streams for change data capture
+- Best practices: Use on-demand for unpredictable traffic, implement GSI carefully
+
+**ElastiCache**
+- Redis or Memcached in-memory caching
+- Cluster mode for Redis scalability
+- Best practices: Use for session storage, API caching
+
+### Networking
+
+**VPC (Virtual Private Cloud)**
+- CIDR planning: Avoid overlaps, plan for growth
+- Subnets: Public (IGW), private (NAT), isolated (no internet)
+- Route tables and routing decisions
+- Security groups (stateful) and NACLs (stateless)
+- Best practices: Use /16 for VPC, /24 for subnets, plan IP space
+
+**Route 53**
+- DNS service with health checks
+- Routing policies: Simple, weighted, latency, failover, geolocation
+- Best practices: Use alias records, enable DNSSEC
+
+**CloudFront**
+- Global CDN with edge locations
+- Origin types: S3, ALB, custom origins
+- Lambda@Edge for request/response manipulation
+- Best practices: Enable compression, use field-level encryption
+
+**VPN and Direct Connect**
+- Site-to-Site VPN for encrypted tunnels
+- Direct Connect for dedicated bandwidth
+- Transit Gateway for hub-and-spoke topology
+- Best practices: Use Direct Connect for high bandwidth, Transit Gateway for complex routing
+
+**API Gateway**
+- REST APIs, HTTP APIs, WebSocket APIs
+- Throttling and quotas
+- Integration with Lambda, HTTP endpoints, AWS services
+- Best practices: Use HTTP APIs for lower cost, implement caching
+
+### Security
+
+**IAM (Identity and Access Management)**
+- Principle of least privilege
+- Roles for applications, not access keys
+- MFA for privileged users
+- Service Control Policies (SCPs) for organization-wide controls
+- Best practices: Use roles, enable MFA, rotate credentials
+
+**KMS (Key Management Service)**
+- Customer managed keys (CMKs)
+- Automatic key rotation
+- Envelope encryption pattern
+- Best practices: Enable automatic rotation, use grants for temporary access
+
+**Secrets Manager**
+- Automatic rotation for RDS credentials
+- Versioning and rollback
+- Best practices: Rotate secrets regularly, use VPC endpoints
+
+**Security Hub**
+- Centralized security findings
+- CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark
+- Integration with GuardDuty, Inspector, Macie
+
+**GuardDuty**
+- Threat detection using ML
+- Monitors CloudTrail, VPC Flow Logs, DNS logs
+
+## Architecture Patterns
+
+### High Availability
+
+**Multi-AZ Pattern**
+```
+- Application Load Balancer across 3 AZs
+- Auto Scaling group with instances in each AZ
+- RDS Multi-AZ for database
+- S3 for static assets (11 9's durability)
+```
+
+**Multi-Region Pattern**
+```
+- Route 53 with health checks and failover
+- CloudFront for global distribution
+- Aurora Global Database for <1s RPO
+- S3 Cross-Region Replication
+```
+
+### Serverless Architecture
+
+**API-Driven Pattern**
+```
+API Gateway -> Lambda -> DynamoDB
+              |
+              v
+          EventBridge -> Lambda (async processing)
+```
+
+**Event-Driven Pattern**
+```
+S3 Event -> Lambda -> Process -> SNS
+                                  |
+                                  v
+                              Multiple subscribers
+```
+
+### Microservices on AWS
+
+**Container-Based**
+```
+ALB -> ECS Fargate (multiple services)
+    |
+    v
+Service Discovery (Cloud Map)
+    |
+    v
+RDS/DynamoDB per service
+```
+
+**Service Mesh**
+```
+App Mesh for traffic management
+X-Ray for distributed tracing
+CloudWatch Container Insights
+```
+
+### Data Lake Architecture
+
+```
+Data Sources -> Kinesis Data Streams
+                      |
+                      v
+              Kinesis Firehose
+                      |
+                      v
+                S3 (raw bucket)
+                      |
+                      v
+        Glue ETL or Lambda processing
+                      |
+                      v
+            S3 (processed bucket)
+                      |
+                      v
+          Athena/Redshift Spectrum
+                      |
+                      v
+              QuickSight dashboards
+```
+
+## Migration Strategies (6Rs)
+
+1. **Rehost (Lift-and-Shift)**
+   - AWS Application Migration Service (MGN)
+   - Minimal changes, quick migration
+   - Use for legacy apps with compliance constraints
+
+2. **Replatform (Lift-Tinker-and-Shift)**
+   - Migrate to RDS instead of self-managed databases
+   - Use Elastic Beanstalk instead of custom app servers
+   - Small optimizations during migration
+
+3. **Repurchase (Drop-and-Shop)**
+   - Move to SaaS (e.g., Salesforce, Workday)
+   - Reduce maintenance burden
+
+4. **Refactor/Re-architect**
+   - Modernize to serverless or containers
+   - Highest effort, highest benefit
+   - Use for competitive advantage applications
+
+5. **Retire**
+   - Decommission unused applications
+   - Reduce attack surface and costs
+
+6. **Retain**
+   - Keep on-premises temporarily
+   - Migrate later or keep for regulatory reasons
+
+## Landing Zone Design
+
+**AWS Control Tower**
+- Multi-account strategy (AWS Organizations)
+- Account factory for standardization
+- Guardrails for governance (SCPs)
+- Centralized logging (CloudTrail, Config)
+
+**Account Structure**
+```
+Root
+├── Security OU
+│   ├── Log Archive Account
+│   └── Security Tooling Account
+├── Infrastructure OU
+│   ├── Network Account (Transit Gateway, VPN)
+│   └── Shared Services Account
+└── Workloads OU
+    ├── Production Account
+    ├── Staging Account
+    └── Development Account
+```
+
+**Network Design**
+```
+Transit Gateway (hub)
+    |
+    ├── Production VPC
+    ├── Staging VPC
+    ├── Development VPC
+    └── On-premises (Direct Connect/VPN)
+```
+
+## Cost Optimization Strategies
+
+**Compute Savings**
+- Compute Savings Plans (up to 66% savings)
+- EC2 Reserved Instances (1-year or 3-year)
+- Spot Instances for batch/fault-tolerant workloads
+- Lambda: Reduce memory if possible, use reserved concurrency
+
+**Storage Savings**
+- S3 Intelligent-Tiering for unpredictable access
+- Lifecycle policies to Glacier/Deep Archive
+- EBS gp3 instead of gp2 (20% cheaper, better performance)
+- Delete unused snapshots and volumes
+
+**Database Savings**
+- Aurora Serverless v2 for variable workloads
+- RDS Reserved Instances
+- DynamoDB on-demand for unpredictable workloads
+- Read replicas in same region to reduce cross-AZ data transfer
+
+**Monitoring and Alerting**
+- AWS Cost Explorer for analysis
+- AWS Budgets for alerts
+- Cost Anomaly Detection
+- Trusted Advisor for recommendations
+
+## Disaster Recovery
+
+**RPO and RTO Targets**
+- Backup and Restore: Hours RPO/RTO (lowest cost)
+- Pilot Light: Minutes RPO, hours RTO
+- Warm Standby: Seconds RPO, minutes RTO
+- Multi-Site Active/Active: Near-zero RPO/RTO (highest cost)
+
+**Implementation**
+- AWS Backup for centralized backup management
+- Aurora Global Database for cross-region replication
+- S3 Cross-Region Replication
+- Route 53 health checks and failover routing
+- Regular DR testing with CloudFormation/Terraform
+
+## Monitoring and Observability
+
+**CloudWatch**
+- Metrics: Standard (5 min) and detailed (1 min)
+- Alarms with SNS notifications
+- Logs Insights for log analysis
+- Dashboards for visualization
+
+**X-Ray**
+- Distributed tracing for microservices
+- Service map visualization
+- Trace annotations and metadata
+
+**AWS Config**
+- Resource inventory and change tracking
+- Compliance rules evaluation
+- Relationship tracking between resources