@wentorai/research-plugins 1.0.0 → 1.2.0

package/skills/domains/economics/repec-economics-api/SKILL.md

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+---
+name: repec-economics-api
+description: "Access 4M+ economics working papers and articles via RePEc API"
+metadata:
+  openclaw:
+    emoji: "📊"
+    category: "domains"
+    subcategory: "economics"
+    keywords: ["RePEc", "economics papers", "working papers", "IDEAS", "EconPapers", "economic research"]
+    source: "https://ideas.repec.org/"
+---
+
+# RePEc (Research Papers in Economics) API
+
+## Overview
+
+RePEc is the largest decentralized bibliographic database for economics, indexing 4.4M+ items (working papers, journal articles, books, software) from 2,600+ publishers. It powers IDEAS and EconPapers — the two most-used economics paper search engines. The API provides metadata access and citation data. Free, no authentication required for basic access.
+
+## Access Methods
+
+### IDEAS Search API
+
+```bash
+# Search economics papers
+curl "https://ideas.repec.org/cgi-bin/htsearch?q=monetary+policy+inflation&cmd=Search&fmt=json"
+
+# Search specific types
+# Working papers
+curl "https://ideas.repec.org/cgi-bin/htsearch?q=fiscal+stimulus&ul=%%2Fp%%2F&fmt=json"
+
+# Journal articles
+curl "https://ideas.repec.org/cgi-bin/htsearch?q=trade+liberalization&ul=%%2Fa%%2F&fmt=json"
+```
+
+### RePEc Simple API
+
+```bash
+# Get metadata for a handle
+curl "https://api.repec.org/handle?handle=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:28104"
+
+# Author profile by short-id
+curl "https://api.repec.org/author?short-id=ppi1"
+
+# List items in a series
+curl "https://api.repec.org/series?series=RePEc:nbr:nberwo"
+```
+
+### CitEc Citation Data
+
+```bash
+# Get citations for a paper
+curl "https://citec.repec.org/api/plain/RePEc:nbr:nberwo:28104"
+
+# Response: list of citing paper handles
+```
+
+### LogEc Usage Statistics
+
+```bash
+# Get download/view statistics
+curl "https://logec.repec.org/scripts/paperstat.pf?h=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:28104"
+```
+
+## RePEc Handle Structure
+
+```
+RePEc:{archive}:{series}:{id}
+
+Examples:
+RePEc:nbr:nberwo:28104   → NBER Working Paper 28104
+RePEc:aea:aecrev:v:114:y:2024:i:1:p:1-25  → AER article
+RePEc:ecm:emetrp:v:92:y:2024:i:3:p:821-845 → Econometrica article
+RePEc:red:sed024:1234    → SED 2024 meeting paper
+```
+
+### Major Archives
+
+| Prefix | Publisher |
+|--------|-----------|
+| `nbr` | National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) |
+| `aea` | American Economic Association |
+| `ecm` | Econometric Society |
+| `wbk` | World Bank |
+| `imf` | International Monetary Fund |
+| `fed` | Federal Reserve System |
+| `cpr` | Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) |
+
+## Python Usage
+
+```python
+import requests
+
+IDEAS_URL = "https://ideas.repec.org/cgi-bin/htsearch"
+CITEC_URL = "https://citec.repec.org/api/plain"
+
+
+def search_economics(query: str, max_results: int = 20,
+                     paper_type: str = None) -> list:
+    """Search economics papers on IDEAS/RePEc."""
+    params = {
+        "q": query,
+        "cmd": "Search",
+        "fmt": "json",
+        "ps": max_results,
+    }
+    if paper_type == "working_papers":
+        params["ul"] = "%2Fp%2F"
+    elif paper_type == "articles":
+        params["ul"] = "%2Fa%2F"
+
+    resp = requests.get(IDEAS_URL, params=params, timeout=30)
+    resp.raise_for_status()
+    data = resp.json()
+
+    results = []
+    for item in data.get("matches", []):
+        results.append({
+            "title": item.get("title", ""),
+            "url": item.get("url", ""),
+            "handle": item.get("handle", ""),
+            "authors": item.get("authors", ""),
+            "date": item.get("date", ""),
+            "abstract": item.get("abstract", "")[:300],
+        })
+    return results
+
+
+def get_citations(handle: str) -> list:
+    """Get papers citing a given RePEc handle."""
+    resp = requests.get(f"{CITEC_URL}/{handle}", timeout=30)
+    resp.raise_for_status()
+    citations = []
+    for line in resp.text.strip().split("\n"):
+        line = line.strip()
+        if line and line.startswith("RePEc:"):
+            citations.append(line)
+    return citations
+
+
+def search_working_papers(topic: str) -> list:
+    """Search specifically for working papers."""
+    return search_economics(topic, paper_type="working_papers")
+
+
+# Example: find monetary policy research
+papers = search_economics("central bank digital currency", max_results=10)
+for p in papers:
+    print(f"[{p['date']}] {p['title']}")
+    print(f"  {p['authors']}")
+
+# Example: citation analysis
+if papers and papers[0].get("handle"):
+    cites = get_citations(papers[0]["handle"])
+    print(f"\nCited by {len(cites)} papers")
+    for c in cites[:5]:
+        print(f"  {c}")
+```
+
+## Key Data Products
+
+| Product | URL | Description |
+|---------|-----|-------------|
+| IDEAS | ideas.repec.org | Full-text search engine |
+| EconPapers | econpapers.repec.org | Alternative search interface |
+| CitEc | citec.repec.org | Citation analysis |
+| LogEc | logec.repec.org | Usage statistics |
+| AuthorService | authors.repec.org | Author profiles and rankings |
+| CollEc | collec.repec.org | Institutional research output |
+
+## Rankings
+
+RePEc publishes monthly rankings of economists, institutions, and journals based on citations, downloads, and h-index:
+
+```bash
+# Top economists
+curl "https://ideas.repec.org/top/top.person.all.html"
+
+# Top institutions
+curl "https://ideas.repec.org/top/top.inst.all.html"
+```
+
+## References
+
+- [IDEAS/RePEc](https://ideas.repec.org/)
+- [EconPapers](https://econpapers.repec.org/)
+- [RePEc Author Service](https://authors.repec.org/)
+- [CitEc](https://citec.repec.org/)
+- Zimmermann, C. (2013). "Academic Rankings with RePEc." *Econometrics* 1(3): 249-264.

package/skills/domains/economics/world-bank-data-guide/SKILL.md

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+---
+name: world-bank-data-guide
+description: "Access World Bank development indicators and country statistics"
+metadata:
+  openclaw:
+    emoji: "🌍"
+    category: "domains"
+    subcategory: "economics"
+    keywords: ["world-bank", "development", "indicators", "poverty", "economics", "statistics"]
+    source: "https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/889392-about-the-indicators-api"
+---
+
+# World Bank Data API Guide
+
+## Overview
+
+The World Bank Data API provides free access to one of the most comprehensive collections of global development data available. The Indicators API covers over 16,000 development indicators across 217 countries and territories, with time series data spanning several decades. Topics include poverty and inequality, health outcomes, education statistics, infrastructure, trade, environmental metrics, and governance indicators.
+
+This API is a cornerstone resource for researchers in development economics, public health, education policy, environmental science, and political science. The World Bank's data is widely cited in academic publications and policy documents, making it an authoritative source for cross-country comparative research.
+
+The API is entirely free, requires no authentication, and returns data in JSON, XML, or other formats. The v2 API supports pagination, filtering by date ranges and income levels, and provides metadata about indicators and data sources.
+
+## Authentication
+
+No authentication is required. The World Bank Data API is free and open.
+
+```bash
+# No API key needed
+curl "https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/US/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?format=json&date=2020:2024"
+```
+
+## Core Endpoints
+
+### Get Indicator Data by Country
+
+```
+GET https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/{country_code}/indicator/{indicator_code}?format=json
+```
+
+**Parameters:**
+- `country_code`: ISO 2-letter or 3-letter code; use `all` for all countries
+- `indicator_code`: World Bank indicator code
+- `format`: `json` or `xml` (default xml)
+- `date`: Year range (e.g., `2015:2024`)
+- `per_page`: Results per page (default 50, max 32500)
+- `page`: Page number
+
+**Common Indicators:**
+- `NY.GDP.MKTP.CD`: GDP (current US$)
+- `NY.GDP.PCAP.CD`: GDP per capita (current US$)
+- `SP.POP.TOTL`: Total population
+- `SI.POV.DDAY`: Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day
+- `SE.ADT.LITR.ZS`: Adult literacy rate
+- `SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS`: Current health expenditure (% of GDP)
+- `EN.ATM.CO2E.PC`: CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita)
+
+**Example: GDP per capita for BRICS nations:**
+
+```bash
+curl -s "https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/BR;RU;IN;CN;ZA/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?format=json&date=2019:2023&per_page=100" \
+  | python3 -m json.tool
+```
+
+### List All Indicators
+
+```bash
+curl -s "https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator?format=json&per_page=50" \
+  | python3 -m json.tool
+```
+
+### Search Indicators by Topic
+
+```bash
+curl -s "https://api.worldbank.org/v2/topic/8/indicator?format=json&per_page=20" \
+  | python3 -m json.tool
+```
+
+Topics include: 1=Agriculture, 3=Economy, 4=Education, 6=Environment, 8=Health, 11=Poverty, etc.
+
+### Get Country Metadata
+
+```bash
+curl -s "https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/CN?format=json" \
+  | python3 -m json.tool
+```
+
+### Python Example: Cross-Country Development Analysis
+
+```python
+import requests
+import time
+
+BASE_URL = "https://api.worldbank.org/v2"
+
+def get_indicator(indicator_code, countries="all", date_range="2015:2023", per_page=500):
+    """Fetch World Bank indicator data."""
+    url = f"{BASE_URL}/country/{countries}/indicator/{indicator_code}"
+    params = {
+        "format": "json",
+        "date": date_range,
+        "per_page": per_page
+    }
+    resp = requests.get(url, params=params)
+    resp.raise_for_status()
+    data = resp.json()
+    if len(data) < 2:
+        return []
+    return data[1]
+
+# Compare health expenditure vs life expectancy
+health_exp = get_indicator("SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS", countries="US;GB;DE;JP;BR;IN", date_range="2020")
+for record in health_exp:
+    if record["value"] is not None:
+        country = record["country"]["value"]
+        year = record["date"]
+        value = record["value"]
+        print(f"{country} ({year}): {value:.1f}% of GDP on health")
+```
+
+### Python Example: Build a Panel Dataset
+
+```python
+import requests
+import csv
+
+def build_panel(indicators, countries, years):
+    """Build a panel dataset from multiple World Bank indicators."""
+    panel = {}
+    for ind_code, ind_name in indicators.items():
+        url = f"https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/{countries}/indicator/{ind_code}"
+        params = {"format": "json", "date": years, "per_page": 5000}
+        resp = requests.get(url, params=params)
+        data = resp.json()
+        if len(data) < 2:
+            continue
+        for record in data[1]:
+            key = (record["country"]["id"], record["date"])
+            if key not in panel:
+                panel[key] = {"country": record["country"]["value"], "year": record["date"]}
+            panel[key][ind_name] = record["value"]
+
+    return list(panel.values())
+
+indicators = {
+    "NY.GDP.PCAP.CD": "gdp_per_capita",
+    "SP.POP.TOTL": "population",
+    "SE.ADT.LITR.ZS": "literacy_rate"
+}
+data = build_panel(indicators, "BR;IN;NG;ID", "2018:2023")
+for row in data[:10]:
+    print(row)
+```
+
+## Common Research Patterns
+
+**Development Panel Regressions:** Combine multiple indicators across countries and years to construct panel datasets for econometric analysis. Study relationships between education spending, health outcomes, and economic growth.
+
+**Poverty and Inequality Analysis:** Track poverty headcount ratios, Gini coefficients, and income share data across countries and over time to study the effectiveness of development interventions.
+
+**Environmental-Economic Nexus:** Combine CO2 emissions, renewable energy, and GDP data to study the Environmental Kuznets Curve or the decoupling of economic growth from environmental degradation.
+
+**Policy Evaluation:** Compare indicator trajectories before and after major policy reforms across treated and comparison countries using difference-in-differences or synthetic control methods.
+
+## Rate Limits and Best Practices
+
+- **No authentication required** and no strict rate limit, but keep requests to 1-2 per second
+- **Pagination:** Default 50 results per page; set `per_page=32500` for single-page retrieval of most queries
+- **Format:** Always specify `format=json` as the default is XML
+- **Null values:** Many indicators have null values for certain country-year combinations; always check for nulls
+- **Country groups:** Use aggregate codes like `EUU` (EU), `WLD` (World), `LIC` (Low Income) for pre-computed aggregates
+- **MRV parameter:** Use `MRV=1` to get the most recent value for each country when the latest year varies
+- **Bulk downloads:** For large-scale analysis, consider the bulk download options at https://data.worldbank.org/
+
+## References
+
+- World Bank Indicators API Documentation: https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/889392-about-the-indicators-api
+- World Bank Data Portal: https://data.worldbank.org/
+- World Bank Indicator List: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator
+- World Bank API Query Builder: https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/898581-api-basic-call-structures

package/skills/domains/education/academic-study-methods/SKILL.md

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+---
+name: academic-study-methods
+description: "Evidence-based study techniques for academic learning and retention"
+metadata:
+  openclaw:
+    emoji: "📚"
+    category: "domains"
+    subcategory: "education"
+    keywords: ["study methods", "learning techniques", "spaced repetition", "active recall", "academic performance", "metacognition"]
+    source: "https://clawhub.ai/ivangdavila/studying"
+---
+
+# Evidence-Based Academic Study Methods
+
+## Overview
+
+Decades of cognitive psychology research have identified which study techniques reliably improve learning and retention, and which popular methods are largely ineffective. This guide covers the most effective evidence-based strategies — spaced repetition, active recall, interleaving, elaboration, and concrete examples — with practical implementation advice for graduate students and researchers.
+
+## Effectiveness Ranking
+
+Based on Dunlosky et al. (2013) comprehensive review of 10 learning techniques:
+
+| Technique | Effectiveness | Effort | Why It Works |
+|-----------|-------------|--------|-------------|
+| **Practice testing** (active recall) | High | Medium | Strengthens retrieval pathways |
+| **Distributed practice** (spacing) | High | Low | Exploits spacing effect in memory consolidation |
+| **Interleaved practice** | Moderate-High | Medium | Improves discrimination between concepts |
+| **Elaborative interrogation** | Moderate | Low | Generates explanatory connections |
+| **Self-explanation** | Moderate | Medium | Forces integration with prior knowledge |
+| Summarization | Low | Medium | Too passive; rarely deep enough |
+| Highlighting | Low | Low | Creates illusion of learning |
+| Rereading | Low | Low | Recognition ≠ recall |
+| Keyword mnemonic | Low-Moderate | High | Works for vocabulary, not concepts |
+
+## Core Techniques
+
+### 1. Active Recall (Practice Testing)
+
+Instead of rereading notes, test yourself:
+
+```markdown
+## Implementation Strategies
+
+Flashcards:
+  - Front: Question or concept name
+  - Back: Full explanation (not just definition)
+  - Tool: Anki (spaced repetition built-in)
+  - Rule: If you can explain it without looking, you know it
+
+Blank page method:
+  1. Close all materials
+  2. Write everything you know about a topic from memory
+  3. Open materials and identify gaps
+  4. Focus next study session on the gaps
+
+Practice problems:
+  - Work through problems WITHOUT looking at solutions first
+  - Check solutions only after attempting
+  - Struggle is productive — it strengthens memory
+
+Cornell Notes method:
+  | Cue Column (30%) | Notes Column (70%)            |
+  |-------------------|-------------------------------|
+  | Key questions      | Detailed notes from lecture    |
+  | After class:       | Cover notes, use cues to recall|
+  | Summary section at bottom (written from memory)     |
+```
+
+### 2. Spaced Repetition
+
+Distribute study over time instead of cramming:
+
+```
+Cramming (massed practice):
+  Day 1: Study 4 hours → Exam Day 2 → Forget by Day 10
+
+Spaced practice:
+  Day 1: Study 1 hour
+  Day 3: Review 30 min
+  Day 7: Review 20 min
+  Day 14: Review 15 min → Retained for months
+
+Optimal spacing intervals (expanding):
+  1st review: 1 day after initial study
+  2nd review: 3 days after 1st review
+  3rd review: 7 days after 2nd review
+  4th review: 21 days after 3rd review
+  5th review: 63 days after 4th review
+```
+
+**Anki settings for academic material**:
+
+```
+Steps: 1 10 (learning steps in minutes)
+Graduating interval: 1 day
+Easy interval: 4 days
+Starting ease: 250%
+Maximum interval: 180 days (for course material)
+                  365 days (for long-term knowledge)
+New cards/day: 20-30 (adjust to workload)
+```
+
+### 3. Interleaving
+
+Mix different topics or problem types in a single study session:
+
+```
+Blocked practice (less effective):
+  Session 1: 20 calculus problems (all integration)
+  Session 2: 20 calculus problems (all differentiation)
+
+Interleaved practice (more effective):
+  Session 1: Mix of integration, differentiation, and series problems
+  Session 2: Same mix in different order
+
+Why: Forces your brain to select the right strategy, not just apply
+     the same procedure repeatedly
+```
+
+### 4. Elaborative Interrogation
+
+Ask "why" and "how" questions while studying:
+
+```markdown
+Instead of:
+  "The hippocampus is involved in memory formation."
+
+Ask yourself:
+  - WHY is the hippocampus particularly suited for this role?
+  - HOW does it interact with the prefrontal cortex?
+  - What would happen IF the hippocampus were damaged?
+  - How does this RELATE to what I learned about long-term potentiation?
+  - Can I think of a CONCRETE EXAMPLE of this process?
+```
+
+### 5. The Feynman Technique
+
+```
+Step 1: Choose a concept
+Step 2: Explain it as if teaching a 12-year-old
+  - Use simple language
+  - No jargon
+  - Draw diagrams
+Step 3: Identify gaps (where you stumble or use vague language)
+Step 4: Go back to source material for those specific gaps
+Step 5: Simplify and refine your explanation
+Step 6: Repeat until you can explain it simply and completely
+```
+
+## Weekly Study Schedule Template
+
+```markdown
+## Semester Planning
+
+For each course:
+  Hours/week = Credit hours × 2-3 (e.g., 3-credit course = 6-9 hours)
+  Split: 40% new material, 40% practice/problems, 20% review
+
+## Weekly Template (Graduate Student)
+
+Monday:    [Course A] New material + elaboration notes
+Tuesday:   [Course B] New material + elaboration notes
+Wednesday: [Course A] Practice problems (interleaved)
+           [Course B] Spaced review (Anki)
+Thursday:  [Research] Literature reading + annotation
+Friday:    [Course B] Practice problems
+           [Course A] Spaced review (Anki)
+Saturday:  [Research] Writing + data analysis
+Sunday:    Rest / light review (Anki only, 15 min)
+```
+
+## Reading Academic Papers
+
+```markdown
+## Three-Pass Method (Keshav 2007)
+
+Pass 1 (5-10 min): Skim
+  - Title, abstract, introduction, conclusions
+  - Section headings and figure captions
+  - Decide: relevant? Read further?
+
+Pass 2 (30-60 min): Comprehend
+  - Read everything except proofs/details
+  - Annotate key claims and evidence
+  - Note unfamiliar references to follow up
+  - Summarize main contribution in your own words
+
+Pass 3 (2-4 hours): Reproduce
+  - Verify every assumption and derivation
+  - Mentally re-create the work
+  - Identify strengths and weaknesses
+  - Note ideas for follow-up research
+```
+
+## Exam Preparation
+
+```markdown
+## 2-Week Exam Strategy
+
+Week 2 before:
+  - Review all lecture notes (one pass)
+  - Create summary sheets per topic
+  - Start Anki cards for key concepts
+  - Identify weak areas from practice problems
+
+Week 1 before:
+  - Focus on weak areas identified
+  - Work through past exams under timed conditions
+  - Teach concepts to study partner
+  - Daily Anki reviews (30 min)
+
+Day before:
+  - Light review only (30-60 min)
+  - No new material
+  - Prepare logistics (location, materials)
+  - Sleep ≥ 7 hours (memory consolidation requires sleep)
+
+Exam day:
+  - Brief Anki review (10 min)
+  - Arrive early, stay calm
+```
+
+## References
+
+- Dunlosky, J., et al. (2013). "Improving students' learning with effective learning techniques." *Psychological Science in the Public Interest*, 14(1), 4-58.
+- Keshav, S. (2007). "How to Read a Paper." *ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review*, 37(3), 83-84.
+- Brown, P. C., et al. (2014). *Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning*. Harvard UP.
+- [Anki Spaced Repetition Software](https://apps.ankiweb.net/)