@syllst/ja 0.2.6 → 0.2.8

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Files changed (78) hide show
  1. package/dist/index.d.ts +24 -80
  2. package/dist/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
  3. package/dist/index.js +121 -54
  4. package/dist/index.js.map +1 -0
  5. package/dist/index.umd.cjs +128 -0
  6. package/dist/index.umd.cjs.map +1 -0
  7. package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/index.d.ts +2 -5
  8. package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
  9. package/dist/syllabi/essentials/index.d.ts +2 -5
  10. package/dist/syllabi/essentials/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
  11. package/dist/syllabi/food/index.d.ts +2 -5
  12. package/dist/syllabi/food/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
  13. package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/index.d.ts +2 -5
  14. package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
  15. package/dist/syllabi/katakana/index.d.ts +2 -5
  16. package/dist/syllabi/katakana/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
  17. package/dist/syllabi/numbers/index.d.ts +2 -5
  18. package/dist/syllabi/numbers/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
  19. package/dist/syllabi/travel/index.d.ts +2 -5
  20. package/dist/syllabi/travel/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
  21. package/package.json +5 -2
  22. package/dist/shared.js +0 -26
  23. package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/index.js +0 -43
  24. package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-01.mdx.js +0 -181
  25. package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-02.mdx.js +0 -193
  26. package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-03.mdx.js +0 -169
  27. package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-04.mdx.js +0 -182
  28. package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-05.mdx.js +0 -176
  29. package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-06.mdx.js +0 -167
  30. package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-07.mdx.js +0 -168
  31. package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-08.mdx.js +0 -200
  32. package/dist/syllabi/essentials/index.js +0 -39
  33. package/dist/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-01.mdx.js +0 -207
  34. package/dist/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-02.mdx.js +0 -205
  35. package/dist/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-03.mdx.js +0 -212
  36. package/dist/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-04.mdx.js +0 -192
  37. package/dist/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-05.mdx.js +0 -213
  38. package/dist/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-06.mdx.js +0 -241
  39. package/dist/syllabi/food/index.js +0 -43
  40. package/dist/syllabi/food/lessons/lesson-01.mdx.js +0 -170
  41. package/dist/syllabi/food/lessons/lesson-02.mdx.js +0 -178
  42. package/dist/syllabi/food/lessons/lesson-03.mdx.js +0 -189
  43. package/dist/syllabi/food/lessons/lesson-04.mdx.js +0 -180
  44. package/dist/syllabi/food/lessons/lesson-05.mdx.js +0 -164
  45. package/dist/syllabi/food/lessons/lesson-06.mdx.js +0 -179
  46. package/dist/syllabi/food/lessons/lesson-07.mdx.js +0 -193
  47. package/dist/syllabi/food/lessons/lesson-08.mdx.js +0 -188
  48. package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/index.js +0 -47
  49. package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-01.mdx.js +0 -171
  50. package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-02.mdx.js +0 -160
  51. package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-03.mdx.js +0 -151
  52. package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-04.mdx.js +0 -158
  53. package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-05.mdx.js +0 -169
  54. package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-06.mdx.js +0 -174
  55. package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-07.mdx.js +0 -173
  56. package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-08.mdx.js +0 -159
  57. package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-09.mdx.js +0 -176
  58. package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-10.mdx.js +0 -199
  59. package/dist/syllabi/katakana/index.js +0 -37
  60. package/dist/syllabi/katakana/lessons/lesson-01.mdx.js +0 -196
  61. package/dist/syllabi/katakana/lessons/lesson-02.mdx.js +0 -210
  62. package/dist/syllabi/katakana/lessons/lesson-03.mdx.js +0 -214
  63. package/dist/syllabi/katakana/lessons/lesson-04.mdx.js +0 -216
  64. package/dist/syllabi/katakana/lessons/lesson-05.mdx.js +0 -259
  65. package/dist/syllabi/numbers/index.js +0 -37
  66. package/dist/syllabi/numbers/lessons/lesson-01.mdx.js +0 -190
  67. package/dist/syllabi/numbers/lessons/lesson-02.mdx.js +0 -194
  68. package/dist/syllabi/numbers/lessons/lesson-03.mdx.js +0 -197
  69. package/dist/syllabi/numbers/lessons/lesson-04.mdx.js +0 -215
  70. package/dist/syllabi/numbers/lessons/lesson-05.mdx.js +0 -227
  71. package/dist/syllabi/travel/index.js +0 -41
  72. package/dist/syllabi/travel/lessons/lesson-01.mdx.js +0 -156
  73. package/dist/syllabi/travel/lessons/lesson-02.mdx.js +0 -175
  74. package/dist/syllabi/travel/lessons/lesson-03.mdx.js +0 -177
  75. package/dist/syllabi/travel/lessons/lesson-04.mdx.js +0 -181
  76. package/dist/syllabi/travel/lessons/lesson-05.mdx.js +0 -162
  77. package/dist/syllabi/travel/lessons/lesson-06.mdx.js +0 -179
  78. package/dist/syllabi/travel/lessons/lesson-07.mdx.js +0 -194
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
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- import { createContentLoader as o } from "../../shared.js";
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- const s = {
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- id: "ja-numbers",
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- title: "すうじ (Japanese Numbers)",
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- description: "Learn Japanese numbers, counters, time, dates, and practical counting",
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- language: "ja",
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- locale: "ja-JP",
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- lessonCount: 5,
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- difficulty: "beginner",
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- cefrLevel: "A1",
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- icon: "numbers",
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- version: "0.1.0"
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- };
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- async function t(n) {
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- switch (n) {
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- case 1:
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- return import("./lessons/lesson-01.mdx.js");
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- case 2:
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- return import("./lessons/lesson-02.mdx.js");
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- case 3:
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- return import("./lessons/lesson-03.mdx.js");
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- case 4:
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- return import("./lessons/lesson-04.mdx.js");
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- case 5:
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- return import("./lessons/lesson-05.mdx.js");
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- default:
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- throw new Error(`Lesson ${n} not found`);
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- }
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- }
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- const e = o(s, t), a = e.loadLesson.bind(e), i = e.loadAllLessons.bind(e), c = e.getAvailableLessons.bind(e);
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- export {
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- s as config,
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- c as getAvailableLessons,
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- i as loadAllLessons,
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- a as loadLesson,
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- e as loader
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- };
@@ -1,190 +0,0 @@
1
- const n = `---
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- type: lesson
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- id: japanese-numbers-lesson-01
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- title: "だい 1 か — かず 1 から 10"
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- description: "Numbers 1-10: いち, に, さん with kanji (一, 二, 三...)"
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- order: 1
7
- parentId: japanese-numbers
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- difficulty: beginner
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- cefrLevel: A1
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- categories:
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- - numbers
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- - basic-counting
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- - kanji
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- metadata:
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- estimatedTime: 25
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- prerequisites: []
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- learningObjectives:
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- - id: obj-ja-num-01-read
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- description: "Read and recognize numbers 1-10 in hiragana and kanji"
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- skill: word-recognition
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- - id: obj-ja-num-01-say
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- description: "Say numbers 1-10 correctly with proper pronunciation"
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- skill: word-pronunciation
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- - id: obj-ja-num-01-write
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- description: "Write numbers 1-10 in hiragana"
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- skill: word-production
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- ---
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-
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- # だい 1 か (Lesson 1) — Numbers 1-10
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-
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- ## Introduction
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-
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- Japanese numbers from 1 to 10 are the foundation of all counting. Each number has a kanji character and a hiragana reading. Japanese also has two different reading systems for some numbers — it is important to learn which reading fits which context.
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-
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- ## Numbers 1 to 10
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-
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- :::vocabulary-set{id="ja-nums-1-10" title="Numbers 1 to 10"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="ja-num-ichi" word="いち (一)" pronunciation="ichi" meaning="1 — one"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="ja-num-ni" word="に (二)" pronunciation="ni" meaning="2 — two"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="ja-num-san" word="さん (三)" pronunciation="san" meaning="3 — three"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="ja-num-shi" word="し・よん (四)" pronunciation="shi / yon" meaning="4 — four (two readings)"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="ja-num-go" word="ご (五)" pronunciation="go" meaning="5 — five"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="ja-num-roku" word="ろく (六)" pronunciation="roku" meaning="6 — six"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="ja-num-shichi" word="しち・なな (七)" pronunciation="shichi / nana" meaning="7 — seven (two readings)"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="ja-num-hachi" word="はち (八)" pronunciation="hachi" meaning="8 — eight"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="ja-num-kyuu" word="きゅう・く (九)" pronunciation="kyuu / ku" meaning="9 — nine (two readings)"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="ja-num-juu" word="じゅう (十)" pronunciation="juu" meaning="10 — ten"}
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-
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- :::
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-
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- ## The Two Counting Systems
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-
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- Japanese has two origins for its number words:
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-
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- | Number | Chinese-origin (おんよみ) | Native Japanese (くんよみ) | Common use |
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- |--------|--------------------------|---------------------------|-----------|
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- | 4 | し (shi) | よん (yon) | よん preferred for prices, general counting |
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- | 7 | しち (shichi) | なな (nana) | なな preferred to avoid confusion with いち |
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- | 9 | く (ku) | きゅう (kyuu) | きゅう preferred (く sounds like pain/suffering) |
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-
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- For numbers 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10 — there is only one standard reading.
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-
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- ## Kanji Overview
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-
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- | Kanji | Hiragana | Number |
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- |-------|----------|--------|
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- | 一 | いち | 1 |
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- | 二 | に | 2 |
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- | 三 | さん | 3 |
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- | 四 | し / よん | 4 |
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- | 五 | ご | 5 |
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- | 六 | ろく | 6 |
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- | 七 | しち / なな | 7 |
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- | 八 | はち | 8 |
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- | 九 | きゅう / く | 9 |
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- | 十 | じゅう | 10 |
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-
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- ## Pronunciation Notes
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-
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- | Number | Watch Out For |
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- |--------|--------------|
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- | に (2) | Short vowel — not "nee," just "ni" |
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- | さん (3) | The ん is a syllable on its own: sa-n |
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- | ろく (6) | Two short syllables: ro-ku |
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- | はち (8) | The chi is like "ch" in "cheese": ha-chi |
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- | じゅう (10) | Long vowel: juu (hold the u sound) |
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-
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- ## Numbers in Japanese Script
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-
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- Here are the numbers written large so you can study them:
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-
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- | 一 | 二 | 三 | 四 | 五 |
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- |---|---|---|---|---|
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- | いち | に | さん | よん | ご |
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- | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
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-
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- | 六 | 七 | 八 | 九 | 十 |
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- |---|---|---|---|---|
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- | ろく | なな | はち | きゅう | じゅう |
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- | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
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-
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- ## Counting on Fingers
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-
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- Japanese people often hold up fingers differently from Western customs when counting:
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- - Start with your palm open (fingers extended), not closed
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- - Fold fingers down one at a time to count 1 through 5
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- - On the second hand, extend fingers from a closed fist to count 6 through 10
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-
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- ## Key Points
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-
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- 1. **Learn all ten**: Every number 11-99 is built from these ten
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- 2. **よん, なな, きゅう in daily use**: Safer for prices, times, and general counting
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- 3. **Kanji are everywhere**: Train station displays, signs, and menus all use number kanji
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- 4. **Short vowels matter**: に is not ニー, ろく is not ろく (long)
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-
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- ## Practice Exercises
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-
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- :::exercise{id="ja-num-01-read-nums" type="matching" title="Match Number to Reading" skill="word-recognition" objectiveId="obj-ja-num-01-read"}
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-
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- **Question:** Match each kanji to its hiragana reading
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-
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- - 三
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- - 六
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- - 八
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- - 十
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-
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- **Answer:**
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-
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- - 三 → さん (san)
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- - 六 → ろく (roku)
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- - 八 → はち (hachi)
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- - 十 → じゅう (juu)
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-
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- **Explanation:** These four have only one reading each (unlike 4, 7, and 9). Recognizing these kanji is essential because they appear everywhere — signs, menus, prices, train platforms.
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-
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- :::
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-
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- :::exercise{id="ja-num-01-alt-readings" type="fill-in-blank" title="Alternate Readings" skill="word-pronunciation" objectiveId="obj-ja-num-01-say"}
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-
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- **Question:** For each number, give the preferred reading for everyday use:
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-
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- 1. 4 → ___ (preferred)
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- 2. 7 → ___ (preferred)
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- 3. 9 → ___ (preferred)
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-
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- **Answer:**
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-
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- 1. 4 → **よん** (yon)
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- 2. 7 → **なな** (nana)
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- 3. 9 → **きゅう** (kyuu)
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-
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- **Explanation:** よん, なな, and きゅう are preferred in daily contexts because し sounds like death (死), しち can be confused with いち (1), and く sounds like pain (苦). Using the alternate readings avoids these associations.
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-
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- :::
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-
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- :::exercise{id="ja-num-01-write-hiragana" type="fill-in-blank" title="Write Numbers in Hiragana" skill="word-production" objectiveId="obj-ja-num-01-write"}
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-
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- **Question:** Write these numbers in hiragana:
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-
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- 1. 5
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- 2. 8
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- 3. 2
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-
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- **Answer:**
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-
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- 1. **ご**
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- 2. **はち**
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- 3. **に**
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-
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- **Explanation:** ご (5), はち (8), and に (2) each have only one reading. Knowing these without hesitation is important because you will use them constantly when counting, telling time, and shopping.
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-
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- :::
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-
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- ## What's Next
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-
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- In Lesson 2, you will learn numbers 11-100, built from the ten digits you have just learned.
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- `;
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- export {
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- n as default
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- };
@@ -1,194 +0,0 @@
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- const n = `---
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- type: lesson
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- id: japanese-numbers-lesson-02
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- title: "だい 2 か — かず 11 から 100"
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- description: "Numbers 11-100: compound numbers, special readings for 20, 30, etc."
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- order: 2
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- parentId: japanese-numbers
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- difficulty: beginner
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- cefrLevel: A1
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- categories:
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- - numbers
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- - counting
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- - compound-numbers
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- metadata:
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- estimatedTime: 30
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- prerequisites:
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- - japanese-numbers-lesson-01
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- learningObjectives:
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- - id: obj-ja-num-02-teens
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- description: "Form and read teen numbers (11-19) using じゅう + digit"
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- skill: pattern-recognition
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- - id: obj-ja-num-02-tens
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- description: "Form and read round tens (20, 30, 40...) using digit + じゅう"
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- skill: pattern-recognition
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- - id: obj-ja-num-02-compound
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- description: "Build any number from 11 to 99 by combining tens and ones"
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- skill: pattern-application
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- ---
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-
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- # だい 2 か (Lesson 2) — Numbers 11-100
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-
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- ## Introduction
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-
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- Once you know 1-10, building any number up to 99 follows a simple logical rule. Japanese numbers are completely regular — there are no irregular forms like "eleven" or "twelve" in English. Each number is simply a combination of the ones you already know.
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-
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- ## The Pattern: じゅう is the Key
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-
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- The word じゅう (十) means 10. All numbers above 10 use じゅう as their base:
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-
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- | Number | Structure | Japanese | Pronunciation |
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- |--------|-----------|----------|---------------|
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- | 11 | 10 + 1 | じゅういち | juu-ichi |
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- | 12 | 10 + 2 | じゅうに | juu-ni |
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- | 13 | 10 + 3 | じゅうさん | juu-san |
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- | 14 | 10 + 4 | じゅうよん | juu-yon |
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- | 15 | 10 + 5 | じゅうご | juu-go |
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- | 16 | 10 + 6 | じゅうろく | juu-roku |
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- | 17 | 10 + 7 | じゅうなな | juu-nana |
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- | 18 | 10 + 8 | じゅうはち | juu-hachi |
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- | 19 | 10 + 9 | じゅうきゅう | juu-kyuu |
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- | 20 | 2 x 10 | にじゅう | ni-juu |
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-
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- ## Tens: Digit + じゅう
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-
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- The tens are formed by putting the digit before じゅう:
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-
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- :::vocabulary-set{id="ja-tens" title="Round Tens 10-100"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="ja-num-juu-ten" word="じゅう (十)" pronunciation="juu" meaning="10 — ten"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="ja-num-nijuu" word="にじゅう (二十)" pronunciation="ni-juu" meaning="20 — twenty"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="ja-num-sanjuu" word="さんじゅう (三十)" pronunciation="san-juu" meaning="30 — thirty"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="ja-num-yonjuu" word="よんじゅう (四十)" pronunciation="yon-juu" meaning="40 — forty"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="ja-num-gojuu" word="ごじゅう (五十)" pronunciation="go-juu" meaning="50 — fifty"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="ja-num-rokujuu" word="ろくじゅう (六十)" pronunciation="roku-juu" meaning="60 — sixty"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="ja-num-nanajuu" word="ななじゅう (七十)" pronunciation="nana-juu" meaning="70 — seventy"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="ja-num-hachijuu" word="はちじゅう (八十)" pronunciation="hachi-juu" meaning="80 — eighty"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="ja-num-kyuujuu" word="きゅうじゅう (九十)" pronunciation="kyuu-juu" meaning="90 — ninety"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="ja-num-hyaku" word="ひゃく (百)" pronunciation="hyaku" meaning="100 — one hundred"}
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-
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- :::
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-
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- ## Compound Numbers: Tens + Ones
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-
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- Any number from 21 to 99 is formed as: tens + ones.
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-
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- | Number | Structure | Japanese | Pronunciation |
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- |--------|-----------|----------|---------------|
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- | 21 | 20 + 1 | にじゅういち | ni-juu-ichi |
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- | 35 | 30 + 5 | さんじゅうご | san-juu-go |
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- | 47 | 40 + 7 | よんじゅうなな | yon-juu-nana |
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- | 58 | 50 + 8 | ごじゅうはち | go-juu-hachi |
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- | 62 | 60 + 2 | ろくじゅうに | roku-juu-ni |
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- | 79 | 70 + 9 | ななじゅうきゅう | nana-juu-kyuu |
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- | 83 | 80 + 3 | はちじゅうさん | hachi-juu-san |
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- | 96 | 90 + 6 | きゅうじゅうろく | kyuu-juu-roku |
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-
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- ## Completely Regular
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-
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- Unlike English (eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen...) Japanese numbers are completely regular. Once you know the pattern:
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-
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- **[tens digit] + じゅう + [ones digit]**
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-
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- You can say any number from 11 to 99.
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-
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- ## Practical Uses of Numbers 11-100
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-
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- | Context | Example | Japanese |
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- |---------|---------|----------|
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- | Price | 45 yen | よんじゅうごえん |
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- | Age | 28 years old | にじゅうはっさい |
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- | Minutes | 35 minutes | さんじゅうごふん |
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- | Floors | 12th floor | じゅうにかい |
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-
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- ## Note on 100: ひゃく
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-
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- 100 is a new unit: ひゃく (百). It does not follow the pattern of smaller numbers — you cannot say じゅうじゅう for 100. ひゃく is its own word.
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-
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- | Number | Japanese | Pronunciation |
118
- |--------|----------|---------------|
119
- | 100 | ひゃく | hyaku |
120
- | 200 | にひゃく | ni-hyaku |
121
- | 300 | さんびゃく | san-byaku (note: び sound change) |
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- | 500 | ごひゃく | go-hyaku |
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- | 800 | はっぴゃく | happyaku (note: っぴ sound change) |
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-
125
- ## Key Points
126
-
127
- 1. **The pattern is: digit + じゅう + digit**: This covers all numbers 11-99
128
- 2. **No exceptions in the teens or tens**: 20 is にじゅう, 30 is さんじゅう — completely regular
129
- 3. **ひゃく is a new word for 100**: Not derived from じゅう
130
- 4. **よん, なな, きゅう**: Continue to use these preferred forms
131
-
132
- ## Practice Exercises
133
-
134
- :::exercise{id="ja-num-02-build-teens" type="fill-in-blank" title="Building Teen Numbers" skill="pattern-recognition" objectiveId="obj-ja-num-02-teens"}
135
-
136
- **Question:** Write these numbers in Japanese (hiragana):
137
-
138
- 1. 14
139
- 2. 17
140
- 3. 19
141
-
142
- **Answer:**
143
-
144
- 1. **じゅうよん** (juu-yon)
145
- 2. **じゅうなな** (juu-nana)
146
- 3. **じゅうきゅう** (juu-kyuu)
147
-
148
- **Explanation:** All teen numbers are simply じゅう + the ones digit. There are no irregular forms. Use よん (not し), なな (not しち), and きゅう (not く) for 4, 7, and 9.
149
-
150
- :::
151
-
152
- :::exercise{id="ja-num-02-build-tens" type="matching" title="Round Tens" skill="pattern-recognition" objectiveId="obj-ja-num-02-tens"}
153
-
154
- **Question:** Match each round ten to its Japanese form
155
-
156
- - 30
157
- - 60
158
- - 80
159
-
160
- **Answer:**
161
-
162
- - 30 → さんじゅう (san-juu)
163
- - 60 → ろくじゅう (roku-juu)
164
- - 80 → はちじゅう (hachi-juu)
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-
166
- **Explanation:** Round tens are formed by placing the tens digit before じゅう. さん + じゅう = さんじゅう (30). ろく + じゅう = ろくじゅう (60). はち + じゅう = はちじゅう (80).
167
-
168
- :::
169
-
170
- :::exercise{id="ja-num-02-compound-nums" type="fill-in-blank" title="Compound Numbers" skill="pattern-application" objectiveId="obj-ja-num-02-compound"}
171
-
172
- **Question:** Say these compound numbers in Japanese:
173
-
174
- 1. 42
175
- 2. 78
176
- 3. 95
177
-
178
- **Answer:**
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-
180
- 1. **よんじゅうに** (yon-juu-ni)
181
- 2. **ななじゅうはち** (nana-juu-hachi)
182
- 3. **きゅうじゅうご** (kyuu-juu-go)
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-
184
- **Explanation:** Compound numbers follow the pattern: [tens digit] + じゅう + [ones digit]. 42 = よん (4) + じゅう (10) + に (2). The structure is completely regular across all numbers 11-99.
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-
186
- :::
187
-
188
- ## What's Next
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-
190
- In Lesson 3, you will learn Japanese counters — special words used when counting objects, people, and flat things.
191
- `;
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- export {
193
- n as default
194
- };
@@ -1,197 +0,0 @@
1
- const n = `---
2
- type: lesson
3
- id: japanese-numbers-lesson-03
4
- title: "だい 3 か — かぞえかた (じょすうし)"
5
- description: "Counters: つ counter (ひとつ, ふたつ...), 人 counter for people, 個 for objects"
6
- order: 3
7
- parentId: japanese-numbers
8
- difficulty: beginner
9
- cefrLevel: A1
10
- categories:
11
- - counters
12
- - classifiers
13
- - numbers
14
- metadata:
15
- estimatedTime: 35
16
- prerequisites:
17
- - japanese-numbers-lesson-02
18
- learningObjectives:
19
- - id: obj-ja-num-03-tsu-counter
20
- description: "Use the つ counter (ひとつ through とお) for general objects"
21
- skill: word-recognition
22
- - id: obj-ja-num-03-nin-counter
23
- description: "Use 〜にん (人) counter for counting people"
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- skill: pattern-recognition
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- - id: obj-ja-num-03-apply-counter
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- description: "Apply the correct counter in simple sentences"
27
- skill: pattern-application
28
- ---
29
-
30
- # だい 3 か (Lesson 3) — Counters
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-
32
- ## Introduction
33
-
34
- Japanese uses special counting words called じょすうし (classifiers or counters) that must be attached to numbers when counting things. This is similar to English phrases like "two cups of coffee" or "three sheets of paper" — except that Japanese uses these for almost everything.
35
-
36
- ## The Universal Counter: 〜つ
37
-
38
- The most beginner-friendly counter is the native Japanese つ counter. It uses a completely different set of number words (native Japanese, not the Chinese-origin system) and works for general, uncategorized objects up to 10.
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-
40
- :::vocabulary-set{id="ja-tsu-counter" title="The つ Counter (General Objects)"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="hitotsu" word="ひとつ (一つ)" pronunciation="hitotsu" meaning="one (thing)"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="futatsu" word="ふたつ (二つ)" pronunciation="futatsu" meaning="two (things)"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="mittsu" word="みっつ (三つ)" pronunciation="mittsu" meaning="three (things)"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="yottsu" word="よっつ (四つ)" pronunciation="yottsu" meaning="four (things)"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="itsutsu" word="いつつ (五つ)" pronunciation="itsutsu" meaning="five (things)"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="muttsu" word="むっつ (六つ)" pronunciation="muttsu" meaning="six (things)"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="nanatsu" word="ななつ (七つ)" pronunciation="nanatsu" meaning="seven (things)"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="yattsu" word="やっつ (八つ)" pronunciation="yattsu" meaning="eight (things)"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="kokonotsu" word="ここのつ (九つ)" pronunciation="kokonotsu" meaning="nine (things)"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="too" word="とお (十)" pronunciation="too" meaning="ten (things)"}
61
-
62
- :::
63
-
64
- ## People Counter: 〜にん (人)
65
-
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- To count people, use the にん counter:
67
-
68
- :::vocabulary-set{id="ja-nin-counter" title="People Counter 〜にん"}
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-
70
- ::vocab-item{id="hitori" word="ひとり (一人)" pronunciation="hitori" meaning="one person (irregular)"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="futari" word="ふたり (二人)" pronunciation="futari" meaning="two people (irregular)"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="sannin" word="さんにん (三人)" pronunciation="san-nin" meaning="three people"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="yonin" word="よにん (四人)" pronunciation="yo-nin" meaning="four people"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="gonin" word="ごにん (五人)" pronunciation="go-nin" meaning="five people"}
79
-
80
- :::
81
-
82
- Note: 1 and 2 people have irregular forms (ひとり, ふたり). From 3 onward, use the number + にん.
83
-
84
- ## Object Counter: 〜こ (個)
85
-
86
- For small, round, or compact objects, use こ:
87
-
88
- :::vocabulary-set{id="ja-ko-counter" title="Object Counter 〜こ"}
89
-
90
- ::vocab-item{id="ikko" word="いっこ (一個)" pronunciation="ikko" meaning="one (small object)"}
91
-
92
- ::vocab-item{id="niko" word="にこ (二個)" pronunciation="ni-ko" meaning="two (small objects)"}
93
-
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- ::vocab-item{id="sanko" word="さんこ (三個)" pronunciation="san-ko" meaning="three (small objects)"}
95
-
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- ::vocab-item{id="yonko" word="よんこ (四個)" pronunciation="yon-ko" meaning="four (small objects)"}
97
-
98
- ::vocab-item{id="goko" word="ごこ (五個)" pronunciation="go-ko" meaning="five (small objects)"}
99
-
100
- :::
101
-
102
- ## Other Common Counters
103
-
104
- | Counter | Hiragana | Used for | Example |
105
- |---------|----------|----------|---------|
106
- | 〜まい (枚) | まい | flat things (paper, tickets, plates) | きってをにまい (two stamps) |
107
- | 〜ほん (本) | ほん | long thin things (pens, bottles, trains) | ペンをさんぼん (three pens) |
108
- | 〜ひき (匹) | ひき | small animals | ねこをにひき (two cats) |
109
- | 〜だい (台) | だい | machines, vehicles | くるまをいちだい (one car) |
110
- | 〜さつ (冊) | さつ | books, notebooks | ほんをよんさつ (four books) |
111
-
112
- ## Using Counters in Sentences
113
-
114
- | Japanese | Pronunciation | Meaning |
115
- |----------|---------------|---------|
116
- | りんごをみっつください | ringo wo mittsu kudasai | Three apples please |
117
- | ひとりでいきます | hitori de ikimasu | I will go alone (one person) |
118
- | ごにんのグループです | gonin no guruupu desu | We are a group of five |
119
- | きってをごまいください | kitte wo gomai kudasai | Five stamps please |
120
-
121
- ## When in Doubt: Use つ
122
-
123
- The つ counter is safe for most common objects when you do not know the specific counter. Japanese speakers will understand, and it is far better than not counting at all.
124
-
125
- **Safe to use つ for:**
126
- - Food items (apples, oranges, cookies)
127
- - General objects you do not know a counter for
128
- - When you are just starting out
129
-
130
- ## Key Points
131
-
132
- 1. **つ counter is your safety net**: Works for general objects up to 10
133
- 2. **ひとり and ふたり are irregular**: 1 and 2 people do not use にん
134
- 3. **Common counters to memorize first**: にん (people), まい (flat), ほん (long)
135
- 4. **The pattern is number + counter**: さんにん = 3 people, ごまい = 5 flat things
136
-
137
- ## Practice Exercises
138
-
139
- :::exercise{id="ja-num-03-tsu-counter-use" type="fill-in-blank" title="Using the つ Counter" skill="word-recognition" objectiveId="obj-ja-num-03-tsu-counter"}
140
-
141
- **Question:** Fill in the correct つ-counter form:
142
-
143
- 1. 3 apples: りんごを ___
144
- 2. 7 cookies: クッキーを ___
145
- 3. 1 thing: ___
146
-
147
- **Answer:**
148
-
149
- 1. りんごを **みっつ**
150
- 2. クッキーを **ななつ**
151
- 3. **ひとつ**
152
-
153
- **Explanation:** The つ counter uses native Japanese number words: ひとつ, ふたつ, みっつ, よっつ, いつつ, むっつ, ななつ, やっつ, ここのつ, とお. These are completely different from the Chinese-origin numbers (いち, に, さん...).
154
-
155
- :::
156
-
157
- :::exercise{id="ja-num-03-people-counter" type="matching" title="Counting People" skill="pattern-recognition" objectiveId="obj-ja-num-03-nin-counter"}
158
-
159
- **Question:** Match each number to the correct way to count people
160
-
161
- - 1 person
162
- - 2 people
163
- - 5 people
164
-
165
- **Answer:**
166
-
167
- - 1 person → ひとり (hitori) — irregular
168
- - 2 people → ふたり (futari) — irregular
169
- - 5 people → ごにん (go-nin) — regular
170
-
171
- **Explanation:** The にん (人) counter for people has two irregular forms: ひとり (1 person) and ふたり (2 people). From 3 onward, it is regular: さんにん, よにん, ごにん, etc.
172
-
173
- :::
174
-
175
- :::exercise{id="ja-num-03-choose-counter" type="multiple-choice" title="Choosing the Right Counter" skill="pattern-application" objectiveId="obj-ja-num-03-apply-counter"}
176
-
177
- **Question:** You want to ask for two tickets at a museum. Tickets are flat. Which counter do you use?
178
-
179
- **Options:**
180
- - 〜こ (individual objects)
181
- - 〜まい (flat things)
182
- - 〜ほん (long thin things)
183
- - 〜つ (general)
184
-
185
- **Answer:** 2
186
-
187
- **Explanation:** まい (枚) is the counter for flat thin things: paper, tickets, plates, sheets. にまい = two (flat things). You would say チケットをにまいください (Two tickets, please). Using つ (ふたつ) is also acceptable as a fallback.
188
-
189
- :::
190
-
191
- ## What's Next
192
-
193
- In Lesson 4, you will learn to tell time and talk about days of the week and months using numbers.
194
- `;
195
- export {
196
- n as default
197
- };