@syllst/ja 0.2.6 → 0.2.8
This diff represents the content of publicly available package versions that have been released to one of the supported registries. The information contained in this diff is provided for informational purposes only and reflects changes between package versions as they appear in their respective public registries.
- package/dist/index.d.ts +24 -80
- package/dist/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
- package/dist/index.js +121 -54
- package/dist/index.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/index.umd.cjs +128 -0
- package/dist/index.umd.cjs.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/index.d.ts +2 -5
- package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/essentials/index.d.ts +2 -5
- package/dist/syllabi/essentials/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/food/index.d.ts +2 -5
- package/dist/syllabi/food/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/index.d.ts +2 -5
- package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/katakana/index.d.ts +2 -5
- package/dist/syllabi/katakana/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/numbers/index.d.ts +2 -5
- package/dist/syllabi/numbers/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/travel/index.d.ts +2 -5
- package/dist/syllabi/travel/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
- package/package.json +5 -2
- package/dist/shared.js +0 -26
- package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/index.js +0 -43
- package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-01.mdx.js +0 -181
- package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-02.mdx.js +0 -193
- package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-03.mdx.js +0 -169
- package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-04.mdx.js +0 -182
- package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-05.mdx.js +0 -176
- package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-06.mdx.js +0 -167
- package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-07.mdx.js +0 -168
- package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-08.mdx.js +0 -200
- package/dist/syllabi/essentials/index.js +0 -39
- package/dist/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-01.mdx.js +0 -207
- package/dist/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-02.mdx.js +0 -205
- package/dist/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-03.mdx.js +0 -212
- package/dist/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-04.mdx.js +0 -192
- package/dist/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-05.mdx.js +0 -213
- package/dist/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-06.mdx.js +0 -241
- package/dist/syllabi/food/index.js +0 -43
- package/dist/syllabi/food/lessons/lesson-01.mdx.js +0 -170
- package/dist/syllabi/food/lessons/lesson-02.mdx.js +0 -178
- package/dist/syllabi/food/lessons/lesson-03.mdx.js +0 -189
- package/dist/syllabi/food/lessons/lesson-04.mdx.js +0 -180
- package/dist/syllabi/food/lessons/lesson-05.mdx.js +0 -164
- package/dist/syllabi/food/lessons/lesson-06.mdx.js +0 -179
- package/dist/syllabi/food/lessons/lesson-07.mdx.js +0 -193
- package/dist/syllabi/food/lessons/lesson-08.mdx.js +0 -188
- package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/index.js +0 -47
- package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-01.mdx.js +0 -171
- package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-02.mdx.js +0 -160
- package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-03.mdx.js +0 -151
- package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-04.mdx.js +0 -158
- package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-05.mdx.js +0 -169
- package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-06.mdx.js +0 -174
- package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-07.mdx.js +0 -173
- package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-08.mdx.js +0 -159
- package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-09.mdx.js +0 -176
- package/dist/syllabi/hiragana/lessons/lesson-10.mdx.js +0 -199
- package/dist/syllabi/katakana/index.js +0 -37
- package/dist/syllabi/katakana/lessons/lesson-01.mdx.js +0 -196
- package/dist/syllabi/katakana/lessons/lesson-02.mdx.js +0 -210
- package/dist/syllabi/katakana/lessons/lesson-03.mdx.js +0 -214
- package/dist/syllabi/katakana/lessons/lesson-04.mdx.js +0 -216
- package/dist/syllabi/katakana/lessons/lesson-05.mdx.js +0 -259
- package/dist/syllabi/numbers/index.js +0 -37
- package/dist/syllabi/numbers/lessons/lesson-01.mdx.js +0 -190
- package/dist/syllabi/numbers/lessons/lesson-02.mdx.js +0 -194
- package/dist/syllabi/numbers/lessons/lesson-03.mdx.js +0 -197
- package/dist/syllabi/numbers/lessons/lesson-04.mdx.js +0 -215
- package/dist/syllabi/numbers/lessons/lesson-05.mdx.js +0 -227
- package/dist/syllabi/travel/index.js +0 -41
- package/dist/syllabi/travel/lessons/lesson-01.mdx.js +0 -156
- package/dist/syllabi/travel/lessons/lesson-02.mdx.js +0 -175
- package/dist/syllabi/travel/lessons/lesson-03.mdx.js +0 -177
- package/dist/syllabi/travel/lessons/lesson-04.mdx.js +0 -181
- package/dist/syllabi/travel/lessons/lesson-05.mdx.js +0 -162
- package/dist/syllabi/travel/lessons/lesson-06.mdx.js +0 -179
- package/dist/syllabi/travel/lessons/lesson-07.mdx.js +0 -194
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const a = `---
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type: lesson
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id: japanese-hiragana-lesson-03
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title: "Lesson 3 — Sa-row (さしすせそ)"
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description: "Learn the さ-row: sa, shi, su, se, so"
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order: 3
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parentId: japanese-hiragana
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difficulty: beginner
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cefrLevel: A1
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categories:
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- consonants
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- basic-characters
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metadata:
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estimatedTime: 20
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prerequisites: [japanese-hiragana-lesson-02]
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learningObjectives:
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- id: obj-recognize-sa-row
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description: "Recognize the sa-row hiragana characters"
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skill: character-recognition
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references: [hiragana-sa, hiragana-shi, hiragana-su, hiragana-se, hiragana-so]
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- id: obj-sounds-sa-row
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description: "Map each sa-row character to its sound"
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skill: character-sound-mapping
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references: [hiragana-sa, hiragana-shi, hiragana-su, hiragana-se, hiragana-so]
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---
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# Lesson 3 — Sa-row (さしすせそ)
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## Introduction
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In this lesson, you will learn the **さ-row** (sa-gyō), the third row of the hiragana chart. This row combines the "s" consonant with the five vowels.
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**Important note:** The "si" character is pronounced "shi" (し), not "si". This is one of the irregularities in the hiragana chart.
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## Characters
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:::character-set{id="hiragana-sa-row" title="Hiragana Sa-row (さ行)"}
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::character{id="hiragana-sa" canonicalRef="hiragana-sa" char="さ" name="さ (sa)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="sa" data:row="sa"}
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::character{id="hiragana-shi" canonicalRef="hiragana-shi" char="し" name="し (shi)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="shi" data:row="sa"}
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::character{id="hiragana-su" canonicalRef="hiragana-su" char="す" name="す (su)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="su" data:row="sa"}
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::character{id="hiragana-se" canonicalRef="hiragana-se" char="せ" name="せ (se)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="se" data:row="sa"}
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::character{id="hiragana-so" canonicalRef="hiragana-so" char="そ" name="そ (so)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="so" data:row="sa"}
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:::
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## Pronunciation Guide
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| Character | Romaji | Sound | Notes |
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|-----------|--------|-------|-------|
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| さ | sa | /sa/ | Like "sa" in "saw" |
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| し | shi | /ɕi/ | Like "shi" in "sheep" (NOT "si") |
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| す | su | /sɯ/ | Like "soo" (unrounded lips) |
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| せ | se | /se/ | Like "se" in "set" |
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| そ | so | /so/ | Like "so" in "soap" |
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**Key Point:** し is pronounced "shi", not "si". This is a standard irregularity in Japanese. The sound is like English "she" but shorter.
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## Writing Tips
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- **さ**: Has three strokes. Starts with a horizontal stroke, then two curved strokes below.
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- **し**: Has one simple curved stroke, like a backwards "J".
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- **す**: Has two strokes forming a distinctive shape.
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- **せ**: Has three strokes, similar to せ in hiragana.
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- **そ**: Has one continuous stroke forming a distinctive curved shape.
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## Practice Words
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| Hiragana | Romaji | Meaning |
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|----------|--------|---------|
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| さけ | sake | salmon; alcohol |
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| しお | shio | salt |
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| すし | sushi | sushi |
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| そこ | soko | there; bottom |
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| かさ | kasa | umbrella |
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## Practice Recognition
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:::exercise{id="ja-hiragana-03-recognition" type="matching" title="Match Sa-row Characters" skill="character-recognition" tests="hiragana-sa,hiragana-shi,hiragana-su,hiragana-se,hiragana-so" objectiveId="obj-recognize-sa-row"}
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**Question:** Match each sa-row character to its romaji
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- さ
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- し
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- す
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- せ
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- そ
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**Answer:**
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- さ = sa
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- し = shi (not "si")
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- す = su
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- せ = se
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- そ = so
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**Explanation:** Remember that し is pronounced "shi", not "si". This is a standard pronunciation in Japanese.
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:::
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:::exercise{id="ja-hiragana-03-sounds" type="fill-in-blank" title="Sound Mapping" skill="character-sound-mapping" tests="hiragana-sa,hiragana-shi,hiragana-su,hiragana-se,hiragana-so" objectiveId="obj-sounds-sa-row"}
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**Question:** What sound does each character make?
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- さ = ___
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- し = ___
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- す = ___
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- せ = ___
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- そ = ___
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**Answer:**
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- さ = /sa/
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- し = /ɕi/ (shi)
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- す = /sɯ/
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- せ = /se/
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- そ = /so/
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**Explanation:** The し character is always pronounced "shi", never "si" in modern standard Japanese.
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:::exercise{id="ja-hiragana-03-word-reading" type="fill-in-blank" title="Read Words with Sa-row" skill="word-recognition" tests="hiragana-sa,hiragana-shi,hiragana-su,hiragana-se,hiragana-so" objectiveId="obj-recognize-sa-row"}
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**Question:** Read these words
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- すし = ___
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- しお = ___
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- かさ = ___
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**Answer:**
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- すし = "sushi" (sushi)
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- しお = "shio" (salt)
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- かさ = "kasa" (umbrella)
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**Explanation:** Notice how し is always pronounced "shi". The word すし (sushi) uses this character twice.
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:::
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## What's Next
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In Lesson 4, you will learn the た-row (ta, chi, tsu, te, to), which has two more irregular pronunciations to watch for.
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`;
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export {
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a as default
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};
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const a = `---
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type: lesson
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id: japanese-hiragana-lesson-04
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title: "Lesson 4 — Ta-row (たちつてと)"
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description: "Learn the た-row: ta, chi, tsu, te, to"
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order: 4
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parentId: japanese-hiragana
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difficulty: beginner
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cefrLevel: A1
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categories:
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- consonants
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- basic-characters
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metadata:
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estimatedTime: 20
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prerequisites: [japanese-hiragana-lesson-03]
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learningObjectives:
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- id: obj-recognize-ta-row
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description: "Recognize the ta-row hiragana characters"
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skill: character-recognition
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references: [hiragana-ta, hiragana-chi, hiragana-tsu, hiragana-te, hiragana-to]
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- id: obj-sounds-ta-row
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description: "Map each ta-row character to its sound"
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skill: character-sound-mapping
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references: [hiragana-ta, hiragana-chi, hiragana-tsu, hiragana-te, hiragana-to]
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---
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# Lesson 4 — Ta-row (たちつてと)
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## Introduction
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In this lesson, you will learn the **た-row** (ta-gyō), the fourth row of the hiragana chart. This row has **two irregular pronunciations** to remember:
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- ち is pronounced "chi", not "ti"
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- つ is pronounced "tsu", not "tu"
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## Characters
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:::character-set{id="hiragana-ta-row" title="Hiragana Ta-row (た行)"}
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::character{id="hiragana-ta" canonicalRef="hiragana-ta" char="た" name="た (ta)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="ta" data:row="ta"}
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::character{id="hiragana-chi" canonicalRef="hiragana-chi" char="ち" name="ち (chi)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="chi" data:row="ta"}
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::character{id="hiragana-tsu" canonicalRef="hiragana-tsu" char="つ" name="つ (tsu)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="tsu" data:row="ta"}
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::character{id="hiragana-te" canonicalRef="hiragana-te" char="て" name="て (te)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="te" data:row="ta"}
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::character{id="hiragana-to" canonicalRef="hiragana-to" char="と" name="と (to)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="to" data:row="ta"}
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:::
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## Pronunciation Guide
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|-----------|--------|-------|-------|
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| た | ta | /ta/ | Like "ta" in "task" |
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| ち | chi | /t͡ɕi/ | Like "chi" in "cheese" (NOT "ti") |
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| つ | tsu | /tsɯ/ | Like "tsu" in "tsunami" (NOT "tu") |
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| て | te | /te/ | Like "te" in "ten" |
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| と | to | /to/ | Like "to" in "toast" |
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**Key Points:**
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- **ち** is pronounced "chi" (like "cheese"), not "ti"
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- **つ** is pronounced "tsu" (like "tsunami"), not "tu"
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## Writing Tips
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- **た**: Has four strokes. Similar to き but with different proportions.
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- **ち**: Has two strokes forming a distinctive curved shape.
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- **つ**: Has one continuous curved stroke with a small loop, like a simplified ○.
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- **て**: Has one continuous stroke, looks like a backwards "7" with a curve.
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- **と**: Has two strokes, looks like a cursive "と".
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## Practice Words
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| Hiragana | Romaji | Meaning |
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|----------|--------|---------|
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| たこ | tako | octopus |
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| ちかい | chikai | near; oath |
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| つき | tsuki | moon |
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| て | te | hand |
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| とけい | tokei | clock |
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## Important Note: The "tsu" Sound
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The "tsu" sound in つ is unique and very common in Japanese. It's a single syllable combining "t" and "su" sounds. Practice saying "tsunami" - the first syllable is exactly this sound.
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## Practice Recognition
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:::exercise{id="ja-hiragana-04-recognition" type="matching" title="Match Ta-row Characters" skill="character-recognition" tests="hiragana-ta,hiragana-chi,hiragana-tsu,hiragana-te,hiragana-to" objectiveId="obj-recognize-ta-row"}
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**Question:** Match each ta-row character to its romaji
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- た
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- ち
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- つ
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- て
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- と
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**Answer:**
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- た = ta
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- ち = chi (not "ti")
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- つ = tsu (not "tu")
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- と = to
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**Explanation:** The ta-row has two irregularities: ち is "chi" and つ is "tsu". These pronunciations are standard in modern Japanese.
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:::
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:::exercise{id="ja-hiragana-04-sounds" type="fill-in-blank" title="Sound Mapping" skill="character-sound-mapping" tests="hiragana-ta,hiragana-chi,hiragana-tsu,hiragana-te,hiragana-to" objectiveId="obj-sounds-ta-row"}
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**Question:** What sound does each character make?
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- た = ___
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- ち = ___
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- つ = ___
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- て = ___
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- と = ___
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**Answer:**
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- た = /ta/
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- ち = /t͡ɕi/ (chi)
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- つ = /tsɯ/ (tsu)
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- て = /te/
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- と = /to/
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**Explanation:** Remember ち (chi) and つ (tsu) are the irregular ones in this row.
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:::
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:::exercise{id="ja-hiragana-04-word-reading" type="fill-in-blank" title="Read Words with Ta-row" skill="word-recognition" tests="hiragana-ta,hiragana-chi,hiragana-tsu,hiragana-te,hiragana-to" objectiveId="obj-recognize-ta-row"}
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**Question:** Read these words
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- たこ = ___
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- つき = ___
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- ちかい = ___
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**Answer:**
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- たこ = "tako" (octopus)
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- つき = "tsuki" (moon)
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- ちかい = "chikai" (near; oath)
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**Explanation:** Make sure to pronounce ち as "chi" and つ as "tsu" when reading these words.
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:::
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## What's Next
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In Lesson 5, you will learn the な-row (na, ni, nu, ne, no), which returns to regular pronunciation patterns.
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`;
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export {
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a as default
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const n = `---
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type: lesson
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id: japanese-hiragana-lesson-05
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title: "Lesson 5 — Na-row (なにぬねの)"
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description: "Learn the な-row: na, ni, nu, ne, no"
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order: 5
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parentId: japanese-hiragana
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difficulty: beginner
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cefrLevel: A1
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categories:
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- consonants
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- basic-characters
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metadata:
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estimatedTime: 20
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prerequisites: [japanese-hiragana-lesson-04]
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learningObjectives:
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- id: obj-recognize-na-row
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description: "Recognize the na-row hiragana characters"
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skill: character-recognition
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references: [hiragana-na, hiragana-ni, hiragana-nu, hiragana-ne, hiragana-no]
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- id: obj-sounds-na-row
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description: "Map each na-row character to its sound"
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skill: character-sound-mapping
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references: [hiragana-na, hiragana-ni, hiragana-nu, hiragana-ne, hiragana-no]
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---
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# Lesson 5 — Na-row (なにぬねの)
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## Introduction
|
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In this lesson, you will learn the **な-row** (na-gyō), the fifth row of the hiragana chart. Unlike the previous two rows, this row follows the regular pattern with no irregularities.
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The pattern: **n + vowel = na, ni, nu, ne, no**
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## Characters
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:::character-set{id="hiragana-na-row" title="Hiragana Na-row (な行)"}
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::character{id="hiragana-na" canonicalRef="hiragana-na" char="な" name="な (na)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="na" data:row="na"}
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::character{id="hiragana-ni" canonicalRef="hiragana-ni" char="に" name="に (ni)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="ni" data:row="na"}
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-
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::character{id="hiragana-nu" canonicalRef="hiragana-nu" char="ぬ" name="ぬ (nu)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="nu" data:row="na"}
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-
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|
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::character{id="hiragana-ne" canonicalRef="hiragana-ne" char="ね" name="ね (ne)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="ne" data:row="na"}
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|
47
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::character{id="hiragana-no" canonicalRef="hiragana-no" char="の" name="の (no)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="no" data:row="na"}
|
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|
-
|
|
49
|
-
:::
|
|
50
|
-
|
|
51
|
-
## Pronunciation Guide
|
|
52
|
-
|
|
53
|
-
| Character | Romaji | Sound | Notes |
|
|
54
|
-
|-----------|--------|-------|-------|
|
|
55
|
-
| な | na | /na/ | Like "na" in "nap" |
|
|
56
|
-
| に | ni | /ni/ | Like "knee" |
|
|
57
|
-
| ぬ | nu | /nɯ/ | Like "new" (unrounded lips) |
|
|
58
|
-
| ね | ne | /ne/ | Like "ne" in "nest" |
|
|
59
|
-
| の | no | /no/ | Like "no" in "note" |
|
|
60
|
-
|
|
61
|
-
**Good news:** All five characters in this row are pronounced exactly as you'd expect - no irregularities!
|
|
62
|
-
|
|
63
|
-
## Writing Tips
|
|
64
|
-
|
|
65
|
-
- **な**: Has four strokes. Similar to た but with a curved bottom section.
|
|
66
|
-
- **に**: Has two simple horizontal strokes, like "二" (the number 2).
|
|
67
|
-
- **ぬ**: Has two strokes forming a distinctive looped shape.
|
|
68
|
-
- **ね**: Has two strokes, looks like a cursive "n" with a loop at the bottom.
|
|
69
|
-
- **の**: Has one continuous circular stroke, one of the simplest hiragana to write.
|
|
70
|
-
|
|
71
|
-
## Practice Words
|
|
72
|
-
|
|
73
|
-
| Hiragana | Romaji | Meaning |
|
|
74
|
-
|----------|--------|---------|
|
|
75
|
-
| なつ | natsu | summer |
|
|
76
|
-
| にく | niku | meat |
|
|
77
|
-
| いぬ | inu | dog |
|
|
78
|
-
| ねこ | neko | cat |
|
|
79
|
-
| のこす | nokosu | to leave behind |
|
|
80
|
-
|
|
81
|
-
## Common Usage Note
|
|
82
|
-
|
|
83
|
-
**の** is one of the most frequently used characters in Japanese. It's a possessive particle, similar to "'s" in English.
|
|
84
|
-
|
|
85
|
-
Example: わたしのねこ (watashi no neko) = "my cat" (literally: "I's cat")
|
|
86
|
-
|
|
87
|
-
## Review: Progress So Far
|
|
88
|
-
|
|
89
|
-
Congratulations! You've now learned 25 hiragana characters:
|
|
90
|
-
|
|
91
|
-
- Vowels: あいうえお (5)
|
|
92
|
-
- Ka-row: かきくけこ (5)
|
|
93
|
-
- Sa-row: さしすせそ (5)
|
|
94
|
-
- Ta-row: たちつてと (5)
|
|
95
|
-
- Na-row: なにぬねの (5)
|
|
96
|
-
|
|
97
|
-
That's more than half of the basic hiragana chart!
|
|
98
|
-
|
|
99
|
-
## Practice Recognition
|
|
100
|
-
|
|
101
|
-
:::exercise{id="ja-hiragana-05-recognition" type="matching" title="Match Na-row Characters" skill="character-recognition" tests="hiragana-na,hiragana-ni,hiragana-nu,hiragana-ne,hiragana-no" objectiveId="obj-recognize-na-row"}
|
|
102
|
-
|
|
103
|
-
**Question:** Match each na-row character to its romaji
|
|
104
|
-
|
|
105
|
-
- な
|
|
106
|
-
- に
|
|
107
|
-
- ぬ
|
|
108
|
-
- ね
|
|
109
|
-
- の
|
|
110
|
-
|
|
111
|
-
**Answer:**
|
|
112
|
-
|
|
113
|
-
- な = na
|
|
114
|
-
- に = ni
|
|
115
|
-
- ぬ = nu
|
|
116
|
-
- ね = ne
|
|
117
|
-
- の = no
|
|
118
|
-
|
|
119
|
-
**Explanation:** The na-row follows the regular pattern - "n" consonant + each of the five vowels.
|
|
120
|
-
|
|
121
|
-
:::
|
|
122
|
-
|
|
123
|
-
:::exercise{id="ja-hiragana-05-sounds" type="fill-in-blank" title="Sound Mapping" skill="character-sound-mapping" tests="hiragana-na,hiragana-ni,hiragana-nu,hiragana-ne,hiragana-no" objectiveId="obj-sounds-na-row"}
|
|
124
|
-
|
|
125
|
-
**Question:** What sound does each character make?
|
|
126
|
-
|
|
127
|
-
- な = ___
|
|
128
|
-
- に = ___
|
|
129
|
-
- ぬ = ___
|
|
130
|
-
- ね = ___
|
|
131
|
-
- の = ___
|
|
132
|
-
|
|
133
|
-
**Answer:**
|
|
134
|
-
|
|
135
|
-
- な = /na/
|
|
136
|
-
- に = /ni/
|
|
137
|
-
- ぬ = /nɯ/
|
|
138
|
-
- ね = /ne/
|
|
139
|
-
- の = /no/
|
|
140
|
-
|
|
141
|
-
**Explanation:** All five na-row characters are pronounced regularly with no exceptions.
|
|
142
|
-
|
|
143
|
-
:::
|
|
144
|
-
|
|
145
|
-
:::exercise{id="ja-hiragana-05-word-reading" type="fill-in-blank" title="Read Words with Na-row" skill="word-recognition" tests="hiragana-na,hiragana-ni,hiragana-nu,hiragana-ne,hiragana-no" objectiveId="obj-recognize-na-row"}
|
|
146
|
-
|
|
147
|
-
**Question:** Read these words
|
|
148
|
-
|
|
149
|
-
- なつ = ___
|
|
150
|
-
- いぬ = ___
|
|
151
|
-
- ねこ = ___
|
|
152
|
-
|
|
153
|
-
**Answer:**
|
|
154
|
-
|
|
155
|
-
- なつ = "natsu" (summer)
|
|
156
|
-
- いぬ = "inu" (dog)
|
|
157
|
-
- ねこ = "neko" (cat)
|
|
158
|
-
|
|
159
|
-
**Explanation:** Two very common words here: いぬ (dog) and ねこ (cat). These are among the first words Japanese children learn.
|
|
160
|
-
|
|
161
|
-
:::
|
|
162
|
-
|
|
163
|
-
## What's Next
|
|
164
|
-
|
|
165
|
-
Continue learning the remaining hiragana rows to complete your knowledge of this essential Japanese script. The remaining rows are: ha, ma, ya, ra, wa, and the standalone ん (n).
|
|
166
|
-
`;
|
|
167
|
-
export {
|
|
168
|
-
n as default
|
|
169
|
-
};
|
|
@@ -1,174 +0,0 @@
|
|
|
1
|
-
const a = `---
|
|
2
|
-
type: lesson
|
|
3
|
-
id: japanese-hiragana-lesson-06
|
|
4
|
-
title: "Lesson 6 — Ha-row (はひふへほ)"
|
|
5
|
-
description: "Learn the は-row: ha, hi, fu, he, ho — including the unique fu sound"
|
|
6
|
-
order: 6
|
|
7
|
-
parentId: japanese-hiragana
|
|
8
|
-
difficulty: beginner
|
|
9
|
-
cefrLevel: A1
|
|
10
|
-
categories:
|
|
11
|
-
- consonants
|
|
12
|
-
- basic-characters
|
|
13
|
-
metadata:
|
|
14
|
-
estimatedTime: 20
|
|
15
|
-
prerequisites: [japanese-hiragana-lesson-05]
|
|
16
|
-
learningObjectives:
|
|
17
|
-
- id: obj-recognize-ha-row
|
|
18
|
-
description: "Recognize the ha-row hiragana characters"
|
|
19
|
-
skill: character-recognition
|
|
20
|
-
references: [hiragana-ha, hiragana-hi, hiragana-fu, hiragana-he, hiragana-ho]
|
|
21
|
-
- id: obj-sounds-ha-row
|
|
22
|
-
description: "Map each ha-row character to its sound"
|
|
23
|
-
skill: character-sound-mapping
|
|
24
|
-
references: [hiragana-ha, hiragana-hi, hiragana-fu, hiragana-he, hiragana-ho]
|
|
25
|
-
---
|
|
26
|
-
|
|
27
|
-
# Lesson 6 — Ha-row (はひふへほ)
|
|
28
|
-
|
|
29
|
-
## Introduction
|
|
30
|
-
|
|
31
|
-
In this lesson, you will learn the **は-row** (ha-gyō), the sixth row of the hiragana chart. This row contains one of Japanese's most distinctive sounds: **ふ (fu)**, which does not behave like the other characters in the row.
|
|
32
|
-
|
|
33
|
-
The pattern: **h + vowel = ha, hi, fu, he, ho**
|
|
34
|
-
|
|
35
|
-
## Characters
|
|
36
|
-
|
|
37
|
-
:::character-set{id="hiragana-ha-row" title="Hiragana Ha-row (は行)"}
|
|
38
|
-
|
|
39
|
-
::character{id="hiragana-ha" canonicalRef="hiragana-ha" char="は" name="は (ha)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="ha" data:row="ha"}
|
|
40
|
-
|
|
41
|
-
::character{id="hiragana-hi" canonicalRef="hiragana-hi" char="ひ" name="ひ (hi)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="hi" data:row="ha"}
|
|
42
|
-
|
|
43
|
-
::character{id="hiragana-fu" canonicalRef="hiragana-fu" char="ふ" name="ふ (fu)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="fu" data:row="ha"}
|
|
44
|
-
|
|
45
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::character{id="hiragana-he" canonicalRef="hiragana-he" char="へ" name="へ (he)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="he" data:row="ha"}
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46
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-
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47
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::character{id="hiragana-ho" canonicalRef="hiragana-ho" char="ほ" name="ほ (ho)" charType="hiragana" data:romaji="ho" data:row="ha"}
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48
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-
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49
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-
:::
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50
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-
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51
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## Pronunciation Guide
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52
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-
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53
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| Character | Romaji | Sound | Notes |
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54
|
-
|-----------|--------|-------|-------|
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55
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-
| は | ha | /ha/ | Like "ha" in "hot" |
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56
|
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| ひ | hi | /çi/ | Like "hee" with a soft h |
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57
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| ふ | fu | /ɸɯ/ | Not "foo" — lips almost touch but don't round |
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58
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| へ | he | /he/ | Like "he" in "help" |
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59
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| ほ | ho | /ho/ | Like "ho" in "hope" |
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60
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-
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61
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## The Unusual ふ (fu)
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62
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-
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63
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**ふ** is the most distinctive character in this row. The romanization "fu" is an approximation — the actual sound is produced by bringing the lips very close together (nearly touching) without fully rounding them, like blowing softly on hot food. It is called a bilabial fricative /ɸ/.
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64
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-
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65
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-
Compare:
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66
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- English "f": upper teeth touch lower lip
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67
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- Japanese ふ: both lips approach each other (no teeth involved)
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68
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-
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|
69
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-
Many learners find that "hu" actually gets closer to the target sound when first practicing.
|
|
70
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-
|
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71
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## Writing Tips
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72
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-
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73
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- **は**: Has three strokes. The left vertical stroke, a horizontal crossbar, and then the curved right portion.
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|
74
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- **ひ**: Has two strokes that form a shape somewhat like the number "7".
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|
75
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- **ふ**: Has four strokes. This is one of the busiest characters in the ha-row.
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|
76
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- **へ**: Has one simple stroke — a gentle mountain peak shape. This is one of the easiest hiragana to write.
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|
77
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-
- **ほ**: Has four strokes. Similar to は but with an extra curved stroke at the bottom right.
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78
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-
|
|
79
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## Practice Words
|
|
80
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-
|
|
81
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| Hiragana | Romaji | Meaning |
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|
82
|
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|----------|--------|---------|
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|
83
|
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| はな | hana | flower / nose |
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|
84
|
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| ひと | hito | person |
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|
85
|
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| ふね | fune | boat / ship |
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|
86
|
-
| へや | heya | room |
|
|
87
|
-
| ほん | hon | book |
|
|
88
|
-
|
|
89
|
-
## Special Note: は as a Particle
|
|
90
|
-
|
|
91
|
-
**は** has a special role in Japanese grammar. When used as a **topic marker particle**, it is pronounced "wa" (not "ha"). This is one of the most common irregular pronunciations beginners encounter.
|
|
92
|
-
|
|
93
|
-
Example: わたし**は** がくせいです。(Watashi **wa** gakusei desu.) — "I am a student."
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|
94
|
-
|
|
95
|
-
As a particle, **は** = "wa". As the start of a word, **は** = "ha".
|
|
96
|
-
|
|
97
|
-
## Key Points
|
|
98
|
-
|
|
99
|
-
1. **ふ is unique**: No other Japanese consonant uses the bilabial fricative /ɸ/.
|
|
100
|
-
2. **は becomes wa**: When used as a grammatical particle, は is read as "wa".
|
|
101
|
-
3. **へ is the simplest**: One stroke only — easy to write and recognize.
|
|
102
|
-
4. **ほ resembles は**: They look similar; note that ほ has an additional curved element.
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|
103
|
-
|
|
104
|
-
## Practice Recognition
|
|
105
|
-
|
|
106
|
-
:::exercise{id="ja-hiragana-06-recognition" type="matching" title="Match Ha-row Characters" skill="character-recognition" tests="hiragana-ha,hiragana-hi,hiragana-fu,hiragana-he,hiragana-ho" objectiveId="obj-recognize-ha-row"}
|
|
107
|
-
|
|
108
|
-
**Question:** Match each ha-row character to its romaji
|
|
109
|
-
|
|
110
|
-
- は
|
|
111
|
-
- ひ
|
|
112
|
-
- ふ
|
|
113
|
-
- へ
|
|
114
|
-
- ほ
|
|
115
|
-
|
|
116
|
-
**Answer:**
|
|
117
|
-
|
|
118
|
-
- は = ha
|
|
119
|
-
- ひ = hi
|
|
120
|
-
- ふ = fu
|
|
121
|
-
- へ = he
|
|
122
|
-
- ほ = ho
|
|
123
|
-
|
|
124
|
-
**Explanation:** The ha-row follows the h + vowel pattern except for ふ, which uses the bilabial fricative sound rather than a true "hu."
|
|
125
|
-
|
|
126
|
-
:::
|
|
127
|
-
|
|
128
|
-
:::exercise{id="ja-hiragana-06-sounds" type="fill-in-blank" title="Sound Mapping" skill="character-sound-mapping" tests="hiragana-ha,hiragana-hi,hiragana-fu,hiragana-he,hiragana-ho" objectiveId="obj-sounds-ha-row"}
|
|
129
|
-
|
|
130
|
-
**Question:** What sound does each character make?
|
|
131
|
-
|
|
132
|
-
- は = ___
|
|
133
|
-
- ひ = ___
|
|
134
|
-
- ふ = ___
|
|
135
|
-
- へ = ___
|
|
136
|
-
- ほ = ___
|
|
137
|
-
|
|
138
|
-
**Answer:**
|
|
139
|
-
|
|
140
|
-
- は = /ha/
|
|
141
|
-
- ひ = /çi/
|
|
142
|
-
- ふ = /ɸɯ/ (bilabial fricative, romanized as "fu")
|
|
143
|
-
- へ = /he/
|
|
144
|
-
- ほ = /ho/
|
|
145
|
-
|
|
146
|
-
**Explanation:** ふ is the irregular member — it uses a bilabial fricative /ɸ/ rather than the /h/ used by its row-mates.
|
|
147
|
-
|
|
148
|
-
:::
|
|
149
|
-
|
|
150
|
-
:::exercise{id="ja-hiragana-06-word-reading" type="fill-in-blank" title="Read Words with Ha-row" skill="word-recognition" tests="hiragana-ha,hiragana-fu,hiragana-ho" objectiveId="obj-recognize-ha-row"}
|
|
151
|
-
|
|
152
|
-
**Question:** Read these words
|
|
153
|
-
|
|
154
|
-
- はな = ___
|
|
155
|
-
- ふね = ___
|
|
156
|
-
- ほん = ___
|
|
157
|
-
|
|
158
|
-
**Answer:**
|
|
159
|
-
|
|
160
|
-
- はな = "hana" (flower / nose)
|
|
161
|
-
- ふね = "fune" (boat)
|
|
162
|
-
- ほん = "hon" (book)
|
|
163
|
-
|
|
164
|
-
**Explanation:** ほん (book) is an extremely common word in Japanese — you will see it constantly.
|
|
165
|
-
|
|
166
|
-
:::
|
|
167
|
-
|
|
168
|
-
## What's Next
|
|
169
|
-
|
|
170
|
-
In Lesson 7, you will learn the **ま-row** (ma, mi, mu, me, mo), which is one of the most regular rows in hiragana with no pronunciation irregularities.
|
|
171
|
-
`;
|
|
172
|
-
export {
|
|
173
|
-
a as default
|
|
174
|
-
};
|