@cesium/engine 23.0.1 → 25.0.0

package/Source/Core/Matrix2.js

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+// @ts-check
+
 import Cartesian2 from "./Cartesian2.js";
 import Check from "./Check.js";
 import defined from "./defined.js";
@@ -6,14 +8,8 @@ import DeveloperError from "./DeveloperError.js";
 /**
  * A 2x2 matrix, indexable as a column-major order array.
  * Constructor parameters are in row-major order for code readability.
- * @alias Matrix2
- * @constructor
- * @implements {ArrayLike<number>}
  *
- * @param {number} [column0Row0=0.0] The value for column 0, row 0.
- * @param {number} [column1Row0=0.0] The value for column 1, row 0.
- * @param {number} [column0Row1=0.0] The value for column 0, row 1.
- * @param {number} [column1Row1=0.0] The value for column 1, row 1.
+ * @implements {ArrayLike<number>}
  *
  * @see Matrix2.fromArray
  * @see Matrix2.fromColumnMajorArray
@@ -24,949 +20,1016 @@ import DeveloperError from "./DeveloperError.js";
  * @see Matrix3
  * @see Matrix4
  */
-function Matrix2(column0Row0, column1Row0, column0Row1, column1Row1) {
-  this[0] = column0Row0 ?? 0.0;
-  this[1] = column0Row1 ?? 0.0;
-  this[2] = column1Row0 ?? 0.0;
-  this[3] = column1Row1 ?? 0.0;
-}
+// @ts-expect-error TODO(tsd-jsdoc): Requires index signature support.
+class Matrix2 {
+  /**
+   * @param {number} [column0Row0=0.0] The value for column 0, row 0.
+   * @param {number} [column1Row0=0.0] The value for column 1, row 0.
+   * @param {number} [column0Row1=0.0] The value for column 0, row 1.
+   * @param {number} [column1Row1=0.0] The value for column 1, row 1.
+   */
+  constructor(column0Row0, column1Row0, column0Row1, column1Row1) {
+    this[0] = column0Row0 ?? 0.0;
+    this[1] = column0Row1 ?? 0.0;
+    this[2] = column1Row0 ?? 0.0;
+    this[3] = column1Row1 ?? 0.0;
+  }
 
-/**
- * The number of elements used to pack the object into an array.
- * @type {number}
- */
-Matrix2.packedLength = 4;
+  /**
+   * Stores the provided instance into the provided array.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix2} value The value to pack.
+   * @param {number[]} array The array to pack into.
+   * @param {number} [startingIndex=0] The index into the array at which to start packing the elements.
+   *
+   * @returns {number[]} The array that was packed into
+   */
+  static pack(value, array, startingIndex) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.typeOf.object("value", value);
+    Check.defined("array", array);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
 
-/**
- * Stores the provided instance into the provided array.
- *
- * @param {Matrix2} value The value to pack.
- * @param {number[]} array The array to pack into.
- * @param {number} [startingIndex=0] The index into the array at which to start packing the elements.
- *
- * @returns {number[]} The array that was packed into
- */
-Matrix2.pack = function (value, array, startingIndex) {
-  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
-  Check.typeOf.object("value", value);
-  Check.defined("array", array);
-  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+    startingIndex = startingIndex ?? 0;
 
-  startingIndex = startingIndex ?? 0;
+    array[startingIndex++] = value[0];
+    array[startingIndex++] = value[1];
+    array[startingIndex++] = value[2];
+    array[startingIndex++] = value[3];
 
-  array[startingIndex++] = value[0];
-  array[startingIndex++] = value[1];
-  array[startingIndex++] = value[2];
-  array[startingIndex++] = value[3];
+    return array;
+  }
 
-  return array;
-};
+  /**
+   * Retrieves an instance from a packed array.
+   *
+   * @param {number[]} array The packed array.
+   * @param {number} [startingIndex=0] The starting index of the element to be unpacked.
+   * @param {Matrix2} [result] The object into which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter or a new Matrix2 instance if one was not provided.
+   */
+  static unpack(array, startingIndex, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.defined("array", array);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
 
-/**
- * Retrieves an instance from a packed array.
- *
- * @param {number[]} array The packed array.
- * @param {number} [startingIndex=0] The starting index of the element to be unpacked.
- * @param {Matrix2} [result] The object into which to store the result.
- * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter or a new Matrix2 instance if one was not provided.
- */
-Matrix2.unpack = function (array, startingIndex, result) {
-  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
-  Check.defined("array", array);
-  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+    startingIndex = startingIndex ?? 0;
 
-  startingIndex = startingIndex ?? 0;
+    if (!defined(result)) {
+      result = new Matrix2();
+    }
 
-  if (!defined(result)) {
-    result = new Matrix2();
+    result[0] = array[startingIndex++];
+    result[1] = array[startingIndex++];
+    result[2] = array[startingIndex++];
+    result[3] = array[startingIndex++];
+    return result;
   }
 
-  result[0] = array[startingIndex++];
-  result[1] = array[startingIndex++];
-  result[2] = array[startingIndex++];
-  result[3] = array[startingIndex++];
-  return result;
-};
-
-/**
- * Flattens an array of Matrix2s into an array of components. The components
- * are stored in column-major order.
- *
- * @param {Matrix2[]} array The array of matrices to pack.
- * @param {number[]} [result] The array onto which to store the result. If this is a typed array, it must have array.length * 4 components, else a {@link DeveloperError} will be thrown. If it is a regular array, it will be resized to have (array.length * 4) elements.
- * @returns {number[]} The packed array.
- */
-Matrix2.packArray = function (array, result) {
-  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
-  Check.defined("array", array);
-  //>>includeEnd('debug');
-
-  const length = array.length;
-  const resultLength = length * 4;
-  if (!defined(result)) {
-    result = new Array(resultLength);
-  } else if (!Array.isArray(result) && result.length !== resultLength) {
+  /**
+   * Flattens an array of Matrix2s into an array of components. The components
+   * are stored in column-major order.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix2[]} array The array of matrices to pack.
+   * @param {number[]} [result] The array onto which to store the result. If this is a typed array, it must have array.length * 4 components, else a {@link DeveloperError} will be thrown. If it is a regular array, it will be resized to have (array.length * 4) elements.
+   * @returns {number[]} The packed array.
+   */
+  static packArray(array, result) {
     //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
-    throw new DeveloperError(
-      "If result is a typed array, it must have exactly array.length * 4 elements",
-    );
+    Check.defined("array", array);
     //>>includeEnd('debug');
-  } else if (result.length !== resultLength) {
-    result.length = resultLength;
-  }
 
-  for (let i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
-    Matrix2.pack(array[i], result, i * 4);
+    const length = array.length;
+    const resultLength = length * 4;
+    if (!defined(result)) {
+      result = new Array(resultLength);
+      // @ts-expect-error TODO(tsd-jsdoc): Requires conditional TypedArray types.
+    } else if (!Array.isArray(result) && result.length !== resultLength) {
+      //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+      throw new DeveloperError(
+        "If result is a typed array, it must have exactly array.length * 4 elements",
+      );
+      //>>includeEnd('debug');
+    } else if (result.length !== resultLength) {
+      /** @type {number[]} */ (result).length = resultLength;
+    }
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
+      Matrix2.pack(array[i], result, i * 4);
+    }
+
+    return result;
   }
-  return result;
-};
 
-/**
- * Unpacks an array of column-major matrix components into an array of Matrix2s.
- *
- * @param {number[]} array The array of components to unpack.
- * @param {Matrix2[]} [result] The array onto which to store the result.
- * @returns {Matrix2[]} The unpacked array.
- */
-Matrix2.unpackArray = function (array, result) {
-  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
-  Check.defined("array", array);
-  Check.typeOf.number.greaterThanOrEquals("array.length", array.length, 4);
-  if (array.length % 4 !== 0) {
-    throw new DeveloperError("array length must be a multiple of 4.");
+  /**
+   * Unpacks an array of column-major matrix components into an array of Matrix2s.
+   *
+   * @param {number[]} array The array of components to unpack.
+   * @param {Matrix2[]} [result] The array onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix2[]} The unpacked array.
+   */
+  static unpackArray(array, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.defined("array", array);
+    Check.typeOf.number.greaterThanOrEquals("array.length", array.length, 4);
+    if (array.length % 4 !== 0) {
+      throw new DeveloperError("array length must be a multiple of 4.");
+    }
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    const length = array.length;
+    if (!defined(result)) {
+      result = new Array(length / 4);
+    } else {
+      result.length = length / 4;
+    }
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < length; i += 4) {
+      const index = i / 4;
+      result[index] = Matrix2.unpack(array, i, result[index]);
+    }
+    return result;
   }
-  //>>includeEnd('debug');
 
-  const length = array.length;
-  if (!defined(result)) {
-    result = new Array(length / 4);
-  } else {
-    result.length = length / 4;
+  /**
+   * Duplicates a Matrix2 instance.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix2} matrix The matrix to duplicate.
+   * @param {Matrix2} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter or a new Matrix2 instance if one was not provided. (Returns undefined if matrix is undefined)
+   */
+  static clone(matrix, result) {
+    if (!defined(matrix)) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+    if (!defined(result)) {
+      return new Matrix2(matrix[0], matrix[2], matrix[1], matrix[3]);
+    }
+    result[0] = matrix[0];
+    result[1] = matrix[1];
+    result[2] = matrix[2];
+    result[3] = matrix[3];
+    return result;
   }
 
-  for (let i = 0; i < length; i += 4) {
-    const index = i / 4;
-    result[index] = Matrix2.unpack(array, i, result[index]);
+  /**
+   * Creates a Matrix2 instance from a column-major order array.
+   *
+   * @param {number[]} values The column-major order array.
+   * @param {Matrix2} [result] The object in which the result will be stored, if undefined a new instance will be created.
+   * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter, or a new Matrix2 instance if one was not provided.
+   */
+  static fromColumnMajorArray(values, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.defined("values", values);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    // @ts-expect-error TODO(tsd-jsdoc): Requires index signature support.
+    return Matrix2.clone(values, result);
   }
-  return result;
-};
 
-/**
- * Duplicates a Matrix2 instance.
- *
- * @param {Matrix2} matrix The matrix to duplicate.
- * @param {Matrix2} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
- * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter or a new Matrix2 instance if one was not provided. (Returns undefined if matrix is undefined)
- */
-Matrix2.clone = function (matrix, result) {
-  if (!defined(matrix)) {
-    return undefined;
+  /**
+   * Creates a Matrix2 instance from a row-major order array.
+   * The resulting matrix will be in column-major order.
+   *
+   * @param {number[]} values The row-major order array.
+   * @param {Matrix2} [result] The object in which the result will be stored, if undefined a new instance will be created.
+   * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter, or a new Matrix2 instance if one was not provided.
+   */
+  static fromRowMajorArray(values, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.defined("values", values);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    if (!defined(result)) {
+      return new Matrix2(values[0], values[1], values[2], values[3]);
+    }
+    result[0] = values[0];
+    result[1] = values[2];
+    result[2] = values[1];
+    result[3] = values[3];
+    return result;
   }
-  if (!defined(result)) {
-    return new Matrix2(matrix[0], matrix[2], matrix[1], matrix[3]);
+
+  /**
+   * Computes a Matrix2 instance representing a non-uniform scale.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian2} scale The x and y scale factors.
+   * @param {Matrix2} [result] The object in which the result will be stored, if undefined a new instance will be created.
+   * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter, or a new Matrix2 instance if one was not provided.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * // Creates
+   * //   [7.0, 0.0]
+   * //   [0.0, 8.0]
+   * const m = Cesium.Matrix2.fromScale(new Cesium.Cartesian2(7.0, 8.0));
+   */
+  static fromScale(scale, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.typeOf.object("scale", scale);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    if (!defined(result)) {
+      return new Matrix2(scale.x, 0.0, 0.0, scale.y);
+    }
+
+    result[0] = scale.x;
+    result[1] = 0.0;
+    result[2] = 0.0;
+    result[3] = scale.y;
+    return result;
   }
-  result[0] = matrix[0];
-  result[1] = matrix[1];
-  result[2] = matrix[2];
-  result[3] = matrix[3];
-  return result;
-};
 
-/**
- * Creates a Matrix2 from 4 consecutive elements in an array.
- *
- * @function
- * @param {number[]} array The array whose 4 consecutive elements correspond to the positions of the matrix.  Assumes column-major order.
- * @param {number} [startingIndex=0] The offset into the array of the first element, which corresponds to first column first row position in the matrix.
- * @param {Matrix2} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
- * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter or a new Matrix2 instance if one was not provided.
- *
- * @example
- * // Create the Matrix2:
- * // [1.0, 2.0]
- * // [1.0, 2.0]
- *
- * const v = [1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 2.0];
- * const m = Cesium.Matrix2.fromArray(v);
- *
- * // Create same Matrix2 with using an offset into an array
- * const v2 = [0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 2.0];
- * const m2 = Cesium.Matrix2.fromArray(v2, 2);
- */
-Matrix2.fromArray = Matrix2.unpack;
-/**
- * Creates a Matrix2 instance from a column-major order array.
- *
- * @param {number[]} values The column-major order array.
- * @param {Matrix2} [result] The object in which the result will be stored, if undefined a new instance will be created.
- * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter, or a new Matrix2 instance if one was not provided.
- */
-Matrix2.fromColumnMajorArray = function (values, result) {
-  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
-  Check.defined("values", values);
-  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+  /**
+   * Computes a Matrix2 instance representing a uniform scale.
+   *
+   * @param {number} scale The uniform scale factor.
+   * @param {Matrix2} [result] The object in which the result will be stored, if undefined a new instance will be created.
+   * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter, or a new Matrix2 instance if one was not provided.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * // Creates
+   * //   [2.0, 0.0]
+   * //   [0.0, 2.0]
+   * const m = Cesium.Matrix2.fromUniformScale(2.0);
+   */
+  static fromUniformScale(scale, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.typeOf.number("scale", scale);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
 
-  return Matrix2.clone(values, result);
-};
+    if (!defined(result)) {
+      return new Matrix2(scale, 0.0, 0.0, scale);
+    }
 
-/**
- * Creates a Matrix2 instance from a row-major order array.
- * The resulting matrix will be in column-major order.
- *
- * @param {number[]} values The row-major order array.
- * @param {Matrix2} [result] The object in which the result will be stored, if undefined a new instance will be created.
- * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter, or a new Matrix2 instance if one was not provided.
- */
-Matrix2.fromRowMajorArray = function (values, result) {
-  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
-  Check.defined("values", values);
-  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+    result[0] = scale;
+    result[1] = 0.0;
+    result[2] = 0.0;
+    result[3] = scale;
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a rotation matrix.
+   *
+   * @param {number} angle The angle, in radians, of the rotation.  Positive angles are counterclockwise.
+   * @param {Matrix2} [result] The object in which the result will be stored, if undefined a new instance will be created.
+   * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter, or a new Matrix2 instance if one was not provided.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * // Rotate a point 45 degrees counterclockwise.
+   * const p = new Cesium.Cartesian2(5, 6);
+   * const m = Cesium.Matrix2.fromRotation(Cesium.Math.toRadians(45.0));
+   * const rotated = Cesium.Matrix2.multiplyByVector(m, p, new Cesium.Cartesian2());
+   */
+  static fromRotation(angle, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.typeOf.number("angle", angle);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
 
-  if (!defined(result)) {
-    return new Matrix2(values[0], values[1], values[2], values[3]);
+    const cosAngle = Math.cos(angle);
+    const sinAngle = Math.sin(angle);
+
+    if (!defined(result)) {
+      return new Matrix2(cosAngle, -sinAngle, sinAngle, cosAngle);
+    }
+    result[0] = cosAngle;
+    result[1] = sinAngle;
+    result[2] = -sinAngle;
+    result[3] = cosAngle;
+    return result;
   }
-  result[0] = values[0];
-  result[1] = values[2];
-  result[2] = values[1];
-  result[3] = values[3];
-  return result;
-};
 
-/**
- * Computes a Matrix2 instance representing a non-uniform scale.
- *
- * @param {Cartesian2} scale The x and y scale factors.
- * @param {Matrix2} [result] The object in which the result will be stored, if undefined a new instance will be created.
- * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter, or a new Matrix2 instance if one was not provided.
- *
- * @example
- * // Creates
- * //   [7.0, 0.0]
- * //   [0.0, 8.0]
- * const m = Cesium.Matrix2.fromScale(new Cesium.Cartesian2(7.0, 8.0));
- */
-Matrix2.fromScale = function (scale, result) {
-  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
-  Check.typeOf.object("scale", scale);
-  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+  /**
+   * Creates an Array from the provided Matrix2 instance.
+   * The array will be in column-major order.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix2} matrix The matrix to use..
+   * @param {number[]} [result] The Array onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {number[]} The modified Array parameter or a new Array instance if one was not provided.
+   */
+  static toArray(matrix, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
 
-  if (!defined(result)) {
-    return new Matrix2(scale.x, 0.0, 0.0, scale.y);
+    if (!defined(result)) {
+      return [matrix[0], matrix[1], matrix[2], matrix[3]];
+    }
+    result[0] = matrix[0];
+    result[1] = matrix[1];
+    result[2] = matrix[2];
+    result[3] = matrix[3];
+    return result;
   }
 
-  result[0] = scale.x;
-  result[1] = 0.0;
-  result[2] = 0.0;
-  result[3] = scale.y;
-  return result;
-};
+  /**
+   * Computes the array index of the element at the provided row and column.
+   *
+   * @param {number} row The zero-based index of the row.
+   * @param {number} column The zero-based index of the column.
+   * @returns {number} The index of the element at the provided row and column.
+   *
+   * @exception {DeveloperError} row must be 0 or 1.
+   * @exception {DeveloperError} column must be 0 or 1.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * const myMatrix = new Cesium.Matrix2();
+   * const column1Row0Index = Cesium.Matrix2.getElementIndex(1, 0);
+   * const column1Row0 = myMatrix[column1Row0Index]
+   * myMatrix[column1Row0Index] = 10.0;
+   */
+  static getElementIndex(column, row) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.typeOf.number.greaterThanOrEquals("row", row, 0);
+    Check.typeOf.number.lessThanOrEquals("row", row, 1);
 
-/**
- * Computes a Matrix2 instance representing a uniform scale.
- *
- * @param {number} scale The uniform scale factor.
- * @param {Matrix2} [result] The object in which the result will be stored, if undefined a new instance will be created.
- * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter, or a new Matrix2 instance if one was not provided.
- *
- * @example
- * // Creates
- * //   [2.0, 0.0]
- * //   [0.0, 2.0]
- * const m = Cesium.Matrix2.fromUniformScale(2.0);
- */
-Matrix2.fromUniformScale = function (scale, result) {
-  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
-  Check.typeOf.number("scale", scale);
-  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+    Check.typeOf.number.greaterThanOrEquals("column", column, 0);
+    Check.typeOf.number.lessThanOrEquals("column", column, 1);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
 
-  if (!defined(result)) {
-    return new Matrix2(scale, 0.0, 0.0, scale);
+    return column * 2 + row;
   }
 
-  result[0] = scale;
-  result[1] = 0.0;
-  result[2] = 0.0;
-  result[3] = scale;
-  return result;
-};
+  /**
+   * Retrieves a copy of the matrix column at the provided index as a Cartesian2 instance.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix2} matrix The matrix to use.
+   * @param {number} index The zero-based index of the column to retrieve.
+   * @param {Cartesian2} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian2} The modified result parameter.
+   *
+   * @exception {DeveloperError} index must be 0 or 1.
+   */
+  static getColumn(matrix, index, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
 
-/**
- * Creates a rotation matrix.
- *
- * @param {number} angle The angle, in radians, of the rotation.  Positive angles are counterclockwise.
- * @param {Matrix2} [result] The object in which the result will be stored, if undefined a new instance will be created.
- * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter, or a new Matrix2 instance if one was not provided.
- *
- * @example
- * // Rotate a point 45 degrees counterclockwise.
- * const p = new Cesium.Cartesian2(5, 6);
- * const m = Cesium.Matrix2.fromRotation(Cesium.Math.toRadians(45.0));
- * const rotated = Cesium.Matrix2.multiplyByVector(m, p, new Cesium.Cartesian2());
- */
-Matrix2.fromRotation = function (angle, result) {
-  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
-  Check.typeOf.number("angle", angle);
-  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+    Check.typeOf.number.greaterThanOrEquals("index", index, 0);
+    Check.typeOf.number.lessThanOrEquals("index", index, 1);
+
+    Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
 
-  const cosAngle = Math.cos(angle);
-  const sinAngle = Math.sin(angle);
+    const startIndex = index * 2;
+    // @ts-expect-error TODO(tsd-jsdoc): Requires index signature support.
+    const x = matrix[startIndex];
+    // @ts-expect-error TODO(tsd-jsdoc): Requires index signature support.
+    const y = matrix[startIndex + 1];
 
-  if (!defined(result)) {
-    return new Matrix2(cosAngle, -sinAngle, sinAngle, cosAngle);
+    result.x = x;
+    result.y = y;
+    return result;
   }
-  result[0] = cosAngle;
-  result[1] = sinAngle;
-  result[2] = -sinAngle;
-  result[3] = cosAngle;
-  return result;
-};
 
-/**
- * Creates an Array from the provided Matrix2 instance.
- * The array will be in column-major order.
- *
- * @param {Matrix2} matrix The matrix to use..
- * @param {number[]} [result] The Array onto which to store the result.
- * @returns {number[]} The modified Array parameter or a new Array instance if one was not provided.
- */
-Matrix2.toArray = function (matrix, result) {
-  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
-  Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
-  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+  /**
+   * Computes a new matrix that replaces the specified column in the provided matrix with the provided Cartesian2 instance.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix2} matrix The matrix to use.
+   * @param {number} index The zero-based index of the column to set.
+   * @param {Cartesian2} cartesian The Cartesian whose values will be assigned to the specified column.
+   * @param {Matrix2} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter.
+   *
+   * @exception {DeveloperError} index must be 0 or 1.
+   */
+  static setColumn(matrix, index, cartesian, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
 
-  if (!defined(result)) {
-    return [matrix[0], matrix[1], matrix[2], matrix[3]];
-  }
-  result[0] = matrix[0];
-  result[1] = matrix[1];
-  result[2] = matrix[2];
-  result[3] = matrix[3];
-  return result;
-};
+    Check.typeOf.number.greaterThanOrEquals("index", index, 0);
+    Check.typeOf.number.lessThanOrEquals("index", index, 1);
 
-/**
- * Computes the array index of the element at the provided row and column.
- *
- * @param {number} row The zero-based index of the row.
- * @param {number} column The zero-based index of the column.
- * @returns {number} The index of the element at the provided row and column.
- *
- * @exception {DeveloperError} row must be 0 or 1.
- * @exception {DeveloperError} column must be 0 or 1.
- *
- * @example
- * const myMatrix = new Cesium.Matrix2();
- * const column1Row0Index = Cesium.Matrix2.getElementIndex(1, 0);
- * const column1Row0 = myMatrix[column1Row0Index]
- * myMatrix[column1Row0Index] = 10.0;
- */
-Matrix2.getElementIndex = function (column, row) {
-  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
-  Check.typeOf.number.greaterThanOrEquals("row", row, 0);
-  Check.typeOf.number.lessThanOrEquals("row", row, 1);
+    Check.typeOf.object("cartesian", cartesian);
+    Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
 
-  Check.typeOf.number.greaterThanOrEquals("column", column, 0);
-  Check.typeOf.number.lessThanOrEquals("column", column, 1);
-  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+    result = Matrix2.clone(matrix, result);
+    const startIndex = index * 2;
+    // @ts-expect-error TODO(tsd-jsdoc): Requires index signature support.
+    result[startIndex] = cartesian.x;
+    // @ts-expect-error TODO(tsd-jsdoc): Requires index signature support.
+    result[startIndex + 1] = cartesian.y;
+    return result;
+  }
 
-  return column * 2 + row;
-};
+  /**
+   * Retrieves a copy of the matrix row at the provided index as a Cartesian2 instance.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix2} matrix The matrix to use.
+   * @param {number} index The zero-based index of the row to retrieve.
+   * @param {Cartesian2} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian2} The modified result parameter.
+   *
+   * @exception {DeveloperError} index must be 0 or 1.
+   */
+  static getRow(matrix, index, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
 
-/**
- * Retrieves a copy of the matrix column at the provided index as a Cartesian2 instance.
- *
- * @param {Matrix2} matrix The matrix to use.
- * @param {number} index The zero-based index of the column to retrieve.
- * @param {Cartesian2} result The object onto which to store the result.
- * @returns {Cartesian2} The modified result parameter.
- *
- * @exception {DeveloperError} index must be 0 or 1.
- */
-Matrix2.getColumn = function (matrix, index, result) {
-  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
-  Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
+    Check.typeOf.number.greaterThanOrEquals("index", index, 0);
+    Check.typeOf.number.lessThanOrEquals("index", index, 1);
 
-  Check.typeOf.number.greaterThanOrEquals("index", index, 0);
-  Check.typeOf.number.lessThanOrEquals("index", index, 1);
+    Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
 
-  Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
-  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+    // @ts-expect-error TODO(tsd-jsdoc): Requires index signature support.
+    const x = matrix[index];
+    // @ts-expect-error TODO(tsd-jsdoc): Requires index signature support.
+    const y = matrix[index + 2];
 
-  const startIndex = index * 2;
-  const x = matrix[startIndex];
-  const y = matrix[startIndex + 1];
+    result.x = x;
+    result.y = y;
+    return result;
+  }
 
-  result.x = x;
-  result.y = y;
-  return result;
-};
+  /**
+   * Computes a new matrix that replaces the specified row in the provided matrix with the provided Cartesian2 instance.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix2} matrix The matrix to use.
+   * @param {number} index The zero-based index of the row to set.
+   * @param {Cartesian2} cartesian The Cartesian whose values will be assigned to the specified row.
+   * @param {Matrix2} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter.
+   *
+   * @exception {DeveloperError} index must be 0 or 1.
+   */
+  static setRow(matrix, index, cartesian, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
 
-/**
- * Computes a new matrix that replaces the specified column in the provided matrix with the provided Cartesian2 instance.
- *
- * @param {Matrix2} matrix The matrix to use.
- * @param {number} index The zero-based index of the column to set.
- * @param {Cartesian2} cartesian The Cartesian whose values will be assigned to the specified column.
- * @param {Cartesian2} result The object onto which to store the result.
- * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter.
- *
- * @exception {DeveloperError} index must be 0 or 1.
- */
-Matrix2.setColumn = function (matrix, index, cartesian, result) {
-  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
-  Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
+    Check.typeOf.number.greaterThanOrEquals("index", index, 0);
+    Check.typeOf.number.lessThanOrEquals("index", index, 1);
 
-  Check.typeOf.number.greaterThanOrEquals("index", index, 0);
-  Check.typeOf.number.lessThanOrEquals("index", index, 1);
+    Check.typeOf.object("cartesian", cartesian);
+    Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
 
-  Check.typeOf.object("cartesian", cartesian);
-  Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
-  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+    result = Matrix2.clone(matrix, result);
+    // @ts-expect-error TODO(tsd-jsdoc): Requires index signature support.
+    result[index] = cartesian.x;
+    // @ts-expect-error TODO(tsd-jsdoc): Requires index signature support.
+    result[index + 2] = cartesian.y;
+    return result;
+  }
 
-  result = Matrix2.clone(matrix, result);
-  const startIndex = index * 2;
-  result[startIndex] = cartesian.x;
-  result[startIndex + 1] = cartesian.y;
-  return result;
-};
+  /**
+   * Computes a new matrix that replaces the scale with the provided scale.
+   * This assumes the matrix is an affine transformation.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix2} matrix The matrix to use.
+   * @param {Cartesian2} scale The scale that replaces the scale of the provided matrix.
+   * @param {Matrix2} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter.
+   *
+   * @see Matrix2.setUniformScale
+   * @see Matrix2.fromScale
+   * @see Matrix2.fromUniformScale
+   * @see Matrix2.multiplyByScale
+   * @see Matrix2.multiplyByUniformScale
+   * @see Matrix2.getScale
+   */
+  static setScale(matrix, scale, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
+    Check.typeOf.object("scale", scale);
+    Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
 
-/**
- * Retrieves a copy of the matrix row at the provided index as a Cartesian2 instance.
- *
- * @param {Matrix2} matrix The matrix to use.
- * @param {number} index The zero-based index of the row to retrieve.
- * @param {Cartesian2} result The object onto which to store the result.
- * @returns {Cartesian2} The modified result parameter.
- *
- * @exception {DeveloperError} index must be 0 or 1.
- */
-Matrix2.getRow = function (matrix, index, result) {
-  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
-  Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
+    const existingScale = Matrix2.getScale(matrix, scaleScratch1);
+    const scaleRatioX = scale.x / existingScale.x;
+    const scaleRatioY = scale.y / existingScale.y;
 
-  Check.typeOf.number.greaterThanOrEquals("index", index, 0);
-  Check.typeOf.number.lessThanOrEquals("index", index, 1);
+    result[0] = matrix[0] * scaleRatioX;
+    result[1] = matrix[1] * scaleRatioX;
+    result[2] = matrix[2] * scaleRatioY;
+    result[3] = matrix[3] * scaleRatioY;
 
-  Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
-  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+    return result;
+  }
 
-  const x = matrix[index];
-  const y = matrix[index + 2];
+  /**
+   * Computes a new matrix that replaces the scale with the provided uniform scale.
+   * This assumes the matrix is an affine transformation.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix2} matrix The matrix to use.
+   * @param {number} scale The uniform scale that replaces the scale of the provided matrix.
+   * @param {Matrix2} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter.
+   *
+   * @see Matrix2.setScale
+   * @see Matrix2.fromScale
+   * @see Matrix2.fromUniformScale
+   * @see Matrix2.multiplyByScale
+   * @see Matrix2.multiplyByUniformScale
+   * @see Matrix2.getScale
+   */
+  static setUniformScale(matrix, scale, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
+    Check.typeOf.number("scale", scale);
+    Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
 
-  result.x = x;
-  result.y = y;
-  return result;
-};
+    const existingScale = Matrix2.getScale(matrix, scaleScratch2);
+    const scaleRatioX = scale / existingScale.x;
+    const scaleRatioY = scale / existingScale.y;
 
-/**
- * Computes a new matrix that replaces the specified row in the provided matrix with the provided Cartesian2 instance.
- *
- * @param {Matrix2} matrix The matrix to use.
- * @param {number} index The zero-based index of the row to set.
- * @param {Cartesian2} cartesian The Cartesian whose values will be assigned to the specified row.
- * @param {Matrix2} result The object onto which to store the result.
- * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter.
- *
- * @exception {DeveloperError} index must be 0 or 1.
- */
-Matrix2.setRow = function (matrix, index, cartesian, result) {
-  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
-  Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
+    result[0] = matrix[0] * scaleRatioX;
+    result[1] = matrix[1] * scaleRatioX;
+    result[2] = matrix[2] * scaleRatioY;
+    result[3] = matrix[3] * scaleRatioY;
 
-  Check.typeOf.number.greaterThanOrEquals("index", index, 0);
-  Check.typeOf.number.lessThanOrEquals("index", index, 1);
+    return result;
+  }
 
-  Check.typeOf.object("cartesian", cartesian);
-  Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
-  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+  /**
+   * Extracts the non-uniform scale assuming the matrix is an affine transformation.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix2} matrix The matrix.
+   * @param {Cartesian2} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian2} The modified result parameter.
+   *
+   * @see Matrix2.multiplyByScale
+   * @see Matrix2.multiplyByUniformScale
+   * @see Matrix2.fromScale
+   * @see Matrix2.fromUniformScale
+   * @see Matrix2.setScale
+   * @see Matrix2.setUniformScale
+   */
+  static getScale(matrix, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
+    Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
 
-  result = Matrix2.clone(matrix, result);
-  result[index] = cartesian.x;
-  result[index + 2] = cartesian.y;
-  return result;
-};
+    result.x = Cartesian2.magnitude(
+      Cartesian2.fromElements(matrix[0], matrix[1], scratchColumn),
+    );
+    result.y = Cartesian2.magnitude(
+      Cartesian2.fromElements(matrix[2], matrix[3], scratchColumn),
+    );
+    return result;
+  }
 
-const scaleScratch1 = new Cartesian2();
+  /**
+   * Computes the maximum scale assuming the matrix is an affine transformation.
+   * The maximum scale is the maximum length of the column vectors.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix2} matrix The matrix.
+   * @returns {number} The maximum scale.
+   */
+  static getMaximumScale(matrix) {
+    Matrix2.getScale(matrix, scaleScratch3);
+    return Cartesian2.maximumComponent(scaleScratch3);
+  }
 
-/**
- * Computes a new matrix that replaces the scale with the provided scale.
- * This assumes the matrix is an affine transformation.
- *
- * @param {Matrix2} matrix The matrix to use.
- * @param {Cartesian2} scale The scale that replaces the scale of the provided matrix.
- * @param {Matrix2} result The object onto which to store the result.
- * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter.
- *
- * @see Matrix2.setUniformScale
- * @see Matrix2.fromScale
- * @see Matrix2.fromUniformScale
- * @see Matrix2.multiplyByScale
- * @see Matrix2.multiplyByUniformScale
- * @see Matrix2.getScale
- */
-Matrix2.setScale = function (matrix, scale, result) {
-  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
-  Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
-  Check.typeOf.object("scale", scale);
-  Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
-  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+  /**
+   * Sets the rotation assuming the matrix is an affine transformation.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix2} matrix The matrix.
+   * @param {Matrix2} rotation The rotation matrix.
+   * @param {Matrix2} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter.
+   *
+   * @see Matrix2.fromRotation
+   * @see Matrix2.getRotation
+   */
+  static setRotation(matrix, rotation, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
+    Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
 
-  const existingScale = Matrix2.getScale(matrix, scaleScratch1);
-  const scaleRatioX = scale.x / existingScale.x;
-  const scaleRatioY = scale.y / existingScale.y;
+    const scale = Matrix2.getScale(matrix, scaleScratch4);
 
-  result[0] = matrix[0] * scaleRatioX;
-  result[1] = matrix[1] * scaleRatioX;
-  result[2] = matrix[2] * scaleRatioY;
-  result[3] = matrix[3] * scaleRatioY;
+    result[0] = rotation[0] * scale.x;
+    result[1] = rotation[1] * scale.x;
+    result[2] = rotation[2] * scale.y;
+    result[3] = rotation[3] * scale.y;
 
-  return result;
-};
+    return result;
+  }
 
-const scaleScratch2 = new Cartesian2();
+  /**
+   * Extracts the rotation matrix assuming the matrix is an affine transformation.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix2} matrix The matrix.
+   * @param {Matrix2} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter.
+   *
+   * @see Matrix2.setRotation
+   * @see Matrix2.fromRotation
+   */
+  static getRotation(matrix, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
+    Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
 
-/**
- * Computes a new matrix that replaces the scale with the provided uniform scale.
- * This assumes the matrix is an affine transformation.
- *
- * @param {Matrix2} matrix The matrix to use.
- * @param {number} scale The uniform scale that replaces the scale of the provided matrix.
- * @param {Matrix2} result The object onto which to store the result.
- * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter.
- *
- * @see Matrix2.setScale
- * @see Matrix2.fromScale
- * @see Matrix2.fromUniformScale
- * @see Matrix2.multiplyByScale
- * @see Matrix2.multiplyByUniformScale
- * @see Matrix2.getScale
- */
-Matrix2.setUniformScale = function (matrix, scale, result) {
-  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
-  Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
-  Check.typeOf.number("scale", scale);
-  Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
-  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+    const scale = Matrix2.getScale(matrix, scaleScratch5);
 
-  const existingScale = Matrix2.getScale(matrix, scaleScratch2);
-  const scaleRatioX = scale / existingScale.x;
-  const scaleRatioY = scale / existingScale.y;
+    result[0] = matrix[0] / scale.x;
+    result[1] = matrix[1] / scale.x;
+    result[2] = matrix[2] / scale.y;
+    result[3] = matrix[3] / scale.y;
 
-  result[0] = matrix[0] * scaleRatioX;
-  result[1] = matrix[1] * scaleRatioX;
-  result[2] = matrix[2] * scaleRatioY;
-  result[3] = matrix[3] * scaleRatioY;
+    return result;
+  }
 
-  return result;
-};
+  /**
+   * Computes the product of two matrices.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix2} left The first matrix.
+   * @param {Matrix2} right The second matrix.
+   * @param {Matrix2} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter.
+   */
+  static multiply(left, right, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.typeOf.object("left", left);
+    Check.typeOf.object("right", right);
+    Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
 
-const scratchColumn = new Cartesian2();
+    const column0Row0 = left[0] * right[0] + left[2] * right[1];
+    const column1Row0 = left[0] * right[2] + left[2] * right[3];
+    const column0Row1 = left[1] * right[0] + left[3] * right[1];
+    const column1Row1 = left[1] * right[2] + left[3] * right[3];
 
-/**
- * Extracts the non-uniform scale assuming the matrix is an affine transformation.
- *
- * @param {Matrix2} matrix The matrix.
- * @param {Cartesian2} result The object onto which to store the result.
- * @returns {Cartesian2} The modified result parameter.
- *
- * @see Matrix2.multiplyByScale
- * @see Matrix2.multiplyByUniformScale
- * @see Matrix2.fromScale
- * @see Matrix2.fromUniformScale
- * @see Matrix2.setScale
- * @see Matrix2.setUniformScale
- */
-Matrix2.getScale = function (matrix, result) {
-  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
-  Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
-  Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
-  //>>includeEnd('debug');
-
-  result.x = Cartesian2.magnitude(
-    Cartesian2.fromElements(matrix[0], matrix[1], scratchColumn),
-  );
-  result.y = Cartesian2.magnitude(
-    Cartesian2.fromElements(matrix[2], matrix[3], scratchColumn),
-  );
-  return result;
-};
+    result[0] = column0Row0;
+    result[1] = column0Row1;
+    result[2] = column1Row0;
+    result[3] = column1Row1;
+    return result;
+  }
 
-const scaleScratch3 = new Cartesian2();
+  /**
+   * Computes the sum of two matrices.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix2} left The first matrix.
+   * @param {Matrix2} right The second matrix.
+   * @param {Matrix2} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter.
+   */
+  static add(left, right, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.typeOf.object("left", left);
+    Check.typeOf.object("right", right);
+    Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
 
-/**
- * Computes the maximum scale assuming the matrix is an affine transformation.
- * The maximum scale is the maximum length of the column vectors.
- *
- * @param {Matrix2} matrix The matrix.
- * @returns {number} The maximum scale.
- */
-Matrix2.getMaximumScale = function (matrix) {
-  Matrix2.getScale(matrix, scaleScratch3);
-  return Cartesian2.maximumComponent(scaleScratch3);
-};
+    result[0] = left[0] + right[0];
+    result[1] = left[1] + right[1];
+    result[2] = left[2] + right[2];
+    result[3] = left[3] + right[3];
+    return result;
+  }
 
-const scaleScratch4 = new Cartesian2();
+  /**
+   * Computes the difference of two matrices.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix2} left The first matrix.
+   * @param {Matrix2} right The second matrix.
+   * @param {Matrix2} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter.
+   */
+  static subtract(left, right, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.typeOf.object("left", left);
+    Check.typeOf.object("right", right);
+    Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
 
-/**
- * Sets the rotation assuming the matrix is an affine transformation.
- *
- * @param {Matrix2} matrix The matrix.
- * @param {Matrix2} rotation The rotation matrix.
- * @param {Matrix2} result The object onto which to store the result.
- * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter.
- *
- * @see Matrix2.fromRotation
- * @see Matrix2.getRotation
- */
-Matrix2.setRotation = function (matrix, rotation, result) {
-  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
-  Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
-  Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
-  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+    result[0] = left[0] - right[0];
+    result[1] = left[1] - right[1];
+    result[2] = left[2] - right[2];
+    result[3] = left[3] - right[3];
+    return result;
+  }
 
-  const scale = Matrix2.getScale(matrix, scaleScratch4);
+  /**
+   * Computes the product of a matrix and a column vector.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix2} matrix The matrix.
+   * @param {Cartesian2} cartesian The column.
+   * @param {Cartesian2} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian2} The modified result parameter.
+   */
+  static multiplyByVector(matrix, cartesian, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
+    Check.typeOf.object("cartesian", cartesian);
+    Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
 
-  result[0] = rotation[0] * scale.x;
-  result[1] = rotation[1] * scale.x;
-  result[2] = rotation[2] * scale.y;
-  result[3] = rotation[3] * scale.y;
+    const x = matrix[0] * cartesian.x + matrix[2] * cartesian.y;
+    const y = matrix[1] * cartesian.x + matrix[3] * cartesian.y;
 
-  return result;
-};
+    result.x = x;
+    result.y = y;
+    return result;
+  }
 
-const scaleScratch5 = new Cartesian2();
+  /**
+   * Computes the product of a matrix and a scalar.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix2} matrix The matrix.
+   * @param {number} scalar The number to multiply by.
+   * @param {Matrix2} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter.
+   */
+  static multiplyByScalar(matrix, scalar, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
+    Check.typeOf.number("scalar", scalar);
+    Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
 
-/**
- * Extracts the rotation matrix assuming the matrix is an affine transformation.
- *
- * @param {Matrix2} matrix The matrix.
- * @param {Matrix2} result The object onto which to store the result.
- * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter.
- *
- * @see Matrix2.setRotation
- * @see Matrix2.fromRotation
- */
-Matrix2.getRotation = function (matrix, result) {
-  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
-  Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
-  Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
-  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+    result[0] = matrix[0] * scalar;
+    result[1] = matrix[1] * scalar;
+    result[2] = matrix[2] * scalar;
+    result[3] = matrix[3] * scalar;
+    return result;
+  }
 
-  const scale = Matrix2.getScale(matrix, scaleScratch5);
+  /**
+   * Computes the product of a matrix times a (non-uniform) scale, as if the scale were a scale matrix.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix2} matrix The matrix on the left-hand side.
+   * @param {Cartesian2} scale The non-uniform scale on the right-hand side.
+   * @param {Matrix2} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter.
+   *
+   *
+   * @example
+   * // Instead of Cesium.Matrix2.multiply(m, Cesium.Matrix2.fromScale(scale), m);
+   * Cesium.Matrix2.multiplyByScale(m, scale, m);
+   *
+   * @see Matrix2.multiplyByUniformScale
+   * @see Matrix2.fromScale
+   * @see Matrix2.fromUniformScale
+   * @see Matrix2.setScale
+   * @see Matrix2.setUniformScale
+   * @see Matrix2.getScale
+   */
+  static multiplyByScale(matrix, scale, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
+    Check.typeOf.object("scale", scale);
+    Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
 
-  result[0] = matrix[0] / scale.x;
-  result[1] = matrix[1] / scale.x;
-  result[2] = matrix[2] / scale.y;
-  result[3] = matrix[3] / scale.y;
+    result[0] = matrix[0] * scale.x;
+    result[1] = matrix[1] * scale.x;
+    result[2] = matrix[2] * scale.y;
+    result[3] = matrix[3] * scale.y;
 
-  return result;
-};
+    return result;
+  }
 
-/**
- * Computes the product of two matrices.
- *
- * @param {Matrix2} left The first matrix.
- * @param {Matrix2} right The second matrix.
- * @param {Matrix2} result The object onto which to store the result.
- * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter.
- */
-Matrix2.multiply = function (left, right, result) {
-  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
-  Check.typeOf.object("left", left);
-  Check.typeOf.object("right", right);
-  Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
-  //>>includeEnd('debug');
-
-  const column0Row0 = left[0] * right[0] + left[2] * right[1];
-  const column1Row0 = left[0] * right[2] + left[2] * right[3];
-  const column0Row1 = left[1] * right[0] + left[3] * right[1];
-  const column1Row1 = left[1] * right[2] + left[3] * right[3];
-
-  result[0] = column0Row0;
-  result[1] = column0Row1;
-  result[2] = column1Row0;
-  result[3] = column1Row1;
-  return result;
-};
+  /**
+   * Computes the product of a matrix times a uniform scale, as if the scale were a scale matrix.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix2} matrix The matrix on the left-hand side.
+   * @param {number} scale The uniform scale on the right-hand side.
+   * @param {Matrix2} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * // Instead of Cesium.Matrix2.multiply(m, Cesium.Matrix2.fromUniformScale(scale), m);
+   * Cesium.Matrix2.multiplyByUniformScale(m, scale, m);
+   *
+   * @see Matrix2.multiplyByScale
+   * @see Matrix2.fromScale
+   * @see Matrix2.fromUniformScale
+   * @see Matrix2.setScale
+   * @see Matrix2.setUniformScale
+   * @see Matrix2.getScale
+   */
+  static multiplyByUniformScale(matrix, scale, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
+    Check.typeOf.number("scale", scale);
+    Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
 
-/**
- * Computes the sum of two matrices.
- *
- * @param {Matrix2} left The first matrix.
- * @param {Matrix2} right The second matrix.
- * @param {Matrix2} result The object onto which to store the result.
- * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter.
- */
-Matrix2.add = function (left, right, result) {
-  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
-  Check.typeOf.object("left", left);
-  Check.typeOf.object("right", right);
-  Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
-  //>>includeEnd('debug');
-
-  result[0] = left[0] + right[0];
-  result[1] = left[1] + right[1];
-  result[2] = left[2] + right[2];
-  result[3] = left[3] + right[3];
-  return result;
-};
+    result[0] = matrix[0] * scale;
+    result[1] = matrix[1] * scale;
+    result[2] = matrix[2] * scale;
+    result[3] = matrix[3] * scale;
 
-/**
- * Computes the difference of two matrices.
- *
- * @param {Matrix2} left The first matrix.
- * @param {Matrix2} right The second matrix.
- * @param {Matrix2} result The object onto which to store the result.
- * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter.
- */
-Matrix2.subtract = function (left, right, result) {
-  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
-  Check.typeOf.object("left", left);
-  Check.typeOf.object("right", right);
-  Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
-  //>>includeEnd('debug');
-
-  result[0] = left[0] - right[0];
-  result[1] = left[1] - right[1];
-  result[2] = left[2] - right[2];
-  result[3] = left[3] - right[3];
-  return result;
-};
+    return result;
+  }
 
-/**
- * Computes the product of a matrix and a column vector.
- *
- * @param {Matrix2} matrix The matrix.
- * @param {Cartesian2} cartesian The column.
- * @param {Cartesian2} result The object onto which to store the result.
- * @returns {Cartesian2} The modified result parameter.
- */
-Matrix2.multiplyByVector = function (matrix, cartesian, result) {
-  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
-  Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
-  Check.typeOf.object("cartesian", cartesian);
-  Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
-  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+  /**
+   * Creates a negated copy of the provided matrix.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix2} matrix The matrix to negate.
+   * @param {Matrix2} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter.
+   */
+  static negate(matrix, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
+    Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
 
-  const x = matrix[0] * cartesian.x + matrix[2] * cartesian.y;
-  const y = matrix[1] * cartesian.x + matrix[3] * cartesian.y;
+    result[0] = -matrix[0];
+    result[1] = -matrix[1];
+    result[2] = -matrix[2];
+    result[3] = -matrix[3];
+    return result;
+  }
 
-  result.x = x;
-  result.y = y;
-  return result;
-};
+  /**
+   * Computes the transpose of the provided matrix.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix2} matrix The matrix to transpose.
+   * @param {Matrix2} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter.
+   */
+  static transpose(matrix, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
+    Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
 
-/**
- * Computes the product of a matrix and a scalar.
- *
- * @param {Matrix2} matrix The matrix.
- * @param {number} scalar The number to multiply by.
- * @param {Matrix2} result The object onto which to store the result.
- * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter.
- */
-Matrix2.multiplyByScalar = function (matrix, scalar, result) {
-  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
-  Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
-  Check.typeOf.number("scalar", scalar);
-  Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
-  //>>includeEnd('debug');
-
-  result[0] = matrix[0] * scalar;
-  result[1] = matrix[1] * scalar;
-  result[2] = matrix[2] * scalar;
-  result[3] = matrix[3] * scalar;
-  return result;
-};
+    const column0Row0 = matrix[0];
+    const column0Row1 = matrix[2];
+    const column1Row0 = matrix[1];
+    const column1Row1 = matrix[3];
 
-/**
- * Computes the product of a matrix times a (non-uniform) scale, as if the scale were a scale matrix.
- *
- * @param {Matrix2} matrix The matrix on the left-hand side.
- * @param {Cartesian2} scale The non-uniform scale on the right-hand side.
- * @param {Matrix2} result The object onto which to store the result.
- * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter.
- *
- *
- * @example
- * // Instead of Cesium.Matrix2.multiply(m, Cesium.Matrix2.fromScale(scale), m);
- * Cesium.Matrix2.multiplyByScale(m, scale, m);
- *
- * @see Matrix2.multiplyByUniformScale
- * @see Matrix2.fromScale
- * @see Matrix2.fromUniformScale
- * @see Matrix2.setScale
- * @see Matrix2.setUniformScale
- * @see Matrix2.getScale
- */
-Matrix2.multiplyByScale = function (matrix, scale, result) {
-  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
-  Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
-  Check.typeOf.object("scale", scale);
-  Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
-  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+    result[0] = column0Row0;
+    result[1] = column0Row1;
+    result[2] = column1Row0;
+    result[3] = column1Row1;
+    return result;
+  }
 
-  result[0] = matrix[0] * scale.x;
-  result[1] = matrix[1] * scale.x;
-  result[2] = matrix[2] * scale.y;
-  result[3] = matrix[3] * scale.y;
+  /**
+   * Computes a matrix, which contains the absolute (unsigned) values of the provided matrix's elements.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix2} matrix The matrix with signed elements.
+   * @param {Matrix2} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter.
+   */
+  static abs(matrix, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
+    Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
 
-  return result;
-};
+    result[0] = Math.abs(matrix[0]);
+    result[1] = Math.abs(matrix[1]);
+    result[2] = Math.abs(matrix[2]);
+    result[3] = Math.abs(matrix[3]);
 
-/**
- * Computes the product of a matrix times a uniform scale, as if the scale were a scale matrix.
- *
- * @param {Matrix2} matrix The matrix on the left-hand side.
- * @param {number} scale The uniform scale on the right-hand side.
- * @param {Matrix2} result The object onto which to store the result.
- * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter.
- *
- * @example
- * // Instead of Cesium.Matrix2.multiply(m, Cesium.Matrix2.fromUniformScale(scale), m);
- * Cesium.Matrix2.multiplyByUniformScale(m, scale, m);
- *
- * @see Matrix2.multiplyByScale
- * @see Matrix2.fromScale
- * @see Matrix2.fromUniformScale
- * @see Matrix2.setScale
- * @see Matrix2.setUniformScale
- * @see Matrix2.getScale
- */
-Matrix2.multiplyByUniformScale = function (matrix, scale, result) {
-  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
-  Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
-  Check.typeOf.number("scale", scale);
-  Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
-  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+    return result;
+  }
 
-  result[0] = matrix[0] * scale;
-  result[1] = matrix[1] * scale;
-  result[2] = matrix[2] * scale;
-  result[3] = matrix[3] * scale;
+  /**
+   * Compares the provided matrices componentwise and returns
+   * <code>true</code> if they are equal, <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix2} [left] The first matrix.
+   * @param {Matrix2} [right] The second matrix.
+   * @returns {boolean} <code>true</code> if left and right are equal, <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   */
+  static equals(left, right) {
+    return (
+      left === right ||
+      (defined(left) &&
+        defined(right) &&
+        left[0] === right[0] &&
+        left[1] === right[1] &&
+        left[2] === right[2] &&
+        left[3] === right[3])
+    );
+  }
 
-  return result;
-};
+  /**
+   * Compares provided matrix and array, starting from a given array offset.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix2} matrix
+   * @param {number[]} array
+   * @param {number} offset
+   * @private
+   */
+  static equalsArray(matrix, array, offset) {
+    return (
+      matrix[0] === array[offset] &&
+      matrix[1] === array[offset + 1] &&
+      matrix[2] === array[offset + 2] &&
+      matrix[3] === array[offset + 3]
+    );
+  }
 
-/**
- * Creates a negated copy of the provided matrix.
- *
- * @param {Matrix2} matrix The matrix to negate.
- * @param {Matrix2} result The object onto which to store the result.
- * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter.
- */
-Matrix2.negate = function (matrix, result) {
-  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
-  Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
-  Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
-  //>>includeEnd('debug');
-
-  result[0] = -matrix[0];
-  result[1] = -matrix[1];
-  result[2] = -matrix[2];
-  result[3] = -matrix[3];
-  return result;
-};
+  /**
+   * Compares the provided matrices componentwise and returns
+   * <code>true</code> if they are within the provided epsilon,
+   * <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix2} [left] The first matrix.
+   * @param {Matrix2} [right] The second matrix.
+   * @param {number} [epsilon=0] The epsilon to use for equality testing.
+   * @returns {boolean} <code>true</code> if left and right are within the provided epsilon, <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   */
+  static equalsEpsilon(left, right, epsilon) {
+    epsilon = epsilon ?? 0;
+    return (
+      left === right ||
+      (defined(left) &&
+        defined(right) &&
+        Math.abs(left[0] - right[0]) <= epsilon &&
+        Math.abs(left[1] - right[1]) <= epsilon &&
+        Math.abs(left[2] - right[2]) <= epsilon &&
+        Math.abs(left[3] - right[3]) <= epsilon)
+    );
+  }
 
-/**
- * Computes the transpose of the provided matrix.
- *
- * @param {Matrix2} matrix The matrix to transpose.
- * @param {Matrix2} result The object onto which to store the result.
- * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter.
- */
-Matrix2.transpose = function (matrix, result) {
-  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
-  Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
-  Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
-  //>>includeEnd('debug');
-
-  const column0Row0 = matrix[0];
-  const column0Row1 = matrix[2];
-  const column1Row0 = matrix[1];
-  const column1Row1 = matrix[3];
-
-  result[0] = column0Row0;
-  result[1] = column0Row1;
-  result[2] = column1Row0;
-  result[3] = column1Row1;
-  return result;
-};
+  /**
+   * Gets the number of items in the collection.
+   *
+   * @type {number}
+   */
+  get length() {
+    return Matrix2.packedLength;
+  }
 
-/**
- * Computes a matrix, which contains the absolute (unsigned) values of the provided matrix's elements.
- *
- * @param {Matrix2} matrix The matrix with signed elements.
- * @param {Matrix2} result The object onto which to store the result.
- * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter.
- */
-Matrix2.abs = function (matrix, result) {
-  //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
-  Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
-  Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
-  //>>includeEnd('debug');
+  /**
+   * Duplicates the provided Matrix2 instance.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix2} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter or a new Matrix2 instance if one was not provided.
+   */
+  clone(result) {
+    return Matrix2.clone(this, result);
+  }
 
-  result[0] = Math.abs(matrix[0]);
-  result[1] = Math.abs(matrix[1]);
-  result[2] = Math.abs(matrix[2]);
-  result[3] = Math.abs(matrix[3]);
+  /**
+   * Compares this matrix to the provided matrix componentwise and returns
+   * <code>true</code> if they are equal, <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix2} [right] The right hand side matrix.
+   * @returns {boolean} <code>true</code> if they are equal, <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   */
+  equals(right) {
+    return Matrix2.equals(this, right);
+  }
 
-  return result;
-};
+  /**
+   * Compares this matrix to the provided matrix componentwise and returns
+   * <code>true</code> if they are within the provided epsilon,
+   * <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix2} [right] The right hand side matrix.
+   * @param {number} [epsilon=0] The epsilon to use for equality testing.
+   * @returns {boolean} <code>true</code> if they are within the provided epsilon, <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   */
+  equalsEpsilon(right, epsilon) {
+    return Matrix2.equalsEpsilon(this, right, epsilon);
+  }
 
-/**
- * Compares the provided matrices componentwise and returns
- * <code>true</code> if they are equal, <code>false</code> otherwise.
- *
- * @param {Matrix2} [left] The first matrix.
- * @param {Matrix2} [right] The second matrix.
- * @returns {boolean} <code>true</code> if left and right are equal, <code>false</code> otherwise.
- */
-Matrix2.equals = function (left, right) {
-  return (
-    left === right ||
-    (defined(left) &&
-      defined(right) &&
-      left[0] === right[0] &&
-      left[1] === right[1] &&
-      left[2] === right[2] &&
-      left[3] === right[3])
-  );
-};
+  /**
+   * Creates a string representing this Matrix with each row being
+   * on a separate line and in the format '(column0, column1)'.
+   *
+   * @returns {string} A string representing the provided Matrix with each row being on a separate line and in the format '(column0, column1)'.
+   */
+  toString() {
+    return `(${this[0]}, ${this[2]})\n` + `(${this[1]}, ${this[3]})`;
+  }
+}
 
 /**
- * @private
+ * The number of elements used to pack the object into an array.
+ * @type {number}
  */
-Matrix2.equalsArray = function (matrix, array, offset) {
-  return (
-    matrix[0] === array[offset] &&
-    matrix[1] === array[offset + 1] &&
-    matrix[2] === array[offset + 2] &&
-    matrix[3] === array[offset + 3]
-  );
-};
+Matrix2.packedLength = 4;
 
 /**
- * Compares the provided matrices componentwise and returns
- * <code>true</code> if they are within the provided epsilon,
- * <code>false</code> otherwise.
+ * Creates a Matrix2 from 4 consecutive elements in an array.
+ *
+ * @function
+ * @param {number[]} array The array whose 4 consecutive elements correspond to the positions of the matrix.  Assumes column-major order.
+ * @param {number} [startingIndex=0] The offset into the array of the first element, which corresponds to first column first row position in the matrix.
+ * @param {Matrix2} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+ * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter or a new Matrix2 instance if one was not provided.
  *
- * @param {Matrix2} [left] The first matrix.
- * @param {Matrix2} [right] The second matrix.
- * @param {number} [epsilon=0] The epsilon to use for equality testing.
- * @returns {boolean} <code>true</code> if left and right are within the provided epsilon, <code>false</code> otherwise.
+ * @example
+ * // Create the Matrix2:
+ * // [1.0, 2.0]
+ * // [1.0, 2.0]
+ *
+ * const v = [1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 2.0];
+ * const m = Cesium.Matrix2.fromArray(v);
+ *
+ * // Create same Matrix2 with using an offset into an array
+ * const v2 = [0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 2.0];
+ * const m2 = Cesium.Matrix2.fromArray(v2, 2);
  */
-Matrix2.equalsEpsilon = function (left, right, epsilon) {
-  epsilon = epsilon ?? 0;
-  return (
-    left === right ||
-    (defined(left) &&
-      defined(right) &&
-      Math.abs(left[0] - right[0]) <= epsilon &&
-      Math.abs(left[1] - right[1]) <= epsilon &&
-      Math.abs(left[2] - right[2]) <= epsilon &&
-      Math.abs(left[3] - right[3]) <= epsilon)
-  );
-};
+Matrix2.fromArray = Matrix2.unpack;
 
 /**
  * An immutable Matrix2 instance initialized to the identity matrix.
@@ -1032,61 +1095,11 @@ Matrix2.COLUMN1ROW0 = 2;
  */
 Matrix2.COLUMN1ROW1 = 3;
 
-Object.defineProperties(Matrix2.prototype, {
-  /**
-   * Gets the number of items in the collection.
-   * @memberof Matrix2.prototype
-   *
-   * @type {number}
-   */
-  length: {
-    get: function () {
-      return Matrix2.packedLength;
-    },
-  },
-});
-
-/**
- * Duplicates the provided Matrix2 instance.
- *
- * @param {Matrix2} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
- * @returns {Matrix2} The modified result parameter or a new Matrix2 instance if one was not provided.
- */
-Matrix2.prototype.clone = function (result) {
-  return Matrix2.clone(this, result);
-};
-
-/**
- * Compares this matrix to the provided matrix componentwise and returns
- * <code>true</code> if they are equal, <code>false</code> otherwise.
- *
- * @param {Matrix2} [right] The right hand side matrix.
- * @returns {boolean} <code>true</code> if they are equal, <code>false</code> otherwise.
- */
-Matrix2.prototype.equals = function (right) {
-  return Matrix2.equals(this, right);
-};
-
-/**
- * Compares this matrix to the provided matrix componentwise and returns
- * <code>true</code> if they are within the provided epsilon,
- * <code>false</code> otherwise.
- *
- * @param {Matrix2} [right] The right hand side matrix.
- * @param {number} [epsilon=0] The epsilon to use for equality testing.
- * @returns {boolean} <code>true</code> if they are within the provided epsilon, <code>false</code> otherwise.
- */
-Matrix2.prototype.equalsEpsilon = function (right, epsilon) {
-  return Matrix2.equalsEpsilon(this, right, epsilon);
-};
+const scaleScratch1 = new Cartesian2();
+const scaleScratch2 = new Cartesian2();
+const scratchColumn = new Cartesian2();
+const scaleScratch3 = new Cartesian2();
+const scaleScratch4 = new Cartesian2();
+const scaleScratch5 = new Cartesian2();
 
-/**
- * Creates a string representing this Matrix with each row being
- * on a separate line and in the format '(column0, column1)'.
- *
- * @returns {string} A string representing the provided Matrix with each row being on a separate line and in the format '(column0, column1)'.
- */
-Matrix2.prototype.toString = function () {
-  return `(${this[0]}, ${this[2]})\n` + `(${this[1]}, ${this[3]})`;
-};
 export default Matrix2;