@blamejs/core 0.7.4 → 0.7.18

package/lib/object-store/sigv4.js

@@ -1,903 +1,903 @@
-"use strict";
-/**
- * SigV4 protocol adapter — AWS Signature Version 4.
- *
- * One signing implementation covers the entire S3-API-compatible family:
- *   AWS S3, Cloudflare R2, Backblaze B2 (S3 endpoint), MinIO, Wasabi,
- *   Tigris, DigitalOcean Spaces, IDrive e2, Linode Object Storage, Storj
- *   (S3 gateway). Service identifier is always "s3" for object storage.
- *
- * Config:
- *   {
- *     endpoint:        'https://s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com'  // or R2/MinIO/etc.
- *     region:          'us-west-2'                            // required
- *     bucket:          'my-bucket'                            // required
- *     accessKeyId:     '...'                                  // required
- *     secretAccessKey: '...'                                  // required
- *     sessionToken:    '...'                                  // optional (STS)
- *     pathStyle:       false                                  // virtual-hosted
- *                                                             //  by default
- *     timeoutMs:       C.TIME.seconds(30)
- *   }
- *
- * Reference:
- *   https://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/sigv4_signing.html
- */
-var nodeCrypto = require("crypto");
-var { URL } = require("url");
-var { Readable } = require("stream");
-var safeXml = require("../parsers/safe-xml");
-var sharedRequest = require("./http-request");
-var C = require("../constants");
-var nb = require("../numeric-bounds");
-var requestHelpers = require("../request-helpers");
-var { ObjectStoreError } = require("../framework-error");
-var safeUrl = require("../safe-url");
-
-// Internal URL builder — endpoint + path string from validated config /
-// framework-encoded keys. Routes through safeUrl.parse so the protocol
-// allowlist + length cap apply uniformly. Presigned URLs with many
-// query params can approach the 8 KB default; raise the cap to 32 KB
-// so a worst-case multipart UploadPart URL still fits.
-function _internalUrl(input, allowedProtocols) {
-  return safeUrl.parse(input, {
-    allowedProtocols: allowedProtocols || safeUrl.ALLOW_HTTP_TLS,
-    errorClass:       ObjectStoreError,
-    maxUrlLength:     C.BYTES.kib(32),
-  });
-}
-
-// S3 list responses are commonly 1000-key paginated payloads — well above
-// the parser's default 1 MiB / 10K element ceilings. These overrides
-// give headroom for normal responses without uncapping the parser.
-var LIST_PARSE_OPTS = {
-  maxBytes:    C.BYTES.mib(8),
-  maxElements: C.BYTES.bytes(50000),
-};
-
-function _arrayify(value) {
-  // xml-safe maps multiple same-tag children to an array; a single child
-  // stays as the bare object; zero children means the property is absent.
-  // List traversal needs a uniform array, so normalize.
-  if (value == null) return [];
-  return Array.isArray(value) ? value : [value];
-}
-
-var SERVICE = "s3";
-var ALGORITHM = "AWS4-HMAC-SHA256";
-
-// Presigned-URL expiry bounds. The SigV4 spec caps query-string-signed
-// URLs at 7 days; below 1 second is effectively unsignable.
-var PRESIGN_DEFAULT_EXPIRES_SECONDS = C.TIME.minutes(15) / C.TIME.seconds(1); // 15 minutes
-var PRESIGN_MAX_EXPIRES_SECONDS     = C.TIME.days(7)     / C.TIME.seconds(1); // 7 days (SigV4 hard cap)
-var PRESIGN_MIN_EXPIRES_SECONDS     = 1;
-
-var _err = ObjectStoreError.factory;
-
-// ---- SigV4 primitives ----
-
-function sha256Hex(buf) {
-  return nodeCrypto.createHash("sha256").update(buf).digest("hex");
-}
-function hmacSha256(key, data) {
-  return nodeCrypto.createHmac("sha256", key).update(data).digest();
-}
-
-// AWS-style URI encoding: same as RFC 3986 except path '/' may be preserved.
-function awsUriEncode(str, encodeSlash) {
-  var out = "";
-  for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
-    var c = str.charCodeAt(i);
-    var ch = str.charAt(i);
-    if ((c >= 0x41 && c <= 0x5A) || (c >= 0x61 && c <= 0x7A) ||
-        (c >= 0x30 && c <= 0x39) ||
-        ch === "-" || ch === "_" || ch === "." || ch === "~") {
-      out += ch;
-    } else if (ch === "/" && !encodeSlash) {
-      out += "/";
-    } else {
-      var enc = encodeURIComponent(ch).replace(/!/g, "%21").replace(/\*/g, "%2A").replace(/'/g, "%27").replace(/\(/g, "%28").replace(/\)/g, "%29");
-      out += enc;
-    }
-  }
-  return out;
-}
-
-function canonicalQueryString(searchParams) {
-  if (!searchParams || searchParams.toString() === "") return "";
-  var pairs = [];
-  searchParams.forEach(function (v, k) { pairs.push([k, v]); });
-  pairs.sort(function (a, b) {
-    if (a[0] < b[0]) return -1;
-    if (a[0] > b[0]) return 1;
-    if (a[1] < b[1]) return -1;
-    if (a[1] > b[1]) return 1;
-    return 0;
-  });
-  return pairs.map(function (p) {
-    return awsUriEncode(p[0], true) + "=" + awsUriEncode(p[1], true);
-  }).join("&");
-}
-
-function canonicalHeaders(headers) {
-  var pairs = [];
-  for (var k in headers) {
-    if (headers[k] === undefined || headers[k] === null) continue;
-    var lk = k.toLowerCase();
-    var v = String(headers[k]).trim().replace(/\s+/g, " ");
-    pairs.push([lk, v]);
-  }
-  pairs.sort(function (a, b) { return a[0] < b[0] ? -1 : a[0] > b[0] ? 1 : 0; });
-  var canon = "";
-  var signed = [];
-  for (var i = 0; i < pairs.length; i++) {
-    canon += pairs[i][0] + ":" + pairs[i][1] + "\n";
-    signed.push(pairs[i][0]);
-  }
-  return { canonical: canon, signed: signed.join(";") };
-}
-
-function canonicalRequest(method, urlObj, headers, payloadHash) {
-  var canonHeaders = canonicalHeaders(headers);
-  var path = urlObj.pathname;
-  if (!path) path = "/";
-  return [
-    method.toUpperCase(),
-    awsUriEncode(path, false),
-    canonicalQueryString(urlObj.searchParams),
-    canonHeaders.canonical,
-    canonHeaders.signed,
-    payloadHash,
-  ].join("\n");
-}
-
-function stringToSign(amzDate, credentialScope, canonicalReq) {
-  return [
-    ALGORITHM,
-    amzDate,
-    credentialScope,
-    sha256Hex(canonicalReq),
-  ].join("\n");
-}
-
-function deriveSigningKey(secretAccessKey, dateStamp, region, service) {
-  var kDate    = hmacSha256("AWS4" + secretAccessKey, dateStamp);
-  var kRegion  = hmacSha256(kDate, region);
-  var kService = hmacSha256(kRegion, service);
-  return hmacSha256(kService, "aws4_request");
-}
-
-// SigV4 ISO compact format: YYYYMMDDTHHMMSSZ — slice indices fixed
-// by AWS spec.
-function _formatAmzDate(d) {
-  var iso = d.toISOString().replace(/[-:]/g, "");
-  return iso.slice(0, C.BYTES.bytes(8)) + "T" + iso.slice(9, 15) + "Z";
-}
-function _formatDateStamp(d) {
-  return d.toISOString().slice(0, 10).replace(/-/g, "");
-}
-
-function signRequest(opts) {
-  var date = opts.date || new Date();
-  var amzDate = _formatAmzDate(date);
-  var dateStamp = _formatDateStamp(date);
-  // signRequest is called by callers signing requests to operator-
-  // configured endpoints (cloudwatch, sqs, sns, custom S3-API stores).
-  // Honor opts.allowedProtocols so a test-fixture http:// endpoint still
-  // signs correctly while production https:// stays the default.
-  var url = opts.url instanceof URL ? opts.url
-                                    : _internalUrl(opts.url, opts.allowedProtocols);
-  // service defaults to s3 for back-compat — every call site predating
-  // v0.6.25 was object-store / S3. Other AWS services (logs, sqs, sns,
-  // kinesis, etc.) pass opts.service explicitly. The credentialScope
-  // and signing-key derivation both incorporate the service name, so
-  // this MUST match what the target service expects.
-  var service = opts.service || SERVICE;
-
-  var headers = Object.assign({}, opts.headers || {});
-  headers["host"] = url.host;
-  headers["x-amz-date"] = amzDate;
-  if (!headers["x-amz-content-sha256"]) {
-    headers["x-amz-content-sha256"] = opts.payloadHash;
-  }
-  if (opts.sessionToken) {
-    headers["x-amz-security-token"] = opts.sessionToken;
-  }
-
-  var canon = canonicalRequest(opts.method, url, headers, opts.payloadHash);
-  var credentialScope = dateStamp + "/" + opts.region + "/" + service + "/aws4_request";
-  var sts = stringToSign(amzDate, credentialScope, canon);
-  var signingKey = deriveSigningKey(opts.secretAccessKey, dateStamp, opts.region, service);
-  var signature = nodeCrypto.createHmac("sha256", signingKey).update(sts).digest("hex");
-
-  var canonHeaders = canonicalHeaders(headers);
-  var auth = ALGORITHM +
-    " Credential=" + opts.accessKeyId + "/" + credentialScope +
-    ", SignedHeaders=" + canonHeaders.signed +
-    ", Signature=" + signature;
-  headers["Authorization"] = auth;
-
-  return { headers: headers, signature: signature, canonicalRequest: canon, stringToSign: sts };
-}
-
-// ---- HTTP request helper ----
-
-var _request = sharedRequest;
-
-// ---- Multipart-upload constants ----
-
-// S3 spec floor for non-final part size. Below this the API rejects
-// CompleteMultipartUpload with EntityTooSmall. The framework refuses
-// configurations below this floor at create() time so operators don't
-// see surprising failures only on large uploads.
-var MIN_PART_SIZE_BYTES = C.BYTES.mib(5);
-// S3 spec ceiling on part count. CompleteMultipartUpload rejects
-// uploads with more than 10000 parts.
-var MAX_PARTS = C.BYTES.bytes(10000);
-// Auto-multipart trigger: buffered bodies under this stay single-PUT.
-// Streams always go multipart since size isn't known up-front.
-var DEFAULT_MULTIPART_THRESHOLD_BYTES = C.BYTES.mib(64);
-// Conservative default part size — large enough to keep round-trip
-// overhead small relative to payload, small enough to fit comfortably
-// in a 4-way-concurrent upload's memory footprint.
-var DEFAULT_PART_SIZE_BYTES = C.BYTES.mib(16);
-var DEFAULT_PART_CONCURRENCY = 4;
-
-// ---- SSE option handling ----
-
-function _resolveSseHeaders(sse) {
-  if (sse === undefined || sse === null) return null;
-  var type;
-  var keyId = null;
-  if (typeof sse === "string") {
-    type = sse;
-  } else if (sse && typeof sse === "object") {
-    type = sse.type;
-    keyId = sse.keyId || null;
-  } else {
-    throw _err("INVALID_SSE",
-      "opts.sse must be a string ('AES256' | 'aws:kms') or " +
-      "{ type, keyId }, got " + typeof sse, true);
-  }
-  if (type !== "AES256" && type !== "aws:kms") {
-    throw _err("INVALID_SSE",
-      "opts.sse type must be 'AES256' or 'aws:kms', got '" + type + "'", true);
-  }
-  var h = { "x-amz-server-side-encryption": type };
-  if (type === "aws:kms" && keyId) {
-    h["x-amz-server-side-encryption-aws-kms-key-id"] = String(keyId);
-  }
-  return { type: type, keyId: keyId, headers: h };
-}
-
-function _verifySseResponse(sseRequested, resHeaders) {
-  // Operators who specified an SSE policy expect the bucket / object to
-  // honor it. If the server silently dropped the header (mis-configured
-  // bucket policy, unsupported endpoint, etc.) the request looks like a
-  // success but the at-rest data is unencrypted. Surface this as a
-  // hard failure rather than a silent compliance hole.
-  if (!sseRequested) return;
-  var got = resHeaders["x-amz-server-side-encryption"];
-  if (!got) {
-    throw _err("SSE_NOT_APPLIED",
-      "opts.sse was '" + sseRequested.type + "' but server did not " +
-      "apply server-side encryption (no x-amz-server-side-encryption " +
-      "response header)", true);
-  }
-  if (got !== sseRequested.type) {
-    throw _err("SSE_MISMATCH",
-      "opts.sse requested '" + sseRequested.type + "' but server " +
-      "applied '" + got + "'", true);
-  }
-}
-
-// ---- Multipart helpers ----
-
-// Build the CompleteMultipartUpload request body. Parts must be in
-// ascending PartNumber order. ETags from S3 include surrounding
-// quotes — preserve them exactly.
-function _buildCompleteMultipartXml(parts) {
-  var body = "<CompleteMultipartUpload>";
-  for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) {
-    body += "<Part>";
-    body += "<PartNumber>" + parts[i].partNumber + "</PartNumber>";
-    body += "<ETag>" + parts[i].etag + "</ETag>";
-    body += "</Part>";
-  }
-  body += "</CompleteMultipartUpload>";
-  return body;
-}
-
-// Read a Readable stream into fixed-size buffers. Yields one Buffer
-// per part (size <= partSize). The final part may be smaller. The
-// stream is consumed exactly once.
-async function _readStreamParts(readable, partSize) {
-  var parts = [];
-  var pending = [];
-  var pendingBytes = 0;
-  for await (var chunk of readable) {
-    var buf = Buffer.isBuffer(chunk) ? chunk : Buffer.from(chunk);
-    pending.push(buf);
-    pendingBytes += buf.length;
-    while (pendingBytes >= partSize) {
-      var combined = Buffer.concat(pending, pendingBytes);
-      parts.push(combined.slice(0, partSize));
-      var leftover = combined.slice(partSize);
-      pending = leftover.length > 0 ? [leftover] : [];
-      pendingBytes = leftover.length;
-    }
-  }
-  if (pendingBytes > 0) {
-    parts.push(Buffer.concat(pending, pendingBytes));
-  }
-  return parts;
-}
-
-// Run an array of async tasks with bounded parallelism. Preserves
-// result order by index.
-async function _bounded(items, concurrency, runner) {
-  var results = new Array(items.length);
-  var i = 0;
-  async function worker() {
-    while (true) {
-      var idx = i++;
-      if (idx >= items.length) return;
-      results[idx] = await runner(items[idx], idx);
-    }
-  }
-  var workers = [];
-  for (var w = 0; w < Math.min(concurrency, items.length); w++) {
-    workers.push(worker());
-  }
-  await Promise.all(workers);
-  return results;
-}
-
-// ---- Public adapter factory ----
-
-function create(config) {
-  if (!config) throw new Error("sigv4 protocol requires config");
-  if (!config.region)          throw new Error("sigv4: region is required");
-  if (!config.bucket)          throw new Error("sigv4: bucket is required");
-  if (!config.accessKeyId)     throw new Error("sigv4: accessKeyId is required");
-  if (!config.secretAccessKey) throw new Error("sigv4: secretAccessKey is required");
-
-  var endpoint = config.endpoint || ("https://s3." + config.region + ".amazonaws.com");
-  if (endpoint.endsWith("/")) endpoint = endpoint.slice(0, -1);
-  var pathStyle = !!(config.pathStyle || config.forcePathStyle);
-
-  var partSize = config.partSizeBytes != null
-    ? config.partSizeBytes
-    : DEFAULT_PART_SIZE_BYTES;
-  if (typeof partSize !== "number" || !isFinite(partSize) || partSize < MIN_PART_SIZE_BYTES) {
-    throw _err("INVALID_CONFIG",
-      "sigv4: partSizeBytes must be a number >= " + MIN_PART_SIZE_BYTES +
-      " (S3 minimum part size), got " + partSize, true);
-  }
-  var multipartThreshold = config.multipartThresholdBytes != null
-    ? config.multipartThresholdBytes
-    : DEFAULT_MULTIPART_THRESHOLD_BYTES;
-  if (typeof multipartThreshold !== "number" || !isFinite(multipartThreshold) || multipartThreshold < 0) {
-    throw _err("INVALID_CONFIG",
-      "sigv4: multipartThresholdBytes must be a non-negative finite number, got " +
-      multipartThreshold, true);
-  }
-  var partConcurrency = config.partConcurrency != null
-    ? config.partConcurrency
-    : DEFAULT_PART_CONCURRENCY;
-  if (typeof partConcurrency !== "number" || partConcurrency < 1 || !isFinite(partConcurrency)) {
-    throw _err("INVALID_CONFIG",
-      "sigv4: partConcurrency must be a positive finite number, got " + partConcurrency, true);
-  }
-  // HTTPS-only by default — AWS S3, R2, MinIO-over-https. Operators with
-  // an internal cleartext S3-compatible endpoint (test fixtures, local
-  // dev MinIO) opt in via config.allowedProtocols.
-  var allowedProtocols = config.allowedProtocols || safeUrl.ALLOW_HTTP_TLS;
-  var allowInternal    = config.allowInternal != null ? config.allowInternal : null;
-  safeUrl.parse(endpoint, {
-    allowedProtocols: allowedProtocols,
-    errorClass:       ObjectStoreError,
-  });
-  var reqOpts = { timeoutMs: config.timeoutMs, allowedProtocols: allowedProtocols };
-  if (allowInternal !== null) reqOpts.allowInternal = allowInternal;
-
-  function _keyToUrl(key) {
-    if (key.indexOf("\0") !== -1) throw _err("INVALID_KEY", "null byte in key", true);
-    var encoded = key.split("/").map(function (s) { return awsUriEncode(s, true); }).join("/");
-    if (pathStyle) {
-      return _internalUrl(endpoint + "/" + config.bucket + "/" + encoded, allowedProtocols);
-    }
-    var u = _internalUrl(endpoint, allowedProtocols);
-    u.hostname = config.bucket + "." + u.hostname;
-    u.pathname = "/" + encoded;
-    return u;
-  }
-
-  function _bucketUrl(searchParams) {
-    var u;
-    if (pathStyle) {
-      u = _internalUrl(endpoint + "/" + config.bucket + "/", allowedProtocols);
-    } else {
-      u = _internalUrl(endpoint, allowedProtocols);
-      u.hostname = config.bucket + "." + u.hostname;
-      u.pathname = "/";
-    }
-    if (searchParams) {
-      Object.keys(searchParams).forEach(function (k) { u.searchParams.set(k, searchParams[k]); });
-    }
-    return u;
-  }
-
-  function _makeSigned(method, url, payloadHash, extraHeaders) {
-    var signed = signRequest({
-      method:          method,
-      url:             url,
-      headers:         extraHeaders || {},
-      payloadHash:     payloadHash,
-      region:          config.region,
-      accessKeyId:     config.accessKeyId,
-      secretAccessKey: config.secretAccessKey,
-      sessionToken:    config.sessionToken,
-    });
-    return signed.headers;
-  }
-
-  function put(key, body, opts) {
-    opts = opts || {};
-    var sseRequested = _resolveSseHeaders(opts.sse);
-    // Streams always go multipart — size isn't known up-front. Buffers
-    // dispatch to multipart when they exceed the threshold; operators
-    // can force the single-PUT path with `multipart: false` (small
-    // bodies in unit tests, or to keep the request count to one).
-    var isStream = body && typeof body === "object" && typeof body.pipe === "function";
-    if (isStream) {
-      if (opts.multipart === false) {
-        return Promise.reject(_err("STREAM_REQUIRES_MULTIPART",
-          "put(stream) requires multipart upload (set opts.multipart !== false)", true));
-      }
-      return _multipartPut(key, body, opts, sseRequested);
-    }
-    var buf = Buffer.isBuffer(body) ? body : Buffer.from(typeof body === "string" ? body : "", "utf8");
-    if (opts.multipart !== false &&
-        (opts.multipart === true || buf.length > multipartThreshold)) {
-      return _multipartPut(key, buf, opts, sseRequested);
-    }
-    return _singlePut(key, buf, opts, sseRequested);
-  }
-
-  function _singlePut(key, buf, opts, sseRequested) {
-    var url = _keyToUrl(key);
-    var payloadHash = sha256Hex(buf);
-    var contentType = opts.contentType || "application/octet-stream";
-    var extra = {
-      "Content-Type":   contentType,
-      "Content-Length": String(buf.length),
-    };
-    if (sseRequested) Object.assign(extra, sseRequested.headers);
-    var headers = _makeSigned("PUT", url, payloadHash, extra);
-    return _request("PUT", url, headers, buf, reqOpts).then(function (res) {
-      _verifySseResponse(sseRequested, res.headers);
-      return { size: buf.length, etag: res.headers.etag };
-    });
-  }
-
-  async function _multipartPut(key, body, opts, sseRequested) {
-    var contentType = opts.contentType || "application/octet-stream";
-
-    // Slice into parts. For Buffers we slice up-front; for streams we
-    // read sequentially into part-sized buffers (memory bounded).
-    var parts;
-    if (Buffer.isBuffer(body)) {
-      parts = [];
-      for (var off = 0; off < body.length; off += partSize) {
-        parts.push(body.slice(off, Math.min(off + partSize, body.length)));
-      }
-      // Edge case: empty buffer → one zero-length part. S3 rejects
-      // multipart with zero parts; rather than handling this corner
-      // we route empty buffers through single-PUT instead.
-      if (parts.length === 0) parts = [Buffer.alloc(0)];
-    } else {
-      parts = await _readStreamParts(body, partSize);
-      if (parts.length === 0) parts = [Buffer.alloc(0)];
-    }
-    if (parts.length > MAX_PARTS) {
-      throw _err("TOO_MANY_PARTS",
-        "multipart upload would require " + parts.length + " parts " +
-        "(S3 max " + MAX_PARTS + "); increase partSizeBytes", true);
-    }
-
-    // 1. Initiate — `?uploads` is the InitiateMultipartUpload subresource.
-    // Build the URL with the bare token (no trailing `=`) for consistency
-    // with sigv4-bucket-ops.js — strict S3 implementations route on the
-    // bare form; the `URLSearchParams.set("uploads", "")` idiom produces
-    // `?uploads=` which is accepted by AWS + MinIO for this specific
-    // subresource, but the framework's convention is the bare form
-    // everywhere. SigV4 canonicalization reads `url.searchParams` (which
-    // still presents `uploads=` per AWS spec) so the signature path is
-    // unchanged.
-    var url = _keyToUrl(key);
-    var initiateUrl = _internalUrl(url.href + (url.search ? "&" : "?") + "uploads", allowedProtocols);
-    var initiateExtra = {
-      "Content-Type":   contentType,
-      "Content-Length": "0",
-    };
-    if (sseRequested) Object.assign(initiateExtra, sseRequested.headers);
-    var initiateHeaders = _makeSigned("POST", initiateUrl, sha256Hex(Buffer.alloc(0)), initiateExtra);
-    var initRes = await _request("POST", initiateUrl, initiateHeaders, Buffer.alloc(0), reqOpts);
-    _verifySseResponse(sseRequested, initRes.headers);
-    var initDoc = safeXml.parse(initRes.body, LIST_PARSE_OPTS);
-    var uploadId = initDoc.InitiateMultipartUploadResult &&
-      initDoc.InitiateMultipartUploadResult.UploadId;
-    if (!uploadId) {
-      throw _err("MULTIPART_INIT_FAILED",
-        "S3 InitiateMultipartUpload response missing UploadId", false);
-    }
-
-    var totalSize = 0;
-    var uploadedEtags;
-
-    try {
-      // 2. Upload parts (concurrency-bounded)
-      uploadedEtags = await _bounded(parts, partConcurrency, async function (partBuf, idx) {
-        var partNumber = idx + 1;
-        var partUrl = _internalUrl(url.href, allowedProtocols);
-        partUrl.searchParams.set("partNumber", String(partNumber));
-        partUrl.searchParams.set("uploadId", uploadId);
-        var partHeaders = _makeSigned("PUT", partUrl, sha256Hex(partBuf), {
-          "Content-Length": String(partBuf.length),
-        });
-        var partRes = await _request("PUT", partUrl, partHeaders, partBuf, reqOpts);
-        if (!partRes.headers.etag) {
-          throw _err("MULTIPART_PART_FAILED",
-            "UploadPart response missing ETag for part " + partNumber, false);
-        }
-        totalSize += partBuf.length;
-        return { partNumber: partNumber, etag: partRes.headers.etag };
-      });
-
-      // 3. Complete
-      var completeUrl = _internalUrl(url.href, allowedProtocols);
-      completeUrl.searchParams.set("uploadId", uploadId);
-      var completeBody = Buffer.from(_buildCompleteMultipartXml(uploadedEtags), "utf8");
-      var completeHeaders = _makeSigned("POST", completeUrl, sha256Hex(completeBody), {
-        "Content-Type":   "application/xml",
-        "Content-Length": String(completeBody.length),
-      });
-      var completeRes = await _request("POST", completeUrl, completeHeaders, completeBody, reqOpts);
-      // S3 may return 200 OK with an error body on CompleteMultipartUpload —
-      // surface that as a hard error rather than a silent success.
-      var completeDoc = safeXml.parse(completeRes.body, LIST_PARSE_OPTS);
-      if (completeDoc.Error) {
-        throw _err("MULTIPART_COMPLETE_FAILED",
-          "CompleteMultipartUpload returned error: " +
-          (completeDoc.Error.Code || "unknown") + " " +
-          (completeDoc.Error.Message || ""), false);
-      }
-      // SSE was already verified on the InitiateMultipartUpload
-      // response — that's the request that establishes the upload's
-      // encryption policy server-side. The CompleteMultipartUpload
-      // response may or may not echo the header depending on vendor;
-      // re-verifying here would double-fault on otherwise-fine setups.
-      var result = completeDoc.CompleteMultipartUploadResult || {};
-      return { size: totalSize, etag: result.ETag || completeRes.headers.etag, multipart: true };
-    } catch (e) {
-      // Abort cleans up server-side storage for the partial upload.
-      // Failures here are silently swallowed — the caller's original
-      // error is what they need to see, not a secondary cleanup error.
-      try {
-        var abortUrl = _internalUrl(url.href, allowedProtocols);
-        abortUrl.searchParams.set("uploadId", uploadId);
-        var abortHeaders = _makeSigned("DELETE", abortUrl, sha256Hex(Buffer.alloc(0)));
-        await _request("DELETE", abortUrl, abortHeaders, null, reqOpts);
-      } catch (_e) { /* primary error wins */ }
-      throw e;
-    }
-  }
-
-  // get(key, opts?) — opts forwarded to the request as conditional /
-  // range headers so operator HTTP routes can pass If-None-Match,
-  // If-Match, If-Modified-Since, If-Unmodified-Since, and Range from the
-  // client request straight through to S3. Returns just the body buffer
-  // for backwards compatibility; operators wanting status + response
-  // headers (304 vs 206 vs 200) call getResponse() instead.
-  function get(key, opts) {
-    return getResponse(key, opts).then(function (r) { return r.body; });
-  }
-
-  function getStream(key, opts) {
-    return Readable.from(get(key, opts));
-  }
-
-  // getResponse(key, opts?) — full-fidelity GET. Returns
-  // { body, statusCode, etag, lastModified, contentRange, size,
-  //   contentType }. Throws on non-2xx EXCEPT 304 (returned as
-  // { statusCode: 304, etag, lastModified, body: null }) so operator
-  // routes can short-circuit conditional GETs without losing the
-  // response headers.
-  function getResponse(key, opts) {
-    opts = opts || {};
-    var url = _keyToUrl(key);
-    var headers = _makeSigned("GET", url, sha256Hex(Buffer.alloc(0)));
-    if (opts.range) {
-      headers["Range"] = "bytes=" + opts.range.start + "-" + opts.range.end;
-    }
-    if (opts.ifNoneMatch)      headers["If-None-Match"]      = opts.ifNoneMatch;
-    if (opts.ifMatch)          headers["If-Match"]           = opts.ifMatch;
-    if (opts.ifModifiedSince)  headers["If-Modified-Since"]  = opts.ifModifiedSince;
-    if (opts.ifUnmodifiedSince) headers["If-Unmodified-Since"] = opts.ifUnmodifiedSince;
-    var localReqOpts = Object.assign({}, reqOpts, { _resolveOnRedirect: false });
-    return _request("GET", url, headers, null, localReqOpts).then(function (res) {
-      return {
-        statusCode:   res.statusCode,
-        body:         res.body,
-        etag:         res.headers && res.headers.etag,
-        lastModified: res.headers && res.headers["last-modified"]
-                      ? Date.parse(res.headers["last-modified"]) : null,
-        contentRange: res.headers && res.headers["content-range"] || null,
-        size:         res.headers && res.headers["content-length"]
-                      ? parseInt(res.headers["content-length"], 10) : null,
-        contentType:  res.headers && res.headers["content-type"] || null,
-      };
-    }, function (err) {
-      // 304 surfaces as a "non-2xx error" via httpClient; propagate it
-      // as a structured 304 result instead so operator routes get
-      // the conditional-GET short-circuit they expect.
-      if (err && err.statusCode === requestHelpers.HTTP_STATUS.NOT_MODIFIED) {
-        return {
-          statusCode: requestHelpers.HTTP_STATUS.NOT_MODIFIED,
-          body: null, etag: null, lastModified: null,
-        };
-      }
-      throw err;
-    });
-  }
-
-  function head(key) {
-    var url = _keyToUrl(key);
-    var headers = _makeSigned("HEAD", url, sha256Hex(Buffer.alloc(0)));
-    return _request("HEAD", url, headers, null, reqOpts).then(function (res) {
-      return {
-        size:         res.headers["content-length"] ? parseInt(res.headers["content-length"], 10) : null,
-        etag:         res.headers.etag,
-        lastModified: res.headers["last-modified"] ? Date.parse(res.headers["last-modified"]) : null,
-      };
-    });
-  }
-
-  function deleteKey(key) {
-    var url = _keyToUrl(key);
-    var headers = _makeSigned("DELETE", url, sha256Hex(Buffer.alloc(0)));
-    return _request("DELETE", url, headers, null, reqOpts).then(
-      function () { return true; },
-      function (e) { if (e.statusCode === 404) return false; throw e; }
-    );
-  }
-
-  function _presign(method, opts) {
-    opts = opts || {};
-    if (!opts.key || typeof opts.key !== "string") {
-      throw _err("INVALID_KEY", "presigned URL: key is required", true);
-    }
-    if (opts.key.indexOf("\0") !== -1) {
-      throw _err("INVALID_KEY", "null byte in key", true);
-    }
-    var expiresIn = opts.expiresIn != null ? opts.expiresIn : PRESIGN_DEFAULT_EXPIRES_SECONDS;
-    if (typeof expiresIn !== "number" ||
-        expiresIn < PRESIGN_MIN_EXPIRES_SECONDS ||
-        expiresIn > PRESIGN_MAX_EXPIRES_SECONDS) {
-      throw _err("INVALID_EXPIRES",
-        "presigned URL: expiresIn must be a number of seconds between " +
-        PRESIGN_MIN_EXPIRES_SECONDS + " and " + PRESIGN_MAX_EXPIRES_SECONDS +
-        " (7 days, SigV4 hard cap)", true);
-    }
-
-    var url = _keyToUrl(opts.key);
-    var date = opts.date || new Date();
-    var amzDate = _formatAmzDate(date);
-    var dateStamp = _formatDateStamp(date);
-    var credentialScope = dateStamp + "/" + config.region + "/" + SERVICE + "/aws4_request";
-
-    // Build the headers we want to sign. host is always signed; if the
-    // caller supplies opts.contentType the value is bound into the
-    // signature so the client MUST send Content-Type matching exactly,
-    // otherwise S3 rejects with SignatureDoesNotMatch — turning the
-    // hint into real server-side enforcement.
-    var headers = { host: url.host };
-    if (opts.contentType) headers["content-type"] = opts.contentType;
-    // SigV4 SignedHeaders: lowercase, semicolon-joined, AWS-spec order.
-    var signedHeaderKeys = [];
-    for (var hk in headers) signedHeaderKeys.push(hk);
-    signedHeaderKeys.sort();
-    var signedHeadersStr = signedHeaderKeys.join(";");
-
-    // Query-string SigV4: presigning carries auth in the URL itself.
-    // The set order doesn't matter — canonicalQueryString sorts the
-    // params before hashing.
-    url.searchParams.set("X-Amz-Algorithm", ALGORITHM);
-    url.searchParams.set("X-Amz-Credential", config.accessKeyId + "/" + credentialScope);
-    url.searchParams.set("X-Amz-Date", amzDate);
-    url.searchParams.set("X-Amz-Expires", String(expiresIn));
-    url.searchParams.set("X-Amz-SignedHeaders", signedHeadersStr);
-    if (config.sessionToken) {
-      url.searchParams.set("X-Amz-Security-Token", config.sessionToken);
-    }
-
-    // Payload hash for query-string presigning is the literal string
-    // "UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD" — the body is not part of the signature.
-    var canon = canonicalRequest(method, url, headers, "UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD");
-    var sts = stringToSign(amzDate, credentialScope, canon);
-    var signingKey = deriveSigningKey(config.secretAccessKey, dateStamp, config.region, SERVICE);
-    var signature = nodeCrypto.createHmac("sha256", signingKey).update(sts).digest("hex");
-
-    url.searchParams.set("X-Amz-Signature", signature);
-
-    var clientHeaders = {};
-    if (opts.contentType) clientHeaders["Content-Type"] = opts.contentType;
-
-    return {
-      url:       url.toString(),
-      method:    method,
-      headers:   clientHeaders,
-      expiresAt: date.getTime() + C.TIME.seconds(expiresIn),
-    };
-  }
-
-  function presignedUploadUrl(opts)   { return _presign("PUT", opts); }
-  function presignedDownloadUrl(opts) { return _presign("GET", opts); }
-
-  // POST-form policy presigning (S3-compatible). Unlike query-string
-  // PUT presigning, this lets the operator enforce body-size at the
-  // upload endpoint via the `content-length-range` policy condition.
-  // Clients upload via multipart/form-data POST to the returned URL,
-  // attaching every key in `fields` plus the file as the last field.
-  //
-  // Reference: AWS S3 "Browser-Based Uploads Using POST".
-  function presignedUploadPolicy(opts) {
-    opts = opts || {};
-    if (!opts.key || typeof opts.key !== "string") {
-      throw _err("INVALID_KEY", "presignedUploadPolicy: key is required", true);
-    }
-    if (opts.key.indexOf("\0") !== -1) {
-      throw _err("INVALID_KEY", "null byte in key", true);
-    }
-    if (typeof opts.maxBytes !== "number" || !Number.isFinite(opts.maxBytes) ||
-        opts.maxBytes <= 0) {
-      throw _err("INVALID_MAX_BYTES",
-        "presignedUploadPolicy: maxBytes (positive number of bytes) is required — " +
-        "POST-form policy enforces body size via the content-length-range condition; " +
-        "use presignedUploadUrl if size enforcement is not needed", true);
-    }
-    if (opts.minBytes !== undefined && !nb.isNonNegativeFiniteInt(opts.minBytes)) {
-      throw _err("INVALID_MIN_BYTES",
-        "presignedUploadPolicy: minBytes must be a non-negative finite integer; got " +
-        nb.shape(opts.minBytes), true);
-    }
-    var minBytes = opts.minBytes !== undefined ? opts.minBytes : 0;
-    var expiresIn = opts.expiresIn != null ? opts.expiresIn : PRESIGN_DEFAULT_EXPIRES_SECONDS;
-    if (typeof expiresIn !== "number" ||
-        expiresIn < PRESIGN_MIN_EXPIRES_SECONDS ||
-        expiresIn > PRESIGN_MAX_EXPIRES_SECONDS) {
-      throw _err("INVALID_EXPIRES",
-        "presignedUploadPolicy: expiresIn must be a number of seconds between " +
-        PRESIGN_MIN_EXPIRES_SECONDS + " and " + PRESIGN_MAX_EXPIRES_SECONDS +
-        " (7 days, SigV4 hard cap)", true);
-    }
-
-    var date = opts.date || new Date();
-    var amzDate = _formatAmzDate(date);
-    var dateStamp = _formatDateStamp(date);
-    var credentialScope = dateStamp + "/" + config.region + "/" + SERVICE + "/aws4_request";
-    var credential = config.accessKeyId + "/" + credentialScope;
-    var expirationIso = new Date(date.getTime() + C.TIME.seconds(expiresIn)).toISOString();
-
-    // Policy conditions. Each entry must MATCH a corresponding form
-    // field exactly OR be a structural constraint (content-length-range
-    // / starts-with). Order doesn't matter — S3 evaluates the set.
-    var conditions = [
-      { "bucket":           config.bucket },
-      { "key":              opts.key },
-      { "x-amz-algorithm":  ALGORITHM },
-      { "x-amz-credential": credential },
-      { "x-amz-date":       amzDate },
-      ["content-length-range", minBytes, opts.maxBytes],
-    ];
-    if (config.sessionToken) {
-      conditions.push({ "x-amz-security-token": config.sessionToken });
-    }
-    if (opts.contentType) {
-      conditions.push({ "content-type": opts.contentType });
-    }
-
-    var policy = { expiration: expirationIso, conditions: conditions };
-    var policyJson = JSON.stringify(policy);
-    var policyB64 = Buffer.from(policyJson, "utf8").toString("base64");
-
-    var signingKey = deriveSigningKey(config.secretAccessKey, dateStamp, config.region, SERVICE);
-    var signature = nodeCrypto.createHmac("sha256", signingKey).update(policyB64).digest("hex");
-
-    var fields = {
-      "key":              opts.key,
-      "x-amz-algorithm":  ALGORITHM,
-      "x-amz-credential": credential,
-      "x-amz-date":       amzDate,
-      "policy":           policyB64,
-      "x-amz-signature":  signature,
-    };
-    if (config.sessionToken) fields["x-amz-security-token"] = config.sessionToken;
-    if (opts.contentType)    fields["content-type"]         = opts.contentType;
-
-    // The bucket-root URL — no key in the path, key is a form field.
-    var url = _bucketUrl();
-
-    return {
-      url:           url.toString(),
-      method:        "POST",
-      fields:        fields,
-      expiresAt:     date.getTime() + C.TIME.seconds(expiresIn),
-      maxBytes:      opts.maxBytes,
-      enforcement:   "content-length-range",  // S3-side enforced
-    };
-  }
-
-  function list(prefix, opts) {
-    opts = opts || {};
-    var params = { "list-type": "2" };
-    if (prefix) params["prefix"] = prefix;
-    if (opts.maxResults) params["max-keys"] = String(opts.maxResults);
-    if (opts.continuationToken) params["continuation-token"] = opts.continuationToken;
-
-    var url = _bucketUrl(params);
-    var headers = _makeSigned("GET", url, sha256Hex(Buffer.alloc(0)));
-    return _request("GET", url, headers, null, reqOpts).then(function (res) {
-      var doc = safeXml.parse(res.body, LIST_PARSE_OPTS);
-      var result = doc.ListBucketResult || {};
-      var contents = _arrayify(result.Contents);
-      var items = contents.map(function (c) {
-        return {
-          key:          c.Key,
-          size:         c.Size != null ? parseInt(c.Size, 10) : null,
-          lastModified: c.LastModified ? Date.parse(c.LastModified) : null,
-        };
-      }).filter(function (it) { return it.key; });
-      return {
-        items:             items,
-        truncated:         result.IsTruncated === "true",
-        continuationToken: result.NextContinuationToken || null,
-      };
-    });
-  }
-
-  return {
-    protocol:  "sigv4",
-    endpoint:  endpoint,
-    bucket:    config.bucket,
-    region:    config.region,
-    pathStyle: pathStyle,
-    put:       put,
-    get:       get,
-    getStream: getStream,
-    getResponse: getResponse,
-    head:      head,
-    delete:    deleteKey,
-    list:      list,
-    presignedUploadUrl:    presignedUploadUrl,
-    presignedDownloadUrl:  presignedDownloadUrl,
-    presignedUploadPolicy: presignedUploadPolicy,
-  };
-}
-
-module.exports = {
-  create:               create,
-  signRequest:          signRequest,
-  canonicalRequest:     canonicalRequest,
-  stringToSign:         stringToSign,
-  deriveSigningKey:     deriveSigningKey,
-  canonicalQueryString: canonicalQueryString,
-  canonicalHeaders:     canonicalHeaders,
-  awsUriEncode:         awsUriEncode,
-  sha256Hex:            sha256Hex,
-  formatAmzDate:        _formatAmzDate,
-  formatDateStamp:      _formatDateStamp,
-  SERVICE:              SERVICE,
-  ALGORITHM:            ALGORITHM,
-};
+"use strict";
+/**
+ * SigV4 protocol adapter — AWS Signature Version 4.
+ *
+ * One signing implementation covers the entire S3-API-compatible family:
+ *   AWS S3, Cloudflare R2, Backblaze B2 (S3 endpoint), MinIO, Wasabi,
+ *   Tigris, DigitalOcean Spaces, IDrive e2, Linode Object Storage, Storj
+ *   (S3 gateway). Service identifier is always "s3" for object storage.
+ *
+ * Config:
+ *   {
+ *     endpoint:        'https://s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com'  // or R2/MinIO/etc.
+ *     region:          'us-west-2'                            // required
+ *     bucket:          'my-bucket'                            // required
+ *     accessKeyId:     '...'                                  // required
+ *     secretAccessKey: '...'                                  // required
+ *     sessionToken:    '...'                                  // optional (STS)
+ *     pathStyle:       false                                  // virtual-hosted
+ *                                                             //  by default
+ *     timeoutMs:       C.TIME.seconds(30)
+ *   }
+ *
+ * Reference:
+ *   https://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/sigv4_signing.html
+ */
+var nodeCrypto = require("crypto");
+var { URL } = require("url");
+var { Readable } = require("stream");
+var safeXml = require("../parsers/safe-xml");
+var sharedRequest = require("./http-request");
+var C = require("../constants");
+var nb = require("../numeric-bounds");
+var requestHelpers = require("../request-helpers");
+var { ObjectStoreError } = require("../framework-error");
+var safeUrl = require("../safe-url");
+
+// Internal URL builder — endpoint + path string from validated config /
+// framework-encoded keys. Routes through safeUrl.parse so the protocol
+// allowlist + length cap apply uniformly. Presigned URLs with many
+// query params can approach the 8 KB default; raise the cap to 32 KB
+// so a worst-case multipart UploadPart URL still fits.
+function _internalUrl(input, allowedProtocols) {
+  return safeUrl.parse(input, {
+    allowedProtocols: allowedProtocols || safeUrl.ALLOW_HTTP_TLS,
+    errorClass:       ObjectStoreError,
+    maxUrlLength:     C.BYTES.kib(32),
+  });
+}
+
+// S3 list responses are commonly 1000-key paginated payloads — well above
+// the parser's default 1 MiB / 10K element ceilings. These overrides
+// give headroom for normal responses without uncapping the parser.
+var LIST_PARSE_OPTS = {
+  maxBytes:    C.BYTES.mib(8),
+  maxElements: C.BYTES.bytes(50000),
+};
+
+function _arrayify(value) {
+  // xml-safe maps multiple same-tag children to an array; a single child
+  // stays as the bare object; zero children means the property is absent.
+  // List traversal needs a uniform array, so normalize.
+  if (value == null) return [];
+  return Array.isArray(value) ? value : [value];
+}
+
+var SERVICE = "s3";
+var ALGORITHM = "AWS4-HMAC-SHA256";
+
+// Presigned-URL expiry bounds. The SigV4 spec caps query-string-signed
+// URLs at 7 days; below 1 second is effectively unsignable.
+var PRESIGN_DEFAULT_EXPIRES_SECONDS = C.TIME.minutes(15) / C.TIME.seconds(1); // 15 minutes
+var PRESIGN_MAX_EXPIRES_SECONDS     = C.TIME.days(7)     / C.TIME.seconds(1); // 7 days (SigV4 hard cap)
+var PRESIGN_MIN_EXPIRES_SECONDS     = 1;
+
+var _err = ObjectStoreError.factory;
+
+// ---- SigV4 primitives ----
+
+function sha256Hex(buf) {
+  return nodeCrypto.createHash("sha256").update(buf).digest("hex");
+}
+function hmacSha256(key, data) {
+  return nodeCrypto.createHmac("sha256", key).update(data).digest();
+}
+
+// AWS-style URI encoding: same as RFC 3986 except path '/' may be preserved.
+function awsUriEncode(str, encodeSlash) {
+  var out = "";
+  for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
+    var c = str.charCodeAt(i);
+    var ch = str.charAt(i);
+    if ((c >= 0x41 && c <= 0x5A) || (c >= 0x61 && c <= 0x7A) ||
+        (c >= 0x30 && c <= 0x39) ||
+        ch === "-" || ch === "_" || ch === "." || ch === "~") {
+      out += ch;
+    } else if (ch === "/" && !encodeSlash) {
+      out += "/";
+    } else {
+      var enc = encodeURIComponent(ch).replace(/!/g, "%21").replace(/\*/g, "%2A").replace(/'/g, "%27").replace(/\(/g, "%28").replace(/\)/g, "%29");
+      out += enc;
+    }
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+function canonicalQueryString(searchParams) {
+  if (!searchParams || searchParams.toString() === "") return "";
+  var pairs = [];
+  searchParams.forEach(function (v, k) { pairs.push([k, v]); });
+  pairs.sort(function (a, b) {
+    if (a[0] < b[0]) return -1;
+    if (a[0] > b[0]) return 1;
+    if (a[1] < b[1]) return -1;
+    if (a[1] > b[1]) return 1;
+    return 0;
+  });
+  return pairs.map(function (p) {
+    return awsUriEncode(p[0], true) + "=" + awsUriEncode(p[1], true);
+  }).join("&");
+}
+
+function canonicalHeaders(headers) {
+  var pairs = [];
+  for (var k in headers) {
+    if (headers[k] === undefined || headers[k] === null) continue;
+    var lk = k.toLowerCase();
+    var v = String(headers[k]).trim().replace(/\s+/g, " ");
+    pairs.push([lk, v]);
+  }
+  pairs.sort(function (a, b) { return a[0] < b[0] ? -1 : a[0] > b[0] ? 1 : 0; });
+  var canon = "";
+  var signed = [];
+  for (var i = 0; i < pairs.length; i++) {
+    canon += pairs[i][0] + ":" + pairs[i][1] + "\n";
+    signed.push(pairs[i][0]);
+  }
+  return { canonical: canon, signed: signed.join(";") };
+}
+
+function canonicalRequest(method, urlObj, headers, payloadHash) {
+  var canonHeaders = canonicalHeaders(headers);
+  var path = urlObj.pathname;
+  if (!path) path = "/";
+  return [
+    method.toUpperCase(),
+    awsUriEncode(path, false),
+    canonicalQueryString(urlObj.searchParams),
+    canonHeaders.canonical,
+    canonHeaders.signed,
+    payloadHash,
+  ].join("\n");
+}
+
+function stringToSign(amzDate, credentialScope, canonicalReq) {
+  return [
+    ALGORITHM,
+    amzDate,
+    credentialScope,
+    sha256Hex(canonicalReq),
+  ].join("\n");
+}
+
+function deriveSigningKey(secretAccessKey, dateStamp, region, service) {
+  var kDate    = hmacSha256("AWS4" + secretAccessKey, dateStamp);
+  var kRegion  = hmacSha256(kDate, region);
+  var kService = hmacSha256(kRegion, service);
+  return hmacSha256(kService, "aws4_request");
+}
+
+// SigV4 ISO compact format: YYYYMMDDTHHMMSSZ — slice indices fixed
+// by AWS spec.
+function _formatAmzDate(d) {
+  var iso = d.toISOString().replace(/[-:]/g, "");
+  return iso.slice(0, C.BYTES.bytes(8)) + "T" + iso.slice(9, 15) + "Z";
+}
+function _formatDateStamp(d) {
+  return d.toISOString().slice(0, 10).replace(/-/g, "");
+}
+
+function signRequest(opts) {
+  var date = opts.date || new Date();
+  var amzDate = _formatAmzDate(date);
+  var dateStamp = _formatDateStamp(date);
+  // signRequest is called by callers signing requests to operator-
+  // configured endpoints (cloudwatch, sqs, sns, custom S3-API stores).
+  // Honor opts.allowedProtocols so a test-fixture http:// endpoint still
+  // signs correctly while production https:// stays the default.
+  var url = opts.url instanceof URL ? opts.url
+                                    : _internalUrl(opts.url, opts.allowedProtocols);
+  // service defaults to s3 for back-compat — every call site predating
+  // v0.6.25 was object-store / S3. Other AWS services (logs, sqs, sns,
+  // kinesis, etc.) pass opts.service explicitly. The credentialScope
+  // and signing-key derivation both incorporate the service name, so
+  // this MUST match what the target service expects.
+  var service = opts.service || SERVICE;
+
+  var headers = Object.assign({}, opts.headers || {});
+  headers["host"] = url.host;
+  headers["x-amz-date"] = amzDate;
+  if (!headers["x-amz-content-sha256"]) {
+    headers["x-amz-content-sha256"] = opts.payloadHash;
+  }
+  if (opts.sessionToken) {
+    headers["x-amz-security-token"] = opts.sessionToken;
+  }
+
+  var canon = canonicalRequest(opts.method, url, headers, opts.payloadHash);
+  var credentialScope = dateStamp + "/" + opts.region + "/" + service + "/aws4_request";
+  var sts = stringToSign(amzDate, credentialScope, canon);
+  var signingKey = deriveSigningKey(opts.secretAccessKey, dateStamp, opts.region, service);
+  var signature = nodeCrypto.createHmac("sha256", signingKey).update(sts).digest("hex");
+
+  var canonHeaders = canonicalHeaders(headers);
+  var auth = ALGORITHM +
+    " Credential=" + opts.accessKeyId + "/" + credentialScope +
+    ", SignedHeaders=" + canonHeaders.signed +
+    ", Signature=" + signature;
+  headers["Authorization"] = auth;
+
+  return { headers: headers, signature: signature, canonicalRequest: canon, stringToSign: sts };
+}
+
+// ---- HTTP request helper ----
+
+var _request = sharedRequest;
+
+// ---- Multipart-upload constants ----
+
+// S3 spec floor for non-final part size. Below this the API rejects
+// CompleteMultipartUpload with EntityTooSmall. The framework refuses
+// configurations below this floor at create() time so operators don't
+// see surprising failures only on large uploads.
+var MIN_PART_SIZE_BYTES = C.BYTES.mib(5);
+// S3 spec ceiling on part count. CompleteMultipartUpload rejects
+// uploads with more than 10000 parts.
+var MAX_PARTS = C.BYTES.bytes(10000);
+// Auto-multipart trigger: buffered bodies under this stay single-PUT.
+// Streams always go multipart since size isn't known up-front.
+var DEFAULT_MULTIPART_THRESHOLD_BYTES = C.BYTES.mib(64);
+// Conservative default part size — large enough to keep round-trip
+// overhead small relative to payload, small enough to fit comfortably
+// in a 4-way-concurrent upload's memory footprint.
+var DEFAULT_PART_SIZE_BYTES = C.BYTES.mib(16);
+var DEFAULT_PART_CONCURRENCY = 4;
+
+// ---- SSE option handling ----
+
+function _resolveSseHeaders(sse) {
+  if (sse === undefined || sse === null) return null;
+  var type;
+  var keyId = null;
+  if (typeof sse === "string") {
+    type = sse;
+  } else if (sse && typeof sse === "object") {
+    type = sse.type;
+    keyId = sse.keyId || null;
+  } else {
+    throw _err("INVALID_SSE",
+      "opts.sse must be a string ('AES256' | 'aws:kms') or " +
+      "{ type, keyId }, got " + typeof sse, true);
+  }
+  if (type !== "AES256" && type !== "aws:kms") {
+    throw _err("INVALID_SSE",
+      "opts.sse type must be 'AES256' or 'aws:kms', got '" + type + "'", true);
+  }
+  var h = { "x-amz-server-side-encryption": type };
+  if (type === "aws:kms" && keyId) {
+    h["x-amz-server-side-encryption-aws-kms-key-id"] = String(keyId);
+  }
+  return { type: type, keyId: keyId, headers: h };
+}
+
+function _verifySseResponse(sseRequested, resHeaders) {
+  // Operators who specified an SSE policy expect the bucket / object to
+  // honor it. If the server silently dropped the header (mis-configured
+  // bucket policy, unsupported endpoint, etc.) the request looks like a
+  // success but the at-rest data is unencrypted. Surface this as a
+  // hard failure rather than a silent compliance hole.
+  if (!sseRequested) return;
+  var got = resHeaders["x-amz-server-side-encryption"];
+  if (!got) {
+    throw _err("SSE_NOT_APPLIED",
+      "opts.sse was '" + sseRequested.type + "' but server did not " +
+      "apply server-side encryption (no x-amz-server-side-encryption " +
+      "response header)", true);
+  }
+  if (got !== sseRequested.type) {
+    throw _err("SSE_MISMATCH",
+      "opts.sse requested '" + sseRequested.type + "' but server " +
+      "applied '" + got + "'", true);
+  }
+}
+
+// ---- Multipart helpers ----
+
+// Build the CompleteMultipartUpload request body. Parts must be in
+// ascending PartNumber order. ETags from S3 include surrounding
+// quotes — preserve them exactly.
+function _buildCompleteMultipartXml(parts) {
+  var body = "<CompleteMultipartUpload>";
+  for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) {
+    body += "<Part>";
+    body += "<PartNumber>" + parts[i].partNumber + "</PartNumber>";
+    body += "<ETag>" + parts[i].etag + "</ETag>";
+    body += "</Part>";
+  }
+  body += "</CompleteMultipartUpload>";
+  return body;
+}
+
+// Read a Readable stream into fixed-size buffers. Yields one Buffer
+// per part (size <= partSize). The final part may be smaller. The
+// stream is consumed exactly once.
+async function _readStreamParts(readable, partSize) {
+  var parts = [];
+  var pending = [];
+  var pendingBytes = 0;
+  for await (var chunk of readable) {
+    var buf = Buffer.isBuffer(chunk) ? chunk : Buffer.from(chunk);
+    pending.push(buf);
+    pendingBytes += buf.length;
+    while (pendingBytes >= partSize) {
+      var combined = Buffer.concat(pending, pendingBytes);
+      parts.push(combined.slice(0, partSize));
+      var leftover = combined.slice(partSize);
+      pending = leftover.length > 0 ? [leftover] : [];
+      pendingBytes = leftover.length;
+    }
+  }
+  if (pendingBytes > 0) {
+    parts.push(Buffer.concat(pending, pendingBytes));
+  }
+  return parts;
+}
+
+// Run an array of async tasks with bounded parallelism. Preserves
+// result order by index.
+async function _bounded(items, concurrency, runner) {
+  var results = new Array(items.length);
+  var i = 0;
+  async function worker() {
+    while (true) {
+      var idx = i++;
+      if (idx >= items.length) return;
+      results[idx] = await runner(items[idx], idx);
+    }
+  }
+  var workers = [];
+  for (var w = 0; w < Math.min(concurrency, items.length); w++) {
+    workers.push(worker());
+  }
+  await Promise.all(workers);
+  return results;
+}
+
+// ---- Public adapter factory ----
+
+function create(config) {
+  if (!config) throw new Error("sigv4 protocol requires config");
+  if (!config.region)          throw new Error("sigv4: region is required");
+  if (!config.bucket)          throw new Error("sigv4: bucket is required");
+  if (!config.accessKeyId)     throw new Error("sigv4: accessKeyId is required");
+  if (!config.secretAccessKey) throw new Error("sigv4: secretAccessKey is required");
+
+  var endpoint = config.endpoint || ("https://s3." + config.region + ".amazonaws.com");
+  if (endpoint.endsWith("/")) endpoint = endpoint.slice(0, -1);
+  var pathStyle = !!(config.pathStyle || config.forcePathStyle);
+
+  var partSize = config.partSizeBytes != null
+    ? config.partSizeBytes
+    : DEFAULT_PART_SIZE_BYTES;
+  if (typeof partSize !== "number" || !isFinite(partSize) || partSize < MIN_PART_SIZE_BYTES) {
+    throw _err("INVALID_CONFIG",
+      "sigv4: partSizeBytes must be a number >= " + MIN_PART_SIZE_BYTES +
+      " (S3 minimum part size), got " + partSize, true);
+  }
+  var multipartThreshold = config.multipartThresholdBytes != null
+    ? config.multipartThresholdBytes
+    : DEFAULT_MULTIPART_THRESHOLD_BYTES;
+  if (typeof multipartThreshold !== "number" || !isFinite(multipartThreshold) || multipartThreshold < 0) {
+    throw _err("INVALID_CONFIG",
+      "sigv4: multipartThresholdBytes must be a non-negative finite number, got " +
+      multipartThreshold, true);
+  }
+  var partConcurrency = config.partConcurrency != null
+    ? config.partConcurrency
+    : DEFAULT_PART_CONCURRENCY;
+  if (typeof partConcurrency !== "number" || partConcurrency < 1 || !isFinite(partConcurrency)) {
+    throw _err("INVALID_CONFIG",
+      "sigv4: partConcurrency must be a positive finite number, got " + partConcurrency, true);
+  }
+  // HTTPS-only by default — AWS S3, R2, MinIO-over-https. Operators with
+  // an internal cleartext S3-compatible endpoint (test fixtures, local
+  // dev MinIO) opt in via config.allowedProtocols.
+  var allowedProtocols = config.allowedProtocols || safeUrl.ALLOW_HTTP_TLS;
+  var allowInternal    = config.allowInternal != null ? config.allowInternal : null;
+  safeUrl.parse(endpoint, {
+    allowedProtocols: allowedProtocols,
+    errorClass:       ObjectStoreError,
+  });
+  var reqOpts = { timeoutMs: config.timeoutMs, allowedProtocols: allowedProtocols };
+  if (allowInternal !== null) reqOpts.allowInternal = allowInternal;
+
+  function _keyToUrl(key) {
+    if (key.indexOf("\0") !== -1) throw _err("INVALID_KEY", "null byte in key", true);
+    var encoded = key.split("/").map(function (s) { return awsUriEncode(s, true); }).join("/");
+    if (pathStyle) {
+      return _internalUrl(endpoint + "/" + config.bucket + "/" + encoded, allowedProtocols);
+    }
+    var u = _internalUrl(endpoint, allowedProtocols);
+    u.hostname = config.bucket + "." + u.hostname;
+    u.pathname = "/" + encoded;
+    return u;
+  }
+
+  function _bucketUrl(searchParams) {
+    var u;
+    if (pathStyle) {
+      u = _internalUrl(endpoint + "/" + config.bucket + "/", allowedProtocols);
+    } else {
+      u = _internalUrl(endpoint, allowedProtocols);
+      u.hostname = config.bucket + "." + u.hostname;
+      u.pathname = "/";
+    }
+    if (searchParams) {
+      Object.keys(searchParams).forEach(function (k) { u.searchParams.set(k, searchParams[k]); });
+    }
+    return u;
+  }
+
+  function _makeSigned(method, url, payloadHash, extraHeaders) {
+    var signed = signRequest({
+      method:          method,
+      url:             url,
+      headers:         extraHeaders || {},
+      payloadHash:     payloadHash,
+      region:          config.region,
+      accessKeyId:     config.accessKeyId,
+      secretAccessKey: config.secretAccessKey,
+      sessionToken:    config.sessionToken,
+    });
+    return signed.headers;
+  }
+
+  function put(key, body, opts) {
+    opts = opts || {};
+    var sseRequested = _resolveSseHeaders(opts.sse);
+    // Streams always go multipart — size isn't known up-front. Buffers
+    // dispatch to multipart when they exceed the threshold; operators
+    // can force the single-PUT path with `multipart: false` (small
+    // bodies in unit tests, or to keep the request count to one).
+    var isStream = body && typeof body === "object" && typeof body.pipe === "function";
+    if (isStream) {
+      if (opts.multipart === false) {
+        return Promise.reject(_err("STREAM_REQUIRES_MULTIPART",
+          "put(stream) requires multipart upload (set opts.multipart !== false)", true));
+      }
+      return _multipartPut(key, body, opts, sseRequested);
+    }
+    var buf = Buffer.isBuffer(body) ? body : Buffer.from(typeof body === "string" ? body : "", "utf8");
+    if (opts.multipart !== false &&
+        (opts.multipart === true || buf.length > multipartThreshold)) {
+      return _multipartPut(key, buf, opts, sseRequested);
+    }
+    return _singlePut(key, buf, opts, sseRequested);
+  }
+
+  function _singlePut(key, buf, opts, sseRequested) {
+    var url = _keyToUrl(key);
+    var payloadHash = sha256Hex(buf);
+    var contentType = opts.contentType || "application/octet-stream";
+    var extra = {
+      "Content-Type":   contentType,
+      "Content-Length": String(buf.length),
+    };
+    if (sseRequested) Object.assign(extra, sseRequested.headers);
+    var headers = _makeSigned("PUT", url, payloadHash, extra);
+    return _request("PUT", url, headers, buf, reqOpts).then(function (res) {
+      _verifySseResponse(sseRequested, res.headers);
+      return { size: buf.length, etag: res.headers.etag };
+    });
+  }
+
+  async function _multipartPut(key, body, opts, sseRequested) {
+    var contentType = opts.contentType || "application/octet-stream";
+
+    // Slice into parts. For Buffers we slice up-front; for streams we
+    // read sequentially into part-sized buffers (memory bounded).
+    var parts;
+    if (Buffer.isBuffer(body)) {
+      parts = [];
+      for (var off = 0; off < body.length; off += partSize) {
+        parts.push(body.slice(off, Math.min(off + partSize, body.length)));
+      }
+      // Edge case: empty buffer → one zero-length part. S3 rejects
+      // multipart with zero parts; rather than handling this corner
+      // we route empty buffers through single-PUT instead.
+      if (parts.length === 0) parts = [Buffer.alloc(0)];
+    } else {
+      parts = await _readStreamParts(body, partSize);
+      if (parts.length === 0) parts = [Buffer.alloc(0)];
+    }
+    if (parts.length > MAX_PARTS) {
+      throw _err("TOO_MANY_PARTS",
+        "multipart upload would require " + parts.length + " parts " +
+        "(S3 max " + MAX_PARTS + "); increase partSizeBytes", true);
+    }
+
+    // 1. Initiate — `?uploads` is the InitiateMultipartUpload subresource.
+    // Build the URL with the bare token (no trailing `=`) for consistency
+    // with sigv4-bucket-ops.js — strict S3 implementations route on the
+    // bare form; the `URLSearchParams.set("uploads", "")` idiom produces
+    // `?uploads=` which is accepted by AWS + MinIO for this specific
+    // subresource, but the framework's convention is the bare form
+    // everywhere. SigV4 canonicalization reads `url.searchParams` (which
+    // still presents `uploads=` per AWS spec) so the signature path is
+    // unchanged.
+    var url = _keyToUrl(key);
+    var initiateUrl = _internalUrl(url.href + (url.search ? "&" : "?") + "uploads", allowedProtocols);
+    var initiateExtra = {
+      "Content-Type":   contentType,
+      "Content-Length": "0",
+    };
+    if (sseRequested) Object.assign(initiateExtra, sseRequested.headers);
+    var initiateHeaders = _makeSigned("POST", initiateUrl, sha256Hex(Buffer.alloc(0)), initiateExtra);
+    var initRes = await _request("POST", initiateUrl, initiateHeaders, Buffer.alloc(0), reqOpts);
+    _verifySseResponse(sseRequested, initRes.headers);
+    var initDoc = safeXml.parse(initRes.body, LIST_PARSE_OPTS);
+    var uploadId = initDoc.InitiateMultipartUploadResult &&
+      initDoc.InitiateMultipartUploadResult.UploadId;
+    if (!uploadId) {
+      throw _err("MULTIPART_INIT_FAILED",
+        "S3 InitiateMultipartUpload response missing UploadId", false);
+    }
+
+    var totalSize = 0;
+    var uploadedEtags;
+
+    try {
+      // 2. Upload parts (concurrency-bounded)
+      uploadedEtags = await _bounded(parts, partConcurrency, async function (partBuf, idx) {
+        var partNumber = idx + 1;
+        var partUrl = _internalUrl(url.href, allowedProtocols);
+        partUrl.searchParams.set("partNumber", String(partNumber));
+        partUrl.searchParams.set("uploadId", uploadId);
+        var partHeaders = _makeSigned("PUT", partUrl, sha256Hex(partBuf), {
+          "Content-Length": String(partBuf.length),
+        });
+        var partRes = await _request("PUT", partUrl, partHeaders, partBuf, reqOpts);
+        if (!partRes.headers.etag) {
+          throw _err("MULTIPART_PART_FAILED",
+            "UploadPart response missing ETag for part " + partNumber, false);
+        }
+        totalSize += partBuf.length;
+        return { partNumber: partNumber, etag: partRes.headers.etag };
+      });
+
+      // 3. Complete
+      var completeUrl = _internalUrl(url.href, allowedProtocols);
+      completeUrl.searchParams.set("uploadId", uploadId);
+      var completeBody = Buffer.from(_buildCompleteMultipartXml(uploadedEtags), "utf8");
+      var completeHeaders = _makeSigned("POST", completeUrl, sha256Hex(completeBody), {
+        "Content-Type":   "application/xml",
+        "Content-Length": String(completeBody.length),
+      });
+      var completeRes = await _request("POST", completeUrl, completeHeaders, completeBody, reqOpts);
+      // S3 may return 200 OK with an error body on CompleteMultipartUpload —
+      // surface that as a hard error rather than a silent success.
+      var completeDoc = safeXml.parse(completeRes.body, LIST_PARSE_OPTS);
+      if (completeDoc.Error) {
+        throw _err("MULTIPART_COMPLETE_FAILED",
+          "CompleteMultipartUpload returned error: " +
+          (completeDoc.Error.Code || "unknown") + " " +
+          (completeDoc.Error.Message || ""), false);
+      }
+      // SSE was already verified on the InitiateMultipartUpload
+      // response — that's the request that establishes the upload's
+      // encryption policy server-side. The CompleteMultipartUpload
+      // response may or may not echo the header depending on vendor;
+      // re-verifying here would double-fault on otherwise-fine setups.
+      var result = completeDoc.CompleteMultipartUploadResult || {};
+      return { size: totalSize, etag: result.ETag || completeRes.headers.etag, multipart: true };
+    } catch (e) {
+      // Abort cleans up server-side storage for the partial upload.
+      // Failures here are silently swallowed — the caller's original
+      // error is what they need to see, not a secondary cleanup error.
+      try {
+        var abortUrl = _internalUrl(url.href, allowedProtocols);
+        abortUrl.searchParams.set("uploadId", uploadId);
+        var abortHeaders = _makeSigned("DELETE", abortUrl, sha256Hex(Buffer.alloc(0)));
+        await _request("DELETE", abortUrl, abortHeaders, null, reqOpts);
+      } catch (_e) { /* primary error wins */ }
+      throw e;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // get(key, opts?) — opts forwarded to the request as conditional /
+  // range headers so operator HTTP routes can pass If-None-Match,
+  // If-Match, If-Modified-Since, If-Unmodified-Since, and Range from the
+  // client request straight through to S3. Returns just the body buffer
+  // for backwards compatibility; operators wanting status + response
+  // headers (304 vs 206 vs 200) call getResponse() instead.
+  function get(key, opts) {
+    return getResponse(key, opts).then(function (r) { return r.body; });
+  }
+
+  function getStream(key, opts) {
+    return Readable.from(get(key, opts));
+  }
+
+  // getResponse(key, opts?) — full-fidelity GET. Returns
+  // { body, statusCode, etag, lastModified, contentRange, size,
+  //   contentType }. Throws on non-2xx EXCEPT 304 (returned as
+  // { statusCode: 304, etag, lastModified, body: null }) so operator
+  // routes can short-circuit conditional GETs without losing the
+  // response headers.
+  function getResponse(key, opts) {
+    opts = opts || {};
+    var url = _keyToUrl(key);
+    var headers = _makeSigned("GET", url, sha256Hex(Buffer.alloc(0)));
+    if (opts.range) {
+      headers["Range"] = "bytes=" + opts.range.start + "-" + opts.range.end;
+    }
+    if (opts.ifNoneMatch)      headers["If-None-Match"]      = opts.ifNoneMatch;
+    if (opts.ifMatch)          headers["If-Match"]           = opts.ifMatch;
+    if (opts.ifModifiedSince)  headers["If-Modified-Since"]  = opts.ifModifiedSince;
+    if (opts.ifUnmodifiedSince) headers["If-Unmodified-Since"] = opts.ifUnmodifiedSince;
+    var localReqOpts = Object.assign({}, reqOpts, { _resolveOnRedirect: false });
+    return _request("GET", url, headers, null, localReqOpts).then(function (res) {
+      return {
+        statusCode:   res.statusCode,
+        body:         res.body,
+        etag:         res.headers && res.headers.etag,
+        lastModified: res.headers && res.headers["last-modified"]
+                      ? Date.parse(res.headers["last-modified"]) : null,
+        contentRange: res.headers && res.headers["content-range"] || null,
+        size:         res.headers && res.headers["content-length"]
+                      ? parseInt(res.headers["content-length"], 10) : null,
+        contentType:  res.headers && res.headers["content-type"] || null,
+      };
+    }, function (err) {
+      // 304 surfaces as a "non-2xx error" via httpClient; propagate it
+      // as a structured 304 result instead so operator routes get
+      // the conditional-GET short-circuit they expect.
+      if (err && err.statusCode === requestHelpers.HTTP_STATUS.NOT_MODIFIED) {
+        return {
+          statusCode: requestHelpers.HTTP_STATUS.NOT_MODIFIED,
+          body: null, etag: null, lastModified: null,
+        };
+      }
+      throw err;
+    });
+  }
+
+  function head(key) {
+    var url = _keyToUrl(key);
+    var headers = _makeSigned("HEAD", url, sha256Hex(Buffer.alloc(0)));
+    return _request("HEAD", url, headers, null, reqOpts).then(function (res) {
+      return {
+        size:         res.headers["content-length"] ? parseInt(res.headers["content-length"], 10) : null,
+        etag:         res.headers.etag,
+        lastModified: res.headers["last-modified"] ? Date.parse(res.headers["last-modified"]) : null,
+      };
+    });
+  }
+
+  function deleteKey(key) {
+    var url = _keyToUrl(key);
+    var headers = _makeSigned("DELETE", url, sha256Hex(Buffer.alloc(0)));
+    return _request("DELETE", url, headers, null, reqOpts).then(
+      function () { return true; },
+      function (e) { if (e.statusCode === 404) return false; throw e; }
+    );
+  }
+
+  function _presign(method, opts) {
+    opts = opts || {};
+    if (!opts.key || typeof opts.key !== "string") {
+      throw _err("INVALID_KEY", "presigned URL: key is required", true);
+    }
+    if (opts.key.indexOf("\0") !== -1) {
+      throw _err("INVALID_KEY", "null byte in key", true);
+    }
+    var expiresIn = opts.expiresIn != null ? opts.expiresIn : PRESIGN_DEFAULT_EXPIRES_SECONDS;
+    if (typeof expiresIn !== "number" ||
+        expiresIn < PRESIGN_MIN_EXPIRES_SECONDS ||
+        expiresIn > PRESIGN_MAX_EXPIRES_SECONDS) {
+      throw _err("INVALID_EXPIRES",
+        "presigned URL: expiresIn must be a number of seconds between " +
+        PRESIGN_MIN_EXPIRES_SECONDS + " and " + PRESIGN_MAX_EXPIRES_SECONDS +
+        " (7 days, SigV4 hard cap)", true);
+    }
+
+    var url = _keyToUrl(opts.key);
+    var date = opts.date || new Date();
+    var amzDate = _formatAmzDate(date);
+    var dateStamp = _formatDateStamp(date);
+    var credentialScope = dateStamp + "/" + config.region + "/" + SERVICE + "/aws4_request";
+
+    // Build the headers we want to sign. host is always signed; if the
+    // caller supplies opts.contentType the value is bound into the
+    // signature so the client MUST send Content-Type matching exactly,
+    // otherwise S3 rejects with SignatureDoesNotMatch — turning the
+    // hint into real server-side enforcement.
+    var headers = { host: url.host };
+    if (opts.contentType) headers["content-type"] = opts.contentType;
+    // SigV4 SignedHeaders: lowercase, semicolon-joined, AWS-spec order.
+    var signedHeaderKeys = [];
+    for (var hk in headers) signedHeaderKeys.push(hk);
+    signedHeaderKeys.sort();
+    var signedHeadersStr = signedHeaderKeys.join(";");
+
+    // Query-string SigV4: presigning carries auth in the URL itself.
+    // The set order doesn't matter — canonicalQueryString sorts the
+    // params before hashing.
+    url.searchParams.set("X-Amz-Algorithm", ALGORITHM);
+    url.searchParams.set("X-Amz-Credential", config.accessKeyId + "/" + credentialScope);
+    url.searchParams.set("X-Amz-Date", amzDate);
+    url.searchParams.set("X-Amz-Expires", String(expiresIn));
+    url.searchParams.set("X-Amz-SignedHeaders", signedHeadersStr);
+    if (config.sessionToken) {
+      url.searchParams.set("X-Amz-Security-Token", config.sessionToken);
+    }
+
+    // Payload hash for query-string presigning is the literal string
+    // "UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD" — the body is not part of the signature.
+    var canon = canonicalRequest(method, url, headers, "UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD");
+    var sts = stringToSign(amzDate, credentialScope, canon);
+    var signingKey = deriveSigningKey(config.secretAccessKey, dateStamp, config.region, SERVICE);
+    var signature = nodeCrypto.createHmac("sha256", signingKey).update(sts).digest("hex");
+
+    url.searchParams.set("X-Amz-Signature", signature);
+
+    var clientHeaders = {};
+    if (opts.contentType) clientHeaders["Content-Type"] = opts.contentType;
+
+    return {
+      url:       url.toString(),
+      method:    method,
+      headers:   clientHeaders,
+      expiresAt: date.getTime() + C.TIME.seconds(expiresIn),
+    };
+  }
+
+  function presignedUploadUrl(opts)   { return _presign("PUT", opts); }
+  function presignedDownloadUrl(opts) { return _presign("GET", opts); }
+
+  // POST-form policy presigning (S3-compatible). Unlike query-string
+  // PUT presigning, this lets the operator enforce body-size at the
+  // upload endpoint via the `content-length-range` policy condition.
+  // Clients upload via multipart/form-data POST to the returned URL,
+  // attaching every key in `fields` plus the file as the last field.
+  //
+  // Reference: AWS S3 "Browser-Based Uploads Using POST".
+  function presignedUploadPolicy(opts) {
+    opts = opts || {};
+    if (!opts.key || typeof opts.key !== "string") {
+      throw _err("INVALID_KEY", "presignedUploadPolicy: key is required", true);
+    }
+    if (opts.key.indexOf("\0") !== -1) {
+      throw _err("INVALID_KEY", "null byte in key", true);
+    }
+    if (typeof opts.maxBytes !== "number" || !Number.isFinite(opts.maxBytes) ||
+        opts.maxBytes <= 0) {
+      throw _err("INVALID_MAX_BYTES",
+        "presignedUploadPolicy: maxBytes (positive number of bytes) is required — " +
+        "POST-form policy enforces body size via the content-length-range condition; " +
+        "use presignedUploadUrl if size enforcement is not needed", true);
+    }
+    if (opts.minBytes !== undefined && !nb.isNonNegativeFiniteInt(opts.minBytes)) {
+      throw _err("INVALID_MIN_BYTES",
+        "presignedUploadPolicy: minBytes must be a non-negative finite integer; got " +
+        nb.shape(opts.minBytes), true);
+    }
+    var minBytes = opts.minBytes !== undefined ? opts.minBytes : 0;
+    var expiresIn = opts.expiresIn != null ? opts.expiresIn : PRESIGN_DEFAULT_EXPIRES_SECONDS;
+    if (typeof expiresIn !== "number" ||
+        expiresIn < PRESIGN_MIN_EXPIRES_SECONDS ||
+        expiresIn > PRESIGN_MAX_EXPIRES_SECONDS) {
+      throw _err("INVALID_EXPIRES",
+        "presignedUploadPolicy: expiresIn must be a number of seconds between " +
+        PRESIGN_MIN_EXPIRES_SECONDS + " and " + PRESIGN_MAX_EXPIRES_SECONDS +
+        " (7 days, SigV4 hard cap)", true);
+    }
+
+    var date = opts.date || new Date();
+    var amzDate = _formatAmzDate(date);
+    var dateStamp = _formatDateStamp(date);
+    var credentialScope = dateStamp + "/" + config.region + "/" + SERVICE + "/aws4_request";
+    var credential = config.accessKeyId + "/" + credentialScope;
+    var expirationIso = new Date(date.getTime() + C.TIME.seconds(expiresIn)).toISOString();
+
+    // Policy conditions. Each entry must MATCH a corresponding form
+    // field exactly OR be a structural constraint (content-length-range
+    // / starts-with). Order doesn't matter — S3 evaluates the set.
+    var conditions = [
+      { "bucket":           config.bucket },
+      { "key":              opts.key },
+      { "x-amz-algorithm":  ALGORITHM },
+      { "x-amz-credential": credential },
+      { "x-amz-date":       amzDate },
+      ["content-length-range", minBytes, opts.maxBytes],
+    ];
+    if (config.sessionToken) {
+      conditions.push({ "x-amz-security-token": config.sessionToken });
+    }
+    if (opts.contentType) {
+      conditions.push({ "content-type": opts.contentType });
+    }
+
+    var policy = { expiration: expirationIso, conditions: conditions };
+    var policyJson = JSON.stringify(policy);
+    var policyB64 = Buffer.from(policyJson, "utf8").toString("base64");
+
+    var signingKey = deriveSigningKey(config.secretAccessKey, dateStamp, config.region, SERVICE);
+    var signature = nodeCrypto.createHmac("sha256", signingKey).update(policyB64).digest("hex");
+
+    var fields = {
+      "key":              opts.key,
+      "x-amz-algorithm":  ALGORITHM,
+      "x-amz-credential": credential,
+      "x-amz-date":       amzDate,
+      "policy":           policyB64,
+      "x-amz-signature":  signature,
+    };
+    if (config.sessionToken) fields["x-amz-security-token"] = config.sessionToken;
+    if (opts.contentType)    fields["content-type"]         = opts.contentType;
+
+    // The bucket-root URL — no key in the path, key is a form field.
+    var url = _bucketUrl();
+
+    return {
+      url:           url.toString(),
+      method:        "POST",
+      fields:        fields,
+      expiresAt:     date.getTime() + C.TIME.seconds(expiresIn),
+      maxBytes:      opts.maxBytes,
+      enforcement:   "content-length-range",  // S3-side enforced
+    };
+  }
+
+  function list(prefix, opts) {
+    opts = opts || {};
+    var params = { "list-type": "2" };
+    if (prefix) params["prefix"] = prefix;
+    if (opts.maxResults) params["max-keys"] = String(opts.maxResults);
+    if (opts.continuationToken) params["continuation-token"] = opts.continuationToken;
+
+    var url = _bucketUrl(params);
+    var headers = _makeSigned("GET", url, sha256Hex(Buffer.alloc(0)));
+    return _request("GET", url, headers, null, reqOpts).then(function (res) {
+      var doc = safeXml.parse(res.body, LIST_PARSE_OPTS);
+      var result = doc.ListBucketResult || {};
+      var contents = _arrayify(result.Contents);
+      var items = contents.map(function (c) {
+        return {
+          key:          c.Key,
+          size:         c.Size != null ? parseInt(c.Size, 10) : null,
+          lastModified: c.LastModified ? Date.parse(c.LastModified) : null,
+        };
+      }).filter(function (it) { return it.key; });
+      return {
+        items:             items,
+        truncated:         result.IsTruncated === "true",
+        continuationToken: result.NextContinuationToken || null,
+      };
+    });
+  }
+
+  return {
+    protocol:  "sigv4",
+    endpoint:  endpoint,
+    bucket:    config.bucket,
+    region:    config.region,
+    pathStyle: pathStyle,
+    put:       put,
+    get:       get,
+    getStream: getStream,
+    getResponse: getResponse,
+    head:      head,
+    delete:    deleteKey,
+    list:      list,
+    presignedUploadUrl:    presignedUploadUrl,
+    presignedDownloadUrl:  presignedDownloadUrl,
+    presignedUploadPolicy: presignedUploadPolicy,
+  };
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  create:               create,
+  signRequest:          signRequest,
+  canonicalRequest:     canonicalRequest,
+  stringToSign:         stringToSign,
+  deriveSigningKey:     deriveSigningKey,
+  canonicalQueryString: canonicalQueryString,
+  canonicalHeaders:     canonicalHeaders,
+  awsUriEncode:         awsUriEncode,
+  sha256Hex:            sha256Hex,
+  formatAmzDate:        _formatAmzDate,
+  formatDateStamp:      _formatDateStamp,
+  SERVICE:              SERVICE,
+  ALGORITHM:            ALGORITHM,
+};