@bitefoundry/retrieviewer 0.0.0-stage → 0.0.1

package/vendor/procedural-animals/src/core/render/coatMaterial.js

@@ -0,0 +1,1301 @@
+// Coverings: fur, bare skin, leather, keratin, scales, wet skin, chitin, feathers and fin membranes
+// (material 11: translucent, rays; drawn as a separate transparent pass, see membranes.js), all lit by the
+// scene's own three.js lights (directional + shadows, point + shadows, spot + shadows, hemisphere,
+// ambient, light probes), fog and tone mapping.
+//
+// Three passes share one shading model:
+//  - base: the opaque, dual-quaternion skinned surface. Every material id (tint.w) gets its own
+//    surface detail here (pebbled leather, pores, growth striations, overlapping scales, granular
+//    wet skin, chitin segments, feather shingles with rachis and barbs). Without shells (crowd tier,
+//    coverings hidden) fur still reads as fur on the base: hair-flow streaks and anisotropic sheen.
+//  - shells: ONE instanced draw; gl_InstanceID = shell index. Strands are hashed from bind-space
+//    position (so they stick to the skin under any pose) and grouped into clumps: going up the
+//    shells, strands converge toward their clump centre, so the top of the coat breaks into tufts
+//    with dark gaps between them. Clumps vary in length, shade and lean, and a clump either belongs
+//    to a spot or not, which rags the spot edges. Shells draw wherever furLen > 0 on fur (0), bare
+//    skin (4: sparse bristles) and feathers (9: a soft down fringe).
+//  - fins: one camera-facing strand card per skin vertex, shown only near the silhouette, so the
+//    outline is made of individual hairs instead of a smooth edge.
+// Depth: the shells write depth (drawn inner layer to outer), so a coat hides what lies behind it however
+// the draws are ordered: the far legs behind a belly fringe, another part's fins (drawn after the shells,
+// they used to draw the outlines of every part behind the coat across it). Between the strands each
+// layer carries an undercoat (render hint undercoat: the hair the strand grid does not resolve), an
+// optical depth taken along the line of sight and spread over the shell count, so the coat is as
+// opaque at every tier and where one looks along it, shaded like the deep coat it stands in for.
+//
+// Hair lighting per light: wrapped diffuse + two-lobe Kajiya-Kay (R / TRT) + back-scatter through
+// thin fur, depth-in-fur and between-tuft occlusion. Surfaces use wrapped / subsurface diffuse,
+// normalised Blinn-Phong, an optional clear coat and anisotropic lobes. Units follow
+// MeshStandardMaterial: a light of intensity I lights a covering of albedo a like a standard
+// material of colour a (radiance = a * E / PI), so animals sit correctly next to your scenery.
+//
+// Every animal owns its uniforms (three.js shares the compiled programs). Species render hints,
+// `species.render = { markColor, strandDensity, clumpDensity, shellScale, finWidth }`:
+//   markColor      linear rgb of crisp marks (tear lines, eye rims, lips)   default cheetah black
+//   strandDensity  strands per metre (planar hash grid)                     default 620
+//   clumpDensity   multiplier on tuft density                               default 1
+//   shellScale     multiplier on hair length for shells and fins            default 1
+//   finWidth       silhouette card width as a fraction of hair length       default 0.5
+//   fins           false: no silhouette fins (very long coats: bear)       default true
+//   finMask        true: on fur (material 0) the coat's surf.y (unused by fur) thins the silhouette fins,
+//                  0 = full fins .. 1 = none (the cat's head: the head's silhouette ring of fins stood
+//                  in front of the neck fur as a hood round the face)              default false
+//   finMinLen      hair length (m) below which no silhouette fins are drawn  default 0.0058 (a species with a
+//                  short face coat and a long mane raises it: fins on the mane only)
+//   strandBlend    0: the shells' strands are hashed on one axis plane picked by the rest normal's largest
+//                  component (default); > 0: near a switch of that axis the second plane's strands are
+//                  cross-faded in over this band of normal components (e.g. 0.12), so no seam line shows where
+//                  the plane switches (a short-coated broad face tilted ~45 deg: a lion's forehead drew a
+//                  rectangle); costs a second strand evaluation per shell fragment
+//   scaleEdge      contrast of the scale rims, overlap shadows and relief (material 6) default 1 (fish 0.15)
+//   featherEdge    contrast of the contour-feather shingles (material 9)     default 1 (pale birds ~0.5)
+//   denticles      0..1: material 6 is shark skin instead of overlapping scales: dermal denticles ridged
+//                  along the comb (surf.y = denticle size), a matte fine grain streaked along the body, a
+//                  soft broad anisotropic sheen across the ridges, no clear coat                default 0
+//   raiseLen       [from, full] hair length (m) over which piloerection (state.furRaise) lifts the hair
+//                  default [0.025, 0.05] (wolf hackles); short-coated animals lower it (cat [0.006, 0.014])
+//   leatherTint    0..1: nose leather (material 1) takes its colour from the tint (pink or brick noses and
+//                  pads as leather, cat); default 0: the dark leather of every other species
+//   leatherRelief  0..1: depth of the leather's pebbling (crease darkening, cobble shade, bump); default 1.
+//                  A small nose in daylight (the cat's) read speckled at full relief
+//   skinScatter    bare skin (material 4): [r, g, b, wrap], the tint of the light wrapped past the terminator
+//                  (subsurface) and how far it wraps                       default [0.85, 0.35, 0.25, 0.55]
+//   skinTrans      bare skin: [base, perVertex], light through the skin lit from behind = base + perVertex x
+//                  surf.y (per vertex, unused otherwise by skin: thin ears and tails glow, a thick body
+//                  does not)                                               default [0.5, 0]
+//   noseRoughness  roughness of the nose leather (material 1)                default 0.42
+//   noseMarks      1: marks (coat mark < 0) are drawn on the nose leather too, as openings (the nostrils:
+//                  mark colour, no sheen from inside); default 0 (the leather hides marks)
+//   noseTint       1: the nose leather takes its albedo from the coat's per-vertex colour (pale rims, a
+//                  septum painted by the species) instead of the fixed dark grey; default 0. The same
+//                  blend as leatherTint 1 (both read the per-vertex tint): the larger of the two applies
+//   clumpLen       [from, full] hair length (m) over which the tufts form (clumping strength 0 -> 1)
+//                  default [0.0055, 0.016]; a long coat with a sleek face raises it, so 1-3 cm facial and
+//                  ear hair lies smooth instead of curling into round tufts (bear [0.012, 0.045])
+//   shellShadowRoot 0..1: where the shells look up cast shadows, from each layer's own position (0) to the hair's
+//                  root (1). At 0 every layer of a long coat crosses a cast shadow's edge at its own place, and seen
+//                  at a grazing angle the stack shows as torn dark sheets (bear: the neck's 5-10 cm hair in the
+//                  head's shadow behind the jaw); at 1 a strand is lit or shadowed as one.     default 0
+//   undercoat      optical depth per unit of coat height of the hair between the strands, at the roots (fading
+//                  to none at 0.9 of the hair's height): 0 = strands only (what lay under a long coat showed between
+//                  them: a leg under a fringe, a folded wing in down)                         default 3
+//   shellDepthBias [k, from]: a long coat's shells are depth-tested k x (hair length - from) closer to the camera
+//                  than they are (a strand's every layer, constant along the strand). The shells slide along the comb
+//                  as they rise (up to 0.85 x the hair length), so where the skin creases (a sheep's throat when the
+//                  head drops to graze or turns aside) the layers of one side dive under the skin of the other and the
+//                  crease shows as a jagged bald line; the bias keeps them in front of a fold that shallow. Shorter hair
+//                  than `from` is untouched (face, lids).                                     default [0, 0] (off)
+// Nose leather (material 1) takes its roughness from -surf.y when surf.y < 0 (a matte nose or paw pad:
+// bear nose -0.62, paw pads -0.75); otherwise from the render hint noseRoughness (satin 0.42 by default).
+//   matBorders     true: a material border runs through the middle of the edges between the two
+//                  materials (interpolated one-hot weights) instead of rounding the interpolated id,
+//                  which shades a strip of nose / dark skin / mouth (ids 1-3) between fur (0) and bare
+//                  skin (4) or keratin (5): black-and-red rims round pink noses, udders and hooves.
+//                  default false (the rounding); one more varying (vec4)
+//   flatMaterial   true: each triangle takes one material (its provoking vertex's) instead of rounding
+//                  the interpolated material id; default false. The id is a smooth varying, so a
+//                  triangle from fur (0) to bare skin (4), keratin (5) or wet skin (7) passes through
+//                  thin bands of the ids in between, whose albedos are fixed (nose 1 dark, lids 2 black,
+//                  mouth 3 red): a dark / red rim along every bare-skin border (a cow's pink muzzle,
+//                  udder, lid rims, coronets). Species whose bare skin meets fur opt in.
+//                  matBorders (goat) answers the same bands by splitting each triangle through its edge
+//                  middles instead; a species picks one (with both set, flatMaterial applies)
+import * as THREE from 'three';
+import { DQS_GLSL, DQS_ATTR_GLSL } from './dqs.js';
+
+export const RENDER_DEFAULTS = {
+  markColor: [0.016, 0.0105, 0.0075],
+  strandDensity: 620,
+  clumpDensity: 1,
+  shellScale: 1,
+  finWidth: 0.5,
+  finMinLen: 0.0058,
+  strandBlend: 0,
+  scaleEdge: 1,
+  featherEdge: 1,
+  denticles: 0,
+  raiseLen: [0.025, 0.05],
+  leatherTint: 0,
+  leatherRelief: 1,
+  skinScatter: [0.85, 0.35, 0.25, 0.55],
+  skinTrans: [0.5, 0],
+  noseRoughness: 0.42,
+  noseMarks: 0,
+  noseTint: 0,
+  clumpLen: [0.0055, 0.016],
+  shellShadowRoot: 0,
+  shellDepthBias: [0, 0],
+  undercoat: 3,
+  flatMaterial: false,
+};
+
+export const MAX_PAINTED_EYES = 8;
+
+const common = /* glsl */ `
+uniform float uShells;
+uniform float uShellsOn;
+uniform float uFinFade; // fins: opacity of the whole fin pass (tier transitions, animalObject setQuality)
+uniform float uUnder; // shells: the undercoat's optical depth per unit coat height at the roots (render hint undercoat)
+uniform float uFurScale;
+uniform vec3 uFurForce;
+uniform float uFurRaise;
+uniform vec2 uRaiseLen; // hair lengths over which piloerection sets in (render hint raiseLen)
+uniform vec2 uClumpLen; // hair lengths over which the tufts form (render hint clumpLen)
+uniform float uTime;
+uniform float uStrandDensity;
+uniform float uClumpDensity;
+uniform float uFinWidth;
+uniform float uFinMask;
+uniform float uFinMinLen;
+uniform float uStrandBlend;
+uniform float uWind;
+uniform float uDebug;
+uniform float uForceMat;
+uniform float uFlatMat; // render hint flatMaterial: the material id from the provoking vertex (vMatF)
+uniform vec3 uMarkColor;
+uniform float uNoseRough; // render hint noseRoughness
+uniform float uNoseMarks; // render hint noseMarks
+uniform float uNoseTint; // render hint noseTint
+uniform float uFill;
+uniform float uScaleEdge;
+uniform float uFeatherEdge;
+uniform float uLeatherTint;
+uniform float uLeatherRelief;
+uniform vec4 uSkinScatter; // bare skin: subsurface tint (rgb) and wrap (render hint skinScatter)
+uniform vec2 uSkinTrans; // bare skin: transmission = x + y * surf.y (render hint skinTrans)
+uniform float uDenticle;
+uniform float uPaintEyes;
+// environment light (setEnvironmentLight): the scene environment's diffuse irradiance as 9 world-space
+// SH coefficients (three.js SphericalHarmonics3 / LightProbe convention), scaled; uEnvOn 0 = none (default)
+uniform vec3 uEnvSH[9];
+uniform float uEnvOn;
+uniform vec3 uBaseTone; // fur albedo gain of the base when it is seen without shells (crowd tier)
+uniform float uShellShadowRoot; // shells: cast shadows looked up toward the hair's root (render hint shellShadowRoot)
+uniform vec2 uShellBias; // shells: depth pulled toward the camera by x * (hair length - y) (render hint shellDepthBias)
+uniform vec2 uSeam; // cross-fade seam skirt (build/seams.js): x = sink depth (m), y = fade where the base stops
+uniform vec4 uEyes[${MAX_PAINTED_EYES}];
+uniform vec3 uEyeTint[${MAX_PAINTED_EYES}];
+varying vec3 vRest;
+varying vec3 vRestN;
+varying vec3 vRestC;
+varying vec3 vWorldPos;
+varying vec3 vN;
+varying vec3 vT;
+varying vec4 vTint;
+flat varying float vMatF;
+varying vec4 vCoat;
+varying vec4 vPat;
+varying vec4 vSurf;
+varying vec4 vFin; // x across 0..1 (fins), y up 0..1 (fins), z silhouette visibility, w = height in coat
+#ifdef PA_DEBUG
+varying vec3 vDbg;
+#endif
+// which material ids grow hair in the shells / fins: fur, bare skin (bristles), chitin (setae), feathers (down)
+bool hairy(float m) { return m < 0.5 || abs(m - 4.0) < 0.5 || abs(m - 8.0) < 0.5 || abs(m - 9.0) < 0.5; }
+float matId(float a) { return uForceMat >= 0.0 ? uForceMat : floor(a + 0.5); }
+#ifdef PA_MAT_BORDERS
+// (render hint matBorders) the material of a fragment is the one whose interpolated one-hot weight is the
+// largest (ids 0..3 in vMatW; the rest, ids >= 4, recovered from the interpolated id), so the border
+// between two materials runs through the middle of the edges between them. Rounding the interpolated
+// id shaded a strip of every id in between: nose, dark skin and mouth (1..3) round a pink nose, an
+// udder or a hoof (fur 0 next to skin 4 / keratin 5).
+varying vec4 vMatW;
+vec4 matOneHot(float a) { return vec4(equal(vec4(floor(a + 0.5)), vec4(0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0))); }
+float matIdFrag(float a) {
+  if (uForceMat >= 0.0) return uForceMat;
+  vec4 w = vMatW;
+  float r = 1.0 - (w.x + w.y + w.z + w.w), best = w.x, id = 0.0;
+  if (w.y > best) { best = w.y; id = 1.0; }
+  if (w.z > best) { best = w.z; id = 2.0; }
+  if (w.w > best) { best = w.w; id = 3.0; }
+  if (r > best) id = floor((a - (w.y + 2.0 * w.z + 3.0 * w.w)) / max(r, 1e-4) + 0.5);
+  return id;
+}
+#else
+float matIdFrag(float a) { return matId(a); }
+#endif
+`;
+
+// how a hair rises from the skin: lifted along the normal, laid down along the comb, bent by force
+const hairProfile = /* glsl */ `
+const float LIFT = 0.5;
+const float SLIDE = 0.85;
+float hash31(vec3 p) { p = fract(p * 0.1031); p += dot(p, p.yzx + 33.33); return fract((p.x + p.y) * p.z); }
+vec3 furForce(vec3 rest, vec3 sN) {
+  float ph = hash31(floor(rest * 60.0)) * 6.2831;
+  vec3 flutter = vec3(sin(uTime * 7.0 + ph), 0.0, cos(uTime * 5.3 + ph * 1.3)) * uWind * 0.25;
+  vec3 force = uFurForce + flutter;
+  if (any(isnan(force)) || any(isinf(force))) force = vec3(0.0, -0.2, 0.0);
+  // remove the part of the force that would push the hair into the skin
+  force -= sN * min(0.0, dot(force, sN)) * 0.9;
+  return force;
+}
+// piloerection (hackles): long hair stands up off the skin
+float hairRaise(float L) { return uFurRaise * smoothstep(uRaiseLen.x, uRaiseLen.y, L / max(uFurScale, 1e-3)); }
+vec3 hairOffset(vec3 sN, vec3 sC, vec3 force, float L, float h) {
+  float r = hairRaise(L);
+  return sN * (L * (LIFT + 0.45 * r) * h) + sC * (L * SLIDE * (1.0 - 0.55 * r) * (h * h * 0.6 + h * 0.4)) + force * (L * h * h * (1.0 - 0.6 * r));
+}
+vec3 hairDir(vec3 sN, vec3 sC, vec3 force, float L, float h) {
+  float r = hairRaise(L);
+  return normalize(sN * (LIFT + 0.45 * r) + sC * SLIDE * (1.0 - 0.55 * r) * (0.4 + 1.2 * h) + force * (2.0 * h * (1.0 - 0.6 * r)));
+}
+void debugColour(vec4 si, vec4 sw) {
+#ifdef PA_DEBUG
+  vec3 bc0 = fract(vec3(0.13, 0.37, 0.71) * si.x * 7.31 + vec3(0.1, 0.5, 0.3));
+  vec3 bc1 = fract(vec3(0.13, 0.37, 0.71) * si.y * 7.31 + vec3(0.1, 0.5, 0.3));
+  vec3 bc2 = fract(vec3(0.13, 0.37, 0.71) * si.z * 7.31 + vec3(0.1, 0.5, 0.3));
+  vec3 bc3 = fract(vec3(0.13, 0.37, 0.71) * si.w * 7.31 + vec3(0.1, 0.5, 0.3));
+  vDbg = bc0 * sw.x + bc1 * sw.y + bc2 * sw.z + bc3 * sw.w;
+#endif
+}
+`;
+
+const vertex = /* glsl */ `
+#include <common>
+#include <shadowmap_pars_vertex>
+#include <fog_pars_vertex>
+${common}
+${DQS_GLSL}
+${DQS_ATTR_GLSL}
+attribute vec3 aComb;
+attribute vec4 aTint;
+attribute vec4 aCoat;
+attribute vec4 aPat;
+attribute vec4 aSurf;
+${hairProfile}
+
+void main() {
+  vec3 sP = position, sN = normal, sC = aComb;
+  dqsSkin(sP, sN, sC);
+  sP = (modelMatrix * vec4(sP, 1.0)).xyz;
+  sN = normalize(mat3(modelMatrix) * sN);
+  sC = mat3(modelMatrix) * sC;
+  sC = normalize(sC - sN * dot(sC, sN) + 1e-6);
+#ifndef FUR_SHELL
+  // seams (build/seams.js): two overlapping surfaces hand over at fade 0.5 but do not coincide there.
+  // Past the midline the base does not stop at a step one could look through: it sinks along its
+  // normal under the surface taking over (which wins the depth test), down to fade uSeam.y.
+  // (quadratic: tangent to the skin at the midline, so coarse triangles across the band do not fold)
+  float seamT = clamp((0.5 - aCoat.w) / max(0.5 - uSeam.y, 1e-3), 0.0, 1.0);
+  sP -= sN * (uSeam.x * seamT * seamT);
+#endif
+
+  float h = 0.0;
+  vec3 wp = sP;
+  vec3 strand = sC;
+#ifdef FUR_SHELL
+  float L = aCoat.z * uFurScale;
+  vec3 force = furForce(position, sN);
+  h = (float(gl_InstanceID) + 1.0) / uShells;
+  // (a fractional shell count during a tier transition: the topmost partial layer lies at the tips and
+  // fades in by the fraction)
+  float layerFade = clamp(1.0 - (h - 1.0) * uShells, 0.0, 1.0);
+  h = min(h, 1.0);
+  wp = sP + hairOffset(sN, sC, force, L, h);
+  strand = hairDir(sN, sC, force, L, h);
+#endif
+  debugColour(skinIndex, skinWeight);
+  vRest = position;
+  vRestN = normal;
+  vRestC = aComb;
+  vWorldPos = wp;
+  vN = sN;
+  vT = strand;
+  vTint = aTint;
+#ifdef PA_MAT_BORDERS
+  vMatW = matOneHot(aTint.a);
+#endif
+  vMatF = aTint.a;
+  vCoat = aCoat;
+  vPat = aPat;
+  vSurf = aSurf;
+  vFin = vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, h);
+#ifdef FUR_SHELL
+  vFin.z = layerFade;
+#endif
+
+  vec4 worldPosition = vec4(wp, 1.0);
+  vec4 mvPosition = viewMatrix * worldPosition;
+  gl_Position = projectionMatrix * mvPosition;
+#ifdef FUR_SHELL
+  // (render hint shellDepthBias: the layer's depth taken from a point that much nearer the camera, so a layer that
+  // slid into a crease of its own skin still shows; its place on screen is unchanged)
+  float depthBias = uShellBias.x * max(0.0, L - uShellBias.y);
+  if (depthBias > 0.0) {
+    vec4 q = projectionMatrix * viewMatrix * vec4(wp + normalize(cameraPosition - wp) * depthBias, 1.0);
+    gl_Position.z = q.z / q.w * gl_Position.w;
+  }
+#endif
+  vec3 transformedNormal = (viewMatrix * vec4(sN, 0.0)).xyz;
+#ifdef FUR_SHELL
+  // (render hint shellShadowRoot: the cast shadow of a layer taken toward its strand's root, 4 mm off the skin)
+  if (uShellShadowRoot > 0.0) worldPosition = vec4(mix(wp, sP + sN * 0.004, uShellShadowRoot), 1.0);
+#endif
+  #include <shadowmap_vertex>
+  #include <fog_vertex>
+}
+`;
+
+// Fins: the template quad (position.x in [-0.5, 0.5] across, position.y in [0, 1] up) is instanced
+// once per skin vertex; all per-vertex data arrives as instanced attributes.
+const finVertex = /* glsl */ `
+#include <common>
+#include <shadowmap_pars_vertex>
+#include <fog_pars_vertex>
+${common}
+${DQS_GLSL}
+attribute vec3 iPos;
+attribute vec3 iNrm;
+attribute vec3 iComb;
+attribute vec4 iTint;
+attribute vec4 iCoat;
+attribute vec4 iPat;
+attribute vec4 iSurf;
+attribute vec4 iSkinIndex;
+attribute vec4 iSkinWeight;
+${hairProfile}
+
+void main() {
+  vec3 sP = iPos, sN = iNrm, sC = iComb;
+  dqsSkinW(sP, sN, sC, iSkinIndex, iSkinWeight);
+  sP = (modelMatrix * vec4(sP, 1.0)).xyz;
+  sN = normalize(mat3(modelMatrix) * sN);
+  sC = mat3(modelMatrix) * sC;
+  sC = normalize(sC - sN * dot(sC, sN) + 1e-6);
+  float L = iCoat.z * uFurScale;
+  vec3 V = normalize(cameraPosition - sP);
+  float ndv = dot(sN, V);
+  // only near the silhouette; everything else is collapsed before rasterisation
+  float vis = 1.0 - smoothstep(0.16, 0.42, abs(ndv));
+  float m = matId(iTint.a);
+  if (uFinMask > 0.5 && m < 0.5) vis *= clamp(1.0 - iSurf.y, 0.0, 1.0);
+  // (no fins on the short sleek face fur: they would blur the tear lines and eye rims)
+  if (vis < 0.01 || L < uFinMinLen || !hairy(m) || iCoat.w < 0.05) {
+    gl_Position = vec4(0.0, 0.0, -2.0, 1.0);
+    vFin = vec4(0.0);
+    return;
+  }
+  vec3 force = furForce(iPos, sN);
+  float y = position.y;
+  vec3 tipDir = hairDir(sN, sC, force, L, 1.0);
+  vec3 side = cross(tipDir, V);
+  side = dot(side, side) > 1e-8 ? normalize(side) : normalize(cross(sN, V) + 1e-4);
+  float w = clamp(L * uFinWidth, 0.0028, 0.012) * (abs(m - 4.0) < 0.5 ? 0.45 : 1.0);
+  // hairs on the silhouette stand a little prouder than the lying coat
+  vec3 wp = sP + hairOffset(sN, sC, force, L * 1.08, y) + sN * (L * 0.08 * y) + side * (position.x * w);
+  debugColour(iSkinIndex, iSkinWeight);
+  vRest = iPos;
+  vRestN = iNrm;
+  vRestC = iComb;
+  vWorldPos = wp;
+  vN = sN;
+  vT = hairDir(sN, sC, force, L, y);
+  vTint = iTint;
+#ifdef PA_MAT_BORDERS
+  vMatW = matOneHot(iTint.a);
+#endif
+  vMatF = iTint.a;
+  vCoat = iCoat;
+  vPat = iPat;
+  vSurf = iSurf;
+  vFin = vec4(position.x + 0.5, y, vis, y);
+
+  vec4 worldPosition = vec4(wp, 1.0);
+  vec4 mvPosition = viewMatrix * worldPosition;
+  gl_Position = projectionMatrix * mvPosition;
+  // (the shells write depth, so a coat in front hides what lies behind it, fins included; a fin is
+  // depth-tested from a point 0.6 hair lengths nearer the camera (the coat it stands in rises 0.5), so its
+  // own coat does not hide it, while a part in front of it (a leg, a belly fringe) still does, and so does
+  // the skin of a limb as thick as its hair: a tarantula's leg seen end-on hid the cards round its far side)
+  vec4 qF = projectionMatrix * viewMatrix * vec4(wp + V * (L * 0.6), 1.0);
+  gl_Position.z = qF.z / qF.w * gl_Position.w;
+  vec3 transformedNormal = (viewMatrix * vec4(sN, 0.0)).xyz;
+  #include <shadowmap_vertex>
+  #include <fog_vertex>
+}
+`;
+
+const fragment = /* glsl */ `
+#include <common>
+#include <packing>
+#include <lights_pars_begin>
+#include <shadowmap_pars_fragment>
+#include <fog_pars_fragment>
+${common}
+
+float hash12(vec2 p) { vec3 p3 = fract(vec3(p.xyx) * 0.1031); p3 += dot(p3, p3.yzx + 33.33); return fract((p3.x + p3.y) * p3.z); }
+vec2 hash22(vec2 p) { vec3 p3 = fract(vec3(p.xyx) * vec3(0.1031, 0.1030, 0.0973)); p3 += dot(p3, p3.yzx + 33.33); return fract((p3.xx + p3.yz) * p3.zy); }
+float hash13(vec3 p) { p = fract(p * 0.1031); p += dot(p, p.zyx + 31.32); return fract((p.x + p.y) * p.z); }
+vec3 hash33(vec3 p) { p = fract(p * vec3(0.1031, 0.1030, 0.0973)); p += dot(p, p.yxz + 33.33); return fract((p.xxy + p.yxx) * p.zyx); }
+float vnoise(vec3 p) {
+  vec3 i = floor(p), f = fract(p); f = f * f * (3.0 - 2.0 * f);
+  return mix(mix(mix(hash13(i), hash13(i + vec3(1, 0, 0)), f.x), mix(hash13(i + vec3(0, 1, 0)), hash13(i + vec3(1, 1, 0)), f.x), f.y),
+             mix(mix(hash13(i + vec3(0, 0, 1)), hash13(i + vec3(1, 0, 1)), f.x), mix(hash13(i + vec3(0, 1, 1)), hash13(i + vec3(1, 1, 1)), f.x), f.y), f.z);
+}
+#ifdef FUR_SHELL
+// strands and clumps of one planar projection (uv on the axis plane axisId): the coverage at shell height h
+// (strand x clump footprint, before the coat's fade), and the strand / clump randoms for the shading
+float strandLayer(vec2 uv, float axisId, float h, float furLen, float dens, float cDens, float clumpK, bool bristle,
+                  out float sharp, out float sv, out vec4 ch, out float fromC, out float inClump) {
+  vec2 cq = uv * cDens;
+  vec2 cb = floor(cq) - 1.0;
+  float bd2 = 1e9; vec2 cc = cq; vec2 cId = cb;
+  if (clumpK > 0.001) for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+    vec2 id = cb + vec2(float(i), float(j));
+    vec2 c = id + 0.5 + (hash22(id + axisId * 57.3) - 0.5) * 0.9;
+    vec2 dv = cq - c;
+    float dd = dot(dv, dv);
+    if (dd < bd2) { bd2 = dd; cc = c; cId = id; }
+  }
+  // short sleek fur (face, paws, lower legs) barely clumps; the body coat tufts properly
+  ch = mix(vec4(0.5), vec4(hash22(cId + 11.3 + axisId * 57.3), hash22(cId + 23.9 + axisId * 57.3)), clumpK);
+  float clumpLen = mix(0.6, 1.12, ch.x);
+  // strands converge toward the clump centre as they rise: invert that to find the root seen here
+  float pull = 0.7 * pow(h, 1.35) * clumpK;
+  vec2 rootC = cc + (cq - cc) / max(0.25, 1.0 - pull);
+  fromC = length(rootC - cc);
+  vec2 q = rootC / cDens * dens;
+  vec2 ci = floor(q);
+  vec2 f = fract(q) - 0.5;
+  vec2 cid = ci + axisId * 131.7;
+  vec2 jit = (hash22(cid) - 0.5) * 0.5;
+  sv = hash12(cid + 7.1);
+  float sl = mix(0.55, 1.0, hash12(cid + 3.3)) * clumpLen;
+  float hr = h / sl;
+  float radius = 0.5 * (1.0 - 0.8 * min(hr * hr, 1.0)) * (bristle ? 0.3 : 1.0);
+  float d = length(f - jit);
+  float aa = fwidth(d) * 0.9 + 0.015;
+  sharp = (hr > 1.0) ? 0.0 : smoothstep(radius + aa, radius - aa, d);
+  // expected coverage when strands shrink below a pixel
+  float pLong = clamp((clumpLen - h) / (0.5 * clumpLen), 0.0, 1.0);
+  float expected = pLong * 3.14159 * 0.25 * (1.0 - 0.7 * h * h) * 0.9 * (bristle ? 0.06 : 1.0);
+  float pix = length(fwidth(q));
+  float cov = mix(sharp, expected, smoothstep(0.45, 1.4, pix));
+  // outside the clump's shrinking footprint there is no hair at this height: gaps between tufts
+  float ea = fwidth(fromC) * 0.8 + 0.03;
+  inClump = mix(1.0, smoothstep(0.56 + ea, 0.56 - ea, fromC), clumpK);
+  inClump = mix(inClump, 0.8, smoothstep(0.5, 1.5, fwidth(cq.x) + fwidth(cq.y)));
+  return cov * inClump;
+}
+#endif
+float lum(vec3 c) { return dot(c, vec3(0.2126, 0.7152, 0.0722)); }
+// fades a procedural detail out once it gets smaller than a pixel (no shimmer at a distance)
+float detailFade(float k) { return 1.0 - smoothstep(0.35, 0.9, length(fwidth(vRest)) * k); }
+// noise stretched along a rest-space direction. The along-flow coordinate is measured from anchors
+// snapped to 4 cm cells, so curving flow lines do not shear the pattern; two anchor lattices offset by
+// half a cell are cross-faded so the cell borders do not show.
+float edgeDist(vec3 f) { f = min(f, 1.0 - f); return min(min(f.x, f.y), f.z); }
+float streak(vec3 P, vec3 Tr, float k, float s) {
+  vec3 g = P * 25.0;
+  float ea = edgeDist(fract(g)), eb = edgeDist(fract(g + 0.5));
+  vec3 aA = floor(g) * 0.04, aB = (floor(g + 0.5) - 0.5) * 0.04;
+  float st = k * (1.0 - 1.0 / s);
+  float nA = vnoise(P * k - Tr * (dot(P - aA, Tr) * st));
+  float nB = vnoise(P * k - Tr * (dot(P - aB, Tr) * st) + 17.3);
+  float w = ea * ea / (ea * ea + eb * eb + 1e-6);
+  return (mix(nB, nA, w) - 0.5) / sqrt(w * w + (1.0 - w) * (1.0 - w)) + 0.5;
+}
+
+// Overlapping shingles (scales, contour feathers): jittered cell centres in bind space, each one an
+// ellipse attached at its front and free toward +comb; where several overlap, the most anterior one
+// lies on top. Returns along (-1 front .. 1 free edge), across (-1..1), edge (ellipse radius 0..1),
+// id, and shadow from the free edges of the scales in front.
+struct Shingle { float along; float across; float edge; float id; float shadow; };
+Shingle shingles(vec3 P, vec3 N, vec3 T, vec3 B, float s, float elong, float wid) {
+  Shingle r; r.along = 0.0; r.across = 0.0; r.edge = 1.0; r.id = 0.0; r.shadow = 0.0;
+  vec3 g = P / s; vec3 gi = floor(g);
+  float ords[27]; float es[27];
+  float bestOrd = 1e9;
+  for (int k = 0; k < 27; k++) {
+    vec3 id = gi + vec3(float(k % 3) - 1.0, float((k / 3) % 3) - 1.0, float(k / 9) - 1.0);
+    vec3 c = id + 0.5 + (hash33(id) - 0.5) * 0.75;
+    vec3 d = g - c;
+    es[k] = 9.0; ords[k] = 1e9;
+    if (abs(dot(d, N)) > 0.8) continue;
+    float a = dot(d, T), b = dot(d, B);
+    float al = (a - 0.35) / (0.85 * elong);
+    float e = length(vec2(al, b / wid));
+    float ord = dot(c, T) + (hash13(id + 3.1) - 0.5) * 0.4;
+    es[k] = e; ords[k] = ord;
+    if (e < 1.0 && ord < bestOrd) { bestOrd = ord; r.along = al; r.across = b / wid; r.edge = e; r.id = hash13(id + 7.7); }
+  }
+  for (int k = 0; k < 27; k++) if (ords[k] < bestOrd - 1e-4) r.shadow = max(r.shadow, smoothstep(1.45, 1.0, es[k]));
+  if (bestOrd > 1e8) { r.edge = 1.0; r.shadow = 1.0; }
+  return r;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------- light accumulation
+vec3 gN, gNc, gT, gV, gAlb, gF0, gSSS, gAT, gDirect;
+float gMemA = 1.0; // fin membrane opacity (material 11)
+float gH, gOccl, gSv, gHair, gRough, gWrap, gCoat, gAniso, gEdge, gLit, gLitW, gTrans;
+vec3 toWorld(vec3 dirView) { return normalize((vec4(dirView, 0.0) * viewMatrix).xyz); }
+vec3 fresnel(vec3 f0, float c) { return f0 + (1.0 - f0) * pow(1.0 - clamp(c, 0.0, 1.0), 5.0); }
+
+void shadeLight(vec3 L, vec3 C, float sh) {
+  C *= RECIPROCAL_PI;
+  float NdL = dot(gN, L);
+  vec3 H = normalize(L + gV);
+  float NdH = dot(gN, H);
+  float wrap = clamp((NdL + 0.4) / 1.4, 0.0, 1.0);
+  float w = lum(C);
+  gLitW += w; gLit += w * wrap * sh;
+  if (gHair > 0.5) {
+    float TdL = dot(gT, L);
+    float kk = sqrt(max(0.0, 1.0 - TdL * TdL));
+    float diff = wrap * mix(1.0, 0.55 + 0.45 * kk, 0.6);
+    // fur self shadowing: deep layers only lit when facing the light
+    float selfSh = mix(smoothstep(-0.25, 0.55, NdL), 1.0, gH * 0.85 + 0.15);
+    float shift = (gSv - 0.5) * 0.25;
+    vec3 T1 = normalize(gT + gN * (-0.08 + shift));
+    vec3 T2 = normalize(gT + gN * (0.14 + shift));
+    float t1 = dot(T1, H), t2 = dot(T2, H);
+    float s1 = pow(sqrt(max(0.0, 1.0 - t1 * t1)), 110.0);
+    float s2 = pow(sqrt(max(0.0, 1.0 - t2 * t2)), 26.0);
+    vec3 spec = (vec3(0.035) * s1 + gAlb * 0.4 * s2) * smoothstep(0.0, 0.6, NdH);
+    spec *= smoothstep(-0.1, 0.35, NdL) * gOccl;
+    // back-scatter through thin fur at silhouettes
+    float backLit = pow(clamp(dot(-L, gV), 0.0, 1.0), 2.5);
+    vec3 scatter = (gAlb + 0.04) * backLit * gEdge * 3.2 * (0.25 + 0.75 * gH);
+    gDirect += (gAlb * diff * selfSh * gOccl + spec) * C * sh + scatter * C * mix(0.35, 1.0, sh);
+  } else {
+    float ndl = max(NdL, 0.0);
+    // wrapped diffuse; the wrapped part is tinted like light scattered under the skin
+    float dw = clamp((NdL + gWrap) / (1.0 + gWrap), 0.0, 1.0) / (1.0 + gWrap);
+    vec3 diff = gAlb * (ndl + gSSS * max(dw - ndl, 0.0) * 2.0);
+    // normalised Blinn-Phong
+    float n = exp2(12.0 * (1.0 - gRough) + 1.0);
+    float VdH = max(dot(gV, H), 0.0);
+    vec3 F = fresnel(gF0, VdH);
+    vec3 spec = F * ((n + 2.0) / 8.0) * pow(max(NdH, 0.0), n) * ndl;
+    // anisotropic lobe along gAT (feather barbs, keratin striations, hair-like base fur)
+    if (gAniso > 0.0) {
+      float th = dot(gAT, H);
+      float an = n * 0.5 + 8.0;
+      spec += gAniso * F * ((an + 2.0) / 8.0) * pow(sqrt(max(0.0, 1.0 - th * th)), an) * smoothstep(-0.1, 0.3, NdL);
+    }
+    // clear coat (wet skin, polished keratin, fish scales)
+    // (the coat lies over the bumps: it follows the smooth normal)
+    if (gCoat > 0.0) { float cH = max(dot(gNc, H), 0.0); spec += gCoat * fresnel(vec3(0.04), VdH) * (802.0 / 8.0) * pow(cH, 800.0) * max(dot(gNc, L), 0.0); }
+    // light through thin edges (ear tips, fins, horn tips)
+    float backLit = pow(clamp(dot(-L, gV), 0.0, 1.0), 3.0) * gTrans;
+    gDirect += (diff + spec) * C * sh + gAlb * gSSS * backLit * C * mix(0.3, 1.0, sh);
+    // thin membranes (fins) glow through when lit from behind
+    if (gTrans > 0.9) gDirect += gSSS * max(-NdL, 0.0) * C * mix(0.35, 1.0, sh) * 0.9;
+  }
+}
+
+void main() {
+  float h = vFin.w;
+  float furLen = vCoat.z * uFurScale;
+  // (render hint flatMaterial: the triangle's provoking-vertex material; otherwise matIdFrag, which with
+  // matBorders splits the triangle through the edge middles; both off: the rounded interpolated id)
+  float mat = uFlatMat > 0.5 ? matId(vMatF) : matIdFrag(vTint.a);
+  vec4 surf = vSurf;
+
+  // ---------- strand pattern (planar hashing, axis picked from rest normal)
+  vec3 an = abs(vRestN);
+  float axisId; vec2 uv;
+  if (an.x > an.y && an.x > an.z) { uv = vRest.yz; axisId = 0.0; }
+  else if (an.y > an.z) { uv = vRest.xz; axisId = 1.0; }
+  else { uv = vRest.xy; axisId = 2.0; }
+  float dens = uStrandDensity * mix(1.3, 1.0, smoothstep(0.004, 0.014, furLen));
+
+  float alpha = 1.0;
+  float sv = 0.5;          // per-strand random
+  vec4 ch = vec4(0.5);     // per-clump randoms
+  float fromC = 0.0;       // distance from the clump centre (0 .. ~0.7)
+  float clumpK = 0.0;      // clumping strength
+  float hazeF = 0.0, hazeNV = 1.0; // shells: the undercoat's share of this fragment's opacity, |N.V|
+  bool bristle = abs(mat - 4.0) < 0.5, down = abs(mat - 9.0) < 0.5;
+#ifdef FUR_SHELL
+  if (furLen < 0.0006 || !hairy(mat)) discard;
+  if (bristle) dens *= 0.2;
+  if (down && h > 0.3) discard; // down: a short haze near the skin, not a pelt
+  // ---- clumps: nearest strongly-jittered centre (3x3 cell search) -> organic, non-grid tufts
+  float cDens = mix(300.0, 118.0, smoothstep(0.004, 0.03, furLen)) * uClumpDensity;
+  clumpK = (bristle || down) ? 0.0 : smoothstep(uClumpLen.x, uClumpLen.y, furLen);
+  float sharp, inClump;
+  alpha = strandLayer(uv, axisId, h, furLen, dens, cDens, clumpK, bristle, sharp, sv, ch, fromC, inClump);
+  if (uStrandBlend > 0.0) {
+    // (opt-in, render hint strandBlend) the second-largest axis plane cross-faded in near a switch of the largest:
+    // half and half where the two components are equal, none beyond uStrandBlend
+    float a0 = axisId == 0.0 ? an.x : (axisId == 1.0 ? an.y : an.z);
+    float ax2 = axisId == 0.0 ? (an.y > an.z ? 1.0 : 2.0) : (axisId == 1.0 ? (an.x > an.z ? 0.0 : 2.0) : (an.x > an.y ? 0.0 : 1.0));
+    float b0 = ax2 == 0.0 ? an.x : (ax2 == 1.0 ? an.y : an.z);
+    vec2 uv2 = ax2 == 0.0 ? vRest.yz : (ax2 == 1.0 ? vRest.xz : vRest.xy);
+    float w2 = 0.5 * smoothstep(uStrandBlend, 0.0, a0 - b0);
+    float sharp2, sv2, fromC2, inClump2; vec4 ch2;
+    float alpha2 = strandLayer(uv2, ax2, h, furLen, dens, cDens, clumpK, bristle, sharp2, sv2, ch2, fromC2, inClump2);
+    alpha = mix(alpha, alpha2, w2);
+    sharp = mix(sharp, sharp2, w2); sv = mix(sv, sv2, w2); ch = mix(ch, ch2, w2); fromC = mix(fromC, fromC2, w2); inClump = mix(inClump, inClump2, w2);
+  }
+  // down: a soft haze of barbules rather than individual strands
+  if (bristle && sv > 0.45) alpha = 0.0; // bristles are sparse
+  if (down) alpha = (0.05 + 0.12 * sharp) * (1.0 - h / 0.3);
+  // thin out the very outer shells
+  alpha *= 1.0 - smoothstep(0.85, 1.0, h) * 0.5;
+  // undercoat: the hair the strand grid does not resolve (a pelt has thousands of hairs per cm2, the grid
+  // a few dozen strands). An optical depth per unit of coat height, dense at the roots and none at the
+  // tips, taken through this layer's slab (1 / uShells of the coat) along the line of sight (Beer-Lambert:
+  // the coat's opacity is the same at every shell count, and a coat seen along its lie, a fringe hanging
+  // over a leg or down round a folded wing, is as dense as it is). Without it the gaps between strands
+  // showed whatever lay under the outer layers: another part's lit skin, a wing, a leg's outline.
+  if (!bristle && !down && uUnder > 0.0) {
+    hazeNV = abs(dot(normalize(vN), normalize(cameraPosition - vWorldPos)));
+    float tau = uUnder * (1.0 - smoothstep(0.3, 0.9, h)) * mix(1.0, inClump, 0.6 * clumpK);
+    float fill = 1.0 - exp(-tau / (max(uShells, 1.0) * max(hazeNV, 0.2)));
+    float aS = alpha;
+    alpha = 1.0 - (1.0 - alpha) * (1.0 - fill);
+    hazeF = alpha > 1e-4 ? (1.0 - aS) * fill / alpha : 0.0;
+  }
+  // cross-fade of two overlapping surfaces (vCoat.w): each takes its share of the coat's optical depth, so the
+  // pair composites to one whole coat. Scaling the opacity instead left the middle of the band a quarter thinner
+  // (two half-opaque layers cover 75 %): a pale or dark line where a head and a neck surface meet (a dog's ruff)
+  alpha = vCoat.w > 1e-4 ? 1.0 - pow(max(1.0 - alpha, 1e-4), vCoat.w) : 0.0;
+  alpha *= vFin.z;
+  if (alpha < 0.02) discard;
+#elif defined( FUR_FIN )
+  // ---- a fin carries a handful of tapered strands side by side
+  float nS = bristle ? 2.0 : 5.0;
+  float u = vFin.x * nS;
+  float y = vFin.y;
+  float cov = 0.0;
+  float i0 = floor(u);
+  vec2 fid = vRest.xy * 1733.1 + vRest.z * 917.3;
+  float uw = fwidth(u) * 0.8 + 0.02;
+  for (int k = -1; k <= 1; k++) {
+    float i = i0 + float(k);
+    if (i < 0.0 || i >= nS) continue;
+    vec2 hid = fid + vec2(i * 7.13, 0.0);
+    float r1 = hash12(hid), r2 = hash12(hid + 3.7), r3 = hash12(hid + 9.1);
+    float slen = mix(0.38, 1.1, r1 * r1 * (3.0 - 2.0 * r1));
+    if (y > slen) continue;
+    float cx = i + 0.5 + (r3 - 0.5) * 0.6 + (r2 - 0.5) * 1.4 * y * y;
+    float wdt = 0.2 * (1.0 - y / slen) + 0.03;
+    float c = smoothstep(wdt + uw, wdt - uw, abs(u - cx));
+    if (c > cov) { cov = c; sv = r2; ch = vec4(r1, r3, r2, r1 * r3); }
+  }
+  alpha = cov * vFin.z * vCoat.w * (1.0 - 0.35 * smoothstep(0.6, 1.0, y)) * uFinFade;
+  // the root half of a long hair's card lies inside its own coat, which the shells draw: drawn there too it
+  // traced the base surface's outline, deep inside the coat, as a dark line (a long tail's core, a leg
+  // under a fringe); the card shows the hair where it leaves the coat
+  alpha *= mix(1.0, smoothstep(0.08, 0.5, y), smoothstep(0.008, 0.03, furLen));
+  if (down) alpha *= 0.5;
+  if (alpha < 0.02) discard;
+#else
+  // overlap band of two regions: each surface keeps its half, plus the sunk skirt past the midline
+  if (vCoat.w < uSeam.y) discard;
+#endif
+
+  // ---------- frames: rest space (for procedural detail) and world space (for lighting)
+  vec3 Nw = normalize(vN);
+  vec3 Tw = dot(vT, vT) > 1e-12 ? normalize(vT) : Nw;
+  vec3 V = normalize(cameraPosition - vWorldPos);
+  vec3 N = Nw;
+  vec3 T = Tw;
+  vec3 Nr = normalize(vRestN);
+  vec3 Tr = vRestC - Nr * dot(vRestC, Nr);
+  Tr = dot(Tr, Tr) > 1e-10 ? normalize(Tr) : normalize(cross(Nr, vec3(0.31, 0.83, 0.47)));
+  vec3 Br = cross(Nr, Tr);
+  vec3 Tb = normalize(Tw - Nw * dot(Tw, Nw) + 1e-6);
+  vec3 Bw = cross(Nw, Tb);
+
+  // ---------- albedo: base colour, pattern, marks
+  vec3 base = vTint.rgb;
+  bool furBase = false;
+  // hair-level raggedness of pattern edges: whole tufts are in or out, single strands stray
+  float jitS = (sv - 0.5) * 0.0036 + (ch.y - 0.5) * 0.0042;
+#if !defined( FUR_SHELL ) && !defined( FUR_FIN )
+  furBase = mat < 0.5;
+  if (furBase) {
+    // no strands here: jitter pattern edges with hair-flow streaks instead
+    float st = streak(vRest, Tr, 900.0, 6.0) * 0.6 + streak(vRest + 7.1, Tr, 300.0, 4.0) * 0.4;
+    jitS = (st - 0.5) * 0.014 * detailFade(300.0);
+  } else jitS = 0.0;
+#endif
+  float pw = max(fwidth(vCoat.x), 0.0011);
+  // (a negative pattern intensity is a flight-feather vane's bar count, see the vane branch below)
+  float spot = smoothstep(pw, -pw, vCoat.x + jitS) * max(vPat.a, 0.0);
+  // facial marks (tear lines, eye rims, lips, tail rings) are crisp lines: almost no strand jitter
+  float mw = max(fwidth(vCoat.y), 0.0007);
+  float mark = smoothstep(mw, -mw, vCoat.y + jitS * 0.08);
+  vec3 alb = mix(base, vPat.rgb, spot);
+  alb = mix(alb, uMarkColor, mark);
+
+  // ---------- hair: strand / tuft shade variation, agouti banding, root darkening
+#if defined( FUR_SHELL ) || defined( FUR_FIN )
+  if (bristle) alb = mix(base * 1.1 + 0.03, alb, 0.3);
+  if (down) alb = mix(alb, vec3(lum(alb)) * 1.2 + 0.02, 0.35);
+  alb *= (0.8 + 0.4 * sv) * mix(0.86, 1.12, ch.z);
+  // agouti: light roots, a dark band just below the tips (grizzle)
+  float agouti = surf.z;
+  if (agouti > 0.0) {
+    float bc = 0.74 + (sv - 0.5) * 0.16;
+    float band = smoothstep(0.14, 0.02, abs(h - bc)) * step(0.35, fract(sv * 7.3));
+    alb = mix(alb, alb * 0.12 + vec3(0.006, 0.005, 0.004), band * agouti);
+  }
+  // undercoat: lighter, greyer roots
+  alb = mix(alb, mix(alb, vec3(lum(alb)) * 1.35, 0.6), surf.w * (1.0 - smoothstep(0.1, 0.5, h)));
+  // root darkening / tip lightening
+  // (sparse bristles on bare skin: isolated hairs lit like the skin they grow from, no dark roots)
+  alb *= bristle ? mix(0.9, 1.05, h) : mix(0.42, 1.08, pow(h, 0.55));
+#endif
+
+  // ---------- per material surface (base pass)
+  float occl = 1.0;
+  gHair = 1.0; gRough = 0.5; gWrap = 0.0; gCoat = 0.0; gAniso = 0.0; gTrans = 0.0;
+  gF0 = vec3(0.04); gSSS = vec3(0.0); gAT = Tb;
+  float aoAmb = 1.0;
+  vec3 pert = vec3(0.0); // normal perturbation in (T, B, N) of the rest frame
+#if !defined( FUR_SHELL ) && !defined( FUR_FIN )
+  gHair = 0.0;
+  float fd = 1.0;
+  // crowd tier: no eye meshes, the eyes are painted into the base
+  float painted = 0.0; vec3 eyeAlb = vec3(0.0);
+  if (uPaintEyes > 0.5) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < ${MAX_PAINTED_EYES}; i++) {
+      if (uEyes[i].w <= 0.0) continue;
+      float de = length(vRest - uEyes[i].xyz) / uEyes[i].w;
+      if (de < 1.25) { painted = 1.0; eyeAlb = mix(uEyeTint[i], vec3(0.004), smoothstep(0.55, 0.3, de)); }
+    }
+    if (painted > 0.5) mat = 2.0;
+  }
+  if (mat < 0.5) {
+    // fur seen from the base
+    gHair = 1.0;
+    if (uShellsOn > 0.5) {
+      occl = 0.32; // deep in the coat, under the shells
+    } else {
+      // no shells: hair-flow streaks, per-lock shade and an anisotropic sheen make it read as fur
+      alb *= uBaseTone;
+      fd = detailFade(1200.0);
+      float fd2 = detailFade(450.0), fd3 = detailFade(140.0);
+      float s1 = streak(vRest, Tr, 1200.0, 8.0), s2 = streak(vRest + 3.7, Tr, 450.0, 5.0), s3 = streak(vRest + 9.2, Tr, 140.0, 3.0);
+      sv = mix(0.5, s1, fd);
+      // strands, locks and tufts: brighter crests, darker partings
+      alb *= mix(1.0, 0.62 + 0.76 * s1, fd) * mix(1.0, 0.72 + 0.56 * s2, fd2) * mix(1.0, 0.8 + 0.4 * s3, fd3);
+      alb *= mix(1.0, 1.0 - 0.6 * smoothstep(0.5, 0.75, s2), surf.z * fd2); // agouti speckle
+      occl = 0.8;
+      h = 0.6;
+      ch = vec4(s3, s2, 0.5, s2);
+      pert = vec3(0.0, ((s2 - 0.5) * 0.6 + (s3 - 0.5) * 0.5) * fd2, 0.0);
+    }
+  } else if (mat < 1.5) {
+    // nose leather: pebbled cobbles with dark creases, satin sheen
+    float k = 1.0 / 0.0007;
+    fd = detailFade(k);
+    vec3 g = vRest * k; vec3 gi = floor(g);
+    float d1 = 9.0, d2 = 9.0; vec3 best = vec3(0.0);
+    for (int kk = 0; kk < 27; kk++) {
+      vec3 o = vec3(float(kk % 3) - 1.0, float((kk / 3) % 3) - 1.0, float(kk / 9) - 1.0);
+      vec3 c = gi + o + hash33(gi + o);
+      vec3 dv = g - c; dv -= Nr * dot(dv, Nr) * 0.7;
+      float dd = length(dv);
+      if (dd < d1) { d2 = d1; d1 = dd; best = dv; } else if (dd < d2) d2 = dd;
+    }
+    float crease = smoothstep(0.18, 0.0, d2 - d1) * fd;
+    // (leatherTint: pink / brick leather in the tint colour, e.g. a cat's nose and pads; the tint keeps the
+    // material ids next to fur 0 -> 1, where a pink bare-skin nose (4) interpolated through 1, 2, 3 at its rim)
+    // (noseTint 1, the wolf's pale rims and painted septum, is the same blend at full strength: both take
+    // the coat's per-vertex colour vTint, so the larger of the two wins)
+    // (uLeatherRelief scales the pebbling: crease darkening, cobble shade and bump; 1 = the default)
+    crease *= uLeatherRelief;
+    alb = mix(vec3(0.05, 0.042, 0.04), vTint.rgb, max(uLeatherTint, uNoseTint)) * (1.0 + (0.4 * hash13(floor(g)) - 0.2) * uLeatherRelief) * (1.0 - 0.6 * crease);
+    pert = vec3(dot(best, Tr), dot(best, Br), 0.0) * 0.5 * fd * uLeatherRelief;
+    // (surf.y < 0: the roughness, -surf.y, of a drier, matte leather per vertex (bear); unset (>= 0) takes the
+    // render hint noseRoughness, satin 0.42 by default)
+    gRough = surf.y < 0.0 ? -surf.y : uNoseRough; gF0 = vec3(0.035); gWrap = 0.2; gSSS = vec3(0.3, 0.1, 0.08);
+    aoAmb = 1.0 - 0.5 * crease;
+    // (render hint noseMarks: marks on the leather are openings, the nostrils: dark, no sheen from inside)
+    float nm = mark * uNoseMarks;
+    alb = mix(alb, uMarkColor, nm); pert *= 1.0 - nm; gF0 *= 1.0 - nm; aoAmb *= 1.0 - 0.6 * nm;
+  } else if (mat < 2.5) {
+    // bare dark skin (lids, lips): smooth, slightly moist
+    alb = vec3(0.012, 0.01, 0.01);
+    gRough = 0.32; gWrap = 0.25; gSSS = vec3(0.5, 0.15, 0.1); gF0 = vec3(0.035);
+    if (painted > 0.5) { alb = eyeAlb; gRough = 0.1; gCoat = 1.0; gWrap = 0.0; }
+  } else if (mat < 3.5) {
+    // mouth: wet, pink-red mucosa
+    alb = vec3(0.25, 0.08, 0.08);
+    gRough = 0.22; gWrap = 0.6; gSSS = vec3(0.9, 0.25, 0.2); gCoat = 0.5;
+  } else if (mat < 4.5) {
+    // bare skin: colour from rgb, soft subsurface wrap, fine pores and creases
+    float k = 1.0 / 0.0009;
+    fd = detailFade(k);
+    float n1 = vnoise(vRest * k), n2 = vnoise(vRest * k * 0.23 + 5.1);
+    float pore = smoothstep(0.72, 0.9, n1) * fd;
+    alb *= (1.0 - 0.25 * pore) * (0.92 + 0.16 * n2);
+    pert = vec3((n1 - 0.5) * 0.12, (vnoise(vRest * k + 9.3) - 0.5) * 0.12, 0.0) * fd;
+    gRough = mix(0.62, 0.3, surf.x); gWrap = uSkinScatter.w; gSSS = uSkinScatter.rgb; gTrans = uSkinTrans.x + (uSkinTrans.y > 0.0 ? uSkinTrans.y * surf.y : 0.0);
+    aoAmb = 1.0 - 0.3 * pore;
+  } else if (mat < 5.5) {
+    // keratin (hoof, horn, beak, claw): glossy, growth striations running along the comb
+    float k = 1.0 / 0.0006;
+    fd = detailFade(k);
+    float fd2 = detailFade(k * 0.2);
+    float s1 = streak(vRest, Tr, k, 14.0), s2 = streak(vRest + 1.3, Tr, k * 0.2, 10.0);
+    float rings = 0.5 + 0.5 * sin(dot(vRest, Tr) * 700.0 + s2 * 4.0);
+    alb *= mix(1.0, 0.8 + 0.4 * s1, fd) * mix(1.0, (0.7 + 0.6 * s2) * (0.92 + 0.08 * rings), fd2);
+    pert = vec3(0.0, (s1 - 0.5) * 0.35 * fd + (s2 - 0.5) * 0.5 * fd2, 0.0);
+    // (surf.x < 0, opt-in: duller than gloss 0, -1 matte: the highlight and the grazing sheen are the same on any
+    // albedo, and on dark horn they read as chrome; 0 keeps the default 0.6)
+    float gl = surf.x > 0.0 ? surf.x : (surf.x < 0.0 ? 0.0 : 0.6);
+    float matte = clamp(-surf.x, 0.0, 1.0);
+    gRough = mix(mix(0.55, 0.12, gl), 0.85, matte); gCoat = 0.25 * gl; gAniso = 0.6 * (1.0 - matte); gAT = Tb; gWrap = 0.15;
+    gSSS = alb * 0.8 + 0.02; gTrans = 0.35;
+  } else if (mat < 6.5) {
+    // scales laid out along the comb: overlapping, domed, dark edges, optional keel and iridescence
+    float sz = surf.y > 0.0 ? surf.y : 0.004;
+    fd = detailFade(1.0 / sz * 1.5);
+    if (surf.z < -0.5) {
+      // ventral scutes (snakes): plates spanning the belly, one per surf.y along the comb, each one's
+      // free (posterior) edge lying over the next: a bright lip, a dark gap, then its shadow
+      float a = dot(vRest, Tr) / sz, f = fract(a);
+      float gap = smoothstep(0.035, 0.0, f) + smoothstep(0.965, 1.0, f);
+      float lip = smoothstep(0.78, 0.94, f) * (1.0 - smoothstep(0.94, 0.97, f));
+      float sh = smoothstep(0.3, 0.035, f);
+      alb *= mix(1.0, (0.92 + 0.12 * hash13(vec3(floor(a), 1.7, 3.1))) * (1.0 - 0.55 * gap) * (1.0 + 0.12 * lip) * (1.0 - 0.28 * sh), fd);
+      pert = vec3(-0.3 - 0.35 * (f - 0.5), 0.0, 0.0) * fd;
+      float gl = surf.x > 0.0 ? surf.x : 0.6;
+      gRough = mix(0.6, 0.16, gl); gCoat = 0.4 * gl; gWrap = 0.12;
+      aoAmb = 1.0 - 0.4 * max(gap, sh) * fd;
+    } else if (uDenticle > 0.0) {
+      // shark skin (render hint denticles): tiny keeled denticles in rows along the comb. Single
+      // denticles, rows of them and broader streaks fade out in turn with distance; the ridges tilt the
+      // normal across the comb, so the light breaks into a fine grain along the body. Matte: a soft,
+      // broad sheen stretched across the ridges (anisotropic lobe), no clear coat.
+      float kd = 1.0 / sz;
+      float fd2 = detailFade(kd * 0.25), fd3 = detailFade(kd * 0.06);
+      float g1 = streak(vRest, Tr, kd, 6.0), g2 = streak(vRest + 3.1, Tr, kd * 0.25, 5.0), g3 = streak(vRest + 8.7, Tr, kd * 0.06, 4.0);
+      float grain = mix(1.0, 0.8 + 0.4 * g1, fd) * mix(1.0, 0.86 + 0.28 * g2, fd2) * mix(1.0, 0.93 + 0.14 * g3, fd3);
+      alb *= mix(1.0, grain, uDenticle);
+      pert = vec3(0.0, (g1 - 0.5) * 0.5 * fd + (g2 - 0.5) * 0.35 * fd2 + (g3 - 0.5) * 0.18 * fd3, 0.0) * uDenticle;
+      float gl = surf.x > 0.0 ? surf.x : 0.2;
+      gRough = mix(0.78, 0.38, gl); gCoat = 0.0; gWrap = 0.3; gSSS = alb * 0.6;
+      gAniso = 0.55 * uDenticle; gAT = Tb;
+      aoAmb = 1.0 - 0.18 * (1.0 - g2) * fd2 * uDenticle;
+    } else {
+    // surf.w < 0: lower relief and edge contrast (smooth plates, clean satin scales), -1 = flat
+    float scC = surf.w < 0.0 ? clamp(1.0 + surf.w, 0.0, 1.0) : 1.0;
+    Shingle S = shingles(vRest, Nr, Tr, Br, sz * 0.62, 1.25, 0.7);
+    // free edge: a thin bright lip, then the dark gap under it; base of the scale in shadow
+    float rim = smoothstep(0.8, 0.98, S.edge);
+    float lip = smoothstep(0.62, 0.8, S.edge) * (1.0 - rim) * step(0.0, S.along);
+    float keel = surf.z * exp(-S.across * S.across / 0.02);
+    alb *= mix(1.0, (0.82 + 0.3 * S.id) * (1.0 - 0.6 * rim) * (1.0 + 0.25 * lip) * (1.0 - 0.7 * S.shadow) * mix(0.72, 1.0, smoothstep(-0.8, 0.4, S.along)) * (1.0 + 0.35 * keel), fd * uScaleEdge * scC);
+    // the scale rises toward its free edge and is domed across; the keel is a ridge down the middle
+    pert = vec3(-0.35 - 0.3 * S.along, -S.across * 0.45 - sign(S.across) * keel * 0.6, 0.0) * fd * scC * (0.35 + 0.65 * uScaleEdge);
+    float gl = surf.x > 0.0 ? surf.x : 0.45;
+    gRough = mix(0.6, 0.18, gl); gCoat = 0.35 * gl; gWrap = 0.1;
+    aoAmb = 1.0 - 0.5 * S.shadow * fd * scC * uScaleEdge;
+    if (surf.w > 0.0) {
+      float nv = clamp(dot(Nw, V), 0.0, 1.0);
+      vec3 film = 0.5 + 0.5 * cos(6.2831 * (nv * 1.6 + S.id * 0.25 + vec3(0.0, 0.33, 0.67)));
+      gF0 = mix(vec3(0.04), film * 0.35, surf.w);
+      alb = mix(alb, alb * 0.8 + film * lum(alb) * 0.25, surf.w * 0.4);
+    }
+    }
+  } else if (mat < 7.5) {
+    // wet skin (frog): granular bumps, glossy clear coat, strong subsurface
+    float sz = surf.y > 0.0 ? surf.y : 0.0015;
+    float k = 1.0 / sz;
+    fd = detailFade(k);
+    float b1 = vnoise(vRest * k), b2 = vnoise(vRest * k * 2.7 + 3.3);
+    float bump = smoothstep(0.45, 0.85, b1) * 0.7 + b2 * 0.3;
+    float e = 0.12;
+    float bx = vnoise((vRest + Tr * sz * e) * k), by = vnoise((vRest + Br * sz * e) * k);
+    pert = vec3(-(bx - b1), -(by - b1), 0.0) / e * 0.18 * fd;
+    alb *= mix(1.0, 0.85 + 0.3 * bump, fd);
+    float gl = surf.x > 0.0 ? surf.x : 0.85;
+    gRough = mix(0.5, 0.2, gl); gCoat = gl; gWrap = 0.6; gSSS = vec3(0.6, 0.75, 0.4) * 0.8; gTrans = 0.6;
+  } else if (mat < 8.5) {
+    // chitin: hard, glossy, dark, fine segment sutures and micro-pitting. A negative feature scale
+    // (surf.y < 0) means smooth cuticle without sutures (spiders), |surf.y| = pitting scale
+    float sz = surf.y > 0.0 ? surf.y : 0.003;
+    float pitK = surf.y < 0.0 ? 1.0 / max(-surf.y, 1e-5) : 2500.0;
+    fd = detailFade(surf.y < 0.0 ? pitK : 1.0 / 0.0004);
+    float seg = fract(dot(vRest, Tr) / sz + streak(vRest, Tr, 90.0, 3.0) * 0.3);
+    float suture = surf.y < 0.0 ? 0.0 : smoothstep(0.1, 0.0, seg) + smoothstep(0.93, 1.0, seg);
+    float pit = vnoise(vRest * pitK);
+    alb *= (1.0 - 0.7 * suture) * mix(1.0, 0.85 + 0.3 * pit, fd);
+    pert = vec3((seg - 0.5) * 0.5 + (pit - 0.5) * 0.15 * fd, 0.0, 0.0);
+    float gl = surf.x > 0.0 ? surf.x : 0.75;
+    gRough = mix(0.5, 0.15, gl); gCoat = 0.4 * gl; gWrap = 0.05;
+    gF0 = mix(vec3(0.045), vec3(0.08, 0.06, 0.03) + alb, surf.w);
+    aoAmb = 1.0 - 0.5 * suture;
+  } else if (mat > 10.5) {
+    // fin membrane (11): thin translucent skin stretched between bony rays. surf.y = ray phase (rays
+    // at integer values), surf.z = position along the ray (0 base .. 1 margin), surf.w = opacity.
+    // Rays are jointed and fork toward the margin; the membrane between them is clearer.
+    float along = clamp(surf.z, 0.0, 1.2);
+    float fork = smoothstep(0.5, 0.62, along);
+    float pr = surf.y * (1.0 + fork);
+    float dRay = abs(fract(pr + 0.5) - 0.5);
+    float fwR = fwidth(pr) * 0.8 + 1e-4;
+    float rw = mix(0.16, 0.1, along) * mix(1.0, 0.7, fork);
+    float rayFade = 1.0 - smoothstep(0.35, 0.7, fwR);
+    float ray = smoothstep(rw + fwR, rw - fwR, dRay) * rayFade;
+    float seg = abs(fract(along * 16.0 + surf.y * 0.37) - 0.5);
+    float joint = smoothstep(0.06, 0.0, abs(seg - 0.47)) * ray * detailFade(1.0 / 0.0015);
+    alb = mix(alb, alb * 0.72 + vec3(0.004), ray * 0.8);
+    alb = mix(alb, alb * 1.25 + 0.02, joint * 0.5);
+    gMemA = clamp(mix(surf.w, min(1.0, surf.w + 0.38), ray) * (1.0 - 0.3 * smoothstep(0.85, 1.05, along)), 0.0, 1.0);
+    pert = vec3(0.0, sign(fract(pr + 0.5) - 0.5) * ray * 0.22 * rayFade, 0.0);
+    float gl = surf.x > 0.0 ? surf.x : 0.7;
+    gRough = mix(0.55, 0.22, gl); gCoat = 0.3 * gl; gWrap = 0.45; gSSS = alb * 0.8 + 0.01; gTrans = 1.0;
+  } else if (mat < 9.5) {
+    // feathers: contour-feather shingles with a rachis, barbs and a barb-anisotropic sheen
+    float sz = surf.y > 0.0 ? surf.y : 0.012;
+    fd = detailFade(1.0 / sz * 2.0);
+    Shingle S = shingles(vRest, Nr, Tr, Br, sz * 0.55, 1.35, 0.8);
+    float rachis = smoothstep(0.06, 0.0, abs(S.across)) * smoothstep(1.0, 0.2, S.along);
+    float barbPh = (abs(S.across) * 0.9 - S.along * 0.55) * 22.0;
+    float fdB = detailFade(1.0 / sz * 30.0);
+    float barbs = (0.5 + 0.5 * sin(barbPh * 6.2831)) * fdB;
+    float tipFray = smoothstep(0.85, 1.0, S.edge) * smoothstep(0.0, 0.6, S.along);
+    if (surf.z < 0.0) {
+      // per-feather markings (poultry and game birds): surf.z = -(mode + amount), marking colour in
+      // the pattern colour (its intensity unused): 0 lacing (a band along the free edge), 1 bars across
+      // the feather, 2 a shaft streak down the middle, 3 spangle (a dark bar and a light tip). Far away
+      // the marking blends to its mean coverage instead of vanishing.
+      float mm = -surf.z, mode = floor(mm + 1e-3), amt = clamp(mm - mode, 0.0, 1.0);
+      float mk = 0.0, mMean = 0.3;
+      if (mode < 0.5) mk = smoothstep(0.6, 0.78, S.edge) * smoothstep(-0.4, 0.0, S.along);
+      else if (mode < 1.5) { mk = smoothstep(-0.3, 0.3, sin((S.along * 2.3 + S.id * 0.35) * 6.2831)); mMean = 0.5; }
+      else if (mode < 2.5) { mk = smoothstep(0.4, 0.16, abs(S.across)) * smoothstep(-0.7, 0.1, S.along); mMean = 0.18; }
+      else {
+        float tip = smoothstep(0.52, 0.68, S.along) * smoothstep(0.98, 0.85, S.edge);
+        float bar = smoothstep(0.15, 0.3, S.along) * (1.0 - smoothstep(0.5, 0.6, S.along));
+        alb = mix(alb, alb * 0.1, mix(0.15, bar, fd) * amt);
+        mk = tip; mMean = 0.15;
+      }
+      alb = mix(alb, vPat.rgb, mix(mMean, mk, fd) * amt);
+    }
+    alb *= mix(1.0, (0.85 + 0.25 * S.id) * (1.0 - 0.35 * S.shadow) * (0.9 + 0.2 * barbs) * (1.0 - 0.3 * tipFray), fd * uFeatherEdge);
+    alb = mix(alb, alb * 1.25 + 0.03, rachis * 0.6 * fd);
+    pert = vec3(-0.25 - 0.25 * S.along, -S.across * 0.3, 0.0) * fd;
+    vec3 barbDir = normalize(Tr * 0.55 + Br * sign(S.across) * 0.84);
+    gAT = normalize(Tb * dot(barbDir, Tr) + Bw * dot(barbDir, Br));
+    gAniso = 0.5 * fd; gRough = mix(0.8, 0.45, surf.x); gWrap = 0.3; gSSS = alb * 0.5; gTrans = 0.3;
+    aoAmb = 1.0 - 0.45 * S.shadow * fd;
+    if (surf.w > 0.0) {
+      // structural colour (crow / starling gloss): a thin-film tint of the specular lobe
+      float nv = clamp(dot(Nw, V), 0.0, 1.0);
+      vec3 film = mix(vec3(0.42, 0.3, 1.0), vec3(0.12, 0.62, 0.72), pow(1.0 - nv, 1.4) + (S.id - 0.5) * 0.25);
+      gF0 = mix(vec3(0.04), film * 0.14, surf.w);
+    }
+  } else {
+    // flight-feather vane (feather cards, core/build/featherCards.js): surf = [gloss, iridescence,
+    // across (-1 outer edge .. 0 rachis .. 1 inner edge), along (0 root .. 1 tip)], vCoat.x = signed
+    // metres from the rachis. Rachis, barbs leaving it toward the tip, barb splits, worn edges, a
+    // barb-anisotropic sheen, structural colour and light through the thin vane.
+    float across = surf.z, along = surf.w, ac = abs(across);
+    float xm = abs(vCoat.x), ym = dot(vRest, Tr), sgn = vCoat.x < 0.0 ? -1.0 : 1.0;
+    float aw = fwidth(across) + 1e-4;
+    float rw = mix(0.07, 0.018, along);
+    float rach = smoothstep(rw + aw, rw - aw, ac) * (1.0 - smoothstep(0.8, 1.0, along));
+    float bc = (ym - xm * 1.5) / 0.00032;
+    float fdB = detailFade(1.0 / 0.00032);
+    float barb = (0.5 + 0.5 * sin(bc * 6.2831)) * fdB;
+    float grp = floor((ym - xm * 1.5) / 0.0045);
+    float split = step(0.88, hash12(vec2(grp, sgn * 7.0))) * smoothstep(0.35, 0.85, ac) * detailFade(220.0);
+    float edge = smoothstep(0.8, 1.0, ac);
+    fd = detailFade(220.0);
+    if (vPat.a < 0.0) {
+      // barred vanes (opt-in, featherCards colour().bar): -vPat.a bars from root to tip in vPat.rgb, bent
+      // into shallow chevrons toward the edges; far away they blend to their mean
+      float ph = along * -vPat.a + ac * 0.22;
+      float fdBar = 1.0 - smoothstep(0.25, 0.5, fwidth(ph));
+      float bar = smoothstep(-0.25, 0.25, sin(ph * 6.2831));
+      alb = mix(alb, vPat.rgb, mix(0.5, bar, fdBar));
+    }
+    alb *= (0.9 + 0.2 * barb) * (1.0 - 0.4 * split * fd) * (1.0 - 0.22 * edge) * (0.94 + 0.12 * along);
+    alb = mix(alb, alb * 1.35 + 0.012, rach * 0.55);
+    pert = vec3((barb - 0.5) * 0.1, sgn * 0.2 * smoothstep(0.08, 1.0, ac) - sgn * 0.25 * split * fd, 0.0);
+    vec3 barbDir = normalize(Tr * 0.83 + Br * sgn * 0.56);
+    gAT = normalize(Tb * dot(barbDir, Tr) + Bw * dot(barbDir, Br));
+    // light through the vane and the barb sheen scale with the pigment: melanin-dark feathers stay
+    // dark from below and against the light, pale feathers glow
+    float vLum = max(alb.r, max(alb.g, alb.b)), vTk = smoothstep(0.02, 0.3, vLum);
+    gAniso = 0.45 * mix(0.12, 1.0, vTk); gRough = mix(0.8, 0.45, surf.x); gWrap = 0.2 * vTk; gSSS = alb * 0.6 + 0.004 * vTk; gTrans = 0.6 * vTk;
+    if (surf.y > 0.0) {
+      float nv = clamp(dot(Nw, V), 0.0, 1.0);
+      vec3 film = mix(vec3(0.42, 0.3, 1.0), vec3(0.12, 0.62, 0.72), clamp(pow(1.0 - nv, 1.4) + along * 0.15, 0.0, 1.0));
+      gF0 = mix(vec3(0.04), film * 0.09, surf.y);
+    }
+    aoAmb = 1.0 - 0.25 * edge - 0.2 * split * fd;
+  }
+  if (gHair < 0.5) N = normalize(Nw + Tb * pert.x + Bw * pert.y);
+  else if (uShellsOn < 0.5) N = normalize(Nw + Bw * pert.y);
+#endif
+
+  // ---------- hair lighting frame
+  if (gHair > 0.5) {
+    // each tuft leans a little its own way: breaks the smooth shading into fur texture
+    vec3 Bt = normalize(cross(N, T) + 1e-6);
+    N = normalize(N + (T * (ch.w - 0.5) + Bt * (ch.z - 0.5)) * 0.55 * h);
+#if defined( FUR_SHELL ) || defined( FUR_FIN )
+    occl = bristle ? mix(0.85, 1.0, h) : mix(0.3, 1.0, pow(h, 0.7));
+    // the valleys between tufts are darker than the tufts themselves
+    occl *= mix(1.0, 0.7, smoothstep(0.22, 0.56, fromC) * (1.0 - h) * clumpK);
+#endif
+  }
+  gN = N; gNc = normalize(mix(Nw, N, 0.25)); gT = T; gV = V; gAlb = alb; gH = h; gOccl = occl; gSv = sv;
+  gEdge = pow(1.0 - abs(dot(Nw, V)), 1.6);
+#ifdef FUR_FIN
+  gEdge = 1.0;
+#endif
+  gDirect = vec3(0.0); gLit = 0.0; gLitW = 0.0;
+
+  // ---------- scene lights (three.js uniforms are in view space)
+  IncidentLight directLight;
+  float shD, shS, shP, shT; // (declared outside the unrolled loops)
+  vec3 geoPos = (viewMatrix * vec4(vWorldPos, 1.0)).xyz;
+#if NUM_DIR_LIGHTS > 0
+  DirectionalLight directionalLight;
+  #if defined( USE_SHADOWMAP ) && NUM_DIR_LIGHT_SHADOWS > 0
+  DirectionalLightShadow directionalLightShadow;
+  #endif
+  #pragma unroll_loop_start
+  for ( int i = 0; i < NUM_DIR_LIGHTS; i ++ ) {
+    directionalLight = directionalLights[ i ];
+    getDirectionalLightInfo( directionalLight, directLight );
+    shD = 1.0;
+    #if defined( USE_SHADOWMAP ) && ( UNROLLED_LOOP_INDEX < NUM_DIR_LIGHT_SHADOWS )
+    directionalLightShadow = directionalLightShadows[ i ];
+    shD = receiveShadow ? getShadow( directionalShadowMap[ i ], directionalLightShadow.shadowMapSize, directionalLightShadow.shadowIntensity, directionalLightShadow.shadowBias, directionalLightShadow.shadowRadius, vDirectionalShadowCoord[ i ] ) : 1.0;
+    #endif
+    shadeLight( toWorld( directLight.direction ), directLight.color, shD );
+  }
+  #pragma unroll_loop_end
+#endif
+#if NUM_SUN_LIGHTS > 0
+  SunLight sunLight;
+  #if defined( USE_SHADOWMAP ) && NUM_SUN_LIGHT_SHADOWS > 0
+  SunLightShadow sunLightShadow;
+  #endif
+  #pragma unroll_loop_start
+  for ( int i = 0; i < NUM_SUN_LIGHTS; i ++ ) {
+    sunLight = sunLights[ i ];
+    getSunLightInfo( sunLight, directLight );
+    shS = 1.0;
+    #if defined( USE_SHADOWMAP ) && ( UNROLLED_LOOP_INDEX < NUM_SUN_LIGHT_SHADOWS )
+    sunLightShadow = sunLightShadows[ i ];
+    shS = receiveShadow ? getSunShadow( sunShadowMap[ i ], sunLightShadow, UNROLLED_LOOP_INDEX ) : 1.0;
+    #endif
+    shadeLight( toWorld( directLight.direction ), directLight.color, shS );
+  }
+  #pragma unroll_loop_end
+#endif
+#if NUM_POINT_LIGHTS > 0
+  PointLight pointLight;
+  #if defined( USE_SHADOWMAP ) && NUM_POINT_LIGHT_SHADOWS > 0
+  PointLightShadow pointLightShadow;
+  #endif
+  #pragma unroll_loop_start
+  for ( int i = 0; i < NUM_POINT_LIGHTS; i ++ ) {
+    pointLight = pointLights[ i ];
+    getPointLightInfo( pointLight, geoPos, directLight );
+    shP = 1.0;
+    #if defined( USE_SHADOWMAP ) && ( UNROLLED_LOOP_INDEX < NUM_POINT_LIGHT_SHADOWS ) && ( defined( SHADOWMAP_TYPE_PCF ) || defined( SHADOWMAP_TYPE_BASIC ) )
+    pointLightShadow = pointLightShadows[ i ];
+    shP = ( directLight.visible && receiveShadow ) ? getPointShadow( pointShadowMap[ i ], pointLightShadow.shadowMapSize, pointLightShadow.shadowIntensity, pointLightShadow.shadowBias, pointLightShadow.shadowRadius, vPointShadowCoord[ i ], pointLightShadow.shadowCameraNear, pointLightShadow.shadowCameraFar ) : 1.0;
+    #endif
+    if ( directLight.visible ) shadeLight( toWorld( directLight.direction ), directLight.color, shP );
+  }
+  #pragma unroll_loop_end
+#endif
+#if NUM_SPOT_LIGHTS > 0
+  SpotLight spotLight;
+  #if defined( USE_SHADOWMAP ) && NUM_SPOT_LIGHT_SHADOWS > 0
+  SpotLightShadow spotLightShadow;
+  #endif
+  #pragma unroll_loop_start
+  for ( int i = 0; i < NUM_SPOT_LIGHTS; i ++ ) {
+    spotLight = spotLights[ i ];
+    getSpotLightInfo( spotLight, geoPos, directLight );
+    shT = 1.0;
+    #if defined( USE_SHADOWMAP ) && ( UNROLLED_LOOP_INDEX < NUM_SPOT_LIGHT_SHADOWS )
+    spotLightShadow = spotLightShadows[ i ];
+    shT = ( directLight.visible && receiveShadow ) ? getShadow( spotShadowMap[ i ], spotLightShadow.shadowMapSize, spotLightShadow.shadowIntensity, spotLightShadow.shadowBias, spotLightShadow.shadowRadius, vSpotLightCoord[ i ] ) : 1.0;
+    #endif
+    if ( directLight.visible ) shadeLight( toWorld( directLight.direction ), directLight.color, shT );
+  }
+  #pragma unroll_loop_end
+#endif
+
+  // ---------- ambient: hemisphere + ambient lights (+ light probes)
+  vec3 irr = ambientLightColor;
+  vec3 fillIrr = ambientLightColor * 2.0;
+  vec3 R = reflect(-V, N);
+  vec3 envIrr = ambientLightColor;
+#if NUM_HEMI_LIGHTS > 0
+  for ( int i = 0; i < NUM_HEMI_LIGHTS; i ++ ) {
+    vec3 hd = toWorld( hemisphereLights[ i ].direction );
+    irr += mix( hemisphereLights[ i ].groundColor, hemisphereLights[ i ].skyColor, 0.5 * dot( N, hd ) + 0.5 );
+    envIrr += mix( hemisphereLights[ i ].groundColor, hemisphereLights[ i ].skyColor, smoothstep( -0.3, 0.3, dot( R, hd ) ) );
+    fillIrr += hemisphereLights[ i ].skyColor + hemisphereLights[ i ].groundColor;
+  }
+#endif
+  // the scene environment's diffuse light (sky and ground of an image-based environment, which three.js
+  // feeds only to its own standard materials): irradiance at the normal, the reflection's blurred
+  // radiance, and the fill's sky + ground like the hemisphere lights' (setEnvironmentLight)
+  if (uEnvOn > 0.0) {
+    irr += shGetIrradianceAt( N, uEnvSH );
+    envIrr += shGetIrradianceAt( R, uEnvSH );
+    fillIrr += shGetIrradianceAt( vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0), uEnvSH ) + shGetIrradianceAt( vec3(0.0, -1.0, 0.0), uEnvSH );
+  }
+#if defined( USE_LIGHT_PROBES )
+  vec3 pN = ( viewMatrix * vec4( N, 0.0 ) ).xyz;
+  irr += getLightProbeIrradiance( lightProbe, pN );
+  envIrr += getLightProbeIrradiance( lightProbe, ( viewMatrix * vec4( R, 0.0 ) ).xyz );
+#endif
+  irr *= RECIPROCAL_PI; fillIrr *= RECIPROCAL_PI; envIrr *= RECIPROCAL_PI;
+  // soft camera-side fill (the "bounce card" of wildlife cinematography): lifts the side turned away
+  // from the key light so it reads as warm tan instead of mud, without flattening the lit side
+  float litFrac = gLitW > 0.0 ? gLit / gLitW : 0.0;
+  vec3 fill = fillIrr * uFill * clamp(dot(N, V) * 0.6 + 0.4, 0.0, 1.0) * (1.0 - litFrac);
+  vec3 col;
+  if (gHair > 0.5) {
+    col = alb * irr * pow(occl, 0.75) + alb * fill + gDirect;
+  } else {
+    float nv = max(dot(N, V), 0.0);
+    float gloss = (1.0 - gRough) * (1.0 - gRough);
+    vec3 envSpec = envIrr * (fresnel(gF0, nv) * gloss + gCoat * fresnel(vec3(0.04), max(dot(gNc, V), 0.0)));
+    col = (alb * irr + alb * fill) * aoAmb + gDirect + envSpec * aoAmb;
+  }
+
+#ifdef PA_DEBUG
+#if !defined(FUR_SHELL) && !defined(FUR_FIN) && !defined(FIN_MEMBRANE)
+  // 'holes': the inside of the skin seen through a gap (not the seam skirt, sunk under the other surface on purpose)
+  if (uDebug > 3.5 && !gl_FrontFacing && vCoat.w >= 0.5) col = vec3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
+#endif
+  if (uDebug > 0.5 && uDebug < 1.5) col = alb;
+  if (uDebug > 1.5 && uDebug < 2.5) col = vDbg * 0.8;
+  if (uDebug > 2.5 && uDebug < 3.5) {
+    float m = mat;
+    col = m < 0.5 ? vec3(0.8, 0.55, 0.25) : m < 1.5 ? vec3(0.9, 0.1, 0.5) : m < 2.5 ? vec3(0.15, 0.15, 0.15) : m < 3.5 ? vec3(1.0, 0.2, 0.2)
+        : m < 4.5 ? vec3(1.0, 0.7, 0.6) : m < 5.5 ? vec3(0.9, 0.9, 0.3) : m < 6.5 ? vec3(0.2, 0.8, 0.3) : m < 7.5 ? vec3(0.2, 0.6, 1.0)
+        : m < 8.5 ? vec3(0.5, 0.2, 0.9) : m < 9.5 ? vec3(0.3, 0.9, 0.9) : m < 10.5 ? vec3(0.1, 0.4, 0.9) : vec3(0.95, 0.55, 0.9);
+    col *= 0.6;
+  }
+#endif
+#ifdef FUR_SHELL
+  // the undercoat stands for what the line of sight met between the strands before it existed: looking
+  // into the coat, the deep coat (the base's dark fur, occlusion 0.32); along it, more hair at this
+  // height. So the coat keeps its tone and its dark partings, and only what lay beneath is covered.
+  if (hazeF > 0.0) {
+    float shellShade = mix(0.42, 1.08, pow(h, 0.55)) * occl;
+    float kH = mix(1.0, clamp(0.32 / max(shellShade, 1e-3), 0.3, 1.0), smoothstep(0.2, 0.7, hazeNV));
+    col *= mix(1.0, kH, hazeF);
+  }
+#endif
+  col = max(col, vec3(0.0));
+#ifdef FIN_MEMBRANE
+  alpha = gMemA;
+#endif
+  gl_FragColor = vec4(col, alpha);
+  #include <tonemapping_fragment>
+  #include <colorspace_fragment>
+  #include <fog_fragment>
+}
+`;
+
+// shadow casters: the same dual-quaternion deformation as the visible surface
+function dqsPatch(material, uniforms, key) {
+  material.onBeforeCompile = (sh) => {
+    sh.uniforms.uDQ = uniforms.uDQ;
+    sh.vertexShader = sh.vertexShader
+      .replace('#include <common>', '#include <common>\n' + DQS_GLSL + DQS_ATTR_GLSL)
+      .replace('#include <begin_vertex>', '#include <begin_vertex>\n  { vec3 dn = vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0), dt = vec3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0); dqsSkin(transformed, dn, dt); }');
+  };
+  material.customProgramCacheKey = () => key;
+  return material;
+}
+
+export function createShadowMaterials(uniforms) {
+  return {
+    depth: dqsPatch(new THREE.MeshDepthMaterial(), uniforms, 'pa-dqs-depth'),
+    distance: dqsPatch(new THREE.MeshDistanceMaterial(), uniforms, 'pa-dqs-distance'),
+  };
+}
+
+export function createCoatMaterials(uniforms) {
+  const make = (params) => {
+    const u = THREE.UniformsUtils.merge([THREE.UniformsLib.lights, THREE.UniformsLib.fog]);
+    // this animal's own uniform objects, shared by its three passes
+    Object.assign(u, uniforms);
+    return new THREE.ShaderMaterial({ uniforms: u, lights: true, fog: true, ...params });
+  };
+  // (render hint matBorders: material borders through the edge middles, see matIdFrag; off by default)
+  const mb = uniforms.uMatBorders && uniforms.uMatBorders.value > 0 ? { PA_MAT_BORDERS: 1 } : {};
+  const base = make({ vertexShader: vertex, fragmentShader: fragment, defines: { ...mb } });
+  const shells = make({ vertexShader: vertex, fragmentShader: fragment, transparent: true, depthWrite: true, defines: { FUR_SHELL: 1, ...mb } });
+  const fins = make({ vertexShader: finVertex, fragmentShader: fragment, transparent: true, depthWrite: false, side: THREE.DoubleSide, defines: { FUR_FIN: 1, ...mb } });
+  // translucent fin membranes (material 11), drawn from their own index subset (membranes.js)
+  const membrane = make({ vertexShader: vertex, fragmentShader: fragment, transparent: true, depthWrite: false, defines: { FIN_MEMBRANE: 1, ...mb } });
+  return { base, shells, fins, membrane };
+}
+
+// debug colours compile only on demand
+export function setMaterialsDebug(mats, on) {
+  for (const m of Object.values(mats)) {
+    const has = !!m.defines.PA_DEBUG;
+    if (has === on) continue;
+    if (on) m.defines.PA_DEBUG = 1;
+    else delete m.defines.PA_DEBUG;
+    m.needsUpdate = true;
+  }
+}
+
+export function makeCoatUniforms(hints = {}) {
+  const r = { ...RENDER_DEFAULTS, ...hints };
+  return {
+    uShells: { value: 28 },
+    uShellsOn: { value: 1 },
+    uUnder: { value: r.undercoat },
+    uFinFade: { value: 1 },
+    uFurScale: { value: r.shellScale },
+    uFurForce: { value: new THREE.Vector3(0, -0.15, 0) },
+    uFurRaise: { value: 0 },
+    uRaiseLen: { value: new THREE.Vector2(...r.raiseLen) },
+    uClumpLen: { value: new THREE.Vector2(...r.clumpLen) },
+    uTime: { value: 0 },
+    uStrandDensity: { value: r.strandDensity },
+    uClumpDensity: { value: r.clumpDensity },
+    uFinWidth: { value: r.finWidth },
+    uFinMask: { value: r.finMask ? 1 : 0 },
+    uFinMinLen: { value: r.finMinLen },
+    uStrandBlend: { value: r.strandBlend || 0 },
+    uMarkColor: { value: new THREE.Color(...r.markColor) },
+    uNoseRough: { value: r.noseRoughness },
+    uNoseMarks: { value: r.noseMarks ? 1 : 0 },
+    uNoseTint: { value: r.noseTint ? 1 : 0 },
+    uFill: { value: 0.45 },
+    uScaleEdge: { value: r.scaleEdge },
+    uFeatherEdge: { value: r.featherEdge },
+    uLeatherTint: { value: +r.leatherTint || 0 },
+    uLeatherRelief: { value: r.leatherRelief ?? 1 },
+    uSkinScatter: { value: new THREE.Vector4(...r.skinScatter) },
+    uSkinTrans: { value: new THREE.Vector2(...r.skinTrans) },
+    uDenticle: { value: r.denticles },
+    uEnvSH: { value: Array.from({ length: 9 }, () => new THREE.Vector3()) },
+    uEnvOn: { value: 0 },
+    uWind: { value: 0.1 },
+    uDebug: { value: 0 },
+    uForceMat: { value: -1 },
+    uFlatMat: { value: r.flatMaterial ? 1 : 0 },
+    uPaintEyes: { value: 0 },
+    uBaseTone: { value: new THREE.Vector3(1, 1, 1) },
+    uShellShadowRoot: { value: r.shellShadowRoot },
+    uShellBias: { value: new THREE.Vector2(...r.shellDepthBias) },
+    // no skirt (older bakes without data.seamSink): each surface stops at its midline
+    uSeam: { value: new THREE.Vector2(0, 0.5) },
+    // (not read by the shaders: createCoatMaterials compiles the matBorders variant when it is set)
+    uMatBorders: { value: r.matBorders ? 1 : 0 },
+    uEyes: { value: Array.from({ length: MAX_PAINTED_EYES }, () => new THREE.Vector4(0, 0, 0, 0)) },
+    uEyeTint: { value: Array.from({ length: MAX_PAINTED_EYES }, () => new THREE.Color(0.1, 0.05, 0.01)) },
+    uDQ: { value: null },
+  };
+}