zeroc-ice 3.7.9.1 → 3.8.0

data/dist/ice/cpp/src/Ice/Instance.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,1956 @@
+// Copyright (c) ZeroC, Inc.
+
+#include "Instance.h"
+#include "AddDefaultPluginFactories.h"
+#include "CheckIdentity.h"
+#include "ConnectionFactory.h"
+#include "ConsoleUtil.h"
+#include "DefaultsAndOverrides.h"
+#include "EndpointFactoryManager.h"
+#include "FileUtil.h"
+#include "IPEndpointI.h" // For EndpointHostResolver
+#include "Ice/Communicator.h"
+#include "Ice/DefaultSliceLoader.h"
+#include "Ice/Initialize.h"
+#include "Ice/LocalExceptions.h"
+#include "Ice/Locator.h"
+#include "Ice/LoggerUtil.h"
+#include "Ice/NativePropertiesAdmin.h"
+#include "Ice/ObserverHelper.h"
+#include "Ice/Properties.h"
+#include "Ice/Router.h"
+#include "Ice/StringUtil.h"
+#include "Ice/UUID.h"
+#include "InstrumentationI.h"
+#include "LocatorInfo.h"
+#include "LoggerAdminI.h"
+#include "LoggerI.h"
+#include "NetworkProxy.h"
+#include "ObjectAdapterFactory.h"
+#include "PluginManagerI.h"
+#include "ReferenceFactory.h"
+#include "RetryQueue.h"
+#include "RouterInfo.h"
+#include "SSL/SSLEngine.h"
+#include "ThreadPool.h"
+#include "TimeUtil.h"
+#include "TraceLevels.h"
+
+#include "DisableWarnings.h"
+
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <list>
+#include <mutex>
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+#    include "SSL/SchannelEngine.h"
+#elif defined(__APPLE__)
+#    include "SSL/SecureTransportEngine.h"
+#else
+#    include "SSL/OpenSSLEngine.h"
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+#    include "OSLogLoggerI.h"
+#    if TARGET_OS_IPHONE == 0
+#        include <libproc.h> // For proc_pidpath
+#    endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef _WIN32
+#    if !defined(__APPLE__) || TARGET_OS_IPHONE == 0
+#        include "SysLoggerI.h"
+#    endif
+
+#    include "SystemdJournalI.h"
+
+#    include <csignal>
+#    include <pwd.h>
+#    include <sys/types.h>
+#    include <syslog.h>
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__GLIBC__)
+#    include <grp.h> // for initgroups
+#endif
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace Ice;
+using namespace IceInternal;
+
+namespace
+{
+    mutex staticMutex;
+    bool oneOffDone = false;
+    std::list<IceInternal::Instance*>* instanceList = nullptr;
+
+#ifndef _WIN32
+    struct sigaction oldAction;
+#endif
+    bool printProcessIdDone = false;
+    string identForOpenlog;
+
+    //
+    // Should be called with staticMutex locked
+    //
+    size_t instanceCount()
+    {
+        if (instanceList == nullptr)
+        {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return instanceList->size();
+        }
+    }
+
+    string getProgramName()
+    {
+        string programName;
+#if defined(__APPLE__) && TARGET_OS_IPHONE == 0
+        vector<char> buffer(PATH_MAX);
+        int len = proc_pidpath(getpid(), buffer.data(), static_cast<uint32_t>(buffer.size()));
+        if (len > 0)
+        {
+            programName = string{buffer.data(), static_cast<size_t>(len)};
+        }
+#elif defined(__linux__)
+        vector<char> buffer(PATH_MAX);
+        ssize_t len = readlink("/proc/self/exe", buffer.data(), buffer.size());
+        if (len > 0)
+        {
+            programName = string{buffer.data(), static_cast<size_t>(len)};
+        }
+#elif defined(_WIN32)
+        vector<char> buffer(MAX_PATH);
+        DWORD len = GetModuleFileNameA(NULL, buffer.data(), static_cast<DWORD>(buffer.size()));
+        if (len > 0)
+        {
+            programName = string{buffer.data(), static_cast<size_t>(len)};
+        }
+#endif
+        size_t pos = programName.find_last_of("/\\");
+        if (pos != string::npos)
+        {
+            programName = programName.substr(pos + 1);
+        }
+        return programName;
+    }
+
+    void checkPrintStackTraces(const InitializationData& initData) noexcept
+    {
+#ifdef NDEBUG
+        // Release build
+        if (initData.properties->getIcePropertyAsInt("Ice.PrintStackTraces") > 0)
+#else
+        // Debug build
+        if (initData.properties->getPropertyAsIntWithDefault("Ice.PrintStackTraces", 1) > 0)
+#endif
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                LocalException::ice_enableStackTraceCollection();
+            }
+            catch (const std::exception& ex)
+            {
+                Warning out(initData.logger);
+                out << "Cannot enable stack trace collection:\n" << ex;
+                out << "\nYou can turn off this warning by setting Ice.PrintStackTraces=0";
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    class Init
+    {
+    public:
+        Init() noexcept
+        {
+            // Although probably not necessary here, we consistently lock
+            // staticMutex before accessing instanceList.
+            lock_guard lock(staticMutex);
+            instanceList = new std::list<IceInternal::Instance*>;
+        }
+
+        ~Init()
+        {
+            {
+                lock_guard lock(staticMutex);
+                int notDestroyedCount = 0;
+
+                for (const auto& p : *instanceList)
+                {
+                    if (!p->destroyed())
+                    {
+                        notDestroyedCount++;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (notDestroyedCount > 0)
+                {
+                    consoleErr << "!! " << timePointToDateTimeString(chrono::system_clock::now()) << " error: ";
+                    if (notDestroyedCount == 1)
+                    {
+                        consoleErr << "communicator ";
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        consoleErr << notDestroyedCount << " communicators ";
+                    }
+                    consoleErr << "not destroyed during global destruction.";
+                }
+
+                delete instanceList;
+                instanceList = nullptr;
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    Init init;
+}
+
+namespace IceInternal // Required because ObserverUpdaterI is a friend of Instance
+{
+    class ObserverUpdaterI : public Ice::Instrumentation::ObserverUpdater
+    {
+    public:
+        ObserverUpdaterI(InstancePtr);
+
+        void updateConnectionObservers() override;
+        void updateThreadObservers() override;
+
+    private:
+        const InstancePtr _instance;
+    };
+
+    //
+    // Timer specialization which supports the thread observer
+    //
+    class ThreadObserverTimer final : public IceInternal::Timer
+    {
+    public:
+        ThreadObserverTimer() : _hasObserver(false) {}
+
+        void updateObserver(const Ice::Instrumentation::CommunicatorObserverPtr&);
+
+    private:
+        void runTimerTask(const TimerTaskPtr&) final;
+
+        std::mutex _mutex;
+        std::atomic<bool> _hasObserver;
+        ObserverHelperT<Ice::Instrumentation::ThreadObserver> _observer;
+    };
+}
+
+void
+ThreadObserverTimer::updateObserver(const Ice::Instrumentation::CommunicatorObserverPtr& obsv)
+{
+    lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+    assert(obsv);
+    _observer.attach(obsv->getThreadObserver(
+        "Communicator",
+        "Ice.Timer",
+        Instrumentation::ThreadState::ThreadStateIdle,
+        _observer.get()));
+    _hasObserver.exchange(_observer);
+}
+
+void
+ThreadObserverTimer::runTimerTask(const TimerTaskPtr& task)
+{
+    if (_hasObserver)
+    {
+        Ice::Instrumentation::ThreadObserverPtr threadObserver;
+        {
+            lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+            threadObserver = _observer.get();
+        }
+        if (threadObserver)
+        {
+            threadObserver->stateChanged(
+                Instrumentation::ThreadState::ThreadStateIdle,
+                Instrumentation::ThreadState::ThreadStateInUseForOther);
+        }
+        try
+        {
+            task->runTimerTask();
+        }
+        catch (...)
+        {
+            if (threadObserver)
+            {
+                threadObserver->stateChanged(
+                    Instrumentation::ThreadState::ThreadStateInUseForOther,
+                    Instrumentation::ThreadState::ThreadStateIdle);
+            }
+            throw;
+        }
+
+        if (threadObserver)
+        {
+            threadObserver->stateChanged(
+                Instrumentation::ThreadState::ThreadStateInUseForOther,
+                Instrumentation::ThreadState::ThreadStateIdle);
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        task->runTimerTask();
+    }
+}
+
+IceInternal::ObserverUpdaterI::ObserverUpdaterI(InstancePtr instance) : _instance(std::move(instance)) {}
+
+void
+IceInternal::ObserverUpdaterI::updateConnectionObservers()
+{
+    _instance->updateConnectionObservers();
+}
+
+void
+IceInternal::ObserverUpdaterI::updateThreadObservers()
+{
+    _instance->updateThreadObservers();
+}
+
+bool
+IceInternal::Instance::destroyed() const
+{
+    lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+    return _state == StateDestroyed;
+}
+
+TraceLevelsPtr
+IceInternal::Instance::traceLevels() const
+{
+    // No mutex lock, immutable.
+    assert(_traceLevels);
+    return _traceLevels;
+}
+
+DefaultsAndOverridesPtr
+IceInternal::Instance::defaultsAndOverrides() const
+{
+    // No mutex lock, immutable.
+    assert(_defaultsAndOverrides);
+    return _defaultsAndOverrides;
+}
+
+RouterManagerPtr
+IceInternal::Instance::routerManager() const
+{
+    lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+
+    if (_state == StateDestroyed)
+    {
+        throw CommunicatorDestroyedException(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+    }
+
+    assert(_routerManager);
+    return _routerManager;
+}
+
+LocatorManagerPtr
+IceInternal::Instance::locatorManager() const
+{
+    lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+
+    if (_state == StateDestroyed)
+    {
+        throw CommunicatorDestroyedException(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+    }
+
+    assert(_locatorManager);
+    return _locatorManager;
+}
+
+ReferenceFactoryPtr
+IceInternal::Instance::referenceFactory() const
+{
+    lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+
+    if (_state == StateDestroyed)
+    {
+        throw CommunicatorDestroyedException(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+    }
+
+    assert(_referenceFactory);
+    return _referenceFactory;
+}
+
+OutgoingConnectionFactoryPtr
+IceInternal::Instance::outgoingConnectionFactory() const
+{
+    lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+
+    if (_state == StateDestroyed)
+    {
+        throw CommunicatorDestroyedException(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+    }
+
+    assert(_outgoingConnectionFactory);
+    return _outgoingConnectionFactory;
+}
+
+ObjectAdapterFactoryPtr
+IceInternal::Instance::objectAdapterFactory() const
+{
+    lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+
+    if (_state == StateDestroyed)
+    {
+        throw CommunicatorDestroyedException(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+    }
+
+    assert(_objectAdapterFactory);
+    return _objectAdapterFactory;
+}
+
+ProtocolSupport
+IceInternal::Instance::protocolSupport() const
+{
+    return _protocolSupport;
+}
+
+bool
+IceInternal::Instance::preferIPv6() const
+{
+    return _preferIPv6;
+}
+
+NetworkProxyPtr
+IceInternal::Instance::networkProxy() const
+{
+    return _networkProxy;
+}
+
+ThreadPoolPtr
+IceInternal::Instance::clientThreadPool()
+{
+    lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+
+    if (_state == StateDestroyed)
+    {
+        throw CommunicatorDestroyedException(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+    }
+
+    assert(_clientThreadPool);
+    return _clientThreadPool;
+}
+
+ThreadPoolPtr
+IceInternal::Instance::serverThreadPool()
+{
+    lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+
+    if (_state == StateDestroyed)
+    {
+        throw CommunicatorDestroyedException(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+    }
+
+    if (!_serverThreadPool) // Lazy initialization.
+    {
+        if (_state == StateDestroyInProgress)
+        {
+            throw CommunicatorDestroyedException(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+        }
+        int timeout = _initData.properties->getIcePropertyAsInt("Ice.ServerIdleTime");
+        _serverThreadPool = ThreadPool::create(shared_from_this(), "Ice.ThreadPool.Server", timeout);
+    }
+
+    return _serverThreadPool;
+}
+
+EndpointHostResolverPtr
+IceInternal::Instance::endpointHostResolver()
+{
+    lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+
+    if (_state == StateDestroyed)
+    {
+        throw CommunicatorDestroyedException(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+    }
+
+    assert(_endpointHostResolver);
+    return _endpointHostResolver;
+}
+
+RetryQueuePtr
+IceInternal::Instance::retryQueue()
+{
+    lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+
+    if (_state == StateDestroyed)
+    {
+        throw CommunicatorDestroyedException(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+    }
+
+    assert(_retryQueue);
+    return _retryQueue;
+}
+
+IceInternal::TimerPtr
+IceInternal::Instance::timer()
+{
+    lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+
+    if (_state == StateDestroyed)
+    {
+        throw CommunicatorDestroyedException(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+    }
+    assert(_timer);
+    return _timer;
+}
+
+EndpointFactoryManagerPtr
+IceInternal::Instance::endpointFactoryManager() const
+{
+    lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+
+    if (_state == StateDestroyed)
+    {
+        throw CommunicatorDestroyedException(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+    }
+
+    assert(_endpointFactoryManager);
+    return _endpointFactoryManager;
+}
+
+PluginManagerPtr
+IceInternal::Instance::pluginManager() const
+{
+    lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+
+    if (_state == StateDestroyed)
+    {
+        throw CommunicatorDestroyedException(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+    }
+
+    assert(_pluginManager);
+    return _pluginManager;
+}
+
+ConnectionOptions
+IceInternal::Instance::serverConnectionOptions(const string& adapterName) const
+{
+    assert(!adapterName.empty());
+    string propertyPrefix = adapterName + ".Connection";
+
+    const PropertiesPtr& properties = _initData.properties;
+
+    ConnectionOptions connectionOptions;
+
+    connectionOptions.connectTimeout = chrono::seconds(properties->getPropertyAsIntWithDefault(
+        propertyPrefix + ".ConnectTimeout",
+        static_cast<int>(_serverConnectionOptions.connectTimeout.count())));
+
+    connectionOptions.closeTimeout = chrono::seconds(properties->getPropertyAsIntWithDefault(
+        propertyPrefix + ".CloseTimeout",
+        static_cast<int>(_serverConnectionOptions.closeTimeout.count())));
+
+    connectionOptions.idleTimeout = chrono::seconds(properties->getPropertyAsIntWithDefault(
+        propertyPrefix + ".IdleTimeout",
+        static_cast<int>(_serverConnectionOptions.idleTimeout.count())));
+
+    connectionOptions.enableIdleCheck = properties->getPropertyAsIntWithDefault(
+                                            propertyPrefix + ".EnableIdleCheck",
+                                            _serverConnectionOptions.enableIdleCheck ? 1 : 0) > 0;
+
+    connectionOptions.inactivityTimeout = chrono::seconds(properties->getPropertyAsIntWithDefault(
+        propertyPrefix + ".InactivityTimeout",
+        static_cast<int>(_serverConnectionOptions.inactivityTimeout.count())));
+
+    connectionOptions.maxDispatches = properties->getPropertyAsIntWithDefault(
+        propertyPrefix + ".MaxDispatches",
+        _serverConnectionOptions.maxDispatches);
+
+    return connectionOptions;
+}
+
+Ice::ObjectPrx
+IceInternal::Instance::createAdmin(const ObjectAdapterPtr& adminAdapter, const Identity& adminIdentity)
+{
+    ObjectAdapterPtr adapter = adminAdapter;
+    bool createAdapter = !adminAdapter;
+
+    unique_lock lock(_mutex);
+
+    if (_state == StateDestroyed)
+    {
+        throw CommunicatorDestroyedException(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+    }
+
+    checkIdentity(adminIdentity, __FILE__, __LINE__);
+
+    if (_adminAdapter)
+    {
+        throw InitializationException(__FILE__, __LINE__, "Admin already created");
+    }
+
+    if (!_adminEnabled)
+    {
+        throw InitializationException(__FILE__, __LINE__, "Admin is disabled");
+    }
+
+    if (createAdapter)
+    {
+        if (_initData.properties->getIceProperty("Ice.Admin.Endpoints") != "")
+        {
+            adapter = _objectAdapterFactory->createObjectAdapter("Ice.Admin", nullopt, nullopt);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            throw InitializationException(__FILE__, __LINE__, "Ice.Admin.Endpoints is not set");
+        }
+    }
+
+    _adminIdentity = adminIdentity;
+    _adminAdapter = adapter;
+    addAllAdminFacets();
+    lock.unlock();
+
+    if (createAdapter)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            adapter->activate();
+        }
+        catch (...)
+        {
+            //
+            // We clean it up, even through this error is not recoverable
+            // (can't call again createAdmin after fixing the problem since all the facets
+            // in the adapter are lost)
+            //
+            adapter->destroy();
+            lock.lock();
+            _adminAdapter = nullptr;
+            throw;
+        }
+    }
+    setServerProcessProxy(adapter, adminIdentity);
+    return adapter->createProxy(adminIdentity);
+}
+
+std::optional<ObjectPrx>
+IceInternal::Instance::getAdmin()
+{
+    unique_lock lock(_mutex);
+
+    if (_state == StateDestroyed)
+    {
+        throw CommunicatorDestroyedException(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+    }
+
+    if (_adminAdapter)
+    {
+        return _adminAdapter->createProxy(_adminIdentity);
+    }
+    else if (_adminEnabled)
+    {
+        ObjectAdapterPtr adapter;
+        if (_initData.properties->getIceProperty("Ice.Admin.Endpoints") != "")
+        {
+            adapter = _objectAdapterFactory->createObjectAdapter("Ice.Admin", nullopt, nullopt);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return nullopt;
+        }
+
+        Identity adminIdentity;
+        adminIdentity.name = "admin";
+        adminIdentity.category = _initData.properties->getIceProperty("Ice.Admin.InstanceName");
+        if (adminIdentity.category.empty())
+        {
+            adminIdentity.category = Ice::generateUUID();
+        }
+
+        _adminIdentity = adminIdentity;
+        _adminAdapter = adapter;
+        addAllAdminFacets();
+        lock.unlock();
+        try
+        {
+            adapter->activate();
+        }
+        catch (...)
+        {
+            //
+            // We clean it up, even through this error is not recoverable
+            // (can't call again createAdmin after fixing the problem since all the facets
+            // in the adapter are lost)
+            //
+            adapter->destroy();
+            lock.lock();
+            _adminAdapter = nullptr;
+            throw;
+        }
+
+        setServerProcessProxy(adapter, adminIdentity);
+        return adapter->createProxy(adminIdentity);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return nullopt;
+    }
+}
+
+void
+IceInternal::Instance::addAllAdminFacets()
+{
+    // must be called with this locked
+
+    //
+    // Add all facets to OA
+    //
+    FacetMap filteredFacets;
+
+    for (const auto& adminFacet : _adminFacets)
+    {
+        if (_adminFacetFilter.empty() || _adminFacetFilter.find(adminFacet.first) != _adminFacetFilter.end())
+        {
+            _adminAdapter->addFacet(adminFacet.second, _adminIdentity, adminFacet.first);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            filteredFacets[adminFacet.first] = adminFacet.second;
+        }
+    }
+    _adminFacets.swap(filteredFacets);
+}
+
+void
+IceInternal::Instance::setServerProcessProxy(const ObjectAdapterPtr& adminAdapter, const Identity& adminIdentity)
+{
+    ObjectPrx admin = adminAdapter->createProxy(adminIdentity);
+    optional<LocatorPrx> locator = adminAdapter->getLocator();
+    const string serverId = _initData.properties->getIceProperty("Ice.Admin.ServerId");
+    if (locator && serverId != "")
+    {
+        auto process = admin->ice_facet<ProcessPrx>("Process");
+        try
+        {
+            //
+            // Note that as soon as the process proxy is registered, the communicator might be
+            // shutdown by a remote client and admin facets might start receiving calls.
+            //
+            locator->getRegistry()->setServerProcessProxy(serverId, process);
+        }
+        catch (const ServerNotFoundException&)
+        {
+            if (_traceLevels->location >= 1)
+            {
+                Trace out(_initData.logger, _traceLevels->locationCat);
+                out << "couldn't register server '" + serverId + "' with the locator registry:\n";
+                out << "the server is not known to the locator registry";
+            }
+
+            throw InitializationException(
+                __FILE__,
+                __LINE__,
+                "Locator '" + locator->ice_toString() + "' knows nothing about server '" + serverId + "'");
+        }
+        catch (const LocalException& ex)
+        {
+            if (_traceLevels->location >= 1)
+            {
+                Trace out(_initData.logger, _traceLevels->locationCat);
+                out << "couldn't register server '" + serverId + "' with the locator registry:\n" << ex;
+            }
+            throw;
+        }
+
+        if (_traceLevels->location >= 1)
+        {
+            Trace out(_initData.logger, _traceLevels->locationCat);
+            out << "registered server '" + serverId + "' with the locator registry";
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void
+IceInternal::Instance::addAdminFacet(ObjectPtr servant, string facet)
+{
+    lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+
+    if (_state == StateDestroyed)
+    {
+        throw CommunicatorDestroyedException(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+    }
+
+    if (_adminAdapter == nullptr ||
+        (!_adminFacetFilter.empty() && _adminFacetFilter.find(facet) == _adminFacetFilter.end()))
+    {
+        if (_adminFacets.insert(FacetMap::value_type(facet, servant)).second == false)
+        {
+            throw AlreadyRegisteredException(__FILE__, __LINE__, "facet", facet);
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        _adminAdapter->addFacet(std::move(servant), _adminIdentity, std::move(facet));
+    }
+}
+
+ObjectPtr
+IceInternal::Instance::removeAdminFacet(string_view facet)
+{
+    lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+
+    if (_state == StateDestroyed)
+    {
+        throw CommunicatorDestroyedException(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+    }
+
+    ObjectPtr result;
+
+    if (_adminAdapter == nullptr ||
+        (!_adminFacetFilter.empty() && _adminFacetFilter.find(facet) == _adminFacetFilter.end()))
+    {
+        auto p = _adminFacets.find(facet);
+        if (p == _adminFacets.end())
+        {
+            throw NotRegisteredException(__FILE__, __LINE__, "facet", string{facet});
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            result = p->second;
+            _adminFacets.erase(p);
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        result = _adminAdapter->removeFacet(_adminIdentity, facet);
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+ObjectPtr
+IceInternal::Instance::findAdminFacet(string_view facet)
+{
+    lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+
+    if (_state == StateDestroyed)
+    {
+        throw CommunicatorDestroyedException(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+    }
+
+    ObjectPtr result;
+
+    //
+    // If the _adminAdapter was not yet created, or this facet is filtered out, we check _adminFacets
+    //
+    if (!_adminAdapter || (!_adminFacetFilter.empty() && _adminFacetFilter.find(facet) == _adminFacetFilter.end()))
+    {
+        auto p = _adminFacets.find(facet);
+        if (p != _adminFacets.end())
+        {
+            result = p->second;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Otherwise, just check the _adminAdapter
+        result = _adminAdapter->findFacet(_adminIdentity, facet);
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+FacetMap
+IceInternal::Instance::findAllAdminFacets()
+{
+    lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+
+    if (_state == StateDestroyed)
+    {
+        throw CommunicatorDestroyedException(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+    }
+
+    if (!_adminAdapter)
+    {
+        return _adminFacets;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        FacetMap result = _adminAdapter->findAllFacets(_adminIdentity);
+        if (!_adminFacets.empty())
+        {
+            // Also returns filtered facets
+            result.insert(_adminFacets.begin(), _adminFacets.end());
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+}
+
+void
+IceInternal::Instance::setDefaultLocator(const optional<LocatorPrx>& defaultLocator)
+{
+    lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+
+    if (_state == StateDestroyed)
+    {
+        throw CommunicatorDestroyedException(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+    }
+
+    _referenceFactory = _referenceFactory->setDefaultLocator(defaultLocator);
+}
+
+void
+IceInternal::Instance::setDefaultRouter(const optional<RouterPrx>& defaultRouter)
+{
+    lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+
+    if (_state == StateDestroyed)
+    {
+        throw CommunicatorDestroyedException(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+    }
+
+    _referenceFactory = _referenceFactory->setDefaultRouter(defaultRouter);
+}
+
+void
+IceInternal::Instance::setLogger(const Ice::LoggerPtr& logger)
+{
+    //
+    // No locking, as it can only be called during plug-in loading
+    //
+    _initData.logger = logger;
+}
+
+void
+IceInternal::Instance::setThreadHook(function<void()> threadStart, function<void()> threadStop)
+{
+    _initData.threadStart = std::move(threadStart);
+    _initData.threadStop = std::move(threadStop);
+}
+namespace
+{
+    bool logStdErrConvert = true;
+}
+
+InstancePtr
+IceInternal::Instance::create(const Ice::CommunicatorPtr& communicator, Ice::InitializationData initData)
+{
+    auto instance = shared_ptr<Instance>(new Instance(std::move(initData)));
+    instance->initialize(communicator);
+    return instance;
+}
+
+IceInternal::Instance::Instance(InitializationData initData)
+    : _initData(std::move(initData)),
+      _stringConverter(Ice::getProcessStringConverter()),
+      _wstringConverter(Ice::getProcessWstringConverter()),
+      _applicationSliceLoader(make_shared<CompositeSliceLoader>())
+{
+#if defined(ICE_USE_SCHANNEL)
+    if (_initData.clientAuthenticationOptions && _initData.clientAuthenticationOptions->trustedRootCertificates)
+    {
+        CertDuplicateStore(_initData.clientAuthenticationOptions->trustedRootCertificates);
+    }
+#elif defined(ICE_USE_SECURE_TRANSPORT)
+    if (_initData.clientAuthenticationOptions && _initData.clientAuthenticationOptions->trustedRootCertificates)
+    {
+        CFRetain(_initData.clientAuthenticationOptions->trustedRootCertificates);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+void
+IceInternal::Instance::initialize(const Ice::CommunicatorPtr& communicator)
+{
+    try
+    {
+        if (!_initData.properties)
+        {
+            // Plain empty properties, in particular, no ICE_CONFIG properties.
+            _initData.properties = make_shared<Ice::Properties>();
+        }
+
+        string programName = _initData.properties->getIceProperty("Ice.ProgramName");
+
+        if (programName.empty())
+        {
+            programName = getProgramName();
+            _initData.properties->setProperty("Ice.ProgramName", programName);
+        }
+
+        {
+            lock_guard lock(staticMutex);
+            instanceList->push_back(this);
+
+            if (!oneOffDone)
+            {
+                //
+                // StdOut and StdErr redirection
+                //
+                string stdOutFilename = _initData.properties->getIceProperty("Ice.StdOut");
+                string stdErrFilename = _initData.properties->getIceProperty("Ice.StdErr");
+
+                if (stdOutFilename != "")
+                {
+                    FILE* file = IceInternal::freopen(stdOutFilename, "a", stdout);
+                    if (file == nullptr)
+                    {
+                        throw FileException(__FILE__, __LINE__, stdOutFilename);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (stdErrFilename != "")
+                {
+                    FILE* file = IceInternal::freopen(stdErrFilename, "a", stderr);
+                    if (file == nullptr)
+                    {
+                        throw FileException(__FILE__, __LINE__, stdErrFilename);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                oneOffDone = true;
+            }
+
+            if (instanceCount() == 1)
+            {
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+                WORD version = MAKEWORD(1, 1);
+                WSADATA data;
+                if (WSAStartup(version, &data) != 0)
+                {
+                    throw SocketException(__FILE__, __LINE__, getSocketErrno());
+                }
+#endif
+
+#ifndef _WIN32
+                struct sigaction action;
+                action.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
+                sigemptyset(&action.sa_mask);
+                action.sa_flags = 0;
+                sigaction(SIGPIPE, &action, &oldAction);
+                if (_initData.properties->getIcePropertyAsInt("Ice.UseSyslog") > 0)
+                {
+                    identForOpenlog = programName;
+                    if (identForOpenlog.empty())
+                    {
+                        identForOpenlog = "<Unknown Ice Program>";
+                    }
+                    openlog(identForOpenlog.c_str(), LOG_PID, LOG_USER);
+                }
+#else
+                logStdErrConvert = _initData.properties->getIcePropertyAsInt("Ice.LogStdErr.Convert") > 0 &&
+                                   _initData.properties->getIceProperty("Ice.StdErr").empty();
+#endif
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!_initData.logger)
+        {
+            string logfile = _initData.properties->getIceProperty("Ice.LogFile");
+#if !defined(_WIN32) && (!defined(__APPLE__) || TARGET_OS_IPHONE == 0)
+            if (_initData.properties->getIcePropertyAsInt("Ice.UseSyslog") > 0)
+            {
+                if (!logfile.empty())
+                {
+                    throw InitializationException(__FILE__, __LINE__, "Both syslog and file logger cannot be enabled.");
+                }
+
+                _initData.logger =
+                    make_shared<SysLoggerI>(programName, _initData.properties->getIceProperty("Ice.SyslogFacility"));
+            }
+            else
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+                if (!_initData.logger && _initData.properties->getIcePropertyAsInt("Ice.UseOSLog") > 0)
+            {
+                _initData.logger = make_shared<OSLogLoggerI>(programName);
+            }
+            else
+#endif
+
+#ifdef ICE_USE_SYSTEMD
+                if (_initData.properties->getIcePropertyAsInt("Ice.UseSystemdJournal") > 0)
+            {
+                _initData.logger = make_shared<SystemdJournalI>(programName);
+            }
+            else
+#endif
+                if (!logfile.empty())
+            {
+                int32_t sz = _initData.properties->getIcePropertyAsInt("Ice.LogFile.SizeMax");
+                if (sz < 0)
+                {
+                    sz = 0;
+                }
+                _initData.logger = make_shared<LoggerI>(programName, logfile, true, static_cast<size_t>(sz));
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                _initData.logger = getProcessLogger();
+                if (dynamic_pointer_cast<LoggerI>(_initData.logger))
+                {
+                    _initData.logger = make_shared<LoggerI>(programName, "", logStdErrConvert);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        assert(_initData.logger);
+
+        // This affects the entire process.
+        checkPrintStackTraces(_initData);
+
+        const_cast<TraceLevelsPtr&>(_traceLevels) = make_shared<TraceLevels>(_initData.properties);
+
+        const_cast<DefaultsAndOverridesPtr&>(_defaultsAndOverrides) =
+            make_shared<DefaultsAndOverrides>(_initData.properties);
+
+        const_cast<ConnectionOptions&>(_clientConnectionOptions) = readConnectionOptions("Ice.Connection.Client");
+        const_cast<ConnectionOptions&>(_serverConnectionOptions) = readConnectionOptions("Ice.Connection.Server");
+
+        // The maximum size of an Ice protocol message in bytes. This is limited to 0x7fffffff, which corresponds to
+        // the maximum value of a 32-bit signed integer (int32_t).
+        const int32_t messageSizeMaxUpperLimit = numeric_limits<int32_t>::max();
+        int32_t messageSizeMax = _initData.properties->getIcePropertyAsInt("Ice.MessageSizeMax");
+        if (messageSizeMax > messageSizeMaxUpperLimit / 1024)
+        {
+            ostringstream os;
+            os << "Ice.MessageSizeMax '" << messageSizeMax << "' is too large, it must be less than or equal to '"
+               << (messageSizeMaxUpperLimit / 1024) << "' KiB";
+            throw InitializationException{__FILE__, __LINE__, os.str()};
+        }
+        else if (messageSizeMax < 1)
+        {
+            const_cast<int32_t&>(_messageSizeMax) = messageSizeMaxUpperLimit;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // The property is specified in kibibytes (KiB); _messageSizeMax is stored in bytes.
+            const_cast<int32_t&>(_messageSizeMax) = messageSizeMax * 1024;
+        }
+
+        int32_t batchAutoFlushSize = _initData.properties->getIcePropertyAsInt("Ice.BatchAutoFlushSize");
+        if (batchAutoFlushSize > messageSizeMaxUpperLimit / 1024)
+        {
+            ostringstream os;
+            os << "Ice.BatchAutoFlushSize '" << batchAutoFlushSize
+               << "' is too large, it must be less than or equal to '" << (messageSizeMaxUpperLimit / 1024) << "' KiB";
+            throw InitializationException{__FILE__, __LINE__, os.str()};
+        }
+        else if (batchAutoFlushSize < 1)
+        {
+            const_cast<int32_t&>(_batchAutoFlushSize) = messageSizeMaxUpperLimit;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // The property is specified in kibibytes (KiB); _batchAutoFlushSize is stored in bytes.
+            const_cast<int32_t&>(_batchAutoFlushSize) = batchAutoFlushSize * 1024;
+        }
+
+        int32_t classGraphDepthMax = _initData.properties->getIcePropertyAsInt("Ice.ClassGraphDepthMax");
+        if (classGraphDepthMax < 1)
+        {
+            const_cast<int32_t&>(_classGraphDepthMax) = numeric_limits<int32_t>::max();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            const_cast<int32_t&>(_classGraphDepthMax) = classGraphDepthMax;
+        }
+
+        // Update _initData.sliceLoader.
+
+        if (_initData.sliceLoader)
+        {
+            _applicationSliceLoader->add(_initData.sliceLoader);
+        }
+
+        auto compositeSliceLoader = make_shared<CompositeSliceLoader>();
+        compositeSliceLoader->add(_applicationSliceLoader);
+        compositeSliceLoader->add(DefaultSliceLoader::instance());
+        _initData.sliceLoader = std::move(compositeSliceLoader);
+
+        string toStringModeStr = _initData.properties->getIceProperty("Ice.ToStringMode");
+        if (toStringModeStr == "ASCII")
+        {
+            const_cast<ToStringMode&>(_toStringMode) = ToStringMode::ASCII;
+        }
+        else if (toStringModeStr == "Compat")
+        {
+            const_cast<ToStringMode&>(_toStringMode) = ToStringMode::Compat;
+        }
+        else if (toStringModeStr != "Unicode")
+        {
+            throw InitializationException(
+                __FILE__,
+                __LINE__,
+                "The value for Ice.ToStringMode must be Unicode, ASCII or Compat");
+        }
+
+        const_cast<bool&>(_acceptClassCycles) = _initData.properties->getIcePropertyAsInt("Ice.AcceptClassCycles") > 0;
+
+        string implicitContextKind = _initData.properties->getIceProperty("Ice.ImplicitContext");
+        if (implicitContextKind == "Shared")
+        {
+            _implicitContextKind = ImplicitContextKind::Shared;
+            _sharedImplicitContext = std::make_shared<ImplicitContext>();
+        }
+        else if (implicitContextKind == "PerThread")
+        {
+            _implicitContextKind = ImplicitContextKind::PerThread;
+        }
+        else if (implicitContextKind == "None")
+        {
+            _implicitContextKind = ImplicitContextKind::None;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            throw Ice::InitializationException(
+                __FILE__,
+                __LINE__,
+                "'" + implicitContextKind + "' is not a valid value for Ice.ImplicitContext");
+        }
+
+        _routerManager = make_shared<RouterManager>();
+
+        _locatorManager = make_shared<LocatorManager>(_initData.properties);
+
+        _referenceFactory = make_shared<ReferenceFactory>(shared_from_this(), communicator);
+
+        const bool isIPv6Supported = IceInternal::isIPv6Supported();
+        const bool ipv4 = _initData.properties->getIcePropertyAsInt("Ice.IPv4") > 0;
+        const bool ipv6 = isIPv6Supported ? (_initData.properties->getIcePropertyAsInt("Ice.IPv6") > 0) : false;
+        if (!ipv4 && !ipv6)
+        {
+            throw InitializationException(__FILE__, __LINE__, "Both IPV4 and IPv6 support cannot be disabled.");
+        }
+        else if (ipv4 && ipv6)
+        {
+            _protocolSupport = EnableBoth;
+        }
+        else if (ipv4)
+        {
+            _protocolSupport = EnableIPv4;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            _protocolSupport = EnableIPv6;
+        }
+        _preferIPv6 = _initData.properties->getIcePropertyAsInt("Ice.PreferIPv6Address") > 0;
+
+        _networkProxy = IceInternal::createNetworkProxy(_initData.properties, _protocolSupport);
+
+        _endpointFactoryManager = make_shared<EndpointFactoryManager>(shared_from_this());
+
+        _pluginManager = make_shared<PluginManagerI>(communicator);
+
+        _outgoingConnectionFactory = make_shared<OutgoingConnectionFactory>(communicator, shared_from_this());
+
+        _objectAdapterFactory = make_shared<ObjectAdapterFactory>(shared_from_this(), communicator);
+
+        _retryQueue = make_shared<RetryQueue>(shared_from_this());
+
+        StringSeq retryValues = _initData.properties->getIcePropertyAsList("Ice.RetryIntervals");
+        if (retryValues.size() == 0)
+        {
+            _retryIntervals.push_back(0);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            for (const auto& retryValue : retryValues)
+            {
+                istringstream value(retryValue);
+
+                int v;
+                if (!(value >> v) || !value.eof())
+                {
+                    v = 0;
+                }
+
+                //
+                // If -1 is the first value, no retry and wait intervals.
+                //
+                if (v == -1 && _retryIntervals.empty())
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                _retryIntervals.push_back(v > 0 ? v : 0);
+            }
+        }
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+        _sslEngine = make_shared<Ice::SSL::Schannel::SSLEngine>(shared_from_this());
+#elif defined(__APPLE__)
+        _sslEngine = make_shared<Ice::SSL::SecureTransport::SSLEngine>(shared_from_this());
+#else
+        _sslEngine = make_shared<Ice::SSL::OpenSSL::SSLEngine>(shared_from_this());
+#endif
+        _sslEngine->initialize();
+    }
+    catch (...)
+    {
+        {
+            lock_guard lock(staticMutex);
+            instanceList->remove(this);
+        }
+        destroy();
+        throw;
+    }
+}
+
+const Ice::ImplicitContextPtr&
+IceInternal::Instance::getImplicitContext() const
+{
+    switch (_implicitContextKind)
+    {
+        case ImplicitContextKind::PerThread:
+        {
+            static thread_local std::map<const IceInternal::Instance*, ImplicitContextPtr> perThreadImplicitContextMap;
+            auto it = perThreadImplicitContextMap.find(this);
+            if (it == perThreadImplicitContextMap.end())
+            {
+                auto r = perThreadImplicitContextMap.emplace(this, std::make_shared<ImplicitContext>());
+                return r.first->second;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return it->second;
+            }
+        }
+        case ImplicitContextKind::Shared:
+        {
+            assert(_sharedImplicitContext);
+            return _sharedImplicitContext;
+        }
+        default:
+        {
+            assert(_sharedImplicitContext == nullptr);
+            assert(_implicitContextKind == ImplicitContextKind::None);
+            return _sharedImplicitContext;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+IceInternal::Instance::~Instance()
+{
+    assert(_state == StateDestroyed);
+    assert(!_referenceFactory);
+    assert(!_outgoingConnectionFactory);
+
+    assert(!_objectAdapterFactory);
+    assert(!_clientThreadPool);
+    assert(!_serverThreadPool);
+    assert(!_endpointHostResolver);
+    assert(!_endpointHostResolverThread.joinable());
+    assert(!_retryQueue);
+    assert(!_timer);
+    assert(!_routerManager);
+    assert(!_locatorManager);
+    assert(!_endpointFactoryManager);
+    assert(!_pluginManager);
+
+    // Join all the destroy threads.
+    for (auto& thread : _destroyThreads)
+    {
+        if (thread.get_id() == std::this_thread::get_id()) // completed may release the last ref-count
+        {
+            // Detach to avoid a deadlock.
+            thread.detach();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            thread.join();
+        }
+    }
+
+    lock_guard lock(staticMutex);
+    if (instanceList != nullptr)
+    {
+        instanceList->remove(this);
+    }
+    if (instanceCount() == 0)
+    {
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+        WSACleanup();
+#endif
+
+#ifndef _WIN32
+        sigaction(SIGPIPE, &oldAction, nullptr);
+
+        if (!identForOpenlog.empty())
+        {
+            closelog();
+            identForOpenlog.clear();
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+}
+
+void
+IceInternal::Instance::finishSetup(const Ice::CommunicatorPtr& communicator)
+{
+    // Load plug-ins.
+    assert(!_serverThreadPool);
+    auto pluginManagerImpl = dynamic_pointer_cast<PluginManagerI>(_pluginManager);
+    assert(pluginManagerImpl);
+
+    addDefaultPluginFactories(_initData.pluginFactories);
+    bool libraryLoaded = pluginManagerImpl->loadPlugins();
+
+    // On Windows, if we loaded any plugin and stack trace collection is enabled, we need to call
+    // ice_enableStackTraceCollection() again to refresh the module list. This refresh is fairly slow so we make it only
+    // when necessary. Extra calls to ice_enableStackTraceCollection() are no-op on other platforms.
+    if (libraryLoaded)
+    {
+        checkPrintStackTraces(_initData);
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Initialize the endpoint factories once all the plugins are loaded. This gives
+    // the opportunity for the endpoint factories to find underlying factories.
+    //
+    _endpointFactoryManager->initialize();
+
+    //
+    // Reset _stringConverter and _wstringConverter, in case a plugin changed them
+    //
+    _stringConverter = Ice::getProcessStringConverter();
+    _wstringConverter = Ice::getProcessWstringConverter();
+
+    //
+    // Create Admin facets, if enabled.
+    //
+    // Note that any logger-dependent admin facet must be created after we load all plugins,
+    // since one of these plugins can be a Logger plugin that sets a new logger during loading
+    //
+
+    if (_initData.properties->getIceProperty("Ice.Admin.Enabled") == "")
+    {
+        _adminEnabled = _initData.properties->getIceProperty("Ice.Admin.Endpoints") != "";
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        _adminEnabled = _initData.properties->getIcePropertyAsInt("Ice.Admin.Enabled") > 0;
+    }
+
+    StringSeq facetSeq = _initData.properties->getIcePropertyAsList("Ice.Admin.Facets");
+    if (!facetSeq.empty())
+    {
+        _adminFacetFilter.insert(facetSeq.begin(), facetSeq.end());
+    }
+
+    if (_adminEnabled)
+    {
+        //
+        // Process facet
+        //
+        const string processFacetName = "Process";
+        if (_adminFacetFilter.empty() || _adminFacetFilter.find(processFacetName) != _adminFacetFilter.end())
+        {
+            _adminFacets.insert(make_pair(processFacetName, make_shared<ProcessI>(communicator)));
+        }
+
+        //
+        // Logger facet
+        //
+        const string loggerFacetName = "Logger";
+        if (_adminFacetFilter.empty() || _adminFacetFilter.find(loggerFacetName) != _adminFacetFilter.end())
+        {
+            LoggerAdminLoggerPtr logger = createLoggerAdminLogger(_initData.properties, _initData.logger);
+            setLogger(logger);
+            _adminFacets.insert(make_pair(loggerFacetName, logger->getFacet()));
+        }
+
+        //
+        // Properties facet
+        //
+        const string propertiesFacetName = "Properties";
+        NativePropertiesAdminPtr propsAdmin;
+        if (_adminFacetFilter.empty() || _adminFacetFilter.find(propertiesFacetName) != _adminFacetFilter.end())
+        {
+            propsAdmin = make_shared<NativePropertiesAdmin>(_initData.properties, _initData.logger);
+            _adminFacets.insert(make_pair(propertiesFacetName, propsAdmin));
+        }
+
+        //
+        // Metrics facet
+        //
+        const string metricsFacetName = "Metrics";
+        if (_adminFacetFilter.empty() || _adminFacetFilter.find(metricsFacetName) != _adminFacetFilter.end())
+        {
+            CommunicatorObserverIPtr observer = make_shared<CommunicatorObserverI>(_initData);
+            _initData.observer = observer;
+            _adminFacets.insert(make_pair(metricsFacetName, observer->getFacet()));
+
+            //
+            // Make sure the metrics admin facet receives property updates.
+            //
+            if (propsAdmin)
+            {
+                auto metricsAdmin = observer->getFacet();
+                propsAdmin->addUpdateCallback([metricsAdmin](const PropertyDict& changes)
+                                              { metricsAdmin->updated(changes); });
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Set observer updater
+    //
+    if (_initData.observer)
+    {
+        _initData.observer->setObserverUpdater(make_shared<ObserverUpdaterI>(shared_from_this()));
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Create threads.
+    //
+    try
+    {
+        _timer = make_shared<ThreadObserverTimer>();
+    }
+    catch (const Ice::Exception& ex)
+    {
+        Error out(_initData.logger);
+        out << "cannot create thread for timer:\n" << ex;
+        throw;
+    }
+
+    try
+    {
+        _endpointHostResolver = make_shared<EndpointHostResolver>(shared_from_this());
+        _endpointHostResolverThread = std::thread([this] { _endpointHostResolver->run(); });
+    }
+    catch (const Ice::Exception& ex)
+    {
+        Error out(_initData.logger);
+        out << "cannot create thread for endpoint host resolver:\n" << ex;
+        throw;
+    }
+
+    _clientThreadPool = ThreadPool::create(shared_from_this(), "Ice.ThreadPool.Client", 0);
+
+    //
+    // The default router/locator may have been set during the loading of plugins.
+    // Therefore we make sure it is not already set before checking the property.
+    //
+    if (!_referenceFactory->getDefaultRouter())
+    {
+        auto router = communicator->propertyToProxy<RouterPrx>("Ice.Default.Router");
+        if (router)
+        {
+            _referenceFactory = _referenceFactory->setDefaultRouter(router);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!_referenceFactory->getDefaultLocator())
+    {
+        auto locator = communicator->propertyToProxy<LocatorPrx>("Ice.Default.Locator");
+        if (locator)
+        {
+            _referenceFactory = _referenceFactory->setDefaultLocator(locator);
+        }
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Show process id if requested (but only once).
+    //
+    bool printProcessId = false;
+    if (!printProcessIdDone && _initData.properties->getIcePropertyAsInt("Ice.PrintProcessId") > 0)
+    {
+        //
+        // Safe double-check locking (no dependent variable!)
+        //
+        lock_guard lock(staticMutex);
+        printProcessId = !printProcessIdDone;
+
+        //
+        // We anticipate: we want to print it once, and we don't care when.
+        //
+        printProcessIdDone = true;
+    }
+
+    if (printProcessId)
+    {
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+        consoleOut << GetCurrentProcessId() << endl;
+#else
+        consoleOut << getpid() << endl;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Server thread pool initialization is lazy in serverThreadPool().
+    //
+
+    //
+    // An application can set Ice.InitPlugins=0 if it wants to postpone
+    // initialization until after it has interacted directly with the
+    // plug-ins.
+    //
+    if (_initData.properties->getIcePropertyAsInt("Ice.InitPlugins") > 0)
+    {
+        pluginManagerImpl->initializePlugins();
+    }
+
+    //
+    // This must be done last as this call creates the Ice.Admin object adapter
+    // and eventually register a process proxy with the Ice locator (allowing
+    // remote clients to invoke Admin facets as soon as it's registered).
+    //
+    // Note: getAdmin here can return 0 and do nothing in the event the
+    // application set Ice.Admin.Enabled but did not set Ice.Admin.Endpoints
+    // and one or more of the properties required to create the Admin object.
+    //
+    if (_adminEnabled && _initData.properties->getIcePropertyAsInt("Ice.Admin.DelayCreation") <= 0)
+    {
+        getAdmin();
+    }
+}
+
+void
+IceInternal::Instance::destroy() noexcept
+{
+    {
+        unique_lock lock(_mutex);
+
+        //
+        // If destroy is in progress, wait for it to be done. This is
+        // necessary in case destroy() is called concurrently by
+        // multiple threads.
+        //
+        _conditionVariable.wait(lock, [this] { return _state != StateDestroyInProgress; });
+
+        if (_state == StateDestroyed)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+        _state = StateDestroyInProgress;
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Shutdown and destroy all the incoming and outgoing Ice
+    // connections and wait for the connections to be finished.
+    //
+    if (_objectAdapterFactory)
+    {
+        _objectAdapterFactory->shutdown();
+    }
+
+    if (_outgoingConnectionFactory)
+    {
+        _outgoingConnectionFactory->destroy();
+    }
+
+    if (_objectAdapterFactory)
+    {
+        _objectAdapterFactory->destroy();
+    }
+
+    if (_outgoingConnectionFactory)
+    {
+        _outgoingConnectionFactory->waitUntilFinished();
+    }
+
+    if (_retryQueue)
+    {
+        _retryQueue->destroy(); // Must be called before destroying thread pools.
+    }
+
+    if (_initData.observer)
+    {
+        CommunicatorObserverIPtr observer = dynamic_pointer_cast<CommunicatorObserverI>(_initData.observer);
+        if (observer)
+        {
+            observer->destroy(); // Break cyclic reference counts. Don't clear _observer, it's immutable.
+        }
+        _initData.observer->setObserverUpdater(nullptr); // Break cyclic reference count.
+    }
+
+#if defined(ICE_USE_SCHANNEL)
+    if (_initData.clientAuthenticationOptions && _initData.clientAuthenticationOptions->trustedRootCertificates)
+    {
+        CertCloseStore(_initData.clientAuthenticationOptions->trustedRootCertificates, 0);
+        const_cast<Ice::InitializationData&>(_initData).clientAuthenticationOptions = nullopt;
+    }
+#elif defined(ICE_USE_SECURE_TRANSPORT)
+    if (_initData.clientAuthenticationOptions && _initData.clientAuthenticationOptions->trustedRootCertificates)
+    {
+        CFRelease(_initData.clientAuthenticationOptions->trustedRootCertificates);
+        const_cast<Ice::InitializationData&>(_initData).clientAuthenticationOptions = nullopt;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    LoggerAdminLoggerPtr logger = dynamic_pointer_cast<LoggerAdminLogger>(_initData.logger);
+    if (logger)
+    {
+        // This only disables the remote logging; we don't set or reset _initData.logger
+        logger->detach();
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Now, destroy the thread pools. This must be done *only* after
+    // all the connections are finished (the connections destruction
+    // can require invoking callbacks with the thread pools).
+    //
+    if (_serverThreadPool)
+    {
+        _serverThreadPool->destroy();
+    }
+    if (_clientThreadPool)
+    {
+        _clientThreadPool->destroy();
+    }
+    if (_endpointHostResolver)
+    {
+        _endpointHostResolver->destroy();
+    }
+    if (_timer)
+    {
+        _timer->destroy();
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Wait for all the threads to be finished.
+    //
+    if (_clientThreadPool)
+    {
+        _clientThreadPool->joinWithAllThreads();
+    }
+    if (_serverThreadPool)
+    {
+        _serverThreadPool->joinWithAllThreads();
+    }
+    if (_endpointHostResolverThread.joinable())
+    {
+        _endpointHostResolverThread.join();
+    }
+
+    if (_routerManager)
+    {
+        _routerManager->destroy();
+    }
+
+    if (_locatorManager)
+    {
+        _locatorManager->destroy();
+    }
+
+    if (_initData.properties->getIcePropertyAsInt("Ice.Warn.UnusedProperties") > 0)
+    {
+        set<string> unusedProperties = _initData.properties.get()->getUnusedProperties();
+        if (unusedProperties.size() != 0)
+        {
+            Warning out(_initData.logger);
+            out << "The following properties were set but never read:";
+            for (const auto& unusedProp : unusedProperties)
+            {
+                out << "\n    " << unusedProp;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Destroy last so that a Logger plugin can receive all log/traces before its destruction.
+    //
+    if (_pluginManager)
+    {
+        _pluginManager->destroy();
+    }
+
+    {
+        lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+
+        _objectAdapterFactory = nullptr;
+        _outgoingConnectionFactory = nullptr;
+        _retryQueue = nullptr;
+
+        _serverThreadPool = nullptr;
+        _clientThreadPool = nullptr;
+        _endpointHostResolver = nullptr;
+        _timer = nullptr;
+
+        _referenceFactory = nullptr;
+        _routerManager = nullptr;
+        _locatorManager = nullptr;
+        _endpointFactoryManager = nullptr;
+        _pluginManager = nullptr;
+
+        _adminAdapter = nullptr;
+        _adminFacets.clear();
+
+        _sslEngine = nullptr;
+
+        _state = StateDestroyed;
+        _conditionVariable.notify_all();
+    }
+}
+
+void
+IceInternal::Instance::destroyAsync(function<void()> completed) noexcept
+{
+    assert(completed); // the caller (Communicator) makes sure completed is callable.
+
+    bool executeCallback = false;
+    {
+        lock_guard lock(_mutex);
+        if (_state == StateDestroyed)
+        {
+            executeCallback = true; // execute outside the lock
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // Start a thread that calls destroy() and then executes the callback.
+            // We join these threads in the destructor. It's important to capture this and not shared_from_this() here.
+            _destroyThreads.emplace_back(
+                [this, completed = std::move(completed)]()
+                {
+                    this->destroy();
+                    completed();
+                });
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (executeCallback)
+    {
+        completed();
+    }
+}
+
+void
+IceInternal::Instance::updateConnectionObservers()
+{
+    try
+    {
+        assert(_outgoingConnectionFactory);
+        _outgoingConnectionFactory->updateConnectionObservers();
+        assert(_objectAdapterFactory);
+        _objectAdapterFactory->updateObservers(&ObjectAdapterI::updateConnectionObservers);
+    }
+    catch (const Ice::CommunicatorDestroyedException&)
+    {
+    }
+}
+
+void
+IceInternal::Instance::updateThreadObservers()
+{
+    try
+    {
+        if (_clientThreadPool)
+        {
+            _clientThreadPool->updateObservers();
+        }
+        if (_serverThreadPool)
+        {
+            _serverThreadPool->updateObservers();
+        }
+        assert(_objectAdapterFactory);
+        _objectAdapterFactory->updateObservers(&ObjectAdapterI::updateThreadObservers);
+        if (_endpointHostResolver)
+        {
+            _endpointHostResolver->updateObserver();
+        }
+        if (_timer)
+        {
+            _timer->updateObserver(_initData.observer);
+        }
+    }
+    catch (const Ice::CommunicatorDestroyedException&)
+    {
+    }
+}
+
+BufSizeWarnInfo
+IceInternal::Instance::getBufSizeWarn(int16_t type)
+{
+    lock_guard lock(_setBufSizeWarnMutex);
+
+    return getBufSizeWarnInternal(type);
+}
+
+BufSizeWarnInfo
+IceInternal::Instance::getBufSizeWarnInternal(int16_t type)
+{
+    BufSizeWarnInfo info;
+    auto p = _setBufSizeWarn.find(type);
+    if (p == _setBufSizeWarn.end())
+    {
+        info.sndWarn = false;
+        info.sndSize = -1;
+        info.rcvWarn = false;
+        info.rcvSize = -1;
+        _setBufSizeWarn.insert(make_pair(type, info));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        info = p->second;
+    }
+    return info;
+}
+
+ConnectionOptions
+IceInternal::Instance::readConnectionOptions(const string& propertyPrefix) const
+{
+    const PropertiesPtr& properties = _initData.properties;
+    ConnectionOptions connectionOptions;
+
+    connectionOptions.connectTimeout =
+        chrono::seconds(properties->getIcePropertyAsInt(propertyPrefix + ".ConnectTimeout"));
+
+    connectionOptions.closeTimeout = chrono::seconds(properties->getIcePropertyAsInt(propertyPrefix + ".CloseTimeout"));
+    connectionOptions.idleTimeout = chrono::seconds(properties->getIcePropertyAsInt(propertyPrefix + ".IdleTimeout"));
+    connectionOptions.enableIdleCheck = properties->getIcePropertyAsInt(propertyPrefix + ".EnableIdleCheck") > 0;
+
+    connectionOptions.inactivityTimeout =
+        chrono::seconds(properties->getIcePropertyAsInt(propertyPrefix + ".InactivityTimeout"));
+
+    connectionOptions.maxDispatches = properties->getIcePropertyAsInt(propertyPrefix + ".MaxDispatches");
+
+    return connectionOptions;
+}
+
+void
+IceInternal::Instance::setSndBufSizeWarn(int16_t type, int size)
+{
+    lock_guard lock(_setBufSizeWarnMutex);
+
+    BufSizeWarnInfo info = getBufSizeWarnInternal(type);
+    info.sndWarn = true;
+    info.sndSize = size;
+    _setBufSizeWarn[type] = info;
+}
+
+void
+IceInternal::Instance::setRcvBufSizeWarn(int16_t type, int size)
+{
+    lock_guard lock(_setBufSizeWarnMutex);
+
+    BufSizeWarnInfo info = getBufSizeWarnInternal(type);
+    info.rcvWarn = true;
+    info.rcvSize = size;
+    _setBufSizeWarn[type] = info;
+}
+
+IceInternal::ProcessI::ProcessI(CommunicatorPtr communicator) : _communicator(std::move(communicator)) {}
+
+void
+IceInternal::ProcessI::shutdown(const Current&)
+{
+    _communicator->shutdown();
+}
+
+void
+IceInternal::ProcessI::writeMessage(string message, int32_t fd, const Current&)
+{
+    switch (fd)
+    {
+        case 1:
+        {
+            consoleOut << message << endl;
+            break;
+        }
+        case 2:
+        {
+            consoleErr << message << endl;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}