zeroc-ice 3.7.9.1 → 3.8.0

data/dist/ice/cpp/src/Ice/SSL/SchannelTransceiverI.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,1085 @@
+// Copyright (c) ZeroC, Inc.
+
+#include "SchannelTransceiverI.h"
+#include "Ice/Buffer.h"
+#include "Ice/Communicator.h"
+#include "Ice/LocalExceptions.h"
+#include "Ice/LoggerUtil.h"
+#include "Ice/SSL/ConnectionInfo.h"
+#include "Ice/StringUtil.h"
+#include "SSLInstance.h"
+#include "SSLUtil.h"
+#include "SchannelEngine.h"
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace Ice;
+using namespace Ice::SSL;
+
+namespace
+{
+    string tlsProtocolVersionToString(DWORD protocol)
+    {
+        switch (protocol)
+        {
+            // TLS 1.1 (RFC 4346) => 0x03,0x02
+            case 0x302:
+                return "TLSv1.1";
+
+            // TLS 1.2 (RFC 5246) => 0x03,0x03
+            case 0x303:
+                return "TLSv1.2";
+
+            // TLS 1.3 (RFC 8446) => 0x03,0x04
+            case 0x304:
+                return "TLSv1.3";
+
+            default:
+            {
+                ostringstream os;
+                os << "unknown: 0x" << setfill('0') << setw(2) << std::hex << protocol;
+                return os.str();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    SecBuffer* getSecBufferWithType(const SecBufferDesc& desc, ULONG bufferType)
+    {
+        for (ULONG i = 0; i < desc.cBuffers; ++i)
+        {
+            if (desc.pBuffers[i].BufferType == bufferType)
+            {
+                return &desc.pBuffers[i];
+            }
+        }
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    HCERTCHAINENGINE defaultChainEngine(HCERTSTORE trustedRootCertificates)
+    {
+        if (trustedRootCertificates)
+        {
+            // Create a chain engine that uses our Trusted Root Store
+            CERT_CHAIN_ENGINE_CONFIG config{
+                .cbSize = sizeof(CERT_CHAIN_ENGINE_CONFIG),
+                .hExclusiveRoot = trustedRootCertificates};
+
+            HCERTCHAINENGINE chainEngine = nullptr;
+            if (!CertCreateCertificateChainEngine(&config, &chainEngine))
+            {
+                throw InitializationException(
+                    __FILE__,
+                    __LINE__,
+                    "SSL transport: error creating certificate chain engine:\n" + IceInternal::lastErrorToString());
+            }
+            return chainEngine;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return HCCE_CURRENT_USER;
+        }
+    }
+
+    SCH_CREDENTIALS defaultOutgoingCredentials(const string&)
+    {
+        return SCH_CREDENTIALS{
+            .dwVersion = SCH_CREDENTIALS_VERSION,
+            .dwFlags = SCH_CRED_NO_DEFAULT_CREDS | SCH_CRED_NO_SERVERNAME_CHECK | SCH_USE_STRONG_CRYPTO};
+    }
+
+    SCH_CREDENTIALS defaultIncomingCredentials(const string&)
+    {
+        return SCH_CREDENTIALS{
+            .dwVersion = SCH_CREDENTIALS_VERSION,
+            // Don't set SCH_SEND_ROOT_CERT as it seems to cause problems with Java certificate validation and
+            // Schannel doesn't seems to send the root certificate either way.
+            .dwFlags = SCH_CRED_NO_SYSTEM_MAPPER | SCH_USE_STRONG_CRYPTO};
+    }
+}
+
+IceInternal::NativeInfoPtr
+Schannel::TransceiverI::getNativeInfo()
+{
+    return _delegate->getNativeInfo();
+}
+
+IceInternal::SocketOperation
+Schannel::TransceiverI::sslHandshake(SecBuffer* initialBuffer)
+{
+    DWORD flags = 0;
+    if (_incoming)
+    {
+        flags |= ASC_REQ_SEQUENCE_DETECT | ASC_REQ_REPLAY_DETECT | ASC_REQ_CONFIDENTIALITY | ASC_REQ_ALLOCATE_MEMORY |
+                 ASC_REQ_STREAM | ASC_REQ_EXTENDED_ERROR;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        flags |= ISC_REQ_SEQUENCE_DETECT | ISC_REQ_REPLAY_DETECT | ISC_REQ_CONFIDENTIALITY | ISC_REQ_ALLOCATE_MEMORY |
+                 ISC_REQ_STREAM | ISC_REQ_USE_SUPPLIED_CREDS | ISC_RET_EXTENDED_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    SECURITY_STATUS err = SEC_E_OK;
+    if (_state == StateHandshakeNotStarted)
+    {
+        assert(!initialBuffer); // Always null for the initial handshake.
+        _credentials = _localCredentialsSelectionCallback(_incoming ? _adapterName : _host);
+        if (_rootStore && !_credentials.hRootStore)
+        {
+            _credentials.hRootStore = CertDuplicateStore(_rootStore);
+        }
+
+        if (_credentials.cCreds > 0)
+        {
+            for (DWORD i = 0; i < _credentials.cCreds; ++i)
+            {
+                if (!_credentials.paCred[i])
+                {
+                    throw SecurityException(
+                        __FILE__,
+                        __LINE__,
+                        "SSL transport: invalid null certificate in the provided SCH_CREDENTIALS.");
+                }
+                _allCerts.push_back(CertDuplicateCertificateContext(_credentials.paCred[i]));
+            }
+            _credentials.paCred = &_allCerts[0];
+        }
+
+        _credentials.hRootStore = _rootStore;
+
+        err = AcquireCredentialsHandle(
+            0,
+            const_cast<char*>(UNISP_NAME),
+            (_incoming ? SECPKG_CRED_INBOUND : SECPKG_CRED_OUTBOUND),
+            0,
+            &_credentials,
+            0,
+            0,
+            &_credentialsHandle,
+            0);
+
+        if (err != SEC_E_OK)
+        {
+            throw SecurityException(
+                __FILE__,
+                __LINE__,
+                "SSL transport: failed to acquire credentials handle:\n" + IceInternal::lastErrorToString());
+        }
+
+        _ctxFlags = 0;
+        _readBuffer.b.resize(2048);
+        _readBuffer.i = _readBuffer.b.begin();
+
+        if (_incoming)
+        {
+            _state = StateHandshakeReadContinue;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            SecBuffer outBuffer = {0, SECBUFFER_TOKEN, 0};
+            SecBufferDesc outBufferDesc = {SECBUFFER_VERSION, 1, &outBuffer};
+
+            err = InitializeSecurityContext(
+                &_credentialsHandle,
+                0,
+                const_cast<char*>(_host.c_str()),
+                _remoteCertificateValidationCallback ? flags | ISC_REQ_MANUAL_CRED_VALIDATION : flags,
+                0,
+                0,
+                0,
+                0,
+                &_ssl,
+                &outBufferDesc,
+                &_ctxFlags,
+                0);
+            if (err != SEC_E_OK && err != SEC_I_CONTINUE_NEEDED)
+            {
+                ostringstream os;
+                os << "SSL transport: handshake failure:\n" << IceInternal::errorToString(err);
+                throw SecurityException(__FILE__, __LINE__, os.str());
+            }
+
+            if (_sslNewSessionCallback)
+            {
+                _sslNewSessionCallback(_ssl, _host);
+            }
+
+            //
+            // Copy the data to the write buffer
+            //
+            _writeBuffer.b.resize(outBuffer.cbBuffer);
+            _writeBuffer.i = _writeBuffer.b.begin();
+            memcpy(_writeBuffer.i, outBuffer.pvBuffer, outBuffer.cbBuffer);
+            FreeContextBuffer(outBuffer.pvBuffer);
+
+            _state = StateHandshakeWriteContinue;
+        }
+    }
+
+    while (true)
+    {
+        if (_state == StateHandshakeReadContinue)
+        {
+            SecBuffer inBuffers[2]{{0, SECBUFFER_EMPTY, 0}, {0, SECBUFFER_EMPTY, 0}};
+            SecBufferDesc inBufferDesc{SECBUFFER_VERSION, 2, inBuffers};
+
+            if (initialBuffer)
+            {
+                inBuffers[0] = {initialBuffer->cbBuffer, SECBUFFER_TOKEN, initialBuffer->pvBuffer};
+                initialBuffer = nullptr;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // If read buffer is empty, try to read some data.
+                if (_readBuffer.i == _readBuffer.b.begin() && !readRaw(_readBuffer))
+                {
+                    return IceInternal::SocketOperationRead;
+                }
+
+                inBuffers[0] = {
+                    static_cast<DWORD>(_readBuffer.i - _readBuffer.b.begin()),
+                    SECBUFFER_TOKEN,
+                    _readBuffer.b.begin()};
+            }
+
+            SecBuffer outBuffers[2]{{0, SECBUFFER_TOKEN, 0}, {0, SECBUFFER_ALERT, 0}};
+            SecBufferDesc outBufferDesc{SECBUFFER_VERSION, 2, outBuffers};
+
+            if (_incoming)
+            {
+                bool newSession = _ssl.dwLower == 0 && _ssl.dwUpper == 0;
+                err = AcceptSecurityContext(
+                    &_credentialsHandle,
+                    newSession ? 0 : &_ssl,
+                    &inBufferDesc,
+                    _clientCertificateRequired ? flags | ASC_REQ_MUTUAL_AUTH : flags,
+                    0,
+                    &_ssl,
+                    &outBufferDesc,
+                    &_ctxFlags,
+                    0);
+
+                if (newSession && _sslNewSessionCallback)
+                {
+                    _sslNewSessionCallback(_ssl, _host);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                err = InitializeSecurityContext(
+                    &_credentialsHandle,
+                    &_ssl,
+                    const_cast<char*>(_host.c_str()),
+                    flags,
+                    0,
+                    0,
+                    &inBufferDesc,
+                    0,
+                    0,
+                    &outBufferDesc,
+                    &_ctxFlags,
+                    0);
+            }
+
+            // If the message is incomplete we need to read more data.
+            if (err == SEC_E_INCOMPLETE_MESSAGE)
+            {
+                SecBuffer* missing = getSecBufferWithType(inBufferDesc, SECBUFFER_MISSING);
+                size_t pos = _readBuffer.i - _readBuffer.b.begin();
+                _readBuffer.b.resize((missing && missing->cbBuffer > 0) ? (pos + missing->cbBuffer) : (pos * 2));
+                _readBuffer.i = _readBuffer.b.begin() + pos;
+                return IceInternal::SocketOperationRead;
+            }
+            else if (err != SEC_I_CONTINUE_NEEDED && err != SEC_E_OK)
+            {
+                ostringstream os;
+                os << "SSL handshake failure:\n" << IceInternal::errorToString(err);
+                throw SecurityException(__FILE__, __LINE__, os.str());
+            }
+
+            // Copy out security tokens to the write buffer if any.
+            SecBuffer* token = getSecBufferWithType(outBufferDesc, SECBUFFER_TOKEN);
+            assert(token);
+            if (token->cbBuffer)
+            {
+                _writeBuffer.b.resize(static_cast<size_t>(token->cbBuffer));
+                _writeBuffer.i = _writeBuffer.b.begin();
+                memcpy(_writeBuffer.i, token->pvBuffer, token->cbBuffer);
+                FreeContextBuffer(token->pvBuffer);
+            }
+
+            // Check for remaining data in the input buffer.
+            SecBuffer* extra = getSecBufferWithType(inBufferDesc, SECBUFFER_EXTRA);
+            if (extra)
+            {
+                // Shift the extra data to the start of the input buffer
+                memmove(_readBuffer.b.begin(), _readBuffer.i - extra->cbBuffer, extra->cbBuffer);
+                _readBuffer.i = _readBuffer.b.begin() + extra->cbBuffer;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                _readBuffer.i = _readBuffer.b.begin();
+            }
+
+            if (token->cbBuffer)
+            {
+                if (err == SEC_E_OK)
+                {
+                    _state = StateHandshakeWriteNoContinue; // Write and don't continue.
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    _state = StateHandshakeWriteContinue; // Continue writing if we have a token.
+                }
+            }
+            else if (err == SEC_E_OK)
+            {
+                break; // We're done.
+            }
+
+            // Otherwise continue either reading credentials
+        }
+
+        if (_state == StateHandshakeWriteContinue || _state == StateHandshakeWriteNoContinue)
+        {
+            //
+            // Write any pending data.
+            //
+            if (!writeRaw(_writeBuffer))
+            {
+                return IceInternal::SocketOperationWrite;
+            }
+            if (_state == StateHandshakeWriteNoContinue)
+            {
+                break; // Token is written and we weren't told to continue, so we're done!
+            }
+            _state = StateHandshakeReadContinue;
+        }
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Check if the requested capabilities are met.
+    //
+    // NOTE: it's important for _ctxFlags to be a data member. The context flags might not be checked immediately
+    // if the last write can't complete without blocking above. In such a case, the context flags are checked here
+    // only once the sslHandshake is called again after the write completes.
+    //
+    if (flags != _ctxFlags)
+    {
+        ostringstream os;
+        if (_incoming)
+        {
+            if (!(_ctxFlags & ASC_REQ_SEQUENCE_DETECT))
+            {
+                os << "\n - SSL transport: Schannel failed to setup sequence detect";
+            }
+
+            if (!(_ctxFlags & ASC_REQ_REPLAY_DETECT))
+            {
+                os << "\n - SSL transport: Schannel failed to setup replay detect";
+            }
+
+            if (!(_ctxFlags & ASC_REQ_CONFIDENTIALITY))
+            {
+                os << "\n - SSL transport: Schannel failed to setup confidentiality";
+            }
+
+            if (!(_ctxFlags & ASC_REQ_EXTENDED_ERROR))
+            {
+                os << "\n - SSL transport: Schannel failed to setup extended error";
+            }
+
+            if (!(_ctxFlags & ASC_REQ_ALLOCATE_MEMORY))
+            {
+                os << "\n - SSL transport: Schannel failed to setup memory allocation";
+            }
+
+            if (!(_ctxFlags & ASC_REQ_STREAM))
+            {
+                os << "\n - SSL transport: Schannel failed to setup stream";
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (!(_ctxFlags & ISC_REQ_SEQUENCE_DETECT))
+            {
+                os << "\n - SSL transport: Schannel failed to setup sequence detect";
+            }
+
+            if (!(_ctxFlags & ISC_REQ_REPLAY_DETECT))
+            {
+                os << "\n - SSL transport: Schannel failed to setup replay detect";
+            }
+
+            if (!(_ctxFlags & ISC_REQ_CONFIDENTIALITY))
+            {
+                os << "\n - SSL transport: Schannel failed to setup confidentiality";
+            }
+
+            if (!(_ctxFlags & ISC_REQ_EXTENDED_ERROR))
+            {
+                os << "\n - SSL transport: Schannel failed to setup extended error";
+            }
+
+            if (!(_ctxFlags & ISC_REQ_ALLOCATE_MEMORY))
+            {
+                os << "\n - SSL transport: Schannel failed to setup memory allocation";
+            }
+
+            if (!(_ctxFlags & ISC_REQ_STREAM))
+            {
+                os << "\n - SSL transport: Schannel failed to setup stream";
+            }
+        }
+        throw SecurityException(__FILE__, __LINE__, os.str());
+    }
+
+    err = QueryContextAttributes(&_ssl, SECPKG_ATTR_STREAM_SIZES, &_sizes);
+    if (err != SEC_E_OK)
+    {
+        ostringstream os;
+        os << "SSL transport: failure to query stream sizes attributes:\n" << IceInternal::errorToString(err);
+        throw SecurityException(__FILE__, __LINE__, os.str());
+    }
+
+    assert(!_peerCertificate || _sslConnectionRenegotiating);
+    if (_peerCertificate)
+    {
+        CertFreeCertificateContext(_peerCertificate);
+        _peerCertificate = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    err = QueryContextAttributes(&_ssl, SECPKG_ATTR_REMOTE_CERT_CONTEXT, &_peerCertificate);
+    if (err != SEC_E_OK && err != SEC_E_NO_CREDENTIALS)
+    {
+        ostringstream os;
+        os << "SSL transport: failure to query remote certificate context:\n" << IceInternal::errorToString(err);
+        throw SecurityException(__FILE__, __LINE__, os.str());
+    }
+
+    size_t pos = _readBuffer.i - _readBuffer.b.begin();
+    if (pos <= (_sizes.cbHeader + _sizes.cbMaximumMessage + _sizes.cbTrailer))
+    {
+        _readBuffer.b.resize(_sizes.cbHeader + _sizes.cbMaximumMessage + _sizes.cbTrailer);
+        _readBuffer.i = _readBuffer.b.begin() + pos;
+    }
+
+    _writeBuffer.b.reset();
+    _writeBuffer.i = _writeBuffer.b.begin();
+
+    if (_remoteCertificateValidationCallback &&
+        !_remoteCertificateValidationCallback(
+            _ssl,
+            dynamic_pointer_cast<Ice::SSL::ConnectionInfo>(getInfo(_incoming, _adapterName, ""))))
+    {
+        throw SecurityException(
+            __FILE__,
+            __LINE__,
+            "IceSSL: certificate verification failed. The certificate was rejected by the remote validation callback.");
+    }
+
+    if (_engine->securityTraceLevel() >= 1)
+    {
+        Trace out(_instance->logger(), _engine->securityTraceCategory());
+        out << "SSL summary for " << (_incoming ? "incoming" : "outgoing") << " connection\n";
+
+        SecPkgContext_CipherInfo cipherInfo{};
+        err = QueryContextAttributes(&_ssl, SECPKG_ATTR_CIPHER_INFO, &cipherInfo);
+        if (err != SEC_E_OK)
+        {
+            out << "unknown cipher\n";
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            out << "cipher = " << wstringToString(wstring{cipherInfo.szCipherSuite}, getProcessStringConverter())
+                << "\n";
+            out << "bits = " << cipherInfo.dwCipherLen << "\n";
+            out << "protocol = " << tlsProtocolVersionToString(cipherInfo.dwProtocol) << "\n";
+        }
+        out << toString();
+    }
+
+    _state = StateHandshakeComplete;
+
+    _delegate->getNativeInfo()->ready(
+        IceInternal::SocketOperationRead,
+        !_readUnprocessed.b.empty() || _readBuffer.i != _readBuffer.b.begin());
+
+    return IceInternal::SocketOperationNone;
+}
+
+// Try to decrypt a message and return the number of bytes decrypted, if the number of bytes decrypted is less than the
+// size requested it means that the application needs to read more data before it can decrypt the complete message.
+size_t
+Schannel::TransceiverI::decryptMessage(IceInternal::Buffer& buffer)
+{
+    assert(_readBuffer.i != _readBuffer.b.begin() || !_readUnprocessed.b.empty());
+
+    std::byte* i = buffer.i;
+
+    // The number of bytes of the current message that are already decrypted.
+    size_t length = std::min(static_cast<size_t>(buffer.b.end() - buffer.i), _readUnprocessed.b.size());
+    if (length > 0)
+    {
+        memcpy(buffer.i, _readUnprocessed.b.begin(), length);
+        i += length;
+        // Move any remaining data to the beginning of the unprocessed buffer.
+        size_t remaining = _readUnprocessed.b.size() - length;
+        memmove(_readUnprocessed.b.begin(), _readUnprocessed.b.begin() + length, remaining);
+        _readUnprocessed.b.resize(remaining);
+    }
+
+    while (i != buffer.b.end() && _readBuffer.i != _readBuffer.b.begin())
+    {
+        // Try to decrypt the buffered data.
+        SecBuffer inBuffers[4]{
+            {static_cast<DWORD>(_readBuffer.i - _readBuffer.b.begin()), SECBUFFER_DATA, _readBuffer.b.begin()},
+            {0, SECBUFFER_EMPTY, 0},
+            {0, SECBUFFER_EMPTY, 0},
+            {0, SECBUFFER_EMPTY, 0}};
+        SecBufferDesc inBufferDesc{SECBUFFER_VERSION, 4, inBuffers};
+
+        SECURITY_STATUS err = DecryptMessage(&_ssl, &inBufferDesc, 0, nullptr);
+        if (err == SEC_E_INCOMPLETE_MESSAGE)
+        {
+            // There isn't enough data to decrypt the message. The input buffer is resized to the SSL max message size
+            // after the SSL handshake completes so an incomplete message can only occur if the read buffer is not full.
+            assert(_readBuffer.i != _readBuffer.b.end());
+            return i - buffer.i;
+        }
+        else if (err == SEC_I_RENEGOTIATE)
+        {
+            if (_sslConnectionRenegotiating)
+            {
+                throw ProtocolException(
+                    __FILE__,
+                    __LINE__,
+                    "SSL transport: peer requested renegotiation while we are already renegotiating.");
+            }
+            // The peer has requested a renegotiation.
+            SecBuffer* extraBuffer = getSecBufferWithType(inBufferDesc, SECBUFFER_EXTRA);
+            _sslConnectionRenegotiating = true;
+            _state = StateHandshakeReadContinue;
+            if (extraBuffer)
+            {
+                _extraBuffer.b.resize(extraBuffer->cbBuffer);
+                _extraBuffer.i = _extraBuffer.b.begin();
+                memcpy(_extraBuffer.i, extraBuffer->pvBuffer, extraBuffer->cbBuffer);
+                _extraBuffer.i += extraBuffer->cbBuffer;
+            }
+            return 0;
+        }
+        else if (err == SEC_I_CONTEXT_EXPIRED)
+        {
+            // The message sender has finished using the connection and has initiated a shutdown.
+            throw ConnectionLostException(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+        }
+        else if (err != SEC_E_OK)
+        {
+            throw ProtocolException(
+                __FILE__,
+                __LINE__,
+                "SSL transport: protocol error during read:\n" + IceInternal::errorToString(err));
+        }
+
+        SecBuffer* dataBuffer = getSecBufferWithType(inBufferDesc, SECBUFFER_DATA);
+        assert(dataBuffer);
+        DWORD remaining = min(static_cast<DWORD>(buffer.b.end() - i), dataBuffer->cbBuffer);
+        if (remaining > 0)
+        {
+            memcpy(i, dataBuffer->pvBuffer, remaining);
+            i += remaining;
+
+            // Copy remaining decrypted data to unprocessed buffer.
+            if (dataBuffer->cbBuffer > remaining)
+            {
+                _readUnprocessed.b.resize(dataBuffer->cbBuffer - remaining);
+                memcpy(
+                    _readUnprocessed.b.begin(),
+                    reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(dataBuffer->pvBuffer) + remaining,
+                    dataBuffer->cbBuffer - remaining);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Move any remaining encrypted data to the beginning of the input buffer.
+        SecBuffer* extraBuffer = getSecBufferWithType(inBufferDesc, SECBUFFER_EXTRA);
+        if (extraBuffer && extraBuffer->cbBuffer > 0)
+        {
+            memmove(_readBuffer.b.begin(), _readBuffer.i - extraBuffer->cbBuffer, extraBuffer->cbBuffer);
+            _readBuffer.i = _readBuffer.b.begin() + extraBuffer->cbBuffer;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            _readBuffer.i = _readBuffer.b.begin();
+        }
+    }
+    return i - buffer.i;
+}
+
+//
+// Encrypt a message and return the number of bytes that has been encrypted, if the
+// number of bytes is less than the message size, the function must be called again.
+//
+size_t
+Schannel::TransceiverI::encryptMessage(IceInternal::Buffer& buffer)
+{
+    //
+    // Limit the message size to cbMaximumMessage which is the maximum size data that can be
+    // embedded in a SSL record.
+    //
+    DWORD length = std::min(static_cast<DWORD>(buffer.b.end() - buffer.i), _sizes.cbMaximumMessage);
+
+    //
+    // Resize the buffer to hold the encrypted data
+    //
+    _writeBuffer.b.resize(_sizes.cbHeader + length + _sizes.cbTrailer);
+    _writeBuffer.i = _writeBuffer.b.begin();
+
+    SecBuffer buffers[4]{
+        {_sizes.cbHeader, SECBUFFER_STREAM_HEADER, _writeBuffer.i},
+        {length, SECBUFFER_DATA, _writeBuffer.i + _sizes.cbHeader},
+        {_sizes.cbTrailer, SECBUFFER_STREAM_TRAILER, _writeBuffer.i + _sizes.cbHeader + length},
+        {0, SECBUFFER_EMPTY, 0}};
+    SecBufferDesc buffersDesc = {SECBUFFER_VERSION, 4, buffers};
+
+    // Data is encrypted in place, copy the data to be encrypted to the data buffer.
+    memcpy(buffers[1].pvBuffer, buffer.i, length);
+
+    SECURITY_STATUS err = EncryptMessage(&_ssl, 0, &buffersDesc, 0);
+    if (err != SEC_E_OK)
+    {
+        throw ProtocolException(
+            __FILE__,
+            __LINE__,
+            "SSL transport: protocol error encrypting message:\n" + IceInternal::errorToString(err));
+    }
+
+    // EncryptMessage resizes the buffers, so resize the write buffer as well to reflect this.
+    _writeBuffer.b.resize(buffers[0].cbBuffer + buffers[1].cbBuffer + buffers[2].cbBuffer);
+    _writeBuffer.i = _writeBuffer.b.begin();
+
+    return length;
+}
+
+IceInternal::SocketOperation
+Schannel::TransceiverI::initialize(IceInternal::Buffer& readBuffer, IceInternal::Buffer& writeBuffer)
+{
+    if (_state == StateNotInitialized)
+    {
+        IceInternal::SocketOperation op = _delegate->initialize(readBuffer, writeBuffer);
+        if (op != IceInternal::SocketOperationNone)
+        {
+            return op;
+        }
+        _state = StateHandshakeNotStarted;
+    }
+    return sslHandshake();
+}
+
+IceInternal::SocketOperation
+Schannel::TransceiverI::closing(bool initiator, exception_ptr)
+{
+    // If we are initiating the connection closure, wait for the peer
+    // to close the TCP/IP connection. Otherwise, close immediately.
+    return initiator ? IceInternal::SocketOperationRead : IceInternal::SocketOperationNone;
+}
+
+void
+Schannel::TransceiverI::close()
+{
+    if (_ssl.dwLower || _ssl.dwUpper)
+    {
+        DeleteSecurityContext(&_ssl);
+        _ssl = {};
+    }
+
+    if (_credentialsHandle.dwLower || _credentialsHandle.dwUpper)
+    {
+        FreeCredentialsHandle(&_credentialsHandle);
+        _credentialsHandle = {};
+    }
+
+    if (_credentials.hRootStore)
+    {
+        CertCloseStore(_credentials.hRootStore, 0);
+        _credentials.hRootStore = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    for (const auto& certificate : _allCerts)
+    {
+        CertFreeCertificateContext(certificate);
+    }
+    _credentials.cCreds = 0;
+    _credentials.paCred = nullptr;
+    _allCerts.clear();
+
+    if (_peerCertificate)
+    {
+        CertFreeCertificateContext(_peerCertificate);
+        _peerCertificate = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    if (_chainEngine && _chainEngine != HCCE_CURRENT_USER)
+    {
+        CertFreeCertificateChainEngine(_chainEngine);
+        _chainEngine = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    _delegate->close();
+
+    // Clear the buffers now instead of waiting for destruction.
+    _writeBuffer.b.clear();
+    _readBuffer.b.clear();
+    _readUnprocessed.b.clear();
+}
+
+IceInternal::SocketOperation
+Schannel::TransceiverI::write(IceInternal::Buffer& buf)
+{
+    if (_state == StateNotInitialized)
+    {
+        return _delegate->write(buf);
+    }
+
+    if (buf.i == buf.b.end())
+    {
+        return IceInternal::SocketOperationNone;
+    }
+    assert(_state == StateHandshakeComplete);
+
+    while (buf.i != buf.b.end())
+    {
+        if (_bufferedW == 0)
+        {
+            assert(_writeBuffer.i == _writeBuffer.b.end());
+            _bufferedW = encryptMessage(buf);
+        }
+
+        if (!writeRaw(_writeBuffer))
+        {
+            return IceInternal::SocketOperationWrite;
+        }
+
+        assert(_writeBuffer.i == _writeBuffer.b.end()); // Finished writing the encrypted data
+
+        buf.i += _bufferedW;
+        _bufferedW = 0;
+    }
+    return IceInternal::SocketOperationNone;
+}
+
+IceInternal::SocketOperation
+Schannel::TransceiverI::read(IceInternal::Buffer& buf)
+{
+    if (_state == StateNotInitialized)
+    {
+        return _delegate->read(buf);
+    }
+
+    if (buf.i == buf.b.end())
+    {
+        return IceInternal::SocketOperationNone;
+    }
+    assert(_state == StateHandshakeComplete);
+
+    _delegate->getNativeInfo()->ready(IceInternal::SocketOperationRead, false);
+    while (buf.i != buf.b.end())
+    {
+        if (_readUnprocessed.b.empty() && _readBuffer.i == _readBuffer.b.begin() && !readRaw(_readBuffer))
+        {
+            return IceInternal::SocketOperationRead;
+        }
+
+        size_t decrypted = decryptMessage(buf);
+        if (_sslConnectionRenegotiating)
+        {
+            // The peer has requested a renegotiation.
+            SecBuffer extraBuffer{
+                static_cast<DWORD>(_extraBuffer.i - _extraBuffer.b.begin()),
+                SECBUFFER_EXTRA,
+                _extraBuffer.b.begin()};
+            IceInternal::SocketOperation op = sslHandshake(&extraBuffer);
+            _extraBuffer.b.clear();
+            if (op == IceInternal::SocketOperationNone)
+            {
+                _sslConnectionRenegotiating = false;
+                continue;
+            }
+            throw ConnectionLostException(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+        }
+
+        if (decrypted == 0)
+        {
+            if (!readRaw(_readBuffer))
+            {
+                return IceInternal::SocketOperationRead;
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        buf.i += decrypted;
+    }
+    _delegate->getNativeInfo()->ready(
+        IceInternal::SocketOperationRead,
+        !_readUnprocessed.b.empty() || _readBuffer.i != _readBuffer.b.begin());
+    return IceInternal::SocketOperationNone;
+}
+
+bool
+Schannel::TransceiverI::startWrite(IceInternal::Buffer& buffer)
+{
+    if (_state == StateNotInitialized)
+    {
+        return _delegate->startWrite(buffer);
+    }
+
+    if (_state == StateHandshakeComplete && _bufferedW == 0)
+    {
+        assert(_writeBuffer.i == _writeBuffer.b.end());
+        _bufferedW = encryptMessage(buffer);
+    }
+
+    return _delegate->startWrite(_writeBuffer) && _bufferedW == static_cast<size_t>((buffer.b.end() - buffer.i));
+}
+
+void
+Schannel::TransceiverI::finishWrite(IceInternal::Buffer& buf)
+{
+    if (_state == StateNotInitialized)
+    {
+        _delegate->finishWrite(buf);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    _delegate->finishWrite(_writeBuffer);
+    if (_writeBuffer.i != _writeBuffer.b.end())
+    {
+        return; // We're not finished yet with writing the write buffer.
+    }
+
+    if (_state == StateHandshakeComplete)
+    {
+        buf.i += _bufferedW;
+        _bufferedW = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+void
+Schannel::TransceiverI::startRead(IceInternal::Buffer& buffer)
+{
+    if (_state == StateNotInitialized)
+    {
+        _delegate->startRead(buffer);
+        return;
+    }
+    _delegate->startRead(_readBuffer);
+}
+
+void
+Schannel::TransceiverI::finishRead(IceInternal::Buffer& buf)
+{
+    if (_state == StateNotInitialized)
+    {
+        _delegate->finishRead(buf);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    _delegate->finishRead(_readBuffer);
+    if (_state == StateHandshakeComplete)
+    {
+        size_t decrypted;
+        while (true)
+        {
+            decrypted = decryptMessage(buf);
+            if (_sslConnectionRenegotiating)
+            {
+                // The peer has requested a renegotiation.
+                SecBuffer extraBuffer{
+                    static_cast<DWORD>(_extraBuffer.i - _extraBuffer.b.begin()),
+                    SECBUFFER_EXTRA,
+                    _extraBuffer.b.begin()};
+                IceInternal::SocketOperation op = sslHandshake(&extraBuffer);
+                _extraBuffer.b.clear();
+                if (op == IceInternal::SocketOperationNone)
+                {
+                    _sslConnectionRenegotiating = false;
+                    if (buf.i != buf.b.begin())
+                    {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                throw ConnectionLostException(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
+        if (decrypted > 0)
+        {
+            buf.i += decrypted;
+            _delegate->getNativeInfo()->ready(
+                IceInternal::SocketOperationRead,
+                !_readUnprocessed.b.empty() || _readBuffer.i != _readBuffer.b.begin());
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            _delegate->getNativeInfo()->ready(IceInternal::SocketOperationRead, false);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+string
+Schannel::TransceiverI::protocol() const
+{
+    return _instance->protocol();
+}
+
+string
+Schannel::TransceiverI::toString() const
+{
+    return _delegate->toString();
+}
+
+string
+Schannel::TransceiverI::toDetailedString() const
+{
+    return toString();
+}
+
+Ice::ConnectionInfoPtr
+Schannel::TransceiverI::getInfo(bool incoming, string adapterName, string connectionId) const
+{
+    assert(incoming == _incoming);
+    // adapterName is the name of the object adapter currently associated with this connection, while _adapterName
+    // represents the name of the object adapter that created this connection (incoming only).
+
+    return make_shared<ConnectionInfo>(
+        _delegate->getInfo(incoming, std::move(adapterName), std::move(connectionId)),
+        CertDuplicateCertificateContext(_peerCertificate));
+}
+
+void
+Schannel::TransceiverI::checkSendSize(const IceInternal::Buffer&)
+{
+}
+
+void
+Schannel::TransceiverI::setBufferSize(int rcvSize, int sndSize)
+{
+    _delegate->setBufferSize(rcvSize, sndSize);
+}
+
+Schannel::TransceiverI::TransceiverI(
+    const InstancePtr& instance,
+    const IceInternal::TransceiverPtr& delegate,
+    const string& adapterName,
+    const Ice::SSL::ServerAuthenticationOptions& serverAuthenticationOptions)
+    : _instance(instance),
+      _engine(dynamic_pointer_cast<Schannel::SSLEngine>(instance->engine())),
+      _host(""),
+      _adapterName(adapterName),
+      _incoming(true),
+      _delegate(delegate),
+      _state(StateNotInitialized),
+      _bufferedW(0),
+      _clientCertificateRequired(serverAuthenticationOptions.clientCertificateRequired),
+      _credentials({}),
+      _credentialsHandle({}),
+      _localCredentialsSelectionCallback(
+          serverAuthenticationOptions.serverCredentialsSelectionCallback
+              ? serverAuthenticationOptions.serverCredentialsSelectionCallback
+              : defaultIncomingCredentials),
+      _sslNewSessionCallback(serverAuthenticationOptions.sslNewSessionCallback),
+      _peerCertificate(nullptr),
+      _remoteCertificateValidationCallback(serverAuthenticationOptions.clientCertificateValidationCallback),
+      _rootStore(serverAuthenticationOptions.trustedRootCertificates),
+      _ssl({}),
+      _chainEngine(nullptr),
+      _sslConnectionRenegotiating(false)
+{
+    if (!_remoteCertificateValidationCallback)
+    {
+        // If the user didn't provide a validation callback. We setup a  default validation callback that exclusively
+        // trust the provided trusted root certificates if any, or uses the current user store if no trusted root
+        // certificates were provided. Schannel doesn't provide a default validation mechanism for client credentials.
+        _chainEngine = defaultChainEngine(_rootStore);
+        _remoteCertificateValidationCallback = [this](CtxtHandle ssl, const ConnectionInfoPtr&)
+        {
+            return SSLEngine::validationCallback(
+                _chainEngine, // The chain engine configured to trust the provided trusted root certificates.
+                ssl,          // The SSL context handle.
+                true,         // This is an incoming connection.
+                "",           // The target host, empty for incoming connections.
+                _clientCertificateRequired, // Whether or not the peer must provide a certificate.
+                0,                          // Disable revocation checking.
+                false);                     // Whether or not revocation checks only uses cached information.
+        };
+    }
+}
+
+Schannel::TransceiverI::TransceiverI(
+    const InstancePtr& instance,
+    const IceInternal::TransceiverPtr& delegate,
+    const string& host,
+    const Ice::SSL::ClientAuthenticationOptions& clientAuthenticationOptions)
+    : _instance(instance),
+      _engine(dynamic_pointer_cast<Schannel::SSLEngine>(instance->engine())),
+      _host(host),
+      _adapterName(""),
+      _incoming(false),
+      _delegate(delegate),
+      _state(StateNotInitialized),
+      _bufferedW(0),
+      _clientCertificateRequired(false),
+      _credentials({}),
+      _credentialsHandle({}),
+      _localCredentialsSelectionCallback(
+          clientAuthenticationOptions.clientCredentialsSelectionCallback
+              ? clientAuthenticationOptions.clientCredentialsSelectionCallback
+              : defaultOutgoingCredentials),
+      _sslNewSessionCallback(clientAuthenticationOptions.sslNewSessionCallback),
+      _peerCertificate(nullptr),
+      _remoteCertificateValidationCallback(clientAuthenticationOptions.serverCertificateValidationCallback),
+      _rootStore(clientAuthenticationOptions.trustedRootCertificates),
+      _ssl({}),
+      _chainEngine(nullptr),
+      _sslConnectionRenegotiating(false)
+{
+    if (_rootStore && !_remoteCertificateValidationCallback)
+    {
+        // If the user configured the trusted root certificates, but didn't provide a validation callback. We setup
+        // a default validation callback that exclusively trust the provided trusted root certificates.
+        _chainEngine = defaultChainEngine(_rootStore);
+        _remoteCertificateValidationCallback = [this](CtxtHandle ssl, const ConnectionInfoPtr&)
+        {
+            return SSLEngine::validationCallback(
+                _chainEngine, // The chain engine configured to trust the provided trusted root certificates.
+                ssl,          // The SSL context handle.
+                false,        // This is an outgoing connection.
+                _host,        // The target host.
+                true,         // Whether or not the peer must provide a certificate.
+                0,            // Disable revocation checking.
+                false);       // Whether or not revocation checks only uses cached information.
+        };
+    }
+    // If the user provides a validation callback is up to the callback to validate the certificate chain.
+    // If the user doesn't set the trusted root certificates, we use Schannel default behavior, with uses the system
+    // trusted root certificates.
+}
+
+Schannel::TransceiverI::~TransceiverI() = default;
+
+bool
+Schannel::TransceiverI::writeRaw(IceInternal::Buffer& buf)
+{
+    _delegate->write(buf);
+    return buf.i == buf.b.end();
+}
+
+bool
+Schannel::TransceiverI::readRaw(IceInternal::Buffer& buf)
+{
+    IceInternal::Buffer::Container::iterator p = buf.i;
+    _delegate->read(buf);
+    return buf.i != p;
+}