RubyGems - wayfarer - Versions diffs - 0.4.8 → 0.4.10 - Mend

wayfarer 0.4.8 → 0.4.10

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-        <li>
-          A2.4
-          <a href="../Appendix-B:-Embedding-Git-in-your-Applications-go-git.html" >go-git </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A2.5
-          <a href="../Appendix-B:-Embedding-Git-in-your-Applications-Dulwich.html" >Dulwich </a>
-        </li>
-    </ol>
-  </li>
-  <li class='chapter'>
-  <h2>A3. <a href="ch_core_editor.html">Appendix C: Git Commands</a></h2>
-    <ol>
-        <li>
-          A3.1
-          <a href="ch_core_editor.html" >Setup and Config </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A3.2
-          <a href="../Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Getting-and-Creating-Projects.html" >Getting and Creating Projects </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A3.3
-          <a href="../Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Basic-Snapshotting.html" >Basic Snapshotting </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A3.4
-          <a href="../Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Branching-and-Merging.html" >Branching and Merging </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A3.5
-          <a href="../Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Sharing-and-Updating-Projects.html" >Sharing and Updating Projects </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A3.6
-          <a href="../Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Inspection-and-Comparison.html" >Inspection and Comparison </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A3.7
-          <a href="../Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Debugging.html" >Debugging </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A3.8
-          <a href="../Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Patching.html" >Patching </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A3.9
-          <a href="../Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Email.html" >Email </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A3.10
-          <a href="../Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-External-Systems.html" >External Systems </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A3.11
-          <a href="../Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Administration.html" >Administration </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A3.12
-          <a href="../Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Plumbing-Commands.html" >Plumbing Commands </a>
-        </li>
-    </ol>
-  </li>
-</ol>
-    </div>
-  </div>
- </div>
-    <span class="light" id="edition">
-      2nd Edition
-    </span>
-</div>
-<div id='main' class="book edition2">
-    <h1>2.6 Git Basics - Tagging</h1>
-  <div>
-<h2 id="_git_tagging">Tagging</h2>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>
-Like most VCSs, Git has the ability to tag specific points in a repository’s history as being important.
-Typically, people use this functionality to mark release points (<code>v1.0</code>, <code>v2.0</code> and so on).
-In this section, you’ll learn how to list existing tags, how to create and delete tags, and what the different types of tags are.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="sect3">
-<h3 id="_listing_your_tags">Listing Your Tags</h3>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>Listing the existing tags in Git is straightforward.
-Just type <code>git tag</code> (with optional <code>-l</code> or <code>--list</code>):</p>
-</div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content">
-<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git tag
-v1.0
-v2.0</code></pre>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>This command lists the tags in alphabetical order; the order in which they are displayed has no real importance.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>You can also search for tags that match a particular pattern.
-The Git source repo, for instance, contains more than 500 tags.
-If you’re interested only in looking at the 1.8.5 series, you can run this:</p>
-</div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content">
-<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git tag -l "v1.8.5*"
-v1.8.5
-v1.8.5-rc0
-v1.8.5-rc1
-v1.8.5-rc2
-v1.8.5-rc3
-v1.8.5.1
-v1.8.5.2
-v1.8.5.3
-v1.8.5.4
-v1.8.5.5</code></pre>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="admonitionblock note">
-<table>
-<tr>
-<td class="icon">
-<div class="title">Note</div>
-</td>
-<td class="content">
-<div class="title">Listing tag wildcards requires <code>-l</code> or <code>--list</code> option</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>If you want just the entire list of tags, running the command <code>git tag</code> implicitly assumes you want a listing and provides one; the use of <code>-l</code> or <code>--list</code> in this case is optional.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>If, however, you’re supplying a wildcard pattern to match tag names, the use of <code>-l</code> or <code>--list</code> is mandatory.</p>
-</div>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</table>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="sect3">
-<h3 id="_creating_tags">Creating Tags</h3>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>Git supports two types of tags: <em>lightweight</em> and <em>annotated</em>.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>A lightweight tag is very much like a branch that doesn’t change — it’s just a pointer to a specific commit.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>Annotated tags, however, are stored as full objects in the Git database.
-They’re checksummed; contain the tagger name, email, and date; have a tagging message; and can be signed and verified with GNU Privacy Guard (GPG).
-It’s generally recommended that you create annotated tags so you can have all this information; but if you want a temporary tag or for some reason don’t want to keep the other information, lightweight tags are available too.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="sect3">
-<h3 id="_annotated_tags">Annotated Tags</h3>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>
-Creating an annotated tag in Git is simple.
-The easiest way is to specify <code>-a</code> when you run the <code>tag</code> command:</p>
-</div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content">
-<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git tag -a v1.4 -m "my version 1.4"
-$ git tag
-v0.1
-v1.3
-v1.4</code></pre>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>The <code>-m</code> specifies a tagging message, which is stored with the tag.
-If you don’t specify a message for an annotated tag, Git launches your editor so you can type it in.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>You can see the tag data along with the commit that was tagged by using the <code>git show</code> command:</p>
-</div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content">
-<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git show v1.4
-tag v1.4
-Tagger: Ben Straub &lt;ben@straub.cc&gt;
-Date:   Sat May 3 20:19:12 2014 -0700
-my version 1.4
-commit ca82a6dff817ec66f44342007202690a93763949
-Author: Scott Chacon &lt;schacon@gee-mail.com&gt;
-Date:   Mon Mar 17 21:52:11 2008 -0700
-    Change version number</code></pre>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>That shows the tagger information, the date the commit was tagged, and the annotation message before showing the commit information.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="sect3">
-<h3 id="_lightweight_tags">Lightweight Tags</h3>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>
-Another way to tag commits is with a lightweight tag.
-This is basically the commit checksum stored in a file — no other information is kept.
-To create a lightweight tag, don’t supply any of the <code>-a</code>, <code>-s</code>, or <code>-m</code> options, just provide a tag name:</p>
-</div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content">
-<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git tag v1.4-lw
-$ git tag
-v0.1
-v1.3
-v1.4
-v1.4-lw
-v1.5</code></pre>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>This time, if you run <code>git show</code> on the tag, you don’t see the extra tag information.
-The command just shows the commit:</p>
-</div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content">
-<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git show v1.4-lw
-commit ca82a6dff817ec66f44342007202690a93763949
-Author: Scott Chacon &lt;schacon@gee-mail.com&gt;
-Date:   Mon Mar 17 21:52:11 2008 -0700
-    Change version number</code></pre>
-</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="sect3">
-<h3 id="_tagging_later">Tagging Later</h3>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>You can also tag commits after you’ve moved past them.
-Suppose your commit history looks like this:</p>
-</div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content">
-<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git log --pretty=oneline
-15027957951b64cf874c3557a0f3547bd83b3ff6 Merge branch 'experiment'
-a6b4c97498bd301d84096da251c98a07c7723e65 Create write support
-0d52aaab4479697da7686c15f77a3d64d9165190 One more thing
-6d52a271eda8725415634dd79daabbc4d9b6008e Merge branch 'experiment'
-0b7434d86859cc7b8c3d5e1dddfed66ff742fcbc Add commit function
-4682c3261057305bdd616e23b64b0857d832627b Add todo file
-166ae0c4d3f420721acbb115cc33848dfcc2121a Create write support
-9fceb02d0ae598e95dc970b74767f19372d61af8 Update rakefile
-964f16d36dfccde844893cac5b347e7b3d44abbc Commit the todo
-8a5cbc430f1a9c3d00faaeffd07798508422908a Update readme</code></pre>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>Now, suppose you forgot to tag the project at v1.2, which was at the “Update rakefile” commit.
-You can add it after the fact.
-To tag that commit, you specify the commit checksum (or part of it) at the end of the command:</p>
-</div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content">
-<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git tag -a v1.2 9fceb02</code></pre>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>You can see that you’ve tagged the commit:</p>
-</div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content">
-<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git tag
-v0.1
-v1.2
-v1.3
-v1.4
-v1.4-lw
-v1.5
-$ git show v1.2
-tag v1.2
-Tagger: Scott Chacon &lt;schacon@gee-mail.com&gt;
-Date:   Mon Feb 9 15:32:16 2009 -0800
-version 1.2
-commit 9fceb02d0ae598e95dc970b74767f19372d61af8
-Author: Magnus Chacon &lt;mchacon@gee-mail.com&gt;
-Date:   Sun Apr 27 20:43:35 2008 -0700
-    Update rakefile
-...</code></pre>
-</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="sect3">
-<h3 id="_sharing_tags">Sharing Tags</h3>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>By default, the <code>git push</code> command doesn’t transfer tags to remote servers.
-You will have to explicitly push tags to a shared server after you have created them.
-This process is just like sharing remote branches — you can run <code>git push origin &lt;tagname&gt;</code>.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content">
-<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git push origin v1.5
-Counting objects: 14, done.
-Delta compression using up to 8 threads.
-Compressing objects: 100% (12/12), done.
-Writing objects: 100% (14/14), 2.05 KiB | 0 bytes/s, done.
-Total 14 (delta 3), reused 0 (delta 0)
-To git@github.com:schacon/simplegit.git
- * [new tag]         v1.5 -&gt; v1.5</code></pre>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>If you have a lot of tags that you want to push up at once, you can also use the <code>--tags</code> option to the <code>git push</code> command.
-This will transfer all of your tags to the remote server that are not already there.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content">
-<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git push origin --tags
-Counting objects: 1, done.
-Writing objects: 100% (1/1), 160 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
-Total 1 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
-To git@github.com:schacon/simplegit.git
- * [new tag]         v1.4 -&gt; v1.4
- * [new tag]         v1.4-lw -&gt; v1.4-lw</code></pre>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>Now, when someone else clones or pulls from your repository, they will get all your tags as well.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="admonitionblock note">
-<table>
-<tr>
-<td class="icon">
-<div class="title">Note</div>
-</td>
-<td class="content">
-<div class="title">
-<code>git push</code> pushes both types of tags</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p><code>git push &lt;remote&gt; --tags</code> will push both lightweight and annotated tags.
-There is currently no option to push only lightweight tags, but if you use <code>git push &lt;remote&gt; --follow-tags</code> only annotated tags will be pushed to the remote.</p>
-</div>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</table>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="sect3">
-<h3 id="_deleting_tags">Deleting Tags</h3>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>To delete a tag on your local repository, you can use <code>git tag -d &lt;tagname&gt;</code>.
-For example, we could remove our lightweight tag above as follows:</p>
-</div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content">
-<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git tag -d v1.4-lw
-Deleted tag 'v1.4-lw' (was e7d5add)</code></pre>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>Note that this does not remove the tag from any remote servers.
-There are two common variations for deleting a tag from a remote server.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>The first variation is <code>git push &lt;remote&gt; :refs/tags/&lt;tagname&gt;</code>:</p>
-</div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content">
-<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git push origin :refs/tags/v1.4-lw
-To /git@github.com:schacon/simplegit.git
- - [deleted]         v1.4-lw</code></pre>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>The way to interpret the above is to read it as the null value before the colon is being pushed to the remote tag name, effectively deleting it.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>The second (and more intuitive) way to delete a remote tag is with:</p>
-</div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content">
-<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git push origin --delete &lt;tagname&gt;</code></pre>
-</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="sect3">
-<h3 id="_checking_out_tags">Checking out Tags</h3>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>If you want to view the versions of files a tag is pointing to, you can do a <code>git checkout</code> of that tag, although this puts your repository in “detached HEAD” state, which has some ill side effects:</p>
-</div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content">
-<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git checkout v2.0.0
-Note: switching to 'v2.0.0'.
-You are in 'detached HEAD' state. You can look around, make experimental
-changes and commit them, and you can discard any commits you make in this
-state without impacting any branches by performing another checkout.
-If you want to create a new branch to retain commits you create, you may
-do so (now or later) by using -c with the switch command. Example:
-  git switch -c &lt;new-branch-name&gt;
-Or undo this operation with:
-  git switch -
-Turn off this advice by setting config variable advice.detachedHead to false
-HEAD is now at 99ada87... Merge pull request #89 from schacon/appendix-final
-$ git checkout v2.0-beta-0.1
-Previous HEAD position was 99ada87... Merge pull request #89 from schacon/appendix-final
-HEAD is now at df3f601... Add atlas.json and cover image</code></pre>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>In “detached HEAD” state, if you make changes and then create a commit, the tag will stay the same, but your new commit won’t belong to any branch and will be unreachable, except by the exact commit hash.
-Thus, if you need to make changes — say you’re fixing a bug on an older version, for instance — you will generally want to create a branch:</p>
-</div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content">
-<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git checkout -b version2 v2.0.0
-Switched to a new branch 'version2'</code></pre>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>If you do this and make a commit, your <code>version2</code> branch will be slightly different than your <code>v2.0.0</code> tag since it will move forward with your new changes, so do be careful.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div id="nav"><a href="_remote_repos.html">prev</a> | <a href="_git_aliases.html">next</a></div></div>
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