wasmtime 37.0.2 → 38.0.4

data/ext/cargo-vendor/wasmtime-38.0.4/src/runtime/component/instance.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,1030 @@
+use crate::component::func::HostFunc;
+use crate::component::matching::InstanceType;
+use crate::component::store::{ComponentInstanceId, StoreComponentInstanceId};
+use crate::component::{
+    Component, ComponentExportIndex, ComponentNamedList, Func, Lift, Lower, ResourceType,
+    TypedFunc, types::ComponentItem,
+};
+use crate::instance::OwnedImports;
+use crate::linker::DefinitionType;
+use crate::prelude::*;
+use crate::runtime::vm::component::{
+    CallContexts, ComponentInstance, ResourceTables, TypedResource, TypedResourceIndex,
+};
+use crate::runtime::vm::{self, VMFuncRef};
+use crate::store::StoreOpaque;
+use crate::{AsContext, AsContextMut, Engine, Module, StoreContextMut};
+use alloc::sync::Arc;
+use core::marker;
+use core::pin::Pin;
+use core::ptr::NonNull;
+use wasmtime_environ::{EngineOrModuleTypeIndex, component::*};
+use wasmtime_environ::{EntityIndex, EntityType, PrimaryMap};
+
+/// An instantiated component.
+///
+/// This type represents an instantiated [`Component`](super::Component).
+/// Instances have exports which can be accessed through functions such as
+/// [`Instance::get_func`] or [`Instance::get_export`]. Instances are owned by a
+/// [`Store`](crate::Store) and all methods require a handle to the store.
+///
+/// Component instances are created through
+/// [`Linker::instantiate`](super::Linker::instantiate) and its family of
+/// methods.
+///
+/// This type is similar to the core wasm version
+/// [`wasmtime::Instance`](crate::Instance) except that it represents an
+/// instantiated component instead of an instantiated module.
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[repr(transparent)]
+pub struct Instance {
+    id: StoreComponentInstanceId,
+}
+
+// Double-check that the C representation in `component/instance.h` matches our
+// in-Rust representation here in terms of size/alignment/etc.
+const _: () = {
+    #[repr(C)]
+    struct C(u64, u32);
+    assert!(core::mem::size_of::<C>() == core::mem::size_of::<Instance>());
+    assert!(core::mem::align_of::<C>() == core::mem::align_of::<Instance>());
+    assert!(core::mem::offset_of!(Instance, id) == 0);
+};
+
+impl Instance {
+    /// Creates a raw `Instance` from the internal identifiers within the store.
+    pub(crate) fn from_wasmtime(store: &StoreOpaque, id: ComponentInstanceId) -> Instance {
+        Instance {
+            id: StoreComponentInstanceId::new(store.id(), id),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Looks up an exported function by name within this [`Instance`].
+    ///
+    /// The `store` argument provided must be the store that this instance
+    /// lives within and the `name` argument is the lookup key by which to find
+    /// the exported function. If the function is found then `Some` is returned
+    /// and otherwise `None` is returned.
+    ///
+    /// The `name` here can be a string such as `&str` or it can be a
+    /// [`ComponentExportIndex`] which is loaded prior from a [`Component`].
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if `store` does not own this instance.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// Looking up a function which is exported from the root of a component:
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use wasmtime::{Engine, Store};
+    /// use wasmtime::component::{Component, Linker};
+    ///
+    /// # fn main() -> wasmtime::Result<()> {
+    /// let engine = Engine::default();
+    /// let component = Component::new(
+    ///     &engine,
+    ///     r#"
+    ///         (component
+    ///             (core module $m
+    ///                 (func (export "f"))
+    ///             )
+    ///             (core instance $i (instantiate $m))
+    ///             (func (export "f")
+    ///                 (canon lift (core func $i "f")))
+    ///         )
+    ///     "#,
+    /// )?;
+    ///
+    /// // Look up the function by name
+    /// let mut store = Store::new(&engine, ());
+    /// let instance = Linker::new(&engine).instantiate(&mut store, &component)?;
+    /// let func = instance.get_func(&mut store, "f").unwrap();
+    ///
+    /// // The function can also be looked up by an index via a precomputed index.
+    /// let export = component.get_export_index(None, "f").unwrap();
+    /// let func = instance.get_func(&mut store, &export).unwrap();
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Looking up a function which is exported from a nested instance:
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use wasmtime::{Engine, Store};
+    /// use wasmtime::component::{Component, Linker};
+    ///
+    /// # fn main() -> wasmtime::Result<()> {
+    /// let engine = Engine::default();
+    /// let component = Component::new(
+    ///     &engine,
+    ///     r#"
+    ///         (component
+    ///             (core module $m
+    ///                 (func (export "f"))
+    ///             )
+    ///             (core instance $i (instantiate $m))
+    ///             (func $f
+    ///                 (canon lift (core func $i "f")))
+    ///
+    ///             (instance $i
+    ///                 (export "f" (func $f)))
+    ///             (export "i" (instance $i))
+    ///         )
+    ///     "#,
+    /// )?;
+    ///
+    /// // First look up the exported instance, then use that to lookup the
+    /// // exported function.
+    /// let instance_index = component.get_export_index(None, "i").unwrap();
+    /// let func_index = component.get_export_index(Some(&instance_index), "f").unwrap();
+    ///
+    /// // Then use `func_index` at runtime.
+    /// let mut store = Store::new(&engine, ());
+    /// let instance = Linker::new(&engine).instantiate(&mut store, &component)?;
+    /// let func = instance.get_func(&mut store, &func_index).unwrap();
+    ///
+    /// // Alternatively the `instance` can be used directly in conjunction with
+    /// // the `get_export_index` method.
+    /// let instance_index = instance.get_export_index(&mut store, None, "i").unwrap();
+    /// let func_index = instance.get_export_index(&mut store, Some(&instance_index), "f").unwrap();
+    /// let func = instance.get_func(&mut store, &func_index).unwrap();
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn get_func(
+        &self,
+        mut store: impl AsContextMut,
+        name: impl InstanceExportLookup,
+    ) -> Option<Func> {
+        let store = store.as_context_mut().0;
+        let instance = self.id.get(store);
+        let component = instance.component();
+
+        // Validate that `name` exists within `self.`
+        let index = name.lookup(component)?;
+
+        // Validate that `index` is indeed a lifted function.
+        match &component.env_component().export_items[index] {
+            Export::LiftedFunction { .. } => {}
+            _ => return None,
+        }
+
+        // And package up the indices!
+        Some(Func::from_lifted_func(*self, index))
+    }
+
+    /// Looks up an exported [`Func`] value by name and with its type.
+    ///
+    /// This function is a convenience wrapper over [`Instance::get_func`] and
+    /// [`Func::typed`]. For more information see the linked documentation.
+    ///
+    /// Returns an error if `name` isn't a function export or if the export's
+    /// type did not match `Params` or `Results`
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if `store` does not own this instance.
+    pub fn get_typed_func<Params, Results>(
+        &self,
+        mut store: impl AsContextMut,
+        name: impl InstanceExportLookup,
+    ) -> Result<TypedFunc<Params, Results>>
+    where
+        Params: ComponentNamedList + Lower,
+        Results: ComponentNamedList + Lift,
+    {
+        let f = self
+            .get_func(store.as_context_mut(), name)
+            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("failed to find function export"))?;
+        Ok(f.typed::<Params, Results>(store)
+            .with_context(|| format!("failed to convert function to given type"))?)
+    }
+
+    /// Looks up an exported module by name within this [`Instance`].
+    ///
+    /// The `store` argument provided must be the store that this instance
+    /// lives within and the `name` argument is the lookup key by which to find
+    /// the exported module. If the module is found then `Some` is returned
+    /// and otherwise `None` is returned.
+    ///
+    /// The `name` here can be a string such as `&str` or it can be a
+    /// [`ComponentExportIndex`] which is loaded prior from a [`Component`].
+    ///
+    /// For some examples see [`Instance::get_func`] for loading values from a
+    /// component.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if `store` does not own this instance.
+    pub fn get_module(
+        &self,
+        mut store: impl AsContextMut,
+        name: impl InstanceExportLookup,
+    ) -> Option<Module> {
+        let store = store.as_context_mut().0;
+        let (instance, export) = self.lookup_export(store, name)?;
+        match export {
+            Export::ModuleStatic { index, .. } => {
+                Some(instance.component().static_module(*index).clone())
+            }
+            Export::ModuleImport { import, .. } => match instance.runtime_import(*import) {
+                RuntimeImport::Module(m) => Some(m.clone()),
+                _ => unreachable!(),
+            },
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Looks up an exported resource type by name within this [`Instance`].
+    ///
+    /// The `store` argument provided must be the store that this instance
+    /// lives within and the `name` argument is the lookup key by which to find
+    /// the exported resource. If the resource is found then `Some` is returned
+    /// and otherwise `None` is returned.
+    ///
+    /// The `name` here can be a string such as `&str` or it can be a
+    /// [`ComponentExportIndex`] which is loaded prior from a [`Component`].
+    ///
+    /// For some examples see [`Instance::get_func`] for loading values from a
+    /// component.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if `store` does not own this instance.
+    pub fn get_resource(
+        &self,
+        mut store: impl AsContextMut,
+        name: impl InstanceExportLookup,
+    ) -> Option<ResourceType> {
+        let store = store.as_context_mut().0;
+        let (instance, export) = self.lookup_export(store, name)?;
+        match export {
+            Export::Type(TypeDef::Resource(id)) => {
+                Some(InstanceType::new(instance).resource_type(*id))
+            }
+            Export::Type(_)
+            | Export::LiftedFunction { .. }
+            | Export::ModuleStatic { .. }
+            | Export::ModuleImport { .. }
+            | Export::Instance { .. } => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// A methods similar to [`Component::get_export`] except for this
+    /// instance.
+    ///
+    /// This method will lookup the `name` provided within the `instance`
+    /// provided and return a [`ComponentItem`] describing the export,
+    /// and [`ComponentExportIndex`] which can be passed other `get_*`
+    /// functions like [`Instance::get_func`].
+    ///
+    /// The [`ComponentItem`] is more expensive to compute than the
+    /// [`ComponentExportIndex`]. If you are not consuming the
+    /// [`ComponentItem`], use [`Instance::get_export_index`] instead.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if `store` does not own this instance.
+    pub fn get_export(
+        &self,
+        mut store: impl AsContextMut,
+        instance: Option<&ComponentExportIndex>,
+        name: &str,
+    ) -> Option<(ComponentItem, ComponentExportIndex)> {
+        self._get_export(store.as_context_mut().0, instance, name)
+    }
+
+    fn _get_export(
+        &self,
+        store: &StoreOpaque,
+        instance: Option<&ComponentExportIndex>,
+        name: &str,
+    ) -> Option<(ComponentItem, ComponentExportIndex)> {
+        let data = self.id().get(store);
+        let component = data.component();
+        let index = component.lookup_export_index(instance, name)?;
+        let item = ComponentItem::from_export(
+            &store.engine(),
+            &component.env_component().export_items[index],
+            &InstanceType::new(data),
+        );
+        Some((
+            item,
+            ComponentExportIndex {
+                id: data.component().id(),
+                index,
+            },
+        ))
+    }
+
+    /// A methods similar to [`Component::get_export_index`] except for this
+    /// instance.
+    ///
+    /// This method will lookup the `name` provided within the `instance`
+    /// provided and return a [`ComponentExportIndex`] which can be passed
+    /// other `get_*` functions like [`Instance::get_func`].
+    ///
+    /// If you need the [`ComponentItem`] corresponding to this export, use
+    /// the [`Instance::get_export`] instead.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if `store` does not own this instance.
+    pub fn get_export_index(
+        &self,
+        mut store: impl AsContextMut,
+        instance: Option<&ComponentExportIndex>,
+        name: &str,
+    ) -> Option<ComponentExportIndex> {
+        let data = self.id().get(store.as_context_mut().0);
+        let index = data.component().lookup_export_index(instance, name)?;
+        Some(ComponentExportIndex {
+            id: data.component().id(),
+            index,
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn lookup_export<'a>(
+        &self,
+        store: &'a StoreOpaque,
+        name: impl InstanceExportLookup,
+    ) -> Option<(&'a ComponentInstance, &'a Export)> {
+        let data = self.id().get(store);
+        let index = name.lookup(data.component())?;
+        Some((data, &data.component().env_component().export_items[index]))
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the [`InstancePre`] that was used to create this instance.
+    pub fn instance_pre<T>(&self, store: impl AsContext<Data = T>) -> InstancePre<T> {
+        // This indexing operation asserts the Store owns the Instance.
+        // Therefore, the InstancePre<T> must match the Store<T>.
+        let data = self.id().get(store.as_context().0);
+
+        // SAFETY: calling this method safely here relies on matching the `T`
+        // in `InstancePre<T>` to the store itself, which is happening in the
+        // type signature just above by ensuring the store's data is `T` which
+        // matches the return value.
+        unsafe { data.instance_pre() }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn id(&self) -> StoreComponentInstanceId {
+        self.id
+    }
+
+    /// Implementation of the `resource.new` intrinsic for `i32`
+    /// representations.
+    pub(crate) fn resource_new32(
+        self,
+        store: &mut StoreOpaque,
+        caller: RuntimeComponentInstanceIndex,
+        ty: TypeResourceTableIndex,
+        rep: u32,
+    ) -> Result<u32> {
+        self.id().get(store).check_may_leave(caller)?;
+        let (calls, _, _, instance) = store.component_resource_state_with_instance(self);
+        resource_tables(calls, instance).resource_new(TypedResource::Component { ty, rep })
+    }
+
+    /// Implementation of the `resource.rep` intrinsic for `i32`
+    /// representations.
+    pub(crate) fn resource_rep32(
+        self,
+        store: &mut StoreOpaque,
+        caller: RuntimeComponentInstanceIndex,
+        ty: TypeResourceTableIndex,
+        index: u32,
+    ) -> Result<u32> {
+        self.id().get(store).check_may_leave(caller)?;
+        let (calls, _, _, instance) = store.component_resource_state_with_instance(self);
+        resource_tables(calls, instance).resource_rep(TypedResourceIndex::Component { ty, index })
+    }
+
+    /// Implementation of the `resource.drop` intrinsic.
+    pub(crate) fn resource_drop(
+        self,
+        store: &mut StoreOpaque,
+        caller: RuntimeComponentInstanceIndex,
+        ty: TypeResourceTableIndex,
+        index: u32,
+    ) -> Result<Option<u32>> {
+        self.id().get(store).check_may_leave(caller)?;
+        let (calls, _, _, instance) = store.component_resource_state_with_instance(self);
+        resource_tables(calls, instance).resource_drop(TypedResourceIndex::Component { ty, index })
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn resource_transfer_own(
+        self,
+        store: &mut StoreOpaque,
+        index: u32,
+        src: TypeResourceTableIndex,
+        dst: TypeResourceTableIndex,
+    ) -> Result<u32> {
+        let (calls, _, _, instance) = store.component_resource_state_with_instance(self);
+        let mut tables = resource_tables(calls, instance);
+        let rep = tables.resource_lift_own(TypedResourceIndex::Component { ty: src, index })?;
+        tables.resource_lower_own(TypedResource::Component { ty: dst, rep })
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn resource_transfer_borrow(
+        self,
+        store: &mut StoreOpaque,
+        index: u32,
+        src: TypeResourceTableIndex,
+        dst: TypeResourceTableIndex,
+    ) -> Result<u32> {
+        let dst_owns_resource = self.id().get(store).resource_owned_by_own_instance(dst);
+        let (calls, _, _, instance) = store.component_resource_state_with_instance(self);
+        let mut tables = resource_tables(calls, instance);
+        let rep = tables.resource_lift_borrow(TypedResourceIndex::Component { ty: src, index })?;
+        // Implement `lower_borrow`'s special case here where if a borrow's
+        // resource type is owned by `dst` then the destination receives the
+        // representation directly rather than a handle to the representation.
+        //
+        // This can perhaps become a different libcall in the future to avoid
+        // this check at runtime since we know at compile time whether the
+        // destination type owns the resource, but that's left as a future
+        // refactoring if truly necessary.
+        if dst_owns_resource {
+            return Ok(rep);
+        }
+        tables.resource_lower_borrow(TypedResource::Component { ty: dst, rep })
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn resource_enter_call(self, store: &mut StoreOpaque) {
+        let (calls, _, _, instance) = store.component_resource_state_with_instance(self);
+        resource_tables(calls, instance).enter_call()
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn resource_exit_call(self, store: &mut StoreOpaque) -> Result<()> {
+        let (calls, _, _, instance) = store.component_resource_state_with_instance(self);
+        resource_tables(calls, instance).exit_call()
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn lookup_vmdef(&self, store: &mut StoreOpaque, def: &CoreDef) -> vm::Export {
+        lookup_vmdef(store, self.id.instance(), def)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Translates a `CoreDef`, a definition of a core wasm item, to an
+/// [`Export`] which is the runtime core wasm definition.
+pub(crate) fn lookup_vmdef(
+    store: &mut StoreOpaque,
+    id: ComponentInstanceId,
+    def: &CoreDef,
+) -> vm::Export {
+    match def {
+        CoreDef::Export(e) => lookup_vmexport(store, id, e),
+        CoreDef::Trampoline(idx) => {
+            let funcref = store
+                .store_data_mut()
+                .component_instance_mut(id)
+                .trampoline_func_ref(*idx);
+            // SAFETY: the `funcref` is owned by `store` and is valid within
+            // that store, so it's safe to create a `Func`.
+            vm::Export::Function(unsafe { crate::Func::from_vm_func_ref(store.id(), funcref) })
+        }
+        CoreDef::InstanceFlags(idx) => {
+            let id = StoreComponentInstanceId::new(store.id(), id);
+            vm::Export::Global(crate::Global::from_component_flags(id, *idx))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Translates a `CoreExport<T>`, an export of some core instance within
+/// this component, to the actual runtime definition of that item.
+pub(crate) fn lookup_vmexport<T>(
+    store: &mut StoreOpaque,
+    id: ComponentInstanceId,
+    item: &CoreExport<T>,
+) -> vm::Export
+where
+    T: Copy + Into<EntityIndex>,
+{
+    let store_id = store.id();
+    let id = store
+        .store_data_mut()
+        .component_instance_mut(id)
+        .instance(item.instance);
+    let instance = store.instance_mut(id);
+    let idx = match &item.item {
+        ExportItem::Index(idx) => (*idx).into(),
+
+        // FIXME: ideally at runtime we don't actually do any name lookups
+        // here. This will only happen when the host supplies an imported
+        // module so while the structure can't be known at compile time we
+        // do know at `InstancePre` time, for example, what all the host
+        // imports are. In theory we should be able to, as part of
+        // `InstancePre` construction, perform all name=>index mappings
+        // during that phase so the actual instantiation of an `InstancePre`
+        // skips all string lookups. This should probably only be
+        // investigated if this becomes a performance issue though.
+        ExportItem::Name(name) => instance.env_module().exports[name],
+    };
+    // SAFETY: the `store_id` owns this instance and all exports contained
+    // within.
+    unsafe { instance.get_export_by_index_mut(store_id, idx) }
+}
+
+fn resource_tables<'a>(
+    calls: &'a mut CallContexts,
+    instance: Pin<&'a mut ComponentInstance>,
+) -> ResourceTables<'a> {
+    ResourceTables {
+        host_table: None,
+        calls,
+        guest: Some(instance.guest_tables()),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Trait used to lookup the export of a component instance.
+///
+/// This trait is used as an implementation detail of [`Instance::get_func`]
+/// and related `get_*` methods. Notable implementors of this trait are:
+///
+/// * `str`
+/// * `String`
+/// * [`ComponentExportIndex`]
+///
+/// Note that this is intended to be a `wasmtime`-sealed trait so it shouldn't
+/// need to be implemented externally.
+pub trait InstanceExportLookup {
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    fn lookup(&self, component: &Component) -> Option<ExportIndex>;
+}
+
+impl<T> InstanceExportLookup for &T
+where
+    T: InstanceExportLookup + ?Sized,
+{
+    fn lookup(&self, component: &Component) -> Option<ExportIndex> {
+        T::lookup(self, component)
+    }
+}
+
+impl InstanceExportLookup for str {
+    fn lookup(&self, component: &Component) -> Option<ExportIndex> {
+        component
+            .env_component()
+            .exports
+            .get(self, &NameMapNoIntern)
+            .copied()
+    }
+}
+
+impl InstanceExportLookup for String {
+    fn lookup(&self, component: &Component) -> Option<ExportIndex> {
+        str::lookup(self, component)
+    }
+}
+
+struct Instantiator<'a> {
+    component: &'a Component,
+    id: ComponentInstanceId,
+    core_imports: OwnedImports,
+    imports: &'a PrimaryMap<RuntimeImportIndex, RuntimeImport>,
+}
+
+pub(crate) enum RuntimeImport {
+    Func(Arc<HostFunc>),
+    Module(Module),
+    Resource {
+        ty: ResourceType,
+
+        // A strong reference to the host function that represents the
+        // destructor for this resource. At this time all resources here are
+        // host-defined resources. Note that this is itself never read because
+        // the funcref below points to it.
+        //
+        // Also note that the `Arc` here is used to support the same host
+        // function being used across multiple instances simultaneously. Or
+        // otherwise this makes `InstancePre::instantiate` possible to create
+        // separate instances all sharing the same host function.
+        _dtor: Arc<crate::func::HostFunc>,
+
+        // A raw function which is filled out (including `wasm_call`) which
+        // points to the internals of the `_dtor` field. This is read and
+        // possibly executed by wasm.
+        dtor_funcref: VMFuncRef,
+    },
+}
+
+pub type ImportedResources = PrimaryMap<ResourceIndex, ResourceType>;
+
+impl<'a> Instantiator<'a> {
+    fn new(
+        component: &'a Component,
+        store: &mut StoreOpaque,
+        imports: &'a Arc<PrimaryMap<RuntimeImportIndex, RuntimeImport>>,
+    ) -> Instantiator<'a> {
+        let env_component = component.env_component();
+        store.modules_mut().register_component(component);
+        let imported_resources: ImportedResources =
+            PrimaryMap::with_capacity(env_component.imported_resources.len());
+
+        let instance = ComponentInstance::new(
+            store.store_data().components.next_component_instance_id(),
+            component,
+            Arc::new(imported_resources),
+            imports,
+            store.traitobj(),
+        );
+        let id = store.store_data_mut().push_component_instance(instance);
+
+        Instantiator {
+            component,
+            imports,
+            core_imports: OwnedImports::empty(),
+            id,
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn run<T>(&mut self, store: &mut StoreContextMut<'_, T>) -> Result<()> {
+        let env_component = self.component.env_component();
+
+        // Before all initializers are processed configure all destructors for
+        // host-defined resources. No initializer will correspond to these and
+        // it's required to happen before they're needed, so execute this first.
+        for (idx, import) in env_component.imported_resources.iter() {
+            let (ty, func_ref) = match &self.imports[*import] {
+                RuntimeImport::Resource {
+                    ty, dtor_funcref, ..
+                } => (*ty, NonNull::from(dtor_funcref)),
+                _ => unreachable!(),
+            };
+            let i = self.instance_resource_types_mut(store.0).push(ty);
+            assert_eq!(i, idx);
+            self.instance_mut(store.0)
+                .set_resource_destructor(idx, Some(func_ref));
+        }
+
+        // Next configure all `VMFuncRef`s for trampolines that this component
+        // will require. These functions won't actually get used until their
+        // associated state has been initialized through the global initializers
+        // below, but the funcrefs can all be configured here.
+        for (idx, sig) in env_component.trampolines.iter() {
+            let ptrs = self.component.trampoline_ptrs(idx);
+            let signature = match self.component.signatures().shared_type(*sig) {
+                Some(s) => s,
+                None => panic!("found unregistered signature: {sig:?}"),
+            };
+
+            self.instance_mut(store.0).set_trampoline(
+                idx,
+                ptrs.wasm_call,
+                ptrs.array_call,
+                signature,
+            );
+        }
+
+        for initializer in env_component.initializers.iter() {
+            match initializer {
+                GlobalInitializer::InstantiateModule(m) => {
+                    let module;
+                    let imports = match m {
+                        // Since upvars are statically know we know that the
+                        // `args` list is already in the right order.
+                        InstantiateModule::Static(idx, args) => {
+                            module = self.component.static_module(*idx);
+                            self.build_imports(store.0, module, args.iter())
+                        }
+
+                        // With imports, unlike upvars, we need to do runtime
+                        // lookups with strings to determine the order of the
+                        // imports since it's whatever the actual module
+                        // requires.
+                        //
+                        // FIXME: see the note in `ExportItem::Name` handling
+                        // above for how we ideally shouldn't do string lookup
+                        // here.
+                        InstantiateModule::Import(idx, args) => {
+                            module = match &self.imports[*idx] {
+                                RuntimeImport::Module(m) => m,
+                                _ => unreachable!(),
+                            };
+                            let args = module
+                                .imports()
+                                .map(|import| &args[import.module()][import.name()]);
+                            self.build_imports(store.0, module, args)
+                        }
+                    };
+
+                    // Note that the unsafety here should be ok because the
+                    // validity of the component means that type-checks have
+                    // already been performed. This means that the unsafety due
+                    // to imports having the wrong type should not happen here.
+                    //
+                    // Also note we are calling new_started_impl because we have
+                    // already checked for asyncness and are running on a fiber
+                    // if required.
+
+                    let i = unsafe {
+                        crate::Instance::new_started(store, module, imports.as_ref()).await?
+                    };
+                    self.instance_mut(store.0).push_instance_id(i.id());
+                }
+
+                GlobalInitializer::LowerImport { import, index } => {
+                    let func = match &self.imports[*import] {
+                        RuntimeImport::Func(func) => func,
+                        _ => unreachable!(),
+                    };
+                    self.instance_mut(store.0)
+                        .set_lowering(*index, func.lowering());
+                }
+
+                GlobalInitializer::ExtractTable(table) => self.extract_table(store.0, table),
+
+                GlobalInitializer::ExtractMemory(mem) => self.extract_memory(store.0, mem),
+
+                GlobalInitializer::ExtractRealloc(realloc) => {
+                    self.extract_realloc(store.0, realloc)
+                }
+
+                GlobalInitializer::ExtractCallback(callback) => {
+                    self.extract_callback(store.0, callback)
+                }
+
+                GlobalInitializer::ExtractPostReturn(post_return) => {
+                    self.extract_post_return(store.0, post_return)
+                }
+
+                GlobalInitializer::Resource(r) => self.resource(store.0, r),
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn resource(&mut self, store: &mut StoreOpaque, resource: &Resource) {
+        let dtor = resource
+            .dtor
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(|dtor| lookup_vmdef(store, self.id, dtor));
+        let dtor = dtor.map(|export| match export {
+            crate::runtime::vm::Export::Function(f) => f.vm_func_ref(store),
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        });
+        let index = self
+            .component
+            .env_component()
+            .resource_index(resource.index);
+        let instance = self.instance(store);
+        let ty = ResourceType::guest(store.id(), instance, resource.index);
+        self.instance_mut(store)
+            .set_resource_destructor(index, dtor);
+        let i = self.instance_resource_types_mut(store).push(ty);
+        debug_assert_eq!(i, index);
+    }
+
+    fn extract_memory(&mut self, store: &mut StoreOpaque, memory: &ExtractMemory) {
+        let mem = match lookup_vmexport(store, self.id, &memory.export) {
+            crate::runtime::vm::Export::Memory { memory, .. } => memory,
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        };
+        let import = mem.vmimport(store);
+        self.instance_mut(store)
+            .set_runtime_memory(memory.index, import.from.as_non_null());
+    }
+
+    fn extract_realloc(&mut self, store: &mut StoreOpaque, realloc: &ExtractRealloc) {
+        let func_ref = match lookup_vmdef(store, self.id, &realloc.def) {
+            crate::runtime::vm::Export::Function(f) => f.vm_func_ref(store),
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        };
+        self.instance_mut(store)
+            .set_runtime_realloc(realloc.index, func_ref);
+    }
+
+    fn extract_callback(&mut self, store: &mut StoreOpaque, callback: &ExtractCallback) {
+        let func_ref = match lookup_vmdef(store, self.id, &callback.def) {
+            crate::runtime::vm::Export::Function(f) => f.vm_func_ref(store),
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        };
+        self.instance_mut(store)
+            .set_runtime_callback(callback.index, func_ref);
+    }
+
+    fn extract_post_return(&mut self, store: &mut StoreOpaque, post_return: &ExtractPostReturn) {
+        let func_ref = match lookup_vmdef(store, self.id, &post_return.def) {
+            crate::runtime::vm::Export::Function(f) => f.vm_func_ref(store),
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        };
+        self.instance_mut(store)
+            .set_runtime_post_return(post_return.index, func_ref);
+    }
+
+    fn extract_table(&mut self, store: &mut StoreOpaque, table: &ExtractTable) {
+        let export = match lookup_vmexport(store, self.id, &table.export) {
+            crate::runtime::vm::Export::Table(t) => t,
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        };
+        let import = export.vmimport(store);
+        self.instance_mut(store)
+            .set_runtime_table(table.index, import);
+    }
+
+    fn build_imports<'b>(
+        &mut self,
+        store: &mut StoreOpaque,
+        module: &Module,
+        args: impl Iterator<Item = &'b CoreDef>,
+    ) -> &OwnedImports {
+        self.core_imports.clear();
+        self.core_imports.reserve(module);
+        let mut imports = module.compiled_module().module().imports();
+
+        for arg in args {
+            // The general idea of Wasmtime is that at runtime type-checks for
+            // core wasm instantiations internally within a component are
+            // unnecessary and superfluous. Naturally though mistakes may be
+            // made, so double-check this property of wasmtime in debug mode.
+
+            if cfg!(debug_assertions) {
+                let (imp_module, imp_name, expected) = imports.next().unwrap();
+                self.assert_type_matches(store, module, arg, imp_module, imp_name, expected);
+            }
+
+            // The unsafety here should be ok since the `export` is loaded
+            // directly from an instance which should only give us valid export
+            // items.
+            let export = lookup_vmdef(store, self.id, arg);
+            self.core_imports.push_export(store, &export);
+        }
+        debug_assert!(imports.next().is_none());
+
+        &self.core_imports
+    }
+
+    fn assert_type_matches(
+        &self,
+        store: &mut StoreOpaque,
+        module: &Module,
+        arg: &CoreDef,
+        imp_module: &str,
+        imp_name: &str,
+        expected: EntityType,
+    ) {
+        let export = lookup_vmdef(store, self.id, arg);
+
+        // If this value is a core wasm function then the type check is inlined
+        // here. This can otherwise fail `Extern::from_wasmtime_export` because
+        // there's no guarantee that there exists a trampoline for `f` so this
+        // can't fall through to the case below
+        if let crate::runtime::vm::Export::Function(f) = &export {
+            let expected = match expected.unwrap_func() {
+                EngineOrModuleTypeIndex::Engine(e) => Some(e),
+                EngineOrModuleTypeIndex::Module(m) => module.signatures().shared_type(m),
+                EngineOrModuleTypeIndex::RecGroup(_) => unreachable!(),
+            };
+            let actual = unsafe { f.vm_func_ref(store).as_ref().type_index };
+            assert_eq!(
+                expected,
+                Some(actual),
+                "type mismatch for import {imp_module:?} {imp_name:?}!!!\n\n\
+                 expected {:#?}\n\n\
+                 found {:#?}",
+                expected.and_then(|e| store.engine().signatures().borrow(e)),
+                store.engine().signatures().borrow(actual)
+            );
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let val = unsafe { crate::Extern::from_wasmtime_export(export, store) };
+        let ty = DefinitionType::from(store, &val);
+        crate::types::matching::MatchCx::new(module.engine())
+            .definition(&expected, &ty)
+            .expect("unexpected typecheck failure");
+    }
+
+    /// Convenience helper to return the `&ComponentInstance` that's being
+    /// instantiated.
+    fn instance<'b>(&self, store: &'b StoreOpaque) -> &'b ComponentInstance {
+        store.store_data().component_instance(self.id)
+    }
+
+    /// Same as [`Self::instance`], but for mutability.
+    fn instance_mut<'b>(&self, store: &'b mut StoreOpaque) -> Pin<&'b mut ComponentInstance> {
+        store.store_data_mut().component_instance_mut(self.id)
+    }
+
+    // NB: This method is only intended to be called during the instantiation
+    // process because the `Arc::get_mut` here is fallible and won't generally
+    // succeed once the instance has been handed to the embedder. Before that
+    // though it should be guaranteed that the single owning reference currently
+    // lives within the `ComponentInstance` that's being built.
+    fn instance_resource_types_mut<'b>(
+        &self,
+        store: &'b mut StoreOpaque,
+    ) -> &'b mut ImportedResources {
+        Arc::get_mut(self.instance_mut(store).resource_types_mut()).unwrap()
+    }
+}
+
+/// A "pre-instantiated" [`Instance`] which has all of its arguments already
+/// supplied and is ready to instantiate.
+///
+/// This structure represents an efficient form of instantiation where import
+/// type-checking and import lookup has all been resolved by the time that this
+/// type is created. This type is primarily created through the
+/// [`Linker::instantiate_pre`](crate::component::Linker::instantiate_pre)
+/// method.
+pub struct InstancePre<T: 'static> {
+    component: Component,
+    imports: Arc<PrimaryMap<RuntimeImportIndex, RuntimeImport>>,
+    resource_types: Arc<PrimaryMap<ResourceIndex, ResourceType>>,
+    _marker: marker::PhantomData<fn() -> T>,
+}
+
+// `InstancePre`'s clone does not require `T: Clone`
+impl<T: 'static> Clone for InstancePre<T> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            component: self.component.clone(),
+            imports: self.imports.clone(),
+            resource_types: self.resource_types.clone(),
+            _marker: self._marker,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: 'static> InstancePre<T> {
+    /// This function is `unsafe` since there's no guarantee that the
+    /// `RuntimeImport` items provided are guaranteed to work with the `T` of
+    /// the store.
+    ///
+    /// Additionally there is no static guarantee that the `imports` provided
+    /// satisfy the imports of the `component` provided.
+    pub(crate) unsafe fn new_unchecked(
+        component: Component,
+        imports: Arc<PrimaryMap<RuntimeImportIndex, RuntimeImport>>,
+        resource_types: Arc<PrimaryMap<ResourceIndex, ResourceType>>,
+    ) -> InstancePre<T> {
+        InstancePre {
+            component,
+            imports,
+            resource_types,
+            _marker: marker::PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the underlying component that will be instantiated.
+    pub fn component(&self) -> &Component {
+        &self.component
+    }
+
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    /// Returns the type at which the underlying component will be
+    /// instantiated. This contains the instantiated type information which
+    /// was determined by the Linker.
+    pub fn instance_type(&self) -> InstanceType<'_> {
+        InstanceType {
+            types: &self.component.types(),
+            resources: &self.resource_types,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the underlying engine.
+    pub fn engine(&self) -> &Engine {
+        self.component.engine()
+    }
+
+    /// Performs the instantiation process into the store specified.
+    //
+    // TODO: needs more docs
+    pub fn instantiate(&self, store: impl AsContextMut<Data = T>) -> Result<Instance> {
+        assert!(
+            !store.as_context().async_support(),
+            "must use async instantiation when async support is enabled"
+        );
+        vm::assert_ready(self._instantiate(store))
+    }
+    /// Performs the instantiation process into the store specified.
+    ///
+    /// Exactly like [`Self::instantiate`] except for use on async stores.
+    //
+    // TODO: needs more docs
+    #[cfg(feature = "async")]
+    pub async fn instantiate_async(&self, store: impl AsContextMut<Data = T>) -> Result<Instance> {
+        self._instantiate(store).await
+    }
+
+    async fn _instantiate(&self, mut store: impl AsContextMut<Data = T>) -> Result<Instance> {
+        let mut store = store.as_context_mut();
+        store
+            .engine()
+            .allocator()
+            .increment_component_instance_count()?;
+        let mut instantiator = Instantiator::new(&self.component, store.0, &self.imports);
+        instantiator.run(&mut store).await.map_err(|e| {
+            store
+                .engine()
+                .allocator()
+                .decrement_component_instance_count();
+            e
+        })?;
+        let instance = Instance::from_wasmtime(store.0, instantiator.id);
+        store.0.push_component_instance(instance);
+        Ok(instance)
+    }
+}