wasmtime 37.0.2 → 38.0.4

data/ext/cargo-vendor/wasmtime-38.0.4/src/runtime/module.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,1231 @@
+use crate::prelude::*;
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+use crate::runtime::vm::open_file_for_mmap;
+use crate::runtime::vm::{CompiledModuleId, MmapVec, ModuleMemoryImages, VMWasmCallFunction};
+use crate::sync::OnceLock;
+use crate::{
+    Engine,
+    code::CodeObject,
+    code_memory::CodeMemory,
+    instantiate::CompiledModule,
+    resources::ResourcesRequired,
+    types::{ExportType, ExternType, ImportType},
+};
+use alloc::sync::Arc;
+use core::fmt;
+use core::ops::Range;
+use core::ptr::NonNull;
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+use std::{fs::File, path::Path};
+use wasmparser::{Parser, ValidPayload, Validator};
+use wasmtime_environ::{
+    CompiledFunctionsTable, CompiledModuleInfo, EntityIndex, HostPtr, ModuleTypes, ObjectKind,
+    TypeTrace, VMOffsets, VMSharedTypeIndex,
+};
+#[cfg(feature = "gc")]
+use wasmtime_unwinder::ExceptionTable;
+mod registry;
+
+pub use registry::*;
+
+/// A compiled WebAssembly module, ready to be instantiated.
+///
+/// A `Module` is a compiled in-memory representation of an input WebAssembly
+/// binary. A `Module` is then used to create an [`Instance`](crate::Instance)
+/// through an instantiation process. You cannot call functions or fetch
+/// globals, for example, on a `Module` because it's purely a code
+/// representation. Instead you'll need to create an
+/// [`Instance`](crate::Instance) to interact with the wasm module.
+///
+/// A `Module` can be created by compiling WebAssembly code through APIs such as
+/// [`Module::new`]. This would be a JIT-style use case where code is compiled
+/// just before it's used. Alternatively a `Module` can be compiled in one
+/// process and [`Module::serialize`] can be used to save it to storage. A later
+/// call to [`Module::deserialize`] will quickly load the module to execute and
+/// does not need to compile any code, representing a more AOT-style use case.
+///
+/// Currently a `Module` does not implement any form of tiering or dynamic
+/// optimization of compiled code. Creation of a `Module` via [`Module::new`] or
+/// related APIs will perform the entire compilation step synchronously. When
+/// finished no further compilation will happen at runtime or later during
+/// execution of WebAssembly instances for example.
+///
+/// Compilation of WebAssembly by default goes through Cranelift and is
+/// recommended to be done once-per-module. The same WebAssembly binary need not
+/// be compiled multiple times and can instead used an embedder-cached result of
+/// the first call.
+///
+/// `Module` is thread-safe and safe to share across threads.
+///
+/// ## Modules and `Clone`
+///
+/// Using `clone` on a `Module` is a cheap operation. It will not create an
+/// entirely new module, but rather just a new reference to the existing module.
+/// In other words it's a shallow copy, not a deep copy.
+///
+/// ## Examples
+///
+/// There are a number of ways you can create a `Module`, for example pulling
+/// the bytes from a number of locations. One example is loading a module from
+/// the filesystem:
+///
+/// ```no_run
+/// # use wasmtime::*;
+/// # fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+/// let engine = Engine::default();
+/// let module = Module::from_file(&engine, "path/to/foo.wasm")?;
+/// # Ok(())
+/// # }
+/// ```
+///
+/// You can also load the wasm text format if more convenient too:
+///
+/// ```no_run
+/// # use wasmtime::*;
+/// # fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+/// let engine = Engine::default();
+/// // Now we're using the WebAssembly text extension: `.wat`!
+/// let module = Module::from_file(&engine, "path/to/foo.wat")?;
+/// # Ok(())
+/// # }
+/// ```
+///
+/// And if you've already got the bytes in-memory you can use the
+/// [`Module::new`] constructor:
+///
+/// ```no_run
+/// # use wasmtime::*;
+/// # fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+/// let engine = Engine::default();
+/// # let wasm_bytes: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
+/// let module = Module::new(&engine, &wasm_bytes)?;
+///
+/// // It also works with the text format!
+/// let module = Module::new(&engine, "(module (func))")?;
+/// # Ok(())
+/// # }
+/// ```
+///
+/// Serializing and deserializing a module looks like:
+///
+/// ```no_run
+/// # use wasmtime::*;
+/// # fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+/// let engine = Engine::default();
+/// # let wasm_bytes: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
+/// let module = Module::new(&engine, &wasm_bytes)?;
+/// let module_bytes = module.serialize()?;
+///
+/// // ... can save `module_bytes` to disk or other storage ...
+///
+/// // recreate the module from the serialized bytes. For the `unsafe` bits
+/// // see the documentation of `deserialize`.
+/// let module = unsafe { Module::deserialize(&engine, &module_bytes)? };
+/// # Ok(())
+/// # }
+/// ```
+///
+/// [`Config`]: crate::Config
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct Module {
+    inner: Arc<ModuleInner>,
+}
+
+struct ModuleInner {
+    engine: Engine,
+    /// The compiled artifacts for this module that will be instantiated and
+    /// executed.
+    module: CompiledModule,
+
+    /// Runtime information such as the underlying mmap, type information, etc.
+    ///
+    /// Note that this `Arc` is used to share information between compiled
+    /// modules within a component. For bare core wasm modules created with
+    /// `Module::new`, for example, this is a uniquely owned `Arc`.
+    code: Arc<CodeObject>,
+
+    /// A set of initialization images for memories, if any.
+    ///
+    /// Note that this is behind a `OnceCell` to lazily create this image. On
+    /// Linux where `memfd_create` may be used to create the backing memory
+    /// image this is a pretty expensive operation, so by deferring it this
+    /// improves memory usage for modules that are created but may not ever be
+    /// instantiated.
+    memory_images: OnceLock<Option<ModuleMemoryImages>>,
+
+    /// Flag indicating whether this module can be serialized or not.
+    #[cfg(any(feature = "cranelift", feature = "winch"))]
+    serializable: bool,
+
+    /// Runtime offset information for `VMContext`.
+    offsets: VMOffsets<HostPtr>,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for Module {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("Module")
+            .field("name", &self.name())
+            .finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for ModuleInner {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("ModuleInner")
+            .field("name", &self.module.module().name.as_ref())
+            .finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Module {
+    /// Creates a new WebAssembly `Module` from the given in-memory `bytes`.
+    ///
+    /// The `bytes` provided must be in one of the following formats:
+    ///
+    /// * A [binary-encoded][binary] WebAssembly module. This is always supported.
+    /// * A [text-encoded][text] instance of the WebAssembly text format.
+    ///   This is only supported when the `wat` feature of this crate is enabled.
+    ///   If this is supplied then the text format will be parsed before validation.
+    ///   Note that the `wat` feature is enabled by default.
+    ///
+    /// The data for the wasm module must be loaded in-memory if it's present
+    /// elsewhere, for example on disk. This requires that the entire binary is
+    /// loaded into memory all at once, this API does not support streaming
+    /// compilation of a module.
+    ///
+    /// The WebAssembly binary will be decoded and validated. It will also be
+    /// compiled according to the configuration of the provided `engine`.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// This function may fail and return an error. Errors may include
+    /// situations such as:
+    ///
+    /// * The binary provided could not be decoded because it's not a valid
+    ///   WebAssembly binary
+    /// * The WebAssembly binary may not validate (e.g. contains type errors)
+    /// * Implementation-specific limits were exceeded with a valid binary (for
+    ///   example too many locals)
+    /// * The wasm binary may use features that are not enabled in the
+    ///   configuration of `engine`
+    /// * If the `wat` feature is enabled and the input is text, then it may be
+    ///   rejected if it fails to parse.
+    ///
+    /// The error returned should contain full information about why module
+    /// creation failed if one is returned.
+    ///
+    /// [binary]: https://webassembly.github.io/spec/core/binary/index.html
+    /// [text]: https://webassembly.github.io/spec/core/text/index.html
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// The `new` function can be invoked with a in-memory array of bytes:
+    ///
+    /// ```no_run
+    /// # use wasmtime::*;
+    /// # fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    /// # let engine = Engine::default();
+    /// # let wasm_bytes: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
+    /// let module = Module::new(&engine, &wasm_bytes)?;
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Or you can also pass in a string to be parsed as the wasm text
+    /// format:
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # use wasmtime::*;
+    /// # fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    /// # let engine = Engine::default();
+    /// let module = Module::new(&engine, "(module (func))")?;
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    #[cfg(any(feature = "cranelift", feature = "winch"))]
+    pub fn new(engine: &Engine, bytes: impl AsRef<[u8]>) -> Result<Module> {
+        crate::CodeBuilder::new(engine)
+            .wasm_binary_or_text(bytes.as_ref(), None)?
+            .compile_module()
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a new WebAssembly `Module` from the contents of the given
+    /// `file` on disk.
+    ///
+    /// This is a convenience function that will read the `file` provided and
+    /// pass the bytes to the [`Module::new`] function. For more information
+    /// see [`Module::new`]
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```no_run
+    /// # use wasmtime::*;
+    /// # fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    /// let engine = Engine::default();
+    /// let module = Module::from_file(&engine, "./path/to/foo.wasm")?;
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// The `.wat` text format is also supported:
+    ///
+    /// ```no_run
+    /// # use wasmtime::*;
+    /// # fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    /// # let engine = Engine::default();
+    /// let module = Module::from_file(&engine, "./path/to/foo.wat")?;
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    #[cfg(all(feature = "std", any(feature = "cranelift", feature = "winch")))]
+    pub fn from_file(engine: &Engine, file: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Result<Module> {
+        crate::CodeBuilder::new(engine)
+            .wasm_binary_or_text_file(file.as_ref())?
+            .compile_module()
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a new WebAssembly `Module` from the given in-memory `binary`
+    /// data.
+    ///
+    /// This is similar to [`Module::new`] except that it requires that the
+    /// `binary` input is a WebAssembly binary, the text format is not supported
+    /// by this function. It's generally recommended to use [`Module::new`], but
+    /// if it's required to not support the text format this function can be
+    /// used instead.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # use wasmtime::*;
+    /// # fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    /// # let engine = Engine::default();
+    /// let wasm = b"\0asm\x01\0\0\0";
+    /// let module = Module::from_binary(&engine, wasm)?;
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Note that the text format is **not** accepted by this function:
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # use wasmtime::*;
+    /// # fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    /// # let engine = Engine::default();
+    /// assert!(Module::from_binary(&engine, b"(module)").is_err());
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    #[cfg(any(feature = "cranelift", feature = "winch"))]
+    pub fn from_binary(engine: &Engine, binary: &[u8]) -> Result<Module> {
+        crate::CodeBuilder::new(engine)
+            .wasm_binary(binary, None)?
+            .compile_module()
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a new WebAssembly `Module` from the contents of the given `file`
+    /// on disk, but with assumptions that the file is from a trusted source.
+    /// The file should be a binary- or text-format WebAssembly module, or a
+    /// precompiled artifact generated by the same version of Wasmtime.
+    ///
+    /// # Unsafety
+    ///
+    /// All of the reasons that [`deserialize`] is `unsafe` apply to this
+    /// function as well. Arbitrary data loaded from a file may trick Wasmtime
+    /// into arbitrary code execution since the contents of the file are not
+    /// validated to be a valid precompiled module.
+    ///
+    /// [`deserialize`]: Module::deserialize
+    ///
+    /// Additionally though this function is also `unsafe` because the file
+    /// referenced must remain unchanged and a valid precompiled module for the
+    /// entire lifetime of the [`Module`] returned. Any changes to the file on
+    /// disk may change future instantiations of the module to be incorrect.
+    /// This is because the file is mapped into memory and lazily loaded pages
+    /// reflect the current state of the file, not necessarily the original
+    /// state of the file.
+    #[cfg(all(feature = "std", any(feature = "cranelift", feature = "winch")))]
+    pub unsafe fn from_trusted_file(engine: &Engine, file: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Result<Module> {
+        let open_file = open_file_for_mmap(file.as_ref())?;
+        let mmap = crate::runtime::vm::MmapVec::from_file(open_file)?;
+        if &mmap[0..4] == b"\x7fELF" {
+            let code = engine.load_code(mmap, ObjectKind::Module)?;
+            return Module::from_parts(engine, code, None);
+        }
+
+        crate::CodeBuilder::new(engine)
+            .wasm_binary_or_text(&mmap[..], Some(file.as_ref()))?
+            .compile_module()
+    }
+
+    /// Deserializes an in-memory compiled module previously created with
+    /// [`Module::serialize`] or [`Engine::precompile_module`].
+    ///
+    /// This function will deserialize the binary blobs emitted by
+    /// [`Module::serialize`] and [`Engine::precompile_module`] back into an
+    /// in-memory [`Module`] that's ready to be instantiated.
+    ///
+    /// Note that the [`Module::deserialize_file`] method is more optimized than
+    /// this function, so if the serialized module is already present in a file
+    /// it's recommended to use that method instead.
+    ///
+    /// # Unsafety
+    ///
+    /// This function is marked as `unsafe` because if fed invalid input or used
+    /// improperly this could lead to memory safety vulnerabilities. This method
+    /// should not, for example, be exposed to arbitrary user input.
+    ///
+    /// The structure of the binary blob read here is only lightly validated
+    /// internally in `wasmtime`. This is intended to be an efficient
+    /// "rehydration" for a [`Module`] which has very few runtime checks beyond
+    /// deserialization. Arbitrary input could, for example, replace valid
+    /// compiled code with any other valid compiled code, meaning that this can
+    /// trivially be used to execute arbitrary code otherwise.
+    ///
+    /// For these reasons this function is `unsafe`. This function is only
+    /// designed to receive the previous input from [`Module::serialize`] and
+    /// [`Engine::precompile_module`]. If the exact output of those functions
+    /// (unmodified) is passed to this function then calls to this function can
+    /// be considered safe. It is the caller's responsibility to provide the
+    /// guarantee that only previously-serialized bytes are being passed in
+    /// here.
+    ///
+    /// Note that this function is designed to be safe receiving output from
+    /// *any* compiled version of `wasmtime` itself. This means that it is safe
+    /// to feed output from older versions of Wasmtime into this function, in
+    /// addition to newer versions of wasmtime (from the future!). These inputs
+    /// will deterministically and safely produce an `Err`. This function only
+    /// successfully accepts inputs from the same version of `wasmtime`, but the
+    /// safety guarantee only applies to externally-defined blobs of bytes, not
+    /// those defined by any version of wasmtime. (this means that if you cache
+    /// blobs across versions of wasmtime you can be safely guaranteed that
+    /// future versions of wasmtime will reject old cache entries).
+    pub unsafe fn deserialize(engine: &Engine, bytes: impl AsRef<[u8]>) -> Result<Module> {
+        let code = engine.load_code_bytes(bytes.as_ref(), ObjectKind::Module)?;
+        Module::from_parts(engine, code, None)
+    }
+
+    /// In-place deserialization of an in-memory compiled module previously
+    /// created with [`Module::serialize`] or [`Engine::precompile_module`].
+    ///
+    /// See [`Self::deserialize`] for additional information; this method
+    /// works identically except that it will not create a copy of the provided
+    /// memory but will use it directly.
+    ///
+    /// # Unsafety
+    ///
+    /// All of the safety notes from [`Self::deserialize`] apply here as well
+    /// with the additional constraint that the code memory provide by `memory`
+    /// lives for as long as the module and is nevery externally modified for
+    /// the lifetime of the deserialized module.
+    pub unsafe fn deserialize_raw(engine: &Engine, memory: NonNull<[u8]>) -> Result<Module> {
+        // SAFETY: the contract required by `load_code_raw` is the same as this
+        // function.
+        let code = unsafe { engine.load_code_raw(memory, ObjectKind::Module)? };
+        Module::from_parts(engine, code, None)
+    }
+
+    /// Same as [`deserialize`], except that the contents of `path` are read to
+    /// deserialize into a [`Module`].
+    ///
+    /// This method is provided because it can be faster than [`deserialize`]
+    /// since the data doesn't need to be copied around, but rather the module
+    /// can be used directly from an mmap'd view of the file provided.
+    ///
+    /// [`deserialize`]: Module::deserialize
+    ///
+    /// # Unsafety
+    ///
+    /// All of the reasons that [`deserialize`] is `unsafe` applies to this
+    /// function as well. Arbitrary data loaded from a file may trick Wasmtime
+    /// into arbitrary code execution since the contents of the file are not
+    /// validated to be a valid precompiled module.
+    ///
+    /// Additionally though this function is also `unsafe` because the file
+    /// referenced must remain unchanged and a valid precompiled module for the
+    /// entire lifetime of the [`Module`] returned. Any changes to the file on
+    /// disk may change future instantiations of the module to be incorrect.
+    /// This is because the file is mapped into memory and lazily loaded pages
+    /// reflect the current state of the file, not necessarily the original
+    /// state of the file.
+    #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+    pub unsafe fn deserialize_file(engine: &Engine, path: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Result<Module> {
+        let file = open_file_for_mmap(path.as_ref())?;
+        // SAFETY: the contract of `deserialize_open_file` is the samea s this
+        // function.
+        unsafe {
+            Self::deserialize_open_file(engine, file)
+                .with_context(|| format!("failed deserialization for: {}", path.as_ref().display()))
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Same as [`deserialize_file`], except that it takes an open `File`
+    /// instead of a path.
+    ///
+    /// This method is provided because it can be used instead of
+    /// [`deserialize_file`] in situations where `wasmtime` is running with
+    /// limited file system permissions. In that case a process
+    /// with file system access can pass already opened files to `wasmtime`.
+    ///
+    /// [`deserialize_file`]: Module::deserialize_file
+    ///
+    /// Note that the corresponding will be mapped as private writeable
+    /// (copy-on-write) and executable. For `windows` this means the file needs
+    /// to be opened with at least `FILE_GENERIC_READ | FILE_GENERIC_EXECUTE`
+    /// [`access_mode`].
+    ///
+    /// [`access_mode`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/os/windows/fs/trait.OpenOptionsExt.html#tymethod.access_mode
+    ///
+    /// # Unsafety
+    ///
+    /// All of the reasons that [`deserialize_file`] is `unsafe` applies to this
+    /// function as well.
+    #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+    pub unsafe fn deserialize_open_file(engine: &Engine, file: File) -> Result<Module> {
+        let code = engine.load_code_file(file, ObjectKind::Module)?;
+        Module::from_parts(engine, code, None)
+    }
+
+    /// Entrypoint for creating a `Module` for all above functions, both
+    /// of the AOT and jit-compiled categories.
+    ///
+    /// In all cases the compilation artifact, `code_memory`, is provided here.
+    /// The `info_and_types` argument is `None` when a module is being
+    /// deserialized from a precompiled artifact or it's `Some` if it was just
+    /// compiled and the values are already available.
+    pub(crate) fn from_parts(
+        engine: &Engine,
+        code_memory: Arc<CodeMemory>,
+        info_and_types: Option<(CompiledModuleInfo, CompiledFunctionsTable, ModuleTypes)>,
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
+        // Acquire this module's metadata and type information, deserializing
+        // it from the provided artifact if it wasn't otherwise provided
+        // already.
+        let (mut info, index, mut types) = match info_and_types {
+            Some((info, index, types)) => (info, index, types),
+            None => postcard::from_bytes(code_memory.wasmtime_info())?,
+        };
+
+        // Register function type signatures into the engine for the lifetime
+        // of the `Module` that will be returned. This notably also builds up
+        // maps for trampolines to be used for this module when inserted into
+        // stores.
+        //
+        // Note that the unsafety here should be ok since the `trampolines`
+        // field should only point to valid trampoline function pointers
+        // within the text section.
+        let signatures =
+            engine.register_and_canonicalize_types(&mut types, core::iter::once(&mut info.module));
+
+        // Package up all our data into a `CodeObject` and delegate to the final
+        // step of module compilation.
+        let code = Arc::new(CodeObject::new(code_memory, signatures, types.into()));
+        let index = Arc::new(index);
+        Module::from_parts_raw(engine, code, info, index, true)
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn from_parts_raw(
+        engine: &Engine,
+        code: Arc<CodeObject>,
+        info: CompiledModuleInfo,
+        index: Arc<CompiledFunctionsTable>,
+        serializable: bool,
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
+        let module = CompiledModule::from_artifacts(
+            code.code_memory().clone(),
+            info,
+            index,
+            engine.profiler(),
+        )?;
+
+        // Validate the module can be used with the current instance allocator.
+        let offsets = VMOffsets::new(HostPtr, module.module());
+        engine
+            .allocator()
+            .validate_module(module.module(), &offsets)?;
+
+        let _ = serializable;
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            inner: Arc::new(ModuleInner {
+                engine: engine.clone(),
+                code,
+                memory_images: OnceLock::new(),
+                module,
+                #[cfg(any(feature = "cranelift", feature = "winch"))]
+                serializable,
+                offsets,
+            }),
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Validates `binary` input data as a WebAssembly binary given the
+    /// configuration in `engine`.
+    ///
+    /// This function will perform a speedy validation of the `binary` input
+    /// WebAssembly module (which is in [binary form][binary], the text format
+    /// is not accepted by this function) and return either `Ok` or `Err`
+    /// depending on the results of validation. The `engine` argument indicates
+    /// configuration for WebAssembly features, for example, which are used to
+    /// indicate what should be valid and what shouldn't be.
+    ///
+    /// Validation automatically happens as part of [`Module::new`].
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// If validation fails for any reason (type check error, usage of a feature
+    /// that wasn't enabled, etc) then an error with a description of the
+    /// validation issue will be returned.
+    ///
+    /// [binary]: https://webassembly.github.io/spec/core/binary/index.html
+    pub fn validate(engine: &Engine, binary: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
+        let mut validator = Validator::new_with_features(engine.features());
+
+        let mut functions = Vec::new();
+        for payload in Parser::new(0).parse_all(binary) {
+            let payload = payload?;
+            if let ValidPayload::Func(a, b) = validator.payload(&payload)? {
+                functions.push((a, b));
+            }
+            if let wasmparser::Payload::Version { encoding, .. } = &payload {
+                if let wasmparser::Encoding::Component = encoding {
+                    bail!("component passed to module validation");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        engine.run_maybe_parallel(functions, |(validator, body)| {
+            // FIXME: it would be best here to use a rayon-specific parallel
+            // iterator that maintains state-per-thread to share the function
+            // validator allocations (`Default::default` here) across multiple
+            // functions.
+            validator.into_validator(Default::default()).validate(&body)
+        })?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Serializes this module to a vector of bytes.
+    ///
+    /// This function is similar to the [`Engine::precompile_module`] method
+    /// where it produces an artifact of Wasmtime which is suitable to later
+    /// pass into [`Module::deserialize`]. If a module is never instantiated
+    /// then it's recommended to use [`Engine::precompile_module`] instead of
+    /// this method, but if a module is both instantiated and serialized then
+    /// this method can be useful to get the serialized version without
+    /// compiling twice.
+    #[cfg(any(feature = "cranelift", feature = "winch"))]
+    pub fn serialize(&self) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
+        // The current representation of compiled modules within a compiled
+        // component means that it cannot be serialized. The mmap returned here
+        // is the mmap for the entire component and while it contains all
+        // necessary data to deserialize this particular module it's all
+        // embedded within component-specific information.
+        //
+        // It's not the hardest thing in the world to support this but it's
+        // expected that there's not much of a use case at this time. In theory
+        // all that needs to be done is to edit the `.wasmtime.info` section
+        // to contains this module's metadata instead of the metadata for the
+        // whole component. The metadata itself is fairly trivially
+        // recreateable here it's more that there's no easy one-off API for
+        // editing the sections of an ELF object to use here.
+        //
+        // Overall for now this simply always returns an error in this
+        // situation. If you're reading this and feel that the situation should
+        // be different please feel free to open an issue.
+        if !self.inner.serializable {
+            bail!("cannot serialize a module exported from a component");
+        }
+        Ok(self.compiled_module().mmap().to_vec())
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn compiled_module(&self) -> &CompiledModule {
+        &self.inner.module
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn code_object(&self) -> &Arc<CodeObject> {
+        &self.inner.code
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn env_module(&self) -> &Arc<wasmtime_environ::Module> {
+        self.compiled_module().module()
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn types(&self) -> &ModuleTypes {
+        self.inner.code.module_types()
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(any(feature = "component-model", feature = "gc-drc"))]
+    pub(crate) fn signatures(&self) -> &crate::type_registry::TypeCollection {
+        self.inner.code.signatures()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns identifier/name that this [`Module`] has. This name
+    /// is used in traps/backtrace details.
+    ///
+    /// Note that most LLVM/clang/Rust-produced modules do not have a name
+    /// associated with them, but other wasm tooling can be used to inject or
+    /// add a name.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # use wasmtime::*;
+    /// # fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    /// # let engine = Engine::default();
+    /// let module = Module::new(&engine, "(module $foo)")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(module.name(), Some("foo"));
+    ///
+    /// let module = Module::new(&engine, "(module)")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(module.name(), None);
+    ///
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn name(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        self.compiled_module().module().name.as_deref()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the list of imports that this [`Module`] has and must be
+    /// satisfied.
+    ///
+    /// This function returns the list of imports that the wasm module has, but
+    /// only the types of each import. The type of each import is used to
+    /// typecheck the [`Instance::new`](crate::Instance::new) method's `imports`
+    /// argument. The arguments to that function must match up 1-to-1 with the
+    /// entries in the array returned here.
+    ///
+    /// The imports returned reflect the order of the imports in the wasm module
+    /// itself, and note that no form of deduplication happens.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// Modules with no imports return an empty list here:
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # use wasmtime::*;
+    /// # fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    /// # let engine = Engine::default();
+    /// let module = Module::new(&engine, "(module)")?;
+    /// assert_eq!(module.imports().len(), 0);
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// and modules with imports will have a non-empty list:
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # use wasmtime::*;
+    /// # fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    /// # let engine = Engine::default();
+    /// let wat = r#"
+    ///     (module
+    ///         (import "host" "foo" (func))
+    ///     )
+    /// "#;
+    /// let module = Module::new(&engine, wat)?;
+    /// assert_eq!(module.imports().len(), 1);
+    /// let import = module.imports().next().unwrap();
+    /// assert_eq!(import.module(), "host");
+    /// assert_eq!(import.name(), "foo");
+    /// match import.ty() {
+    ///     ExternType::Func(_) => { /* ... */ }
+    ///     _ => panic!("unexpected import type!"),
+    /// }
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn imports<'module>(
+        &'module self,
+    ) -> impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = ImportType<'module>> + 'module {
+        let module = self.compiled_module().module();
+        let types = self.types();
+        let engine = self.engine();
+        module
+            .imports()
+            .map(move |(imp_mod, imp_field, ty)| {
+                debug_assert!(ty.is_canonicalized_for_runtime_usage());
+                ImportType::new(imp_mod, imp_field, ty, types, engine)
+            })
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+            .into_iter()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the list of exports that this [`Module`] has and will be
+    /// available after instantiation.
+    ///
+    /// This function will return the type of each item that will be returned
+    /// from [`Instance::exports`](crate::Instance::exports). Each entry in this
+    /// list corresponds 1-to-1 with that list, and the entries here will
+    /// indicate the name of the export along with the type of the export.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// Modules might not have any exports:
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # use wasmtime::*;
+    /// # fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    /// # let engine = Engine::default();
+    /// let module = Module::new(&engine, "(module)")?;
+    /// assert!(module.exports().next().is_none());
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// When the exports are not empty, you can inspect each export:
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # use wasmtime::*;
+    /// # fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    /// # let engine = Engine::default();
+    /// let wat = r#"
+    ///     (module
+    ///         (func (export "foo"))
+    ///         (memory (export "memory") 1)
+    ///     )
+    /// "#;
+    /// let module = Module::new(&engine, wat)?;
+    /// assert_eq!(module.exports().len(), 2);
+    ///
+    /// let mut exports = module.exports();
+    /// let foo = exports.next().unwrap();
+    /// assert_eq!(foo.name(), "foo");
+    /// match foo.ty() {
+    ///     ExternType::Func(_) => { /* ... */ }
+    ///     _ => panic!("unexpected export type!"),
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// let memory = exports.next().unwrap();
+    /// assert_eq!(memory.name(), "memory");
+    /// match memory.ty() {
+    ///     ExternType::Memory(_) => { /* ... */ }
+    ///     _ => panic!("unexpected export type!"),
+    /// }
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn exports<'module>(
+        &'module self,
+    ) -> impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = ExportType<'module>> + 'module {
+        let module = self.compiled_module().module();
+        let types = self.types();
+        let engine = self.engine();
+        module.exports.iter().map(move |(name, entity_index)| {
+            ExportType::new(name, module.type_of(*entity_index), types, engine)
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Looks up an export in this [`Module`] by name.
+    ///
+    /// This function will return the type of an export with the given name.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// There may be no export with that name:
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # use wasmtime::*;
+    /// # fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    /// # let engine = Engine::default();
+    /// let module = Module::new(&engine, "(module)")?;
+    /// assert!(module.get_export("foo").is_none());
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// When there is an export with that name, it is returned:
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # use wasmtime::*;
+    /// # fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    /// # let engine = Engine::default();
+    /// let wat = r#"
+    ///     (module
+    ///         (func (export "foo"))
+    ///         (memory (export "memory") 1)
+    ///     )
+    /// "#;
+    /// let module = Module::new(&engine, wat)?;
+    /// let foo = module.get_export("foo");
+    /// assert!(foo.is_some());
+    ///
+    /// let foo = foo.unwrap();
+    /// match foo {
+    ///     ExternType::Func(_) => { /* ... */ }
+    ///     _ => panic!("unexpected export type!"),
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn get_export(&self, name: &str) -> Option<ExternType> {
+        let module = self.compiled_module().module();
+        let entity_index = module.exports.get(name)?;
+        Some(ExternType::from_wasmtime(
+            self.engine(),
+            self.types(),
+            &module.type_of(*entity_index),
+        ))
+    }
+
+    /// Looks up an export in this [`Module`] by name to get its index.
+    ///
+    /// This function will return the index of an export with the given name. This can be useful
+    /// to avoid the cost of looking up the export by name multiple times. Instead the
+    /// [`ModuleExport`] can be stored and used to look up the export on the
+    /// [`Instance`](crate::Instance) later.
+    pub fn get_export_index(&self, name: &str) -> Option<ModuleExport> {
+        let compiled_module = self.compiled_module();
+        let module = compiled_module.module();
+        let entity = *module.exports.get(name)?;
+        Some(ModuleExport {
+            module: self.id(),
+            entity,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the [`Engine`] that this [`Module`] was compiled by.
+    pub fn engine(&self) -> &Engine {
+        &self.inner.engine
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a summary of the resources required to instantiate this
+    /// [`Module`].
+    ///
+    /// Potential uses of the returned information:
+    ///
+    /// * Determining whether your pooling allocator configuration supports
+    ///   instantiating this module.
+    ///
+    /// * Deciding how many of which `Module` you want to instantiate within a
+    ///   fixed amount of resources, e.g. determining whether to create 5
+    ///   instances of module X or 10 instances of module Y.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # fn main() -> wasmtime::Result<()> {
+    /// use wasmtime::{Config, Engine, Module};
+    ///
+    /// let mut config = Config::new();
+    /// config.wasm_multi_memory(true);
+    /// let engine = Engine::new(&config)?;
+    ///
+    /// let module = Module::new(&engine, r#"
+    ///     (module
+    ///         ;; Import a memory. Doesn't count towards required resources.
+    ///         (import "a" "b" (memory 10))
+    ///         ;; Define two local memories. These count towards the required
+    ///         ;; resources.
+    ///         (memory 1)
+    ///         (memory 6)
+    ///     )
+    /// "#)?;
+    ///
+    /// let resources = module.resources_required();
+    ///
+    /// // Instantiating the module will require allocating two memories, and
+    /// // the maximum initial memory size is six Wasm pages.
+    /// assert_eq!(resources.num_memories, 2);
+    /// assert_eq!(resources.max_initial_memory_size, Some(6));
+    ///
+    /// // The module doesn't need any tables.
+    /// assert_eq!(resources.num_tables, 0);
+    /// assert_eq!(resources.max_initial_table_size, None);
+    /// # Ok(()) }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn resources_required(&self) -> ResourcesRequired {
+        let em = self.env_module();
+        let num_memories = u32::try_from(em.num_defined_memories()).unwrap();
+        let max_initial_memory_size = em
+            .memories
+            .values()
+            .skip(em.num_imported_memories)
+            .map(|memory| memory.limits.min)
+            .max();
+        let num_tables = u32::try_from(em.num_defined_tables()).unwrap();
+        let max_initial_table_size = em
+            .tables
+            .values()
+            .skip(em.num_imported_tables)
+            .map(|table| table.limits.min)
+            .max();
+        ResourcesRequired {
+            num_memories,
+            max_initial_memory_size,
+            num_tables,
+            max_initial_table_size,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the range of bytes in memory where this module's compilation
+    /// image resides.
+    ///
+    /// The compilation image for a module contains executable code, data, debug
+    /// information, etc. This is roughly the same as the `Module::serialize`
+    /// but not the exact same.
+    ///
+    /// The range of memory reported here is exposed to allow low-level
+    /// manipulation of the memory in platform-specific manners such as using
+    /// `mlock` to force the contents to be paged in immediately or keep them
+    /// paged in after they're loaded.
+    ///
+    /// It is not safe to modify the memory in this range, nor is it safe to
+    /// modify the protections of memory in this range.
+    pub fn image_range(&self) -> Range<*const u8> {
+        self.compiled_module().mmap().image_range()
+    }
+
+    /// Force initialization of copy-on-write images to happen here-and-now
+    /// instead of when they're requested during first instantiation.
+    ///
+    /// When [copy-on-write memory
+    /// initialization](crate::Config::memory_init_cow) is enabled then Wasmtime
+    /// will lazily create the initialization image for a module. This method
+    /// can be used to explicitly dictate when this initialization happens.
+    ///
+    /// Note that this largely only matters on Linux when memfd is used.
+    /// Otherwise the copy-on-write image typically comes from disk and in that
+    /// situation the creation of the image is trivial as the image is always
+    /// sourced from disk. On Linux, though, when memfd is used a memfd is
+    /// created and the initialization image is written to it.
+    ///
+    /// Also note that this method is not required to be called, it's available
+    /// as a performance optimization if required but is otherwise handled
+    /// automatically.
+    pub fn initialize_copy_on_write_image(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.memory_images()?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Get the map from `.text` section offsets to Wasm binary offsets for this
+    /// module.
+    ///
+    /// Each entry is a (`.text` section offset, Wasm binary offset) pair.
+    ///
+    /// Entries are yielded in order of `.text` section offset.
+    ///
+    /// Some entries are missing a Wasm binary offset. This is for code that is
+    /// not associated with any single location in the Wasm binary, or for when
+    /// source information was optimized away.
+    ///
+    /// Not every module has an address map, since address map generation can be
+    /// turned off on `Config`.
+    ///
+    /// There is not an entry for every `.text` section offset. Every offset
+    /// after an entry's offset, but before the next entry's offset, is
+    /// considered to map to the same Wasm binary offset as the original
+    /// entry. For example, the address map will not contain the following
+    /// sequence of entries:
+    ///
+    /// ```ignore
+    /// [
+    ///     // ...
+    ///     (10, Some(42)),
+    ///     (11, Some(42)),
+    ///     (12, Some(42)),
+    ///     (13, Some(43)),
+    ///     // ...
+    /// ]
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Instead, it will drop the entries for offsets `11` and `12` since they
+    /// are the same as the entry for offset `10`:
+    ///
+    /// ```ignore
+    /// [
+    ///     // ...
+    ///     (10, Some(42)),
+    ///     (13, Some(43)),
+    ///     // ...
+    /// ]
+    /// ```
+    pub fn address_map<'a>(&'a self) -> Option<impl Iterator<Item = (usize, Option<u32>)> + 'a> {
+        Some(
+            wasmtime_environ::iterate_address_map(
+                self.code_object().code_memory().address_map_data(),
+            )?
+            .map(|(offset, file_pos)| (offset as usize, file_pos.file_offset())),
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// Get this module's code object's `.text` section, containing its compiled
+    /// executable code.
+    pub fn text(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        self.code_object().code_memory().text()
+    }
+
+    /// Get information about functions in this module's `.text` section: their
+    /// index, name, and offset+length.
+    ///
+    /// Results are yielded in a ModuleFunction struct.
+    pub fn functions<'a>(&'a self) -> impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = ModuleFunction> + 'a {
+        let module = self.compiled_module();
+        module.finished_functions().map(|(idx, _)| {
+            let loc = module.func_loc(idx);
+            let idx = module.module().func_index(idx);
+            ModuleFunction {
+                index: idx,
+                name: module.func_name(idx).map(|n| n.to_string()),
+                offset: loc.start as usize,
+                len: loc.length as usize,
+            }
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn id(&self) -> CompiledModuleId {
+        self.inner.module.unique_id()
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn offsets(&self) -> &VMOffsets<HostPtr> {
+        &self.inner.offsets
+    }
+
+    /// Return the address, in memory, of the trampoline that allows Wasm to
+    /// call a array function of the given signature.
+    pub(crate) fn wasm_to_array_trampoline(
+        &self,
+        signature: VMSharedTypeIndex,
+    ) -> Option<NonNull<VMWasmCallFunction>> {
+        log::trace!("Looking up trampoline for {signature:?}");
+        let trampoline_shared_ty = self.inner.engine.signatures().trampoline_type(signature);
+        let trampoline_module_ty = self
+            .inner
+            .code
+            .signatures()
+            .trampoline_type(trampoline_shared_ty)?;
+        debug_assert!(
+            self.inner
+                .engine
+                .signatures()
+                .borrow(
+                    self.inner
+                        .code
+                        .signatures()
+                        .shared_type(trampoline_module_ty)
+                        .unwrap()
+                )
+                .unwrap()
+                .unwrap_func()
+                .is_trampoline_type()
+        );
+
+        let ptr = self
+            .compiled_module()
+            .wasm_to_array_trampoline(trampoline_module_ty)
+            .expect("always have a trampoline for the trampoline type")
+            .as_ptr()
+            .cast::<VMWasmCallFunction>()
+            .cast_mut();
+        Some(NonNull::new(ptr).unwrap())
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn memory_images(&self) -> Result<Option<&ModuleMemoryImages>> {
+        let images = self
+            .inner
+            .memory_images
+            .get_or_try_init(|| memory_images(&self.inner))?
+            .as_ref();
+        Ok(images)
+    }
+
+    /// Lookup the stack map at a program counter value.
+    #[cfg(feature = "gc")]
+    pub(crate) fn lookup_stack_map(&self, pc: usize) -> Option<wasmtime_environ::StackMap<'_>> {
+        let text_offset = u32::try_from(pc - self.inner.module.text().as_ptr() as usize).unwrap();
+        let info = self.inner.code.code_memory().stack_map_data();
+        wasmtime_environ::StackMap::lookup(text_offset, info)
+    }
+
+    /// Obtain an exception-table parser on this module's exception metadata.
+    #[cfg(feature = "gc")]
+    pub(crate) fn exception_table<'a>(&'a self) -> ExceptionTable<'a> {
+        ExceptionTable::parse(self.inner.code.code_memory().exception_tables())
+            .expect("Exception tables were validated on module load")
+    }
+}
+
+/// Describes a function for a given module.
+pub struct ModuleFunction {
+    pub index: wasmtime_environ::FuncIndex,
+    pub name: Option<String>,
+    pub offset: usize,
+    pub len: usize,
+}
+
+impl Drop for ModuleInner {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        // When a `Module` is being dropped that means that it's no longer
+        // present in any `Store` and it's additionally not longer held by any
+        // embedder. Take this opportunity to purge any lingering instantiations
+        // within a pooling instance allocator, if applicable.
+        self.engine
+            .allocator()
+            .purge_module(self.module.unique_id());
+    }
+}
+
+/// Describes the location of an export in a module.
+#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+pub struct ModuleExport {
+    /// The module that this export is defined in.
+    pub(crate) module: CompiledModuleId,
+    /// A raw index into the wasm module.
+    pub(crate) entity: EntityIndex,
+}
+
+fn _assert_send_sync() {
+    fn _assert<T: Send + Sync>() {}
+    _assert::<Module>();
+}
+
+/// Helper method to construct a `ModuleMemoryImages` for an associated
+/// `CompiledModule`.
+fn memory_images(inner: &Arc<ModuleInner>) -> Result<Option<ModuleMemoryImages>> {
+    // If initialization via copy-on-write is explicitly disabled in
+    // configuration then this path is skipped entirely.
+    if !inner.engine.tunables().memory_init_cow {
+        return Ok(None);
+    }
+
+    // ... otherwise logic is delegated to the `ModuleMemoryImages::new`
+    // constructor.
+    ModuleMemoryImages::new(
+        &inner.engine,
+        inner.module.module(),
+        inner.code.code_memory(),
+    )
+}
+
+impl crate::vm::ModuleMemoryImageSource for CodeMemory {
+    fn wasm_data(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        <Self>::wasm_data(self)
+    }
+
+    fn mmap(&self) -> Option<&MmapVec> {
+        Some(<Self>::mmap(self))
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use crate::{Engine, Module};
+    use wasmtime_environ::MemoryInitialization;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn cow_on_by_default() {
+        let engine = Engine::default();
+        let module = Module::new(
+            &engine,
+            r#"
+                (module
+                    (memory 1)
+                    (data (i32.const 100) "abcd")
+                )
+            "#,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let init = &module.env_module().memory_initialization;
+        assert!(matches!(init, MemoryInitialization::Static { .. }));
+    }
+}