wasmtime 37.0.2 → 38.0.4

data/ext/cargo-vendor/wasmtime-37.0.2/src/runtime/component/concurrent.rs

@@ -1,4585 +0,0 @@
-//! Runtime support for the Component Model Async ABI.
-//!
-//! This module and its submodules provide host runtime support for Component
-//! Model Async features such as async-lifted exports, async-lowered imports,
-//! streams, futures, and related intrinsics.  See [the Async
-//! Explainer](https://github.com/WebAssembly/component-model/blob/main/design/mvp/Async.md)
-//! for a high-level overview.
-//!
-//! At the core of this support is an event loop which schedules and switches
-//! between guest tasks and any host tasks they create.  Each
-//! `ComponentInstance` will have at most one event loop running at any given
-//! time, and that loop may be suspended and resumed by the host embedder using
-//! e.g. `Instance::run_concurrent`.  The `ComponentInstance::poll_until`
-//! function contains the loop itself, while the
-//! `ComponentInstance::concurrent_state` field holds its state.
-//!
-//! # Public API Overview
-//!
-//! ## Top-level API (e.g. kicking off host->guest calls and driving the event loop)
-//!
-//! - `[Typed]Func::call_concurrent`: Start a host->guest call to an
-//! async-lifted or sync-lifted import, creating a guest task.
-//!
-//! - `Instance::run_concurrent`: Run the event loop for the specified instance,
-//! allowing any and all tasks belonging to that instance to make progress.
-//!
-//! - `Instance::spawn`: Run a background task as part of the event loop for the
-//! specified instance.
-//!
-//! - `Instance::{future,stream}`: Create a new Component Model `future` or
-//! `stream`; the read end may be passed to the guest.
-//!
-//! - `{Future,Stream}Reader::read` and `{Future,Stream}Writer::write`: read
-//! from or write to a future or stream, respectively.
-//!
-//! ## Host Task API (e.g. implementing concurrent host functions and background tasks)
-//!
-//! - `LinkerInstance::func_wrap_concurrent`: Register a concurrent host
-//! function with the linker.  That function will take an `Accessor` as its
-//! first parameter, which provides access to the store and instance between
-//! (but not across) await points.
-//!
-//! - `Accessor::with`: Access the store, its associated data, and the current
-//! instance.
-//!
-//! - `Accessor::spawn`: Run a background task as part of the event loop for the
-//! specified instance.  This is equivalent to `Instance::spawn` but more
-//! convenient to use in host functions.
-
-use crate::component::func::{self, Func, Options};
-use crate::component::{
-    Component, ComponentInstanceId, HasData, HasSelf, Instance, Resource, ResourceTable,
-    ResourceTableError,
-};
-use crate::fiber::{self, StoreFiber, StoreFiberYield};
-use crate::store::{StoreInner, StoreOpaque, StoreToken};
-use crate::vm::component::{
-    CallContext, ComponentInstance, InstanceFlags, ResourceTables, TransmitLocalState,
-};
-use crate::vm::{AlwaysMut, SendSyncPtr, VMFuncRef, VMMemoryDefinition, VMStore};
-use crate::{AsContext, AsContextMut, StoreContext, StoreContextMut, ValRaw};
-use anyhow::{Context as _, Result, anyhow, bail};
-use error_contexts::GlobalErrorContextRefCount;
-use futures::channel::oneshot;
-use futures::future::{self, Either, FutureExt};
-use futures::stream::{FuturesUnordered, StreamExt};
-use futures_and_streams::{FlatAbi, ReturnCode, TransmitHandle, TransmitIndex};
-use std::any::Any;
-use std::borrow::ToOwned;
-use std::boxed::Box;
-use std::cell::UnsafeCell;
-use std::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet, HashMap, HashSet};
-use std::fmt;
-use std::future::Future;
-use std::marker::PhantomData;
-use std::mem::{self, ManuallyDrop, MaybeUninit};
-use std::ops::DerefMut;
-use std::pin::{Pin, pin};
-use std::ptr::{self, NonNull};
-use std::slice;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-use std::task::{Context, Poll, Waker};
-use std::vec::Vec;
-use table::{TableDebug, TableId};
-use wasmtime_environ::component::{
-    CanonicalOptions, CanonicalOptionsDataModel, ExportIndex, MAX_FLAT_PARAMS, MAX_FLAT_RESULTS,
-    OptionsIndex, PREPARE_ASYNC_NO_RESULT, PREPARE_ASYNC_WITH_RESULT,
-    RuntimeComponentInstanceIndex, StringEncoding, TypeComponentGlobalErrorContextTableIndex,
-    TypeComponentLocalErrorContextTableIndex, TypeFutureTableIndex, TypeStreamTableIndex,
-    TypeTupleIndex,
-};
-
-pub use abort::JoinHandle;
-pub use futures_and_streams::{
-    Destination, DirectDestination, DirectSource, ErrorContext, FutureConsumer, FutureProducer,
-    FutureReader, GuardedFutureReader, GuardedStreamReader, ReadBuffer, Source, StreamConsumer,
-    StreamProducer, StreamReader, StreamResult, VecBuffer, WriteBuffer,
-};
-pub(crate) use futures_and_streams::{
-    ResourcePair, lower_error_context_to_index, lower_future_to_index, lower_stream_to_index,
-};
-
-mod abort;
-mod error_contexts;
-mod futures_and_streams;
-mod table;
-pub(crate) mod tls;
-
-/// Constant defined in the Component Model spec to indicate that the async
-/// intrinsic (e.g. `future.write`) has not yet completed.
-const BLOCKED: u32 = 0xffff_ffff;
-
-/// Corresponds to `CallState` in the upstream spec.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
-pub enum Status {
-    Starting = 0,
-    Started = 1,
-    Returned = 2,
-    StartCancelled = 3,
-    ReturnCancelled = 4,
-}
-
-impl Status {
-    /// Packs this status and the optional `waitable` provided into a 32-bit
-    /// result that the canonical ABI requires.
-    ///
-    /// The low 4 bits are reserved for the status while the upper 28 bits are
-    /// the waitable, if present.
-    pub fn pack(self, waitable: Option<u32>) -> u32 {
-        assert!(matches!(self, Status::Returned) == waitable.is_none());
-        let waitable = waitable.unwrap_or(0);
-        assert!(waitable < (1 << 28));
-        (waitable << 4) | (self as u32)
-    }
-}
-
-/// Corresponds to `EventCode` in the Component Model spec, plus related payload
-/// data.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
-enum Event {
-    None,
-    Cancelled,
-    Subtask {
-        status: Status,
-    },
-    StreamRead {
-        code: ReturnCode,
-        pending: Option<(TypeStreamTableIndex, u32)>,
-    },
-    StreamWrite {
-        code: ReturnCode,
-        pending: Option<(TypeStreamTableIndex, u32)>,
-    },
-    FutureRead {
-        code: ReturnCode,
-        pending: Option<(TypeFutureTableIndex, u32)>,
-    },
-    FutureWrite {
-        code: ReturnCode,
-        pending: Option<(TypeFutureTableIndex, u32)>,
-    },
-}
-
-impl Event {
-    /// Lower this event to core Wasm integers for delivery to the guest.
-    ///
-    /// Note that the waitable handle, if any, is assumed to be lowered
-    /// separately.
-    fn parts(self) -> (u32, u32) {
-        const EVENT_NONE: u32 = 0;
-        const EVENT_SUBTASK: u32 = 1;
-        const EVENT_STREAM_READ: u32 = 2;
-        const EVENT_STREAM_WRITE: u32 = 3;
-        const EVENT_FUTURE_READ: u32 = 4;
-        const EVENT_FUTURE_WRITE: u32 = 5;
-        const EVENT_CANCELLED: u32 = 6;
-        match self {
-            Event::None => (EVENT_NONE, 0),
-            Event::Cancelled => (EVENT_CANCELLED, 0),
-            Event::Subtask { status } => (EVENT_SUBTASK, status as u32),
-            Event::StreamRead { code, .. } => (EVENT_STREAM_READ, code.encode()),
-            Event::StreamWrite { code, .. } => (EVENT_STREAM_WRITE, code.encode()),
-            Event::FutureRead { code, .. } => (EVENT_FUTURE_READ, code.encode()),
-            Event::FutureWrite { code, .. } => (EVENT_FUTURE_WRITE, code.encode()),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Corresponds to `CallbackCode` in the spec.
-mod callback_code {
-    pub const EXIT: u32 = 0;
-    pub const YIELD: u32 = 1;
-    pub const WAIT: u32 = 2;
-    pub const POLL: u32 = 3;
-}
-
-/// A flag indicating that the callee is an async-lowered export.
-///
-/// This may be passed to the `async-start` intrinsic from a fused adapter.
-const START_FLAG_ASYNC_CALLEE: u32 = wasmtime_environ::component::START_FLAG_ASYNC_CALLEE as u32;
-
-/// Provides access to either store data (via the `get` method) or the store
-/// itself (via [`AsContext`]/[`AsContextMut`]), as well as the component
-/// instance to which the current host task belongs.
-///
-/// See [`Accessor::with`] for details.
-pub struct Access<'a, T: 'static, D: HasData + ?Sized = HasSelf<T>> {
-    store: StoreContextMut<'a, T>,
-    get_data: fn(&mut T) -> D::Data<'_>,
-    instance: Option<Instance>,
-}
-
-impl<'a, T, D> Access<'a, T, D>
-where
-    D: HasData + ?Sized,
-    T: 'static,
-{
-    /// Creates a new [`Access`] from its component parts.
-    pub fn new(store: StoreContextMut<'a, T>, get_data: fn(&mut T) -> D::Data<'_>) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            store,
-            get_data,
-            instance: None,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Get mutable access to the store data.
-    pub fn data_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T {
-        self.store.data_mut()
-    }
-
-    /// Get mutable access to the store data.
-    pub fn get(&mut self) -> D::Data<'_> {
-        (self.get_data)(self.data_mut())
-    }
-
-    /// Spawn a background task.
-    ///
-    /// See [`Accessor::spawn`] for details.
-    pub fn spawn(&mut self, task: impl AccessorTask<T, D, Result<()>>) -> JoinHandle
-    where
-        T: 'static,
-    {
-        let accessor = Accessor {
-            get_data: self.get_data,
-            instance: self.instance,
-            token: StoreToken::new(self.store.as_context_mut()),
-        };
-        self.instance
-            .unwrap()
-            .spawn_with_accessor(self.store.as_context_mut(), accessor, task)
-    }
-
-    /// Retrieve the component instance of the caller.
-    pub fn instance(&self) -> Instance {
-        self.instance.unwrap()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a, T, D> AsContext for Access<'a, T, D>
-where
-    D: HasData + ?Sized,
-    T: 'static,
-{
-    type Data = T;
-
-    fn as_context(&self) -> StoreContext<'_, T> {
-        self.store.as_context()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a, T, D> AsContextMut for Access<'a, T, D>
-where
-    D: HasData + ?Sized,
-    T: 'static,
-{
-    fn as_context_mut(&mut self) -> StoreContextMut<'_, T> {
-        self.store.as_context_mut()
-    }
-}
-
-/// Provides scoped mutable access to store data in the context of a concurrent
-/// host task future.
-///
-/// This allows multiple host task futures to execute concurrently and access
-/// the store between (but not across) `await` points.
-///
-/// # Rationale
-///
-/// This structure is sort of like `&mut T` plus a projection from `&mut T` to
-/// `D::Data<'_>`. The problem this is solving, however, is that it does not
-/// literally store these values. The basic problem is that when a concurrent
-/// host future is being polled it has access to `&mut T` (and the whole
-/// `Store`) but when it's not being polled it does not have access to these
-/// values. This reflects how the store is only ever polling one future at a
-/// time so the store is effectively being passed between futures.
-///
-/// Rust's `Future` trait, however, has no means of passing a `Store`
-/// temporarily between futures. The [`Context`](std::task::Context) type does
-/// not have the ability to attach arbitrary information to it at this time.
-/// This type, [`Accessor`], is used to bridge this expressivity gap.
-///
-/// The [`Accessor`] type here represents the ability to acquire, temporarily in
-/// a synchronous manner, the current store. The [`Accessor::with`] function
-/// yields an [`Access`] which can be used to access [`StoreContextMut`], `&mut
-/// T`, or `D::Data<'_>`. Note though that [`Accessor::with`] intentionally does
-/// not take an `async` closure as its argument, instead it's a synchronous
-/// closure which must complete during on run of `Future::poll`. This reflects
-/// how the store is temporarily made available while a host future is being
-/// polled.
-///
-/// # Implementation
-///
-/// This type does not actually store `&mut T` nor `StoreContextMut<T>`, and
-/// this type additionally doesn't even have a lifetime parameter. This is
-/// instead a representation of proof of the ability to acquire these while a
-/// future is being polled. Wasmtime will, when it polls a host future,
-/// configure ambient state such that the `Accessor` that a future closes over
-/// will work and be able to access the store.
-///
-/// This has a number of implications for users such as:
-///
-/// * It's intentional that `Accessor` cannot be cloned, it needs to stay within
-///   the lifetime of a single future.
-/// * A future is expected to, however, close over an `Accessor` and keep it
-///   alive probably for the duration of the entire future.
-/// * Different host futures will be given different `Accessor`s, and that's
-///   intentional.
-/// * The `Accessor` type is `Send` and `Sync` irrespective of `T` which
-///   alleviates some otherwise required bounds to be written down.
-///
-/// # Using `Accessor` in `Drop`
-///
-/// The methods on `Accessor` are only expected to work in the context of
-/// `Future::poll` and are not guaranteed to work in `Drop`. This is because a
-/// host future can be dropped at any time throughout the system and Wasmtime
-/// store context is not necessarily available at that time. It's recommended to
-/// not use `Accessor` methods in anything connected to a `Drop` implementation
-/// as they will panic and have unintended results. If you run into this though
-/// feel free to file an issue on the Wasmtime repository.
-pub struct Accessor<T: 'static, D = HasSelf<T>>
-where
-    D: HasData + ?Sized,
-{
-    token: StoreToken<T>,
-    get_data: fn(&mut T) -> D::Data<'_>,
-    instance: Option<Instance>,
-}
-
-/// A helper trait to take any type of accessor-with-data in functions.
-///
-/// This trait is similar to [`AsContextMut`] except that it's used when
-/// working with an [`Accessor`] instead of a [`StoreContextMut`]. The
-/// [`Accessor`] is the main type used in concurrent settings and is passed to
-/// functions such as [`Func::call_concurrent`] or [`FutureWriter::write`].
-///
-/// This trait is implemented for [`Accessor`] and `&T` where `T` implements
-/// this trait. This effectively means that regardless of the `D` in
-/// `Accessor<T, D>` it can still be passed to a function which just needs a
-/// store accessor.
-///
-/// Acquiring an [`Accessor`] can be done through [`Instance::run_concurrent`]
-/// for example or in a host function through
-/// [`Linker::func_wrap_concurrent`](crate::component::Linker::func_wrap_concurrent).
-pub trait AsAccessor {
-    /// The `T` in `Store<T>` that this accessor refers to.
-    type Data: 'static;
-
-    /// The `D` in `Accessor<T, D>`, or the projection out of
-    /// `Self::Data`.
-    type AccessorData: HasData + ?Sized;
-
-    /// Returns the accessor that this is referring to.
-    fn as_accessor(&self) -> &Accessor<Self::Data, Self::AccessorData>;
-}
-
-impl<T: AsAccessor + ?Sized> AsAccessor for &T {
-    type Data = T::Data;
-    type AccessorData = T::AccessorData;
-
-    fn as_accessor(&self) -> &Accessor<Self::Data, Self::AccessorData> {
-        T::as_accessor(self)
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T, D: HasData + ?Sized> AsAccessor for Accessor<T, D> {
-    type Data = T;
-    type AccessorData = D;
-
-    fn as_accessor(&self) -> &Accessor<T, D> {
-        self
-    }
-}
-
-// Note that it is intentional at this time that `Accessor` does not actually
-// store `&mut T` or anything similar. This distinctly enables the `Accessor`
-// structure to be both `Send` and `Sync` regardless of what `T` is (or `D` for
-// that matter). This is used to ergonomically simplify bindings where the
-// majority of the time `Accessor` is closed over in a future which then needs
-// to be `Send` and `Sync`. To avoid needing to write `T: Send` everywhere (as
-// you already have to write `T: 'static`...) it helps to avoid this.
-//
-// Note as well that `Accessor` doesn't actually store its data at all. Instead
-// it's more of a "proof" of what can be accessed from TLS. API design around
-// `Accessor` and functions like `Linker::func_wrap_concurrent` are
-// intentionally made to ensure that `Accessor` is ideally only used in the
-// context that TLS variables are actually set. For example host functions are
-// given `&Accessor`, not `Accessor`, and this prevents them from persisting
-// the value outside of a future. Within the future the TLS variables are all
-// guaranteed to be set while the future is being polled.
-//
-// Finally though this is not an ironclad guarantee, but nor does it need to be.
-// The TLS APIs are designed to panic or otherwise model usage where they're
-// called recursively or similar. It's hoped that code cannot be constructed to
-// actually hit this at runtime but this is not a safety requirement at this
-// time.
-const _: () = {
-    const fn assert<T: Send + Sync>() {}
-    assert::<Accessor<UnsafeCell<u32>>>();
-};
-
-impl<T> Accessor<T> {
-    /// Creates a new `Accessor` backed by the specified functions.
-    ///
-    /// - `get`: used to retrieve the store
-    ///
-    /// - `get_data`: used to "project" from the store's associated data to
-    /// another type (e.g. a field of that data or a wrapper around it).
-    ///
-    /// - `spawn`: used to queue spawned background tasks to be run later
-    ///
-    /// - `instance`: used to access the `Instance` to which this `Accessor`
-    /// (and the future which closes over it) belongs
-    pub(crate) fn new(token: StoreToken<T>, instance: Option<Instance>) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            token,
-            get_data: |x| x,
-            instance,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T, D> Accessor<T, D>
-where
-    D: HasData + ?Sized,
-{
-    /// Run the specified closure, passing it mutable access to the store.
-    ///
-    /// This function is one of the main building blocks of the [`Accessor`]
-    /// type. This yields synchronous, blocking, access to store via an
-    /// [`Access`]. The [`Access`] implements [`AsContextMut`] in addition to
-    /// providing the ability to access `D` via [`Access::get`]. Note that the
-    /// `fun` here is given only temporary access to the store and `T`/`D`
-    /// meaning that the return value `R` here is not allowed to capture borrows
-    /// into the two. If access is needed to data within `T` or `D` outside of
-    /// this closure then it must be `clone`d out, for example.
-    ///
-    /// # Panics
-    ///
-    /// This function will panic if it is call recursively with any other
-    /// accessor already in scope. For example if `with` is called within `fun`,
-    /// then this function will panic. It is up to the embedder to ensure that
-    /// this does not happen.
-    pub fn with<R>(&self, fun: impl FnOnce(Access<'_, T, D>) -> R) -> R {
-        tls::get(|vmstore| {
-            fun(Access {
-                store: self.token.as_context_mut(vmstore),
-                get_data: self.get_data,
-                instance: self.instance,
-            })
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the getter this accessor is using to project from `T` into
-    /// `D::Data`.
-    pub fn getter(&self) -> fn(&mut T) -> D::Data<'_> {
-        self.get_data
-    }
-
-    /// Changes this accessor to access `D2` instead of the current type
-    /// parameter `D`.
-    ///
-    /// This changes the underlying data access from `T` to `D2::Data<'_>`.
-    ///
-    /// # Panics
-    ///
-    /// When using this API the returned value is disconnected from `&self` and
-    /// the lifetime binding the `self` argument. An `Accessor` only works
-    /// within the context of the closure or async closure that it was
-    /// originally given to, however. This means that due to the fact that the
-    /// returned value has no lifetime connection it's possible to use the
-    /// accessor outside of `&self`, the original accessor, and panic.
-    ///
-    /// The returned value should only be used within the scope of the original
-    /// `Accessor` that `self` refers to.
-    pub fn with_getter<D2: HasData>(
-        &self,
-        get_data: fn(&mut T) -> D2::Data<'_>,
-    ) -> Accessor<T, D2> {
-        Accessor {
-            token: self.token,
-            get_data,
-            instance: self.instance,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Spawn a background task which will receive an `&Accessor<T, D>` and
-    /// run concurrently with any other tasks in progress for the current
-    /// instance.
-    ///
-    /// This is particularly useful for host functions which return a `stream`
-    /// or `future` such that the code to write to the write end of that
-    /// `stream` or `future` must run after the function returns.
-    ///
-    /// The returned [`JoinHandle`] may be used to cancel the task.
-    ///
-    /// # Panics
-    ///
-    /// Panics if called within a closure provided to the [`Accessor::with`]
-    /// function. This can only be called outside an active invocation of
-    /// [`Accessor::with`].
-    pub fn spawn(&self, task: impl AccessorTask<T, D, Result<()>>) -> JoinHandle
-    where
-        T: 'static,
-    {
-        let instance = self.instance.unwrap();
-        let accessor = self.clone_for_spawn();
-        self.with(|mut access| {
-            instance.spawn_with_accessor(access.as_context_mut(), accessor, task)
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Retrieve the component instance of the caller.
-    pub fn instance(&self) -> Instance {
-        self.instance.unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn clone_for_spawn(&self) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            token: self.token,
-            get_data: self.get_data,
-            instance: self.instance,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Represents a task which may be provided to `Accessor::spawn`,
-/// `Accessor::forward`, or `Instance::spawn`.
-// TODO: Replace this with `std::ops::AsyncFnOnce` when that becomes a viable
-// option.
-//
-// `AsyncFnOnce` is still nightly-only in latest stable Rust version as of this
-// writing (1.84.1), and even with 1.85.0-beta it's not possible to specify
-// e.g. `Send` and `Sync` bounds on the `Future` type returned by an
-// `AsyncFnOnce`.  Also, using `F: Future<Output = Result<()>> + Send + Sync,
-// FN: FnOnce(&Accessor<T>) -> F + Send + Sync + 'static` fails with a type
-// mismatch error when we try to pass it an async closure (e.g. `async move |_|
-// { ... }`).  So this seems to be the best we can do for the time being.
-pub trait AccessorTask<T, D, R>: Send + 'static
-where
-    D: HasData + ?Sized,
-{
-    /// Run the task.
-    fn run(self, accessor: &Accessor<T, D>) -> impl Future<Output = R> + Send;
-}
-
-/// Represents parameter and result metadata for the caller side of a
-/// guest->guest call orchestrated by a fused adapter.
-enum CallerInfo {
-    /// Metadata for a call to an async-lowered import
-    Async {
-        params: Vec<ValRaw>,
-        has_result: bool,
-    },
-    /// Metadata for a call to an sync-lowered import
-    Sync {
-        params: Vec<ValRaw>,
-        result_count: u32,
-    },
-}
-
-/// Indicates how a guest task is waiting on a waitable set.
-enum WaitMode {
-    /// The guest task is waiting using `task.wait`
-    Fiber(StoreFiber<'static>),
-    /// The guest task is waiting via a callback declared as part of an
-    /// async-lifted export.
-    Callback,
-}
-
-/// Represents the reason a fiber is suspending itself.
-#[derive(Debug)]
-enum SuspendReason {
-    /// The fiber is waiting for an event to be delivered to the specified
-    /// waitable set or task.
-    Waiting {
-        set: TableId<WaitableSet>,
-        task: TableId<GuestTask>,
-    },
-    /// The fiber has finished handling its most recent work item and is waiting
-    /// for another (or to be dropped if it is no longer needed).
-    NeedWork,
-    /// The fiber is yielding and should be resumed once other tasks have had a
-    /// chance to run.
-    Yielding { task: TableId<GuestTask> },
-}
-
-/// Represents a pending call into guest code for a given guest task.
-enum GuestCallKind {
-    /// Indicates there's an event to deliver to the task, possibly related to a
-    /// waitable set the task has been waiting on or polling.
-    DeliverEvent {
-        /// The waitable set the event belongs to, if any.
-        ///
-        /// If this is `None` the event will be waiting in the
-        /// `GuestTask::event` field for the task.
-        set: Option<TableId<WaitableSet>>,
-    },
-    /// Indicates that a new guest task call is pending and may be executed
-    /// using the specified closure.
-    Start(Box<dyn FnOnce(&mut dyn VMStore, Instance) -> Result<()> + Send + Sync>),
-}
-
-impl fmt::Debug for GuestCallKind {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-        match self {
-            Self::DeliverEvent { set } => f.debug_struct("DeliverEvent").field("set", set).finish(),
-            Self::Start(_) => f.debug_tuple("Start").finish(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Represents a pending call into guest code for a given guest task.
-#[derive(Debug)]
-struct GuestCall {
-    task: TableId<GuestTask>,
-    kind: GuestCallKind,
-}
-
-impl GuestCall {
-    /// Returns whether or not the call is ready to run.
-    ///
-    /// A call will not be ready to run if either:
-    ///
-    /// - the (sub-)component instance to be called has already been entered and
-    /// cannot be reentered until an in-progress call completes
-    ///
-    /// - the call is for a not-yet started task and the (sub-)component
-    /// instance to be called has backpressure enabled
-    fn is_ready(&self, state: &mut ConcurrentState) -> Result<bool> {
-        let task_instance = state.get_mut(self.task)?.instance;
-        let state = state.instance_state(task_instance);
-        let ready = match &self.kind {
-            GuestCallKind::DeliverEvent { .. } => !state.do_not_enter,
-            GuestCallKind::Start(_) => !(state.do_not_enter || state.backpressure > 0),
-        };
-        log::trace!(
-            "call {self:?} ready? {ready} (do_not_enter: {}; backpressure: {})",
-            state.do_not_enter,
-            state.backpressure
-        );
-        Ok(ready)
-    }
-}
-
-/// Job to be run on a worker fiber.
-enum WorkerItem {
-    GuestCall(GuestCall),
-    Function(AlwaysMut<Box<dyn FnOnce(&mut dyn VMStore, Instance) -> Result<()> + Send>>),
-}
-
-/// Represents state related to an in-progress poll operation (e.g. `task.poll`
-/// or `CallbackCode.POLL`).
-#[derive(Debug)]
-struct PollParams {
-    /// Identifies the polling task.
-    task: TableId<GuestTask>,
-    /// The waitable set being polled.
-    set: TableId<WaitableSet>,
-}
-
-/// Represents a pending work item to be handled by the event loop for a given
-/// component instance.
-enum WorkItem {
-    /// A host task to be pushed to `ConcurrentState::futures`.
-    PushFuture(AlwaysMut<HostTaskFuture>),
-    /// A fiber to resume.
-    ResumeFiber(StoreFiber<'static>),
-    /// A pending call into guest code for a given guest task.
-    GuestCall(GuestCall),
-    /// A pending `task.poll` or `CallbackCode.POLL` operation.
-    Poll(PollParams),
-    /// A job to run on a worker fiber.
-    WorkerFunction(AlwaysMut<Box<dyn FnOnce(&mut dyn VMStore, Instance) -> Result<()> + Send>>),
-}
-
-impl fmt::Debug for WorkItem {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-        match self {
-            Self::PushFuture(_) => f.debug_tuple("PushFuture").finish(),
-            Self::ResumeFiber(_) => f.debug_tuple("ResumeFiber").finish(),
-            Self::GuestCall(call) => f.debug_tuple("GuestCall").field(call).finish(),
-            Self::Poll(params) => f.debug_tuple("Poll").field(params).finish(),
-            Self::WorkerFunction(_) => f.debug_tuple("WorkerFunction").finish(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl ComponentInstance {
-    /// Handle the `CallbackCode` returned from an async-lifted export or its
-    /// callback.
-    ///
-    /// If `initial_call` is `true`, then the code was received from the
-    /// async-lifted export; otherwise, it was received from its callback.
-    fn handle_callback_code(
-        mut self: Pin<&mut Self>,
-        guest_task: TableId<GuestTask>,
-        runtime_instance: RuntimeComponentInstanceIndex,
-        code: u32,
-        initial_call: bool,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        let (code, set) = unpack_callback_code(code);
-
-        log::trace!("received callback code from {guest_task:?}: {code} (set: {set})");
-
-        let state = self.as_mut().concurrent_state_mut();
-        let task = state.get_mut(guest_task)?;
-
-        if task.lift_result.is_some() {
-            if code == callback_code::EXIT {
-                return Err(anyhow!(crate::Trap::NoAsyncResult));
-            }
-            if initial_call {
-                // Notify any current or future waiters that this subtask has
-                // started.
-                Waitable::Guest(guest_task).set_event(
-                    state,
-                    Some(Event::Subtask {
-                        status: Status::Started,
-                    }),
-                )?;
-            }
-        }
-
-        let get_set = |instance: Pin<&mut Self>, handle| {
-            if handle == 0 {
-                bail!("invalid waitable-set handle");
-            }
-
-            let set = instance.guest_tables().0[runtime_instance].waitable_set_rep(handle)?;
-
-            Ok(TableId::<WaitableSet>::new(set))
-        };
-
-        match code {
-            callback_code::EXIT => {
-                let task = state.get_mut(guest_task)?;
-                match &task.caller {
-                    Caller::Host {
-                        remove_task_automatically,
-                        ..
-                    } => {
-                        if *remove_task_automatically {
-                            log::trace!("handle_callback_code will delete task {guest_task:?}");
-                            Waitable::Guest(guest_task).delete_from(state)?;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    Caller::Guest { .. } => {
-                        task.exited = true;
-                        task.callback = None;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            callback_code::YIELD => {
-                // Push this task onto the "low priority" queue so it runs after
-                // any other tasks have had a chance to run.
-                let task = state.get_mut(guest_task)?;
-                assert!(task.event.is_none());
-                task.event = Some(Event::None);
-                state.push_low_priority(WorkItem::GuestCall(GuestCall {
-                    task: guest_task,
-                    kind: GuestCallKind::DeliverEvent { set: None },
-                }));
-            }
-            callback_code::WAIT | callback_code::POLL => {
-                let set = get_set(self.as_mut(), set)?;
-                let state = self.concurrent_state_mut();
-
-                if state.get_mut(guest_task)?.event.is_some()
-                    || !state.get_mut(set)?.ready.is_empty()
-                {
-                    // An event is immediately available; deliver it ASAP.
-                    state.push_high_priority(WorkItem::GuestCall(GuestCall {
-                        task: guest_task,
-                        kind: GuestCallKind::DeliverEvent { set: Some(set) },
-                    }));
-                } else {
-                    // No event is immediately available.
-                    match code {
-                        callback_code::POLL => {
-                            // We're polling, so just yield and check whether an
-                            // event has arrived after that.
-                            state.push_low_priority(WorkItem::Poll(PollParams {
-                                task: guest_task,
-                                set,
-                            }));
-                        }
-                        callback_code::WAIT => {
-                            // We're waiting, so register to be woken up when an
-                            // event is published for this waitable set.
-                            //
-                            // Here we also set `GuestTask::wake_on_cancel`
-                            // which allows `subtask.cancel` to interrupt the
-                            // wait.
-                            let old = state.get_mut(guest_task)?.wake_on_cancel.replace(set);
-                            assert!(old.is_none());
-                            let old = state
-                                .get_mut(set)?
-                                .waiting
-                                .insert(guest_task, WaitMode::Callback);
-                            assert!(old.is_none());
-                        }
-                        _ => unreachable!(),
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            _ => bail!("unsupported callback code: {code}"),
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Get the next pending event for the specified task and (optional)
-    /// waitable set, along with the waitable handle if applicable.
-    fn get_event(
-        mut self: Pin<&mut Self>,
-        guest_task: TableId<GuestTask>,
-        set: Option<TableId<WaitableSet>>,
-        cancellable: bool,
-    ) -> Result<Option<(Event, Option<(Waitable, u32)>)>> {
-        let state = self.as_mut().concurrent_state_mut();
-
-        if let Some(event) = state.get_mut(guest_task)?.event.take() {
-            log::trace!("deliver event {event:?} to {guest_task:?}");
-
-            if cancellable || !matches!(event, Event::Cancelled) {
-                return Ok(Some((event, None)));
-            } else {
-                state.get_mut(guest_task)?.event = Some(event);
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(
-            if let Some((set, waitable)) = set
-                .and_then(|set| {
-                    state
-                        .get_mut(set)
-                        .map(|v| v.ready.pop_first().map(|v| (set, v)))
-                        .transpose()
-                })
-                .transpose()?
-            {
-                let common = waitable.common(state)?;
-                let handle = common.handle.unwrap();
-                let event = common.event.take().unwrap();
-
-                log::trace!(
-                    "deliver event {event:?} to {guest_task:?} for {waitable:?} (handle {handle}); set {set:?}"
-                );
-
-                waitable.on_delivery(self, event);
-
-                Some((event, Some((waitable, handle))))
-            } else {
-                None
-            },
-        )
-    }
-
-    /// Implements the `waitable-set.new` intrinsic.
-    pub(crate) fn waitable_set_new(
-        mut self: Pin<&mut Self>,
-        caller_instance: RuntimeComponentInstanceIndex,
-    ) -> Result<u32> {
-        let set = self
-            .as_mut()
-            .concurrent_state_mut()
-            .push(WaitableSet::default())?;
-        let handle = self.guest_tables().0[caller_instance].waitable_set_insert(set.rep())?;
-        log::trace!("new waitable set {set:?} (handle {handle})");
-        Ok(handle)
-    }
-
-    /// Implements the `waitable-set.drop` intrinsic.
-    pub(crate) fn waitable_set_drop(
-        mut self: Pin<&mut Self>,
-        caller_instance: RuntimeComponentInstanceIndex,
-        set: u32,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        let rep = self.as_mut().guest_tables().0[caller_instance].waitable_set_remove(set)?;
-
-        log::trace!("drop waitable set {rep} (handle {set})");
-
-        let set = self
-            .concurrent_state_mut()
-            .delete(TableId::<WaitableSet>::new(rep))?;
-
-        if !set.waiting.is_empty() {
-            bail!("cannot drop waitable set with waiters");
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Implements the `waitable.join` intrinsic.
-    pub(crate) fn waitable_join(
-        mut self: Pin<&mut Self>,
-        caller_instance: RuntimeComponentInstanceIndex,
-        waitable_handle: u32,
-        set_handle: u32,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        let waitable = Waitable::from_instance(self.as_mut(), caller_instance, waitable_handle)?;
-
-        let set = if set_handle == 0 {
-            None
-        } else {
-            let set =
-                self.as_mut().guest_tables().0[caller_instance].waitable_set_rep(set_handle)?;
-
-            Some(TableId::<WaitableSet>::new(set))
-        };
-
-        log::trace!(
-            "waitable {waitable:?} (handle {waitable_handle}) join set {set:?} (handle {set_handle})",
-        );
-
-        waitable.join(self.concurrent_state_mut(), set)
-    }
-
-    /// Implements the `subtask.drop` intrinsic.
-    pub(crate) fn subtask_drop(
-        mut self: Pin<&mut Self>,
-        caller_instance: RuntimeComponentInstanceIndex,
-        task_id: u32,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        self.as_mut().waitable_join(caller_instance, task_id, 0)?;
-
-        let (rep, is_host) =
-            self.as_mut().guest_tables().0[caller_instance].subtask_remove(task_id)?;
-
-        let concurrent_state = self.concurrent_state_mut();
-        let (waitable, expected_caller_instance, delete) = if is_host {
-            let id = TableId::<HostTask>::new(rep);
-            let task = concurrent_state.get_mut(id)?;
-            if task.join_handle.is_some() {
-                bail!("cannot drop a subtask which has not yet resolved");
-            }
-            (Waitable::Host(id), task.caller_instance, true)
-        } else {
-            let id = TableId::<GuestTask>::new(rep);
-            let task = concurrent_state.get_mut(id)?;
-            if task.lift_result.is_some() {
-                bail!("cannot drop a subtask which has not yet resolved");
-            }
-            if let Caller::Guest { instance, .. } = &task.caller {
-                (Waitable::Guest(id), *instance, task.exited)
-            } else {
-                unreachable!()
-            }
-        };
-
-        waitable.common(concurrent_state)?.handle = None;
-
-        if waitable.take_event(concurrent_state)?.is_some() {
-            bail!("cannot drop a subtask with an undelivered event");
-        }
-
-        if delete {
-            waitable.delete_from(concurrent_state)?;
-        }
-
-        // Since waitables can neither be passed between instances nor forged,
-        // this should never fail unless there's a bug in Wasmtime, but we check
-        // here to be sure:
-        assert_eq!(expected_caller_instance, caller_instance);
-        log::trace!("subtask_drop {waitable:?} (handle {task_id})");
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl Instance {
-    /// Assert that all the relevant tables and queues in the concurrent state
-    /// for this instance are empty.
-    ///
-    /// This is for sanity checking in integration tests
-    /// (e.g. `component-async-tests`) that the relevant state has been cleared
-    /// after each test concludes.  This should help us catch leaks, e.g. guest
-    /// tasks which haven't been deleted despite having completed and having
-    /// been dropped by their supertasks.
-    #[doc(hidden)]
-    pub fn assert_concurrent_state_empty(&self, mut store: impl AsContextMut) {
-        let mut instance = self.id().get_mut(store.as_context_mut().0);
-        assert!(
-            instance
-                .as_mut()
-                .guest_tables()
-                .0
-                .iter()
-                .all(|(_, table)| table.is_empty())
-        );
-        let state = instance.concurrent_state_mut();
-        assert!(
-            state.table.get_mut().is_empty(),
-            "non-empty table: {:?}",
-            state.table.get_mut()
-        );
-        assert!(state.high_priority.is_empty());
-        assert!(state.low_priority.is_empty());
-        assert!(state.guest_task.is_none());
-        assert!(state.futures.get_mut().as_ref().unwrap().is_empty());
-        assert!(
-            state
-                .instance_states
-                .iter()
-                .all(|(_, state)| state.pending.is_empty())
-        );
-        assert!(state.global_error_context_ref_counts.is_empty());
-    }
-
-    /// Run the specified closure `fun` to completion as part of this instance's
-    /// event loop.
-    ///
-    /// Like [`Self::run`], this will run `fun` as part of this instance's event
-    /// loop until it yields a result _or_ there are no more tasks to run.
-    /// Unlike [`Self::run`], `fun` is provided an [`Accessor`], which provides
-    /// controlled access to the `Store` and its data.
-    ///
-    /// This function can be used to invoke [`Func::call_concurrent`] for
-    /// example within the async closure provided here.
-    ///
-    /// # Example
-    ///
-    /// ```
-    /// # use {
-    /// #   anyhow::{Result},
-    /// #   wasmtime::{
-    /// #     component::{ Component, Linker, Resource, ResourceTable},
-    /// #     Config, Engine, Store
-    /// #   },
-    /// # };
-    /// #
-    /// # struct MyResource(u32);
-    /// # struct Ctx { table: ResourceTable }
-    /// #
-    /// # async fn foo() -> Result<()> {
-    /// # let mut config = Config::new();
-    /// # let engine = Engine::new(&config)?;
-    /// # let mut store = Store::new(&engine, Ctx { table: ResourceTable::new() });
-    /// # let mut linker = Linker::new(&engine);
-    /// # let component = Component::new(&engine, "")?;
-    /// # let instance = linker.instantiate_async(&mut store, &component).await?;
-    /// # let foo = instance.get_typed_func::<(Resource<MyResource>,), (Resource<MyResource>,)>(&mut store, "foo")?;
-    /// # let bar = instance.get_typed_func::<(u32,), ()>(&mut store, "bar")?;
-    /// instance.run_concurrent(&mut store, async |accessor| -> wasmtime::Result<_> {
-    ///    let resource = accessor.with(|mut access| access.get().table.push(MyResource(42)))?;
-    ///    let (another_resource,) = foo.call_concurrent(accessor, (resource,)).await?.0;
-    ///    let value = accessor.with(|mut access| access.get().table.delete(another_resource))?;
-    ///    bar.call_concurrent(accessor, (value.0,)).await?;
-    ///    Ok(())
-    /// }).await??;
-    /// # Ok(())
-    /// # }
-    /// ```
-    pub async fn run_concurrent<T, R>(
-        self,
-        mut store: impl AsContextMut<Data = T>,
-        fun: impl AsyncFnOnce(&Accessor<T>) -> R,
-    ) -> Result<R>
-    where
-        T: Send + 'static,
-    {
-        check_recursive_run();
-        let mut store = store.as_context_mut();
-        let token = StoreToken::new(store.as_context_mut());
-
-        struct Dropper<'a, T: 'static, V> {
-            store: StoreContextMut<'a, T>,
-            value: ManuallyDrop<V>,
-        }
-
-        impl<'a, T, V> Drop for Dropper<'a, T, V> {
-            fn drop(&mut self) {
-                tls::set(self.store.0, || {
-                    // SAFETY: Here we drop the value without moving it for the
-                    // first and only time -- per the contract for `Drop::drop`,
-                    // this code won't run again, and the `value` field will no
-                    // longer be accessible.
-                    unsafe { ManuallyDrop::drop(&mut self.value) }
-                });
-            }
-        }
-
-        let accessor = &Accessor::new(token, Some(self));
-        let dropper = &mut Dropper {
-            store,
-            value: ManuallyDrop::new(fun(accessor)),
-        };
-        // SAFETY: We never move `dropper` nor its `value` field.
-        let future = unsafe { Pin::new_unchecked(dropper.value.deref_mut()) };
-
-        self.poll_until(dropper.store.as_context_mut(), future)
-            .await
-    }
-
-    /// Spawn a background task to run as part of this instance's event loop.
-    ///
-    /// The task will receive an `&Accessor<U>` and run concurrently with
-    /// any other tasks in progress for the instance.
-    ///
-    /// Note that the task will only make progress if and when the event loop
-    /// for this instance is run.
-    ///
-    /// The returned [`SpawnHandle`] may be used to cancel the task.
-    pub fn spawn<U: 'static>(
-        self,
-        mut store: impl AsContextMut<Data = U>,
-        task: impl AccessorTask<U, HasSelf<U>, Result<()>>,
-    ) -> JoinHandle {
-        let mut store = store.as_context_mut();
-        let accessor = Accessor::new(StoreToken::new(store.as_context_mut()), Some(self));
-        self.spawn_with_accessor(store, accessor, task)
-    }
-
-    /// Internal implementation of `spawn` functions where a `store` is
-    /// available along with an `Accessor`.
-    fn spawn_with_accessor<T, D>(
-        self,
-        mut store: StoreContextMut<T>,
-        accessor: Accessor<T, D>,
-        task: impl AccessorTask<T, D, Result<()>>,
-    ) -> JoinHandle
-    where
-        T: 'static,
-        D: HasData + ?Sized,
-    {
-        let store = store.as_context_mut();
-
-        // Create an "abortable future" here where internally the future will
-        // hook calls to poll and possibly spawn more background tasks on each
-        // iteration.
-        let (handle, future) = JoinHandle::run(async move { task.run(&accessor).await });
-        self.concurrent_state_mut(store.0)
-            .push_future(Box::pin(async move { future.await.unwrap_or(Ok(())) }));
-
-        handle
-    }
-
-    /// Run this instance's event loop.
-    ///
-    /// The returned future will resolve when either the specified future
-    /// completes (in which case we return its result) or no further progress
-    /// can be made (in which case we trap with `Trap::AsyncDeadlock`).
-    async fn poll_until<T, R>(
-        self,
-        mut store: StoreContextMut<'_, T>,
-        mut future: Pin<&mut impl Future<Output = R>>,
-    ) -> Result<R>
-    where
-        T: Send,
-    {
-        loop {
-            // Take `ConcurrentState::futures` out of the instance so we can
-            // poll it while also safely giving any of the futures inside access
-            // to `self`.
-            let mut futures = self
-                .concurrent_state_mut(store.0)
-                .futures
-                .get_mut()
-                .take()
-                .unwrap();
-            let mut next = pin!(futures.next());
-
-            let result = future::poll_fn(|cx| {
-                // First, poll the future we were passed as an argument and
-                // return immediately if it's ready.
-                if let Poll::Ready(value) = self.set_tls(store.0, || future.as_mut().poll(cx)) {
-                    return Poll::Ready(Ok(Either::Left(value)));
-                }
-
-                // Next, poll `ConcurrentState::futures` (which includes any
-                // pending host tasks and/or background tasks), returning
-                // immediately if one of them fails.
-                let next = match self.set_tls(store.0, || next.as_mut().poll(cx)) {
-                    Poll::Ready(Some(output)) => {
-                        match output {
-                            Err(e) => return Poll::Ready(Err(e)),
-                            Ok(()) => {}
-                        }
-                        Poll::Ready(true)
-                    }
-                    Poll::Ready(None) => Poll::Ready(false),
-                    Poll::Pending => Poll::Pending,
-                };
-
-                let mut instance = self.id().get_mut(store.0);
-
-                // Next, check the "high priority" work queue and return
-                // immediately if it has at least one item.
-                let state = instance.as_mut().concurrent_state_mut();
-                let ready = mem::take(&mut state.high_priority);
-                let ready = if ready.is_empty() {
-                    // Next, check the "low priority" work queue and return
-                    // immediately if it has at least one item.
-                    let ready = mem::take(&mut state.low_priority);
-                    if ready.is_empty() {
-                        return match next {
-                            Poll::Ready(true) => {
-                                // In this case, one of the futures in
-                                // `ConcurrentState::futures` completed
-                                // successfully, so we return now and continue
-                                // the outer loop in case there is another one
-                                // ready to complete.
-                                Poll::Ready(Ok(Either::Right(Vec::new())))
-                            }
-                            Poll::Ready(false) => {
-                                // Poll the future we were passed one last time
-                                // in case one of `ConcurrentState::futures` had
-                                // the side effect of unblocking it.
-                                if let Poll::Ready(value) =
-                                    self.set_tls(store.0, || future.as_mut().poll(cx))
-                                {
-                                    Poll::Ready(Ok(Either::Left(value)))
-                                } else {
-                                    // In this case, there are no more pending
-                                    // futures in `ConcurrentState::futures`,
-                                    // there are no remaining work items, _and_
-                                    // the future we were passed as an argument
-                                    // still hasn't completed, meaning we're
-                                    // stuck, so we return an error.  The
-                                    // underlying assumption is that `future`
-                                    // depends on this component instance making
-                                    // such progress, and thus there's no point
-                                    // in continuing to poll it given we've run
-                                    // out of work to do.
-                                    //
-                                    // Note that we'd also reach this point if
-                                    // the host embedder passed e.g. a
-                                    // `std::future::Pending` to
-                                    // `Instance::run_concurrent`, in which case
-                                    // we'd return a "deadlock" error even when
-                                    // any and all tasks have completed
-                                    // normally.  However, that's not how
-                                    // `Instance::run_concurrent` is intended
-                                    // (and documented) to be used, so it seems
-                                    // reasonable to lump that case in with
-                                    // "real" deadlocks.
-                                    //
-                                    // TODO: Once we've added host APIs for
-                                    // cancelling in-progress tasks, we can
-                                    // return some other, non-error value here,
-                                    // treating it as "normal" and giving the
-                                    // host embedder a chance to intervene by
-                                    // cancelling one or more tasks and/or
-                                    // starting new tasks capable of waking the
-                                    // existing ones.
-                                    Poll::Ready(Err(anyhow!(crate::Trap::AsyncDeadlock)))
-                                }
-                            }
-                            // There is at least one pending future in
-                            // `ConcurrentState::futures` and we have nothing
-                            // else to do but wait for now, so we return
-                            // `Pending`.
-                            Poll::Pending => Poll::Pending,
-                        };
-                    } else {
-                        ready
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    ready
-                };
-
-                Poll::Ready(Ok(Either::Right(ready)))
-            })
-            .await;
-
-            // Put the `ConcurrentState::futures` back into the instance before
-            // we return or handle any work items since one or more of those
-            // items might append more futures.
-            *self.concurrent_state_mut(store.0).futures.get_mut() = Some(futures);
-
-            match result? {
-                // The future we were passed as an argument completed, so we
-                // return the result.
-                Either::Left(value) => break Ok(value),
-                // The future we were passed has not yet completed, so handle
-                // any work items and then loop again.
-                Either::Right(ready) => {
-                    struct Dispose<'a, T: 'static, I: Iterator<Item = WorkItem>> {
-                        store: StoreContextMut<'a, T>,
-                        ready: I,
-                    }
-
-                    impl<'a, T, I: Iterator<Item = WorkItem>> Drop for Dispose<'a, T, I> {
-                        fn drop(&mut self) {
-                            while let Some(item) = self.ready.next() {
-                                match item {
-                                    WorkItem::ResumeFiber(mut fiber) => fiber.dispose(self.store.0),
-                                    WorkItem::PushFuture(future) => {
-                                        tls::set(self.store.0, move || drop(future))
-                                    }
-                                    _ => {}
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    let mut dispose = Dispose {
-                        store: store.as_context_mut(),
-                        ready: ready.into_iter(),
-                    };
-
-                    while let Some(item) = dispose.ready.next() {
-                        self.handle_work_item(dispose.store.as_context_mut(), item)
-                            .await?;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Handle the specified work item, possibly resuming a fiber if applicable.
-    async fn handle_work_item<T: Send>(
-        self,
-        store: StoreContextMut<'_, T>,
-        item: WorkItem,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        log::trace!("handle work item {item:?}");
-        match item {
-            WorkItem::PushFuture(future) => {
-                self.concurrent_state_mut(store.0)
-                    .futures
-                    .get_mut()
-                    .as_mut()
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .push(future.into_inner());
-            }
-            WorkItem::ResumeFiber(fiber) => {
-                self.resume_fiber(store.0, fiber).await?;
-            }
-            WorkItem::GuestCall(call) => {
-                let state = self.concurrent_state_mut(store.0);
-                if call.is_ready(state)? {
-                    self.run_on_worker(store, WorkerItem::GuestCall(call))
-                        .await?;
-                } else {
-                    let task = state.get_mut(call.task)?;
-                    if !task.starting_sent {
-                        task.starting_sent = true;
-                        if let GuestCallKind::Start(_) = &call.kind {
-                            Waitable::Guest(call.task).set_event(
-                                state,
-                                Some(Event::Subtask {
-                                    status: Status::Starting,
-                                }),
-                            )?;
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    let runtime_instance = state.get_mut(call.task)?.instance;
-                    state
-                        .instance_state(runtime_instance)
-                        .pending
-                        .insert(call.task, call.kind);
-                }
-            }
-            WorkItem::Poll(params) => {
-                let state = self.concurrent_state_mut(store.0);
-                if state.get_mut(params.task)?.event.is_some()
-                    || !state.get_mut(params.set)?.ready.is_empty()
-                {
-                    // There's at least one event immediately available; deliver
-                    // it to the guest ASAP.
-                    state.push_high_priority(WorkItem::GuestCall(GuestCall {
-                        task: params.task,
-                        kind: GuestCallKind::DeliverEvent {
-                            set: Some(params.set),
-                        },
-                    }));
-                } else {
-                    // There are no events immediately available; deliver
-                    // `Event::None` to the guest.
-                    state.get_mut(params.task)?.event = Some(Event::None);
-                    state.push_high_priority(WorkItem::GuestCall(GuestCall {
-                        task: params.task,
-                        kind: GuestCallKind::DeliverEvent {
-                            set: Some(params.set),
-                        },
-                    }));
-                }
-            }
-            WorkItem::WorkerFunction(fun) => {
-                self.run_on_worker(store, WorkerItem::Function(fun)).await?;
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Resume the specified fiber, giving it exclusive access to the specified
-    /// store.
-    async fn resume_fiber(self, store: &mut StoreOpaque, fiber: StoreFiber<'static>) -> Result<()> {
-        let old_task = self.concurrent_state_mut(store).guest_task;
-        log::trace!("resume_fiber: save current task {old_task:?}");
-
-        let fiber = fiber::resolve_or_release(store, fiber).await?;
-
-        let state = self.concurrent_state_mut(store);
-
-        state.guest_task = old_task;
-        log::trace!("resume_fiber: restore current task {old_task:?}");
-
-        if let Some(mut fiber) = fiber {
-            // See the `SuspendReason` documentation for what each case means.
-            match state.suspend_reason.take().unwrap() {
-                SuspendReason::NeedWork => {
-                    if state.worker.is_none() {
-                        state.worker = Some(fiber);
-                    } else {
-                        fiber.dispose(store);
-                    }
-                }
-                SuspendReason::Yielding { .. } => {
-                    state.push_low_priority(WorkItem::ResumeFiber(fiber));
-                }
-                SuspendReason::Waiting { set, task } => {
-                    let old = state
-                        .get_mut(set)?
-                        .waiting
-                        .insert(task, WaitMode::Fiber(fiber));
-                    assert!(old.is_none());
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Execute the specified guest call on a worker fiber.
-    async fn run_on_worker<T: Send>(
-        self,
-        store: StoreContextMut<'_, T>,
-        item: WorkerItem,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        let worker = if let Some(fiber) = self.concurrent_state_mut(store.0).worker.take() {
-            fiber
-        } else {
-            fiber::make_fiber(store.0, move |store| {
-                loop {
-                    match self.concurrent_state_mut(store).worker_item.take().unwrap() {
-                        WorkerItem::GuestCall(call) => self.handle_guest_call(store, call)?,
-                        WorkerItem::Function(fun) => fun.into_inner()(store, self)?,
-                    }
-
-                    self.suspend(store, SuspendReason::NeedWork)?;
-                }
-            })?
-        };
-
-        let worker_item = &mut self.concurrent_state_mut(store.0).worker_item;
-        assert!(worker_item.is_none());
-        *worker_item = Some(item);
-
-        self.resume_fiber(store.0, worker).await
-    }
-
-    /// Execute the specified guest call.
-    fn handle_guest_call(self, store: &mut dyn VMStore, call: GuestCall) -> Result<()> {
-        match call.kind {
-            GuestCallKind::DeliverEvent { set } => {
-                let (event, waitable) = self
-                    .id()
-                    .get_mut(store)
-                    .get_event(call.task, set, true)?
-                    .unwrap();
-                let state = self.concurrent_state_mut(store);
-                let task = state.get_mut(call.task)?;
-                let runtime_instance = task.instance;
-                let handle = waitable.map(|(_, v)| v).unwrap_or(0);
-
-                log::trace!(
-                    "use callback to deliver event {event:?} to {:?} for {waitable:?}",
-                    call.task,
-                );
-
-                let old_task = state.guest_task.replace(call.task);
-                log::trace!(
-                    "GuestCallKind::DeliverEvent: replaced {old_task:?} with {:?} as current task",
-                    call.task
-                );
-
-                self.maybe_push_call_context(store.store_opaque_mut(), call.task)?;
-
-                let state = self.concurrent_state_mut(store);
-                state.enter_instance(runtime_instance);
-
-                let callback = state.get_mut(call.task)?.callback.take().unwrap();
-
-                let code = callback(store, self, runtime_instance, event, handle)?;
-
-                let state = self.concurrent_state_mut(store);
-
-                state.get_mut(call.task)?.callback = Some(callback);
-
-                state.exit_instance(runtime_instance)?;
-
-                self.maybe_pop_call_context(store.store_opaque_mut(), call.task)?;
-
-                self.id().get_mut(store).handle_callback_code(
-                    call.task,
-                    runtime_instance,
-                    code,
-                    false,
-                )?;
-
-                self.concurrent_state_mut(store).guest_task = old_task;
-                log::trace!("GuestCallKind::DeliverEvent: restored {old_task:?} as current task");
-            }
-            GuestCallKind::Start(fun) => {
-                fun(store, self)?;
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Suspend the current fiber, storing the reason in
-    /// `ConcurrentState::suspend_reason` to indicate the conditions under which
-    /// it should be resumed.
-    ///
-    /// See the `SuspendReason` documentation for details.
-    fn suspend(self, store: &mut dyn VMStore, reason: SuspendReason) -> Result<()> {
-        log::trace!("suspend fiber: {reason:?}");
-
-        // If we're yielding or waiting on behalf of a guest task, we'll need to
-        // pop the call context which manages resource borrows before suspending
-        // and then push it again once we've resumed.
-        let task = match &reason {
-            SuspendReason::Yielding { task } | SuspendReason::Waiting { task, .. } => Some(*task),
-            SuspendReason::NeedWork => None,
-        };
-
-        let old_guest_task = if let Some(task) = task {
-            self.maybe_pop_call_context(store, task)?;
-            self.concurrent_state_mut(store).guest_task
-        } else {
-            None
-        };
-
-        let suspend_reason = &mut self.concurrent_state_mut(store).suspend_reason;
-        assert!(suspend_reason.is_none());
-        *suspend_reason = Some(reason);
-
-        store.with_blocking(|_, cx| cx.suspend(StoreFiberYield::ReleaseStore))?;
-
-        if let Some(task) = task {
-            self.concurrent_state_mut(store).guest_task = old_guest_task;
-            self.maybe_push_call_context(store, task)?;
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Push the call context for managing resource borrows for the specified
-    /// guest task if it has not yet either returned a result or cancelled
-    /// itself.
-    fn maybe_push_call_context(
-        self,
-        store: &mut StoreOpaque,
-        guest_task: TableId<GuestTask>,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        let task = self.concurrent_state_mut(store).get_mut(guest_task)?;
-        if task.lift_result.is_some() {
-            log::trace!("push call context for {guest_task:?}");
-            let call_context = task.call_context.take().unwrap();
-            store.component_resource_state().0.push(call_context);
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Pop the call context for managing resource borrows for the specified
-    /// guest task if it has not yet either returned a result or cancelled
-    /// itself.
-    fn maybe_pop_call_context(
-        self,
-        store: &mut StoreOpaque,
-        guest_task: TableId<GuestTask>,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        if self
-            .concurrent_state_mut(store)
-            .get_mut(guest_task)?
-            .lift_result
-            .is_some()
-        {
-            log::trace!("pop call context for {guest_task:?}");
-            let call_context = Some(store.component_resource_state().0.pop().unwrap());
-            self.concurrent_state_mut(store)
-                .get_mut(guest_task)?
-                .call_context = call_context;
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Add the specified guest call to the "high priority" work item queue, to
-    /// be started as soon as backpressure and/or reentrance rules allow.
-    ///
-    /// SAFETY: The raw pointer arguments must be valid references to guest
-    /// functions (with the appropriate signatures) when the closures queued by
-    /// this function are called.
-    unsafe fn queue_call<T: 'static>(
-        self,
-        mut store: StoreContextMut<T>,
-        guest_task: TableId<GuestTask>,
-        callee: SendSyncPtr<VMFuncRef>,
-        param_count: usize,
-        result_count: usize,
-        flags: Option<InstanceFlags>,
-        async_: bool,
-        callback: Option<SendSyncPtr<VMFuncRef>>,
-        post_return: Option<SendSyncPtr<VMFuncRef>>,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        /// Return a closure which will call the specified function in the scope
-        /// of the specified task.
-        ///
-        /// This will use `GuestTask::lower_params` to lower the parameters, but
-        /// will not lift the result; instead, it returns a
-        /// `[MaybeUninit<ValRaw>; MAX_FLAT_PARAMS]` from which the result, if
-        /// any, may be lifted.  Note that an async-lifted export will have
-        /// returned its result using the `task.return` intrinsic (or not
-        /// returned a result at all, in the case of `task.cancel`), in which
-        /// case the "result" of this call will either be a callback code or
-        /// nothing.
-        ///
-        /// SAFETY: `callee` must be a valid `*mut VMFuncRef` at the time when
-        /// the returned closure is called.
-        unsafe fn make_call<T: 'static>(
-            store: StoreContextMut<T>,
-            guest_task: TableId<GuestTask>,
-            callee: SendSyncPtr<VMFuncRef>,
-            param_count: usize,
-            result_count: usize,
-            flags: Option<InstanceFlags>,
-        ) -> impl FnOnce(
-            &mut dyn VMStore,
-            Instance,
-        ) -> Result<[MaybeUninit<ValRaw>; MAX_FLAT_PARAMS]>
-        + Send
-        + Sync
-        + 'static
-        + use<T> {
-            let token = StoreToken::new(store);
-            move |store: &mut dyn VMStore, instance: Instance| {
-                let mut storage = [MaybeUninit::uninit(); MAX_FLAT_PARAMS];
-                let task = instance.concurrent_state_mut(store).get_mut(guest_task)?;
-                let may_enter_after_call = task.call_post_return_automatically();
-                let lower = task.lower_params.take().unwrap();
-
-                lower(store, instance, &mut storage[..param_count])?;
-
-                let mut store = token.as_context_mut(store);
-
-                // SAFETY: Per the contract documented in `make_call's`
-                // documentation, `callee` must be a valid pointer.
-                unsafe {
-                    if let Some(mut flags) = flags {
-                        flags.set_may_enter(false);
-                    }
-                    crate::Func::call_unchecked_raw(
-                        &mut store,
-                        callee.as_non_null(),
-                        NonNull::new(
-                            &mut storage[..param_count.max(result_count)]
-                                as *mut [MaybeUninit<ValRaw>] as _,
-                        )
-                        .unwrap(),
-                    )?;
-                    if let Some(mut flags) = flags {
-                        flags.set_may_enter(may_enter_after_call);
-                    }
-                }
-
-                Ok(storage)
-            }
-        }
-
-        // SAFETY: Per the contract described in this function documentation,
-        // the `callee` pointer which `call` closes over must be valid when
-        // called by the closure we queue below.
-        let call = unsafe {
-            make_call(
-                store.as_context_mut(),
-                guest_task,
-                callee,
-                param_count,
-                result_count,
-                flags,
-            )
-        };
-
-        let callee_instance = self
-            .concurrent_state_mut(store.0)
-            .get_mut(guest_task)?
-            .instance;
-        let fun = if callback.is_some() {
-            assert!(async_);
-
-            Box::new(move |store: &mut dyn VMStore, instance: Instance| {
-                let old_task = instance
-                    .concurrent_state_mut(store)
-                    .guest_task
-                    .replace(guest_task);
-                log::trace!(
-                    "stackless call: replaced {old_task:?} with {guest_task:?} as current task"
-                );
-
-                instance.maybe_push_call_context(store.store_opaque_mut(), guest_task)?;
-
-                instance
-                    .concurrent_state_mut(store)
-                    .enter_instance(callee_instance);
-
-                // SAFETY: See the documentation for `make_call` to review the
-                // contract we must uphold for `call` here.
-                //
-                // Per the contract described in the `queue_call`
-                // documentation, the `callee` pointer which `call` closes
-                // over must be valid.
-                let storage = call(store, instance)?;
-
-                instance
-                    .concurrent_state_mut(store)
-                    .exit_instance(callee_instance)?;
-
-                instance.maybe_pop_call_context(store.store_opaque_mut(), guest_task)?;
-
-                let state = instance.concurrent_state_mut(store);
-                state.guest_task = old_task;
-                log::trace!("stackless call: restored {old_task:?} as current task");
-
-                // SAFETY: `wasmparser` will have validated that the callback
-                // function returns a `i32` result.
-                let code = unsafe { storage[0].assume_init() }.get_i32() as u32;
-
-                instance.id().get_mut(store).handle_callback_code(
-                    guest_task,
-                    callee_instance,
-                    code,
-                    true,
-                )?;
-
-                Ok(())
-            })
-                as Box<dyn FnOnce(&mut dyn VMStore, Instance) -> Result<()> + Send + Sync>
-        } else {
-            let token = StoreToken::new(store.as_context_mut());
-            Box::new(move |store: &mut dyn VMStore, instance: Instance| {
-                let old_task = instance
-                    .concurrent_state_mut(store)
-                    .guest_task
-                    .replace(guest_task);
-                log::trace!(
-                    "stackful call: replaced {old_task:?} with {guest_task:?} as current task",
-                );
-
-                let mut flags = instance.id().get(store).instance_flags(callee_instance);
-
-                instance.maybe_push_call_context(store.store_opaque_mut(), guest_task)?;
-
-                // Unless this is a callback-less (i.e. stackful)
-                // async-lifted export, we need to record that the instance
-                // cannot be entered until the call returns.
-                if !async_ {
-                    instance
-                        .concurrent_state_mut(store)
-                        .enter_instance(callee_instance);
-                }
-
-                // SAFETY: See the documentation for `make_call` to review the
-                // contract we must uphold for `call` here.
-                //
-                // Per the contract described in the `queue_call`
-                // documentation, the `callee` pointer which `call` closes
-                // over must be valid.
-                let storage = call(store, instance)?;
-
-                if async_ {
-                    // This is a callback-less (i.e. stackful) async-lifted
-                    // export, so there is no post-return function, and
-                    // either `task.return` or `task.cancel` should have
-                    // been called.
-                    if instance
-                        .concurrent_state_mut(store)
-                        .get_mut(guest_task)?
-                        .lift_result
-                        .is_some()
-                    {
-                        return Err(anyhow!(crate::Trap::NoAsyncResult));
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    // This is a sync-lifted export, so now is when we lift the
-                    // result, optionally call the post-return function, if any,
-                    // and finally notify any current or future waiters that the
-                    // subtask has returned.
-
-                    let lift = {
-                        let state = instance.concurrent_state_mut(store);
-                        state.exit_instance(callee_instance)?;
-
-                        assert!(state.get_mut(guest_task)?.result.is_none());
-
-                        state.get_mut(guest_task)?.lift_result.take().unwrap()
-                    };
-
-                    // SAFETY: `result_count` represents the number of core Wasm
-                    // results returned, per `wasmparser`.
-                    let result = (lift.lift)(store, instance, unsafe {
-                        mem::transmute::<&[MaybeUninit<ValRaw>], &[ValRaw]>(
-                            &storage[..result_count],
-                        )
-                    })?;
-
-                    let post_return_arg = match result_count {
-                        0 => ValRaw::i32(0),
-                        // SAFETY: `result_count` represents the number of
-                        // core Wasm results returned, per `wasmparser`.
-                        1 => unsafe { storage[0].assume_init() },
-                        _ => unreachable!(),
-                    };
-
-                    if instance
-                        .concurrent_state_mut(store)
-                        .get_mut(guest_task)?
-                        .call_post_return_automatically()
-                    {
-                        unsafe { flags.set_needs_post_return(false) }
-
-                        if let Some(func) = post_return {
-                            let mut store = token.as_context_mut(store);
-
-                            // SAFETY: `func` is a valid `*mut VMFuncRef` from
-                            // either `wasmtime-cranelift`-generated fused adapter
-                            // code or `component::Options`.  Per `wasmparser`
-                            // post-return signature validation, we know it takes a
-                            // single parameter.
-                            unsafe {
-                                crate::Func::call_unchecked_raw(
-                                    &mut store,
-                                    func.as_non_null(),
-                                    slice::from_ref(&post_return_arg).into(),
-                                )?;
-                            }
-                        }
-
-                        unsafe { flags.set_may_enter(true) }
-                    }
-
-                    instance.task_complete(
-                        store,
-                        guest_task,
-                        result,
-                        Status::Returned,
-                        post_return_arg,
-                    )?;
-                }
-
-                instance.maybe_pop_call_context(store.store_opaque_mut(), guest_task)?;
-
-                let task = instance.concurrent_state_mut(store).get_mut(guest_task)?;
-
-                match &task.caller {
-                    Caller::Host {
-                        remove_task_automatically,
-                        ..
-                    } => {
-                        if *remove_task_automatically {
-                            Waitable::Guest(guest_task)
-                                .delete_from(instance.concurrent_state_mut(store))?;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    Caller::Guest { .. } => {
-                        task.exited = true;
-                    }
-                }
-
-                Ok(())
-            })
-        };
-
-        self.concurrent_state_mut(store.0)
-            .push_high_priority(WorkItem::GuestCall(GuestCall {
-                task: guest_task,
-                kind: GuestCallKind::Start(fun),
-            }));
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Prepare (but do not start) a guest->guest call.
-    ///
-    /// This is called from fused adapter code generated in
-    /// `wasmtime_environ::fact::trampoline::Compiler`.  `start` and `return_`
-    /// are synthesized Wasm functions which move the parameters from the caller
-    /// to the callee and the result from the callee to the caller,
-    /// respectively.  The adapter will call `Self::start_call` immediately
-    /// after calling this function.
-    ///
-    /// SAFETY: All the pointer arguments must be valid pointers to guest
-    /// entities (and with the expected signatures for the function references
-    /// -- see `wasmtime_environ::fact::trampoline::Compiler` for details).
-    unsafe fn prepare_call<T: 'static>(
-        self,
-        mut store: StoreContextMut<T>,
-        start: *mut VMFuncRef,
-        return_: *mut VMFuncRef,
-        caller_instance: RuntimeComponentInstanceIndex,
-        callee_instance: RuntimeComponentInstanceIndex,
-        task_return_type: TypeTupleIndex,
-        memory: *mut VMMemoryDefinition,
-        string_encoding: u8,
-        caller_info: CallerInfo,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        enum ResultInfo {
-            Heap { results: u32 },
-            Stack { result_count: u32 },
-        }
-
-        let result_info = match &caller_info {
-            CallerInfo::Async {
-                has_result: true,
-                params,
-            } => ResultInfo::Heap {
-                results: params.last().unwrap().get_u32(),
-            },
-            CallerInfo::Async {
-                has_result: false, ..
-            } => ResultInfo::Stack { result_count: 0 },
-            CallerInfo::Sync {
-                result_count,
-                params,
-            } if *result_count > u32::try_from(MAX_FLAT_RESULTS).unwrap() => ResultInfo::Heap {
-                results: params.last().unwrap().get_u32(),
-            },
-            CallerInfo::Sync { result_count, .. } => ResultInfo::Stack {
-                result_count: *result_count,
-            },
-        };
-
-        let sync_caller = matches!(caller_info, CallerInfo::Sync { .. });
-
-        // Create a new guest task for the call, closing over the `start` and
-        // `return_` functions to lift the parameters and lower the result,
-        // respectively.
-        let start = SendSyncPtr::new(NonNull::new(start).unwrap());
-        let return_ = SendSyncPtr::new(NonNull::new(return_).unwrap());
-        let token = StoreToken::new(store.as_context_mut());
-        let state = self.concurrent_state_mut(store.0);
-        let old_task = state.guest_task.take();
-        let new_task = GuestTask::new(
-            state,
-            Box::new(move |store, instance, dst| {
-                let mut store = token.as_context_mut(store);
-                assert!(dst.len() <= MAX_FLAT_PARAMS);
-                let mut src = [MaybeUninit::uninit(); MAX_FLAT_PARAMS];
-                let count = match caller_info {
-                    // Async callers, if they have a result, use the last
-                    // parameter as a return pointer so chop that off if
-                    // relevant here.
-                    CallerInfo::Async { params, has_result } => {
-                        let params = &params[..params.len() - usize::from(has_result)];
-                        for (param, src) in params.iter().zip(&mut src) {
-                            src.write(*param);
-                        }
-                        params.len()
-                    }
-
-                    // Sync callers forward everything directly.
-                    CallerInfo::Sync { params, .. } => {
-                        for (param, src) in params.iter().zip(&mut src) {
-                            src.write(*param);
-                        }
-                        params.len()
-                    }
-                };
-                // SAFETY: `start` is a valid `*mut VMFuncRef` from
-                // `wasmtime-cranelift`-generated fused adapter code.  Based on
-                // how it was constructed (see
-                // `wasmtime_environ::fact::trampoline::Compiler::compile_async_start_adapter`
-                // for details) we know it takes count parameters and returns
-                // `dst.len()` results.
-                unsafe {
-                    crate::Func::call_unchecked_raw(
-                        &mut store,
-                        start.as_non_null(),
-                        NonNull::new(
-                            &mut src[..count.max(dst.len())] as *mut [MaybeUninit<ValRaw>] as _,
-                        )
-                        .unwrap(),
-                    )?;
-                }
-                dst.copy_from_slice(&src[..dst.len()]);
-                let state = instance.concurrent_state_mut(store.0);
-                let task = state.guest_task.unwrap();
-                Waitable::Guest(task).set_event(
-                    state,
-                    Some(Event::Subtask {
-                        status: Status::Started,
-                    }),
-                )?;
-                Ok(())
-            }),
-            LiftResult {
-                lift: Box::new(move |store, instance, src| {
-                    // SAFETY: See comment in closure passed as `lower_params`
-                    // parameter above.
-                    let mut store = token.as_context_mut(store);
-                    let mut my_src = src.to_owned(); // TODO: use stack to avoid allocation?
-                    if let ResultInfo::Heap { results } = &result_info {
-                        my_src.push(ValRaw::u32(*results));
-                    }
-                    // SAFETY: `return_` is a valid `*mut VMFuncRef` from
-                    // `wasmtime-cranelift`-generated fused adapter code.  Based
-                    // on how it was constructed (see
-                    // `wasmtime_environ::fact::trampoline::Compiler::compile_async_return_adapter`
-                    // for details) we know it takes `src.len()` parameters and
-                    // returns up to 1 result.
-                    unsafe {
-                        crate::Func::call_unchecked_raw(
-                            &mut store,
-                            return_.as_non_null(),
-                            my_src.as_mut_slice().into(),
-                        )?;
-                    }
-                    let state = instance.concurrent_state_mut(store.0);
-                    let task = state.guest_task.unwrap();
-                    if sync_caller {
-                        state.get_mut(task)?.sync_result =
-                            Some(if let ResultInfo::Stack { result_count } = &result_info {
-                                match result_count {
-                                    0 => None,
-                                    1 => Some(my_src[0]),
-                                    _ => unreachable!(),
-                                }
-                            } else {
-                                None
-                            });
-                    }
-                    Ok(Box::new(DummyResult) as Box<dyn Any + Send + Sync>)
-                }),
-                ty: task_return_type,
-                memory: NonNull::new(memory).map(SendSyncPtr::new),
-                string_encoding: StringEncoding::from_u8(string_encoding).unwrap(),
-            },
-            Caller::Guest {
-                task: old_task.unwrap(),
-                instance: caller_instance,
-            },
-            None,
-            callee_instance,
-        )?;
-
-        let guest_task = state.push(new_task)?;
-
-        if let Some(old_task) = old_task {
-            if !state.may_enter(guest_task) {
-                bail!(crate::Trap::CannotEnterComponent);
-            }
-
-            state.get_mut(old_task)?.subtasks.insert(guest_task);
-        };
-
-        // Make the new task the current one so that `Self::start_call` knows
-        // which one to start.
-        state.guest_task = Some(guest_task);
-        log::trace!("pushed {guest_task:?} as current task; old task was {old_task:?}");
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Call the specified callback function for an async-lifted export.
-    ///
-    /// SAFETY: `function` must be a valid reference to a guest function of the
-    /// correct signature for a callback.
-    unsafe fn call_callback<T>(
-        self,
-        mut store: StoreContextMut<T>,
-        callee_instance: RuntimeComponentInstanceIndex,
-        function: SendSyncPtr<VMFuncRef>,
-        event: Event,
-        handle: u32,
-        may_enter_after_call: bool,
-    ) -> Result<u32> {
-        let mut flags = self.id().get(store.0).instance_flags(callee_instance);
-
-        let (ordinal, result) = event.parts();
-        let params = &mut [
-            ValRaw::u32(ordinal),
-            ValRaw::u32(handle),
-            ValRaw::u32(result),
-        ];
-        // SAFETY: `func` is a valid `*mut VMFuncRef` from either
-        // `wasmtime-cranelift`-generated fused adapter code or
-        // `component::Options`.  Per `wasmparser` callback signature
-        // validation, we know it takes three parameters and returns one.
-        unsafe {
-            flags.set_may_enter(false);
-            crate::Func::call_unchecked_raw(
-                &mut store,
-                function.as_non_null(),
-                params.as_mut_slice().into(),
-            )?;
-            flags.set_may_enter(may_enter_after_call);
-        }
-        Ok(params[0].get_u32())
-    }
-
-    /// Start a guest->guest call previously prepared using
-    /// `Self::prepare_call`.
-    ///
-    /// This is called from fused adapter code generated in
-    /// `wasmtime_environ::fact::trampoline::Compiler`.  The adapter will call
-    /// this function immediately after calling `Self::prepare_call`.
-    ///
-    /// SAFETY: The `*mut VMFuncRef` arguments must be valid pointers to guest
-    /// functions with the appropriate signatures for the current guest task.
-    /// If this is a call to an async-lowered import, the actual call may be
-    /// deferred and run after this function returns, in which case the pointer
-    /// arguments must also be valid when the call happens.
-    unsafe fn start_call<T: 'static>(
-        self,
-        mut store: StoreContextMut<T>,
-        callback: *mut VMFuncRef,
-        post_return: *mut VMFuncRef,
-        callee: *mut VMFuncRef,
-        param_count: u32,
-        result_count: u32,
-        flags: u32,
-        storage: Option<&mut [MaybeUninit<ValRaw>]>,
-    ) -> Result<u32> {
-        let token = StoreToken::new(store.as_context_mut());
-        let async_caller = storage.is_none();
-        let state = self.concurrent_state_mut(store.0);
-        let guest_task = state.guest_task.unwrap();
-        let may_enter_after_call = state.get_mut(guest_task)?.call_post_return_automatically();
-        let callee = SendSyncPtr::new(NonNull::new(callee).unwrap());
-        let param_count = usize::try_from(param_count).unwrap();
-        assert!(param_count <= MAX_FLAT_PARAMS);
-        let result_count = usize::try_from(result_count).unwrap();
-        assert!(result_count <= MAX_FLAT_RESULTS);
-
-        let task = state.get_mut(guest_task)?;
-        if !callback.is_null() {
-            // We're calling an async-lifted export with a callback, so store
-            // the callback and related context as part of the task so we can
-            // call it later when needed.
-            let callback = SendSyncPtr::new(NonNull::new(callback).unwrap());
-            task.callback = Some(Box::new(
-                move |store, instance, runtime_instance, event, handle| {
-                    let store = token.as_context_mut(store);
-                    unsafe {
-                        instance.call_callback::<T>(
-                            store,
-                            runtime_instance,
-                            callback,
-                            event,
-                            handle,
-                            may_enter_after_call,
-                        )
-                    }
-                },
-            ));
-        }
-
-        let Caller::Guest {
-            task: caller,
-            instance: runtime_instance,
-        } = &task.caller
-        else {
-            // As of this writing, `start_call` is only used for guest->guest
-            // calls.
-            unreachable!()
-        };
-        let caller = *caller;
-        let caller_instance = *runtime_instance;
-
-        let callee_instance = task.instance;
-
-        let instance_flags = if callback.is_null() {
-            None
-        } else {
-            Some(self.id().get(store.0).instance_flags(callee_instance))
-        };
-
-        // Queue the call as a "high priority" work item.
-        unsafe {
-            self.queue_call(
-                store.as_context_mut(),
-                guest_task,
-                callee,
-                param_count,
-                result_count,
-                instance_flags,
-                (flags & START_FLAG_ASYNC_CALLEE) != 0,
-                NonNull::new(callback).map(SendSyncPtr::new),
-                NonNull::new(post_return).map(SendSyncPtr::new),
-            )?;
-        }
-
-        let state = self.concurrent_state_mut(store.0);
-
-        // Use the caller's `GuestTask::sync_call_set` to register interest in
-        // the subtask...
-        let guest_waitable = Waitable::Guest(guest_task);
-        let old_set = guest_waitable.common(state)?.set;
-        let set = state.get_mut(caller)?.sync_call_set;
-        guest_waitable.join(state, Some(set))?;
-
-        // ... and suspend this fiber temporarily while we wait for it to start.
-        //
-        // Note that we _could_ call the callee directly using the current fiber
-        // rather than suspend this one, but that would make reasoning about the
-        // event loop more complicated and is probably only worth doing if
-        // there's a measurable performance benefit.  In addition, it would mean
-        // blocking the caller if the callee calls a blocking sync-lowered
-        // import, and as of this writing the spec says we must not do that.
-        //
-        // Alternatively, the fused adapter code could be modified to call the
-        // callee directly without calling a host-provided intrinsic at all (in
-        // which case it would need to do its own, inline backpressure checks,
-        // etc.).  Again, we'd want to see a measurable performance benefit
-        // before committing to such an optimization.  And again, we'd need to
-        // update the spec to allow that.
-        let (status, waitable) = loop {
-            self.suspend(store.0, SuspendReason::Waiting { set, task: caller })?;
-
-            let state = self.concurrent_state_mut(store.0);
-
-            let event = guest_waitable.take_event(state)?;
-            let Some(Event::Subtask { status }) = event else {
-                unreachable!();
-            };
-
-            log::trace!("status {status:?} for {guest_task:?}");
-
-            if status == Status::Returned {
-                // It returned, so we can stop waiting.
-                break (status, None);
-            } else if async_caller {
-                // It hasn't returned yet, but the caller is calling via an
-                // async-lowered import, so we generate a handle for the task
-                // waitable and return the status.
-                let handle = self.id().get_mut(store.0).guest_tables().0[caller_instance]
-                    .subtask_insert_guest(guest_task.rep())?;
-                self.concurrent_state_mut(store.0)
-                    .get_mut(guest_task)?
-                    .common
-                    .handle = Some(handle);
-                break (status, Some(handle));
-            } else {
-                // The callee hasn't returned yet, and the caller is calling via
-                // a sync-lowered import, so we loop and keep waiting until the
-                // callee returns.
-            }
-        };
-
-        let state = self.concurrent_state_mut(store.0);
-
-        guest_waitable.join(state, old_set)?;
-
-        if let Some(storage) = storage {
-            // The caller used a sync-lowered import to call an async-lifted
-            // export, in which case the result, if any, has been stashed in
-            // `GuestTask::sync_result`.
-            let task = state.get_mut(guest_task)?;
-            if let Some(result) = task.sync_result.take() {
-                if let Some(result) = result {
-                    storage[0] = MaybeUninit::new(result);
-                }
-
-                if task.exited {
-                    Waitable::Guest(guest_task).delete_from(state)?;
-                }
-            } else {
-                // This means the callee failed to call either `task.return` or
-                // `task.cancel` before exiting.
-                return Err(anyhow!(crate::Trap::NoAsyncResult));
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Reset the current task to point to the caller as it resumes control.
-        state.guest_task = Some(caller);
-        log::trace!("popped current task {guest_task:?}; new task is {caller:?}");
-
-        Ok(status.pack(waitable))
-    }
-
-    /// Wrap the specified host function in a future which will call it, passing
-    /// it an `&Accessor<T>`.
-    ///
-    /// See the `Accessor` documentation for details.
-    pub(crate) fn wrap_call<T, F, R>(
-        self,
-        store: StoreContextMut<T>,
-        closure: F,
-    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<R>> + 'static
-    where
-        T: 'static,
-        F: FnOnce(&Accessor<T>) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<R>> + Send + '_>>
-            + Send
-            + Sync
-            + 'static,
-        R: Send + Sync + 'static,
-    {
-        let token = StoreToken::new(store);
-        async move {
-            let mut accessor = Accessor::new(token, Some(self));
-            closure(&mut accessor).await
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Poll the specified future once on behalf of a guest->host call using an
-    /// async-lowered import.
-    ///
-    /// If it returns `Ready`, return `Ok(None)`.  Otherwise, if it returns
-    /// `Pending`, add it to the set of futures to be polled as part of this
-    /// instance's event loop until it completes, and then return
-    /// `Ok(Some(handle))` where `handle` is the waitable handle to return.
-    ///
-    /// Whether the future returns `Ready` immediately or later, the `lower`
-    /// function will be used to lower the result, if any, into the guest caller's
-    /// stack and linear memory unless the task has been cancelled.
-    pub(crate) fn first_poll<T: 'static, R: Send + 'static>(
-        self,
-        mut store: StoreContextMut<T>,
-        future: impl Future<Output = Result<R>> + Send + 'static,
-        caller_instance: RuntimeComponentInstanceIndex,
-        lower: impl FnOnce(StoreContextMut<T>, Instance, R) -> Result<()> + Send + 'static,
-    ) -> Result<Option<u32>> {
-        let token = StoreToken::new(store.as_context_mut());
-        let state = self.concurrent_state_mut(store.0);
-        let caller = state.guest_task.unwrap();
-
-        // Create an abortable future which hooks calls to poll and manages call
-        // context state for the future.
-        let (join_handle, future) = JoinHandle::run(async move {
-            let mut future = pin!(future);
-            let mut call_context = None;
-            future::poll_fn(move |cx| {
-                // Push the call context for managing any resource borrows
-                // for the task.
-                tls::get(|store| {
-                    if let Some(call_context) = call_context.take() {
-                        token
-                            .as_context_mut(store)
-                            .0
-                            .component_resource_state()
-                            .0
-                            .push(call_context);
-                    }
-                });
-
-                let result = future.as_mut().poll(cx);
-
-                if result.is_pending() {
-                    // Pop the call context for managing any resource
-                    // borrows for the task.
-                    tls::get(|store| {
-                        call_context = Some(
-                            token
-                                .as_context_mut(store)
-                                .0
-                                .component_resource_state()
-                                .0
-                                .pop()
-                                .unwrap(),
-                        );
-                    });
-                }
-                result
-            })
-            .await
-        });
-
-        // We create a new host task even though it might complete immediately
-        // (in which case we won't need to pass a waitable back to the guest).
-        // If it does complete immediately, we'll remove it before we return.
-        let task = state.push(HostTask::new(caller_instance, Some(join_handle)))?;
-
-        log::trace!("new host task child of {caller:?}: {task:?}");
-
-        let mut future = Box::pin(future);
-
-        // Finally, poll the future.  We can use a dummy `Waker` here because
-        // we'll add the future to `ConcurrentState::futures` and poll it
-        // automatically from the event loop if it doesn't complete immediately
-        // here.
-        let poll = self.set_tls(store.0, || {
-            future
-                .as_mut()
-                .poll(&mut Context::from_waker(&Waker::noop()))
-        });
-
-        Ok(match poll {
-            Poll::Ready(None) => unreachable!(),
-            Poll::Ready(Some(result)) => {
-                // It finished immediately; lower the result and delete the
-                // task.
-                lower(store.as_context_mut(), self, result?)?;
-                log::trace!("delete host task {task:?} (already ready)");
-                self.concurrent_state_mut(store.0).delete(task)?;
-                None
-            }
-            Poll::Pending => {
-                // It hasn't finished yet; add the future to
-                // `ConcurrentState::futures` so it will be polled by the event
-                // loop and allocate a waitable handle to return to the guest.
-
-                // Wrap the future in a closure responsible for lowering the result into
-                // the guest's stack and memory, as well as notifying any waiters that
-                // the task returned.
-                let future = Box::pin(async move {
-                    let result = match future.await {
-                        Some(result) => result?,
-                        // Task was cancelled; nothing left to do.
-                        None => return Ok(()),
-                    };
-                    tls::get(move |store| {
-                        // Here we schedule a task to run on a worker fiber to do
-                        // the lowering since it may involve a call to the guest's
-                        // realloc function.  This is necessary because calling the
-                        // guest while there are host embedder frames on the stack
-                        // is unsound.
-                        self.concurrent_state_mut(store).push_high_priority(
-                            WorkItem::WorkerFunction(AlwaysMut::new(Box::new(move |store, _| {
-                                lower(token.as_context_mut(store), self, result)?;
-                                let state = self.concurrent_state_mut(store);
-                                state.get_mut(task)?.join_handle.take();
-                                Waitable::Host(task).set_event(
-                                    state,
-                                    Some(Event::Subtask {
-                                        status: Status::Returned,
-                                    }),
-                                )
-                            }))),
-                        );
-                        Ok(())
-                    })
-                });
-
-                self.concurrent_state_mut(store.0).push_future(future);
-                let handle = self.id().get_mut(store.0).guest_tables().0[caller_instance]
-                    .subtask_insert_host(task.rep())?;
-                self.concurrent_state_mut(store.0)
-                    .get_mut(task)?
-                    .common
-                    .handle = Some(handle);
-                log::trace!(
-                    "assign {task:?} handle {handle} for {caller:?} instance {caller_instance:?}"
-                );
-                Some(handle)
-            }
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Poll the specified future until it completes on behalf of a guest->host
-    /// call using a sync-lowered import.
-    ///
-    /// This is similar to `Self::first_poll` except it's for sync-lowered
-    /// imports, meaning we don't need to handle cancellation and we can block
-    /// the caller until the task completes, at which point the caller can
-    /// handle lowering the result to the guest's stack and linear memory.
-    pub(crate) fn poll_and_block<R: Send + Sync + 'static>(
-        self,
-        store: &mut dyn VMStore,
-        future: impl Future<Output = Result<R>> + Send + 'static,
-        caller_instance: RuntimeComponentInstanceIndex,
-    ) -> Result<R> {
-        let state = self.concurrent_state_mut(store);
-
-        // If there is no current guest task set, that means the host function
-        // was registered using e.g. `LinkerInstance::func_wrap`, in which case
-        // it should complete immediately.
-        let Some(caller) = state.guest_task else {
-            return match pin!(future).poll(&mut Context::from_waker(&Waker::noop())) {
-                Poll::Ready(result) => result,
-                Poll::Pending => {
-                    unreachable!()
-                }
-            };
-        };
-
-        // Save any existing result stashed in `GuestTask::result` so we can
-        // replace it with the new result.
-        let old_result = state
-            .get_mut(caller)
-            .with_context(|| format!("bad handle: {caller:?}"))?
-            .result
-            .take();
-
-        // Add a temporary host task into the table so we can track its
-        // progress.  Note that we'll never allocate a waitable handle for the
-        // guest since we're being called synchronously.
-        let task = state.push(HostTask::new(caller_instance, None))?;
-
-        log::trace!("new host task child of {caller:?}: {task:?}");
-
-        // Wrap the future in a closure which will take care of stashing the
-        // result in `GuestTask::result` and resuming this fiber when the host
-        // task completes.
-        let mut future = Box::pin(async move {
-            let result = future.await?;
-            tls::get(move |store| {
-                let state = self.concurrent_state_mut(store);
-                state.get_mut(caller)?.result = Some(Box::new(result) as _);
-
-                Waitable::Host(task).set_event(
-                    state,
-                    Some(Event::Subtask {
-                        status: Status::Returned,
-                    }),
-                )?;
-
-                Ok(())
-            })
-        }) as HostTaskFuture;
-
-        // Finally, poll the future.  We can use a dummy `Waker` here because
-        // we'll add the future to `ConcurrentState::futures` and poll it
-        // automatically from the event loop if it doesn't complete immediately
-        // here.
-        let poll = self.set_tls(store, || {
-            future
-                .as_mut()
-                .poll(&mut Context::from_waker(&Waker::noop()))
-        });
-
-        match poll {
-            Poll::Ready(result) => {
-                // It completed immediately; check the result and delete the task.
-                result?;
-                log::trace!("delete host task {task:?} (already ready)");
-                self.concurrent_state_mut(store).delete(task)?;
-            }
-            Poll::Pending => {
-                // It did not complete immediately; add it to
-                // `ConcurrentState::futures` so it will be polled via the event
-                // loop; then use `GuestTask::sync_call_set` to wait for the
-                // task to complete, suspending the current fiber until it does
-                // so.
-                let state = self.concurrent_state_mut(store);
-                state.push_future(future);
-
-                let set = state.get_mut(caller)?.sync_call_set;
-                Waitable::Host(task).join(state, Some(set))?;
-
-                self.suspend(store, SuspendReason::Waiting { set, task: caller })?;
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Retrieve and return the result.
-        Ok(*mem::replace(
-            &mut self.concurrent_state_mut(store).get_mut(caller)?.result,
-            old_result,
-        )
-        .unwrap()
-        .downcast()
-        .unwrap())
-    }
-
-    /// Implements the `task.return` intrinsic, lifting the result for the
-    /// current guest task.
-    pub(crate) fn task_return(
-        self,
-        store: &mut dyn VMStore,
-        ty: TypeTupleIndex,
-        options: OptionsIndex,
-        storage: &[ValRaw],
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        let state = self.concurrent_state_mut(store);
-        let CanonicalOptions {
-            string_encoding,
-            data_model,
-            ..
-        } = *state.options(options);
-        let guest_task = state.guest_task.unwrap();
-        let lift = state
-            .get_mut(guest_task)?
-            .lift_result
-            .take()
-            .ok_or_else(|| {
-                anyhow!("`task.return` or `task.cancel` called more than once for current task")
-            })?;
-        assert!(state.get_mut(guest_task)?.result.is_none());
-
-        let invalid = ty != lift.ty
-            || string_encoding != lift.string_encoding
-            || match data_model {
-                CanonicalOptionsDataModel::LinearMemory(opts) => match opts.memory {
-                    Some(memory) => {
-                        let expected = lift.memory.map(|v| v.as_ptr()).unwrap_or(ptr::null_mut());
-                        let actual = self.id().get(store).runtime_memory(memory);
-                        expected != actual
-                    }
-                    // Memory not specified, meaning it didn't need to be
-                    // specified per validation, so not invalid.
-                    None => false,
-                },
-                // Always invalid as this isn't supported.
-                CanonicalOptionsDataModel::Gc { .. } => true,
-            };
-
-        if invalid {
-            bail!("invalid `task.return` signature and/or options for current task");
-        }
-
-        log::trace!("task.return for {guest_task:?}");
-
-        let result = (lift.lift)(store, self, storage)?;
-
-        self.task_complete(store, guest_task, result, Status::Returned, ValRaw::i32(0))
-    }
-
-    /// Implements the `task.cancel` intrinsic.
-    pub(crate) fn task_cancel(
-        self,
-        store: &mut dyn VMStore,
-        _caller_instance: RuntimeComponentInstanceIndex,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        let state = self.concurrent_state_mut(store);
-        let guest_task = state.guest_task.unwrap();
-        let task = state.get_mut(guest_task)?;
-        if !task.cancel_sent {
-            bail!("`task.cancel` called by task which has not been cancelled")
-        }
-        _ = task.lift_result.take().ok_or_else(|| {
-            anyhow!("`task.return` or `task.cancel` called more than once for current task")
-        })?;
-
-        assert!(task.result.is_none());
-
-        log::trace!("task.cancel for {guest_task:?}");
-
-        self.task_complete(
-            store,
-            guest_task,
-            Box::new(DummyResult),
-            Status::ReturnCancelled,
-            ValRaw::i32(0),
-        )
-    }
-
-    /// Complete the specified guest task (i.e. indicate that it has either
-    /// returned a (possibly empty) result or cancelled itself).
-    ///
-    /// This will return any resource borrows and notify any current or future
-    /// waiters that the task has completed.
-    fn task_complete(
-        self,
-        store: &mut dyn VMStore,
-        guest_task: TableId<GuestTask>,
-        result: Box<dyn Any + Send + Sync>,
-        status: Status,
-        post_return_arg: ValRaw,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        if self
-            .concurrent_state_mut(store)
-            .get_mut(guest_task)?
-            .call_post_return_automatically()
-        {
-            let (calls, host_table, _, instance) = store
-                .store_opaque_mut()
-                .component_resource_state_with_instance(self);
-            ResourceTables {
-                calls,
-                host_table: Some(host_table),
-                guest: Some(instance.guest_tables()),
-            }
-            .exit_call()?;
-        } else {
-            // As of this writing, the only scenario where `call_post_return_automatically`
-            // would be false for a `GuestTask` is for host-to-guest calls using
-            // `[Typed]Func::call_async`, in which case the `function_index`
-            // should be a non-`None` value.
-            let function_index = self
-                .concurrent_state_mut(store)
-                .get_mut(guest_task)?
-                .function_index
-                .unwrap();
-
-            self.id()
-                .get_mut(store)
-                .post_return_arg_set(function_index, post_return_arg);
-        }
-
-        let state = self.concurrent_state_mut(store);
-        let task = state.get_mut(guest_task)?;
-
-        if let Caller::Host { tx, .. } = &mut task.caller {
-            if let Some(tx) = tx.take() {
-                _ = tx.send(result);
-            }
-        } else {
-            task.result = Some(result);
-            Waitable::Guest(guest_task).set_event(state, Some(Event::Subtask { status }))?;
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Implements the `waitable-set.wait` intrinsic.
-    pub(crate) fn waitable_set_wait(
-        self,
-        store: &mut dyn VMStore,
-        options: OptionsIndex,
-        set: u32,
-        payload: u32,
-    ) -> Result<u32> {
-        let opts = self.concurrent_state_mut(store).options(options);
-        let cancellable = opts.cancellable;
-        let caller_instance = opts.instance;
-        let rep =
-            self.id().get_mut(store).guest_tables().0[caller_instance].waitable_set_rep(set)?;
-
-        self.waitable_check(
-            store,
-            cancellable,
-            WaitableCheck::Wait(WaitableCheckParams {
-                set: TableId::new(rep),
-                options,
-                payload,
-            }),
-        )
-    }
-
-    /// Implements the `waitable-set.poll` intrinsic.
-    pub(crate) fn waitable_set_poll(
-        self,
-        store: &mut dyn VMStore,
-        options: OptionsIndex,
-        set: u32,
-        payload: u32,
-    ) -> Result<u32> {
-        let opts = self.concurrent_state_mut(store).options(options);
-        let cancellable = opts.cancellable;
-        let caller_instance = opts.instance;
-        let rep =
-            self.id().get_mut(store).guest_tables().0[caller_instance].waitable_set_rep(set)?;
-
-        self.waitable_check(
-            store,
-            cancellable,
-            WaitableCheck::Poll(WaitableCheckParams {
-                set: TableId::new(rep),
-                options,
-                payload,
-            }),
-        )
-    }
-
-    /// Implements the `thread.yield` intrinsic.
-    pub(crate) fn thread_yield(self, store: &mut dyn VMStore, cancellable: bool) -> Result<bool> {
-        self.waitable_check(store, cancellable, WaitableCheck::Yield)
-            .map(|_| {
-                if cancellable {
-                    let state = self.concurrent_state_mut(store);
-                    let task = state.guest_task.unwrap();
-                    if let Some(event) = state.get_mut(task).unwrap().event.take() {
-                        assert!(matches!(event, Event::Cancelled));
-                        true
-                    } else {
-                        false
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    false
-                }
-            })
-    }
-
-    /// Helper function for the `waitable-set.wait`, `waitable-set.poll`, and
-    /// `yield` intrinsics.
-    fn waitable_check(
-        self,
-        store: &mut dyn VMStore,
-        cancellable: bool,
-        check: WaitableCheck,
-    ) -> Result<u32> {
-        let guest_task = self.concurrent_state_mut(store).guest_task.unwrap();
-
-        let (wait, set) = match &check {
-            WaitableCheck::Wait(params) => (true, Some(params.set)),
-            WaitableCheck::Poll(params) => (false, Some(params.set)),
-            WaitableCheck::Yield => (false, None),
-        };
-
-        // First, suspend this fiber, allowing any other tasks to run.
-        self.suspend(store, SuspendReason::Yielding { task: guest_task })?;
-
-        log::trace!("waitable check for {guest_task:?}; set {set:?}");
-
-        let state = self.concurrent_state_mut(store);
-        let task = state.get_mut(guest_task)?;
-
-        if wait && task.callback.is_some() {
-            bail!("cannot call `task.wait` from async-lifted export with callback");
-        }
-
-        // If we're waiting, and there are no events immediately available,
-        // suspend the fiber until that changes.
-        if wait {
-            let set = set.unwrap();
-
-            if (task.event.is_none()
-                || (matches!(task.event, Some(Event::Cancelled)) && !cancellable))
-                && state.get_mut(set)?.ready.is_empty()
-            {
-                if cancellable {
-                    let old = state.get_mut(guest_task)?.wake_on_cancel.replace(set);
-                    assert!(old.is_none());
-                }
-
-                self.suspend(
-                    store,
-                    SuspendReason::Waiting {
-                        set,
-                        task: guest_task,
-                    },
-                )?;
-            }
-        }
-
-        log::trace!("waitable check for {guest_task:?}; set {set:?}, part two");
-
-        let result = match check {
-            // Deliver any pending events to the guest and return.
-            WaitableCheck::Wait(params) | WaitableCheck::Poll(params) => {
-                let event = self.id().get_mut(store).get_event(
-                    guest_task,
-                    Some(params.set),
-                    cancellable,
-                )?;
-
-                let (ordinal, handle, result) = if wait {
-                    let (event, waitable) = event.unwrap();
-                    let handle = waitable.map(|(_, v)| v).unwrap_or(0);
-                    let (ordinal, result) = event.parts();
-                    (ordinal, handle, result)
-                } else {
-                    if let Some((event, waitable)) = event {
-                        let handle = waitable.map(|(_, v)| v).unwrap_or(0);
-                        let (ordinal, result) = event.parts();
-                        (ordinal, handle, result)
-                    } else {
-                        log::trace!(
-                            "no events ready to deliver via waitable-set.poll to {guest_task:?}; set {:?}",
-                            params.set
-                        );
-                        let (ordinal, result) = Event::None.parts();
-                        (ordinal, 0, result)
-                    }
-                };
-                let store = store.store_opaque_mut();
-                let options = Options::new_index(store, self, params.options);
-                let ptr = func::validate_inbounds::<(u32, u32)>(
-                    options.memory_mut(store),
-                    &ValRaw::u32(params.payload),
-                )?;
-                options.memory_mut(store)[ptr + 0..][..4].copy_from_slice(&handle.to_le_bytes());
-                options.memory_mut(store)[ptr + 4..][..4].copy_from_slice(&result.to_le_bytes());
-                Ok(ordinal)
-            }
-            WaitableCheck::Yield => Ok(0),
-        };
-
-        result
-    }
-
-    /// Implements the `subtask.cancel` intrinsic.
-    pub(crate) fn subtask_cancel(
-        self,
-        store: &mut dyn VMStore,
-        caller_instance: RuntimeComponentInstanceIndex,
-        async_: bool,
-        task_id: u32,
-    ) -> Result<u32> {
-        let (rep, is_host) =
-            self.id().get_mut(store).guest_tables().0[caller_instance].subtask_rep(task_id)?;
-        let (waitable, expected_caller_instance) = if is_host {
-            let id = TableId::<HostTask>::new(rep);
-            (
-                Waitable::Host(id),
-                self.concurrent_state_mut(store)
-                    .get_mut(id)?
-                    .caller_instance,
-            )
-        } else {
-            let id = TableId::<GuestTask>::new(rep);
-            if let Caller::Guest { instance, .. } =
-                &self.concurrent_state_mut(store).get_mut(id)?.caller
-            {
-                (Waitable::Guest(id), *instance)
-            } else {
-                unreachable!()
-            }
-        };
-        // Since waitables can neither be passed between instances nor forged,
-        // this should never fail unless there's a bug in Wasmtime, but we check
-        // here to be sure:
-        assert_eq!(expected_caller_instance, caller_instance);
-
-        log::trace!("subtask_cancel {waitable:?} (handle {task_id})");
-
-        let concurrent_state = self.concurrent_state_mut(store);
-        if let Waitable::Host(host_task) = waitable {
-            if let Some(handle) = concurrent_state.get_mut(host_task)?.join_handle.take() {
-                handle.abort();
-                return Ok(Status::ReturnCancelled as u32);
-            }
-        } else {
-            let caller = concurrent_state.guest_task.unwrap();
-            let guest_task = TableId::<GuestTask>::new(rep);
-            let task = concurrent_state.get_mut(guest_task)?;
-            if task.lower_params.is_some() {
-                task.lower_params = None;
-                task.lift_result = None;
-
-                // Not yet started; cancel and remove from pending
-                let callee_instance = task.instance;
-
-                let kind = concurrent_state
-                    .instance_state(callee_instance)
-                    .pending
-                    .remove(&guest_task);
-
-                if kind.is_none() {
-                    bail!("`subtask.cancel` called after terminal status delivered");
-                }
-
-                return Ok(Status::StartCancelled as u32);
-            } else if task.lift_result.is_some() {
-                // Started, but not yet returned or cancelled; send the
-                // `CANCELLED` event
-                task.cancel_sent = true;
-                // Note that this might overwrite an event that was set earlier
-                // (e.g. `Event::None` if the task is yielding, or
-                // `Event::Cancelled` if it was already cancelled), but that's
-                // okay -- this should supersede the previous state.
-                task.event = Some(Event::Cancelled);
-                if let Some(set) = task.wake_on_cancel.take() {
-                    let item = match concurrent_state
-                        .get_mut(set)?
-                        .waiting
-                        .remove(&guest_task)
-                        .unwrap()
-                    {
-                        WaitMode::Fiber(fiber) => WorkItem::ResumeFiber(fiber),
-                        WaitMode::Callback => WorkItem::GuestCall(GuestCall {
-                            task: guest_task,
-                            kind: GuestCallKind::DeliverEvent { set: None },
-                        }),
-                    };
-                    concurrent_state.push_high_priority(item);
-
-                    self.suspend(store, SuspendReason::Yielding { task: caller })?;
-                }
-
-                let concurrent_state = self.concurrent_state_mut(store);
-                let task = concurrent_state.get_mut(guest_task)?;
-                if task.lift_result.is_some() {
-                    // Still not yet returned or cancelled; if `async_`, return
-                    // `BLOCKED`; otherwise wait
-                    if async_ {
-                        return Ok(BLOCKED);
-                    } else {
-                        self.wait_for_event(store, Waitable::Guest(guest_task))?;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        let event = waitable.take_event(self.concurrent_state_mut(store))?;
-        if let Some(Event::Subtask {
-            status: status @ (Status::Returned | Status::ReturnCancelled),
-        }) = event
-        {
-            Ok(status as u32)
-        } else {
-            bail!("`subtask.cancel` called after terminal status delivered");
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn wait_for_event(self, store: &mut dyn VMStore, waitable: Waitable) -> Result<()> {
-        let state = self.concurrent_state_mut(store);
-        let caller = state.guest_task.unwrap();
-        let old_set = waitable.common(state)?.set;
-        let set = state.get_mut(caller)?.sync_call_set;
-        waitable.join(state, Some(set))?;
-        self.suspend(store, SuspendReason::Waiting { set, task: caller })?;
-        let state = self.concurrent_state_mut(store);
-        waitable.join(state, old_set)
-    }
-
-    /// Configures TLS state so `store` will be available via `tls::get` within
-    /// the closure `f` provided.
-    ///
-    /// This is used to ensure that `Future::poll`, which doesn't take a `store`
-    /// parameter, is able to get access to the `store` during future poll
-    /// methods.
-    fn set_tls<R>(self, store: &mut dyn VMStore, f: impl FnOnce() -> R) -> R {
-        struct Reset<'a>(&'a mut dyn VMStore, Option<ComponentInstanceId>);
-
-        impl Drop for Reset<'_> {
-            fn drop(&mut self) {
-                self.0.concurrent_async_state_mut().current_instance = self.1;
-            }
-        }
-        let prev = mem::replace(
-            &mut store.concurrent_async_state_mut().current_instance,
-            Some(self.id().instance()),
-        );
-        let reset = Reset(store, prev);
-
-        tls::set(reset.0, f)
-    }
-
-    /// Convenience function to reduce boilerplate.
-    pub(crate) fn concurrent_state_mut<'a>(
-        &self,
-        store: &'a mut StoreOpaque,
-    ) -> &'a mut ConcurrentState {
-        self.id().get_mut(store).concurrent_state_mut()
-    }
-}
-
-/// Trait representing component model ABI async intrinsics and fused adapter
-/// helper functions.
-///
-/// SAFETY (callers): Most of the methods in this trait accept raw pointers,
-/// which must be valid for at least the duration of the call (and possibly for
-/// as long as the relevant guest task exists, in the case of `*mut VMFuncRef`
-/// pointers used for async calls).
-pub trait VMComponentAsyncStore {
-    /// A helper function for fused adapter modules involving calls where the
-    /// one of the caller or callee is async.
-    ///
-    /// This helper is not used when the caller and callee both use the sync
-    /// ABI, only when at least one is async is this used.
-    unsafe fn prepare_call(
-        &mut self,
-        instance: Instance,
-        memory: *mut VMMemoryDefinition,
-        start: *mut VMFuncRef,
-        return_: *mut VMFuncRef,
-        caller_instance: RuntimeComponentInstanceIndex,
-        callee_instance: RuntimeComponentInstanceIndex,
-        task_return_type: TypeTupleIndex,
-        string_encoding: u8,
-        result_count: u32,
-        storage: *mut ValRaw,
-        storage_len: usize,
-    ) -> Result<()>;
-
-    /// A helper function for fused adapter modules involving calls where the
-    /// caller is sync-lowered but the callee is async-lifted.
-    unsafe fn sync_start(
-        &mut self,
-        instance: Instance,
-        callback: *mut VMFuncRef,
-        callee: *mut VMFuncRef,
-        param_count: u32,
-        storage: *mut MaybeUninit<ValRaw>,
-        storage_len: usize,
-    ) -> Result<()>;
-
-    /// A helper function for fused adapter modules involving calls where the
-    /// caller is async-lowered.
-    unsafe fn async_start(
-        &mut self,
-        instance: Instance,
-        callback: *mut VMFuncRef,
-        post_return: *mut VMFuncRef,
-        callee: *mut VMFuncRef,
-        param_count: u32,
-        result_count: u32,
-        flags: u32,
-    ) -> Result<u32>;
-
-    /// The `future.write` intrinsic.
-    fn future_write(
-        &mut self,
-        instance: Instance,
-        ty: TypeFutureTableIndex,
-        options: OptionsIndex,
-        future: u32,
-        address: u32,
-    ) -> Result<u32>;
-
-    /// The `future.read` intrinsic.
-    fn future_read(
-        &mut self,
-        instance: Instance,
-        ty: TypeFutureTableIndex,
-        options: OptionsIndex,
-        future: u32,
-        address: u32,
-    ) -> Result<u32>;
-
-    /// The `future.drop-writable` intrinsic.
-    fn future_drop_writable(
-        &mut self,
-        instance: Instance,
-        ty: TypeFutureTableIndex,
-        writer: u32,
-    ) -> Result<()>;
-
-    /// The `stream.write` intrinsic.
-    fn stream_write(
-        &mut self,
-        instance: Instance,
-        ty: TypeStreamTableIndex,
-        options: OptionsIndex,
-        stream: u32,
-        address: u32,
-        count: u32,
-    ) -> Result<u32>;
-
-    /// The `stream.read` intrinsic.
-    fn stream_read(
-        &mut self,
-        instance: Instance,
-        ty: TypeStreamTableIndex,
-        options: OptionsIndex,
-        stream: u32,
-        address: u32,
-        count: u32,
-    ) -> Result<u32>;
-
-    /// The "fast-path" implementation of the `stream.write` intrinsic for
-    /// "flat" (i.e. memcpy-able) payloads.
-    fn flat_stream_write(
-        &mut self,
-        instance: Instance,
-        ty: TypeStreamTableIndex,
-        options: OptionsIndex,
-        payload_size: u32,
-        payload_align: u32,
-        stream: u32,
-        address: u32,
-        count: u32,
-    ) -> Result<u32>;
-
-    /// The "fast-path" implementation of the `stream.read` intrinsic for "flat"
-    /// (i.e. memcpy-able) payloads.
-    fn flat_stream_read(
-        &mut self,
-        instance: Instance,
-        ty: TypeStreamTableIndex,
-        options: OptionsIndex,
-        payload_size: u32,
-        payload_align: u32,
-        stream: u32,
-        address: u32,
-        count: u32,
-    ) -> Result<u32>;
-
-    /// The `stream.drop-writable` intrinsic.
-    fn stream_drop_writable(
-        &mut self,
-        instance: Instance,
-        ty: TypeStreamTableIndex,
-        writer: u32,
-    ) -> Result<()>;
-
-    /// The `error-context.debug-message` intrinsic.
-    fn error_context_debug_message(
-        &mut self,
-        instance: Instance,
-        ty: TypeComponentLocalErrorContextTableIndex,
-        options: OptionsIndex,
-        err_ctx_handle: u32,
-        debug_msg_address: u32,
-    ) -> Result<()>;
-}
-
-/// SAFETY: See trait docs.
-impl<T: 'static> VMComponentAsyncStore for StoreInner<T> {
-    unsafe fn prepare_call(
-        &mut self,
-        instance: Instance,
-        memory: *mut VMMemoryDefinition,
-        start: *mut VMFuncRef,
-        return_: *mut VMFuncRef,
-        caller_instance: RuntimeComponentInstanceIndex,
-        callee_instance: RuntimeComponentInstanceIndex,
-        task_return_type: TypeTupleIndex,
-        string_encoding: u8,
-        result_count_or_max_if_async: u32,
-        storage: *mut ValRaw,
-        storage_len: usize,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        // SAFETY: The `wasmtime_cranelift`-generated code that calls
-        // this method will have ensured that `storage` is a valid
-        // pointer containing at least `storage_len` items.
-        let params = unsafe { std::slice::from_raw_parts(storage, storage_len) }.to_vec();
-
-        unsafe {
-            instance.prepare_call(
-                StoreContextMut(self),
-                start,
-                return_,
-                caller_instance,
-                callee_instance,
-                task_return_type,
-                memory,
-                string_encoding,
-                match result_count_or_max_if_async {
-                    PREPARE_ASYNC_NO_RESULT => CallerInfo::Async {
-                        params,
-                        has_result: false,
-                    },
-                    PREPARE_ASYNC_WITH_RESULT => CallerInfo::Async {
-                        params,
-                        has_result: true,
-                    },
-                    result_count => CallerInfo::Sync {
-                        params,
-                        result_count,
-                    },
-                },
-            )
-        }
-    }
-
-    unsafe fn sync_start(
-        &mut self,
-        instance: Instance,
-        callback: *mut VMFuncRef,
-        callee: *mut VMFuncRef,
-        param_count: u32,
-        storage: *mut MaybeUninit<ValRaw>,
-        storage_len: usize,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        unsafe {
-            instance
-                .start_call(
-                    StoreContextMut(self),
-                    callback,
-                    ptr::null_mut(),
-                    callee,
-                    param_count,
-                    1,
-                    START_FLAG_ASYNC_CALLEE,
-                    // SAFETY: The `wasmtime_cranelift`-generated code that calls
-                    // this method will have ensured that `storage` is a valid
-                    // pointer containing at least `storage_len` items.
-                    Some(std::slice::from_raw_parts_mut(storage, storage_len)),
-                )
-                .map(drop)
-        }
-    }
-
-    unsafe fn async_start(
-        &mut self,
-        instance: Instance,
-        callback: *mut VMFuncRef,
-        post_return: *mut VMFuncRef,
-        callee: *mut VMFuncRef,
-        param_count: u32,
-        result_count: u32,
-        flags: u32,
-    ) -> Result<u32> {
-        unsafe {
-            instance.start_call(
-                StoreContextMut(self),
-                callback,
-                post_return,
-                callee,
-                param_count,
-                result_count,
-                flags,
-                None,
-            )
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn future_write(
-        &mut self,
-        instance: Instance,
-        ty: TypeFutureTableIndex,
-        options: OptionsIndex,
-        future: u32,
-        address: u32,
-    ) -> Result<u32> {
-        instance
-            .guest_write(
-                StoreContextMut(self),
-                TransmitIndex::Future(ty),
-                options,
-                None,
-                future,
-                address,
-                1,
-            )
-            .map(|result| result.encode())
-    }
-
-    fn future_read(
-        &mut self,
-        instance: Instance,
-        ty: TypeFutureTableIndex,
-        options: OptionsIndex,
-        future: u32,
-        address: u32,
-    ) -> Result<u32> {
-        instance
-            .guest_read(
-                StoreContextMut(self),
-                TransmitIndex::Future(ty),
-                options,
-                None,
-                future,
-                address,
-                1,
-            )
-            .map(|result| result.encode())
-    }
-
-    fn stream_write(
-        &mut self,
-        instance: Instance,
-        ty: TypeStreamTableIndex,
-        options: OptionsIndex,
-        stream: u32,
-        address: u32,
-        count: u32,
-    ) -> Result<u32> {
-        instance
-            .guest_write(
-                StoreContextMut(self),
-                TransmitIndex::Stream(ty),
-                options,
-                None,
-                stream,
-                address,
-                count,
-            )
-            .map(|result| result.encode())
-    }
-
-    fn stream_read(
-        &mut self,
-        instance: Instance,
-        ty: TypeStreamTableIndex,
-        options: OptionsIndex,
-        stream: u32,
-        address: u32,
-        count: u32,
-    ) -> Result<u32> {
-        instance
-            .guest_read(
-                StoreContextMut(self),
-                TransmitIndex::Stream(ty),
-                options,
-                None,
-                stream,
-                address,
-                count,
-            )
-            .map(|result| result.encode())
-    }
-
-    fn future_drop_writable(
-        &mut self,
-        instance: Instance,
-        ty: TypeFutureTableIndex,
-        writer: u32,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        instance.guest_drop_writable(StoreContextMut(self), TransmitIndex::Future(ty), writer)
-    }
-
-    fn flat_stream_write(
-        &mut self,
-        instance: Instance,
-        ty: TypeStreamTableIndex,
-        options: OptionsIndex,
-        payload_size: u32,
-        payload_align: u32,
-        stream: u32,
-        address: u32,
-        count: u32,
-    ) -> Result<u32> {
-        instance
-            .guest_write(
-                StoreContextMut(self),
-                TransmitIndex::Stream(ty),
-                options,
-                Some(FlatAbi {
-                    size: payload_size,
-                    align: payload_align,
-                }),
-                stream,
-                address,
-                count,
-            )
-            .map(|result| result.encode())
-    }
-
-    fn flat_stream_read(
-        &mut self,
-        instance: Instance,
-        ty: TypeStreamTableIndex,
-        options: OptionsIndex,
-        payload_size: u32,
-        payload_align: u32,
-        stream: u32,
-        address: u32,
-        count: u32,
-    ) -> Result<u32> {
-        instance
-            .guest_read(
-                StoreContextMut(self),
-                TransmitIndex::Stream(ty),
-                options,
-                Some(FlatAbi {
-                    size: payload_size,
-                    align: payload_align,
-                }),
-                stream,
-                address,
-                count,
-            )
-            .map(|result| result.encode())
-    }
-
-    fn stream_drop_writable(
-        &mut self,
-        instance: Instance,
-        ty: TypeStreamTableIndex,
-        writer: u32,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        instance.guest_drop_writable(StoreContextMut(self), TransmitIndex::Stream(ty), writer)
-    }
-
-    fn error_context_debug_message(
-        &mut self,
-        instance: Instance,
-        ty: TypeComponentLocalErrorContextTableIndex,
-        options: OptionsIndex,
-        err_ctx_handle: u32,
-        debug_msg_address: u32,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        instance.error_context_debug_message(
-            StoreContextMut(self),
-            ty,
-            options,
-            err_ctx_handle,
-            debug_msg_address,
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-type HostTaskFuture = Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<()>> + Send + 'static>>;
-
-/// Represents the state of a pending host task.
-struct HostTask {
-    common: WaitableCommon,
-    caller_instance: RuntimeComponentInstanceIndex,
-    join_handle: Option<JoinHandle>,
-}
-
-impl HostTask {
-    fn new(
-        caller_instance: RuntimeComponentInstanceIndex,
-        join_handle: Option<JoinHandle>,
-    ) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            common: WaitableCommon::default(),
-            caller_instance,
-            join_handle,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl TableDebug for HostTask {
-    fn type_name() -> &'static str {
-        "HostTask"
-    }
-}
-
-type CallbackFn = Box<
-    dyn Fn(&mut dyn VMStore, Instance, RuntimeComponentInstanceIndex, Event, u32) -> Result<u32>
-        + Send
-        + Sync
-        + 'static,
->;
-
-/// Represents the caller of a given guest task.
-enum Caller {
-    /// The host called the guest task.
-    Host {
-        /// If present, may be used to deliver the result.
-        tx: Option<oneshot::Sender<LiftedResult>>,
-        /// Channel to notify once all subtasks spawned by this caller have
-        /// completed.
-        ///
-        /// Note that we'll never actually send anything to this channel;
-        /// dropping it when the refcount goes to zero is sufficient to notify
-        /// the receiver.
-        exit_tx: Arc<oneshot::Sender<()>>,
-        /// If true, remove the task from the concurrent state that owns it
-        /// automatically after it completes.
-        remove_task_automatically: bool,
-        /// If true, call `post-return` function (if any) automatically.
-        call_post_return_automatically: bool,
-    },
-    /// Another guest task called the guest task
-    Guest {
-        /// The id of the caller
-        task: TableId<GuestTask>,
-        /// The instance to use to enforce reentrance rules.
-        ///
-        /// Note that this might not be the same as the instance the caller task
-        /// started executing in given that one or more synchronous guest->guest
-        /// calls may have occurred involving multiple instances.
-        instance: RuntimeComponentInstanceIndex,
-    },
-}
-
-/// Represents a closure and related canonical ABI parameters required to
-/// validate a `task.return` call at runtime and lift the result.
-struct LiftResult {
-    lift: RawLift,
-    ty: TypeTupleIndex,
-    memory: Option<SendSyncPtr<VMMemoryDefinition>>,
-    string_encoding: StringEncoding,
-}
-
-/// Represents a pending guest task.
-struct GuestTask {
-    /// See `WaitableCommon`
-    common: WaitableCommon,
-    /// Closure to lower the parameters passed to this task.
-    lower_params: Option<RawLower>,
-    /// See `LiftResult`
-    lift_result: Option<LiftResult>,
-    /// A place to stash the type-erased lifted result if it can't be delivered
-    /// immediately.
-    result: Option<LiftedResult>,
-    /// Closure to call the callback function for an async-lifted export, if
-    /// provided.
-    callback: Option<CallbackFn>,
-    /// See `Caller`
-    caller: Caller,
-    /// A place to stash the call context for managing resource borrows while
-    /// switching between guest tasks.
-    call_context: Option<CallContext>,
-    /// A place to stash the lowered result for a sync-to-async call until it
-    /// can be returned to the caller.
-    sync_result: Option<Option<ValRaw>>,
-    /// Whether or not the task has been cancelled (i.e. whether the task is
-    /// permitted to call `task.cancel`).
-    cancel_sent: bool,
-    /// Whether or not we've sent a `Status::Starting` event to any current or
-    /// future waiters for this waitable.
-    starting_sent: bool,
-    /// Context-local state used to implement the `context.{get,set}`
-    /// intrinsics.
-    context: [u32; 2],
-    /// Pending guest subtasks created by this task (directly or indirectly).
-    ///
-    /// This is used to re-parent subtasks which are still running when their
-    /// parent task is disposed.
-    subtasks: HashSet<TableId<GuestTask>>,
-    /// Scratch waitable set used to watch subtasks during synchronous calls.
-    sync_call_set: TableId<WaitableSet>,
-    /// The instance to which the exported function for this guest task belongs.
-    ///
-    /// Note that the task may do a sync->sync call via a fused adapter which
-    /// results in that task executing code in a different instance, and it may
-    /// call host functions and intrinsics from that other instance.
-    instance: RuntimeComponentInstanceIndex,
-    /// If present, a pending `Event::None` or `Event::Cancelled` to be
-    /// delivered to this task.
-    event: Option<Event>,
-    /// If present, indicates that the task is currently waiting on the
-    /// specified set but may be cancelled and woken immediately.
-    wake_on_cancel: Option<TableId<WaitableSet>>,
-    /// The `ExportIndex` of the guest function being called, if known.
-    function_index: Option<ExportIndex>,
-    /// Whether or not the task has exited.
-    exited: bool,
-}
-
-impl GuestTask {
-    fn new(
-        state: &mut ConcurrentState,
-        lower_params: RawLower,
-        lift_result: LiftResult,
-        caller: Caller,
-        callback: Option<CallbackFn>,
-        component_instance: RuntimeComponentInstanceIndex,
-    ) -> Result<Self> {
-        let sync_call_set = state.push(WaitableSet::default())?;
-
-        Ok(Self {
-            common: WaitableCommon::default(),
-            lower_params: Some(lower_params),
-            lift_result: Some(lift_result),
-            result: None,
-            callback,
-            caller,
-            call_context: Some(CallContext::default()),
-            sync_result: None,
-            cancel_sent: false,
-            starting_sent: false,
-            context: [0u32; 2],
-            subtasks: HashSet::new(),
-            sync_call_set,
-            instance: component_instance,
-            event: None,
-            wake_on_cancel: None,
-            function_index: None,
-            exited: false,
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Dispose of this guest task, reparenting any pending subtasks to the
-    /// caller.
-    fn dispose(self, state: &mut ConcurrentState, me: TableId<GuestTask>) -> Result<()> {
-        // If there are not-yet-delivered completion events for subtasks in
-        // `self.sync_call_set`, recursively dispose of those subtasks as well.
-        for waitable in mem::take(&mut state.get_mut(self.sync_call_set)?.ready) {
-            if let Some(Event::Subtask {
-                status: Status::Returned | Status::ReturnCancelled,
-            }) = waitable.common(state)?.event
-            {
-                waitable.delete_from(state)?;
-            }
-        }
-
-        state.delete(self.sync_call_set)?;
-
-        // Reparent any pending subtasks to the caller.
-        match &self.caller {
-            Caller::Guest {
-                task,
-                instance: runtime_instance,
-            } => {
-                let task_mut = state.get_mut(*task)?;
-                let present = task_mut.subtasks.remove(&me);
-                assert!(present);
-
-                for subtask in &self.subtasks {
-                    task_mut.subtasks.insert(*subtask);
-                }
-
-                for subtask in &self.subtasks {
-                    state.get_mut(*subtask)?.caller = Caller::Guest {
-                        task: *task,
-                        instance: *runtime_instance,
-                    };
-                }
-            }
-            Caller::Host { exit_tx, .. } => {
-                for subtask in &self.subtasks {
-                    state.get_mut(*subtask)?.caller = Caller::Host {
-                        tx: None,
-                        // Clone `exit_tx` to ensure that it is only dropped
-                        // once all transitive subtasks of the host call have
-                        // exited:
-                        exit_tx: exit_tx.clone(),
-                        remove_task_automatically: true,
-                        call_post_return_automatically: true,
-                    };
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn call_post_return_automatically(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(
-            self.caller,
-            Caller::Guest { .. }
-                | Caller::Host {
-                    call_post_return_automatically: true,
-                    ..
-                }
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-impl TableDebug for GuestTask {
-    fn type_name() -> &'static str {
-        "GuestTask"
-    }
-}
-
-/// Represents state common to all kinds of waitables.
-#[derive(Default)]
-struct WaitableCommon {
-    /// The currently pending event for this waitable, if any.
-    event: Option<Event>,
-    /// The set to which this waitable belongs, if any.
-    set: Option<TableId<WaitableSet>>,
-    /// The handle with which the guest refers to this waitable, if any.
-    handle: Option<u32>,
-}
-
-/// Represents a Component Model Async `waitable`.
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Ord, PartialOrd, Eq, PartialEq)]
-enum Waitable {
-    /// A host task
-    Host(TableId<HostTask>),
-    /// A guest task
-    Guest(TableId<GuestTask>),
-    /// The read or write end of a stream or future
-    Transmit(TableId<TransmitHandle>),
-}
-
-impl Waitable {
-    /// Retrieve the `Waitable` corresponding to the specified guest-visible
-    /// handle.
-    fn from_instance(
-        state: Pin<&mut ComponentInstance>,
-        caller_instance: RuntimeComponentInstanceIndex,
-        waitable: u32,
-    ) -> Result<Self> {
-        use crate::runtime::vm::component::Waitable;
-
-        let (waitable, kind) = state.guest_tables().0[caller_instance].waitable_rep(waitable)?;
-
-        Ok(match kind {
-            Waitable::Subtask { is_host: true } => Self::Host(TableId::new(waitable)),
-            Waitable::Subtask { is_host: false } => Self::Guest(TableId::new(waitable)),
-            Waitable::Stream | Waitable::Future => Self::Transmit(TableId::new(waitable)),
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Retrieve the host-visible identifier for this `Waitable`.
-    fn rep(&self) -> u32 {
-        match self {
-            Self::Host(id) => id.rep(),
-            Self::Guest(id) => id.rep(),
-            Self::Transmit(id) => id.rep(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Move this `Waitable` to the specified set (when `set` is `Some(_)`) or
-    /// remove it from any set it may currently belong to (when `set` is
-    /// `None`).
-    fn join(&self, state: &mut ConcurrentState, set: Option<TableId<WaitableSet>>) -> Result<()> {
-        log::trace!("waitable {self:?} join set {set:?}",);
-
-        let old = mem::replace(&mut self.common(state)?.set, set);
-
-        if let Some(old) = old {
-            match *self {
-                Waitable::Host(id) => state.remove_child(id, old),
-                Waitable::Guest(id) => state.remove_child(id, old),
-                Waitable::Transmit(id) => state.remove_child(id, old),
-            }?;
-
-            state.get_mut(old)?.ready.remove(self);
-        }
-
-        if let Some(set) = set {
-            match *self {
-                Waitable::Host(id) => state.add_child(id, set),
-                Waitable::Guest(id) => state.add_child(id, set),
-                Waitable::Transmit(id) => state.add_child(id, set),
-            }?;
-
-            if self.common(state)?.event.is_some() {
-                self.mark_ready(state)?;
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Retrieve mutable access to the `WaitableCommon` for this `Waitable`.
-    fn common<'a>(&self, state: &'a mut ConcurrentState) -> Result<&'a mut WaitableCommon> {
-        Ok(match self {
-            Self::Host(id) => &mut state.get_mut(*id)?.common,
-            Self::Guest(id) => &mut state.get_mut(*id)?.common,
-            Self::Transmit(id) => &mut state.get_mut(*id)?.common,
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Set or clear the pending event for this waitable and either deliver it
-    /// to the first waiter, if any, or mark it as ready to be delivered to the
-    /// next waiter that arrives.
-    fn set_event(&self, state: &mut ConcurrentState, event: Option<Event>) -> Result<()> {
-        log::trace!("set event for {self:?}: {event:?}");
-        self.common(state)?.event = event;
-        self.mark_ready(state)
-    }
-
-    /// Take the pending event from this waitable, leaving `None` in its place.
-    fn take_event(&self, state: &mut ConcurrentState) -> Result<Option<Event>> {
-        let common = self.common(state)?;
-        let event = common.event.take();
-        if let Some(set) = self.common(state)?.set {
-            state.get_mut(set)?.ready.remove(self);
-        }
-        Ok(event)
-    }
-
-    /// Deliver the current event for this waitable to the first waiter, if any,
-    /// or else mark it as ready to be delivered to the next waiter that
-    /// arrives.
-    fn mark_ready(&self, state: &mut ConcurrentState) -> Result<()> {
-        if let Some(set) = self.common(state)?.set {
-            state.get_mut(set)?.ready.insert(*self);
-            if let Some((task, mode)) = state.get_mut(set)?.waiting.pop_first() {
-                let wake_on_cancel = state.get_mut(task)?.wake_on_cancel.take();
-                assert!(wake_on_cancel.is_none() || wake_on_cancel == Some(set));
-
-                let item = match mode {
-                    WaitMode::Fiber(fiber) => WorkItem::ResumeFiber(fiber),
-                    WaitMode::Callback => WorkItem::GuestCall(GuestCall {
-                        task,
-                        kind: GuestCallKind::DeliverEvent { set: Some(set) },
-                    }),
-                };
-                state.push_high_priority(item);
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Handle the imminent delivery of the specified event, e.g. by updating
-    /// the state of the stream or future.
-    fn on_delivery(&self, instance: Pin<&mut ComponentInstance>, event: Event) {
-        match event {
-            Event::FutureRead {
-                pending: Some((ty, handle)),
-                ..
-            }
-            | Event::FutureWrite {
-                pending: Some((ty, handle)),
-                ..
-            } => {
-                let runtime_instance = instance.component().types()[ty].instance;
-                let (rep, state) = instance.guest_tables().0[runtime_instance]
-                    .future_rep(ty, handle)
-                    .unwrap();
-                assert_eq!(rep, self.rep());
-                assert_eq!(*state, TransmitLocalState::Busy);
-                *state = match event {
-                    Event::FutureRead { .. } => TransmitLocalState::Read { done: false },
-                    Event::FutureWrite { .. } => TransmitLocalState::Write { done: false },
-                    _ => unreachable!(),
-                };
-            }
-            Event::StreamRead {
-                pending: Some((ty, handle)),
-                code,
-            }
-            | Event::StreamWrite {
-                pending: Some((ty, handle)),
-                code,
-            } => {
-                let runtime_instance = instance.component().types()[ty].instance;
-                let (rep, state) = instance.guest_tables().0[runtime_instance]
-                    .stream_rep(ty, handle)
-                    .unwrap();
-                assert_eq!(rep, self.rep());
-                assert_eq!(*state, TransmitLocalState::Busy);
-                let done = matches!(code, ReturnCode::Dropped(_));
-                *state = match event {
-                    Event::StreamRead { .. } => TransmitLocalState::Read { done },
-                    Event::StreamWrite { .. } => TransmitLocalState::Write { done },
-                    _ => unreachable!(),
-                };
-            }
-            _ => {}
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Remove this waitable from the instance's rep table.
-    fn delete_from(&self, state: &mut ConcurrentState) -> Result<()> {
-        match self {
-            Self::Host(task) => {
-                log::trace!("delete host task {task:?}");
-                state.delete(*task)?;
-            }
-            Self::Guest(task) => {
-                log::trace!("delete guest task {task:?}");
-                state.delete(*task)?.dispose(state, *task)?;
-            }
-            Self::Transmit(task) => {
-                state.delete(*task)?;
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl fmt::Debug for Waitable {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-        match self {
-            Self::Host(id) => write!(f, "{id:?}"),
-            Self::Guest(id) => write!(f, "{id:?}"),
-            Self::Transmit(id) => write!(f, "{id:?}"),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Represents a Component Model Async `waitable-set`.
-#[derive(Default)]
-struct WaitableSet {
-    /// Which waitables in this set have pending events, if any.
-    ready: BTreeSet<Waitable>,
-    /// Which guest tasks are currently waiting on this set, if any.
-    waiting: BTreeMap<TableId<GuestTask>, WaitMode>,
-}
-
-impl TableDebug for WaitableSet {
-    fn type_name() -> &'static str {
-        "WaitableSet"
-    }
-}
-
-/// Type-erased closure to lower the parameters for a guest task.
-type RawLower = Box<
-    dyn FnOnce(&mut dyn VMStore, Instance, &mut [MaybeUninit<ValRaw>]) -> Result<()> + Send + Sync,
->;
-
-/// Type-erased closure to lift the result for a guest task.
-type RawLift = Box<
-    dyn FnOnce(&mut dyn VMStore, Instance, &[ValRaw]) -> Result<Box<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>
-        + Send
-        + Sync,
->;
-
-/// Type erased result of a guest task which may be downcast to the expected
-/// type by a host caller (or simply ignored in the case of a guest caller; see
-/// `DummyResult`).
-type LiftedResult = Box<dyn Any + Send + Sync>;
-
-/// Used to return a result from a `LiftFn` when the actual result has already
-/// been lowered to a guest task's stack and linear memory.
-struct DummyResult;
-
-/// Represents the state of a currently executing fiber which has been resumed
-/// via `self::poll_fn`.
-pub(crate) struct AsyncState {
-    /// The current instance being polled, if any, which is used to perform
-    /// checks to ensure that futures are always polled within the correct
-    /// instance.
-    current_instance: Option<ComponentInstanceId>,
-}
-
-impl Default for AsyncState {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            current_instance: None,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Represents the Component Model Async state of a (sub-)component instance.
-#[derive(Default)]
-struct InstanceState {
-    /// Whether backpressure is set for this instance (enabled if >0)
-    backpressure: u16,
-    /// Whether this instance can be entered
-    do_not_enter: bool,
-    /// Pending calls for this instance which require `Self::backpressure` to be
-    /// `true` and/or `Self::do_not_enter` to be false before they can proceed.
-    pending: BTreeMap<TableId<GuestTask>, GuestCallKind>,
-}
-
-/// Represents the Component Model Async state of a top-level component instance
-/// (i.e. a `super::ComponentInstance`).
-pub struct ConcurrentState {
-    /// The currently running guest task, if any.
-    guest_task: Option<TableId<GuestTask>>,
-    /// The set of pending host and background tasks, if any.
-    ///
-    /// See `ComponentInstance::poll_until` for where we temporarily take this
-    /// out, poll it, then put it back to avoid any mutable aliasing hazards.
-    futures: AlwaysMut<Option<FuturesUnordered<HostTaskFuture>>>,
-    /// The table of waitables, waitable sets, etc.
-    table: AlwaysMut<ResourceTable>,
-    /// Per (sub-)component instance states.
-    ///
-    /// See `InstanceState` for details and note that this map is lazily
-    /// populated as needed.
-    // TODO: this can and should be a `PrimaryMap`
-    instance_states: HashMap<RuntimeComponentInstanceIndex, InstanceState>,
-    /// The "high priority" work queue for this instance's event loop.
-    high_priority: Vec<WorkItem>,
-    /// The "high priority" work queue for this instance's event loop.
-    low_priority: Vec<WorkItem>,
-    /// A place to stash the reason a fiber is suspending so that the code which
-    /// resumed it will know under what conditions the fiber should be resumed
-    /// again.
-    suspend_reason: Option<SuspendReason>,
-    /// A cached fiber which is waiting for work to do.
-    ///
-    /// This helps us avoid creating a new fiber for each `GuestCall` work item.
-    worker: Option<StoreFiber<'static>>,
-    /// A place to stash the work item for which we're resuming a worker fiber.
-    worker_item: Option<WorkerItem>,
-
-    /// Reference counts for all component error contexts
-    ///
-    /// NOTE: it is possible the global ref count to be *greater* than the sum of
-    /// (sub)component ref counts as tracked by `error_context_tables`, for
-    /// example when the host holds one or more references to error contexts.
-    ///
-    /// The key of this primary map is often referred to as the "rep" (i.e. host-side
-    /// component-wide representation) of the index into concurrent state for a given
-    /// stored `ErrorContext`.
-    ///
-    /// Stated another way, `TypeComponentGlobalErrorContextTableIndex` is essentially the same
-    /// as a `TableId<ErrorContextState>`.
-    global_error_context_ref_counts:
-        BTreeMap<TypeComponentGlobalErrorContextTableIndex, GlobalErrorContextRefCount>,
-
-    /// Mirror of type information in `ComponentInstance`, placed here for
-    /// convenience at the cost of an extra `Arc` clone.
-    component: Component,
-}
-
-impl ConcurrentState {
-    pub(crate) fn new(component: &Component) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            guest_task: None,
-            table: AlwaysMut::new(ResourceTable::new()),
-            futures: AlwaysMut::new(Some(FuturesUnordered::new())),
-            instance_states: HashMap::new(),
-            high_priority: Vec::new(),
-            low_priority: Vec::new(),
-            suspend_reason: None,
-            worker: None,
-            worker_item: None,
-            global_error_context_ref_counts: BTreeMap::new(),
-            component: component.clone(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Take ownership of any fibers and futures owned by this object.
-    ///
-    /// This should be used when disposing of the `Store` containing this object
-    /// in order to gracefully resolve any and all fibers using
-    /// `StoreFiber::dispose`.  This is necessary to avoid possible
-    /// use-after-free bugs due to fibers which may still have access to the
-    /// `Store`.
-    ///
-    /// Additionally, the futures collected with this function should be dropped
-    /// within a `tls::set` call, which will ensure than any futures closing
-    /// over an `&Accessor` will have access to the store when dropped, allowing
-    /// e.g. `WithAccessor[AndValue]` instances to be disposed of without
-    /// panicking.
-    ///
-    /// Note that this will leave the object in an inconsistent and unusable
-    /// state, so it should only be used just prior to dropping it.
-    pub(crate) fn take_fibers_and_futures(
-        &mut self,
-        fibers: &mut Vec<StoreFiber<'static>>,
-        futures: &mut Vec<FuturesUnordered<HostTaskFuture>>,
-    ) {
-        for entry in self.table.get_mut().iter_mut() {
-            if let Some(set) = entry.downcast_mut::<WaitableSet>() {
-                for mode in mem::take(&mut set.waiting).into_values() {
-                    if let WaitMode::Fiber(fiber) = mode {
-                        fibers.push(fiber);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        if let Some(fiber) = self.worker.take() {
-            fibers.push(fiber);
-        }
-
-        let mut take_items = |list| {
-            for item in mem::take(list) {
-                match item {
-                    WorkItem::ResumeFiber(fiber) => {
-                        fibers.push(fiber);
-                    }
-                    WorkItem::PushFuture(future) => {
-                        self.futures
-                            .get_mut()
-                            .as_mut()
-                            .unwrap()
-                            .push(future.into_inner());
-                    }
-                    _ => {}
-                }
-            }
-        };
-
-        take_items(&mut self.high_priority);
-        take_items(&mut self.low_priority);
-
-        if let Some(them) = self.futures.get_mut().take() {
-            futures.push(them);
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn instance_state(&mut self, instance: RuntimeComponentInstanceIndex) -> &mut InstanceState {
-        self.instance_states.entry(instance).or_default()
-    }
-
-    fn push<V: Send + Sync + 'static>(
-        &mut self,
-        value: V,
-    ) -> Result<TableId<V>, ResourceTableError> {
-        self.table.get_mut().push(value).map(TableId::from)
-    }
-
-    fn get_mut<V: 'static>(&mut self, id: TableId<V>) -> Result<&mut V, ResourceTableError> {
-        self.table.get_mut().get_mut(&Resource::from(id))
-    }
-
-    pub fn add_child<T: 'static, U: 'static>(
-        &mut self,
-        child: TableId<T>,
-        parent: TableId<U>,
-    ) -> Result<(), ResourceTableError> {
-        self.table
-            .get_mut()
-            .add_child(Resource::from(child), Resource::from(parent))
-    }
-
-    pub fn remove_child<T: 'static, U: 'static>(
-        &mut self,
-        child: TableId<T>,
-        parent: TableId<U>,
-    ) -> Result<(), ResourceTableError> {
-        self.table
-            .get_mut()
-            .remove_child(Resource::from(child), Resource::from(parent))
-    }
-
-    fn delete<V: 'static>(&mut self, id: TableId<V>) -> Result<V, ResourceTableError> {
-        self.table.get_mut().delete(Resource::from(id))
-    }
-
-    fn push_future(&mut self, future: HostTaskFuture) {
-        // Note that we can't directly push to `ConcurrentState::futures` here
-        // since this may be called from a future that's being polled inside
-        // `Self::poll_until`, which temporarily removes the `FuturesUnordered`
-        // so it has exclusive access while polling it.  Therefore, we push a
-        // work item to the "high priority" queue, which will actually push to
-        // `ConcurrentState::futures` later.
-        self.push_high_priority(WorkItem::PushFuture(AlwaysMut::new(future)));
-    }
-
-    fn push_high_priority(&mut self, item: WorkItem) {
-        log::trace!("push high priority: {item:?}");
-        self.high_priority.push(item);
-    }
-
-    fn push_low_priority(&mut self, item: WorkItem) {
-        log::trace!("push low priority: {item:?}");
-        self.low_priority.push(item);
-    }
-
-    /// Determine whether the instance associated with the specified guest task
-    /// may be entered (i.e. is not already on the async call stack).
-    ///
-    /// This is an additional check on top of the "may_enter" instance flag;
-    /// it's needed because async-lifted exports with callback functions must
-    /// not call their own instances directly or indirectly, and due to the
-    /// "stackless" nature of callback-enabled guest tasks this may happen even
-    /// if there are no activation records on the stack (i.e. the "may_enter"
-    /// field is `true`) for that instance.
-    fn may_enter(&mut self, mut guest_task: TableId<GuestTask>) -> bool {
-        let guest_instance = self.get_mut(guest_task).unwrap().instance;
-
-        // Walk the task tree back to the root, looking for potential
-        // reentrance.
-        //
-        // TODO: This could be optimized by maintaining a per-`GuestTask` bitset
-        // such that each bit represents and instance which has been entered by
-        // that task or an ancestor of that task, in which case this would be a
-        // constant time check.
-        loop {
-            match &self.get_mut(guest_task).unwrap().caller {
-                Caller::Host { .. } => break true,
-                Caller::Guest { task, instance } => {
-                    if *instance == guest_instance {
-                        break false;
-                    } else {
-                        guest_task = *task;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Record that we're about to enter a (sub-)component instance which does
-    /// not support more than one concurrent, stackful activation, meaning it
-    /// cannot be entered again until the next call returns.
-    fn enter_instance(&mut self, instance: RuntimeComponentInstanceIndex) {
-        self.instance_state(instance).do_not_enter = true;
-    }
-
-    /// Record that we've exited a (sub-)component instance previously entered
-    /// with `Self::enter_instance` and then calls `Self::partition_pending`.
-    /// See the documentation for the latter for details.
-    fn exit_instance(&mut self, instance: RuntimeComponentInstanceIndex) -> Result<()> {
-        self.instance_state(instance).do_not_enter = false;
-        self.partition_pending(instance)
-    }
-
-    /// Iterate over `InstanceState::pending`, moving any ready items into the
-    /// "high priority" work item queue.
-    ///
-    /// See `GuestCall::is_ready` for details.
-    fn partition_pending(&mut self, instance: RuntimeComponentInstanceIndex) -> Result<()> {
-        for (task, kind) in mem::take(&mut self.instance_state(instance).pending).into_iter() {
-            let call = GuestCall { task, kind };
-            if call.is_ready(self)? {
-                self.push_high_priority(WorkItem::GuestCall(call));
-            } else {
-                self.instance_state(instance)
-                    .pending
-                    .insert(call.task, call.kind);
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Implements the `backpressure.{set,inc,dec}` intrinsics.
-    pub(crate) fn backpressure_modify(
-        &mut self,
-        caller_instance: RuntimeComponentInstanceIndex,
-        modify: impl FnOnce(u16) -> Option<u16>,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        let state = self.instance_state(caller_instance);
-        let old = state.backpressure;
-        let new = modify(old).ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("backpressure counter overflow"))?;
-        state.backpressure = new;
-
-        if old > 0 && new == 0 {
-            // Backpressure was previously enabled and is now disabled; move any
-            // newly-eligible guest calls to the "high priority" queue.
-            self.partition_pending(caller_instance)?;
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Implements the `context.get` intrinsic.
-    pub(crate) fn context_get(&mut self, slot: u32) -> Result<u32> {
-        let task = self.guest_task.unwrap();
-        let val = self.get_mut(task)?.context[usize::try_from(slot).unwrap()];
-        log::trace!("context_get {task:?} slot {slot} val {val:#x}");
-        Ok(val)
-    }
-
-    /// Implements the `context.set` intrinsic.
-    pub(crate) fn context_set(&mut self, slot: u32, val: u32) -> Result<()> {
-        let task = self.guest_task.unwrap();
-        log::trace!("context_set {task:?} slot {slot} val {val:#x}");
-        self.get_mut(task)?.context[usize::try_from(slot).unwrap()] = val;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn options(&self, options: OptionsIndex) -> &CanonicalOptions {
-        &self.component.env_component().options[options]
-    }
-}
-
-/// Provide a type hint to compiler about the shape of a parameter lower
-/// closure.
-fn for_any_lower<
-    F: FnOnce(&mut dyn VMStore, Instance, &mut [MaybeUninit<ValRaw>]) -> Result<()> + Send + Sync,
->(
-    fun: F,
-) -> F {
-    fun
-}
-
-/// Provide a type hint to compiler about the shape of a result lift closure.
-fn for_any_lift<
-    F: FnOnce(&mut dyn VMStore, Instance, &[ValRaw]) -> Result<Box<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>
-        + Send
-        + Sync,
->(
-    fun: F,
-) -> F {
-    fun
-}
-
-/// Wrap the specified future in a `poll_fn` which asserts that the future is
-/// only polled from the event loop of the specified `Instance`.
-///
-/// See `Instance::run_concurrent` for details.
-fn checked<F: Future + Send + 'static>(
-    instance: Instance,
-    fut: F,
-) -> impl Future<Output = F::Output> + Send + 'static {
-    async move {
-        let mut fut = pin!(fut);
-        future::poll_fn(move |cx| {
-            let message = "\
-                `Future`s which depend on asynchronous component tasks, streams, or \
-                futures to complete may only be polled from the event loop of the \
-                instance from which they originated.  Please use \
-                `Instance::{run_concurrent,spawn}` to poll or await them.\
-            ";
-            tls::try_get(|store| {
-                let matched = match store {
-                    tls::TryGet::Some(store) => {
-                        let a = store.concurrent_async_state_mut().current_instance;
-                        a == Some(instance.id().instance())
-                    }
-                    tls::TryGet::Taken | tls::TryGet::None => false,
-                };
-
-                if !matched {
-                    panic!("{message}")
-                }
-            });
-            fut.as_mut().poll(cx)
-        })
-        .await
-    }
-}
-
-/// Assert that `Instance::run_concurrent` has not been called from within an
-/// instance's event loop.
-fn check_recursive_run() {
-    tls::try_get(|store| {
-        if !matches!(store, tls::TryGet::None) {
-            panic!("Recursive `Instance::run_concurrent` calls not supported")
-        }
-    });
-}
-
-fn unpack_callback_code(code: u32) -> (u32, u32) {
-    (code & 0xF, code >> 4)
-}
-
-/// Helper struct for packaging parameters to be passed to
-/// `ComponentInstance::waitable_check` for calls to `waitable-set.wait` or
-/// `waitable-set.poll`.
-struct WaitableCheckParams {
-    set: TableId<WaitableSet>,
-    options: OptionsIndex,
-    payload: u32,
-}
-
-/// Helper enum for passing parameters to `ComponentInstance::waitable_check`.
-enum WaitableCheck {
-    Wait(WaitableCheckParams),
-    Poll(WaitableCheckParams),
-    Yield,
-}
-
-/// Represents a guest task called from the host, prepared using `prepare_call`.
-pub(crate) struct PreparedCall<R> {
-    /// The guest export to be called
-    handle: Func,
-    /// The guest task created by `prepare_call`
-    task: TableId<GuestTask>,
-    /// The number of lowered core Wasm parameters to pass to the call.
-    param_count: usize,
-    /// The `oneshot::Receiver` to which the result of the call will be
-    /// delivered when it is available.
-    rx: oneshot::Receiver<LiftedResult>,
-    /// The `oneshot::Receiver` which will resolve when the task -- and any
-    /// transitive subtasks -- have all exited.
-    exit_rx: oneshot::Receiver<()>,
-    _phantom: PhantomData<R>,
-}
-
-impl<R> PreparedCall<R> {
-    /// Get a copy of the `TaskId` for this `PreparedCall`.
-    pub(crate) fn task_id(&self) -> TaskId {
-        TaskId {
-            handle: self.handle,
-            task: self.task,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Represents a task created by `prepare_call`.
-pub(crate) struct TaskId {
-    handle: Func,
-    task: TableId<GuestTask>,
-}
-
-impl TaskId {
-    /// Remove the specified task from the concurrent state to which it belongs.
-    ///
-    /// This must be used with care to avoid use-after-delete or double-delete
-    /// bugs.  Specifically, it should only be called on tasks created with the
-    /// `remove_task_automatically` parameter to `prepare_call` set to `false`,
-    /// which tells the runtime that the caller is responsible for removing the
-    /// task from the state; otherwise, it will be removed automatically.  Also,
-    /// it should only be called once for a given task, and only after either
-    /// the task has completed or the instance has trapped.
-    pub(crate) fn remove<T>(&self, store: StoreContextMut<T>) -> Result<()> {
-        Waitable::Guest(self.task).delete_from(self.handle.instance().concurrent_state_mut(store.0))
-    }
-}
-
-/// Prepare a call to the specified exported Wasm function, providing functions
-/// for lowering the parameters and lifting the result.
-///
-/// To enqueue the returned `PreparedCall` in the `ComponentInstance`'s event
-/// loop, use `queue_call`.
-pub(crate) fn prepare_call<T, R>(
-    mut store: StoreContextMut<T>,
-    handle: Func,
-    param_count: usize,
-    remove_task_automatically: bool,
-    call_post_return_automatically: bool,
-    lower_params: impl FnOnce(Func, StoreContextMut<T>, &mut [MaybeUninit<ValRaw>]) -> Result<()>
-    + Send
-    + Sync
-    + 'static,
-    lift_result: impl FnOnce(Func, &mut StoreOpaque, &[ValRaw]) -> Result<Box<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>
-    + Send
-    + Sync
-    + 'static,
-) -> Result<PreparedCall<R>> {
-    let (options, _flags, ty, raw_options) = handle.abi_info(store.0);
-
-    let instance = handle.instance().id().get(store.0);
-    let task_return_type = instance.component().types()[ty].results;
-    let component_instance = raw_options.instance;
-    let callback = options.callback();
-    let memory = options.memory_raw().map(SendSyncPtr::new);
-    let string_encoding = options.string_encoding();
-    let token = StoreToken::new(store.as_context_mut());
-    let state = handle.instance().concurrent_state_mut(store.0);
-
-    assert!(state.guest_task.is_none());
-
-    let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
-    let (exit_tx, exit_rx) = oneshot::channel();
-
-    let mut task = GuestTask::new(
-        state,
-        Box::new(for_any_lower(move |store, instance, params| {
-            debug_assert!(instance.id() == handle.instance().id());
-            lower_params(handle, token.as_context_mut(store), params)
-        })),
-        LiftResult {
-            lift: Box::new(for_any_lift(move |store, instance, result| {
-                debug_assert!(instance.id() == handle.instance().id());
-                lift_result(handle, store, result)
-            })),
-            ty: task_return_type,
-            memory,
-            string_encoding,
-        },
-        Caller::Host {
-            tx: Some(tx),
-            exit_tx: Arc::new(exit_tx),
-            remove_task_automatically,
-            call_post_return_automatically,
-        },
-        callback.map(|callback| {
-            let callback = SendSyncPtr::new(callback);
-            Box::new(
-                move |store: &mut dyn VMStore,
-                      instance: Instance,
-                      runtime_instance,
-                      event,
-                      handle| {
-                    let store = token.as_context_mut(store);
-                    // SAFETY: Per the contract of `prepare_call`, the callback
-                    // will remain valid at least as long is this task exists.
-                    unsafe {
-                        instance.call_callback(
-                            store,
-                            runtime_instance,
-                            callback,
-                            event,
-                            handle,
-                            call_post_return_automatically,
-                        )
-                    }
-                },
-            ) as CallbackFn
-        }),
-        component_instance,
-    )?;
-    task.function_index = Some(handle.index());
-
-    let task = state.push(task)?;
-
-    Ok(PreparedCall {
-        handle,
-        task,
-        param_count,
-        rx,
-        exit_rx,
-        _phantom: PhantomData,
-    })
-}
-
-/// Queue a call previously prepared using `prepare_call` to be run as part of
-/// the associated `ComponentInstance`'s event loop.
-///
-/// The returned future will resolve to the result once it is available, but
-/// must only be polled via the instance's event loop. See
-/// `Instance::run_concurrent` for details.
-pub(crate) fn queue_call<T: 'static, R: Send + 'static>(
-    mut store: StoreContextMut<T>,
-    prepared: PreparedCall<R>,
-) -> Result<impl Future<Output = Result<(R, oneshot::Receiver<()>)>> + Send + 'static + use<T, R>> {
-    let PreparedCall {
-        handle,
-        task,
-        param_count,
-        rx,
-        exit_rx,
-        ..
-    } = prepared;
-
-    queue_call0(store.as_context_mut(), handle, task, param_count)?;
-
-    Ok(checked(
-        handle.instance(),
-        rx.map(move |result| {
-            result
-                .map(|v| (*v.downcast().unwrap(), exit_rx))
-                .map_err(anyhow::Error::from)
-        }),
-    ))
-}
-
-/// Queue a call previously prepared using `prepare_call` to be run as part of
-/// the associated `ComponentInstance`'s event loop.
-fn queue_call0<T: 'static>(
-    store: StoreContextMut<T>,
-    handle: Func,
-    guest_task: TableId<GuestTask>,
-    param_count: usize,
-) -> Result<()> {
-    let (options, flags, _ty, raw_options) = handle.abi_info(store.0);
-    let is_concurrent = raw_options.async_;
-    let instance = handle.instance();
-    let callee = handle.lifted_core_func(store.0);
-    let callback = options.callback();
-    let post_return = handle.post_return_core_func(store.0);
-
-    log::trace!("queueing call {guest_task:?}");
-
-    let instance_flags = if callback.is_none() {
-        None
-    } else {
-        Some(flags)
-    };
-
-    // SAFETY: `callee`, `callback`, and `post_return` are valid pointers
-    // (with signatures appropriate for this call) and will remain valid as
-    // long as this instance is valid.
-    unsafe {
-        instance.queue_call(
-            store,
-            guest_task,
-            SendSyncPtr::new(callee),
-            param_count,
-            1,
-            instance_flags,
-            is_concurrent,
-            callback.map(SendSyncPtr::new),
-            post_return.map(SendSyncPtr::new),
-        )
-    }
-}