vehicles 0.6.1 → 0.8.0

data/data/plates/us-pr.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,507 @@
+# plates/us-pr.yml — Puerto Rico (PRD-PLATES gate L2, territories group).
+#
+# WHY PUERTO RICO IS THE BEST-SOURCED TERRITORY IN THIS GROUP: its plate law is
+# a single consolidated statute — Ley Núm. 22 de 7 de enero de 2000, "Ley de
+# Vehículos y Tránsito de Puerto Rico" — served as a 210-page scan by the
+# Commonwealth's own Biblioteca Virtual (Oficina de Gerencia y Presupuesto).
+# Every format, display, class and specialty-program claim below cites an
+# ARTÍCULO of that law. The scan is image-only; it was OCR'd locally for this
+# pass, so Spanish diacritics in the quoted fragments are OCR-lossy and the
+# quotes are recorded as SUBSTANCE, not as verbatim transcription. That
+# limitation is stated once here and applies to every § quote in this file.
+#
+# THE DELEGATION TRAP, which is the single most important structural fact about
+# Puerto Rico plates: Art. 2.18 authorises the Secretary to fix "el diseño,
+# tamaño, colores, composición y otros detalles físicos de las tablillas, así
+# como la cantidad de tablillas que utilizarán los diferentes vehículos" BY
+# REGLAMENTO. So PR law fixes WHO issues, WHERE the plate goes and WHAT it
+# carries — and delegates every renderable property to a departmental
+# regulation that was NOT obtained in this pass. Design, size, colour and even
+# the NUMBER OF PLATES are therefore recorded as gaps, not guessed. This is the
+# same shape as Guam (16 GCA § 7120(c)) and it is the territory pattern.
+#
+# WHAT IS DELIBERATELY NOT HERE (PRD-PLATES §2.5): individual specialty DESIGNS.
+# `us-pr-specialty-index` indexes the SEVEN statutory programmes and nothing
+# more.
+jurisdiction: us-pr
+authority:
+  name: Departamento de Transportación y Obras Públicas (DTOP) — Directoría de Servicios al Conductor (DISCO/CESCO)
+  url: "https://www.dtop.pr.gov/"
+binding: vehicle
+statute_edition: >-
+  Ley Núm. 22 de 7 de enero de 2000, "Ley de Vehículos y Tránsito de Puerto
+  Rico", as served (210 pp, scanned) by bvirtual.ogp.pr.gov in this pass. The
+  served copy carries no amendment-currency statement, so the edition read is an
+  UPPER BOUND on nothing and a LOWER BOUND on everything: articles quoted here
+  are in the served text, and later amendments were not checked (recorded gap).
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# artwork_risk — required per jurisdiction by PRD-PLATES §4 / §7.1.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+artwork_risk:
+  posture: public-domain-favourable
+  basis: >-
+    Puerto Rico is the second-strongest public-domain posture found anywhere in
+    the US pass, after Florida — and it is the ONLY US territory that Wikimedia
+    Commons lists alongside the PD states. Commons' own summary row for the
+    United States reads: "Government = Federal, California, Florida, Georgia,
+    Massachusetts, PUERTO RICO: public domain / Other states: copyrighted", and
+    the tag {{PD-PRGov}} exists and is in active use for "media created by the
+    Commonwealth of Puerto Rico". The tag's cited basis is the US Copyright
+    Office's Compendium of US Copyright Office Practices (Third Edition),
+    Chapter 300.
+  caveat: >-
+    RECORDED HONESTLY RATHER THAN OVERSTATED. Commons itself flags the
+    limitation in terms: "Work of Organized Territories has less clear status;
+    the first link in this section shows strong evidence that Puerto Rico's
+    works are in the public domain, while the second link prevaricates." Puerto
+    Rico is an ORGANIZED territory, so it sits exactly in that contested space.
+    Treat the posture as favourable-but-contested, not as settled law, and note
+    that no PR statute or judicial decision on the point was located in this
+    pass (contrast Florida, where Microdecisions v. Skinner is squarely on
+    point).
+  edicts: >-
+    Independent of the above, EDICTS OF GOVERNMENT are public domain at every
+    level ({{PD-US-GovEdict}}), so Ley 22-2000 itself — the source of every
+    factual claim in this file — is unambiguously free to use. This is the
+    cleanest legal path for Puerto Rico and it is the one taken here.
+  emblem_rule: >-
+    PRD-PLATES §3's placeholder default applies to the FORT / GARITA graphic
+    reported on the current base and to any Commonwealth coat of arms. Seals and
+    coats of arms carry protection INDEPENDENT of copyright, and Commons notes
+    for Puerto Rico that "Flags and coats of arms seem to follow the same laws
+    as the US", citing Ley Núm. 70 de 2006 — which was NOT fetched in this pass.
+    Render `emblem: {present: true, rendered: placeholder}`.
+  photograph_caution: >-
+    Plate photographs on plateshack.com and worldlicenseplates.com carry no
+    licence statement at all and are treated as all-rights-reserved; none was
+    copied. Because our renders are generated from the statute, no photographic
+    obligation attaches.
+  sources:
+    - "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-PRGov  # the Puerto Rico PD tag exists and is in active use; its cited basis is the USCO Compendium (Third) ch. 300"
+    - "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Copyright_rules_by_territory/United_States  # the summary row listing Puerto Rico with CA/FL/GA/MA as public domain; AND the countervailing 'Organized Territories has less clear status' caveat quoted above; AND the flags/coats-of-arms note citing Ley Núm. 70 de 2006"
+    - "https://copyright.gov/comp3/chap300/ch300-copyrightable-authorship.pdf  # USCO Compendium (Third) ch. 300 — the authority {{PD-PRGov}} itself points to"
+    - "https://bvirtual.ogp.pr.gov/ogp/Bvirtual/leyesreferencia/PDF/2/0022-2000.pdf  # Ley 22-2000 itself — an edict of government, PD at every level"
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# The US standards chain. Recorded per PRD-PLATES §4. NOTHING here quotes SAE
+# J686, whose text is paywalled and unpinned (the standing rule).
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+us_standards:
+  no_federal_mandate: true
+  applies_to_territories: >-
+    AAMVA's standard is a voluntary recommendation to its member jurisdictions,
+    which include the US territories. NO EVIDENCE WAS FOUND that Puerto Rico has
+    adopted it, and Ley 22-2000 does not reference it. The geometry below is
+    recorded as the North American convention Puerto Rico is REPORTED to follow,
+    not as a Puerto Rico legal requirement.
+  aamva_edition_3:
+    dimensions_delegated: "AAMVA §3.1 delegates dimensions and bolt holes to SAE J686, whose own text is PAYWALLED and was NOT obtained. No J686 dimension is quoted anywhere in this file."
+    character_layout: "AAMVA §2.2: characters at least 2.5 in high, spaced at least 0.25 in apart, stroke weight 0.2-0.4 in, at least 1.25 in clear of top and bottom edges"
+    jurisdiction_name_layout: "AAMVA §2.1: jurisdiction name in the top centre between the bolt holes, at least 0.25 in above the plate number and 0.125 in from the top edge; jurisdiction characters 0.75-1.0 in"
+    replacement_cycle: "AAMVA §1.1 recommends a rolling or full replacement cycle not to exceed 7 to 10 years. Ley 22-2000 legislates NO replacement cycle at all — Puerto Rico plates renew annually (Art. 2.11) but the PLATE itself is not on a statutory replacement clock. Recorded as a real difference from Florida, which legislated 10 years."
+    source: "https://www.aamva.org/getmedia/646bcc8a-219b-47d8-b5cd-726240473163/License-Plate-Standard-Edition-3_September-2025-Update.pdf"
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Display rules. PUERTO RICO IS STATUTORILY REAR-ONLY — INCLUDING MOTORCYCLES —
+# and this is the single most valuable fact in the file, because the widely
+# repeated "rear plate only since 1976" claim is an enthusiast/encyclopedia
+# claim with no instrument behind it. Art. 2.18 states the rule in law.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+display_rules:
+  default: >-
+    ONE plate, REAR. Art. 2.18, second paragraph: "Las tablillas serán fijadas
+    horizontalmente y en forma visible en la PARTE POSTERIOR de todo vehículo de
+    motor o arrastre, INCLUYENDO MOTOCICLETAS". Note the two things the sentence
+    does that matter: it fixes the position (rear) and the orientation
+    (horizontal), and it sweeps motorcycles into the same rule rather than
+    carving them out — which is unusual, and means a PR motorcycle plate is not
+    display-distinct from a car plate.
+  illumination: >-
+    Art. 2.18: the plate "deberá quedar alumbrada de noche por una luz incolora
+    colocada para ese fin en el vehículo que permita distinguir su número de
+    permiso, aun cuando el vehículo se encuentre en movimiento" — a COLOURLESS
+    lamp, and legibility required while the vehicle is IN MOTION.
+  plate_count: >-
+    NOT FIXED BY STATUTE. Art. 2.18 delegates "la cantidad de tablillas que
+    utilizarán los diferentes vehículos" to the Secretary by reglamento. The
+    single-rear-plate practice is universally reported but its instrument is the
+    unobtained reglamento, not the law (recorded gap).
+  validation: >-
+    Puerto Rico validates on a WINDSHIELD STICKER (the "marbete"), not on a
+    plate decal — corroborated by dated photographs of PR windshield
+    registration stickers for 2022, 2023 and 2024 expirations. Art. 2.11 sets a
+    STAGGERED annual renewal keyed to the month of first registration, and
+    excludes Commonwealth and municipal vehicles from the staggered system.
+  ownership: >-
+    Art. 2.13: every permiso and tablilla the Secretary issues "se considerará
+    PROPIEDAD DEL DEPARTAMENTO", and must be returned within thirty (30) days
+    when the vehicle goes to permanent private-property use, is abandoned as
+    unserviceable, or is scrapped. The plate is state property, not the owner's.
+  sources:
+    - "https://bvirtual.ogp.pr.gov/ogp/Bvirtual/leyesreferencia/PDF/2/0022-2000.pdf  # Art. 2.18: rear-only including motorcycles, horizontal fixing, colourless illumination, and the delegation of design/size/colour/plate-count to reglamento; Art. 2.11: staggered annual renewal keyed to first-registration month, government/municipal exclusion, 30-day extension power; Art. 2.13: plates are Department property, 30-day return duty"
+    - "http://www.plateshack.com/y2k/Puerto_Rico/pry2k.html  # CORROBORATION ONLY (PRD-PLATES §4): dated photographs of PR WINDSHIELD registration stickers (Jan 2022, Jan 2023, Feb 2023, Jan 2024 expirations), which is how the marbete practice was confirmed against the statute's silence"
+
+series:
+
+  # =========================================================================
+  # THE STANDARD-ISSUE SERIES.
+  # =========================================================================
+  - id: us-pr-standard
+    class: standard
+    categories: [car, van, truck, bus, motorcycle, trailer]
+    period: { start: 2000 }
+    period_evidence: statutory-enactment-date-upper-bound
+    matching: strict
+    format:
+      pattern: "LLL 999"
+      regex: '\A[A-Z]{3} ?\d{3}\z'
+      regex_statutory: '\A[A-Z0-9](?: ?[A-Z0-9])*\z'
+      charset:
+        notes: >-
+          Art. 1.94 is the whole statutory constraint on the serial, and it is
+          remarkably thin: "Tablillas" significará la identificación individual
+          que como parte del permiso de un vehículo le expida el Secretario, "la
+          cual podrá contener NÚMEROS O LETRAS O COMBINACIÓN DE AMBOS". An
+          alphabet, and nothing else. NOTE WHAT IS ABSENT: Puerto Rico law fixes
+          NO MAXIMUM LENGTH. That is a genuine difference from Florida, whose
+          § 320.06(3)(a) caps the serial at seven characters, and it is why
+          `regex_statutory` here is unbounded rather than {0,6}. An unbounded
+          quantifier makes no width claim, which is the honest encoding of a
+          statute that makes none.
+      pattern_note: >-
+        `regex` encodes the CURRENT passenger arrangement — three letters, a
+        gap, three numerals. That arrangement is NOT in the statute; it is
+        reported by a Wikipedia locator and corroborated by dated plate
+        photographs, and it is recorded as `matching: strict` because it lies
+        INSIDE the statutory alphabet, never outside it (PRD-PLATES §2.7:
+        narrower is still strict). `regex_statutory` is the outer legal bound
+        from Art. 1.94 and is the honest matcher for a Puerto Rico plate of
+        unknown vintage.
+      progression: "sequential within the three-letter block; the specific block boundaries reported by locators (e.g. HEO/JVJ/KBV ranges) are NOT asserted here — see notes"
+    design:
+      plate: { w: 12, h: 6, unit: in, w_mm: 304.8, h_mm: 152.4 }
+      plate_dimension_note: >-
+        THE DIMENSION IS NOT IN PUERTO RICO LAW. Art. 2.18 delegates "tamaño" to
+        the Secretary's reglamento, which was not obtained. 12 x 6 in is the
+        North American convention Puerto Rico is reported to follow and is
+        recorded as REPORTED, not sourced. Note also that Puerto Rico offers an
+        optional NARROWER plate (see `us-pr-euro-optional`), which is direct
+        evidence that PR's size is a departmental choice rather than a fixed
+        legal fact.
+      background: { color: "#FFFFFF", finish: retroreflective, hex_basis: observed-secondary }
+      foreground: "#000000"
+      colour_note: >-
+        NEITHER COLOUR IS IN THE STATUTE — Art. 2.18 delegates "colores" to
+        reglamento in terms. The reflective-white ground with screened black
+        characters is `hex_basis: observed-secondary`, taken from a Wikipedia
+        locator description and corroborated by dated plate photographs. Treat
+        both hexes as unverified pending the DTOP reglamento.
+      legend_top: "PUERTO RICO"
+      legend_bottom_reported: "Isla del Encanto"
+      graphic: { present: true, rendered: placeholder, description: "fort / garita motif reported on the current base — locator-grade, NOT from any statutory drawing" }
+      emblem: { present: true, rendered: placeholder }
+      band: { side: none }
+      rear_differs: false
+    previous_base_reported:
+      note: >-
+        DELIBERATELY NOT MINTED AS A SERIES, per PRD-PLATES §4's rule that
+        Wikipedia is a LOCATOR and its era tables are not sourced years. The
+        locator reports a March 2023 changeover to the fort / "Isla del Encanto"
+        base from a 2007-2023 base, both in ABC 123. NO PRIMARY establishing
+        either boundary was obtained: DTOP publishes no plate-design instrument
+        that was reachable in this pass, and Ley 22-2000 is design-silent by
+        construction. Rather than mint a dated id on a folklore boundary and then
+        have to alias it (PRD-QUALITY I-5/I-6), the boundary is recorded here and
+        a dated series is added when a reglamento or DTOP order lands.
+      reported_boundaries: ["1987-2007 ABC 123", "2007-2023 ABC 123", "2023-present ABC 123, fort graphic"]
+      evidence: locator-only
+    region_encoding: none
+    sources:
+      - "https://bvirtual.ogp.pr.gov/ogp/Bvirtual/leyesreferencia/PDF/2/0022-2000.pdf  # Art. 1.94: the serial alphabet ('números o letras o combinación de ambos') and the ABSENCE of any length cap; Art. 2.05: the register keys each vehicle by VIN plus 'aquel otro número que entienda apropiado el Secretario' and records the 'Identificación o tablilla concedida al vehículo'; Art. 2.17: the Secretary issues plates on registration, renewal, change of authorised use, and transfer where the acquirer holds no plate, and sets design/characteristics/issuance/renewal/use by reglamento against a $10 fee to the DISCO special account; Art. 2.18: content, delegation of design/size/colours, rear-only horizontal display including motorcycles, colourless illumination"
+      - "https://www.dtop.pr.gov/  # the issuing authority; DISCO/CESCO is the plate-issuing directorate named throughout Ley 22-2000"
+      - "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Puerto_Rico  # LOCATOR ONLY (PRD-PLATES §4): the ABC 123 arrangement, the reported March 2023 fort base, the reported serial blocks, and the 'rear plate only since 1976' claim. NONE of these is asserted as sourced here; the rear-only rule is instead cited to Art. 2.18, which states it in law and needs no folklore"
+      - "https://www.aamva.org/getmedia/646bcc8a-219b-47d8-b5cd-726240473163/License-Plate-Standard-Edition-3_September-2025-Update.pdf  # AAMVA Ed.3 geometry, recorded as voluntary recommendation with no evidence of PR adoption"
+    notes: >-
+      PUERTO RICO STANDARD ISSUE. THE ID IS DELIBERATELY UNDATED, for the same
+      reason us-fl-standard is: the statute is design-silent and no primary fixes
+      the base-design generations. PERIOD CAVEAT: `start: 2000` is the enactment
+      year of Ley 22-2000 and is an UPPER BOUND on the true start of the ABC 123
+      arrangement, which locators put at 1987. It is recorded as the instrument
+      date rather than invented, and the 1987 figure is left in the locator where
+      it belongs. THE BIG WIN IN THIS ENTRY is Art. 2.18: the famous "rear plate
+      only since 1976" line that every secondary source repeats is, in the
+      current law, a plain statutory rule that also sweeps in motorcycles — so
+      the dataset can assert rear-only for Puerto Rico from an edict of
+      government rather than from folklore.
+
+  - id: us-pr-euro-optional
+    class: standard
+    categories: [car, van]
+    period: { start: 2012 }
+    period_evidence: locator-reported
+    matching: strict
+    format:
+      pattern: "LLL 999"
+      regex: '\A[A-Z]{3} ?\d{3}\z'
+      regex_statutory: '\A[A-Z0-9](?: ?[A-Z0-9])*\z'
+      charset: { notes: "the serial is the ordinary Art. 1.94 serial on a differently-sized plate; no separate alphabet" }
+    design:
+      plate: { note: "LONGER AND NARROWER than the standard North American plate — the European proportion. No millimetre figure is sourced; DTOP's reglamento fixes size under Art. 2.18 and was not obtained." }
+      background: { finish: retroreflective }
+      shape: rectangular
+      emblem: { present: true, rendered: placeholder }
+    region_encoding: none
+    sources:
+      - "https://bvirtual.ogp.pr.gov/ogp/Bvirtual/leyesreferencia/PDF/2/0022-2000.pdf  # Art. 2.18 delegates 'tamaño' to the Secretary by reglamento — the legal room in which an alternative plate size can exist at all"
+      - "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Puerto_Rico  # LOCATOR: optional European-size plates purchasable since 2012, offered during discrete windows (2012-2013, 2020-2021, 2022-2023)"
+      - "http://www.plateshack.com/y2k/Puerto_Rico/pry2k.html  # CORROBORATION: a photographed 'Puerto Rico Euro style plate seen in use March of 2022' — an independent attestation that the option is real and in circulation, which is why this is modelled at all"
+    notes: >-
+      THE OPTIONAL EUROPEAN-SIZE PLATE — kept as its own series because §2.3's
+      test is met on DESIGN (the plate geometry differs) while format and period
+      overlap the standard series, and because the US/world research dossier
+      singled this out as one of two North American cases that break the
+      "fixed-width alphanumeric on a 6x12 rectangle" assumption (Delaware's
+      variable-length numeric is the other). EVIDENCE GRADE IS LOW AND SAID SO:
+      `period_evidence: locator-reported`. The 2012 start and the on/off offer
+      windows come from a Wikipedia locator; the only independent confirmation is
+      a dated photograph. It is modelled rather than dropped because a parse API
+      that assumes one PR plate geometry will mis-render, and a flagged fact beats
+      a silent omission.
+
+  # =========================================================================
+  # CORE DISTINCT CLASSES. Puerto Rico serialises these separately in statute;
+  # NONE of their formats is fixed in law, because Art. 2.18 sends every
+  # physical property to a reglamento that was not obtained. Each therefore
+  # carries `matching: recall-only` and the statutory alphabet as its regex —
+  # which is the honest encoding of "we know this series exists and who issues
+  # it, and we do not know its grammar".
+  # =========================================================================
+  - id: us-pr-temporary
+    class: temporary
+    categories: [car, van, truck, bus, motorcycle, trailer]
+    period: { start: 2000 }
+    period_evidence: statutory-enactment-date
+    matching: recall-only
+    format:
+      pattern: "LLL 999"
+      regex: '\A[A-Z0-9](?: ?[A-Z0-9])*\z'
+      charset: { notes: "Art. 1.94's alphabet, unchanged. Art. 2.12 sends 'la expedición, características, duración y uso de los permisos provisionales y tablillas correspondientes' to a reglamento adopted with the Secretary of the Treasury, which was not obtained." }
+      pattern_note: >-
+        THE PATTERN IS ILLUSTRATIVE AND THE REGEX IS DELIBERATELY WIDE. The
+        pattern shows the printed shape of the base plate this series sits on;
+        the regex is the Art. 1.94 statutory bound. `matching: recall-only` is
+        the whole point — a match here is a shape hit, never a claim that the
+        string is a valid PR provisional plate.
+    design:
+      plate: { note: "not fixed by statute; Art. 2.12 delegates 'características' to reglamento" }
+      emblem: { present: false }
+    validity: >-
+      Art. 2.12: the provisional permit is valid for a term NOT EXCEEDING THIRTY
+      (30) DAYS from the date the vehicle was sold, must be carried in the vehicle
+      continuously, and the seller must mark the sale date in the space provided
+      and register the vehicle with the Department within those thirty days. After
+      the term expires the vehicle may not use public roads until registered.
+    eligibility: >-
+      Art. 2.12: provisional permits go ONLY to new or used motor vehicles or
+      trailers imported or destined for sale that have NOT PREVIOUSLY BEEN
+      REGISTERED IN PUERTO RICO, sold by persons in the business of selling
+      vehicles. A separate route exists for vehicles bought by a Public Service
+      Commission concessionaire for public service, where the Commission's
+      substitution authorisation itself serves as the provisional permit until the
+      Department finalises the substitution.
+    region_encoding: none
+    sources:
+      - "https://bvirtual.ogp.pr.gov/ogp/Bvirtual/leyesreferencia/PDF/2/0022-2000.pdf  # Art. 2.12: the 30-day provisional permit and its accompanying tablillas, the sale-date marking duty, the importer/dealer-only eligibility, the Public Service Commission route, and the delegation of characteristics/duration/use to a reglamento adopted jointly with the Secretary of the Treasury"
+    notes: >-
+      PROVISIONAL PLATES. The statute is unusually precise about VALIDITY (thirty
+      days, running from the sale date, not from issuance) and unusually silent
+      about everything a renderer needs. That asymmetry — hard legal periods,
+      delegated physical properties — is the defining texture of Puerto Rico's
+      plate law and the reason this file carries so many recall-only series.
+
+  - id: us-pr-dealer
+    class: dealer
+    categories: [car, van, truck, bus, motorcycle, trailer]
+    period: { start: 2000 }
+    period_evidence: statutory-enactment-date
+    matching: recall-only
+    format:
+      pattern: "LLL 999"
+      regex: '\A[A-Z0-9](?: ?[A-Z0-9])*\z'
+      charset: { notes: "Art. 1.94's alphabet; no dealer-specific grammar is stated anywhere in Ley 22-2000" }
+      pattern_note: "illustrative pattern, statutory-bound regex — see us-pr-temporary's note; the same discipline applies"
+    design:
+      plate: { note: "not fixed by statute" }
+      emblem: { present: false }
+    binding: business
+    eligibility: >-
+      Art. 2.14: anyone selling motor vehicles or trailers at retail for profit
+      must obtain a "Licencia de Concesionario de Vehículos de Motor y
+      Arrastres". Art. 2.15 creates a SECOND, narrower licence — the
+      "concesionario especial" — for those who buy, rescue, salvage, repair,
+      rebuild and sell WRECKED vehicles in limited quantities, with the maximum
+      number of vehicles set by reglamento.
+    quota: >-
+      Art. 2.14(E): "El Secretario o su representante autorizado determinará la
+      CANTIDAD DE TABLILLAS ESPECIALES que asignará a todo concesionario" — the
+      dealer's plate allocation is discretionary and per-dealer, and the dealer
+      must keep an inspectable register of which vehicles carried which special
+      plate and over what dates.
+    penalty: "Art. 2.14(F): violation is a misdemeanour — up to six months' imprisonment, a fine up to $5,000, or both, at the court's discretion"
+    region_encoding: none
+    sources:
+      - "https://bvirtual.ogp.pr.gov/ogp/Bvirtual/leyesreferencia/PDF/2/0022-2000.pdf  # Art. 2.14(A) the dealer licence and its exclusion of Art. 2.15 special concessionaires; Art. 2.14(E) the per-dealer special-plate quota and the inspectable use register; Art. 2.14(F) the penalty; Art. 2.15 the special (salvage/rebuild) concessionaire licence"
+    notes: >-
+      DEALER PLATES. `binding: business` for the same reason as Germany's rote
+      Kennzeichen and Florida's dealer plate — the plate follows the licensed
+      concessionaire, not a vehicle. The genuinely distinctive Puerto Rico fact is
+      that the ALLOCATION IS DISCRETIONARY AND LOGGED: Art. 2.14(E) makes the
+      number of dealer plates a per-dealer administrative decision and requires a
+      vehicle-by-vehicle, date-stamped use register open to Department and Police
+      inspection. Most US states issue dealer plates against a fee schedule; Puerto
+      Rico issues them against a judgement about "el desempeño adecuado y
+      responsable" of the dealer.
+
+  - id: us-pr-antique
+    class: historic
+    categories: [car]
+    period: { start: 2000 }
+    period_evidence: statutory-enactment-date
+    matching: recall-only
+    format:
+      pattern: "LLL 999"
+      regex: '\A[A-Z0-9](?: ?[A-Z0-9])*\z'
+      charset: { notes: "Art. 2.26 states no serial grammar; design/characteristics go to reglamento" }
+      pattern_note: "illustrative pattern, statutory-bound regex — see us-pr-temporary's note"
+    design:
+      plate: { note: "not fixed by statute; Art. 2.26 delegates diseño y características to reglamento" }
+      emblem: { present: true, rendered: placeholder }
+    eligibility: >-
+      Art. 2.26: a special plate is issued on application to any motor vehicle
+      classifiable as an "automóvil antiguo", meaning any car "que haya sido
+      construido por lo menos CUARENTA (40) AÑOS ANTES DE LA FECHA DE EXPEDICIÓN
+      DE LA TABLILLA" — a ROLLING forty-year threshold measured against the
+      ISSUE DATE OF THE PLATE, not against the calendar year.
+    fee: "Art. 2.26: no fee beyond that fixed by law for private-use plates"
+    region_encoding: none
+    sources:
+      - "https://bvirtual.ogp.pr.gov/ogp/Bvirtual/leyesreferencia/PDF/2/0022-2000.pdf  # Art. 2.26: the rolling 40-year threshold measured from the plate's issue date, the no-extra-fee rule, and the delegation of design/characteristics/issuance/renewal/cancellation to reglamento"
+      - "http://www.plateshack.com/y2k/Puerto_Rico/pry2k.html  # CORROBORATION ONLY: photographs captioned 'Puerto Rico antique vehicle type plates (Current type on right)' — independent evidence that at least two antique designs have been in issue, which the statute does not record"
+    notes: >-
+      ANTIQUE PLATES. Puerto Rico sets a ROLLING threshold (40 years), the same
+      design choice as Florida's Antique series (30 years) and the opposite of
+      Florida's Horseless Carriage (fixed model year 1945). But PR does something
+      neither Florida series does: it measures the age against THE DATE THE PLATE
+      IS ISSUED rather than against the current year, which makes eligibility a
+      property of the transaction rather than of the calendar — a distinction that
+      matters to any consumer computing eligibility, and one that only appears if
+      you read the statute rather than a brochure.
+
+  - id: us-pr-personalized
+    class: personalized
+    categories: [car, van, truck, motorcycle]
+    period: { start: 2000 }
+    period_evidence: statutory-enactment-date
+    matching: strict
+    format:
+      pattern: "LLLLLL"
+      regex: '\A[A-Z0-9]+\z'
+      charset:
+        notes: >-
+          Art. 2.32(a): each personalised plate carries "aquellas PALABRAS,
+          NÚMEROS O LETRAS que expresamente interese e indique la parte que la
+          solicita". NO LENGTH CAP IS STATED — hence the unbounded quantifier,
+          which makes no width claim. This is a real divergence from Florida,
+          whose § 320.06(3)(a) caps every plate at seven characters and therefore
+          caps its vanity plates too.
+      content_refusal: >-
+        Art. 2.32(a), and this is the part Florida's chapter does NOT have: the
+        Secretary "podrá, a su discreción, prohibir o restringir el uso de ciertas
+        palabras, dígitos, números, letras o combinaciones y cantidades de las
+        mismas, si entiende que éstas podrían provocar confusión, utilizarse para
+        propósitos ilícitos o de alguna manera afectar adversamente el bienestar
+        general o la sana convivencia". Puerto Rico legislates its vanity-plate
+        refusal criteria; Florida does not, and the Florida file records that as a
+        gap. Here it is a sourced fact.
+    design:
+      plate: { note: "not fixed by statute; Art. 2.32(c) delegates diseño, tamaño, colores y ubicación to reglamento" }
+      note: "Art. 2.32(c) requires the Secretary to arrange matters so that the personalised plate IS AT THE SAME TIME the official plate ('de tal forma que ésta sea a la vez la tablilla oficial') — it replaces rather than supplements"
+      emblem: { present: true, rendered: placeholder }
+    fee: "Art. 2.33: amounts for issuance and duplicates are set by reglamento; ALL revenue is deposited in a Special Fund dedicated to improving DISCO's services, facilities and mechanisation systems"
+    penalty: "Art. 2.32(f): displaying a personalised plate without authorisation is a misdemeanour, fine of $200-$500"
+    region_encoding: none
+    sources:
+      - "https://bvirtual.ogp.pr.gov/ogp/Bvirtual/leyesreferencia/PDF/2/0022-2000.pdf  # Art. 2.32(a) owner-chosen words/numbers/letters and the Secretary's statutory content-refusal discretion; (b) the index and control records; (c) the personalised plate IS the official plate, and the delegation of design/size/colours/location; (d) validity tied to the official plate's term; (f) the $200-$500 penalty; Art. 2.33 the fee-setting delegation and the DISCO Special Fund"
+    notes: >-
+      PERSONALISED PLATES. Modelled as its own series because the SERIAL SOURCE
+      differs — owner-chosen rather than department-assigned — which is a format
+      property, exactly as in Florida. TWO FINDINGS WORTH CARRYING FORWARD. First,
+      Puerto Rico legislates the CONTENT-REFUSAL CRITERIA that Florida leaves
+      unwritten, so where us-fl-personalized records a gap this entry records a
+      sourced rule. Second, PR states NO LENGTH CAP anywhere, so the regex is
+      unbounded; a consumer that assumed the US seven-character convention would be
+      imposing Florida's law on Puerto Rico.
+
+  # =========================================================================
+  # SPECIALTY — THE PROGRAM INDEX, per PRD-PLATES §2.5. Puerto Rico is the rare
+  # jurisdiction where the specialty catalogue is ITSELF STATUTORY: seven
+  # programmes, each with its own article. Count and citations only; no designs.
+  # =========================================================================
+  - id: us-pr-specialty-index
+    class: specialty
+    categories: [car, van, truck, motorcycle]
+    period: { start: 2000 }
+    period_evidence: statutory-enactment-date
+    matching: recall-only
+    format:
+      pattern: "LLL 999"
+      regex: '\A[A-Z0-9](?: ?[A-Z0-9])*\z'
+      charset: { notes: "specialty plates carry ordinary Art. 1.94 serials; several are DISTINTIVOS carried IN ADDITION to the official plate rather than in place of it — see the index" }
+      pattern_note: "illustrative pattern, statutory-bound regex — this is an INDEX entry, not a spec"
+    design:
+      plate: { note: "one design per statutory programme; the designs themselves are L4 scope (PRD-PLATES §2.5) and none is described here" }
+      emblem: { present: true, rendered: placeholder }
+    program_index:
+      count_statutory: 7
+      count_basis: >-
+        SEVEN PROGRAMMES ARE CREATED BY LEY 22-2000 ITSELF, one article each.
+        This is a count from an edict of government, not from a brochure or a
+        press office — which makes Puerto Rico's specialty index better-sourced
+        than most US states', where the count comes from an agency web page.
+      statutory_programs:
+        - "Art. 2.20 — ACTIVE GENERAL PRESS ('miembros de la prensa general activa'), accredited by the Department of State; also for news-agency vehicles assigned to an accredited member, which must be liveried; no extra fee beyond the private-use plate fee; $20 internal-revenue stamp to the DISCO fund; surrender on loss of accreditation; $200-$500 fine for unauthorised display"
+        - "Art. 2.26 — ANTIQUE AUTOMOBILES (specced separately as us-pr-antique because its eligibility rule is substantive)"
+        - "Art. 2.27 — CAREER AND HONORARY CONSULS: plates or distintivos issued IN ADDITION to the vehicle's official plate, usable only for the official plate's term, only on the consul's vehicle, non-transferable to consulate staff"
+        - "Art. 2.28 — RADIO AMATEURS: the plate 'llevará la codificación especial asignada' by the Federal Communications Commission, is fixed to the REAR, replaces the official plate, and the amateur must obtain FCC authorisation for a replacement if it is lost or stolen; internal-revenue stamp to the DISCO Special Fund"
+        - "Art. 2.29 — LEGISLATORS: issued on certification by the Senate or House, carried IN ADDITION to the official plates, internal-revenue stamp payable"
+        - "Art. 2.30 — MAYORS AND MUNICIPAL ASSEMBLY MEMBERS: issued on certification by the Comisión Estatal de Elecciones and after taking office, carried in addition to the official plates"
+        - "Art. 2.31 — FORMER PRISONER-OF-WAR VETERANS: uniquely, the special plate may be displayed at the REAR, in which case THE OFFICIAL PLATE MOVES TO THE FRONT — the only place in Ley 22-2000 where a Puerto Rico vehicle lawfully carries a front plate"
+      also_statutory_but_not_plates: "Art. 2.21-2.24 create REMOVABLE PLACARDS ('rótulos removibles') for disabled parking — deliberately excluded from this index because a placard is not a registration mark"
+      count_secondary: >-
+        DATED PHOTOGRAPHS ATTEST AT LEAST FOUR FURTHER PROGRAMMES not named in
+        the statute — Roberto Clemente and Roberto Clemente Anniversary,
+        Make-A-Wish Foundation, San Juan 500th Anniversary, Olympic Committee, and
+        a Veteran plate first issued around 2009. The statute-versus-practice
+        discrepancy is RECORDED, NOT AVERAGED (PRD-PLATES §5.3): either these rest
+        on later amendments to Ley 22-2000 that the served scan predates, or on
+        separate special acts, or on the Secretary's reglamento power. Resolving
+        which is a recorded gap and the highest-value next step for Puerto Rico.
+      official_list_url: "https://www.cesco.pr.gov/"
+      official_list_note: "CESCO is DTOP's driver-services portal and the natural home for an official specialty catalogue; NO machine-readable or enumerated specialty list was located on it in this pass (recorded gap)"
+    region_encoding: none
+    sources:
+      - "https://bvirtual.ogp.pr.gov/ogp/Bvirtual/leyesreferencia/PDF/2/0022-2000.pdf  # Arts. 2.20, 2.26, 2.27, 2.28, 2.29, 2.30, 2.31 — the seven statutory specialty programmes, their eligibility, fees, display rules and penalties; Art. 2.31(a) the front-plate inversion; Arts. 2.21-2.24 the disabled placards excluded from this index"
+      - "https://www.cesco.pr.gov/  # DTOP/CESCO driver-services portal — the official channel; no enumerated specialty catalogue found (gap)"
+      - "http://www.plateshack.com/y2k/Puerto_Rico/pry2k.html  # CORROBORATION + GAP-FINDER (PRD-PLATES §4): dated photographs of Roberto Clemente, Roberto Clemente Anniversary, Make-A-Wish, San Juan 500th Anniversary, Olympic Committee and Veteran plates, plus a trailer plate and a private-truck plate. This is how the statute-versus-practice discrepancy above was FOUND; no text or image was copied"
+    notes: >-
+      THE SPECIALTY PROGRAM INDEX — one entry standing for the whole programme,
+      which is what PRD-PLATES §2.5 asks for at this gate. Two things worth
+      carrying forward. First, PUERTO RICO'S SPECIALTY CATALOGUE IS AN EDICT: seven
+      programmes, seven articles, all public domain and all citable per claim —
+      a materially better provenance than the agency-webpage counts most US states
+      offer, and worth saying so on the encyclopedia page. Second, THE COUNT IS
+      CONTESTED IN THE MOST INFORMATIVE WAY POSSIBLE: photographs prove programmes
+      the served statute does not create, which means the served scan is either
+      not current or not exhaustive. That is a finding about the SOURCE, not just
+      about the data, and it is recorded rather than smoothed over.