swe4r 0.0.0

data/ext/swe4r/swephlib.c

@@ -0,0 +1,2581 @@
+
+/* SWISSEPH
+   $Header: /home/dieter/sweph/RCS/swephlib.c,v 1.75 2009/11/27 11:00:57 dieter Exp $
+
+   SWISSEPH modules that may be useful for other applications
+   e.g. chopt.c, venus.c, swetest.c
+
+  Authors: Dieter Koch and Alois Treindl, Astrodienst Zurich
+
+   coordinate transformations
+   obliquity of ecliptic
+   nutation
+   precession
+   delta t
+   sidereal time
+   setting or getting of tidal acceleration of moon
+   chebyshew interpolation
+   ephemeris file name generation
+   cyclic redundancy checksum CRC
+   modulo and normalization functions
+
+**************************************************************/
+/* Copyright (C) 1997 - 2008 Astrodienst AG, Switzerland.  All rights reserved.
+  
+  License conditions
+  ------------------
+
+  This file is part of Swiss Ephemeris.
+
+  Swiss Ephemeris is distributed with NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND.  No author
+  or distributor accepts any responsibility for the consequences of using it,
+  or for whether it serves any particular purpose or works at all, unless he
+  or she says so in writing.  
+
+  Swiss Ephemeris is made available by its authors under a dual licensing
+  system. The software developer, who uses any part of Swiss Ephemeris
+  in his or her software, must choose between one of the two license models,
+  which are
+  a) GNU public license version 2 or later
+  b) Swiss Ephemeris Professional License
+
+  The choice must be made before the software developer distributes software
+  containing parts of Swiss Ephemeris to others, and before any public
+  service using the developed software is activated.
+
+  If the developer choses the GNU GPL software license, he or she must fulfill
+  the conditions of that license, which includes the obligation to place his
+  or her whole software project under the GNU GPL or a compatible license.
+  See http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0.html
+
+  If the developer choses the Swiss Ephemeris Professional license,
+  he must follow the instructions as found in http://www.astro.com/swisseph/ 
+  and purchase the Swiss Ephemeris Professional Edition from Astrodienst
+  and sign the corresponding license contract.
+
+  The License grants you the right to use, copy, modify and redistribute
+  Swiss Ephemeris, but only under certain conditions described in the License.
+  Among other things, the License requires that the copyright notices and
+  this notice be preserved on all copies.
+
+  Authors of the Swiss Ephemeris: Dieter Koch and Alois Treindl
+
+  The authors of Swiss Ephemeris have no control or influence over any of
+  the derived works, i.e. over software or services created by other
+  programmers which use Swiss Ephemeris functions.
+
+  The names of the authors or of the copyright holder (Astrodienst) must not
+  be used for promoting any software, product or service which uses or contains
+  the Swiss Ephemeris. This copyright notice is the ONLY place where the
+  names of the authors can legally appear, except in cases where they have
+  given special permission in writing.
+
+  The trademarks 'Swiss Ephemeris' and 'Swiss Ephemeris inside' may be used
+  for promoting such software, products or services.
+*/
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include "swephexp.h"
+#include "sweph.h"
+#include "swephlib.h"
+#if MSDOS
+# include <process.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef TRACE
+void swi_open_trace(char *serr);
+FILE *swi_fp_trace_c = NULL;
+FILE *swi_fp_trace_out = NULL;
+int32 swi_trace_count = 0;
+#endif
+
+static double tid_acc = SE_TIDAL_DEFAULT;
+static AS_BOOL init_dt_done = FALSE;
+static void init_crc32(void);
+static int init_dt(void);
+static double adjust_for_tidacc(double ans, double Y);
+static double deltat_espenak_meeus_1620(double tjd);
+static double deltat_longterm_morrison_stephenson(double tjd);
+static double deltat_stephenson_morrison_1600(double tjd);
+static double deltat_aa(double tjd);
+
+/* Reduce x modulo 360 degrees
+ */
+double FAR PASCAL_CONV swe_degnorm(double x)
+{
+  double y;
+  y = fmod(x, 360.0);
+  if (fabs(y) < 1e-13) y = 0;	/* Alois fix 11-dec-1999 */
+  if( y < 0.0 ) y += 360.0;
+  return(y);
+}
+
+/* Reduce x modulo TWOPI degrees
+ */
+double FAR PASCAL_CONV swe_radnorm(double x)
+{
+  double y;
+  y = fmod(x, TWOPI);
+  if (fabs(y) < 1e-13) y = 0;	/* Alois fix 11-dec-1999 */
+  if( y < 0.0 ) y += TWOPI;
+  return(y);
+}
+
+double FAR PASCAL_CONV swe_deg_midp(double x1, double x0)
+{
+  double d, y;
+  d = swe_difdeg2n(x1, x0);	/* arc from x0 to x1 */
+  y = swe_degnorm(x0 + d / 2);
+  return(y);
+}
+
+double FAR PASCAL_CONV swe_rad_midp(double x1, double x0)
+{
+  return DEGTORAD * swe_deg_midp(x1 * RADTODEG, x0 * RADTODEG);
+}
+
+/* Reduce x modulo 2*PI
+ */
+double swi_mod2PI(double x)
+{
+  double y;
+  y = fmod(x, TWOPI);
+  if( y < 0.0 ) y += TWOPI;
+  return(y);
+}
+
+
+double swi_angnorm(double x)
+{
+  if (x < 0.0 )
+    return x + TWOPI;
+  else if (x >= TWOPI)
+    return x - TWOPI;
+  else
+    return x;
+}
+
+void swi_cross_prod(double *a, double *b, double *x)
+{
+  x[0] = a[1]*b[2] - a[2]*b[1];
+  x[1] = a[2]*b[0] - a[0]*b[2];
+  x[2] = a[0]*b[1] - a[1]*b[0];
+}
+
+/*  Evaluates a given chebyshev series coef[0..ncf-1] 
+ *  with ncf terms at x in [-1,1]. Communications of the ACM, algorithm 446,
+ *  April 1973 (vol. 16 no.4) by Dr. Roger Broucke. 
+ */
+double swi_echeb(double x, double *coef, int ncf)
+{
+  int j;
+  double x2, br, brp2, brpp;
+  x2 = x * 2.;
+  br = 0.;
+  brp2 = 0.;	/* dummy assign to silence gcc warning */
+  brpp = 0.;
+  for (j = ncf - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
+    brp2 = brpp;
+    brpp = br;
+    br = x2 * brpp - brp2 + coef[j];
+  }
+  return (br - brp2) * .5;
+}
+
+/*
+ * evaluates derivative of chebyshev series, see echeb
+ */
+double swi_edcheb(double x, double *coef, int ncf)
+{
+  double bjpl, xjpl;
+  int j;
+  double x2, bf, bj, dj, xj, bjp2, xjp2;
+  x2 = x * 2.;
+  bf = 0.;	/* dummy assign to silence gcc warning */
+  bj = 0.;	/* dummy assign to silence gcc warning */
+  xjp2 = 0.;
+  xjpl = 0.;
+  bjp2 = 0.;
+  bjpl = 0.;
+  for (j = ncf - 1; j >= 1; j--) {
+    dj = (double) (j + j);
+    xj = coef[j] * dj + xjp2;
+    bj = x2 * bjpl - bjp2 + xj;
+    bf = bjp2;
+    bjp2 = bjpl;
+    bjpl = bj;
+    xjp2 = xjpl;
+    xjpl = xj;
+  }
+  return (bj - bf) * .5;
+}
+
+/*
+ * conversion between ecliptical and equatorial polar coordinates.
+ * for users of SWISSEPH, not used by our routines.
+ * for ecl. to equ.  eps must be negative.
+ * for equ. to ecl.  eps must be positive.
+ * xpo, xpn are arrays of 3 doubles containing position.
+ * attention: input must be in degrees!
+ */
+void FAR PASCAL_CONV swe_cotrans(double *xpo, double *xpn, double eps)
+{
+  int i;
+  double x[6], e = eps * DEGTORAD;
+  for(i = 0; i <= 1; i++)
+    x[i] = xpo[i];
+  x[0] *= DEGTORAD;
+  x[1] *= DEGTORAD;
+  x[2] = 1;
+  for(i = 3; i <= 5; i++)
+    x[i] = 0;
+  swi_polcart(x, x);
+  swi_coortrf(x, x, e);
+  swi_cartpol(x, x);
+  xpn[0] = x[0] * RADTODEG;
+  xpn[1] = x[1] * RADTODEG;
+  xpn[2] = xpo[2];
+}
+
+/*
+ * conversion between ecliptical and equatorial polar coordinates
+ * with speed.
+ * for users of SWISSEPH, not used by our routines.
+ * for ecl. to equ.  eps must be negative.
+ * for equ. to ecl.  eps must be positive.
+ * xpo, xpn are arrays of 6 doubles containing position and speed.
+ * attention: input must be in degrees!
+ */
+void FAR PASCAL_CONV swe_cotrans_sp(double *xpo, double *xpn, double eps)
+{
+  int i;
+  double x[6], e = eps * DEGTORAD;
+  for (i = 0; i <= 5; i++)
+    x[i] = xpo[i];
+  x[0] *= DEGTORAD;
+  x[1] *= DEGTORAD;
+  x[2] = 1;	/* avoids problems with polcart(), if x[2] = 0 */
+  x[3] *= DEGTORAD;
+  x[4] *= DEGTORAD;
+  swi_polcart_sp(x, x);
+  swi_coortrf(x, x, e);
+  swi_coortrf(x+3, x+3, e);
+  swi_cartpol_sp(x, xpn);
+  xpn[0] *= RADTODEG;
+  xpn[1] *= RADTODEG;
+  xpn[2] = xpo[2];
+  xpn[3] *= RADTODEG;
+  xpn[4] *= RADTODEG;
+  xpn[5] = xpo[5];
+}
+
+/*
+ * conversion between ecliptical and equatorial cartesian coordinates
+ * for ecl. to equ.  eps must be negative
+ * for equ. to ecl.  eps must be positive
+ */
+void swi_coortrf(double *xpo, double *xpn, double eps) 
+{
+  double sineps, coseps;
+  double x[3];
+  sineps = sin(eps);
+  coseps = cos(eps);
+  x[0] = xpo[0];
+  x[1] = xpo[1] * coseps + xpo[2] * sineps;
+  x[2] = -xpo[1] * sineps + xpo[2] * coseps;
+  xpn[0] = x[0];
+  xpn[1] = x[1]; 
+  xpn[2] = x[2];
+}
+
+/*
+ * conversion between ecliptical and equatorial cartesian coordinates
+ * sineps            sin(eps)
+ * coseps            cos(eps)
+ * for ecl. to equ.  sineps must be -sin(eps)
+ */
+void swi_coortrf2(double *xpo, double *xpn, double sineps, double coseps) 
+{
+  double x[3];
+  x[0] = xpo[0];
+  x[1] = xpo[1] * coseps + xpo[2] * sineps;
+  x[2] = -xpo[1] * sineps + xpo[2] * coseps;
+  xpn[0] = x[0];
+  xpn[1] = x[1]; 
+  xpn[2] = x[2];
+}
+
+/* conversion of cartesian (x[3]) to polar coordinates (l[3]).
+ * x = l is allowed.
+ * if |x| = 0, then lon, lat and rad := 0.
+ */
+void swi_cartpol(double *x, double *l) 
+{
+  double rxy;
+  double ll[3];
+  if (x[0] == 0 && x[1] == 0 && x[2] == 0) {
+    l[0] = l[1] = l[2] = 0;
+    return;
+  }
+  rxy = x[0]*x[0] + x[1]*x[1];
+  ll[2] = sqrt(rxy + x[2]*x[2]);
+  rxy = sqrt(rxy);
+  ll[0] = atan2(x[1], x[0]);
+  if (ll[0] < 0.0) ll[0] += TWOPI;
+  ll[1] = atan(x[2] / rxy);
+  l[0] = ll[0];
+  l[1] = ll[1];
+  l[2] = ll[2];
+}
+
+/* conversion from polar (l[3]) to cartesian coordinates (x[3]).
+ * x = l is allowed.
+ */
+void swi_polcart(double *l, double *x) 
+{
+  double xx[3];
+  double cosl1;
+  cosl1 = cos(l[1]);
+  xx[0] = l[2] * cosl1 * cos(l[0]);
+  xx[1] = l[2] * cosl1 * sin(l[0]);
+  xx[2] = l[2] * sin(l[1]);
+  x[0] = xx[0];
+  x[1] = xx[1];
+  x[2] = xx[2];
+}
+
+/* conversion of position and speed. 
+ * from cartesian (x[6]) to polar coordinates (l[6]). 
+ * x = l is allowed.
+ * if position is 0, function returns direction of 
+ * motion.
+ */
+void swi_cartpol_sp(double *x, double *l)
+{
+  double xx[6], ll[6];
+  double rxy, coslon, sinlon, coslat, sinlat;
+  /* zero position */
+  if (x[0] == 0 && x[1] == 0 && x[2] == 0) {
+    l[0] = l[1] = l[3] = l[4] = 0;
+    l[5] = sqrt(square_sum((x+3)));
+    swi_cartpol(x+3, l);
+    l[2] = 0;
+    return;
+  }
+  /* zero speed */
+  if (x[3] == 0 && x[4] == 0 && x[5] == 0) {
+    l[3] = l[4] = l[5] = 0;
+    swi_cartpol(x, l);
+    return;
+  }
+  /* position */
+  rxy = x[0]*x[0] + x[1]*x[1];
+  ll[2] = sqrt(rxy + x[2]*x[2]);
+  rxy = sqrt(rxy);
+  ll[0] = atan2(x[1], x[0]);
+  if (ll[0] < 0.0) ll[0] += TWOPI;
+  ll[1] = atan(x[2] / rxy);
+  /* speed: 
+   * 1. rotate coordinate system by longitude of position about z-axis, 
+   *    so that new x-axis = position radius projected onto x-y-plane.
+   *    in the new coordinate system 
+   *    vy'/r = dlong/dt, where r = sqrt(x^2 +y^2).
+   * 2. rotate coordinate system by latitude about new y-axis.
+   *    vz"/r = dlat/dt, where r = position radius.
+   *    vx" = dr/dt
+   */
+  coslon = x[0] / rxy; 		/* cos(l[0]); */
+  sinlon = x[1] / rxy; 		/* sin(l[0]); */
+  coslat = rxy / ll[2];  	/* cos(l[1]); */
+  sinlat = x[2] / ll[2];	/* sin(ll[1]); */
+  xx[3] = x[3] * coslon + x[4] * sinlon;
+  xx[4] = -x[3] * sinlon + x[4] * coslon;
+  l[3] = xx[4] / rxy;  		/* speed in longitude */
+  xx[4] = -sinlat * xx[3] + coslat * x[5];
+  xx[5] =  coslat * xx[3] + sinlat * x[5];
+  l[4] = xx[4] / ll[2];  	/* speed in latitude */
+  l[5] = xx[5];  		/* speed in radius */
+  l[0] = ll[0];			/* return position */
+  l[1] = ll[1];
+  l[2] = ll[2];
+}
+
+/* conversion of position and speed 
+ * from polar (l[6]) to cartesian coordinates (x[6]) 
+ * x = l is allowed
+ * explanation s. swi_cartpol_sp()
+ */
+void swi_polcart_sp(double *l, double *x)
+{
+  double sinlon, coslon, sinlat, coslat;
+  double xx[6], rxy, rxyz;
+  /* zero speed */
+  if (l[3] == 0 && l[4] == 0 && l[5] == 0) {
+    x[3] = x[4] = x[5] = 0;
+    swi_polcart(l, x);
+    return;
+  }
+  /* position */
+  coslon = cos(l[0]);
+  sinlon = sin(l[0]);
+  coslat = cos(l[1]);
+  sinlat = sin(l[1]);
+  xx[0] = l[2] * coslat * coslon;
+  xx[1] = l[2] * coslat * sinlon;
+  xx[2] = l[2] * sinlat;
+  /* speed; explanation s. swi_cartpol_sp(), same method the other way round*/
+  rxyz = l[2];
+  rxy = sqrt(xx[0] * xx[0] + xx[1] * xx[1]);
+  xx[5] = l[5];
+  xx[4] = l[4] * rxyz;
+  x[5] = sinlat * xx[5] + coslat * xx[4];	/* speed z */
+  xx[3] = coslat * xx[5] - sinlat * xx[4];
+  xx[4] = l[3] * rxy;
+  x[3] = coslon * xx[3] - sinlon * xx[4];	/* speed x */
+  x[4] = sinlon * xx[3] + coslon * xx[4];	/* speed y */
+  x[0] = xx[0];					/* return position */
+  x[1] = xx[1];
+  x[2] = xx[2];
+}
+
+double swi_dot_prod_unit(double *x, double *y)
+{
+  double dop = x[0]*y[0]+x[1]*y[1]+x[2]*y[2];
+  double e1 = sqrt(x[0]*x[0]+x[1]*x[1]+x[2]*x[2]);
+  double e2 = sqrt(y[0]*y[0]+y[1]*y[1]+y[2]*y[2]);
+  dop /= e1;
+  dop /= e2;
+  if (dop > 1)
+    dop = 1;
+  if (dop < -1)
+    dop = -1;
+  return dop;
+}
+
+/* Obliquity of the ecliptic at Julian date J
+ *
+ * IAU Coefficients are from:
+ * J. H. Lieske, T. Lederle, W. Fricke, and B. Morando,
+ * "Expressions for the Precession Quantities Based upon the IAU
+ * (1976) System of Astronomical Constants,"  Astronomy and Astrophysics
+ * 58, 1-16 (1977).
+ *
+ * Before or after 200 years from J2000, the formula used is from:
+ * J. Laskar, "Secular terms of classical planetary theories
+ * using the results of general theory," Astronomy and Astrophysics
+ * 157, 59070 (1986).
+ *
+ * Bretagnon, P. et al.: 2003, "Expressions for Precession Consistent with 
+ * the IAU 2000A Model". A&A 400,785
+ *B03  	84381.4088  	-46.836051*t  	-1667*10-7*t2  	+199911*10-8*t3  	-523*10-9*t4  	-248*10-10*t5  	-3*10-11*t6
+ *C03   84381.406  	-46.836769*t  	-1831*10-7*t2  	+20034*10-7*t3  	-576*10-9*t4  	-434*10-10*t5
+ *
+ *  See precess and page B18 of the Astronomical Almanac.
+ */
+double swi_epsiln(double J) 
+{
+  double T, eps;
+  T = (J - 2451545.0)/36525.0;
+  if (PREC_IAU_1976 && fabs(T) <= PREC_IAU_1976_CTIES )
+    eps = (((1.813e-3*T-5.9e-4)*T-46.8150)*T+84381.448)*DEGTORAD/3600;
+  else if (PREC_IAU_2003 && fabs(T) <= PREC_IAU_2003_CTIES) 
+    eps =  (((((-4.34e-8 * T -5.76e-7) * T +2.0034e-3) * T -1.831e-4) * T -46.836769) * T + 84381.406) * DEGTORAD / 3600.0; 
+  else if (PREC_BRETAGNON_2003)
+    eps =  ((((((-3e-11 * T - 2.48e-8) * T -5.23e-7) * T +1.99911e-3) * T -1.667e-4) * T -46.836051) * T + 84381.40880) * DEGTORAD / 3600.0;/* */
+  else if (PREC_SIMON_1994) 
+    eps =  (((((2.5e-8 * T -5.1e-7) * T +1.9989e-3) * T -1.52e-4) * T -46.80927) * T + 84381.412) * DEGTORAD / 3600.0;/* */
+  else if (PREC_WILLIAMS_1994) 
+    eps =  ((((-1.0e-6 * T +2.0e-3) * T -1.74e-4) * T -46.833960) * T + 84381.409) * DEGTORAD / 3600.0;/* */
+  else { /* PREC_LASKAR_1986 */
+    T /= 10.0;
+    eps = ((((((((( 2.45e-10*T + 5.79e-9)*T + 2.787e-7)*T
+    + 7.12e-7)*T - 3.905e-5)*T - 2.4967e-3)*T
+    - 5.138e-3)*T + 1.99925)*T - 0.0155)*T - 468.093)*T
+    + 84381.448;
+    eps *= DEGTORAD/3600;
+  }
+  return(eps);
+}
+
+/* Precession of the equinox and ecliptic
+ * from epoch Julian date J to or from J2000.0
+ *
+ * Program by Steve Moshier.
+ * Changes in program structure by Dieter Koch.
+ *
+ * #define PREC_WILLIAMS_1994 1
+ * James G. Williams, "Contributions to the Earth's obliquity rate,
+ * precession, and nutation,"  Astron. J. 108, 711-724 (1994).
+ *
+ * #define PREC_SIMON_1994 0
+ * J. L. Simon, P. Bretagnon, J. Chapront, M. Chapront-Touze', G. Francou,
+ * and J. Laskar, "Numerical Expressions for precession formulae and
+ * mean elements for the Moon and the planets," Astronomy and Astrophysics
+ * 282, 663-683 (1994).  
+ *
+ * #define PREC_IAU_1976 0
+ * IAU Coefficients are from:
+ * J. H. Lieske, T. Lederle, W. Fricke, and B. Morando,
+ * "Expressions for the Precession Quantities Based upon the IAU
+ * (1976) System of Astronomical Constants,"  Astronomy and
+ * Astrophysics 58, 1-16 (1977).
+ *
+ * #define PREC_LASKAR_1986 0
+ * Newer formulas that cover a much longer time span are from:
+ * J. Laskar, "Secular terms of classical planetary theories
+ * using the results of general theory," Astronomy and Astrophysics
+ * 157, 59070 (1986).
+ *
+ * See also:
+ * P. Bretagnon and G. Francou, "Planetary theories in rectangular
+ * and spherical variables. VSOP87 solutions," Astronomy and
+ * Astrophysics 202, 309-315 (1988).
+ *
+ * Laskar's expansions are said by Bretagnon and Francou
+ * to have "a precision of about 1" over 10000 years before
+ * and after J2000.0 in so far as the precession constants p^0_A
+ * and epsilon^0_A are perfectly known."
+ *
+ * Bretagnon and Francou's expansions for the node and inclination
+ * of the ecliptic were derived from Laskar's data but were truncated
+ * after the term in T**6. I have recomputed these expansions from
+ * Laskar's data, retaining powers up to T**10 in the result.
+ *
+ * The following table indicates the differences between the result
+ * of the IAU formula and Laskar's formula using four different test
+ * vectors, checking at J2000 plus and minus the indicated number
+ * of years.
+ *
+ *   Years       Arc
+ * from J2000  Seconds
+ * ----------  -------
+ *        0	  0
+ *      100	.006	
+ *      200     .006
+ *      500     .015
+ *     1000     .28
+ *     2000    6.4
+ *     3000   38.
+ *    10000 9400.
+ */
+/* In WILLIAMS and SIMON, Laskar's terms of order higher than t^4
+   have been retained, because Simon et al mention that the solution
+   is the same except for the lower order terms.  */
+
+#if PREC_WILLIAMS_1994
+static double pAcof[] = {
+ -8.66e-10, -4.759e-8, 2.424e-7, 1.3095e-5, 1.7451e-4, -1.8055e-3,
+ -0.235316, 0.076, 110.5407, 50287.70000 };
+static double nodecof[] = {
+  6.6402e-16, -2.69151e-15, -1.547021e-12, 7.521313e-12, 1.9e-10, 
+  -3.54e-9, -1.8103e-7,  1.26e-7,  7.436169e-5,
+  -0.04207794833,  3.052115282424};
+static double inclcof[] = {
+  1.2147e-16, 7.3759e-17, -8.26287e-14, 2.503410e-13, 2.4650839e-11, 
+  -5.4000441e-11, 1.32115526e-9, -6.012e-7, -1.62442e-5,
+  0.00227850649, 0.0 };
+#endif
+
+#if PREC_SIMON_1994
+/* Precession coefficients from Simon et al: */
+static double pAcof[] = {
+  -8.66e-10, -4.759e-8, 2.424e-7, 1.3095e-5, 1.7451e-4, -1.8055e-3,
+  -0.235316, 0.07732, 111.2022, 50288.200 };
+static double nodecof[] = {
+  6.6402e-16, -2.69151e-15, -1.547021e-12, 7.521313e-12, 1.9e-10, 
+  -3.54e-9, -1.8103e-7, 2.579e-8, 7.4379679e-5,
+  -0.0420782900, 3.0521126906};
+static double inclcof[] = {
+  1.2147e-16, 7.3759e-17, -8.26287e-14, 2.503410e-13, 2.4650839e-11, 
+  -5.4000441e-11, 1.32115526e-9, -5.99908e-7, -1.624383e-5,
+  0.002278492868, 0.0 };
+#endif
+
+#if PREC_LASKAR_1986
+/* Precession coefficients taken from Laskar's paper: */
+static double pAcof[] = {
+  -8.66e-10, -4.759e-8, 2.424e-7, 1.3095e-5, 1.7451e-4, -1.8055e-3,
+  -0.235316, 0.07732, 111.1971, 50290.966 };
+/* Node and inclination of the earth's orbit computed from
+ * Laskar's data as done in Bretagnon and Francou's paper.
+ * Units are radians.
+ */
+static double nodecof[] = {
+  6.6402e-16, -2.69151e-15, -1.547021e-12, 7.521313e-12, 6.3190131e-10, 
+  -3.48388152e-9, -1.813065896e-7, 2.75036225e-8, 7.4394531426e-5,
+  -0.042078604317, 3.052112654975 };
+static double inclcof[] = {
+  1.2147e-16, 7.3759e-17, -8.26287e-14, 2.503410e-13, 2.4650839e-11, 
+  -5.4000441e-11, 1.32115526e-9, -5.998737027e-7, -1.6242797091e-5,
+  0.002278495537, 0.0 };
+#endif
+
+#if PREC_BRETAGNON_2003
+static double pAcof[] = {};
+static double nodecof[] = {};
+static double inclcof[] = {};
+#endif
+
+/* Subroutine arguments:
+ *
+ * R = rectangular equatorial coordinate vector to be precessed.
+ *     The result is written back into the input vector.
+ * J = Julian date
+ * direction =
+ *      Precess from J to J2000: direction = 1
+ *      Precess from J2000 to J: direction = -1
+ * Note that if you want to precess from J1 to J2, you would
+ * first go from J1 to J2000, then call the program again
+ * to go from J2000 to J2.
+ */
+int swi_precess(double *R, double J, int direction )
+{
+  double sinth, costh, sinZ, cosZ, sinz, cosz;
+  double eps, sineps, coseps;
+  double A, B, T, Z, z, TH, pA, W;
+  double x[3];
+  double *p;
+  int i;
+  if( J == J2000 ) 
+    return(0);
+  /* Each precession angle is specified by a polynomial in
+   * T = Julian centuries from J2000.0.  See AA page B18.
+   */
+  T = (J - J2000)/36525.0;
+  /* Use IAU formula for a few centuries.  */
+  if (PREC_IAU_1976 && fabs(T) <= PREC_IAU_1976_CTIES) {
+    Z =  (( 0.017998*T + 0.30188)*T + 2306.2181)*T*DEGTORAD/3600;
+    z =  (( 0.018203*T + 1.09468)*T + 2306.2181)*T*DEGTORAD/3600;
+    TH = ((-0.041833*T - 0.42665)*T + 2004.3109)*T*DEGTORAD/3600;
+  } else if (PREC_IAU_2003 && fabs(T) <= PREC_IAU_2003_CTIES) {
+    Z =  (((((- 0.0000003173*T - 0.000005971)*T + 0.01801828)*T + 0.2988499)*T + 2306.083227)*T + 2.650545)*DEGTORAD/3600;
+    z =  (((((- 0.0000002904*T - 0.000028596)*T + 0.01826837)*T + 1.0927348)*T + 2306.077181)*T - 2.650545)*DEGTORAD/3600;
+    TH = ((((-0.00000011274*T - 0.000007089)*T - 0.04182264)*T - 0.4294934)*T + 2004.191903)*T*DEGTORAD/3600;
+    /* AA 2006 B28:
+    Z =  (((((- 0.0000002*T - 0.0000327)*T + 0.0179663)*T + 0.3019015)*T + 2306.0809506)*T + 2.5976176)*DEGTORAD/3600;
+    z =  (((((- 0.0000003*T - 0.000047)*T + 0.0182237)*T + 1.0947790)*T + 2306.0803226)*T - 2.5976176)*DEGTORAD/3600;
+    TH = ((((-0.0000001*T - 0.0000601)*T - 0.0418251)*T - 0.4269353)*T + 2004.1917476)*T*DEGTORAD/3600;
+    */
+  } else if (PREC_BRETAGNON_2003) {
+    Z =  ((((((-0.00000000013*T - 0.0000003040)*T - 0.000005708)*T + 0.01801752)*T + 0.3023262)*T + 2306.080472)*T + 2.72767)*DEGTORAD/3600;
+    z =  ((((((-0.00000000005*T - 0.0000002486)*T - 0.000028276)*T + 0.01826676)*T + 1.0956768)*T + 2306.076070)*T - 2.72767)*DEGTORAD/3600;
+    TH = ((((((0.000000000009*T + 0.00000000036)*T -0.0000001127)*T - 0.000007291)*T - 0.04182364)*T - 0.4266980)*T + 2004.190936)*T*DEGTORAD/3600;
+  } else {
+    goto laskar;
+  }
+  sinth = sin(TH);
+  costh = cos(TH);
+  sinZ = sin(Z);
+  cosZ = cos(Z);
+  sinz = sin(z);
+  cosz = cos(z);
+  A = cosZ*costh;
+  B = sinZ*costh;
+  if( direction < 0 ) { /* From J2000.0 to J */
+    x[0] =    (A*cosz - sinZ*sinz)*R[0]
+	    - (B*cosz + cosZ*sinz)*R[1]
+		      - sinth*cosz*R[2];
+    x[1] =    (A*sinz + sinZ*cosz)*R[0]
+	    - (B*sinz - cosZ*cosz)*R[1]
+		      - sinth*sinz*R[2];
+    x[2] =              cosZ*sinth*R[0]
+		      - sinZ*sinth*R[1]
+		      + costh*R[2];
+  }
+  else { /* From J to J2000.0 */
+    x[0] =    (A*cosz - sinZ*sinz)*R[0]
+	    + (A*sinz + sinZ*cosz)*R[1]
+		      + cosZ*sinth*R[2];
+    x[1] =  - (B*cosz + cosZ*sinz)*R[0]
+	    - (B*sinz - cosZ*cosz)*R[1]
+		      - sinZ*sinth*R[2];
+    x[2] =            - sinth*cosz*R[0]
+		      - sinth*sinz*R[1]
+                      + costh*R[2];
+  }	
+  goto done;
+  laskar:
+  /* Implementation by elementary rotations using Laskar's expansions.
+   * First rotate about the x axis from the initial equator
+   * to the ecliptic. (The input is equatorial.)
+   */
+  if( direction == 1 ) 
+    eps = swi_epsiln(J); /* To J2000 */
+  else 
+    eps = swi_epsiln(J2000); /* From J2000 */
+  sineps = sin(eps);
+  coseps = cos(eps);
+  x[0] = R[0];
+  z = coseps*R[1] + sineps*R[2];
+  x[2] = -sineps*R[1] + coseps*R[2];
+  x[1] = z;
+  /* Precession in longitude */
+  T /= 10.0; /* thousands of years */
+  p = pAcof;
+  pA = *p++;
+  for( i=0; i<9; i++ ) 
+    pA = pA * T + *p++;
+  pA *= DEGTORAD/3600 * T;
+  /* Node of the moving ecliptic on the J2000 ecliptic.
+   */
+  p = nodecof;
+  W = *p++;
+  for( i=0; i<10; i++ ) 
+    W = W * T + *p++;
+  /* Rotate about z axis to the node.
+   */
+  if( direction == 1 ) 
+    z = W + pA;
+  else 
+    z = W;
+  B = cos(z);
+  A = sin(z);
+  z = B * x[0] + A * x[1];
+  x[1] = -A * x[0] + B * x[1];
+  x[0] = z;
+  /* Rotate about new x axis by the inclination of the moving
+   * ecliptic on the J2000 ecliptic.
+   */
+  p = inclcof;
+  z = *p++;
+  for( i=0; i<10; i++ ) 
+    z = z * T + *p++;
+  if( direction == 1 ) 
+    z = -z;
+  B = cos(z);
+  A = sin(z);
+  z = B * x[1] + A * x[2];
+  x[2] = -A * x[1] + B * x[2];
+  x[1] = z;
+  /* Rotate about new z axis back from the node.
+   */
+  if( direction == 1 ) 
+    z = -W;
+  else 
+    z = -W - pA;
+  B = cos(z);
+  A = sin(z);
+  z = B * x[0] + A * x[1];
+  x[1] = -A * x[0] + B * x[1];
+  x[0] = z;
+  /* Rotate about x axis to final equator.
+   */
+  if( direction == 1 ) 
+    eps = swi_epsiln(J2000);
+  else 
+    eps = swi_epsiln(J);
+  sineps = sin(eps);
+  coseps = cos(eps);
+  z = coseps * x[1] - sineps * x[2];
+  x[2] = sineps * x[1] + coseps * x[2];
+  x[1] = z;
+  done:
+  for( i=0; i<3; i++ ) 
+    R[i] = x[i];
+  return(0);
+}
+
+#if NUT_IAU_1980
+/* Nutation in longitude and obliquity
+ * computed at Julian date J.
+ *
+ * References:
+ * "Summary of 1980 IAU Theory of Nutation (Final Report of the
+ * IAU Working Group on Nutation)", P. K. Seidelmann et al., in
+ * Transactions of the IAU Vol. XVIII A, Reports on Astronomy,
+ * P. A. Wayman, ed.; D. Reidel Pub. Co., 1982.
+ *
+ * "Nutation and the Earth's Rotation",
+ * I.A.U. Symposium No. 78, May, 1977, page 256.
+ * I.A.U., 1980.
+ *
+ * Woolard, E.W., "A redevelopment of the theory of nutation",
+ * The Astronomical Journal, 58, 1-3 (1953).
+ *
+ * This program implements all of the 1980 IAU nutation series.
+ * Results checked at 100 points against the 1986 AA; all agreed.
+ *
+ *
+ * - S. L. Moshier, November 1987
+ *   October, 1992 - typo fixed in nutation matrix
+ *
+ * - D. Koch, November 1995: small changes in structure,
+ *   Corrections to IAU 1980 Series added from Expl. Suppl. p. 116
+ *
+ * Each term in the expansion has a trigonometric
+ * argument given by
+ *   W = i*MM + j*MS + k*FF + l*DD + m*OM
+ * where the variables are defined below.
+ * The nutation in longitude is a sum of terms of the
+ * form (a + bT) * sin(W). The terms for nutation in obliquity
+ * are of the form (c + dT) * cos(W).  The coefficients
+ * are arranged in the tabulation as follows:
+ * 
+ * Coefficient:
+ * i  j  k  l  m      a      b      c     d
+ * 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, -171996, -1742, 92025, 89,
+ * The first line of the table, above, is done separately
+ * since two of the values do not fit into 16 bit integers.
+ * The values a and c are arc seconds times 10000.  b and d
+ * are arc seconds per Julian century times 100000.  i through m
+ * are integers.  See the program for interpretation of MM, MS,
+ * etc., which are mean orbital elements of the Sun and Moon.
+ *
+ * If terms with coefficient less than X are omitted, the peak
+ * errors will be:
+ *
+ *   omit	error,		  omit	error,
+ *   a <	longitude	  c <	obliquity
+ * .0005"	.0100"		.0008"	.0094"
+ * .0046	.0492		.0095	.0481
+ * .0123	.0880		.0224	.0905
+ * .0386	.1808		.0895	.1129
+ */
+static short FAR nt[] = {  
+/* LS and OC are units of 0.0001"
+ *LS2 and OC2 are units of 0.00001"
+ *MM,MS,FF,DD,OM, LS, LS2,OC, OC2 */
+ 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2062, 2,-895, 5,
+-2, 0, 2, 0, 1, 46, 0,-24, 0,
+ 2, 0,-2, 0, 0, 11, 0, 0, 0,
+-2, 0, 2, 0, 2,-3, 0, 1, 0,
+ 1,-1, 0,-1, 0,-3, 0, 0, 0,
+ 0,-2, 2,-2, 1,-2, 0, 1, 0,
+ 2, 0,-2, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0,
+ 0, 0, 2,-2, 2,-13187,-16, 5736,-31,
+ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1426,-34, 54,-1,
+ 0, 1, 2,-2, 2,-517, 12, 224,-6,
+ 0,-1, 2,-2, 2, 217,-5,-95, 3,
+ 0, 0, 2,-2, 1, 129, 1,-70, 0,
+ 2, 0, 0,-2, 0, 48, 0, 1, 0,
+ 0, 0, 2,-2, 0,-22, 0, 0, 0,
+ 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 17,-1, 0, 0,
+ 0, 1, 0, 0, 1,-15, 0, 9, 0,
+ 0, 2, 2,-2, 2,-16, 1, 7, 0,
+ 0,-1, 0, 0, 1,-12, 0, 6, 0,
+-2, 0, 0, 2, 1,-6, 0, 3, 0,
+ 0,-1, 2,-2, 1,-5, 0, 3, 0,
+ 2, 0, 0,-2, 1, 4, 0,-2, 0,
+ 0, 1, 2,-2, 1, 4, 0,-2, 0,
+ 1, 0, 0,-1, 0,-4, 0, 0, 0,
+ 2, 1, 0,-2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0,
+ 0, 0,-2, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0,
+ 0, 1,-2, 2, 0,-1, 0, 0, 0,
+ 0, 1, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0,
+-1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0,
+ 0, 1, 2,-2, 0,-1, 0, 0, 0,
+ 0, 0, 2, 0, 2,-2274,-2, 977,-5,
+ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 712, 1,-7, 0,
+ 0, 0, 2, 0, 1,-386,-4, 200, 0,
+ 1, 0, 2, 0, 2,-301, 0, 129,-1,
+ 1, 0, 0,-2, 0,-158, 0,-1, 0,
+-1, 0, 2, 0, 2, 123, 0,-53, 0,
+ 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 63, 0,-2, 0,
+ 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 63, 1,-33, 0,
+-1, 0, 0, 0, 1,-58,-1, 32, 0,
+-1, 0, 2, 2, 2,-59, 0, 26, 0,
+ 1, 0, 2, 0, 1,-51, 0, 27, 0,
+ 0, 0, 2, 2, 2,-38, 0, 16, 0,
+ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 29, 0,-1, 0,
+ 1, 0, 2,-2, 2, 29, 0,-12, 0,
+ 2, 0, 2, 0, 2,-31, 0, 13, 0,
+ 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 26, 0,-1, 0,
+-1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 21, 0,-10, 0,
+-1, 0, 0, 2, 1, 16, 0,-8, 0,
+ 1, 0, 0,-2, 1,-13, 0, 7, 0,
+-1, 0, 2, 2, 1,-10, 0, 5, 0,
+ 1, 1, 0,-2, 0,-7, 0, 0, 0,
+ 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 7, 0,-3, 0,
+ 0,-1, 2, 0, 2,-7, 0, 3, 0,
+ 1, 0, 2, 2, 2,-8, 0, 3, 0,
+ 1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 6, 0, 0, 0,
+ 2, 0, 2,-2, 2, 6, 0,-3, 0,
+ 0, 0, 0, 2, 1,-6, 0, 3, 0,
+ 0, 0, 2, 2, 1,-7, 0, 3, 0,
+ 1, 0, 2,-2, 1, 6, 0,-3, 0,
+ 0, 0, 0,-2, 1,-5, 0, 3, 0,
+ 1,-1, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0,
+ 2, 0, 2, 0, 1,-5, 0, 3, 0, 
+ 0, 1, 0,-2, 0,-4, 0, 0, 0,
+ 1, 0,-2, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0,
+ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0,-4, 0, 0, 0,
+ 1, 1, 0, 0, 0,-3, 0, 0, 0,
+ 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0,
+ 1,-1, 2, 0, 2,-3, 0, 1, 0,
+-1,-1, 2, 2, 2,-3, 0, 1, 0,
+-2, 0, 0, 0, 1,-2, 0, 1, 0,
+ 3, 0, 2, 0, 2,-3, 0, 1, 0,
+ 0,-1, 2, 2, 2,-3, 0, 1, 0,
+ 1, 1, 2, 0, 2, 2, 0,-1, 0,
+-1, 0, 2,-2, 1,-2, 0, 1, 0,
+ 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0,-1, 0,
+ 1, 0, 0, 0, 2,-2, 0, 1, 0,
+ 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0,
+ 0, 0, 2, 1, 2, 2, 0,-1, 0,
+-1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0,-1, 0,
+ 1, 0, 0,-4, 0,-1, 0, 0, 0,
+-2, 0, 2, 2, 2, 1, 0,-1, 0,
+-1, 0, 2, 4, 2,-2, 0, 1, 0,
+ 2, 0, 0,-4, 0,-1, 0, 0, 0,
+ 1, 1, 2,-2, 2, 1, 0,-1, 0,
+ 1, 0, 2, 2, 1,-1, 0, 1, 0,
+-2, 0, 2, 4, 2,-1, 0, 1, 0,
+-1, 0, 4, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0,
+ 1,-1, 0,-2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0,
+ 2, 0, 2,-2, 1, 1, 0,-1, 0,
+ 2, 0, 2, 2, 2,-1, 0, 0, 0,
+ 1, 0, 0, 2, 1,-1, 0, 0, 0,
+ 0, 0, 4,-2, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0,
+ 3, 0, 2,-2, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0,
+ 1, 0, 2,-2, 0,-1, 0, 0, 0,
+ 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0,
+-1,-1, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0,
+ 0, 0,-2, 0, 1,-1, 0, 0, 0,
+ 0, 0, 2,-1, 2,-1, 0, 0, 0,
+ 0, 1, 0, 2, 0,-1, 0, 0, 0,
+ 1, 0,-2,-2, 0,-1, 0, 0, 0,
+ 0,-1, 2, 0, 1,-1, 0, 0, 0,
+ 1, 1, 0,-2, 1,-1, 0, 0, 0,
+ 1, 0,-2, 2, 0,-1, 0, 0, 0,
+ 2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0,
+ 0, 0, 2, 4, 2,-1, 0, 0, 0,
+ 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0,
+#if NUT_CORR_1987 
+/* corrections to IAU 1980 nutation series by Herring 1987
+ *             in 0.00001" !!!
+ *              LS      OC      */
+ 101, 0, 0, 0, 1,-725, 0, 213, 0,
+ 101, 1, 0, 0, 0, 523, 0, 208, 0,
+ 101, 0, 2,-2, 2, 102, 0, -41, 0,
+ 101, 0, 2, 0, 2, -81, 0,  32, 0,
+/*              LC      OS !!!  */
+ 102, 0, 0, 0, 1, 417, 0, 224, 0,
+ 102, 1, 0, 0, 0,  61, 0, -24, 0,
+ 102, 0, 2,-2, 2,-118, 0, -47, 0,
+#endif
+ ENDMARK,
+};
+#endif
+
+#if NUT_IAU_1980
+int swi_nutation(double J, double *nutlo)
+{
+  /* arrays to hold sines and cosines of multiple angles */
+  double ss[5][8];
+  double cc[5][8];
+  double arg;
+  double args[5];
+  double f, g, T, T2;
+  double MM, MS, FF, DD, OM;
+  double cu, su, cv, sv, sw, s;
+  double C, D;
+  int i, j, k, k1, m, n;
+  int ns[5];
+  short *p;
+  /* Julian centuries from 2000 January 1.5,
+   * barycentric dynamical time
+   */
+  T = (J - 2451545.0) / 36525.0;
+  T2 = T * T;
+  /* Fundamental arguments in the FK5 reference system.
+   * The coefficients, originally given to 0.001",
+   * are converted here to degrees.
+   */
+  /* longitude of the mean ascending node of the lunar orbit
+   * on the ecliptic, measured from the mean equinox of date
+   */
+  OM = -6962890.539 * T + 450160.280 + (0.008 * T + 7.455) * T2;
+  OM = swe_degnorm(OM/3600) * DEGTORAD;
+  /* mean longitude of the Sun minus the
+   * mean longitude of the Sun's perigee
+   */
+  MS = 129596581.224 * T + 1287099.804 - (0.012 * T + 0.577) * T2;
+  MS = swe_degnorm(MS/3600) * DEGTORAD;
+  /* mean longitude of the Moon minus the
+   * mean longitude of the Moon's perigee
+   */
+  MM = 1717915922.633 * T + 485866.733 + (0.064 * T + 31.310) * T2;
+  MM = swe_degnorm(MM/3600) * DEGTORAD;
+  /* mean longitude of the Moon minus the
+   * mean longitude of the Moon's node
+   */
+  FF = 1739527263.137 * T + 335778.877 + (0.011 * T - 13.257) * T2;
+  FF = swe_degnorm(FF/3600) * DEGTORAD;
+  /* mean elongation of the Moon from the Sun.
+   */
+  DD = 1602961601.328 * T + 1072261.307 + (0.019 * T - 6.891) * T2;
+  DD = swe_degnorm(DD/3600) * DEGTORAD;
+  args[0] = MM;
+  ns[0] = 3;
+  args[1] = MS;
+  ns[1] = 2;
+  args[2] = FF;
+  ns[2] = 4;
+  args[3] = DD;
+  ns[3] = 4;
+  args[4] = OM;
+  ns[4] = 2;
+  /* Calculate sin( i*MM ), etc. for needed multiple angles
+   */
+  for (k = 0; k <= 4; k++) {
+    arg = args[k];
+    n = ns[k];
+    su = sin(arg);
+    cu = cos(arg);
+    ss[k][0] = su;			/* sin(L) */
+    cc[k][0] = cu;			/* cos(L) */
+    sv = 2.0*su*cu;
+    cv = cu*cu - su*su;
+    ss[k][1] = sv;			/* sin(2L) */
+    cc[k][1] = cv;
+    for( i=2; i<n; i++ ) {
+      s =  su*cv + cu*sv;
+      cv = cu*cv - su*sv;
+      sv = s;
+      ss[k][i] = sv;		/* sin( i+1 L ) */
+      cc[k][i] = cv;
+    }
+  }
+  /* first terms, not in table: */
+  C = (-0.01742*T - 17.1996)*ss[4][0];	/* sin(OM) */
+  D = ( 0.00089*T +  9.2025)*cc[4][0];	/* cos(OM) */
+  for(p = &nt[0]; *p != ENDMARK; p += 9) {
+    /* argument of sine and cosine */
+    k1 = 0;
+    cv = 0.0;
+    sv = 0.0;
+    for( m=0; m<5; m++ ) {
+      j = p[m];
+      if (j > 100) 
+	j = 0; /* p[0] is a flag */
+      if( j ) {
+	k = j;
+	if( j < 0 ) 
+	  k = -k;
+	su = ss[m][k-1]; /* sin(k*angle) */
+	if( j < 0 ) 
+	  su = -su;
+	cu = cc[m][k-1];
+	if( k1 == 0 ) { /* set first angle */
+	  sv = su;
+	  cv = cu;
+	  k1 = 1;
+	}
+	else {		/* combine angles */
+	  sw = su*cv + cu*sv;
+	  cv = cu*cv - su*sv;
+	  sv = sw;
+	}
+      }
+    }
+    /* longitude coefficient, in 0.0001" */
+    f  = p[5] * 0.0001;
+    if( p[6] != 0 ) 
+      f += 0.00001 * T * p[6];
+    /* obliquity coefficient, in 0.0001" */
+    g = p[7] * 0.0001;
+    if( p[8] != 0 ) 
+      g += 0.00001 * T * p[8];
+    if (*p >= 100) { 	/* coefficients in 0.00001" */
+      f *= 0.1;
+      g *= 0.1;
+    }
+    /* accumulate the terms */
+    if (*p != 102) {
+      C += f * sv;
+      D += g * cv;
+    }
+    else { 		/* cos for nutl and sin for nuto */
+      C += f * cv;
+      D += g * sv;
+    }
+    /*
+    if (i >= 105) {
+      printf("%4.10f, %4.10f\n",f*sv,g*cv);
+    }
+    */
+  }
+  /*
+      printf("%4.10f, %4.10f, %4.10f, %4.10f\n",MS*RADTODEG,FF*RADTODEG,DD*RADTODEG,OM*RADTODEG);
+  printf( "nutation: in longitude %.9f\", in obliquity %.9f\"\n", C, D );
+  */
+  /* Save answers, expressed in radians */
+  nutlo[0] = DEGTORAD * C / 3600.0;
+  nutlo[1] = DEGTORAD * D / 3600.0;
+  return(0);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if NUT_IAU_2000A || NUT_IAU_2000B
+/* Nutation IAU 2000A model 
+ * (MHB2000 luni-solar and planetary nutation, without free core nutation)
+ *
+ * Function returns nutation in longitude and obliquity in radians with 
+ * respect to the equinox of date. For the obliquity of the ecliptic
+ * the calculation of Lieske & al. (1977) must be used.
+ *
+ * The precision in recent years is about 0.001 arc seconds.
+ *
+ * The calculation includes luni-solar and planetary nutation.
+ * Free core nutation, which cannot be predicted, is omitted, 
+ * the error being of the order of a few 0.0001 arc seconds.
+ *
+ * References:
+ *
+ * Capitaine, N., Wallace, P.T., Chapront, J., A & A 432, 366 (2005).
+ *
+ * Chapront, J., Chapront-Touze, M. & Francou, G., A & A 387, 700 (2002).
+ *
+ * Lieske, J.H., Lederle, T., Fricke, W. & Morando, B., "Expressions
+ * for the precession quantities based upon the IAU (1976) System of
+ * Astronomical Constants", A & A 58, 1-16 (1977).
+ *
+ * Mathews, P.M., Herring, T.A., Buffet, B.A., "Modeling of nutation
+ * and precession   New nutation series for nonrigid Earth and
+ * insights into the Earth's interior", J.Geophys.Res., 107, B4,
+ * 2002.  
+ *
+ * Simon, J.-L., Bretagnon, P., Chapront, J., Chapront-Touze, M.,
+ * Francou, G., Laskar, J., A & A 282, 663-683 (1994).
+ *
+ * Souchay, J., Loysel, B., Kinoshita, H., Folgueira, M., A & A Supp.
+ * Ser. 135, 111 (1999).
+ *
+ * Wallace, P.T., "Software for Implementing the IAU 2000
+ * Resolutions", in IERS Workshop 5.1 (2002).
+ *
+ * Nutation IAU 2000A series in: 
+ * Kaplan, G.H., United States Naval Observatory Circular No. 179 (Oct. 2005)
+ * aa.usno.navy.mil/publications/docs/Circular_179.html
+ *
+ * MHB2000 code at
+ * - ftp://maia.usno.navy.mil/conv2000/chapter5/IAU2000A.
+ * - http://www.iau-sofa.rl.ac.uk/2005_0901/Downloads.html
+ */
+
+#include "swenut2000a.h"
+int swi_nutation(double J, double *nutlo) 
+{
+  int i, j, k, inls;
+  double M, SM, F, D, OM;
+#if NUT_IAU_2000A
+  double AL, ALSU, AF, AD, AOM, APA;
+  double ALME, ALVE, ALEA, ALMA, ALJU, ALSA, ALUR, ALNE;
+#endif
+  double darg, sinarg, cosarg;
+  double dpsi = 0, deps = 0;
+  double T = (J - J2000 ) / 36525.0;
+  /* luni-solar nutation */
+  /* Fundamental arguments, Simon & al. (1994) */
+  /* Mean anomaly of the Moon. */
+  M  = swe_degnorm(( 485868.249036 +
+	      T*( 1717915923.2178 +
+	      T*(         31.8792 +
+	      T*(          0.051635 +
+	      T*(        - 0.00024470 ))))) / 3600.0) * DEGTORAD;
+  /* Mean anomaly of the Sun */
+  SM = swe_degnorm((1287104.79305 +
+	      T*(  129596581.0481 +
+	      T*(        - 0.5532 +
+	      T*(          0.000136 +
+	      T*(        - 0.00001149 ))))) / 3600.0) * DEGTORAD;
+  /* Mean argument of the latitude of the Moon. */
+  F   = swe_degnorm(( 335779.526232 +
+	      T*( 1739527262.8478 +
+	      T*(       - 12.7512 +
+	      T*(       -  0.001037 +
+	      T*(          0.00000417 ))))) / 3600.0) * DEGTORAD;
+  /* Mean elongation of the Moon from the Sun. */
+  D   = swe_degnorm((1072260.70369 +
+	      T*( 1602961601.2090 +
+	      T*(        - 6.3706 +
+	      T*(          0.006593 +
+	      T*(        - 0.00003169 ))))) / 3600.0) * DEGTORAD;
+  /* Mean longitude of the ascending node of the Moon. */
+  OM  = swe_degnorm(( 450160.398036 +
+	      T*(  - 6962890.5431 +
+	      T*(          7.4722 +
+	      T*(          0.007702 +
+	      T*(        - 0.00005939 ))))) / 3600.0) * DEGTORAD;
+  /* luni-solar nutation series, in reverse order, starting with small terms */
+#if NUT_IAU_2000B
+  inls = NLS_2000B;
+#else
+  inls = NLS;
+#endif
+  for (i = inls - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+    j = i * 5;
+    darg = swe_radnorm((double) nls[j + 0] * M  +
+		       (double) nls[j + 1] * SM +
+		       (double) nls[j + 2] * F   +
+		       (double) nls[j + 3] * D   +
+		       (double) nls[j + 4] * OM);
+    sinarg = sin(darg);
+    cosarg = cos(darg);
+    k = i * 6;
+    dpsi += (cls[k+0] + cls[k+1] * T) * sinarg + cls[k+2] * cosarg;
+    deps += (cls[k+3] + cls[k+4] * T) * cosarg + cls[k+5] * sinarg;
+  }
+  nutlo[0] = dpsi * O1MAS2DEG;
+  nutlo[1] = deps * O1MAS2DEG;
+#if NUT_IAU_2000A
+  /* planetary nutation 
+   * note: The MHB2000 code computes the luni-solar and planetary nutation
+   * in different routines, using slightly different Delaunay
+   * arguments in the two cases.  This behaviour is faithfully
+   * reproduced here.  Use of the Simon et al. expressions for both
+   * cases leads to negligible changes, well below 0.1 microarcsecond.*/
+  /* Mean anomaly of the Moon.*/
+  AL = swe_radnorm(2.35555598 + 8328.6914269554 * T);
+  /* Mean anomaly of the Sun.*/
+  ALSU = swe_radnorm(6.24006013 + 628.301955 * T);
+  /* Mean argument of the latitude of the Moon. */
+  AF = swe_radnorm(1.627905234 + 8433.466158131 * T);
+  /* Mean elongation of the Moon from the Sun. */
+  AD = swe_radnorm(5.198466741 + 7771.3771468121 * T);
+  /* Mean longitude of the ascending node of the Moon. */
+  AOM = swe_radnorm(2.18243920 - 33.757045 * T);
+  /* General accumulated precession in longitude. */
+  APA = (0.02438175 + 0.00000538691 * T) * T;
+  /* Planetary longitudes, Mercury through Neptune (Souchay et al. 1999). */
+  ALME = swe_radnorm(4.402608842 + 2608.7903141574 * T);
+  ALVE = swe_radnorm(3.176146697 + 1021.3285546211 * T);
+  ALEA = swe_radnorm(1.753470314 +  628.3075849991 * T);
+  ALMA = swe_radnorm(6.203480913 +  334.0612426700 * T);
+  ALJU = swe_radnorm(0.599546497 +   52.9690962641 * T);
+  ALSA = swe_radnorm(0.874016757 +   21.3299104960 * T);
+  ALUR = swe_radnorm(5.481293871 +    7.4781598567 * T);
+  ALNE = swe_radnorm(5.321159000 +    3.8127774000 * T);
+  /* planetary nutation series (in reverse order).*/
+  dpsi = 0;
+  deps = 0;
+  for (i = NPL - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+    j = i * 14;
+    darg = swe_radnorm((double) npl[j + 0] * AL   +
+	(double) npl[j + 1] * ALSU +
+	(double) npl[j + 2] * AF   +
+	(double) npl[j + 3] * AD   +
+	(double) npl[j + 4] * AOM  +
+	(double) npl[j + 5] * ALME +
+	(double) npl[j + 6] * ALVE +
+	(double) npl[j + 7] * ALEA +
+	(double) npl[j + 8] * ALMA +
+	(double) npl[j + 9] * ALJU +
+	(double) npl[j +10] * ALSA +
+	(double) npl[j +11] * ALUR +
+	(double) npl[j +12] * ALNE +
+	(double) npl[j +13] * APA);
+    k = i * 4;
+    sinarg = sin(darg);
+    cosarg = cos(darg);
+    dpsi += (double) icpl[k+0] * sinarg + (double) icpl[k+1] * cosarg;
+    deps += (double) icpl[k+2] * sinarg + (double) icpl[k+3] * cosarg;
+  }
+  nutlo[0] += dpsi * O1MAS2DEG;
+  nutlo[1] += deps * O1MAS2DEG;
+#if 1
+  /* changes required by adoption of P03 precession 
+   * according to Capitaine et al. A & A 412, 366 (2005) */
+  dpsi = -8.1 * sin(OM) - 0.6 * sin(2 * F - 2 * D + 2 * OM);
+  dpsi += T * (47.8 * sin(OM) + 3.7 * sin(2 * F - 2 * D + 2 * OM) + 0.6 * sin(2 * F + 2 * OM) - 0.6 * sin(2 * OM)); 
+  deps = T * (-25.6 * cos(OM) - 1.6 * cos(2 * F - 2 * D + 2 * OM));
+  nutlo[0] += dpsi / (3600.0 * 1000000.0);
+  nutlo[1] += deps / (3600.0 * 1000000.0);
+#endif
+#endif
+  nutlo[0] *= DEGTORAD;
+  nutlo[1] *= DEGTORAD;
+  return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+/* GCRS to J2000 */
+void swi_bias(double *x, int32 iflag, AS_BOOL backward)
+{
+#if 0
+  double DAS2R = 1.0 / 3600.0 * DEGTORAD;
+  double dpsi_bias = -0.041775 * DAS2R;
+  double deps_bias = -0.0068192 * DAS2R;
+  double dra0 = -0.0146 * DAS2R;
+  double deps2000 = 84381.448 * DAS2R; 
+#endif
+  double xx[6], rb[3][3];
+  int i;
+  rb[0][0] = +0.9999999999999942;
+  rb[0][1] = +0.0000000707827948;
+  rb[0][2] = -0.0000000805621738;
+  rb[1][0] = -0.0000000707827974; 
+  rb[1][1] = +0.9999999999999969;
+  rb[1][2] = -0.0000000330604088;
+  rb[2][0] = +0.0000000805621715;
+  rb[2][1] = +0.0000000330604145;
+  rb[2][2] = +0.9999999999999962;
+  if (backward) {
+    for (i = 0; i <= 2; i++) {
+      xx[i] = x[0] * rb[i][0] +
+	      x[1] * rb[i][1] +
+	      x[2] * rb[i][2];
+      if (iflag & SEFLG_SPEED)
+	xx[i+3] = x[3] * rb[i][0] +
+	      x[4] * rb[i][1] +
+	      x[5] * rb[i][2];
+    }
+  } else {
+    for (i = 0; i <= 2; i++) {
+      xx[i] = x[0] * rb[0][i] +
+	      x[1] * rb[1][i] +
+	      x[2] * rb[2][i];
+      if (iflag & SEFLG_SPEED)
+	xx[i+3] = x[3] * rb[0][i] +
+	      x[4] * rb[1][i] +
+	      x[5] * rb[2][i];
+    }
+  }
+  for (i = 0; i <= 2; i++) x[i] = xx[i];
+  if (iflag & SEFLG_SPEED)
+    for (i = 3; i <= 5; i++) x[i] = xx[i];
+}
+
+
+/* GCRS to FK5 */
+void swi_icrs2fk5(double *x, int32 iflag, AS_BOOL backward)
+{
+#if 0
+  double DAS2R = 1.0 / 3600.0 * DEGTORAD;
+  double dra0 = -0.0229 * DAS2R;
+  double dxi0 =  0.0091 * DAS2R;
+  double det0 = -0.0199 * DAS2R;
+#endif
+  double xx[6], rb[3][3];
+  int i;
+  rb[0][0] = +0.9999999999999928;
+  rb[0][1] = +0.0000001110223287;
+  rb[0][2] = +0.0000000441180557;
+  rb[1][0] = -0.0000001110223330; 
+  rb[1][1] = +0.9999999999999891;
+  rb[1][2] = +0.0000000964779176;
+  rb[2][0] = -0.0000000441180450;
+  rb[2][1] = -0.0000000964779225;
+  rb[2][2] = +0.9999999999999943;
+  if (backward) {
+    for (i = 0; i <= 2; i++) {
+      xx[i] = x[0] * rb[i][0] +
+	      x[1] * rb[i][1] +
+	      x[2] * rb[i][2];
+      if (iflag & SEFLG_SPEED)
+	xx[i+3] = x[3] * rb[i][0] +
+	      x[4] * rb[i][1] +
+	      x[5] * rb[i][2];
+    }
+  } else {
+    for (i = 0; i <= 2; i++) {
+      xx[i] = x[0] * rb[0][i] +
+	      x[1] * rb[1][i] +
+	      x[2] * rb[2][i];
+      if (iflag & SEFLG_SPEED)
+	xx[i+3] = x[3] * rb[0][i] +
+	      x[4] * rb[1][i] +
+	      x[5] * rb[2][i];
+    }
+  }
+  for (i = 0; i <= 5; i++) x[i] = xx[i];
+}
+
+/* DeltaT = Ephemeris Time - Universal Time, in days.
+ * 
+ * 1620 - today + a couple of years:
+ * ---------------------------------
+ * The tabulated values of deltaT, in hundredths of a second,
+ * were taken from The Astronomical Almanac 1997, page K8.  The program
+ * adjusts for a value of secular tidal acceleration ndot = -25.7376.
+ * arcsec per century squared, the value used in JPL's DE403 ephemeris.
+ * ELP2000 (and DE200) used the value -23.8946.
+ * To change ndot, one can
+ * either redefine SE_TIDAL_DEFAULT in swephexp.h
+ * or use the routine swe_set_tid_acc() before calling Swiss 
+ * Ephemeris.
+ * Bessel's interpolation formula is implemented to obtain fourth 
+ * order interpolated values at intermediate times.
+ *
+ * -1000 - 1620:
+ * ---------------------------------
+ * For dates between -500 and 1600, the table given by Morrison &
+ * Stephenson (2004; p. 332) is used, with linear interpolation.
+ * This table is based on an assumed value of ndot = -26.
+ * The program adjusts for ndot = -25.7376.
+ * For 1600 - 1620, a linear interpolation between the last value
+ * of the latter and the first value of the former table is made.
+ *
+ * before -1000:
+ * ---------------------------------
+ * For times before -1100, a formula of Morrison & Stephenson (2004) 
+ * (p. 332) is used: 
+ * dt = 32 * t * t - 20 sec, where t is centuries from 1820 AD.
+ * For -1100 to -1000, a transition from this formula to the Stephenson
+ * table has been implemented in order to avoid a jump.
+ *
+ * future:
+ * ---------------------------------
+ * For the time after the last tabulated value, we use the formula
+ * of Stephenson (1997; p. 507), with a modification that avoids a jump
+ * at the end of the tabulated period. A linear term is added that
+ * makes a slow transition from the table to the formula over a period
+ * of 100 years. (Need not be updated, when table will be enlarged.)
+ *
+ * References:
+ *
+ * Stephenson, F. R., and L. V. Morrison, "Long-term changes
+ * in the rotation of the Earth: 700 B.C. to A.D. 1980,"
+ * Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
+ * Series A 313, 47-70 (1984)
+ *
+ * Borkowski, K. M., "ELP2000-85 and the Dynamical Time
+ * - Universal Time relation," Astronomy and Astrophysics
+ * 205, L8-L10 (1988)
+ * Borkowski's formula is derived from partly doubtful eclipses 
+ * going back to 2137 BC and uses lunar position based on tidal 
+ * coefficient of -23.9 arcsec/cy^2.
+ *
+ * Chapront-Touze, Michelle, and Jean Chapront, _Lunar Tables
+ * and Programs from 4000 B.C. to A.D. 8000_, Willmann-Bell 1991
+ * Their table agrees with the one here, but the entries are
+ * rounded to the nearest whole second.
+ *
+ * Stephenson, F. R., and M. A. Houlden, _Atlas of Historical
+ * Eclipse Maps_, Cambridge U. Press (1986)
+ *
+ * Stephenson, F.R. & Morrison, L.V., "Long-Term Fluctuations in 
+ * the Earth's Rotation: 700 BC to AD 1990", Philosophical 
+ * Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 
+ * Ser. A, 351 (1995), 165-202. 
+ *
+ * Stephenson, F. Richard, _Historical Eclipses and Earth's 
+ * Rotation_, Cambridge U. Press (1997)
+ *
+ * Morrison, L. V., and F.R. Stephenson, "Historical Values of the Earth's 
+ * Clock Error DT and the Calculation of Eclipses", JHA xxxv (2004), 
+ * pp.327-336
+ * 
+ * Table from AA for 1620 through today
+ * Note, Stephenson and Morrison's table starts at the year 1630.
+ * The Chapronts' table does not agree with the Almanac prior to 1630.
+ * The actual accuracy decreases rapidly prior to 1780.
+ *
+ * Jean Meeus, Astronomical Algorithms, 2nd edition, 1998.
+ * 
+ * For a comprehensive collection of publications and formulae, see:
+ * http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/deltat/deltat_modern.htm
+ * http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/deltat/deltat_old.htm
+ * 
+ * For future values of delta t, the following data from the 
+ * Earth Orientation Department of the US Naval Observatory can be used:
+ * (TAI-UTC) from: ftp://maia.usno.navy.mil/ser7/tai-utc.dat
+ * (UT1-UTC) from: ftp://maia.usno.navy.mil/ser7/finals.all
+ * file description in: ftp://maia.usno.navy.mil/ser7/readme.finals
+ * Delta T = TAI-UT1 + 32.184 sec = (TAI-UTC) - (UT1-UTC) + 32.184 sec
+ *
+ * Also, there is the following file: 
+ * http://maia.usno.navy.mil/ser7/deltat.data, but it is about 3 months
+ * behind (on 3 feb 2009)
+ *
+ * Last update of table dt[]: Dieter Koch, 27 april 2010.
+ * ATTENTION: Whenever updating this table, do not forget to adjust
+ * the macros TABEND and TABSIZ !
+ */
+#define TABSTART 	1620
+#define TABEND 		2017
+#define TABSIZ 		(TABEND-TABSTART+1) 
+/* we make the table greater for additional values read from external file */
+#define TABSIZ_SPACE 	(TABSIZ+100)
+static double FAR dt[TABSIZ_SPACE] = {
+/* 1620.0 thru 1659.0 */
+124.00, 119.00, 115.00, 110.00, 106.00, 102.00, 98.00, 95.00, 91.00, 88.00,
+85.00, 82.00, 79.00, 77.00, 74.00, 72.00, 70.00, 67.00, 65.00, 63.00,
+62.00, 60.00, 58.00, 57.00, 55.00, 54.00, 53.00, 51.00, 50.00, 49.00,
+48.00, 47.00, 46.00, 45.00, 44.00, 43.00, 42.00, 41.00, 40.00, 38.00,
+/* 1660.0 thru 1699.0 */
+37.00, 36.00, 35.00, 34.00, 33.00, 32.00, 31.00, 30.00, 28.00, 27.00,
+26.00, 25.00, 24.00, 23.00, 22.00, 21.00, 20.00, 19.00, 18.00, 17.00,
+16.00, 15.00, 14.00, 14.00, 13.00, 12.00, 12.00, 11.00, 11.00, 10.00,
+10.00, 10.00, 9.00, 9.00, 9.00, 9.00, 9.00, 9.00, 9.00, 9.00,
+/* 1700.0 thru 1739.0 */
+9.00, 9.00, 9.00, 9.00, 9.00, 9.00, 9.00, 9.00, 10.00, 10.00,
+10.00, 10.00, 10.00, 10.00, 10.00, 10.00, 10.00, 11.00, 11.00, 11.00,
+11.00, 11.00, 11.00, 11.00, 11.00, 11.00, 11.00, 11.00, 11.00, 11.00,
+11.00, 11.00, 11.00, 11.00, 12.00, 12.00, 12.00, 12.00, 12.00, 12.00,
+/* 1740.0 thru 1779.0 */
+12.00, 12.00, 12.00, 12.00, 13.00, 13.00, 13.00, 13.00, 13.00, 13.00,
+13.00, 14.00, 14.00, 14.00, 14.00, 14.00, 14.00, 14.00, 15.00, 15.00,
+15.00, 15.00, 15.00, 15.00, 15.00, 16.00, 16.00, 16.00, 16.00, 16.00,
+16.00, 16.00, 16.00, 16.00, 16.00, 17.00, 17.00, 17.00, 17.00, 17.00,
+/* 1780.0 thru 1799.0 */
+17.00, 17.00, 17.00, 17.00, 17.00, 17.00, 17.00, 17.00, 17.00, 17.00,
+17.00, 17.00, 16.00, 16.00, 16.00, 16.00, 15.00, 15.00, 14.00, 14.00,
+/* 1800.0 thru 1819.0 */
+13.70, 13.40, 13.10, 12.90, 12.70, 12.60, 12.50, 12.50, 12.50, 12.50,
+12.50, 12.50, 12.50, 12.50, 12.50, 12.50, 12.50, 12.40, 12.30, 12.20,
+/* 1820.0 thru 1859.0 */
+12.00, 11.70, 11.40, 11.10, 10.60, 10.20, 9.60, 9.10, 8.60, 8.00,
+7.50, 7.00, 6.60, 6.30, 6.00, 5.80, 5.70, 5.60, 5.60, 5.60,
+5.70, 5.80, 5.90, 6.10, 6.20, 6.30, 6.50, 6.60, 6.80, 6.90,
+7.10, 7.20, 7.30, 7.40, 7.50, 7.60, 7.70, 7.70, 7.80, 7.80,
+/* 1860.0 thru 1899.0 */
+7.88, 7.82, 7.54, 6.97, 6.40, 6.02, 5.41, 4.10, 2.92, 1.82,
+1.61, .10, -1.02, -1.28, -2.69, -3.24, -3.64, -4.54, -4.71, -5.11,
+-5.40, -5.42, -5.20, -5.46, -5.46, -5.79, -5.63, -5.64, -5.80, -5.66,
+-5.87, -6.01, -6.19, -6.64, -6.44, -6.47, -6.09, -5.76, -4.66, -3.74,
+/* 1900.0 thru 1939.0 */
+-2.72, -1.54, -.02, 1.24, 2.64, 3.86, 5.37, 6.14, 7.75, 9.13,
+10.46, 11.53, 13.36, 14.65, 16.01, 17.20, 18.24, 19.06, 20.25, 20.95,
+21.16, 22.25, 22.41, 23.03, 23.49, 23.62, 23.86, 24.49, 24.34, 24.08,
+24.02, 24.00, 23.87, 23.95, 23.86, 23.93, 23.73, 23.92, 23.96, 24.02,
+/* 1940.0 thru 1979.0 */
+ 24.33, 24.83, 25.30, 25.70, 26.24, 26.77, 27.28, 27.78, 28.25, 28.71,
+ 29.15, 29.57, 29.97, 30.36, 30.72, 31.07, 31.35, 31.68, 32.18, 32.68,
+ 33.15, 33.59, 34.00, 34.47, 35.03, 35.73, 36.54, 37.43, 38.29, 39.20,
+ 40.18, 41.17, 42.23, 43.37, 44.49, 45.48, 46.46, 47.52, 48.53, 49.59,
+/* 1980.0 thru 1999.0 */
+ 50.54, 51.38, 52.17, 52.96, 53.79, 54.34, 54.87, 55.32, 55.82, 56.30,
+ 56.86, 57.57, 58.31, 59.12, 59.98, 60.78, 61.63, 62.30, 62.97, 63.47,
+/* 2000.0 thru 2009.0 */
+ 63.83, 64.09, 64.30, 64.47, 64.57, 64.69, 64.85, 65.15, 65.46, 65.78,      
+/* 2010.0 thru 2019.0 */
+ 66.07, 66.32,
+/* Extrapolated values, 2011 - 2014 */
+             67.00, 67.50, 68.00, 68.50, 69.00, 69.50,
+};
+#define ESPENAK_MEEUS_2006 TRUE
+#define TAB2_SIZ	27
+#define TAB2_START	(-1000)
+#define TAB2_END	1600
+#define TAB2_STEP	100
+#define LTERM_EQUATION_YSTART	1820
+#define LTERM_EQUATION_COEFF	32
+/* Table for -1000 through 1600, from Morrison & Stephenson (2004).  */
+static short FAR dt2[TAB2_SIZ] = {
+/*-1000  -900  -800  -700  -600  -500  -400  -300  -200  -100*/
+  25400,23700,22000,21000,19040,17190,15530,14080,12790,11640,
+/*    0   100   200   300   400   500   600   700   800   900*/
+  10580, 9600, 8640, 7680, 6700, 5710, 4740, 3810, 2960, 2200,
+/* 1000  1100  1200  1300  1400  1500  1600,                 */
+   1570, 1090,  740,  490,  320,  200,  120,  
+};
+/* returns DeltaT (ET - UT) in days
+ * double tjd 	= 	julian day in UT
+ */
+#define DEMO 0
+double FAR PASCAL_CONV swe_deltat(double tjd)
+{
+  double ans = 0;
+  double B, Y, Ygreg, dd;
+  int iy;
+  /* read additional values from swedelta.txt */
+  AS_BOOL use_espenak_meeus = ESPENAK_MEEUS_2006;
+  Y = 2000.0 + (tjd - J2000)/365.25;
+  Ygreg = 2000.0 + (tjd - J2000)/365.2425;
+  /* Before 1633 AD, if the macro ESPENAK_MEEUS_2006 is TRUE: 
+   * Polynomials by Espenak & Meeus 2006, derived from Stephenson & Morrison 
+   * 2004. 
+   * Note, Espenak & Meeus use their formulae only from 2000 BC on.
+   * However, they use the long-term formula of Morrison & Stephenson,
+   * which can be used even for the remoter past.
+   */
+  if (use_espenak_meeus && tjd < 2317746.13090277789) {
+    return deltat_espenak_meeus_1620(tjd);
+  }
+  /* If the macro ESPENAK_MEEUS_2006 is FALSE:
+   * Before 1620, we follow Stephenson & Morrsion 2004. For the tabulated 
+   * values 1000 BC through 1600 AD, we use linear interpolation.
+   */
+  if (Y < TABSTART) {
+    if (Y < TAB2_END) {
+      return deltat_stephenson_morrison_1600(tjd);
+    } else {
+      /* between 1600 and 1620:
+       * linear interpolation between 
+       * end of table dt2 and start of table dt */
+      if (Y >= TAB2_END) { 
+	B = TABSTART - TAB2_END;
+	iy = (TAB2_END - TAB2_START) / TAB2_STEP;
+	dd = (Y - TAB2_END) / B;
+	/*ans = dt2[iy] + dd * (dt[0] / 100.0 - dt2[iy]);*/
+	ans = dt2[iy] + dd * (dt[0] - dt2[iy]);
+	ans = adjust_for_tidacc(ans, Ygreg);
+	return ans / 86400.0;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  /* 1620 - today + a few years (tabend):
+   * Besselian interpolation from tabulated values in table dt.
+   * See AA page K11.
+   */
+  if (Y >= TABSTART) {
+    return deltat_aa(tjd);
+  }
+#ifdef TRACE
+  swi_open_trace(NULL);
+  if (swi_trace_count < TRACE_COUNT_MAX) {
+    if (swi_fp_trace_c != NULL) {
+      fputs("\n/*SWE_DELTAT*/\n", swi_fp_trace_c);
+      fprintf(swi_fp_trace_c, "  tjd = %.9f;", tjd);
+      fprintf(swi_fp_trace_c, " t = swe_deltat(tjd);\n");
+      fputs("  printf(\"swe_deltat: %f\\t%f\\t\\n\", ", swi_fp_trace_c);
+      fputs("tjd, t);\n", swi_fp_trace_c);
+      fflush(swi_fp_trace_c);
+    }
+    if (swi_fp_trace_out != NULL) {
+      fprintf(swi_fp_trace_out, "swe_deltat: %f\t%f\t\n", tjd, ans);
+      fflush(swi_fp_trace_out);
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+  return ans / 86400.0;
+}
+
+static double deltat_aa(double tjd)
+{
+  double ans = 0, ans2, ans3;
+  double p, B, B2, Y, dd;
+  double d[6];
+  int i, iy, k;
+  /* read additional values from swedelta.txt */
+  int tabsiz = init_dt();
+  int tabend = TABSTART + tabsiz - 1;
+  /*Y = 2000.0 + (tjd - J2000)/365.25;*/
+  Y = 2000.0 + (tjd - J2000)/365.2425;
+  if (Y <= tabend) {
+    /* Index into the table.
+     */
+    p = floor(Y);
+    iy = (int) (p - TABSTART);
+    /* Zeroth order estimate is value at start of year
+     */
+    ans = dt[iy];
+    k = iy + 1;
+    if( k >= tabsiz )
+      goto done; /* No data, can't go on. */
+    /* The fraction of tabulation interval
+     */
+    p = Y - p;
+    /* First order interpolated value
+     */
+    ans += p*(dt[k] - dt[iy]);
+    if( (iy-1 < 0) || (iy+2 >= tabsiz) )
+      goto done; /* can't do second differences */
+    /* Make table of first differences
+     */
+    k = iy - 2;
+    for( i=0; i<5; i++ ) {
+      if( (k < 0) || (k+1 >= tabsiz) ) 
+	d[i] = 0;
+      else
+	d[i] = dt[k+1] - dt[k];
+      k += 1;
+    }
+    /* Compute second differences
+     */
+    for( i=0; i<4; i++ )
+      d[i] = d[i+1] - d[i];
+    B = 0.25*p*(p-1.0);
+    ans += B*(d[1] + d[2]);
+  #if DEMO
+    printf( "B %.4lf, ans %.4lf\n", B, ans );
+  #endif
+    if( iy+2 >= tabsiz )
+      goto done;
+    /* Compute third differences
+     */
+    for( i=0; i<3; i++ )
+      d[i] = d[i+1] - d[i];
+    B = 2.0*B/3.0;
+    ans += (p-0.5)*B*d[1];
+  #if DEMO
+    printf( "B %.4lf, ans %.4lf\n", B*(p-0.5), ans );
+  #endif
+    if( (iy-2 < 0) || (iy+3 > tabsiz) )
+      goto done;
+    /* Compute fourth differences
+     */
+    for( i=0; i<2; i++ )
+      d[i] = d[i+1] - d[i];
+    B = 0.125*B*(p+1.0)*(p-2.0);
+    ans += B*(d[0] + d[1]);
+  #if DEMO
+    printf( "B %.4lf, ans %.4lf\n", B, ans );
+  #endif
+    done:
+    ans = adjust_for_tidacc(ans, Y);
+    return ans / 86400.0;
+  }
+  /* today - : 
+   * Formula Stephenson (1997; p. 507),
+   * with modification to avoid jump at end of AA table,
+   * similar to what Meeus 1998 had suggested.
+   * Slow transition within 100 years.
+   */
+  B = 0.01 * (Y - 1820);
+  ans = -20 + 31 * B * B;
+  /* slow transition from tabulated values to Stephenson formula: */
+  if (Y <= tabend+100) {
+    B2 = 0.01 * (tabend - 1820);
+    ans2 = -20 + 31 * B2 * B2;
+    ans3 = dt[tabsiz-1];
+    dd = (ans2 - ans3);
+    ans += dd * (Y - (tabend + 100)) * 0.01;
+  }
+  return ans / 86400.0;
+}
+
+static double deltat_longterm_morrison_stephenson(double tjd)
+{
+  double Ygreg =  2000.0 + (tjd - J2000)/365.2425;
+  double u = (Ygreg  - 1820) / 100.0;
+  return (-20 + 32 * u * u);
+}
+
+static double deltat_stephenson_morrison_1600(double tjd)
+{
+  double ans = 0, ans2, ans3;
+  double p, B, dd;
+  double tjd0;
+  int iy;
+  /* read additional values from swedelta.txt */
+  double Y = 2000.0 + (tjd - J2000)/365.2425;
+  /* double Y = 2000.0 + (tjd - J2000)/365.25;*/
+  /* before -1000:
+   * formula by Stephenson&Morrison (2004; p. 335) but adjusted to fit the 
+   * starting point of table dt2. */
+  if( Y < TAB2_START ) {
+    /*B = (Y - LTERM_EQUATION_YSTART) * 0.01;
+    ans = -20 + LTERM_EQUATION_COEFF * B * B;*/
+    ans = deltat_longterm_morrison_stephenson(tjd);
+    ans = adjust_for_tidacc(ans, Y);
+    /* transition from formula to table over 100 years */
+    if (Y >= TAB2_START - 100) {
+      /* starting value of table dt2: */
+      ans2 = adjust_for_tidacc(dt2[0], TAB2_START);
+      /* value of formula at epoch TAB2_START */
+      /* B = (TAB2_START - LTERM_EQUATION_YSTART) * 0.01;
+      ans3 = -20 + LTERM_EQUATION_COEFF * B * B;*/
+      tjd0 = (TAB2_START - 2000) * 365.2425 + J2000;
+      ans3 = deltat_longterm_morrison_stephenson(tjd0);
+      ans3 = adjust_for_tidacc(ans3, Y);
+      dd = ans3 - ans2;
+      B = (Y - (TAB2_START - 100)) * 0.01;
+      /* fit to starting point of table dt2. */
+      ans = ans - dd * B;
+    }
+  }
+  /* between -1000 and 1600: 
+   * linear interpolation between values of table dt2 (Stephenson&Morrison 2004) */
+  if (Y >= TAB2_START && Y < TAB2_END) { 
+    double Yjul = 2000 + (tjd - 2451557.5) / 365.25;
+    p = floor(Yjul);
+    iy = (int) ((p - TAB2_START) / TAB2_STEP);
+    dd = (Yjul - (TAB2_START + TAB2_STEP * iy)) / TAB2_STEP;
+    ans = dt2[iy] + (dt2[iy+1] - dt2[iy]) * dd;
+    /* correction for tidal acceleration used by our ephemeris */
+    ans = adjust_for_tidacc(ans, Y);
+  }
+  ans /= 86400.0;
+  return ans;
+}
+
+static double deltat_espenak_meeus_1620(double tjd)
+{
+  double ans = 0;
+  double Ygreg;
+  double u;
+  /* double Y = 2000.0 + (tjd - J2000)/365.25;*/
+  Ygreg = 2000.0 + (tjd - J2000)/365.2425;
+  if (Ygreg < -500) {
+    ans = deltat_longterm_morrison_stephenson(tjd);
+  } else if (Ygreg < 500) {
+    u = Ygreg / 100.0;
+    ans = (((((0.0090316521 * u + 0.022174192) * u - 0.1798452) * u - 5.952053) * u+ 33.78311) * u - 1014.41) * u + 10583.6;
+  } else if (Ygreg < 1600) {
+    u = (Ygreg - 1000) / 100.0;
+    ans = (((((0.0083572073 * u - 0.005050998) * u - 0.8503463) * u + 0.319781) * u + 71.23472) * u - 556.01) * u + 1574.2;
+  } else if (Ygreg < 1700) {
+    u = Ygreg - 1600;
+    ans = 120 - 0.9808 * u - 0.01532 * u * u + u * u * u / 7129.0;
+  } else if (Ygreg < 1800) {
+    u = Ygreg - 1700;
+    ans = (((-u / 1174000.0 + 0.00013336) * u - 0.0059285) * u + 0.1603) * u + 8.83;
+  } else if (Ygreg < 1860) {
+    u = Ygreg - 1800;
+    ans = ((((((0.000000000875 * u - 0.0000001699) * u + 0.0000121272) * u - 0.00037436) * u + 0.0041116) * u + 0.0068612) * u - 0.332447) * u + 13.72;
+  } else if (Ygreg < 1900) {
+    u = Ygreg - 1860;
+    ans = ((((u / 233174.0 - 0.0004473624) * u + 0.01680668) * u - 0.251754) * u + 0.5737) * u + 7.62;
+  } else if (Ygreg < 1920) {
+    u = Ygreg - 1900;
+    ans = (((-0.000197 * u + 0.0061966) * u - 0.0598939) * u + 1.494119) * u -2.79;
+  } else if (Ygreg < 1941) {
+    u = Ygreg - 1920;
+    ans = 21.20 + 0.84493 * u - 0.076100 * u * u + 0.0020936 * u * u * u;
+  } else if (Ygreg < 1961) {
+    u = Ygreg - 1950;
+    ans = 29.07 + 0.407 * u - u * u / 233.0 + u * u * u / 2547.0;
+  } else if (Ygreg < 1986) {
+    u = Ygreg - 1975;
+    ans = 45.45 + 1.067 * u - u * u / 260.0 - u * u * u / 718.0;
+  } else if (Ygreg < 2005) {
+    u = Ygreg - 2000;
+    ans = ((((0.00002373599 * u + 0.000651814) * u + 0.0017275) * u - 0.060374) * u + 0.3345) * u + 63.86;
+  }
+  ans = adjust_for_tidacc(ans, Ygreg);
+  ans /= 86400.0;
+  return ans;
+}
+
+/* Read delta t values from external file.
+ * record structure: year(whitespace)delta_t in 0.01 sec.
+ */
+static int init_dt(void)
+{
+  FILE *fp;
+  int year;
+  int tab_index;
+  int tabsiz;
+  int i;
+  char s[AS_MAXCH];
+  char *sp;
+  if (!init_dt_done) {
+    init_dt_done = TRUE;
+    /* no error message if file is missing */
+    if ((fp = swi_fopen(-1, "swe_deltat.txt", swed.ephepath, NULL)) == NULL
+      && (fp = swi_fopen(-1, "sedeltat.txt", swed.ephepath, NULL)) == NULL)
+      return TABSIZ; 
+    while(fgets(s, AS_MAXCH, fp) != NULL) {
+      sp = s;
+      while (strchr(" \t", *sp) != NULL && *sp != '\0') 
+        sp++;	/* was *sp++  fixed by Alois 2-jul-2003 */
+      if (*sp == '#' || *sp == '\n')
+        continue;
+      year = atoi(s);
+      tab_index = year - TABSTART;
+      /* table space is limited. no error msg, if exceeded */
+      if (tab_index >= TABSIZ_SPACE)
+        continue; 
+      sp += 4;
+      while (strchr(" \t", *sp) != NULL && *sp != '\0')
+        sp++;	/* was *sp++  fixed by Alois 2-jul-2003 */
+      /*dt[tab_index] = (short) (atof(sp) * 100 + 0.5);*/
+      dt[tab_index] = atof(sp);
+    }
+    fclose(fp);
+  }
+  /* find table size */
+  tabsiz = 2001 - TABSTART + 1;
+  for (i = tabsiz - 1; i < TABSIZ_SPACE; i++) {
+    if (dt[i] == 0) 
+      break;
+    else
+      tabsiz++;
+  }
+  tabsiz--;
+  return tabsiz;
+}
+
+/* Astronomical Almanac table is corrected by adding the expression
+ *     -0.000091 (ndot + 26)(year-1955)^2  seconds
+ * to entries prior to 1955 (AA page K8), where ndot is the secular
+ * tidal term in the mean motion of the Moon.
+ *
+ * Entries after 1955 are referred to atomic time standards and
+ * are not affected by errors in Lunar or planetary theory.
+ */
+static double adjust_for_tidacc(double ans, double Y)
+{
+  double B;
+  if( Y < 1955.0 ) {
+    B = (Y - 1955.0);
+    ans += -0.000091 * (tid_acc + 26.0) * B * B;
+  }
+  return ans;
+}
+
+/* returns tidal acceleration used in swe_deltat() */
+double FAR PASCAL_CONV swe_get_tid_acc()
+{
+#if 0
+  if (tid_acc == TID_ACC_DE403)
+    return 403;
+  if (tid_acc == TID_ACC_DE402)
+    return 200;
+#endif
+  return tid_acc;
+}
+
+void FAR PASCAL_CONV swe_set_tid_acc(double t_acc)
+{
+  tid_acc = t_acc;
+#if TRACE
+  swi_open_trace(NULL);
+  if (swi_trace_count < TRACE_COUNT_MAX) {
+    if (swi_fp_trace_c != NULL) {
+      fputs("\n/*SWE_SET_TID_ACC*/\n", swi_fp_trace_c);
+      fprintf(swi_fp_trace_c, "  t = %.9f;\n", t_acc);
+      fprintf(swi_fp_trace_c, "  swe_set_tid_acc(t);\n");
+      fputs("  printf(\"swe_set_tid_acc: %f\\t\\n\", ", swi_fp_trace_c);
+      fputs("t);\n", swi_fp_trace_c);
+      fflush(swi_fp_trace_c);
+    }
+    if (swi_fp_trace_out != NULL) {
+      fprintf(swi_fp_trace_out, "swe_set_tid_acc: %f\t\n", t_acc);
+      fflush(swi_fp_trace_out);
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+/* Apparent Sidereal Time at Greenwich with equation of the equinoxes
+ * AA page B6
+ *
+ * returns sidereal time in hours.
+ *
+ * Caution. At epoch J2000.0, the 16 decimal precision
+ * of IEEE double precision numbers
+ * limits time resolution measured by Julian date
+ * to approximately 24 microseconds.
+ * 
+ * program returns sidereal hours since sidereal midnight 
+ * tjd 		julian day UT
+ * eps 		obliquity of ecliptic, degrees 
+ * nut 		nutation, degrees 
+ */
+double FAR PASCAL_CONV swe_sidtime0( double tjd, double eps, double nut )
+{
+  double jd0;    	/* Julian day at midnight Universal Time */
+  double secs;   	/* Time of day, UT seconds since UT midnight */
+  double eqeq, jd, tu, tt, msday;
+  double gmst;
+  /* Julian day at given UT */
+  jd = tjd;
+  jd0 = floor(jd);
+  secs = tjd - jd0;
+  if( secs < 0.5 ) {
+    jd0 -= 0.5;
+    secs += 0.5;
+  } else {
+    jd0 += 0.5;
+    secs -= 0.5;
+  }
+  secs *= 86400.0;
+  tu = (jd0 - J2000)/36525.0; /* UT1 in centuries after J2000 */
+if (PREC_IAU_2003) {
+  tt = (jd0 + swe_deltat(jd0) - J2000)/36525.0; /* TT in centuries after J2000 */
+  gmst = (((-0.000000002454*tt - 0.00000199708)*tt - 0.0000002926)*tt + 0.092772110)*tt*tt + 307.4771013*(tt-tu) + 8640184.79447825*tu + 24110.5493771;
+  /* mean solar days per sidereal day at date tu;
+   * for the derivative of gmst, we can assume UT1 =~ TT */
+  msday = 1 + ((((-0.000000012270*tt - 0.00000798832)*tt - 0.0000008778)*tt + 0.185544220)*tt + 8640184.79447825)/(86400.*36525.);
+} else {
+    /* Greenwich Mean Sidereal Time at 0h UT of date */
+  gmst = (( -6.2e-6*tu + 9.3104e-2)*tu + 8640184.812866)*tu + 24110.54841;
+  /* mean solar days per sidereal day at date tu, = 1.00273790934 in 1986 */
+  msday = 1.0 + ((-1.86e-5*tu + 0.186208)*tu + 8640184.812866)/(86400.*36525.);
+}
+  /* Local apparent sidereal time at given UT at Greenwich */
+  eqeq = 240.0 * nut * cos(eps * DEGTORAD);
+  gmst = gmst + msday*secs + eqeq  /* + 240.0*tlong */;
+  /* Sidereal seconds modulo 1 sidereal day */
+  gmst = gmst - 86400.0 * floor( gmst/86400.0 );
+  /* return in hours */
+  gmst /= 3600;
+#ifdef TRACE
+  swi_open_trace(NULL);
+  if (swi_trace_count < TRACE_COUNT_MAX) {
+    if (swi_fp_trace_c != NULL) {
+      fputs("\n/*SWE_SIDTIME0*/\n", swi_fp_trace_c);
+      fprintf(swi_fp_trace_c, "  tjd = %.9f;", tjd);
+      fprintf(swi_fp_trace_c, "  eps = %.9f;", eps);
+      fprintf(swi_fp_trace_c, "  nut = %.9f;\n", nut);
+      fprintf(swi_fp_trace_c, "  t = swe_sidtime0(tjd, eps, nut);\n");
+      fputs("  printf(\"swe_sidtime0: %f\\tsidt = %f\\teps = %f\\tnut = %f\\t\\n\", ", swi_fp_trace_c);
+      fputs("tjd, t, eps, nut);\n", swi_fp_trace_c);
+      fflush(swi_fp_trace_c);
+    }
+    if (swi_fp_trace_out != NULL) {
+      fprintf(swi_fp_trace_out, "swe_sidtime0: %f\tsidt = %f\teps = %f\tnut = %f\t\n", tjd, gmst, eps, nut);
+      fflush(swi_fp_trace_out);
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+  return gmst;
+}
+
+/* sidereal time, without eps and nut as parameters.
+ * tjd must be UT !!!
+ * for more informsation, see comment with swe_sidtime0()
+ */
+double FAR PASCAL_CONV swe_sidtime(double tjd_ut)
+{
+  int i;
+  double eps, nutlo[2], tsid;
+  double tjde = tjd_ut + swe_deltat(tjd_ut);
+  eps = swi_epsiln(tjde) * RADTODEG;
+  swi_nutation(tjde, nutlo);
+  for (i = 0; i < 2; i++)
+    nutlo[i] *= RADTODEG;
+  tsid = swe_sidtime0(tjd_ut, eps + nutlo[1], nutlo[0]);
+#ifdef TRACE
+  swi_open_trace(NULL);
+  if (swi_trace_count < TRACE_COUNT_MAX) {
+    if (swi_fp_trace_c != NULL) {
+      fputs("\n/*SWE_SIDTIME*/\n", swi_fp_trace_c);
+      fprintf(swi_fp_trace_c, "  tjd = %.9f;\n", tjd_ut);
+      fprintf(swi_fp_trace_c, "  t = swe_sidtime(tjd);\n");
+      fputs("  printf(\"swe_sidtime: %f\\t%f\\t\\n\", ", swi_fp_trace_c);
+      fputs("tjd, t);\n", swi_fp_trace_c);
+      fflush(swi_fp_trace_c);
+    }
+    if (swi_fp_trace_out != NULL) {
+      fprintf(swi_fp_trace_out, "swe_sidtime: %f\t%f\t\n", tjd_ut, tsid);
+      fflush(swi_fp_trace_out);
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+  return tsid;
+}
+
+/* SWISSEPH
+ * generates name of ephemeris file
+ * file name looks as follows:
+ * swephpl.m30, where
+ *
+ * "sweph"              	"swiss ephemeris"
+ * "pl","mo","as"               planet, moon, or asteroid 
+ * "m"  or "_"                  BC or AD
+ *
+ * "30"                         start century
+ * tjd        	= ephemeris file for which julian day
+ * ipli       	= number of planet
+ * fname      	= ephemeris file name
+ */
+void swi_gen_filename(double tjd, int ipli, char *fname) 
+{  
+  int icty;
+  int ncties = (int) NCTIES;
+  short gregflag;
+  int jmon, jday, jyear, sgn;
+  double jut;
+  char *sform;
+  switch(ipli) {
+    case SEI_MOON:
+      strcpy(fname, "semo");
+      break;
+    case SEI_EMB:
+    case SEI_MERCURY:
+    case SEI_VENUS:
+    case SEI_MARS:
+    case SEI_JUPITER:
+    case SEI_SATURN:
+    case SEI_URANUS:
+    case SEI_NEPTUNE:
+    case SEI_PLUTO:
+    case SEI_SUNBARY:
+      strcpy(fname, "sepl");
+      break;
+    case SEI_CERES:
+    case SEI_PALLAS:
+    case SEI_JUNO:
+    case SEI_VESTA:
+    case SEI_CHIRON:
+    case SEI_PHOLUS:
+      strcpy(fname, "seas");
+      break;
+    default: 	/* asteroid */
+      sform = "ast%d%sse%05d.%s";
+      if (ipli - SE_AST_OFFSET > 99999) 
+	sform = "ast%d%ss%06d.%s";
+      sprintf(fname, sform,
+	(ipli - SE_AST_OFFSET) / 1000, DIR_GLUE, ipli - SE_AST_OFFSET, 
+	SE_FILE_SUFFIX);
+      return;	/* asteroids: only one file 3000 bc - 3000 ad */
+      /* break; */
+  }
+  /* century of tjd */
+  /* if tjd > 1600 then gregorian calendar */
+  if (tjd >= 2305447.5) {
+    gregflag = TRUE;
+    swe_revjul(tjd, gregflag, &jyear, &jmon, &jday, &jut);
+  /* else julian calendar */
+  } else {
+    gregflag = FALSE;
+    swe_revjul(tjd, gregflag, &jyear, &jmon, &jday, &jut);
+  }
+  /* start century of file containing tjd */
+  if (jyear < 0)
+    sgn = -1;
+  else
+    sgn = 1;
+  icty = jyear / 100;
+  if (sgn < 0 && jyear % 100 != 0)
+    icty -=1;
+  while(icty % ncties != 0)
+    icty--;
+#if 0
+  if (icty < BEG_YEAR / 100)
+    icty = BEG_YEAR / 100;
+  if (icty >= END_YEAR / 100)
+    icty = END_YEAR / 100 - ncties;
+#endif
+  /* B.C. or A.D. */
+  if (icty < 0) 
+    strcat(fname, "m");
+  else 
+    strcat(fname, "_");
+  icty = abs(icty);
+  sprintf(fname + strlen(fname), "%02d.%s", icty, SE_FILE_SUFFIX);
+#if 0
+  printf("fname  %s\n", fname); 
+  fflush(stdout);
+#endif
+}
+
+/**************************************************************
+cut the string s at any char in cutlist; put pointers to partial strings
+into cpos[0..n-1], return number of partial strings;
+if less than nmax fields are found, the first empty pointer is
+set to NULL.
+More than one character of cutlist in direct sequence count as one
+separator only! cut_str_any("word,,,word2",","..) cuts only two parts,
+cpos[0] = "word" and cpos[1] = "word2".
+If more than nmax fields are found, nmax is returned and the
+last field nmax-1 rmains un-cut.
+**************************************************************/
+int swi_cutstr(char *s, char *cutlist, char *cpos[], int nmax)
+{
+  int n = 1;
+  cpos [0] = s;
+  while (*s != '\0') {
+    if ((strchr(cutlist, (int) *s) != NULL) && n < nmax) {
+      *s = '\0';
+      while (*(s + 1) != '\0' && strchr (cutlist, (int) *(s + 1)) != NULL) s++;
+      cpos[n++] = s + 1;
+    }
+    if (*s == '\n' || *s == '\r') {	/* treat nl or cr like end of string */
+      *s = '\0';
+      break;
+    }
+    s++;
+  }
+  if (n < nmax) cpos[n] = NULL;
+  return (n);
+}	/* cutstr */
+
+char *swi_right_trim(char *s)
+{
+  char *sp = s + strlen(s) - 1;
+  while (isspace((int)(unsigned char) *sp) && sp >= s)
+    *sp-- = '\0';
+  return s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * The following C code (by Rob Warnock rpw3@sgi.com) does CRC-32 in
+ * BigEndian/BigEndian byte/bit order. That is, the data is sent most
+ * significant byte first, and each of the bits within a byte is sent most
+ * significant bit first, as in FDDI. You will need to twiddle with it to do
+ * Ethernet CRC, i.e., BigEndian/LittleEndian byte/bit order.
+ * 
+ * The CRCs this code generates agree with the vendor-supplied Verilog models
+ * of several of the popular FDDI "MAC" chips.
+ */
+static uint32 crc32_table[256];
+/* Initialized first time "crc32()" is called. If you prefer, you can
+ * statically initialize it at compile time. [Another exercise.]
+ */
+
+uint32 swi_crc32(unsigned char *buf, int len)
+{
+  unsigned char *p;
+  uint32  crc;
+  if (!crc32_table[1])    /* if not already done, */
+    init_crc32();   /* build table */
+  crc = 0xffffffff;       /* preload shift register, per CRC-32 spec */
+  for (p = buf; len > 0; ++p, --len)
+    crc = (crc << 8) ^ crc32_table[(crc >> 24) ^ *p];
+  return ~crc;            /* transmit complement, per CRC-32 spec */
+}
+
+/*
+ * Build auxiliary table for parallel byte-at-a-time CRC-32.
+ */
+#define CRC32_POLY 0x04c11db7     /* AUTODIN II, Ethernet, & FDDI */
+
+static void init_crc32(void)
+{
+  int32 i, j;
+  uint32 c;
+  for (i = 0; i < 256; ++i) {
+    for (c = i << 24, j = 8; j > 0; --j)
+      c = c & 0x80000000 ? (c << 1) ^ CRC32_POLY : (c << 1);
+    crc32_table[i] = c;
+  }
+}
+
+/*******************************************************
+ * other functions from swephlib.c;
+ * they are not needed for Swiss Ephemeris,
+ * but may be useful to former Placalc users.
+ ********************************************************/
+
+/************************************
+normalize argument into interval [0..DEG360]
+*************************************/
+centisec FAR PASCAL_CONV swe_csnorm(centisec p)
+{
+  if (p < 0) 
+    do { p += DEG360; } while (p < 0);
+  else if (p >= DEG360)
+    do { p -= DEG360; } while (p >= DEG360);
+  return (p);
+}
+
+/************************************
+distance in centisecs p1 - p2
+normalized to [0..360[
+**************************************/
+centisec FAR PASCAL_CONV swe_difcsn (centisec p1, centisec p2)
+{ 
+  return (swe_csnorm(p1 - p2));
+}
+
+double FAR PASCAL_CONV swe_difdegn (double p1, double p2)
+{ 
+  return (swe_degnorm(p1 - p2));
+}
+
+/************************************
+distance in centisecs p1 - p2
+normalized to [-180..180[
+**************************************/
+centisec FAR PASCAL_CONV swe_difcs2n(centisec p1, centisec p2)
+{ centisec dif;
+  dif = swe_csnorm(p1 - p2);
+  if (dif  >= DEG180) return (dif - DEG360);
+  return (dif);
+}
+
+double FAR PASCAL_CONV swe_difdeg2n(double p1, double p2)
+{ double dif;
+  dif = swe_degnorm(p1 - p2);
+  if (dif  >= 180.0) return (dif - 360.0);
+  return (dif);
+}
+
+double FAR PASCAL_CONV swe_difrad2n(double p1, double p2)
+{ double dif;
+  dif = swe_radnorm(p1 - p2);
+  if (dif  >= TWOPI / 2) return (dif - TWOPI);
+  return (dif);
+}
+
+/*************************************
+round second, but at 29.5959 always down
+*************************************/ 
+centisec FAR PASCAL_CONV swe_csroundsec(centisec x)	
+{
+  centisec t;
+  t = (x + 50) / 100 *100L;	/* round to seconds */
+  if (t > x && t % DEG30 == 0)  /* was rounded up to next sign */
+    t = x / 100 * 100L;		/* round last second of sign downwards */
+  return (t);
+}
+
+/*************************************
+double to int32 with rounding, no overflow check
+*************************************/ 
+int32 FAR PASCAL_CONV swe_d2l(double x)		
+{
+  if (x >=0)
+    return ((int32) (x + 0.5));
+  else
+    return (- (int32) (0.5 - x));
+}
+
+/*
+ * monday = 0, ... sunday = 6
+ */
+int FAR PASCAL_CONV swe_day_of_week(double jd)
+{
+  return (((int) floor (jd - 2433282 - 1.5) %7) + 7) % 7;
+}
+
+char *FAR PASCAL_CONV swe_cs2timestr(CSEC t, int sep, AS_BOOL suppressZero, char *a)
+/* does not suppress zeros in hours or minutes */
+{
+  /* static char a[9];*/
+  centisec h,m,s;
+  strcpy (a, "        ");
+  a[2] = a [5] = sep;
+  t = ((t + 50) / 100) % (24L *3600L); /* round to seconds */
+  s = t % 60L;
+  m = (t / 60) % 60L;
+  h = t / 3600 % 100L;
+  if (s == 0 && suppressZero)  
+    a[5] = '\0';
+  else {
+    a [6] = (char) (s / 10 + '0');
+    a [7] = (char) (s % 10 + '0');
+  };
+  a [0] = (char) (h / 10 + '0');
+  a [1] = (char) (h % 10 + '0');
+  a [3] = (char) (m / 10 + '0');
+  a [4] = (char) (m % 10 + '0');
+  return (a);
+  } /* swe_cs2timestr() */
+
+char *FAR PASCAL_CONV swe_cs2lonlatstr(CSEC t, char pchar, char mchar, char *sp)
+{
+  char a[10];	/* must be initialized at each call */
+  char *aa;
+  centisec h,m,s;
+  strcpy (a, "      '  ");
+  /* mask     dddEmm'ss" */
+  if (t < 0 ) pchar = mchar;
+  t = (ABS4 (t) + 50) / 100; /* round to seconds */
+  s = t % 60L;
+  m = t / 60 % 60L;
+  h = t / 3600 % 1000L;
+  if (s == 0)  
+    a[6] = '\0';   /* cut off seconds */
+  else {
+    a [7] = (char) (s / 10 + '0');
+    a [8] = (char) (s % 10 + '0');
+  }
+  a [3] = pchar;
+  if (h > 99)  a [0] = (char) (h / 100 + '0');
+  if (h > 9)  a [1] = (char) (h % 100 / 10 + '0');
+  a [2] = (char) (h % 10 + '0');
+  a [4] = (char) (m / 10 + '0');
+  a [5] = (char) (m % 10 + '0');
+  aa = a;
+  while (*aa == ' ') aa++;
+  strcpy(sp, aa);
+  return (sp);
+} /* swe_cs2lonlatstr() */
+
+char *FAR PASCAL_CONV swe_cs2degstr(CSEC t, char *a)
+  /* does  suppress leading zeros in degrees */
+{
+  /* char a[9];	 must be initialized at each call */
+  centisec h,m,s;
+  t = t  / 100 % (30L*3600L); /* truncate to seconds */
+  s = t % 60L;
+  m = t / 60 % 60L;
+  h = t / 3600 % 100L;	/* only 0..99 degrees */ 
+  sprintf(a, "%2d%s%02d'%02d", h, ODEGREE_STRING, m, s);
+  return (a);
+} /* swe_cs2degstr() */
+
+/*********************************************************
+ *  function for splitting centiseconds into             *
+ *  ideg 	degrees, 
+ *  imin 	minutes, 
+ *  isec 	seconds, 
+ *  dsecfr	fraction of seconds 
+ *  isgn	zodiac sign number; 
+ *              or +/- sign
+ *  
+ *********************************************************/
+void FAR PASCAL_CONV swe_split_deg(double ddeg, int32 roundflag, int32 *ideg, int32 *imin, int32 *isec, double *dsecfr, int32 *isgn)
+{
+  double dadd = 0;
+  *isgn = 1;
+  if (ddeg < 0) {
+    *isgn = -1;
+    ddeg = -ddeg;
+  }
+  if (roundflag & SE_SPLIT_DEG_ROUND_DEG) {
+    dadd = 0.5;
+  } else if (roundflag & SE_SPLIT_DEG_ROUND_MIN) {
+    dadd = 0.5 / 60;
+  } else if (roundflag & SE_SPLIT_DEG_ROUND_SEC) {
+    dadd = 0.5 / 3600;
+  }
+  if (roundflag & SE_SPLIT_DEG_KEEP_DEG) {
+    if ((int32) (ddeg + dadd) - (int32) ddeg > 0)
+      dadd = 0;
+  } else if (roundflag & SE_SPLIT_DEG_KEEP_SIGN) {
+    if (fmod(ddeg, 30) + dadd >= 30)
+      dadd = 0;
+  }
+  ddeg += dadd;
+  if (roundflag & SE_SPLIT_DEG_ZODIACAL) {
+    *isgn = (int32) (ddeg / 30);
+    ddeg = fmod(ddeg, 30);
+  }
+  *ideg = (int32) ddeg;
+  ddeg -= *ideg;
+  *imin = (int32) (ddeg * 60);
+  ddeg -= *imin / 60.0;
+  *isec = (int32) (ddeg * 3600);
+  if (!(roundflag & (SE_SPLIT_DEG_ROUND_DEG | SE_SPLIT_DEG_ROUND_MIN | SE_SPLIT_DEG_ROUND_SEC))) {
+    *dsecfr = ddeg * 3600 - *isec;
+  }
+}  /* end split_deg */
+
+double swi_kepler(double E, double M, double ecce)
+{
+  double dE = 1, E0;
+  double x;
+  /* simple formula for small eccentricities */
+  if (ecce < 0.4) {
+    while(dE > 1e-12) {
+      E0 = E;
+      E = M + ecce * sin(E0);
+      dE = fabs(E - E0);
+    }
+  /* complicated formula for high eccentricities */
+  } else {
+    while(dE > 1e-12) {
+      E0 = E;
+      /*
+       * Alois 21-jul-2000: workaround an optimizer problem in gcc 
+       * swi_mod2PI sees very small negative argument e-322 and returns +2PI;
+       * we avoid swi_mod2PI for small x.
+       */
+      x = (M + ecce * sin(E0) - E0) / (1 - ecce * cos(E0));
+      dE = fabs(x);
+      if (dE < 1e-2) {
+	E = E0 + x;
+      } else {
+	E = swi_mod2PI(E0 + x);
+	dE = fabs(E - E0);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return E;
+}
+
+void swi_FK4_FK5(double *xp, double tjd)
+{
+  if (xp[0] == 0 && xp[1] == 0 && xp[2] == 0)
+    return;
+  swi_cartpol(xp, xp);
+  /* according to Expl.Suppl., p. 167f. */
+  xp[0] += (0.035 + 0.085 * (tjd - B1950) / 36524.2198782) / 3600 * 15 * DEGTORAD;
+  xp[3] += (0.085 / 36524.2198782) / 3600 * 15 * DEGTORAD;
+  swi_polcart(xp, xp);
+}
+
+void swi_FK5_FK4(double *xp, double tjd)
+{
+  if (xp[0] == 0 && xp[1] == 0 && xp[2] == 0)
+    return;
+  swi_cartpol(xp, xp);
+  /* according to Expl.Suppl., p. 167f. */
+  xp[0] -= (0.035 + 0.085 * (tjd - B1950) / 36524.2198782) / 3600 * 15 * DEGTORAD;
+  xp[3] -= (0.085 / 36524.2198782) / 3600 * 15 * DEGTORAD;
+  swi_polcart(xp, xp);
+}
+
+char *swi_strcpy(char *to, char *from)
+{
+  char *s;
+  if (*from == '\0') {
+    *to = '\0';
+    return to;
+  }
+  s = strdup(from);
+  if (s == NULL) {
+    strcpy(to, from);
+    return to;
+  }
+  strcpy(to, s);
+  free(s);
+  return to;
+}
+
+char *swi_strncpy(char *to, char *from, size_t n)
+{ 
+  char *s;
+  if (*from == '\0') {
+    return to;
+  }
+  s = strdup(from);
+  if (s == NULL) {
+    strncpy(to, from, n);
+    return to;
+  }
+  strncpy(to, s, n);
+  free(s);
+  return to;
+}
+
+#ifdef TRACE
+void swi_open_trace(char *serr)
+{
+  swi_trace_count++;
+  if (swi_trace_count >= TRACE_COUNT_MAX) {
+    if (swi_trace_count == TRACE_COUNT_MAX) { 
+      if (serr != NULL)
+	sprintf(serr, "trace stopped, %d calls exceeded.", TRACE_COUNT_MAX);
+      if (swi_fp_trace_out != NULL)
+	fprintf(swi_fp_trace_out, "trace stopped, %d calls exceeded.\n", TRACE_COUNT_MAX);
+      if (swi_fp_trace_c != NULL)
+	fprintf(swi_fp_trace_c, "/* trace stopped, %d calls exceeded. */\n", TRACE_COUNT_MAX);
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  if (swi_fp_trace_c == NULL) {
+    char fname[AS_MAXCH];
+#if TRACE == 2
+    char *sp, *sp1;
+    int ipid;
+#endif
+    /* remove(fname_trace_c); */
+    strcpy(fname, fname_trace_c);
+#if TRACE == 2
+    sp = strchr(fname_trace_c, '.');
+    sp1 = strchr(fname, '.');
+# if MSDOS
+    ipid = _getpid();
+# else
+    ipid = getpid();
+# endif
+    sprintf(sp1, "_%d%s", ipid, sp);
+#endif
+    if ((swi_fp_trace_c = fopen(fname, FILE_A_ACCESS)) == NULL) {
+      if (serr != NULL)
+	sprintf(serr, "could not open trace output file '%s'", fname);
+    } else {
+      fputs("#include \"sweodef.h\"\n", swi_fp_trace_c);   
+      fputs("#include \"swephexp.h\"\n\n", swi_fp_trace_c);   
+      fputs("void main()\n{\n", swi_fp_trace_c);   
+      fputs("  double tjd, t, nut, eps; int i, ipl, retc; int32 iflag;\n", swi_fp_trace_c);
+      fputs("  double armc, geolat, cusp[12], ascmc[10]; int hsys;\n", swi_fp_trace_c);
+      fputs("  double xx[6]; int32 iflgret;\n", swi_fp_trace_c);
+      fputs("  char s[AS_MAXCH], star[AS_MAXCH], serr[AS_MAXCH];\n", swi_fp_trace_c);
+      fflush(swi_fp_trace_c);
+    }
+  }
+  if (swi_fp_trace_out == NULL) {
+    char fname[AS_MAXCH];
+#if TRACE == 2
+    char *sp, *sp1;
+    int ipid;
+#endif
+    /* remove(fname_trace_out); */
+    strcpy(fname, fname_trace_out);
+#if TRACE == 2
+    sp = strchr(fname_trace_out, '.');
+    sp1 = strchr(fname, '.');
+# if MSDOS
+    ipid = _getpid();
+# else
+    ipid = getpid();
+# endif
+    sprintf(sp1, "_%d%s", ipid, sp);
+#endif
+    if ((swi_fp_trace_out = fopen(fname, FILE_A_ACCESS)) == NULL) {
+      if (serr != NULL)
+	sprintf(serr, "could not open trace output file '%s'", fname);
+    }
+  }
+}
+#endif