ruby-spark 1.1.0.1-java

data/lib/spark/mllib/ruby_matrix/vector_adapter.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+require 'matrix'
+
+# Based on ruby 2.1
+
+class Vector
+  def self.elements(array, copy=true)
+    DenseVector.new(convert_to_array(array, copy))
+  end
+end
+
+module Spark
+  module Mllib
+    class VectorAdapter < ::Vector
+
+      def self.new(*args)
+        object = self.allocate
+        object.__send__(:initialize, *args)
+        object
+      end
+
+      def initialize(*args)
+        case args.shift
+        when :dense
+          values = args.shift.dup
+        when :sparse
+          values = [0.0] * args.shift.to_i
+        else
+          raise Spark::MllibError, 'Unknow vector type.'
+        end
+
+        super(values)
+      end
+
+      def []=(index, value)
+        @elements[index] = value
+      end
+
+      def dot(other)
+        if other.is_a?(Spark::Mllib::MatrixBase)
+          other * self
+        else
+          inner_product(other)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def squared_distance(other)
+        diff = self - other
+        diff.dot(diff)
+      end
+
+      def values
+        @values || to_a
+      end
+
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/spark/mllib/stat/distribution.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+##
+# MultivariateGaussian
+#
+# This class provides basic functionality for a Multivariate Gaussian (Normal) Distribution. In
+# the event that the covariance matrix is singular, the density will be computed in a
+# reduced dimensional subspace under which the distribution is supported.
+#
+# == Arguments:
+# mu:: The mean vector of the distribution
+# sigma:: The covariance matrix of the distribution
+#
+Spark::Mllib::MultivariateGaussian = Struct.new(:mu, :sigma)

data/lib/spark/mllib/vector.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+module Spark
+  module Mllib
+    module Vectors
+
+      def self.dense(*args)
+        DenseVector.new(*args)
+      end
+
+      def self.sparse(*args)
+        SparseVector.new(*args)
+      end
+
+      def self.parse(data)
+        if data.start_with?('[') && data.end_with?(']')
+          DenseVector.parse(data)
+        elsif data.start_with?('(') && data.end_with?(')')
+          SparseVector.parse(data)
+        else
+          raise ArgumentError, 'Unknow vector.'
+        end
+      end
+
+      def self.to_vector(data)
+        if data.is_a?(SparseVector) || data.is_a?(DenseVector)
+          data
+        elsif data.is_a?(Array)
+          DenseVector.new(data)
+        end
+      end
+
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+module Spark
+  module Mllib
+    # @abstract Parent for all type of vectors
+    class VectorBase < VectorAdapter
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+module Spark
+  module Mllib
+    ##
+    # A dense vector represented by a value array.
+    #
+    # Dense vector is a vector in which most of the elements are non-zero.
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   DenseVector.new([1,2,3,4,5]).values
+    #   # => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+    #
+    #   DenseVector.new(1..5).values
+    #   # => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+    #
+    class DenseVector < VectorBase
+
+      def initialize(values)
+        super(:dense, values.to_a)
+      end
+
+      # Covert string to vector
+      #
+      #   DenseVector.parse("[1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0,5.0]")
+      #
+      def self.parse(data)
+        unless data =~ /\[[0-9., ]+\]/
+          raise ArgumentError, 'Unknow format for DenseVector.'
+        end
+
+        data.sub!('[', '')
+        data.sub!(']', '')
+
+        data = data.split(',')
+        data.map!(&:to_f)
+
+        DenseVector.new(data)
+      end
+
+      # Convert vector to string
+      #
+      #   DenseVector.new([1,2,3,4,5]).to_s
+      #   # => "[1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0,5.0]"
+      #
+      def to_s
+        "[#{values.join(',')}]"
+      end
+
+      def to_java
+        JDenseVector.new(values)
+      end
+
+      def self.from_java(object)
+        DenseVector.new(object.values)
+      end
+
+      def marshal_dump
+        values
+      end
+
+      def marshal_load(array)
+        initialize(array)
+      end
+
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+module Spark
+  module Mllib
+    ##
+    # A sparse vector represented by an index array and an value array.
+    #
+    # Sparse vector is a vector in which most of the elements are zero.
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   SparseVector.new(4, {1 => 1.0, 3 => 5.5}).values
+    #   # => [0, 1.0, 0, 5.5]
+    #
+    #   SparseVector.new(4, [[1, 3], [1.0, 5.5]]).values
+    #   # => [0, 1.0, 0, 5.5]
+    #
+    #   SparseVector.new(4, [1, 3], [1.0, 5.5]).values
+    #   # => [0, 1.0, 0, 5.5]
+    #
+    class SparseVector < VectorBase
+
+      attr_reader :indices
+
+      def initialize(arg1, arg2=nil, arg3=nil)
+          super(:sparse, arg1)
+
+          if arg2.is_a?(Hash)
+            @indices = arg2.keys
+            @values = arg2.values
+          else
+            @indices = arg2
+            @values = arg3
+          end
+
+          @indices.zip(@values).each do |(index, value)|
+            self[index] = value
+          end
+      end
+
+      # Covert string to vector
+      #
+      #   SparseVector.parse("(5,[1,4],[3.0,5.0])")
+      #
+      def self.parse(data)
+        data = data.match(/\(([0-9]+)[ ]*,[ ]*\[([0-9,. ]*)\][ ]*,[ ]*\[([0-9,. ]*)\]\)/)
+        if data
+          size = data[1].to_i
+          indices = data[2].split(',')
+          indices.map!(&:to_i)
+          values = data[3].split(',')
+          values.map!(&:to_f)
+
+          SparseVector.new(size, indices, values)
+        else
+          raise ArgumentError, 'Unknow format for SparseVector.'
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Convert vector to string
+      #
+      #   SparseVector.new(5, {1 => 3, 4 => 5}).to_s
+      #   # => "(5,[1,4],[3.0,5.0])"
+      #
+      def to_s
+        "(#{size},[#{indices.join(',')}],[#{values.join(',')}])"
+      end
+
+      def marshal_dump
+        [size, indices, values]
+      end
+
+      def marshal_load(array)
+        initialize(array[0], array[1], array[2])
+      end
+
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/spark/rdd.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,1377 @@
+module Spark
+  ##
+  # A Resilient Distributed Dataset (RDD), the basic abstraction in Spark. Represents an immutable,
+  # partitioned collection of elements that can be operated on in parallel. This class contains the
+  # basic operations available on all RDDs, such as `map`, `filter`, and `persist`.
+  #
+  class RDD
+
+    extend Forwardable
+
+    attr_reader :jrdd, :context, :command
+
+    include Spark::Helper::Logger
+    include Spark::Helper::Parser
+    include Spark::Helper::Statistic
+
+    def_delegators :@command, :serializer, :deserializer, :libraries, :files
+
+    # Initializing RDD, this method is root of all Pipelined RDD - its unique
+    # If you call some operations on this class it will be computed in Java
+    #
+    # == Parameters:
+    # jrdd:: org.apache.spark.api.java.JavaRDD
+    # context:: {Spark::Context}
+    # serializer:: {Spark::Serializer}
+    #
+    def initialize(jrdd, context, serializer, deserializer=nil)
+      @jrdd = jrdd
+      @context = context
+
+      @cached = false
+      @checkpointed = false
+
+      @command = Spark::CommandBuilder.new(serializer, deserializer)
+    end
+
+    def inspect
+      comms = @command.commands.join(' -> ')
+
+      result  = %{#<#{self.class.name}:0x#{object_id}}
+      result << %{ (#{comms})} unless comms.empty?
+      result << %{\n}
+      result << %{  Serializer: "#{serializer}"\n}
+      result << %{Deserializer: "#{deserializer}"}
+      result << %{>}
+      result
+    end
+
+
+    # =============================================================================
+    # Operators
+
+    def +(other)
+      self.union(other)
+    end
+
+
+    # =============================================================================
+    # Commad and serializer
+
+    def add_command(klass, *args)
+      @command.deep_copy.add_command(klass, *args)
+    end
+
+    # Add ruby library
+    # Libraries will be included before computing
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd.add_library('pry').add_library('nio4r', 'distribution')
+    #
+    def add_library(*libraries)
+      @command.add_library(*libraries)
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Bind object to RDD
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   text = "test"
+    #
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize(0..5)
+    #   rdd = rdd.map(lambda{|x| x.to_s + " " + text})
+    #   rdd = rdd.bind(text: text)
+    #
+    #   rdd.collect
+    #   # => ["0 test", "1 test", "2 test", "3 test", "4 test", "5 test"]
+    #
+    def bind(objects)
+      unless objects.is_a?(Hash)
+        raise ArgumentError, 'Argument must be a Hash.'
+      end
+
+      @command.bind(objects)
+      self
+    end
+
+    def new_rdd_from_command(klass, *args)
+      comm = add_command(klass, *args)
+      PipelinedRDD.new(self, comm)
+    end
+
+
+    # =============================================================================
+    # Variables and non-computing functions
+
+    def config
+      @context.config
+    end
+
+    def default_reduce_partitions
+      config['spark.default.parallelism'] || partitions_size
+    end
+
+    # Count of ParallelCollectionPartition
+    def partitions_size
+      jrdd.rdd.partitions.size
+    end
+
+    # A unique ID for this RDD (within its SparkContext).
+    def id
+      jrdd.id
+    end
+
+    # Persist this RDD with the default storage level MEMORY_ONLY_SER because of serialization.
+    def cache
+      persist('memory_only_ser')
+    end
+
+    # Set this RDD's storage level to persist its values across operations after the first time
+    # it is computed. This can only be used to assign a new storage level if the RDD does not
+    # have a storage level set yet.
+    #
+    # See StorageLevel for type of new_level
+    #
+    def persist(new_level)
+      @cached = true
+      jrdd.persist(Spark::StorageLevel.java_get(new_level))
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Mark the RDD as non-persistent, and remove all blocks for it from memory and disk.
+    #
+    # == Parameters:
+    # blocking:: whether to block until all blocks are deleted.
+    #
+    def unpersist(blocking=true)
+      @cached = false
+      jrdd.unpersist(blocking)
+      self
+    end
+
+    def cached?
+      @cached
+    end
+
+    def checkpointed?
+      @checkpointed
+    end
+
+    # Return the name of this RDD.
+    #
+    def name
+      _name = jrdd.name
+      _name && _name.encode(Encoding::UTF_8)
+    end
+
+    # Assign a name to this RDD.
+    #
+    def set_name(name)
+      jrdd.setName(name)
+    end
+
+    def to_java
+      marshal = Spark::Serializer.marshal
+
+      if deserializer.batched?
+        ser = deserializer.deep_copy
+        ser.serializer = marshal
+      else
+        ser = Spark::Serializer.batched(marshal)
+      end
+
+      rdd = self.reserialize(ser)
+      RubyRDD.toJava(rdd.jrdd, rdd.serializer.batched?)
+    end
+
+
+    # =============================================================================
+    # Actions which return value
+
+    # Return an array that contains all of the elements in this RDD.
+    # RJB raise an error if stage is killed.
+    def collect(as_enum=false)
+      file = Tempfile.new('collect', context.temp_dir)
+
+      RubyRDD.writeRDDToFile(jrdd.rdd, file.path)
+
+      collect_from_file(file, as_enum)
+    rescue => e
+      raise Spark::RDDError, e.message
+    end
+
+    def collect_from_file(file, as_enum=false)
+      if self.is_a?(PipelinedRDD)
+        klass = @command.serializer
+      else
+        klass = @command.deserializer
+      end
+
+      if as_enum
+        result = klass.load_from_file(file)
+      else
+        result = klass.load_from_io(file).to_a
+        file.close
+        file.unlink
+      end
+
+      result
+    end
+
+    # Convert an Array to Hash
+    #
+    def collect_as_hash
+      Hash[collect]
+    end
+
+    # Take the first num elements of the RDD.
+    #
+    # It works by first scanning one partition, and use the results from
+    # that partition to estimate the number of additional partitions needed
+    # to satisfy the limit.
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize(0..100, 20)
+    #   rdd.take(5)
+    #   # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
+    #
+    def take(count)
+      buffer = []
+
+      parts_count = self.partitions_size
+      # No parts was scanned, yet
+      last_scanned = -1
+
+      while buffer.empty?
+        last_scanned += 1
+        buffer += context.run_job_with_command(self, [last_scanned], true, Spark::Command::Take, 0, -1)
+      end
+
+      # Assumption. Depend on batch_size and how Spark divided data.
+      items_per_part = buffer.size
+      left = count - buffer.size
+
+      while left > 0 && last_scanned < parts_count
+        parts_to_take = (left.to_f/items_per_part).ceil
+        parts_for_scanned = Array.new(parts_to_take) do
+          last_scanned += 1
+        end
+
+        # We cannot take exact number of items because workers are isolated from each other.
+        # => once you take e.g. 50% from last part and left is still > 0 then its very
+        # difficult merge new items
+        items = context.run_job_with_command(self, parts_for_scanned, true, Spark::Command::Take, left, last_scanned)
+        buffer += items
+
+        left = count - buffer.size
+        # Average size of all parts
+        items_per_part = [items_per_part, items.size].reduce(0){|sum, x| sum + x.to_f/2}
+      end
+
+      buffer.slice!(0, count)
+    end
+
+    # Return the first element in this RDD.
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize(0..100)
+    #   rdd.first
+    #   # => 0
+    #
+    def first
+      self.take(1)[0]
+    end
+
+    # Reduces the elements of this RDD using the specified lambda or method.
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize(0..10)
+    #   rdd.reduce(lambda{|sum, x| sum+x})
+    #   # => 55
+    #
+    def reduce(f)
+      _reduce(Spark::Command::Reduce, f, f)
+    end
+
+    # Aggregate the elements of each partition, and then the results for all the partitions, using a
+    # given associative function and a neutral "zero value".
+    #
+    # The function f(x, y) is allowed to modify x and return it as its result value to avoid
+    # object allocation; however, it should not modify y.
+    #
+    # Be careful, zero_values is applied to all stages. See example.
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize(0..10, 2)
+    #   rdd.fold(1, lambda{|sum, x| sum+x})
+    #   # => 58
+    #
+    def fold(zero_value, f)
+      self.aggregate(zero_value, f, f)
+    end
+
+    # Aggregate the elements of each partition, and then the results for all the partitions, using
+    # given combine functions and a neutral "zero value".
+    #
+    # This function can return a different result type. We need one operation for merging.
+    #
+    # Result must be an Array otherwise Serializer Array's zero value will be send
+    # as multiple values and not just one.
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   # 1 2 3 4 5  => 15 + 1 = 16
+    #   # 6 7 8 9 10 => 40 + 1 = 41
+    #   # 16 * 41 = 656
+    #
+    #   seq = lambda{|x,y| x+y}
+    #   com = lambda{|x,y| x*y}
+    #
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize(1..10, 2)
+    #   rdd.aggregate(1, seq, com)
+    #   # => 656
+    #
+    def aggregate(zero_value, seq_op, comb_op)
+      _reduce(Spark::Command::Aggregate, seq_op, comb_op, zero_value)
+    end
+
+    # Return the max of this RDD
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize(0..10)
+    #   rdd.max
+    #   # => 10
+    #
+    def max
+      self.reduce('lambda{|memo, item| memo > item ? memo : item }')
+    end
+
+    # Return the min of this RDD
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize(0..10)
+    #   rdd.min
+    #   # => 0
+    #
+    def min
+      self.reduce('lambda{|memo, item| memo < item ? memo : item }')
+    end
+
+    # Return the sum of this RDD
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize(0..10)
+    #   rdd.sum
+    #   # => 55
+    #
+    def sum
+      self.reduce('lambda{|sum, item| sum + item}')
+    end
+
+    # Return the number of values in this RDD
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize(0..10)
+    #   rdd.count
+    #   # => 11
+    #
+    def count
+      # nil is for seq_op => it means the all result go directly to one worker for combine
+      @count ||= self.map_partitions('lambda{|iterator| iterator.to_a.size }')
+                     .aggregate(0, nil, 'lambda{|sum, item| sum + item }')
+    end
+
+    # Return a {Spark::StatCounter} object that captures the mean, variance
+    # and count of the RDD's elements in one operation.
+    def stats
+      @stats ||= new_rdd_from_command(Spark::Command::Stats).reduce('lambda{|memo, item| memo.merge(item)}')
+    end
+
+    # Compute the mean of this RDD's elements.
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   $sc.parallelize([1, 2, 3]).mean
+    #   # => 2.0
+    #
+    def mean
+      stats.mean
+    end
+
+    # Compute the variance of this RDD's elements.
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   $sc.parallelize([1, 2, 3]).variance
+    #   # => 0.666...
+    #
+    def variance
+      stats.variance
+    end
+
+    # Compute the standard deviation of this RDD's elements.
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   $sc.parallelize([1, 2, 3]).stdev
+    #   # => 0.816...
+    #
+    def stdev
+      stats.stdev
+    end
+
+    # Compute the sample standard deviation of this RDD's elements (which
+    # corrects for bias in estimating the standard deviation by dividing by
+    # N-1 instead of N).
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   $sc.parallelize([1, 2, 3]).sample_stdev
+    #   # => 1.0
+    #
+    def sample_stdev
+      stats.sample_stdev
+    end
+
+    # Compute the sample variance of this RDD's elements (which corrects
+    # for bias in estimating the variance by dividing by N-1 instead of N).
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   $sc.parallelize([1, 2, 3]).sample_variance
+    #   # => 1.0
+    #
+    def sample_variance
+      stats.sample_variance
+    end
+
+    # Compute a histogram using the provided buckets. The buckets
+    # are all open to the right except for the last which is closed.
+    # e.g. [1,10,20,50] means the buckets are [1,10) [10,20) [20,50],
+    # which means 1<=x<10, 10<=x<20, 20<=x<=50. And on the input of 1
+    # and 50 we would have a histogram of 1,0,1.
+    #
+    # If your histogram is evenly spaced (e.g. [0, 10, 20, 30]),
+    # this can be switched from an O(log n) inseration to O(1) per
+    # element(where n = # buckets).
+    #
+    # Buckets must be sorted and not contain any duplicates, must be
+    # at least two elements.
+    #
+    # == Examples:
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize(0..50)
+    #
+    #   rdd.histogram(2)
+    #   # => [[0.0, 25.0, 50], [25, 26]]
+    #
+    #   rdd.histogram([0, 5, 25, 50])
+    #   # => [[0, 5, 25, 50], [5, 20, 26]]
+    #
+    #   rdd.histogram([0, 15, 30, 45, 60])
+    #   # => [[0, 15, 30, 45, 60], [15, 15, 15, 6]]
+    #
+    def histogram(buckets)
+
+      # -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+      # Integer
+      #
+      if buckets.is_a?(Integer)
+
+        # Validation
+        if buckets < 1
+          raise ArgumentError, "Bucket count must be >= 1, #{buckets} inserted."
+        end
+
+        # Filter invalid values
+        # Nil and NaN
+        func = 'lambda{|x|
+          if x.nil? || (x.is_a?(Float) && x.nan?)
+            false
+          else
+            true
+          end
+        }'
+        filtered = self.filter(func)
+
+        # Compute the minimum and the maximum
+        func = 'lambda{|memo, item|
+          [memo[0] < item[0] ? memo[0] : item[0],
+           memo[1] > item[1] ? memo[1] : item[1]]
+        }'
+        min, max = filtered.map('lambda{|x| [x, x]}').reduce(func)
+
+        # Min, max must be valid numbers
+        if (min.is_a?(Float) && !min.finite?) || (max.is_a?(Float) && !max.finite?)
+          raise Spark::RDDError, 'Histogram on either an empty RDD or RDD containing +/-infinity or NaN'
+        end
+
+        # Already finished
+        if min == max || buckets == 1
+          return [min, max], [filtered.count]
+        end
+
+        # Custom range
+        begin
+          span = max - min # increment
+          buckets = (0...buckets).map do |x|
+            min + (x * span) / buckets.to_f
+          end
+          buckets << max
+        rescue NoMethodError
+          raise Spark::RDDError, 'Can not generate buckets with non-number in RDD'
+        end
+
+        even = true
+
+      # -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+      # Array
+      #
+      elsif buckets.is_a?(Array)
+
+        if buckets.size < 2
+          raise ArgumentError, 'Buckets should have more than one value.'
+        end
+
+        if buckets.detect{|x| x.nil? || (x.is_a?(Float) && x.nan?)}
+          raise ArgumentError, 'Can not have nil or nan numbers in buckets.'
+        end
+
+        if buckets.detect{|x| buckets.count(x) > 1}
+          raise ArgumentError, 'Buckets should not contain duplicated values.'
+        end
+
+        if buckets.sort != buckets
+          raise ArgumentError, 'Buckets must be sorted.'
+        end
+
+        even = false
+
+      # -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+      # Other
+      #
+      else
+        raise Spark::RDDError, 'Buckets should be number or array.'
+      end
+
+      reduce_func = 'lambda{|memo, item|
+        memo.size.times do |i|
+          memo[i] += item[i]
+        end
+        memo
+      }'
+
+      return buckets, new_rdd_from_command(Spark::Command::Histogram, even, buckets).reduce(reduce_func)
+    end
+
+    # Applies a function f to all elements of this RDD.
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize(0..5)
+    #   rdd.foreach(lambda{|x| puts x})
+    #   # => nil
+    #
+    def foreach(f, options={})
+      new_rdd_from_command(Spark::Command::Foreach, f).collect
+      nil
+    end
+
+    # Applies a function f to each partition of this RDD.
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize(0..5)
+    #   rdd.foreachPartition(lambda{|x| puts x.to_s})
+    #   # => nil
+    #
+    def foreach_partition(f, options={})
+      new_rdd_from_command(Spark::Command::ForeachPartition, f).collect
+      nil
+    end
+
+
+    # =============================================================================
+    # Transformations of RDD
+
+    # Return a new RDD by applying a function to all elements of this RDD.
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize(0..5)
+    #   rdd.map(lambda {|x| x*2}).collect
+    #   # => [0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
+    #
+    def map(f)
+      new_rdd_from_command(Spark::Command::Map, f)
+    end
+
+    # Return a new RDD by first applying a function to all elements of this
+    # RDD, and then flattening the results.
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize(0..5)
+    #   rdd.flat_map(lambda {|x| [x, 1]}).collect
+    #   # => [0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 1]
+    #
+    def flat_map(f)
+      new_rdd_from_command(Spark::Command::FlatMap, f)
+    end
+
+    # Return a new RDD by applying a function to each partition of this RDD.
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize(0..10, 2)
+    #   rdd.map_partitions(lambda{|part| part.reduce(:+)}).collect
+    #   # => [15, 40]
+    #
+    def map_partitions(f)
+      new_rdd_from_command(Spark::Command::MapPartitions, f)
+    end
+
+    # Return a new RDD by applying a function to each partition of this RDD, while tracking the index
+    # of the original partition.
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize(0...4, 4)
+    #   rdd.map_partitions_with_index(lambda{|part, index| part.first * index}).collect
+    #   # => [0, 1, 4, 9]
+    #
+    def map_partitions_with_index(f, options={})
+      new_rdd_from_command(Spark::Command::MapPartitionsWithIndex, f)
+    end
+
+    # Return a new RDD containing only the elements that satisfy a predicate.
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize(0..10)
+    #   rdd.filter(lambda{|x| x.even?}).collect
+    #   # => [0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
+    #
+    def filter(f)
+      new_rdd_from_command(Spark::Command::Filter, f)
+    end
+
+    # Return a new RDD containing non-nil elements.
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize([1, nil, 2, nil, 3])
+    #   rdd.compact.collect
+    #   # => [1, 2, 3]
+    #
+    def compact
+      new_rdd_from_command(Spark::Command::Compact)
+    end
+
+    # Return an RDD created by coalescing all elements within each partition into an array.
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize(0..10, 3)
+    #   rdd.glom.collect
+    #   # => [[0, 1, 2], [3, 4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9, 10]]
+    #
+    def glom
+      new_rdd_from_command(Spark::Command::Glom)
+    end
+
+    # Return a new RDD that is reduced into num_partitions partitions.
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize(0..10, 3)
+    #   rdd.coalesce(2).glom.collect
+    #   # => [[0, 1, 2], [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]]
+    #
+    def coalesce(num_partitions)
+      if self.is_a?(PipelinedRDD)
+        deser = @command.serializer
+      else
+        deser = @command.deserializer
+      end
+
+      new_jrdd = jrdd.coalesce(num_partitions)
+      RDD.new(new_jrdd, context, @command.serializer, deser)
+    end
+
+    # Return the Cartesian product of this RDD and another one, that is, the
+    # RDD of all pairs of elements `(a, b)` where `a` is in `self` and
+    # `b` is in `other`.
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd1 = $sc.parallelize([1,2,3])
+    #   rdd2 = $sc.parallelize([4,5,6])
+    #
+    #   rdd1.cartesian(rdd2).collect
+    #   # => [[1, 4], [1, 5], [1, 6], [2, 4], [2, 5], [2, 6], [3, 4], [3, 5], [3, 6]]
+    #
+    def cartesian(other)
+      _deserializer = Spark::Serializer::Cartesian.new(self.deserializer, other.deserializer)
+
+      new_jrdd = jrdd.cartesian(other.jrdd)
+      RDD.new(new_jrdd, context, serializer, _deserializer)
+    end
+
+    # Return a new RDD containing the distinct elements in this RDD.
+    # Ordering is not preserved because of reducing
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize([1,1,1,2,3])
+    #   rdd.distinct.collect
+    #   # => [1, 2, 3]
+    #
+    def distinct
+      self.map('lambda{|x| [x, nil]}')
+          .reduce_by_key('lambda{|x,_| x}')
+          .map('lambda{|x| x[0]}')
+    end
+
+    # Return a shuffled RDD.
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize(0..10)
+    #   rdd.shuffle.collect
+    #   # => [3, 10, 6, 7, 8, 0, 4, 2, 9, 1, 5]
+    #
+    def shuffle(seed=nil)
+      seed ||= Random.new_seed
+
+      new_rdd_from_command(Spark::Command::Shuffle, seed)
+    end
+
+    # Return the union of this RDD and another one. Any identical elements will appear multiple
+    # times (use .distinct to eliminate them).
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize([1, 2, 3])
+    #   rdd.union(rdd).collect
+    #   # => [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]
+    #
+    def union(other)
+      if self.serializer != other.serializer
+        other = other.reserialize(serializer)
+      end
+
+      new_jrdd = jrdd.union(other.jrdd)
+      RDD.new(new_jrdd, context, serializer, deserializer)
+    end
+
+    # Return a new RDD with different serializer. This method is useful during union
+    # and join operations.
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize([1, 2, 3], nil, serializer: "marshal")
+    #   rdd = rdd.map(lambda{|x| x.to_s})
+    #   rdd.reserialize("oj").collect
+    #   # => ["1", "2", "3"]
+    #
+    def reserialize(new_serializer)
+      if serializer == new_serializer
+        return self
+      end
+
+      new_command = @command.deep_copy
+      new_command.serializer = new_serializer
+
+      PipelinedRDD.new(self, new_command)
+    end
+
+    # Return the intersection of this RDD and another one. The output will not contain
+    # any duplicate elements, even if the input RDDs did.
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd1 = $sc.parallelize([1,2,3,4,5])
+    #   rdd2 = $sc.parallelize([1,4,5,6,7])
+    #   rdd1.intersection(rdd2).collect
+    #   # => [1, 4, 5]
+    #
+    def intersection(other)
+      mapping_function = 'lambda{|item| [item, nil]}'
+      filter_function  = 'lambda{|(key, values)| values.size > 1}'
+
+      self.map(mapping_function)
+          .cogroup(other.map(mapping_function))
+          .filter(filter_function)
+          .keys
+    end
+
+    # Return a copy of the RDD partitioned using the specified partitioner.
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize(["1","2","3","4","5"]).map(lambda {|x| [x, 1]})
+    #   rdd.partitionBy(2).glom.collect
+    #   # => [[["3", 1], ["4", 1]], [["1", 1], ["2", 1], ["5", 1]]]
+    #
+    def partition_by(num_partitions, partition_func=nil)
+      num_partitions ||= default_reduce_partitions
+      partition_func ||= 'lambda{|x| Spark::Digest.portable_hash(x.to_s)}'
+
+      _partition_by(num_partitions, Spark::Command::PartitionBy::Basic, partition_func)
+    end
+
+    # Return a sampled subset of this RDD. Operations are base on Poisson and Uniform
+    # distributions.
+    # TODO: Replace Unfirom for Bernoulli
+    #
+    # == Examples:
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize(0..100)
+    #
+    #   rdd.sample(true, 10).collect
+    #   # => [17, 17, 22, 23, 51, 52, 62, 64, 69, 70, 96]
+    #
+    #   rdd.sample(false, 0.1).collect
+    #   # => [3, 5, 9, 32, 44, 55, 66, 68, 75, 80, 86, 91, 98]
+    #
+    def sample(with_replacement, fraction, seed=nil)
+      new_rdd_from_command(Spark::Command::Sample, with_replacement, fraction, seed)
+    end
+
+    # Return a fixed-size sampled subset of this RDD in an array
+    #
+    # == Examples:
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize(0..100)
+    #
+    #   rdd.take_sample(true, 10)
+    #   # => [90, 84, 74, 44, 27, 22, 72, 96, 80, 54]
+    #
+    #   rdd.take_sample(false, 10)
+    #   # => [5, 35, 30, 48, 22, 33, 40, 75, 42, 32]
+    #
+    def take_sample(with_replacement, num, seed=nil)
+
+      if num < 0
+        raise Spark::RDDError, 'Size have to be greater than 0'
+      elsif num == 0
+        return []
+      end
+
+      # Taken from scala
+      num_st_dev = 10.0
+
+      # Number of items
+      initial_count = self.count
+      return [] if initial_count == 0
+
+      # Create new generator
+      seed ||= Random.new_seed
+      rng = Random.new(seed)
+
+      # Shuffle elements if requested num if greater than array size
+      if !with_replacement && num >= initial_count
+        return self.shuffle(seed).collect
+      end
+
+      # Max num
+      max_sample_size = Integer::MAX - (num_st_dev * Math.sqrt(Integer::MAX)).to_i
+      if num > max_sample_size
+        raise Spark::RDDError, "Size can not be greate than #{max_sample_size}"
+      end
+
+      # Approximate fraction with tolerance
+      fraction = compute_fraction(num, initial_count, with_replacement)
+
+      # Compute first samled subset
+      samples = self.sample(with_replacement, fraction, seed).collect
+
+      # If the first sample didn't turn out large enough, keep trying to take samples;
+      # this shouldn't happen often because we use a big multiplier for their initial size.
+      index = 0
+      while samples.size < num
+        log_warning("Needed to re-sample due to insufficient sample size. Repeat #{index}")
+        samples = self.sample(with_replacement, fraction, rng.rand(0..Integer::MAX)).collect
+        index += 1
+      end
+
+      samples.shuffle!(random: rng)
+      samples[0, num]
+    end
+
+    # Return an RDD created by piping elements to a forked external process.
+    #
+    # == Cmds:
+    #   cmd = [env,] command... [,options]
+    #
+    #   env: hash
+    #     name => val : set the environment variable
+    #     name => nil : unset the environment variable
+    #   command...:
+    #     commandline                 : command line string which is passed to the standard shell
+    #     cmdname, arg1, ...          : command name and one or more arguments (This form does
+    #                                   not use the shell. See below for caveats.)
+    #     [cmdname, argv0], arg1, ... : command name, argv[0] and zero or more arguments (no shell)
+    #   options: hash
+    #
+    #   See http://ruby-doc.org/core-2.2.0/Process.html#method-c-spawn
+    #
+    # == Examples:
+    #   $sc.parallelize(0..5).pipe('cat').collect
+    #   # => ["0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5"]
+    #
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize(0..5)
+    #   rdd = rdd.pipe('cat', "awk '{print $1*10}'")
+    #   rdd = rdd.map(lambda{|x| x.to_i + 1})
+    #   rdd.collect
+    #   # => [1, 11, 21, 31, 41, 51]
+    #
+    def pipe(*cmds)
+      new_rdd_from_command(Spark::Command::Pipe, cmds)
+    end
+
+
+    # =============================================================================
+    # Pair functions
+
+    # Merge the values for each key using an associative reduce function. This will also perform
+    # the merging locally on each mapper before sending results to a reducer, similarly to a
+    # "combiner" in MapReduce. Output will be hash-partitioned with the existing partitioner/
+    # parallelism level.
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize(["a","b","c","a","b","c","a","c"]).map(lambda{|x| [x, 1]})
+    #   rdd.reduce_by_key(lambda{|x,y| x+y}).collect_as_hash
+    #   # => {"a"=>3, "b"=>2, "c"=>3}
+    #
+    def reduce_by_key(f, num_partitions=nil)
+      combine_by_key('lambda {|x| x}', f, f, num_partitions)
+    end
+
+    # Generic function to combine the elements for each key using a custom set of aggregation
+    # functions. Turns a JavaPairRDD[(K, V)] into a result of type JavaPairRDD[(K, C)], for a
+    # "combined type" C * Note that V and C can be different -- for example, one might group an
+    # RDD of type (Int, Int) into an RDD of type (Int, List[Int]). Users provide three
+    # functions:
+    #
+    # == Parameters:
+    # create_combiner:: which turns a V into a C (e.g., creates a one-element list)
+    # merge_value:: to merge a V into a C (e.g., adds it to the end of a list)
+    # merge_combiners:: to combine two C's into a single one.
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   def combiner(x)
+    #     x
+    #   end
+    #
+    #   def merge(x,y)
+    #     x+y
+    #   end
+    #
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize(["a","b","c","a","b","c","a","c"], 2).map(lambda{|x| [x, 1]})
+    #   rdd.combine_by_key(method(:combiner), method(:merge), method(:merge)).collect_as_hash
+    #   # => {"a"=>3, "b"=>2, "c"=>3}
+    #
+    def combine_by_key(create_combiner, merge_value, merge_combiners, num_partitions=nil)
+      _combine_by_key(
+        [Spark::Command::CombineByKey::Combine, create_combiner, merge_value],
+        [Spark::Command::CombineByKey::Merge, merge_combiners],
+        num_partitions
+      )
+    end
+
+    # Return an RDD of grouped items.
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize(0..5)
+    #   rdd.group_by(lambda{|x| x%2}).collect
+    #   # => [[0, [0, 2, 4]], [1, [1, 3, 5]]]
+    #
+    def group_by(f, num_partitions=nil)
+      self.key_by(f).group_by_key(num_partitions)
+    end
+
+    # Group the values for each key in the RDD into a single sequence. Allows controlling the
+    # partitioning of the resulting key-value pair RDD by passing a Partitioner.
+    #
+    # Note: If you are grouping in order to perform an aggregation (such as a sum or average)
+    # over each key, using reduce_by_key or combine_by_key will provide much better performance.
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize([["a", 1], ["a", 2], ["b", 3]])
+    #   rdd.group_by_key.collect
+    #   # => [["a", [1, 2]], ["b", [3]]]
+    #
+    def group_by_key(num_partitions=nil)
+      create_combiner = 'lambda{|item| [item]}'
+      merge_value     = 'lambda{|combiner, item| combiner << item; combiner}'
+      merge_combiners = 'lambda{|combiner_1, combiner_2| combiner_1 += combiner_2; combiner_1}'
+
+      combine_by_key(create_combiner, merge_value, merge_combiners, num_partitions)
+    end
+
+    # Merge the values for each key using an associative function f
+    # and a neutral `zero_value` which may be added to the result an
+    # arbitrary number of times, and must not change the result
+    # (e.g., 0 for addition, or 1 for multiplication.).
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize([["a", 1], ["b", 2], ["a", 3], ["a", 4], ["c", 5]])
+    #   rdd.fold_by_key(1, lambda{|x,y| x+y})
+    #   # => [["a", 9], ["c", 6], ["b", 3]]
+    #
+    def fold_by_key(zero_value, f, num_partitions=nil)
+      self.aggregate_by_key(zero_value, f, f, num_partitions)
+    end
+
+    # Aggregate the values of each key, using given combine functions and a neutral zero value.
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   def combine(x,y)
+    #     x+y
+    #   end
+    #
+    #   def merge(x,y)
+    #     x*y
+    #   end
+    #
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize([["a", 1], ["b", 2], ["a", 3], ["a", 4], ["c", 5]], 2)
+    #   rdd.aggregate_by_key(1, method(:combine), method(:merge))
+    #   # => [["b", 3], ["a", 16], ["c", 6]]
+    #
+    def aggregate_by_key(zero_value, seq_func, comb_func, num_partitions=nil)
+      _combine_by_key(
+        [Spark::Command::CombineByKey::CombineWithZero, zero_value, seq_func],
+        [Spark::Command::CombineByKey::Merge, comb_func],
+        num_partitions
+      )
+    end
+
+    # The same functionality as cogroup but this can grouped only 2 rdd's and you
+    # can change num_partitions.
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd1 = $sc.parallelize([["a", 1], ["a", 2], ["b", 3]])
+    #   rdd2 = $sc.parallelize([["a", 4], ["a", 5], ["b", 6]])
+    #   rdd1.group_with(rdd2).collect
+    #   # => [["a", [1, 2, 4, 5]], ["b", [3, 6]]]
+    #
+    def group_with(other, num_partitions=nil)
+      self.union(other).group_by_key(num_partitions)
+    end
+
+    # For each key k in `this` or `other`, return a resulting RDD that contains a tuple with the
+    # list of values for that key in `this` as well as `other`.
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd1 = $sc.parallelize([["a", 1], ["a", 2], ["b", 3]])
+    #   rdd2 = $sc.parallelize([["a", 4], ["a", 5], ["b", 6]])
+    #   rdd3 = $sc.parallelize([["a", 7], ["a", 8], ["b", 9]])
+    #   rdd1.cogroup(rdd2, rdd3).collect
+    #   # => [["a", [1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8]], ["b", [3, 6, 9]]]
+    #
+    def cogroup(*others)
+      unioned = self
+      others.each do |other|
+        unioned = unioned.union(other)
+      end
+
+      unioned.group_by_key
+    end
+
+    # Return each (key, value) pair in self RDD that has no pair with matching
+    # key in other RDD.
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd1 = $sc.parallelize([["a", 1], ["a", 2], ["b", 3], ["c", 4]])
+    #   rdd2 = $sc.parallelize([["b", 5], ["c", 6]])
+    #   rdd1.subtract_by_key(rdd2).collect
+    #   # => [["a", 1], ["a", 2]]
+    #
+    def subtract_by_key(other, num_partitions=nil)
+      create_combiner = 'lambda{|item| [[item]]}'
+      merge_value     = 'lambda{|combiner, item| combiner.first << item; combiner}'
+      merge_combiners = 'lambda{|combiner_1, combiner_2| combiner_1 += combiner_2; combiner_1}'
+
+      self.union(other)
+          .combine_by_key(create_combiner, merge_value, merge_combiners, num_partitions)
+          .filter('lambda{|(key,values)| values.size == 1}')
+          .flat_map_values('lambda{|item| item.first}')
+    end
+
+    # Return an RDD with the elements from self that are not in other.
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd1 = $sc.parallelize([["a", 1], ["a", 2], ["b", 3], ["c", 4]])
+    #   rdd2 = $sc.parallelize([["a", 2], ["c", 6]])
+    #   rdd1.subtract(rdd2).collect
+    #   # => [["a", 1], ["b", 3], ["c", 4]]
+    #
+    def subtract(other, num_partitions=nil)
+      mapping_function = 'lambda{|x| [x,nil]}'
+
+      self.map(mapping_function)
+          .subtract_by_key(other.map(mapping_function), num_partitions)
+          .keys
+    end
+
+    # Sort the RDD by key
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize([["c", 1], ["b", 2], ["a", 3]])
+    #   rdd.sort_by_key.collect
+    #   # => [["a", 3], ["b", 2], ["c", 1]]
+    #
+    def sort_by_key(ascending=true, num_partitions=nil)
+      self.sort_by('lambda{|(key, _)| key}')
+    end
+
+    # Sort the RDD by value
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize([["a", 3], ["b", 1], ["c", 2]])
+    #   rdd.sort_by_value.collect
+    #   # => [["b", 1], ["c", 2], ["a", 3]]
+    #
+    def sort_by_value(ascending=true, num_partitions=nil)
+      self.sort_by('lambda{|(_, value)| value}')
+    end
+
+    # Sorts this RDD by the given key_function
+    #
+    # This is a different implementation than spark. Sort by doesn't use
+    # key_by method first. It can be slower but take less memory and
+    # you can always use map.sort_by_key
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize(["aaaaaaa", "cc", "b", "eeee", "ddd"])
+    #
+    #   rdd.sort_by.collect
+    #   # => ["aaaaaaa", "b", "cc", "ddd", "eeee"]
+    #
+    #   rdd.sort_by(lambda{|x| x.size}).collect
+    #   # => ["b", "cc", "ddd", "eeee", "aaaaaaa"]
+    #
+    def sort_by(key_function=nil, ascending=true, num_partitions=nil)
+      key_function   ||= 'lambda{|x| x}'
+      num_partitions ||= default_reduce_partitions
+
+      command_klass = Spark::Command::SortByKey
+
+      # Allow spill data to disk due to memory limit
+      # spilling = config['spark.shuffle.spill'] || false
+      spilling = false
+      memory = ''
+
+      # Set spilling to false if worker has unlimited memory
+      if memory.empty?
+        spilling = false
+        memory   = nil
+      else
+        memory = to_memory_size(memory)
+      end
+
+      # Sorting should do one worker
+      if num_partitions == 1
+        rdd = self
+        rdd = rdd.coalesce(1) if partitions_size > 1
+        return rdd.new_rdd_from_command(command_klass, key_function, ascending, spilling, memory, serializer)
+      end
+
+      # Compute boundary of collection
+      # Collection should be evenly distributed
+      # 20.0 is from scala RangePartitioner (for roughly balanced output partitions)
+      count = self.count
+      sample_size = num_partitions * 20.0
+      fraction = [sample_size / [count, 1].max, 1.0].min
+      samples = self.sample(false, fraction, 1).map(key_function).collect
+      samples.sort!
+      # Reverse is much faster than reverse sort_by
+      samples.reverse! if !ascending
+
+      # Determine part bounds
+      bounds = determine_bounds(samples, num_partitions)
+
+      shuffled = _partition_by(num_partitions, Spark::Command::PartitionBy::Sorting, key_function, bounds, ascending, num_partitions)
+      shuffled.new_rdd_from_command(command_klass, key_function, ascending, spilling, memory, serializer)
+    end
+
+    # Creates array of the elements in this RDD by applying function f.
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize(0..5)
+    #   rdd.key_by(lambda{|x| x%2}).collect
+    #   # => [[0, 0], [1, 1], [0, 2], [1, 3], [0, 4], [1, 5]]
+    #
+    def key_by(f)
+      new_rdd_from_command(Spark::Command::KeyBy, f)
+    end
+
+    # Pass each value in the key-value pair RDD through a map function without changing
+    # the keys. This also retains the original RDD's partitioning.
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize(["ruby", "scala", "java"])
+    #   rdd = rdd.map(lambda{|x| [x, x]})
+    #   rdd = rdd.map_values(lambda{|x| x.upcase})
+    #   rdd.collect
+    #   # => [["ruby", "RUBY"], ["scala", "SCALA"], ["java", "JAVA"]]
+    #
+    def map_values(f)
+      new_rdd_from_command(Spark::Command::MapValues, f)
+    end
+
+    # Pass each value in the key-value pair RDD through a flat_map function
+    # without changing the keys; this also retains the original RDD's
+    # partitioning.
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize([["a", [1,2]], ["b", [3]]])
+    #   rdd = rdd.flat_map_values(lambda{|x| x*2})
+    #   rdd.collect
+    #   # => [["a", 1], ["a", 2], ["a", 1], ["a", 2], ["b", 3], ["b", 3]]
+    #
+    def flat_map_values(f)
+      new_rdd_from_command(Spark::Command::FlatMapValues, f)
+    end
+
+    # Return an RDD with the first element of PairRDD
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize([[1,2], [3,4], [5,6]])
+    #   rdd.keys.collect
+    #   # => [1, 3, 5]
+    #
+    def keys
+      self.map('lambda{|(key, _)| key}')
+    end
+
+    # Return an RDD with the second element of PairRDD
+    #
+    # == Example:
+    #   rdd = $sc.parallelize([[1,2], [3,4], [5,6]])
+    #   rdd.keys.collect
+    #   # => [2, 4, 6]
+    #
+    def values
+      self.map('lambda{|(_, value)| value}')
+    end
+
+
+    # Aliases
+    alias_method :partitionsSize, :partitions_size
+    alias_method :defaultReducePartitions, :default_reduce_partitions
+    alias_method :setName, :set_name
+    alias_method :addLibrary, :add_library
+    alias_method :require, :add_library
+
+    alias_method :flatMap, :flat_map
+    alias_method :mapPartitions, :map_partitions
+    alias_method :mapPartitionsWithIndex, :map_partitions_with_index
+    alias_method :reduceByKey, :reduce_by_key
+    alias_method :combineByKey, :combine_by_key
+    alias_method :groupByKey, :group_by_key
+    alias_method :groupWith, :group_with
+    alias_method :partitionBy, :partition_by
+    alias_method :defaultReducePartitions, :default_reduce_partitions
+    alias_method :foreachPartition, :foreach_partition
+    alias_method :mapValues, :map_values
+    alias_method :takeSample, :take_sample
+    alias_method :sortBy, :sort_by
+    alias_method :sortByKey, :sort_by_key
+    alias_method :keyBy, :key_by
+    alias_method :groupBy, :group_by
+    alias_method :foldByKey, :fold_by_key
+    alias_method :aggregateByKey, :aggregate_by_key
+    alias_method :subtractByKey, :subtract_by_key
+    alias_method :sampleStdev, :sample_stdev
+    alias_method :sampleVariance, :sample_variance
+
+    private
+
+      # This is base method for reduce operation. Is used by reduce, fold and aggregation.
+      # Only difference is that fold has zero value.
+      #
+      def _reduce(klass, seq_op, comb_op, zero_value=nil)
+        if seq_op.nil?
+          # Partitions are already reduced
+          rdd = self
+        else
+          rdd = new_rdd_from_command(klass, seq_op, zero_value)
+        end
+
+        # Send all results to one worker and combine results
+        rdd = rdd.coalesce(1).compact
+
+        # Add the same function to new RDD
+        comm = rdd.add_command(klass, comb_op, zero_value)
+        comm.deserializer = @command.serializer
+
+        # Value is returned in array
+        PipelinedRDD.new(rdd, comm).collect[0]
+      end
+
+      def _partition_by(num_partitions, klass, *args)
+        # RDD is transform from [key, value] to [hash, [key, value]]
+        keyed = new_rdd_from_command(klass, *args)
+        keyed.serializer.unbatch!
+
+        # PairwiseRDD and PythonPartitioner are borrowed from Python
+        # but works great on ruby too
+        pairwise_rdd = PairwiseRDD.new(keyed.jrdd.rdd).asJavaPairRDD
+        partitioner = PythonPartitioner.new(num_partitions, args.first.object_id)
+        new_jrdd = pairwise_rdd.partitionBy(partitioner).values
+
+        # Reset deserializer
+        RDD.new(new_jrdd, context, @command.serializer, keyed.serializer)
+      end
+
+      # For using a different combine_by_key
+      #
+      # == Used for:
+      # * combine_by_key
+      # * fold_by_key (with zero value)
+      #
+      def _combine_by_key(combine, merge, num_partitions)
+        num_partitions ||= default_reduce_partitions
+
+        # Combine key
+        combined = new_rdd_from_command(combine.shift, *combine)
+
+        # Merge items
+        shuffled = combined.partition_by(num_partitions)
+        merge_comm = shuffled.add_command(merge.shift, *merge)
+
+        PipelinedRDD.new(shuffled, merge_comm)
+      end
+
+  end
+
+  # Pipelined Resilient Distributed Dataset, operations are pipelined and sended to worker
+  #
+  #   RDD
+  #   `-- map
+  #       `-- map
+  #           `-- map
+  #
+  # Code is executed from top to bottom
+  #
+  class PipelinedRDD < RDD
+
+    attr_reader :prev_jrdd, :command
+
+    def initialize(prev, command)
+
+      if prev.is_a?(PipelinedRDD) && prev.pipelinable?
+        # Second, ... stages
+        @prev_jrdd = prev.prev_jrdd
+      else
+        # First stage
+        @prev_jrdd = prev.jrdd
+      end
+
+      @cached = false
+      @checkpointed = false
+
+      @context = prev.context
+      @command = command
+    end
+
+    def pipelinable?
+      !(cached? || checkpointed?)
+    end
+
+    # Serialization necessary things and sent it to RubyRDD (scala extension)
+    def jrdd
+      @jrdd ||= _jrdd
+    end
+
+    private
+
+      def _jrdd
+        command = @command.build
+
+        broadcasts = @command.bound_objects.select{|_, value| value.is_a?(Spark::Broadcast)}.values
+        broadcasts = to_java_array_list(broadcasts.map(&:jbroadcast))
+
+        ruby_rdd = RubyRDD.new(@prev_jrdd.rdd, command, broadcasts, @context.jaccumulator)
+        ruby_rdd.asJavaRDD
+      end
+
+  end
+end